query: Are Semiarundinaria and Choisya in the same family?

pos: Semiarundinaria Semiarundinaria is a genus of East Asian bamboo in the grass family.

pos: Choisya Choisya is a small genus of aromatic evergreen shrubs in the rue family, Rutaceae. Members of the genus are commonly known as Mexican orange or mock orange due to the similarity of their flowers with those of the closely related orange, both in shape and scent. They are native to southern North America, from Arizona, New Mexico, Texas and south through most of Mexico. In its generic name Humboldt and Bonpland honoured Swiss botanist Jacques Denis Choisy (1799–1859).

neg: Palaeonyssia Palaeonyssia is a genus of moth in the family Geometridae.

neg: Pyrenaria Pyrenaria is a genus of plant in family Theaceae. It contains the following species (but this list may be incomplete):

neg: Parahyllisia Parahyllisia is a genus of beetles in the family Cerambycidae, containing the following species:

neg: Pseudocassyma Pseudocassyma is a genus of moth in the family Geometridae.

neg: Orthiopteris Orthiopteris is a fern genus in family Saccolomataceae. Further phylogenetic studies need to be made to determine whether "Orthiopteris" and "Saccoloma" (the only other Saccolomataceae species) should be considered separate genera.

neg: Semioptila Semioptila is a genus of moths in the family Himantopteridae.

neg: Carlemanniaceae The Carlemanniaceae are a tropical East Asian and Southeast Asian family of subshrub to herbaceous perennial flowering plants with 2 genera. Older systems of plant taxonomy place the two genera, "Carlemannia", and "Silvianthus" within the Caprifoliaceae or the Rubiaceae. The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification of 2003 places the group in the Lamiales, as a plant family more closely related to the Oleaceae than to the Caprifoliaceae.

neg: Lauraceae Lauraceae are the laurel family, that includes the true laurel and its closest relatives. This family of flowering plants comprises about 2850 known species in about 45 genera worldwide (Christenhusz & Byng 2016 ). They are dicotyledons, and occur mainly in warm temperate and tropical regions, especially Southeast Asia and South America. Many are aromatic evergreen trees or shrubs, but some, such as "Sassafras", are deciduous, or include both deciduous and evergreen trees and shrubs, especially in tropical and temperate climates. "Cassytha" is a genus unique to the Lauraceae family in that it is a genus of parasitic vines.

neg: Snowia Snowia is a genus of moth in the family Geometridae.

neg: Disynaphia Disynaphia is a genus of South American flowering plants in the sunflower family.

neg: Pratia Pratia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, native to Asia, Australia and New Zealand.

neg: Arophyteae Arophyteae is a tribe in the Araceae family. It contains three genera "Colletogyne", "Carlephyton", and "Arophyton". All species in Arophyteae are endemic to Madagascar.

neg: Adiantaceae Adiantaceae (as construed here, "sensu stricto", not a synonym of Pteridaceae) is a family of ferns in the order Pteridales. This includes the family formerly known as the "Vittariaceae." Recent genetic analyses based on chloroplast genes demonstrate that the vittarioid ferns cladistically nest within the genus "Adiantum", making that genus paraphyletic.

neg: Cenothyla Cenothyla is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:

neg: Nitschkiaceae The Nitschkiaceae are a family of fungi in the Ascomycota, order Coronophorales. Species in the family are mostly saprobic on wood, although some grow on lichens.

neg: Athylia Athylia is a genus of beetles in the family Cerambycidae, containing the following species:

neg: Connaraceae Connaraceae is a tropical plant family of 19 genera and more than 180 species.

neg: Nivenioideae Nivenioideae subfamily is one of the two main subfamilies in the popular Iridaceae family. It contains seven genera, from South Africa, Australia and Madagascar, including the only true shrubs in the family ("Klattia", "Nivenia" and "Witsenia"), It also includes "Aristea", "Cleanthe", Patersonia and also "Geosiris", which was in its own family until being re-assessed.

neg: Anamika (fungus) Anamika is a genus of fungi in the family Hymenogastraceae. "Anamika" was formerly placed in the family Cortinariaceae, but a molecular phylogenetics study found it to be closely related to "Hebeloma", which is in the family Hymenogastraceae. Species of "Anamika" have small basidiocarps with non-hygrophanous caps that are smooth, glabrous and slightly sticky when moist; a pileus margin that is incurved and entire when young and becomes decurved and fissile with age; and a pale brown context. Their lamellae are adnate; their stipes are central, terete, equal or enlarged towards both ends, slightly furfuraceous with a cortina when young, which often leaves inconspicuous annular remnants. Their spore prints are brown. Their spores are amygdaliform to sublimoniform, thick-walled, epitunica strongly developed with cavernous type of ornamentation, with a conspicuous callus and without germ-pore. The edges of their lamellae are sterile with cheilocystidia; pleurocystidia present similar to cheilocystidia. Their hymenophoral trama is regular. Their pileipellis an epicutis, repent thin-walled hyphae with pale bownish incrustation. Their caulocystidia occur in small clusters or scattered. Clamp connections are present in all tissues.

neg: Ornarantia tristis Ornarantia tristis is a moth in the Choreutidae family. It was described by Felder and Rogenhofer in 1875. It is found in the Amazon region.


query: What positions did the captain of the team that won the 16th edition of Major League Soccer's championship match play?

pos: MLS Cup 2011 MLS Cup 2011, the 16th edition of Major League Soccer's championship match, was played between the Houston Dynamo and the Los Angeles Galaxy to decide the champion of the 2011 season. The match was played at the Home Depot Center in Carson, California on November 20, 2011. Los Angeles won their third championship, defeating Houston 1–0 off a 72nd-minute goal from Galaxy captain Landon Donovan. David Beckham and Robbie Keane assisted the game's lone goal. With the win, the Galaxy became the first team since the Columbus Crew in 2008 to win both the Supporters' Shield and MLS Cup in the same year.

pos: Landon Donovan Landon Timothy Donovan (born March 4, 1982) is an American former professional soccer player who played as a forward and attacking midfielder. He holds numerous individual records in Major League Soccer (MLS) and for the United States national team and is often regarded as the greatest American men's soccer player of all-time.

neg: 2017 Major League Soccer season The 2017 Major League Soccer season is the 22nd season of Major League Soccer, top division of soccer in the United States and Canada. The regular season began on March 3, 2017 and will conclude on October 22, 2017. The MLS Cup Playoffs will begin on October 25, 2017 and conclude with MLS Cup 2017 on December 9, 2017.

neg: MLS Cup 2001 MLS Cup 2001, the sixth edition of Major League Soccer's championship match, was played between the Los Angeles Galaxy and the San Jose Earthquakes to decide the champion of the 2001 season. The game was played at Columbus Crew Stadium in Columbus, Ohio on October 21, 2001. San Jose won their first title, defeating their rivals Los Angeles 2-1 in overtime. Dwayne De Rosario scored the game-winning goal.

neg: Eric Miller (soccer) Eric Miller (born January 15, 1993) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a defender for the Colorado Rapids in Major League Soccer.

neg: Josh Turnley Joshua "Josh" Turnley (born December 22, 1993) is an American soccer player who plays for LA Galaxy II in the United Soccer League.

neg: 2011 Seattle Sounders FC season The 2011 Seattle Sounders FC season was the club's third season in Major League Soccer, the United States' top-tier of professional soccer. It was the Sounders FC organization's third year of existence; including all previous clubs, it was the 31st season of a soccer team bearing the Sounders name.

neg: 2013 Los Angeles Galaxy season The 2013 Los Angeles Galaxy season was the club's eighteenth season of existence, and their eighteenth season in Major League Soccer, the top tier of the American and Canadian soccer pyramids.

neg: 2014 Colorado Rapids season The 2014 Colorado Rapids season was the club's nineteenth season of existence, and their nineteenth season in Major League Soccer, the top tier of the American and Canadian soccer pyramids.

neg: Jason Moore (soccer) Jason Moore is a retired American soccer midfielder who spent five seasons in Major League Soccer. He was a member of the United States men's national under-17 soccer team which went to the quarterfinals of the 1993 FIFA U-17 World Championship.

neg: 2013 MLS All-Star Game The 2013 Major League Soccer All-Star Game, held on July 31, 2013, was the 18th annual Major League Soccer All-Star Game, a soccer match involving all-stars from Major League Soccer. The game was played at Sporting Park, now known as Children's Mercy Park, in Kansas City, Kansas.

neg: Craig Capano Craig Capano (born July 7, 1985) is an American soccer player, who last played for the Chicago Fire of Major League Soccer.

neg: Sean Okoli Sean Ugo Okoli (born February 3, 1993) is an American professional soccer player for New York City FC of Major League Soccer.

neg: Alex Muyl Alex Muyl (born September 30, 1995) is an American soccer player who plays as a midfielder for the New York Red Bulls in Major League Soccer.

neg: 2011 MLS All-Star Game The 2011 Major League Soccer All-Star Game, held on July 27, 2011, was the 16th annual Major League Soccer All-Star Game, a soccer match involving all-stars from Major League Soccer. The MLS All-Stars faced Manchester United of the English Premier League for the second year running in the eighth MLS All-Star Game to feature international opposition. Manchester United won the game 4–0 with goals from Anderson, Park Ji-Sung, Dimitar Berbatov and Danny Welbeck.

neg: 2015 Vancouver Whitecaps FC season The 2015 Vancouver Whitecaps FC season is the Whitecaps' fifth season in Major League Soccer, the top tier of soccer in the United States and Canada.

neg: 2003 MLS All-Star Game The 2003 Major League Soccer All-Star Game was the 8th Major League Soccer All-Star Game, played on August 2, 2003 at The Home Depot Center, now known as StubHub Center, in Carson, California. The All-Star Game celebrated both the opening of the league's second soccer-specific stadium that season, as well as the announcement of the league's expansion with an eleventh team purchased by the owners of Mexico's Club Deportivo Guadalajara. Then-MetroStars head coach Bob Bradley was tapped to lead the MLS All-Stars against Guadalajara, commonly known as Chivas, and led by their head coach, Eduardo de la Torre.

neg: 2008 Chicago Fire season The 2008 Chicago Fire season was the club's 13th year of existence, as well as their 11th season in Major League Soccer and 11th consecutive year in the top-flight of American soccer. It began with a 3-1 away win over Real Salt Lake on March 29, 2008 and ended with a 2-1 loss to Columbus Crew in the Eastern Conference Final on November 13, 2008. Denis Hamlett made his debut as the Chicago Fire coach after being promoted.

neg: 2016 LA Galaxy season The 2016 LA Galaxy season was the club's twenty-first season of existence, their twenty-first in Major League Soccer and their twenty-first consecutive season in the top flight of American soccer.

neg: Josh Keller Josh Keller (born February 16, 1975 in Laguna Niguel, California) is a retired American soccer midfielder who spent four seasons in Major League Soccer.

neg: All-time Portland Timbers (MLS) roster This list comprises all players who have participated in at least one league match for Portland Timbers since the team's first Major League Soccer season in 2011. Players who were on the roster but never played a first team game are not listed; players who appeared for the team in other competitions (U.S. Open Cup, CONCACAF Champions League, etc.) but never actually made an MLS appearance are noted at the bottom of the page.

neg: Joey Calistri Joey Calistri (born November 20, 1993) is an American soccer player who currently plays for Chicago Fire in Major League Soccer.


query: What role in their respective bands do Stephen Christian and Jonathan Davis share?

pos: Stephen Christian Stephen Christian is an American singer and songwriter best known as the former lead vocalist of the alternative rock band Anberlin, as well as the vocalist of his acoustic side-project Anchor & Braille. He and his bandmates started Anberlin in 2002, after the demise of their previous group, known as SaGoh 24/7. He is one of the main songwriters for Anberlin along with Joseph Milligan, and with the band has released seven albums, the final being in 2014. Many of the albums in the Anberlin discography have peaked in the top ten on various "Billboard" charts.

pos: Jonathan Davis Jonathan Howsmon Davis (born January 18, 1971), also known as JD and JDevil (or J Devil), is an American musician best known as the leading vocalist and frontman of the nu metal band Korn.

neg: Stephen the Levite Darrell Lynn Bell, Jr. (born July 2, 1981), who goes by the stage name Stephen the Levite or STL abbreviation, is an American Christian hip hop musician. "The Last Missionary" was released by Lamp Mode Recordings in 2012. This album would be his breakthrough release on the "Billboard" charts. He is a member of Christian hip hop collective, The Collective, with Timothy Brindle and Zae da Blacksmith. He is known for his complex flow patterns, and multi-syllable rhyme schemes.

neg: Project Damage Control Project Damage Control is a musical project formed by musicians from several Christian and secular rock bands.

neg: Night Ranger Night Ranger is an American rock band from San Francisco that gained popularity during the 1980s with a series of albums and singles. The band's first five albums sold more than 10 million copies worldwide and have sold 17 million albums total. The quintet is perhaps best known for the power ballad "Sister Christian", which peaked at No. 5 in June 1984.

neg: Taking the Head of Goliath Taking the Head of Goliath is a Christian death metal band that originated in 2015.

neg: Jon Dunn (musician) Jon Dunn is the second and current bassist of the Christian metal band, Demon Hunter. He also plays bass for Soul Embraced.

neg: Bible Black (band) Bible Black was an American band, formed by two ex-Elf/Rainbow musicians: drummer Gary Driscoll and bassist Craig Gruber. It also featured guitarist Duck McDonald, Joey Belladonna (who later departed to join Anthrax), and singer Jeff Fenholt (famous for his lead role in "Jesus Christ Superstar").

neg: Stephen Thomas Erlewine Stephen Thomas "Tom" Erlewine (born June 18, 1973, in Ann Arbor, Michigan) is an American music critic and senior editor for AllMusic. He is the author of many artist biographies and record reviews for AllMusic, as well as a freelance writer, occasionally contributing liner notes. He is the frontman and guitarist for the Ann Arbor-based band, Who Dat?

neg: Chris Christian Chris Christian (born February 7, 1955) is an American songwriter, record producer, and a record label executive. His songs have been recorded by Elvis Presley, Olivia Newton-John, Hall and Oates, Natalie Cole, Sheena Easton, The Pointer Sisters, Al Jarreau, The Carpenters, Amy Grant, Patti Austin, Dionne Warwick, America, The Imperials, B.J. Thomas, B W Stevenson, Marilyn McCoo, Dan Peek, Cheryl Ladd, Jane Olivor, Sandi Patti, Pat Boone, Ali Lohan, Donnie Osmond, and others.

neg: Richard Davis (bassist) Richard Davis (born April 15, 1930) is an American jazz bassist. Among his most famous contributions to the albums of others are Eric Dolphy's "Out to Lunch!", Andrew Hill's "Point of Departure", and Van Morrison's "Astral Weeks", of which critic Greil Marcus wrote (in "The Rolling Stone Illustrated History of Rock and Roll"), "Richard Davis provided the greatest bass ever heard on a rock album."

neg: A Band Called David a band called David was a group of musicians who provided the instrumental support from 1974 until 1988 for the 2nd Chapter of Acts, a Contemporary Christian music group.

neg: The Bittersweets The Bittersweets are an alternative country duo from Nashville, Tennessee, founded by singer-songwriter Chris Meyers (guitar, keyboards, vocals) and Hannah Prater (vocals, guitar) in 2005. They frequently tour venues and festivals in the Southern United States.

neg: As Hell Retreats As Hell Retreats was an American Christian metal band, and they primarily played death metal, metalcore, and thrash metal. They come from Hendersonville, Tennessee. The band started making music in 2005, and their membership was lead vocalist, Jackson Greene, lead guitarists, Clint Clayton, Blake Hardman, and Tyler Riley, bass guitarists, Nate Landreth and Taylor Jones, and drummer, Trent Davenport. The band released two independently made extended plays, "Demo", in 2007, and, "Acknowledgement", in 2008. Their first studio album, "Revival", was released by Strike First Records, in 2010. The subsequent studio album, "Volition", was released by Ain't No Grave Records, in 2011.

neg: Stephen Drury Stephen Drury (born April 13, 1955) is an American pianist, conductor and electronic musician.

neg: Jonathan David "Jonathan David" is a single released by Belle & Sebastian on Jeepster in 2001. The lead track gets its name from the biblical duo of Jonathan and David, while "The Loneliness of a Middle Distance Runner" is a reference to Alan Sillitoe's short story "The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner." The front cover features band members Mick Cooke and Bobby Kildea with Gill Dodds. All three tracks from the single were later collected on the "Push Barman to Open Old Wounds" compilation. The title track was the band's first single to feature lead vocals from guitarist Stevie Jackson. The single reached #31 in the UK singles chart.

neg: Joel Hanson Joel Hanson was the lead singer and guitarist for Christian rock band PFR. After the breakup of the band, he went on to a solo career with the albums "Captured", "Broken" and "What If It Is". Joel is a songwriter who has collaborated with several artists across the music industry, including Sara Groves, Geoff Moore, and Phil Keaggy. Joel is currently performing with The Joel Hanson Band. His brother Jade was the lead singer for the Christian rock band Believable Picnic.

neg: After the Chase After the Chase is an American Christian acoustic rock band. The band was founded by husband and wife duo Nathan and Jenna Strong in 2003, in Petaluma, California. Current members of the band include drummer & percussionist Gary Huntsman, and bass player Matthew Nalywaiko.

neg: Suzanne Davis (pianist) Suzanne Davis (born 1953) is an American jazz pianist. She received her Bachelor of Arts from Wellesley College. She composed the score for the independent film "In Between" as well as several short animated films and videos. She has performed with Phil Grenadier, Greg Hopkins, Ted Kotick, Joe Hunt, and Grover Washington, Jr. She is leader of the Suzanne Davis Trio and Quartet and also performs with the Bart Weisman Jazz Group.

neg: Stephen Wiley Stephen Wiley (born 1956) is recognized as the first artist to have recorded a full-length Christian rap album with his 1985 release on the Brentwood Records label, "Bible Break", a fact which was acknowledged by T-Bone (rapper) in his song "Our History" on his own album entitled "GospelAlphaMegaFunkyBoogieDiscoMusic" in 2002. At the time of this recording, Wiley was a member of the crusade team at Kenneth Hagin’s Rhema Bible Church in Broken Arrow, OK.

neg: Christian Jacob (musician) Christian Jacob is a jazz pianist. He has gained widespread exposure as co-leader, arranger and pianist with vocalist Tierney Sutton, although he has also maintained a substantial career as a solo artist and leader.

neg: Josh Brown (musician) Joshua Brown (born 1976) is the lead singer of Christian rock band Day of Fire, and was the original lead singer of Full Devil Jacket. He was a featured vocalist on Fireflight's hit song "You Decide" from their album "The Healing of Harms".


query: What is the population of the town which has the headquarters of the TrustCo Bank ?

pos: TrustCo Bank Trustco Bank (abbreviation of TrustCo Bank Corp. NY) is a commercial bank within the United States. Trustco was founded in Schenectady, New York in 1902 and is now headquartered in Glenville, NY. Trustco has 145 branches spread among New York, Florida, Massachusetts, New Jersey, and Vermont. Trustco Bank is an Equal Housing Lender and an Insured member of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. The company operates under the slogan, "Your Hometown Bank."

pos: Glenville, Schenectady County, New York Glenville is a town in Schenectady County, New York, United States. It was incorporated in 1821. As of the 2010 census, the town population was 29,480.

neg: Pontardawe Pontardawe (] – "bridge on the Tawe") is a town that houses some 5,000 inhabitants in the Swansea Valley (Welsh: "Cwmtawe") in south Wales. The community of Pontardawe, comprising the electoral wards of Pontardawe and Trebanos, is served by an elected Town Council and forms part of the county borough of Neath Port Talbot.

neg: Parkes, New South Wales Parkes is a town in New South Wales, Australia. It is the main settlement in the local government area of Parkes Shire. Parkes had an urban population of 15,450 as at 30 June 2016.

neg: Dosso, Niger Dosso is a city in the south-west corner of Niger. It lies 130 - south-east of the capital Niamey at the junction of the main routes to Zinder and Benin. The seventh-most populous town in Niger and the largest in Dosso Region, it had an official population during the 2001 census of 43,561. It is the capital of its region—which covers five departments in the southwestern corner of the nation, as well as of its own department: Dosso Department. The city itself lies at the centre of its own Urban Commune.

neg: Kanchipuram Kānchipuram (Tamil:காஞ்சிபுரம்) otherwise known as Kānchi ("kāñcipuram "; ] ) is a city/town in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, 72 km from Chennaithe capital of Tamil Nadu. The towns covers an area of 11.605 sqkm and had a population of 164,265 in 2001. It is the administrative headquarters of Kanchipuram District. Kanchipuram is well-connected by road and rail. Chennai International Airport is the nearest domestic and international airport to the town, which is located at Tirusulam in Kanchipuram district.

neg: Minehead Minehead is a coastal town and civil parish in Somerset, England. It lies on the south bank of the Bristol Channel, 21 mi north-west of the county town of Taunton, 12 mi from the border with the county of Devon and in proximity of the Exmoor National Park. The parish of Minehead has a population of approximately 11,981 making it the most populous town in the West Somerset local government district. This figure includes Alcombe and Woodcombe, suburban villages which have been subsumed into Minehead.

neg: Námestovo Námestovo (Hungarian: "Námesztó" ; Polish: "Namiestowo" ) is a town in northern Slovakia. It is the capital and largest town of Námestovo District in the Žilina Region. s of 2005 its population was 8,094.

neg: Main road town A main road town is a town with a small population and typically only one or two roads suitable for use by motorized vehicles. These towns are found alongide the National Highway and other important roads within India. These towns tend to have a higher population than villages, and often act as a transit point for surrounding villages. These towns may be taluk headquarters or headquarters of a subdivision.

neg: Kingston, New Hampshire Kingston is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. The population at the 2010 census was 6,025.

neg: Banbury Banbury is a market town on the River Cherwell in Oxfordshire, England, 64 mi northwest of London, 38 mi southeast of Birmingham, 27 mi south of Coventry and 21 mi north-by-northwest of the county town of Oxford. It had a population of 46,853 at the 2011 census.

neg: Eagle, Colorado Eagle is a statutory town that is the county seat of Eagle County, Colorado, United States. The population was 6,508 at the 2010 census, up from 3,032 at the 2000 census.

neg: Huddersfield Huddersfield ( , ) is a large market town in West Yorkshire, England. It is the 11th largest town in the United Kingdom, with a population of 162,949 at the 2011 census. Halfway between Leeds and Manchester, it lies 190 mi north of London, and 10.3 mi south of Bradford.

neg: CoreFirst Bank & Trust CoreFirst Bank & Trust (formerly Commerce Bank & Trust) is a community bank headquartered in Topeka, Kansas. Commerce Bank & Trust changed its name to CoreFirst Bank & Trust in order to differentiate itself from other "Commerce Banks", both in Kansas (Commerce Bancshares) and nationwide (such as Commerce Bank & Trust Company). Since the name change, CoreFirst has operated under three different brands.

neg: Middlesbrough Middlesbrough ( ) is a large industrial town on the south bank of the River Tees in North Yorkshire, north-east England, founded in 1830. The local council, a unitary authority, is Middlesbrough Borough Council. The 2011 Census recorded the borough's total resident population as 138,400 and the wider urban settlement with a population of 174,700 technically making Middlesbrough the largest urban subdivsion in the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire. Middlesbrough is part of the larger built-up area of Teesside which had an overall population of 376,333 at the 2011 Census.

neg: Barnstead, New Hampshire Barnstead is a town in Belknap County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 4,593 at the 2010 census. Home to the Suncook Lakes, Barnstead includes the villages of Center Barnstead, Barnstead Parade (identified as "Barnstead" on topographic maps) and South Barnstead.

neg: Farmington, Connecticut Farmington is an affluent town located in Hartford County in the Farmington Valley area of central Connecticut in the United States. The population was 25,340 at the 2010 census. It is home to the world headquarters of several large corporations including Carrier Corporation, Otis Elevator Company, and Carvel.

neg: Bedworth Bedworth is a market town in the Borough of Nuneaton and Bedworth, Warwickshire, England. It is situated between Coventry, 5.5 mi to the south, and Nuneaton, 3 mi to the north. In the 2001 census the town had a population of 32,268.

neg: Tillabéri Tillabéri (var. Tillabéry) is a town in northwest Niger. It is situated 113 km northwest of the capital Niamey on the River Niger. It is an important market town and administrative center, it is capital of the department of Tillabéri and Tillabéri Region. The town had a population of over 16000 at the 2001 census. The area was home to giraffe herds until the 1980s.

neg: Gisborne, New Zealand Gisborne (Māori: "Tūranga-nui-a-Kiwa" "Great standing place of Kiwa") is a city in northeastern New Zealand and the largest settlement in the Gisborne District (or Gisborne Region). It has a population of 36,100 (June 2016). The district council has its headquarters in Whataupoko, in the central city.

neg: Colchester, Connecticut Colchester is a town in New London County, Connecticut, United States. The population was 16,068 at the 2010 census. In 2010 Colchester became the first town in Connecticut, and the 36th in the country, to be certified with the National Wildlife Federation as a Community Wildlife Habitat.

neg: Palmerston, New Zealand The town of Palmerston, in New Zealand's South Island, lies 50 kilometres to the north of the city of Dunedin. It is the largest town in the Waihemo Ward of the Waitaki District, with a population of 890 residents. Palmerston grew at a major road junction: State Highway 1 links Dunedin and Waikouaiti to the south with Oamaru and Christchurch to the north, while State Highway 85 (known colloquially as "The Pigroot") heads inland to become the principal highway of the Maniototo. The Main South Line railway passes through the town and the Seasider tourist train travels from Dunedin to Palmerston and back once or twice a week. From 1880 until 1989, the town acted as the junction between the main line and a branch line that ran inland, the Dunback and Makareao Branches.


query: The Parshall Oil Field is an oil field producing from a rock unit from the Late Devonian to Early Mississippian age occupying about how many sqmi?

pos: Parshall Oil Field The Parshall Oil Field is an oil field producing from the Bakken Formation and Three Forks Formation near the town of Parshall, in Mountrail County, North Dakota. The field is in the Williston Basin. The field was discovered in 2006 by EOG Resources, which drilled, and now operates, most of the wells. It was the discovery of the Parshall Field that was largely responsible for the North Dakota oil boom. Parshall’s break-even price is at US$38/barrel, which is the lowest on the Bakken Formation; overall, Bakken’s break-even point is of US$62/barrel.

pos: Bakken Formation The Bakken Formation is a rock unit from the Late Devonian to Early Mississippian age occupying about 200000 sqmi of the subsurface of the Williston Basin, underlying parts of Montana, North Dakota, Saskatchewan and Manitoba. The formation was initially described by geologist J.W. Nordquist in 1953. The formation is entirely in the subsurface, and has no surface outcrop. It is named after Henry Bakken, a farmer in Tioga, North Dakota, who owned the land where the formation was initially discovered, during drilling for oil.

neg: Meadfoot Group The Meadfoot Group is an early Devonian lithostratigraphic group (a sequence of rock strata) in south Devon in southwest England. The name is derived from the locality of Meadfoot at Torquay. The Group comprises (in ascending order i.e. oldest first) the Staddon and Bovisand formations. It was formerly known as the Meadfoot Beds or Series.

neg: Petroleum Petroleum (from : "rock" + "oleum": "oil". ) is a naturally occurring, yellow-to-black liquid found in geological formations beneath the Earth's surface. It is commonly refined into various types of fuels. Components of petroleum are separated using a technique called fractional distillation i.e separation of a liquid mixture into fractions differing in boiling point by means of distillation, typically using a fractionating column.

neg: Susquehanna Group The Susquehanna Group is a geologic group in Pennsylvania. It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian period.

neg: Scotian Shelf The Scotian Shelf is a geological formation, part of the Continental shelf, located southwest of Nova Scotia, Canada. It covers an area of 120,000 km², is 700 km long and ranges in width from 120 to 240 km. It has an average depth of 90 metres. The Scotian Shelf contains the ecologically important Scotian Shelf Large Marine Ecosystem (LME) and the Scotian Shelf Waters (SSW).

neg: Beverly Hills Oil Field The Beverly Hills Oil Field is a large and currently active oil field underneath part of the city of Beverly Hills, California, USA, and portions of the adjacent city of Los Angeles. Discovered in 1900, and with a cumulative production of over 150 million barrels of oil, it ranks 39th by size among California's oil fields, and is unusual for being a large, continuously productive field in an entirely urban setting. All drilling, pumping, and processing operations for the 97 currently active wells are done from within four large "drilling islands", visible on Pico and Olympic Boulevards as large windowless buildings, from which wells slant diagonally into different parts of the producing formations, directly underneath the multimillion-dollar residences and commercial structures of one of the wealthiest cities in the United States. Annual production from the field was 1.09 million barrels in 2006, 966,000 barrels in 2007, and 874,000 in 2008, and the field retains approximately 11 million barrels of oil in reserve, as estimated by the California Department of Conservation. The three largest operators as of 2009 were independent oil companies Plains Exploration & Production, BreitBurn Energy, and Venoco, Inc.

neg: Mint Spring Marl The Mint Spring Marl is a geologic formation in Mississippi. It preserves fossils dating back to the Paleogene period.

neg: Pensacola Formation The Pensacola Formation is a geologic formation in Mississippi. It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.

neg: Pottsville Formation The Pennsylvanian Pottsville Formation is a mapped bedrock unit in Pennsylvania, western Maryland, West Virginia, and Ohio. The formation is also recognized in Alabama. It is a major ridge-former in the Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians of the eastern United States. The Pottsville Formation is conspicuous at many sites along the Allegheny Front, the eastern escarpment of the Allegheny or Appalachian Plateau.

neg: Gunashli oilfield Gunashli (Azerbaijani: "Günəşli") is an offshore oil field in the Caspian Sea, located 120 km east of Baku, Azerbaijan, 12 km southeast of Oil Rocks and its deep water section is a part of the larger Azeri–Chirag–Guneshli (ACG) project. The Azeri translation of "Gunashli" means ""sunny"". Gunashli is believed to have more than 100 million tonnes of oil reserves.

neg: Arman oil field The Arman Oil Field is an oil field located in Mangystau Province. It was discovered in 1994 and developed by Lukoil. The oil field is operated and owned by Lukoil and Royal Dutch Shell. The total proven reserves of the Arman oil field are around 84 million barrels (11.58×10tonnes), and production is centered on 3800 oilbbl/d .

neg: Sill (geology) In geology, a sill is a tabular sheet intrusion that has intruded between older layers of sedimentary rock, beds of volcanic lava or tuff, or along the direction of foliation in metamorphic rock. A "sill" is a "concordant intrusive sheet", meaning that a sill does not cut across preexisting rock beds. In contrast, a dike is a discordant intrusive sheet, which does cut across older rocks. Sills are fed by dikes, except in unusual locations where they form in nearly vertical beds attached directly to a magma source. The rocks must be brittle and fracture to create the planes along which the magma intrudes the parent rock bodies, whether this occurs along preexisting planes between sedimentary or volcanic beds or weakened planes related to foliation in metamorphic rock. These planes or weakened areas allow the intrusion of a thin sheet-like body of magma paralleling the existing bedding planes, concordant fracture zone, or foliations.

neg: Munster Basin The Munster Basin is a late Middle to Upper Devonian age extensional (rift) sedimentary basin in the south-west of Ireland. The basin fill comprises fluvial Old Red Sandstone (ORS) magnafacies with minor silicic volcanic and mafic sub-volcanic centres. The depocentre of the basin is located between the Macgillycuddy's Reeks and the Kenmare River on the Iveragh peninsula where the succession is at least "ca". 6 km thick. The non-marine ORS is conformably succeeded by latest Devonian coastal plain and shallow marine clastic deposits (the Toe Head Sandstone and Old Head Sandstone Formations, and equivalents), followed by shallow to deeper marine Carboniferous sandstones, mudstones and limestones of the South Munster Basin. During the Late Palaeozoic Variscan (or Hercynian) orogeny the deposits in the basin were subjected to compressional deformation that resulted in pressure solution cleavage formation, buckle folding and contractional faulting under very low-grade metamorphic conditions.

neg: Mid-Continent Region (North America) The Mid-Continent Region of the United States is a physiographic province that extends from northern Texas and covers portions of Nebraska, Kansas and Oklahoma. This area is a transition between the Eastern Plains and drier, short grass prairies of the Great Plains Region. It is bounded by the Mississippi River on the east and the Missouri River on the west and consists of generally low-relief, flat-lying marine and stream deposits from the Mesozoic and Cenozoic Eras. Geologically, the area is tectonically stable and part of the continental core. It has been impacted by structural folding, faulting, deformation, erosion and sedimentation from the ancient, eroded mountains of the Ouachita-Ozark Highlands in the southern portion of the region. The region has significant oil and gas production in the Arbuckle, Arkoma, Nemaha Uplift, and Ouachita Mountain areas, but lacks production and has little exploration outside of these areas.

neg: Ouachita geosyncline The Ouachita geosyncline was a major structural or sedimentary basin along southern North America. It is mostly covered by sedimentary rocks from the late Paleozoic and Mesozoic, but rocks of the former basin outcrop in the Llano Uplift near the Austin region, spanning Oklahoma and Arkansas, where it forms the Ouachita Mountains. The basin formed during the Paleozoic from the Ordovician through the Mississippian. The basin was involved in the Ouachita orogeny during the Pennsylvanian.

neg: Source rock In petroleum geology, source rock refers to rocks from which hydrocarbons have been generated or are capable of being generated. They form one of the necessary elements of a working petroleum system. They are organic-rich sediments that may have been deposited in a variety of environments including deep water marine, lacustrine and deltaic. Oil shale can be regarded as an organic-rich but immature source rock from which little or no oil has been generated and expelled. Subsurface source rock mapping methodologies make it possible to identify likely zones of petroleum occurrence in sedimentary basins as well as shale gas plays.

neg: Antlers Formation The Antlers Formation is a stratum which ranges from Arkansas through southern Oklahoma into northeastern Texas. The stratum is 150 m thick consisting of silty to sandy mudstone and fine to coarse grained sandstone that is poorly to moderately sorted. The stratum is cemented with clay and calcium carbonate. In places the sandstone may be conglomeratic or ferruginous (rich in iron oxides).

neg: Norman Upland The Norman Upland of southern Indiana comprises hilly terrain caused by the outcropping of sandstone units at the surface. The Norman Upland is the result of the exposure of the ancient Borden deltaic complex, which includes the Borden Formation. The age of the rocks in the Norman Upland are Mississippian.

neg: Mid-Continent oil province The Mid-continent oil field is a broad area containing hundreds of oil fields in Arkansas, Kansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma and Texas. The area, which consists of various geological strata and diverse trap types, was discovered and exploited during the first half of the 20th century. Most of the crude oil found in the onshore mid-continent oil field is considered to be of the mixed base or intermediate type (a mix of paraffin base and asphalt base crude oil types).

neg: Nevada Group The Nevada Group is a geologic group in Nevada. It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian period.

neg: Paleontology in New Hampshire Paleontology in New Hampshire refers to paleontological research occurring within or conducted by people from the U.S. state of New Hampshire. Fossils are very rare in New Hampshire because so much of the state's geology is highly metamorphic. The state's complicated geologic history has made dating its rocks and the fossils they contain "a difficult task." The state's Devonian rocks are especially metamorphosed, yet its Mississippian rocks formed too recently to have been subject to the same metamorphism. Nevertheless, despite the geologic complications some fossils have been discovered in the state.


query: What is the name of the field where Homer C. Martin played football?

pos: Homer C. Martin Homer C. Martin was an American football player and coach. He played football for the West Virginia Mountaineers and is a member of their hall of fame. Martin was the head football coach at the New River State School—now known as West Virginia University Institute of Technology—in Montgomery, West Virginia for four seasons, from 1923 until 1926, compiling a record of 15–19–6.

pos: West Virginia Mountaineers The West Virginia Mountaineers are the athletic teams that represent West Virginia University. The school is a member of National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I. The Mountaineers have been a member of the Big 12 Conference since 2012. At that time, the Mountaineers joined the Mid-American Conference as an affiliate member for men's soccer. The two major sports at the university are football (played at Mountaineer Field at Milan Puskar Stadium) and basketball (played at the WVU Coliseum), although many of the other sports have large followings as well. The West Virginia University athletic program also has the honor of being the only school in the nation in 2007 to win a BCS game, a NCAA Men's Basketball Tournament game, and a NCAA Women's Basketball Tournament game.

neg: Howard Wood Field Howard Wood Field is a stadium in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, constructed in 1957. Holding 10,000 people, it is one of the premier American football, association football (soccer) and track facilities in the region. Field turf was installed to replace the natural grass after a renovation project in 2003.

neg: Patriot Field Patriot Field is a baseball field located in Dallas, Texas, United States and was home to the Dallas Baptist Patriots baseball team from 1983-2012. The venue was finished in the summer of 1983 and has had many improvements done through the years since its inception. The field has also made a cameo appearance in Chuck Norris' "The President's Man," a made-for-TV movie, for CBS in 2001. The Texas Longhorns baseball team, featured in the film, used it as their fictitious "home field."

neg: Flushing Fields Flushing Fields is a public park in the northern section of the Flushing neighborhood of Queens, New York. The site of this park was purchased by the Memorial Field of Flushing Corporation in 1921 at what was at the time open farmland. From its beginning, the park served as the home field for the softball, football and track teams from Flushing High School. The name of the park and monument at its southern section honor residents of Flushing killed in the First World War.

neg: Rollins Field Rollins Field was a stadium in Columbia, Missouri. It hosted the University of Missouri Tigers football team until they moved to Memorial Stadium in 1926. The stadium held 13,000 people at its peak. It hosted the first homecoming in 1911.

neg: Guv Fuller Field Elmer "Guv" Fuller Field is a baseball and football venue in Falmouth, Massachusetts, home to the Falmouth Commodores of the Cape Cod Baseball League. Arnie Allen Diamond is located within the field, and it is home to the field that Falmouth High School uses for football games.

neg: Homer Airport Homer Airport (IATA: HOM, ICAO: PAHO, FAA LID: HOM) is a state-owned public-use airport located two nautical miles (4 km) east of the central business district of Homer, a town in the Kenai Peninsula Borough of the U.S. state of Alaska.

neg: Homer Jones (American football) Homer Carroll Jones (born February 18, 1941 in Pittsburg, Texas) is a former American football wide receiver, who played for the National Football League's New York Giants from 1964 to 1969, and for the Cleveland Browns in 1970.

neg: Skelly Field at H. A. Chapman Stadium Skelly Field at H. A. Chapman Stadium (often shortened to HA Chapman Stadium) is a football stadium located on the campus of the University of Tulsa in Tulsa, Oklahoma. It is primarily the home of the Tulsa Golden Hurricane football team. The stadium currently seats 30,000.

neg: King Field, Minneapolis King Field (alternately, Kingfield) is a neighborhood in the Southwest community in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Its boundaries are 36th Street to the north, Interstate 35W to the east, 46th Street to the south, and Lyndale Avenue to the west. King Field, within the King Field neighborhood is a park named after Dr. Martin Luther King.

neg: Folsom Field Folsom Field is an outdoor football stadium in the western United States, located on the campus of the University of Colorado in Boulder. It is the home field of the Colorado Buffaloes of the Pac-12 Conference.

neg: Yale Field Yale Field is a stadium in West Haven, Connecticut, just across the city line with New Haven, Connecticut. It is primarily used for the Yale University baseball team, the Bulldogs, and, until 2007 was also the home field of the New Haven County Cutters Canadian-American Association of Professional Baseball minor league baseball team. Yale's baseball team has played continuously at the same site since 1885 while the field was constructed and opened in April 1928. It holds 5,000 people.

neg: Stumpf Field Stumpf Field is a baseball-only stadium in Manheim Township, Pennsylvania that opened in 1938. It was built as the home of the Lancaster Red Roses baseball team, who played in the Interstate, Piedmont, and Eastern Leagues through 1961. The ballpark is now used for intramural and high school baseball. This field was donated to the Red Rose players by John G. Stumpf, owner of Stumpf Oil among other foundations and monuments throughout Lancaster County.

neg: Memorial Stadium (Lincoln) Memorial Stadium is located on the campus of the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in Lincoln, Nebraska, United States. It is the home of the Nebraska Cornhuskers football team.

neg: Milwaukee County Stadium Milwaukee County Stadium (mainly known simply as County Stadium locally) was a multi-purpose stadium in the north central United States, located in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Opened in 1953, it was primarily a baseball park for the major league Milwaukee Braves and Brewers. It was also used for football games, ice skating, religious services, concerts, and other large events. Its final season was in 2000, when it was replaced by the adjacent Miller Park.

neg: Martin Field Airport (Alaska) Martin Field (FAA LID: AK92) is a private airport located 4 miles northeast of the central business district (CBD) of Palmer, Alaska, USA.

neg: Comerica Park Comerica Park is an open-air ballpark located in Downtown Detroit. It serves as the home of the Detroit Tigers of Major League Baseball, replacing Tiger Stadium in 2000.

neg: Wiggly Field Wiggly Field is a dog park on the north side of Chicago, Illinois. It was established in 1997 and was Chicago's "first official dog exercise and play area". The informal name "Wiggly Field" is a play on words for the nearby historic baseball stadium, Wrigley Field. (The dog park is not, in fact, a field.)

neg: Phillips Field (Florida) Phillips Field was a medium-sized stadium (maximum capacity approximately 20,000) located on the west bank of the Hillsborough River across from downtown Tampa, immediately adjacent to the University of Tampa. It opened on October 4, 1937, and served as the home for the University of Tampa's football team from 1937 to 1967. The facility was named for local businessman I. W. Phillips, who donated the land to the school so that the Spartans would not have to share nearby Plant Field, which was often unavailable due to its use for many different sports and community events.

neg: Stoll Field/McLean Stadium Stoll Field/McLean Stadium was a multi-purpose stadium in Lexington, Kentucky, United States. It was the home of the University of Kentucky Wildcats football team. The field has been in use since 1880, but the concrete stands were opened in October 1916, and closed following the 1972 season. The stadium was replaced by Kroger Field, which opened in 1973 as Commonwealth Stadium. Memorial Coliseum is located across the street from the site.

neg: Griffith Stadium Griffith Stadium was a sports stadium that stood in Washington, D.C., from 1911 to 1965, between Georgia Avenue and 5th Street, and between W Street and Florida Avenue NW.


query: Which genus has a smaller distribution, Barklya or Illicium?

pos: Barklya Barklya is a genus of Australian trees in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the subfamily Caesalpinioideae. The sole species is Barklya syringifolia, commonly known as the leather jacket or crown of gold tree. It grows in rainforest to 18 metres tall. Recorded from Queensland and New South Wales in vine forest and softwood scrub. It is often used as an ornamental. It may be extinct in New South Wales.

pos: Illicium Illicium is a genus of flowering plants treated as part of the family Schisandraceae, or alternately as the sole genus of the Illiciaceae. It has a disjunct distribution, with most species native to eastern Asia and several in parts of North America, including the southeastern United States, Mexico, and the Caribbean. General common names include star anise and anisetree. The genus name comes from the Latin "illicere" ("to allure").

neg: Tillandsioideae Tillandsioideae is a subfamily of plants in the bromeliad family Bromeliaceae. This group contains the fewest genera (9) but the greatest number of species (1,277). Most are epiphytic or lithophytic, growing in trees or on rocks where they absorb water and nutrients from the air. Spanish moss of the "Tillandsia" genus is a well-known variety. Bromeliads in the genera "Guzmania" and "Vriesia" are the more commonly cultivated members of this subfamily.

neg: Wrightia tinctoria Wrightia tinctoria, Pala indigo plant or dyers’s oleander, (Malayalam : ദന്തപ്പാല) is a flowering plant species in the genus "Wrightia" found in India, southeast Asia and Australia. It is found in dry and moist regions in its distribution. Various parts of the plant have medicinal properties.

neg: Stylidium graminifolium Stylidium graminifolium, the grass triggerplant, is a dicotyledonous plant that belongs to the genus "Stylidium" (family Stylidiaceae). This species used to belong to the "Stylidium graminifolium" complex, but the name was conserved for this single species when two others were split from the complex and introduced as new species in 2001. "S. graminifolium" is endemic to Australia and is one of the "Stylidium" species with the widest distribution throughout Australia. It is a perennial plant with grass-like leaves and is easily cultivated. It has been considered to be a carnivorous or protocarnivorous plant because it possesses glandular trichomes underneath the flowers that can trap and digest prey.

neg: Otonephelium Otonephelium is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Sapindaceae, native to southern India. The sole species is Otonephelium stipulaceum. The genus is closely related to "Litchi" and "Dimocarpus".

neg: Sigilliclystis Sigilliclystis is a genus of moth in the family Geometridae.

neg: Thelymitra Thelymitra, commonly known as sun orchids, is a genus of more than 100 species of plants in the orchid family, Orchidaceae. Unlike most other orchids, sun orchids lack a highly modified labellum and all three petals are similar in size, shape and colour. The column is, however highly modified and usually has prominent wings or glands which are helpful in identifying the species. Most sun orchids close their flowers at night, in cloudy or cool weather, giving rise to their common name. The scientific name means "woman's hood" and refers to the hooded column present in most, but not all species. Most species are endemic to Australia although some are found as far from there as the Philippines and Indonesia. The type species, "Thelymitra longifolia", the first to be formally described, was collected in New Zealand.

neg: Smilacaceae Smilacaceae, the greenbrier family, is a family of flowering plants. Up to some decades ago the genera now included in family Smilacaceae were often assigned to a more broadly defined family Liliaceae, but for the past twenty to thirty years most botanists have accepted Smilacaceae as a distinct family. It is considered that the two families evolved around 55 millions years ago during the Early Paleogene possibly near the boundary between Paleocene and Eocene. One characteristic that distinguishes Smilacaceae from most of the other members of the Liliaceae-like Liliales is that it has true vessels in its conducting tissue. Another is that the veins of the leaves, between major veins, are reticulate (net-shaped), rather than parallel as in most monocots.

neg: Thelymitrinae Thelymitrinae is an orchid subtribe in the tribe Diurideae.

neg: Disinae Disinae is a subtribe of orchids that has been differently defined and placed in the two classification systems that are currently in use for orchids. "Genera Orchidacearum", which is currently the definitive work on orchid taxonomy, delimits Disinae as consisting of two closely related genera, "Disa" and "Schizodium", and it places Disinae in the mostly African tribe Diseae, along with four other subtribes: Brownleeinae, Huttonaeinae, Coryciinae, and Satyriinae. In the classification for orchids that was published by Chase et alii in 2015, "Schizodium" was placed in synonymy under "Disa", while "Pachites" and "Huttonaea" were transferred to Disinae. In "Genera Orchidacearum", "Pachites" and "Satyrium" form the subtribe Satyriinae, and "Huttonaea" is the sole genus in the subtribe Huttonaeinae. The transfer of "Pachites" and "Huttonaea" to Disinae by Chase et alii (2015) was done with considerable doubt, and was based upon uncertainty about the relationships of these two genera. In 2009, a molecular phylogenetic study found only weak statistical support for a sister relationship between "Huttonaea" and "Disa".

neg: Heterudea illustralis Heterudea illustralis is a moth in the Crambidae family. It was described by Paul Dognin in 1905. It is found in Loja Province, Ecuador. It is known to have a short lifespan.

neg: Illidgea Illidgea is a genus of moths of the Xyloryctidae family.

neg: Psychotria Psychotria is a genus of flowering plants in the Rubiaceae family. It contains around 1,850 species and is therefore one of the largest genera of flowering plants. The genus has a pantropical distribution and members of the genus are small understorey trees in tropical forests. Some species are endangered or facing extinction due to deforestation, especially species of central Africa and the Pacific.

neg: Illex Illex, commonly known as shortfin squids, is a squid genus in the family Ommastrephidae and the only member of the subfamily Illicinae. It contains four species:

neg: Galenia Galenia is a genus of low growing perennial herbs in the family Aizoaceae. The genus is endemic to southern Africa.

neg: Ahilya Ahilya is a genus of Ichneumon wasps in the subfamily Gelinae, tribe Cryptini and subtribe Gabuniina. Species have an Oriental distribution.

neg: Tomicini Tomicini are a tribe of bark beetles, highly specialized weevils of the subfamily Scolytinae. They belong to the group of tribes around the Hylesinini, which are all included in these by some authors. In this case, the Tomicini become a subtribe Tomicina.

neg: Olmediella Olmediella is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the willow family, Salicaceae. It consists of one species of trees: Olmediella betschleriana, which is native to Central America. Formerly placed in the heterogeneous family Flacourtiaceae, "Olmediella" is now classified in Salicaceae, along with close relatives "Bennettiodendron", "Carrierea", "Idesia", "Itoa", "Macrohasseltia", "Poliothyrsis", and even the willows ("Salix") and cottonwoods ("Populus") themselves.

neg: Sphaeranthus indicus Sphaeranthus indicus is a flowering plant of the genus "Sphaeranthus". It is distributed throughout India and has been studied for its potential health-promoting properties, primarily as an anti-inflammatory. Sphaeranthus indicus Linn. (Asteraceae) is widely used in "Ayurvedic" system of medicine in various conditions like epilepsy, mental illness, hemicrania, jaundice, hepatopathy, diabetes, leprosy, fever, pectoralgia, cough, gastropathy, hernia, hemorrhoids, helminthiasis, dyspepsia and skin diseases. In different parts of India "Sphaeranthus indicus" is known by different common names as below.

neg: Protocalicium Protocalicium is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the class is unknown ("incertae sedis"), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Protocalicium jaczevskii.

neg: Ptychopetalum Ptychopetalum is a genus of two species of flowering plants in the family Olacaceae (not to be confused with the Oleaceae or olive family), native to the Amazon rainforest. The indigenous name for the genus is Muira Puama, "potency wood". The species are shrubs or small trees growing to about 14 feet in height. Its leaves are short-petioled, up to 3 inches in length and 2 inches in breadth light green on upper surface, dark brown on lower surface. The inflorescences consist of short axillary racemes of 4 to 6 flowers each. The root is strongly tough and fibrous, internally light brown with thin bark and broad wood, has a faint odor, and tastes slightly saline and acrid.


query: N' My Neighborhood is an album by a rapper who was born in what year?

pos: N' My Neighborhood N' My Neighborhood is the fifth studio album by American rapper MC Eiht, released June 20, 2000 on Hoo-Bangin' Records and Priority Records. The album was produced by Caviar, DJ Raw Steele, DJ Slip, MC Eiht, Overdose, Young Tre and Binky Mack of Allfrumtha I. It peaked at number 23 on the "Billboard" Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums and at number 95 on the "Billboard" 200. The album features guest performances by Mack 10, Techniec and fellow Compton's Most Wanted members: Boom Bam and Tha Chill. It sold over 300,000 copies, which was great considering the album had little promotion.

pos: MC Eiht Aaron Tyler (born May 22, 1967), better known by his stage name MC Eiht, is an American rapper born in Augusta, Georgia. Many of his songs are based on his life in Compton. His stage name was partly inspired by the numeral in KRS-One's name. He chose Eiht for its links to "hood culture", including Olde English 800 (8 Ball) and .38 caliber firearms. He is the "de facto" leader of West Coast hip hop group Compton's Most Wanted, which also included fellow Compton-based rappers Boom Bam, Tha Chill, DJ Mike T, DJ Slip and Ant Capone. He is also known for his role as A-Wax in the 1993 film "Menace II Society".

neg: Mr. Porter Denaun Porter (born December 7, 1978), also known by the stage names Mr. Porter and Kon Artis, is an American rapper and record producer. He was best known as a member of Detroit rap group D12, until his departure in 2012, to focus on his solo career as a producer and rapper. In 2014 he rejoined D12 and was featured on the "Shady XV" album.

neg: Reek da Villian Tariek Williams (born April 4, 1987), better known as Reek da Villian, is an American rapper from Roosevelt, Long Island, New York. He embarked on his career as the protégé of fellow Long Island rapper Busta Rhymes and as a member of the East Coast hip hop group Flipmode Squad.

neg: Kid Sensation Stephen Spence (born 1971), best known by his stage name Kid Sensation, is an American rapper. Born and raised in Seattle, Washington, Spence made his debut as a guest rapper featured on Sir Mix-A-Lot's album Swass, where he appeared on the tracks "Rippin'" and "Square Dance Rap"

neg: Koncept Keith Michael Whitehead (born October 10, 1985 in Queens, New York City, United States), popularly known by his stage name Koncept is an American rapper, emcee and songwriter. A former employee at Fat Beats, Koncept started out drawing graffiti and also had a short stint as a DJ before he went on to start writing songs and doing freestyles until he released his first EP in 2010 titled "Playing Life". In 2012, he had his first break with his debut solo album titled "Awaken" which featured guest appearances from Soul Khan, Homeboy Sandman, Royce da 5'9" and Sene with production credits from J57 and Marco Polo. In 2015, he collaborated with J57 to release an EP titled "The Fuel" which had its fair share of positive review from notable magazines including "Respect Magazine", "DJ Booth", "HipHopDX" and "The Source".

neg: Pacewon Pacewon (born Jerome Derek Hinds, Jr.) is an American rapper and producer. He rose to fame in the late 90s as one of the prominent and founding members of the rap group Outsidaz along with fellow rappers Young Zee, D.U., Slang Ton, Az-Izz, Loon, Axe, Yah Yah, Rah Digga and others. The group would later make Detroit rappers Eminem and Bizarre of D12 honorary members of the group after they collaborated with members of the group.

neg: Mister You Younès Latifi (Arabic: يونس لطيفي  ; ] ; born 5 February 1984), better known by his stage name Mister You (] ), is a French rapper known for his freestyles.

neg: Smitty Varick D. Smith, better known as Smitty, is an American rapper and hip-hop ghostwriter from Little Haiti, a neighborhood in Miami, Florida.

neg: The D.O.C. Tracy Lynn Curry (born June 10, 1968), better known by his stage name The D.O.C., is an American rapper from Dallas. In addition to a solo career, he was a member of the hip hop group Fila Fresh Crew and later collaborated with gangsta rap group N.W.A, where he co-wrote many of their releases as well as Eazy-E's solo debut album "Eazy-Duz-It". He has also worked with Dr. Dre, who is one of the founding members of N.W.A and produced two of his solo albums.

neg: Nosson Zand Nathan Issac Zand (born December 11, 1981), also known as Nosson Zand, is an American Chasidic rapper from Boston, Massachusetts.

neg: Styles P David Styles (born November 28, 1974), better known by his stage name, Styles P, is an American rapper, author, and entrepreneur. He is prominently known as a member of Hip Hop group The Lox, founder of D-Block Records and is also a part of the Ruff Ryders hip-hop group, and in addition has released multiple albums and mixtapes as a solo MC. In 2002, he released his debut album "A Gangster and a Gentleman". He went on to release "Time is Money" (2006), "Super Gangster (Extraordinary Gentleman)" (2007), "Master of Ceremonies" (2011), "The World's Most Hardest MC Project" (2012), "Float" (2013), "Phantom and the Ghost" (2014), and "A Wise Guy and a Wise Guy" (2015).

neg: Tone Lōc Anthony Terrell Smith (born March 3, 1966), better known by his stage name Tone Lōc or Tone-Lōc , is an American rapper and actor. He is best known for his hit songs "Wild Thing" and "Funky Cold Medina".

neg: Keith James Keith Eric James (born February 4, 1987), formerly of the stage name "Marcus Fench" is an American record producer, singer, songwriter and rapper from Chicago, Illinois. He is a frequent collaborator of fellow Chicago singer Jeremih and has worked with various artists such as 50 Cent, Ne-Yo, Nicki Minaj and Wale.

neg: Smino Christopher Smith Jr (born October 2, 1991), better known by his stage name, Smino, is an American rapper from St. Louis, Missouri. In 2015, he released two EPs: "S!Ck S!Ck S!Ck" and "blkjuptr". His debut album, "blkswn" was released on March 14, 2017.

neg: Afroman Joseph Edgar Foreman (born July 28, 1974), better known by his stage name Afroman, is an American rapper and musician. He is best known for the hit single "Because I Got High". He was nominated for a Grammy award in 2002.

neg: Mick Luter Milton W. Luter (born 1978), better known by the stage name Mick Luter, is an American rapper based in Chicago, Illinois.

neg: Young M.A Katorah Marrero (born April 3, 1992), better known by her stage name Young M.A, is an American rapper. She is best known for her 2016 hit single "Ooouuu".

neg: Melvin Bliss Melvin McClelland (June 1, 1945-July 26, 2010) was a rhythm and blues singer known for his 1973 song "Reward/Synthetic Substitution", the B-Side of which was heavily sampled in at least 94 hip hop songs such as "Real Niggaz Don't Die" and Alwayz into Somethin' by N.W.A, O.G. Original Gangster by Ice-T, O.P.P. by Naughty by Nature and more recently "My Life" by 50 Cent, Eminem and Adam Levine.

neg: Blu (rapper) John Barnes III was born on April 15, 1983, in Los Angeles, California. He was introduced to Hip Hop through his father, who gave him LL Cool J, Fat Boys, Kool Moe Dee, Ice-T, Too Short, 2 Pac, and Geto Boys tapes as a young kid. His parents split when he was 6, and his stepfather was a pastor who restricted him from listening to hip hop and secular music. He sang in the church choir and the choir in school. His cousin wrote his first rap when he was 13, which they incorporated in their dance routines that they did all over the neighborhoods. In High School, Blu moved to San Pedro where he began freestyle rapping in ciphers, making karaoke mixtapes, and battling rival crews. He broke his ankle in 12th grade and dropped out shortly after he realized he would not be able to play basketball the rest of the season and many of his friends were killed in gang wars. Blu kept rapping while maintaining odd jobs like selling shoes, warehouse work, and doing lights for movie sets.

neg: J. Cole Jermaine Lamarr Cole (born January 28, 1985), better known by his stage name J. Cole, is an American hip hop recording artist and record producer. Raised in Fayetteville, North Carolina, Cole initially gained recognition as a rapper following the release of his debut mixtape, "The Come Up", in early 2007. Intent on further pursuing a solo career as a rapper, he went on to release two additional mixtapes after signing to Jay Z's Roc Nation imprint in 2009.

neg: Tha Realest Jevon Jones (born October 11, 1973) is an American rapper better known by his stage name Tha Realest, and formerly Tenkamenin The Vigilante (or simply Tenkamenin). His debut album, "Witness Tha Realest", was released on July 14, 2009, following numerous delays. Tha Realest is also known, often in a negative light, for his strikingly similar voice to deceased rapper and former label-mate, Tupac Shakur. Tha Realest is also a member of The Regime.


query: Who was the founding owner of the Pittsburgh Steelers whose son spearheaded a requirement known as the "Rooney Rule?"

pos: Dan Rooney Daniel Milton Rooney (July 20, 1932 – April 13, 2017) was chairman of the Pittsburgh Steelers, an American football team in the National Football League (NFL), and son of the Steelers' founder, Art Rooney. Dan Rooney was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2000 for his contributions to the game. He was credited with spearheading a requirement that NFL teams with head coach and general manager vacancies interview at least one minority candidate, which has become known as the "Rooney Rule".

pos: Art Rooney Arthur Joseph Rooney Sr. (January 27, 1901 – August 25, 1988), often referred to as "The Chief", was the founding owner of the Pittsburgh Steelers, an American football franchise in the National Football League (NFL), from 1933 until his death. Rooney is a member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame, was an Olympic qualifying boxer, and was part or whole owner in several track sport venues and Pittsburgh area pro teams. He was the first president of the Pittsburgh Steelers from 1933 to 1974, and the first chairman of the team from 1933 to 1988.

neg: Pete Rozelle Alvin Ray "Pete" Rozelle ( ; March 1, 1926 – December 6, 1996) was the commissioner of the National Football League for nearly thirty years, from January 1960 to November 1989, when he retired from office. He is credited with making the NFL into one of the most successful sports leagues in the world.

neg: Joe Robbie Joseph "Joe" Robbie (July 7, 1916 – January 7, 1990) was an American attorney, politician, and the principle founder of the Miami Dolphins.

neg: Bill Bidwill William V. Bidwill Sr. (born July 31, 1931) is the principal owner and chairman of the board of the Arizona Cardinals of the National Football League (NFL). He was co-owner from 1962 for ten seasons with his brother Charles Jr. and has been sole owner since 1972.

neg: Art Rooney Pace The Art Rooney Pace is an American harness racing event for three-year-old standardbred pacers run each year at Yonkers Raceway with the exception of 2006 when it was hosted by Monticello Raceway. First run in 1989, it is named in honor of Art Rooney (1901-1988), owner of several racetracks, including Yonkers, plus the Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League.

neg: Jack Cusack Jack Cusack (November 17, 1890 – 1973) was one of the prominent early figures in professional football in Ohio. At the age of twenty-one, Cusack became the manager and owner of the Canton Bulldogs, one of the leading teams of the day. During his six years with the Canton Bulldogs, Cusack led the team to Ohio League championships, in 1916 and 1917, and was responsible for bringing Jim Thorpe into professional football. Cusack also is responsible for helping revive the Bulldogs following the Canton Bulldogs-Massillon Tigers Betting Scandal, which eroded public support for the game from 1906 until 1911. He also ensured that the Bulldogs had a sturdy financial foundation for when they would later enter the National Football League. In 1918, Cusack left football to enter the oil and gasoline business in Oklahoma. He later worked as an independent oil operator in Fort Worth, Texas.

neg: Philadelphia Spartans The Philadelphia Spartans were a soccer team based out of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania that played in the non-FIFA sanctioned National Professional Soccer League (NPSL). They played their only season of existence at Temple Stadium in North Philadelphia. The team was owned by Pittsburgh Steelers owner Art Rooney. The team colors were maroon and gold.

neg: Rhode Island Steelers The Rhode Island Steelers were a minor league American football team based in Pawtucket, Rhode Island. They began play in the Atlantic Coast Football League in 1966 as a minor league affiliate of the NFL's Pittsburgh Steelers. Within weeks of the team's formation was announced, they selected former Pittsburgh Steelers/Dallas Cowboys running back Ray Mathews as head coach.

neg: Chet Simmons Chester Robert "Chet" Simmons (July 11, 1928 – March 25, 2010) was a television executive. He worked at ABC Sports, NBC Sports and ESPN, and was the first Commissioner of the USFL. From 1957 to 1964, he helped build ABC Sports into a leader in sports programming and was a key part of the development of "Wide World of Sports". He joined NBC Sports in 1964 where he stayed for 15 years becoming the first President in 1977. At NBC, he pioneered instant replay and coverage of the Olympics and NCAA Men's Basketball Final Four. In 1979, he left NBC to join the soon to launch ESPN becoming its second President. At ESPN, he oversaw the launch of the Network, the development of "SportsCenter", the first broadcasts of the NFL Draft, coverage of the early rounds of the NCAA Men's Basketball Final Four and the development of Chris Berman, Bob Ley, George Grande, Greg Gumbel and Dick Vitale. In 1982, he became the first Commissioner of the United States Football League and led it through three Championships and players including Herschel Walker, Jim Kelly, Reggie White, Steve Young and Anthony Carter.

neg: Gus Rooney Augustine Joseph "Gus" Rooney was an American sportswriter, baseball umpire, football referee, and sports announcer.

neg: Dick Haley George Richard Haley, Jr. (born October 2, 1937 in Midway, Pennsylvania) is a former American football cornerback in the National Football League for the Washington Redskins, the Minnesota Vikings, and the Pittsburgh Steelers. He played college football at the University of Pittsburgh and was drafted in the ninth round of the 1959 NFL Draft.

neg: John Steigerwald John Steigerwald (born October 3, 1948), is a Pittsburgh-based sports reporter, commentator, and former sports anchor and second oldest member of the Steigerwald media family that includes his older brother Bill and younger brothers Paul Steigerwald and rock guitarist Dan Steigerwald. John worked on the sports anchor team at WTAE-TV (ABC), along with other Pittsburgh notables such as Myron Cope and Bill Hillgrove. He later moved to KDKA-TV (CBS) in 1985 and was an anchor and primary Pittsburgh Steelers reporter for 30 years. KDKA chose not to renew his contract in 2007. Until 2015 he was a "Sports Talk" host on the radio website of the Pittsburgh Tribune-Review. He writes a weekly column for The Daily Caller and his web site is JustWatchtheGame.com. John's brother Bill Steigerwald is an ex-newspaperman and book author ("30 Days a Black Man" and "Dogging Steinbeck") who worked at the Los Angeles Times in the 1980s, the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette in the 1990s and the Pittsburgh Tribune-Review in the 2000s. Paul Steigerwald, a former KDKA-TV sports reporter, is the Pittsburgh Penguins television play-by-play announcer.

neg: Pennsylvania Polka The Pennsylvania Polka refers to a series of moves affecting the Philadelphia Eagles and Pittsburgh Steelers franchises in the National Football League (NFL) from 1940–1941. The name derives from a popular song composed by Zeke Manners and introduced in 1942 by The Andrews Sisters in their film "Give Out, Sisters".

neg: Ed Michaels Edward Joseph Michaels (born Mikolajewski) (June 11, 1914 – January 21, 1976) was an American football guard in the National Football League (NFL) for the Chicago Bears, the Washington Redskins, and the Philadelphia Eagles. Michaels also played on the "Steagles", a merged team consisting of the Eagles and Pittsburgh Steelers in 1943. The team was the result of a league-wide manning shortage brought on by World War II. Many of the "Steagles" players were labeled 4-F's, those deemed physically unfit due to ailments such as ulcers, flat feet and even partial blindness. Michaels was labeled a 4F because he was nearly deaf.

neg: Ted Stepien Theodore J. "Ted" Stepien (June 9, 1925 – September 10, 2007) was an American businessman who owned the Cleveland Cavaliers of the National Basketball Association (NBA) from 1980 to 1983. Born in Pittsburgh in 1925, he became wealthy as the founder of Nationwide Advertising Service and purchased an interest in the Cavaliers on April 12, 1980. His tenure as owner of the Cavs was highly controversial, resulting in multiple coaching changes and poor performances by the team, and his management decisions ultimately led the NBA to create what is known as the "Ted Stepien rule" to restrict how teams can trade draft picks. A December 6, 1982 article in "The New York Times" described the Cavaliers during Stepien's ownership as "the worst club and most poorly run franchise in professional basketball." After selling his interest in the Cavaliers in 1983, he continued to be involved in professional basketball, owning teams in the Continental Basketball Association and the Global Basketball Association. Later in life he founded the United Pro Basketball League, along other business ventures in the Cleveland area. He died in 2007.

neg: Alan Rothenberg Alan I. Rothenberg (born April 10, 1939) is an American lawyer and sports executive. He is known for his contributions to and influence on the growth of soccer in the United States. He is the namesake of the Alan I. Rothenberg Trophy, which was awarded annually to the winner of the MLS Cup from 1996 to 1999. Rothenberg was president of U.S. Soccer (the governing body of American soccer) during the 1990s and oversaw the 1994 FIFA World Cup in the United States and the establishment of Major League Soccer in 1996.

neg: Foolish Club The Foolish Club was the self-imposed name taken by the owners of the eight original franchises of the American Football League (AFL). When Texas oil magnates Lamar Hunt and Bud Adams, Jr. were refused entry to the established NFL in 1959, they contacted other businessmen to form an eight-team professional football league, and called it the American Football League. Though Max Winter had originally committed to fielding a Minneapolis team, he reneged when lured away by the NFL; Winter's group instead joined the NFL as the Minnesota Vikings in 1961 (the Minneapolis AFL franchise only went as far as participating in the 1960 American Football League Draft and never actually fielded a team). Hunt owned the Dallas Texans (now the Kansas City Chiefs), while the Houston Oilers (now the Tennessee Titans) were Adams' franchise. The other six members of the ""Original Eight"" were Harry Wismer (New York Titans, now the New York Jets), Bob Howsam (Denver Broncos), Barron Hilton (Los Angeles Chargers), Ralph C. Wilson, Jr. (Buffalo Bills), Billy Sullivan (Boston Patriots, now the New England Patriots), and a group of eight investors led primarily by F. Wayne Valley and, briefly, Chet Soda (Oakland Raiders, who replaced the Vikings). They called themselves the "Foolish Club" because of their seemingly foolhardy venture in taking on the established NFL.

neg: Joe Rooney (American football) Joseph Patrick Rooney (August 28, 1898 – March 4, 1979) was a professional football player from Ottawa, Ontario. After attending high school in Virginia, Minnesota, Rooney made his professional debut in the early years of National Football League in 1923 with the Duluth Kelleys. He played for the Kelleys, Duluth Eskimos, Chicago Cardinals, Pottsville Maroons and Rock Island Independents during his 7-year career.

neg: 1994 Pittsburgh Steelers season The Pittsburgh Steelers season was the franchise's 62nd season as a professional sports franchise and as a member of the National Football League.

neg: William Clay Ford Sr. William Clay Ford Sr. (March 14, 1925 – March 9, 2014) was the youngest child of Edsel Ford and was the last surviving grandchild of Henry Ford. Ford served on the boards of Ford Motor Company and the Edison Institute. Ford owned the Detroit Lions National Football League (NFL) franchise.

neg: John Perko John Joseph Perko (February 20, 1914 – May 8, 1973) was a professional football player for eight seasons in the National Football League. He played for Pittsburgh Pirates-Steelers his entire career. In 1944, he also played on the Steelers-Chicago Cardinals merged team, "Card-Pitt". Prior to playing professional football, Perko played at the college level while attending Duquesne University.


query: Charles Leffingwell Bartlett, won the Pulitzer Prize, in which year, for National Reporting "for his original disclosures that led to the resignation of Harold E. Talbott as Secretary of the Air Force."?

pos: Charles L. Bartlett (journalist) Charles Leffingwell Bartlett (August 14, 1921 – February 17, 2017) won the 1956 Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting "for his original disclosures that led to the resignation of Harold E. Talbott as Secretary of the Air Force."

pos: Harold E. Talbott Harold Elstner Talbott, Jr. (March 31, 1888 – March 2, 1957) was the third United States Secretary of the Air Force.

neg: Harold Hering Harold L. Hering (born 1936) is a former officer of the United States Air Force, who was discharged in 1973 for questioning the process for launching nuclear missiles.

neg: Richard C. Henry Richard Charles Henry (born December 17, 1925) was a lieutenant general in the United States Air Force who served as commander of the Space Division, Air Force Systems Command, Los Angeles Air Force Station, Calif. He also serves as vice commander of Space Command and as the Department of Defense manager for the National Space Transportation System.

neg: Energy Task Force The Energy Task Force, officially the National Energy Policy Development Group (NEPDG), was a task force created by then-U.S. President George W. Bush in 2001 during his second week in office. Vice President Dick Cheney was named chairman. This group's stated objective was to “develop a national energy policy designed to help the private sector, and, as necessary and appropriate, State and local governments, promote dependable, affordable, and environmentally sound production and distribution of energy for the future." The final report was released on May 16, 2001.

neg: The Making of the President, 1960 The Making of the President, 1960, written by journalist Theodore White and published by Atheneum Publishers in 1961, is a book that recounts and analyzes the 1960 election in which John F. Kennedy was elected President of the United States. The book won the 1962 Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction and was the first in a series of books by White about American presidential elections. (The others are "The Making of the President, 1964" (1965), "The Making of the President, 1968" (1969), and

neg: William Hawthorn Lynch William Hawthorn Lynch, Sr., known as Bill Lynch (April 16, 1929 – February 15, 2004), was an American journalist who served as the first Inspector General of the U.S. state of Louisiana, a position which involves investigations into corruption, misuse of state property, and governmental inefficiency.

neg: Brian Lamb Brian Patrick Lamb ( ; born October 9, 1941) is an American journalist and the founder, executive chairman, and now retired CEO of C-SPAN; an American cable network which provides coverage of the U.S. House of Representatives and U.S. Senate as well as other public affairs events. Prior to launching C-SPAN in 1979, Lamb held various communications roles including White House telecommunications policy staffer and Washington bureau chief for "Cablevision" magazine. He also served as a commissioned officer in the United States Navy for four years. Lamb has conducted thousands of interviews in his lifetime, including those on C-SPAN's "Booknotes" and "Q&A", and is known for his unique interview style, focusing on short, direct questions. Over the course of his career Lamb has received numerous honors and awards including the Presidential Medal of Freedom and the National Humanities Medal.

neg: Twenty-Fifth Air Force Twenty-Fifth Air Force (25 AF), also known as Air Force Intelligence is a numbered air force (NAF) within the United States Air Force (USAF), and serves as the Air Force's premier military intelligence organization. 25 AF was established on 29 September 2014 by redesignating the Air Force Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Agency (a field operating agency) under Headquarters, United States Air Force, to a numbered air force aligned under Air Combat Command. USAF also realigned the 9th Reconnaissance Wing and the 55th Wing under the new NAF. It is headquartered at Lackland Air Force Base, Texas.

neg: Pulitzer Prize for Explanatory Reporting The Pulitzer Prize for Explanatory Reporting has been presented since 1998, for a distinguished example of explanatory reporting that illuminates a significant and complex subject, demonstrating mastery of the subject, lucid writing and clear presentation. From 1985 to 1997, it was known as the Pulitzer Prize for Explanatory Journalism.

neg: Air & Space/Smithsonian Air & Space/Smithsonian magazine is a bimonthly magazine put out by the National Air and Space Museum. Its first publishing was in April 1986. Because the museum is a part of the Smithsonian Institution, which puts out its own "Smithsonian" magazine, the magazine's full title is "Air & Space/Smithsonian". Therefore, the word "Smithsonian" appears on the cover, just beneath "AIR&SPACE", in a much smaller size.

neg: The Hutchinson News The Hutchinson News is a daily newspaper serving the city of Hutchinson, Kansas in the United States. The publication was awarded the 1965 Pulitzer Prize for Public Service "for its courageous and constructive campaign, culminating in 1964, to bring about more equitable reapportionment of the Kansas Legislature, despite powerful opposition in its own community."

neg: Winston P. Wilson Winston Peabody Wilson (November 11, 1911 – December 31, 1996) was a United States Air Force Major General who served as Chief of the National Guard Bureau.

neg: Roy Franklin Nichols Roy Franklin Nichols (March 3, 1896 – January 12, 1973) was an American historian, who won the 1949 Pulitzer Prize for History for "The Disruption of American Democracy".

neg: Marion L. Boswell Marion L. Boswell (October 1, 1923 – August 9, 2002) was an American Air Force lieutenant general who was assistant vice chief of staff, Headquarters U.S. Air Force, Washington, D.C., and also served as chairman and senior Air Force representative, United States Delegation to the Military Staff Committee, United Nations.

neg: Edwin Newman Edwin Harold Newman (January 25, 1919 – August 13, 2010) was an American newscaster, journalist, and author. After beginning his career with the wire services and serving in the U.S. Navy during World War II, Newman worked in radio for CBS News. He is known for a 23-year career in television news with the National Broadcasting Company, from 1961 to 1984.

neg: Marguerite Higgins Marguerite Higgins Hall (September 3, 1920January 3, 1966) was an American reporter and war correspondent. Higgins covered World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War, and in the process advanced the cause of equal access for female war correspondents. She had a long career with the New York Herald Tribune (1942-1963), and later, as a syndicated columnist for Newsday (1963-1965). She was the first woman to win a Pulitzer Prize for Foreign Correspondence awarded in 1951 for her coverage of the Korean War.

neg: Theodore H. White Theodore Harold White (, May 6, 1915 – May 15, 1986) was an American political journalist and historian, known for his wartime reporting from China and accounts of the 1960, 1964, 1968, 1972, 1976 and 1980 presidential elections.

neg: James G. Roche James Gerard Roche (born December 16, 1939) was the 20th Secretary of the Air Force, serving from January 20, 2001 to January 20, 2005. Prior to serving as secretary, Roche served in the United States Navy for 23 years, and as an executive with Northrop Grumman.

neg: National Security Action Memorandum 263 National Security Action Memorandum Number 263 (NSAM-263) was approved on 11 October 1963 by United States President John F. Kennedy. The NSAM approved recommendations by Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff General Maxwell Taylor. McNamara and Taylor's recommendations included an appraisal that "great progress" was being made in the Vietnam War against Viet Cong insurgents, that 1,000 military personnel could be withdrawn from South Vietnam by the end of 1963, and that a "major part of the U.S. military task can be completed by the end of 1965." The U.S. at this time had more than 16,000 military personnel in South Vietnam.

neg: Dudley E. Faver Major General Dudley Ervin Faver (August 17, 1916 – August 5, 2011) was a retired United States Air Force Major General who was director, Secretary of the Air Force Personnel Council, Washington, D.C.

neg: Nat Caldwell Nathan Green "Nat" Caldwell (July 16, 1912 – February 11, 1985) was an American journalist who spent fifty years on the staff of the "Nashville Tennessean". He was a co-winner of the Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting in 1962.


query: "Whenever God Shines His Light" is a song writen by a singer-songwriter who was knighted in what year ?

pos: Whenever God Shines His Light "Whenever God Shines His Light" is a song written by Northern Irish singer-songwriter Van Morrison and released on his 1989 album "Avalon Sunset" as a duet with Cliff Richard. Although the album was released in June 1989, this song was released as a single in November 1989 for the Christmas sales market. Morrison and Richard performed the duet on the British music chart television show, "Top of the Pops". The single charted at #20 on the UK Singles Chart and #3 on the Irish Singles Chart. Allmusic critic Jason Ankeny describes it as a "standout opener" to "Avalon Sunset". Critic Patrick Humphries describes it as "the most manifest example of Morrison's Christian commitment," claiming that although it "is not one of Morrison's most outstanding songs" it works as "a testament of faith."

pos: Van Morrison Sir George Ivan "Van" Morrison, OBE (born 31 August 1945) is a Northern Irish singer-songwriter, instrumentalist and producer. In 2016, he was knighted for his musical achievements and his services to tourism and charitable causes in Northern Ireland.

neg: Paul Rodgers Paul Bernard Rodgers (born 17 December 1949) is an English singer, songwriter and musician, best known for his success in the 1960s and 1970s as vocalist of Free and Bad Company. He now lives in Canada as a naturalized Canadian citizen. After stints in two less successful bands in the 1980s and early 1990s, The Firm and The Law, he became a solo artist. He has more recently toured and recorded with Queen. Rodgers has been dubbed "The Voice" by his fans. A poll in "Rolling Stone" magazine ranked him number 55 on its list of the "100 Greatest Singers of All Time". In 2011 Rodgers received the British Academy's Ivor Novello Award for Outstanding Contribution to British Music.

neg: Harvey Andrews Harvey John Andrews (born 7 May 1943 in Stechford, Birmingham) is an English singer-songwriter and poet.

neg: Panam Percy Paul Bakulipanam Percy Paul Mokungah, widely known by his stage name Panam Percy Paul, is a Nigerian gospel singer, songwriter and multi-instrumentalist whose musical career spans 40 years. He was born to major Paul Harley, an officer in the Nigerian Army, and composer Paulina Paul Mokungah in 1957. Both of his parents are of the Lutheran Church. Paul's kind of music is praise and worship styled in the feel of country music and African high life.

neg: Humphrey Clucas Humphrey Clucas (born 1941) is a British composer, singer and author.

neg: Gladys Moncrieff Gladys Moncrieff OBE (13 April 1892 – 8 February 1976) was an Australian singer who was so successful in musical theatre and recordings that she became known as 'Australia's Queen of Song' and 'Our Glad'.

neg: Don Black (lyricist) Don Black, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (born 21 June 1938) is an English lyricist. His works have included numerous musicals, movie themes and hit songs. He has provided lyrics for John Barry, Charles Strouse, Andrew Lloyd Webber, Quincy Jones, Lulu, Jule Styne, Henry Mancini, Michael Jackson, Elmer Bernstein, Michel Legrand, Hayley Westenra, A. R. Rahman, Marvin Hamlisch and Debbie Wiseman.

neg: Song Ong Siang Sir Ong-Siang Song () K.B.E., V.D., M.A., LL.M., was a lawyer and active citizen of the British Crown Colony of the Straits Settlements. He was a third-generation Straits Chinese or Peranakan Baba (Peranakan term for "man"), and the first ever Asian in Singapore to be knighted . Sir Song was noted for his worthy contributions to the development of the Singapore civil society, and was held in the highest esteem throughout the Colony.

neg: Warren Peace Geoffrey Alexander MacCormack, better known as Warren Peace ("war and peace"), is an English vocalist, composer and dancer best known for his work with David Bowie in the 1970s.

neg: White Light (George Michael song) "White Light" is a song by English singer George Michael. It was released to radio on 29 June 2012, in order to commemorate the 30-year anniversary since his first single (co-written by Andrew Ridgeley) entered the British charts in 1982. The song was inspired by Michael's illness in late 2011 with pneumonia and the resulting near-death experiences. The song received its debut live performance (alongside "Freedom! '90") at the 2012 Summer Olympics closing ceremony on 12 August 2012 and subsequently entered the UK Singles Chart at number 15. This was his final original song released before his death in December 2016. The song samples the BBC News theme tune.

neg: Vashti Bunyan Vashti Bunyan (born Jennifer Vashti Bunyan in 1945) is an English singer-songwriter.

neg: Joseph Philip Knight Joseph Philip Knight (Bradford-on-Avon, 6 July 1812–Great Yarmouth, 1 June 1887) was a British clergyman, singer and one of Britain's most popular song composers. He published over 200 songs, first under the name Philip Mortimer then under his own name.

neg: Prince (musician) Prince Rogers Nelson (June 7, 1958 – April 21, 2016) was an American singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and record producer. He was a musical innovator who was known for his eclectic work, flamboyant stage presence, extravagant dress and makeup, and wide vocal range. His music integrates a wide variety of styles, including funk, rock, R&B, new wave, soul, psychedelia, and pop. He has sold over 100 million records worldwide, making him one of the best-selling music artists of all time. He won seven Grammy Awards, an American Music Award, a Golden Globe Award, and an Academy Award for the film "Purple Rain". He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2004, his first year of eligibility.

neg: Richard Thompson (musician) Richard John Thompson, OBE (born 3 April 1949) is an English singer, songwriter, and guitarist.

neg: Freddie Mercury Farrokh "Freddie" Mercury (born Bulsara; 5 September 1946 – 24 November 1991) was a British singer, songwriter and record producer, known as the lead vocalist of the rock band Queen. He was known for his flamboyant stage persona and four-octave vocal range. Mercury wrote numerous hits for Queen, including "Bohemian Rhapsody", "Killer Queen", "Somebody to Love", "Don't Stop Me Now", "Crazy Little Thing Called Love", and "We Are the Champions". He led a solo career while performing with Queen, and occasionally served as a producer and guest musician for other artists.

neg: Richard Stilgoe Sir Richard Henry Simpson Stilgoe {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (born 28 March 1943) is a British songwriter, lyricist and musician, best known for his humorous songs and frequent television appearances. His output includes collaborations with Andrew Lloyd Webber and Peter Skellern.

neg: Jimmy Savile sexual abuse scandal Jimmy Savile (1926–2011) was an English DJ, television and radio personality who was well known in Britain for his eccentricities and, at the time of his death, was generally respected for his charitable work. He was knighted in 1990. In September and October 2012, almost a year after his death, claims were widely publicised that he had committed sexual abuse, his alleged victims ranging from prepubescent girls and boys to adults.

neg: Martin Fry Martin David Fry (born 9 March 1958) is an English singer, songwriter, composer, musician and record producer.

neg: Bryan Adams Bryan Guy Adams, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (born 5 November 1959) singer, songwriter, record producer, guitarist, photographer, philanthropist and activist.

neg: Gordon Cree Gordon Charles Cree BMus FGMS (born 14 July 1977, Irvine, North Ayrshire) is a Scottish entertainer, singer, pianist, organist, arranger, orchestrator, conductor and composer.

neg: The Mighty Pope The Mighty Pope (born Earle Heedram, October 23, 1945) is a Jamaican-Canadian singer.