query: What power is Achimede combined cycle power plant is using to convert the energy from sunlight into electricity using molten salt for heat and storage which is integrated with the combined cycle gas facility?

pos: Archimede combined cycle power plant Archimede combined cycle power plant (also known as Centrale a ciclo combinato Archimede, once Centrale Enel Priolo Gargallo) is an integrated solar combined cycle (ISCC) power generation plant at Priolo Gargallo near Syracuse in Sicily, Italy. The combine cycle section was inaugurated in 2003, and the solar field on 14 July 2010. The solar field is the first to use molten salt for heat transfer and storage which is integrated with the combined-cycle gas facility. It uses technology developed by ENEA and Archimede Solar Energy, a joint venture between Angelantoni Industrie and Siemens Energy. Archimede is owned and operated by Enel.

pos: Solar power Solar power is the conversion of energy from sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics (PV), indirectly using concentrated solar power, or a combination. Concentrated solar power systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. Photovoltaic cells convert light into an electric current using the photovoltaic effect.

neg: Martin Next Generation Solar Energy Center Martin Next Generation Solar Energy Center is the solar parabolic-trough component of an integrated solar combined cycle 1150 MW plant, in western Martin County, Florida, just north of Indiantown, built by Florida Power & Light Company (FPL). The ISCC plant is part of the Martin Plant site which consists of 5 units. Unit 1 & Unit 2 are 800 MW steam electric generating units that use natural gas and low-sulfur residual oil. Unit 3 & Unit 4 are 500 MW natural gas-fired combined cycle units. Unit 8 is a natural gas fired 4-on-1 combined cycle unit with a nominal capacity of 1150 MW. Light oil is used as backup. Unit 8, placed into commercial operation in 2005, is integrated with the solar plant. Unit 8 features four 170 MW gas turbines, one 470 MW steam turbine, and a single condenser and cooling tower

neg: Nooter/Eriksen Nooter Eriksen, also known as Nooter/Eriksen or N/E, is a supplier of heat recovery steam generators (boiler technology), which are mostly found in combined cycle gas turbine power stations (CCGTs). These are also found in combined heat and power (CHP) systems, which tend to have a much smaller power output than CCGT stations.

neg: Lolland Hydrogen Community Denmark's first full-scale wind-Hydrogen energy plant and testing facility, the Lolland Hydrogen Community, began operation in May 2007. It is also the European Union's first full-scale Hydrogen Community Demonstration facility for residential Fuel Cell Combined Heat and Power (CHP).

neg: Avedøre Power Station The Avedøre Power Station (Danish: "Avedøreværket" ) is a combined heat and power station, located in Avedøre, Denmark, just south of Copenhagen, and is owned by DONG Energy A/S. Avedøre Power Plant is a high-technology facility and one of the world's most efficient of its kind, being able to utilize as much as 94% of the energy in the fuel and convert 49% of the fuel energy into electricity. Apart from using coal, petroleum (oil) and natural gas, the plant runs on a wide variety of biomass fuels such as straw and wood pellets. The plant consists of two units with a total capacity of 793 MW of electricity and 918 MW of heat. The combination of producing electricity (combined heat and power) and heat for district heating at the same time is widely used in Denmark and the rest of Scandinavia, due to the need of domestic (and industrial) heating together with the Danish energy companies putting a big effort into optimising the energy plants.

neg: Solar power in Arizona Solar power in Arizona has the potential to, according to then-Governor Janet Napolitano, make Arizona "the Persian Gulf of solar energy". In 2012, Arizona had 1,106 MW of photovoltaic (PV) solar power systems, and 6 MW of concentrated solar power (CSP), bringing the total to over 1,112 megawatts (MW) of solar power. The Solana Generating Station is a 280 MW parabolic trough solar plant which is the largest plant of its type in the world. Solana includes 6 hours of power storage by molten salt. The plant will provide 5% of the power from Arizona Public Service, the state's largest utility.

neg: Hi-Gen Power Hi-Gen Power (former name: B9 Coal) is a London-based developer of projects combining underground coal gasification with carbon capture and storage and alkaline fuel cells. It was established in 2009 to commercialize alkaline fuel cells developed by the fuel cell manufacturer AFC Energy. It is affiliated with B9 Gas.

neg: Incineration Incineration is a waste treatment process that involves the combustion of organic substances contained in waste materials. Incineration and other high-temperature waste treatment systems are described as "thermal treatment". Incineration of waste materials converts the waste into ash, flue gas and heat. The ash is mostly formed by the inorganic constituents of the waste, and may take the form of solid lumps or particulates carried by the flue gas. The flue gases must be cleaned of gaseous and particulate pollutants before they are dispersed into the atmosphere. In some cases, the heat generated by incineration can be used to generate electric power.

neg: Combined Charging System The Combined Charging System is a quick charging method for battery electric vehicles delivering high-voltage direct current via a special electrical connector derived from the SAE J1772 (IEC Type 1) or IEC Type 2 connector. As the plug is a combination of an AC connector with a DC option the resulting connector is also called Combo Coupler and the variant with Type 2 is abbreviated as "Combo2".

neg: Millennium Power Plant The Millennium Power Plant is a 360 MW power plant located in Charlton, Massachusetts. It is a natural gas combined-cycle plant currently owned by Talen Energy and operated by Millennium Power Partners LP.

neg: Kannagawa Hydropower Plant The Kannagawa Hydropower Plant (神流川発電所) is an under construction pumped-storage hydroelectric power plant near Minamiaiki in Nagano Prefecture and Ueno in Gunma Prefecture, Japan. The power plant utilizes the Minamiaiki River along with an upper and lower reservoir created by two dams, the upper Minamiaiki Dam and the lower Ueno Dam. The power station in between the two dams will contain six 470 MW pump-generators for a total installed capacity of 2820 MW . Unit 1 commenced commercial operation in 2005 and Unit 2 in 2012. When completed, the plant will have the second-largest (after Bath County Pumped Storage Station) pumped-storage power capacity in the world.

neg: Power-to-Heat Power-to-Heat (abbr. "PtH" or "P2H)" is generally known as the intelligent transfer of electric energy into heat. This can be done through conventional electric heaters as well as heat pump systems. With PtH systems, the excess power generated primarily from renewable energy can be utilized. Hence fossil energy sources and emissions in the heating area could be saved. In contrast to simple electric heating systems such as night storage heating which covers the complete heating requirements, Power-to-Heat systems are hybrid systems, which additional have traditional heating systems using chemical fuels like wood or natural gas. When there are excess energy the heat production can result from electric energy otherwise the traditional heating system will be used. In order to increase flexibility power-to-heat systems are often coupled with heat accumulators. The power supply occurs for the most part in the local and district heating networks. Power-to-heat systems are also able to supply buildings or industrial systems with heat.

neg: Renewable energy in Seychelles Renewable energy in Seychelles is a recent development in providing power to the country. Electricity for the island nation of Seychelles is primarily produced by diesel generators which must import their fuel (69 MW on Mahe and 12 MW on Praslin). Energy policy calls for 15% renewables by 2030. In June 2013, the first wind farm in Seychelles was officially inaugurated. This 6 MW power plant can produce up to 2% of the Seychelles' power and is located on Mahé Island. It is expected that the wind farm will replace 1.6 million litres of diesel fuel. The wind farm is expected to generate 7GHw of electricity and the islands consume 350GHw of electricity per year. The project was developed by Masdar of Abu Dhabi. Unison of S. Korea manufactured and installed the wind farm, with a 2-year maintenance contract upon commissioning.

neg: Petrom Brazi Power Station The Petrom Brazi Power Station is one of the largest electricity producers in Romania, having 2 natural gas-fired groups of 430 MW each, totalling an installed capacity of 860 MW and an electricity generation capacity of around 6 TWh/year.

neg: Solar power in Algeria Algeria has the highest technical and economical potential for solar power exploitation in the MENA region, with about 170 TWh per year. First industrial scale solar thermal power project has been initiated by inauguration of Hassi R'Mel power station in 2011. This new hybrid power plant combines a 25-megawatt (MW) concentrating solar power array in conjunction with a 130 MW combined cycle gas turbine plant.

neg: Tejo Power Station operations The basic operation of a thermoelectric power station is quite simple: burning fuel to release heat that transforms water from a liquid state into steam. The steam is then responsible for driving a turbine activating the machine that generates electric power.

neg: Closed-cycle gas turbine A closed-cycle gas turbine is a turbine that uses a gas (e.g. air, nitrogen, helium, argon, etc.) for the working fluid as part of a closed thermodynamic system. Heat is supplied from an external source. Such recirculating turbines follow the Brayton cycle.

neg: Cimarron Solar Facility The Cimarron Solar Facility is a 37 megawatt (MW) (30 MW AC) photovoltaic solar generating facility in Colfax County, New Mexico, that uses thin film solar panels manufactured by First Solar.

neg: Solar energy conversion Solar Energy Conversion is a general concept in science and technology that covers all forms of technologies devoted to the transformation of solar energy to other (useful) forms of energy, including electricity, fuel, and heat. This term is widely used in current research and development to signify a broader range of light-harvesting technologies than traditional semiconductor photovoltaic devices (PVs), in particular also including emerging photovoltaics, as well as solar fuels generation via water splitting artificial photosynthesis and related forms of photocatalysis directed at the generation of energy rich molecules.

neg: Avče Pumped Storage Plant Avče Pumped Storage Plant (Slovene: "Črpalna Hidroelektrarna Avče" or ČHE Avče for short) is a pumped storage power plant near the village of Avče in West Slovenia. The power plant was built till June 2009 and was put to the commercial use in April 2010. The main building contractor was Primorje Ajdovščina. The powerplant has been the first of its kind in Slovenia.

neg: Turbine hall The turbine hall, generating hall or turbine building is a building or room in any steam cycle or hydroelectric power plant which houses a number of components vital to the generation of electricity from the steam that comes from the boiler, or from the water coming from the reservoir. The components in the turbine hall typically are the turbines and electric generators, and in the case of steam cycle plants, moisture separators and reheaters. A turbine hall is typically extremely loud, and in the case of steam cycle plants, hot.


query: What was the birth date of a coach and former Maryland player of a pro basketball team based in Houston, Texas?

pos: John Lucas II John Harding Lucas II (born October 31, 1953) is a retired American professional basketball player and coach. He currently works as the player development coach of the Houston Rockets. He played college basketball for Maryland.

pos: Houston Rockets The Houston Rockets are an American professional basketball team based in Houston, Texas. The Rockets compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA), as a member of the league's Western Conference Southwest Division. The team plays its home games at the Toyota Center, located in downtown Houston. The Rockets have won two NBA championships and four Western Conference titles. The team was established as the San Diego Rockets, an expansion team originally based in San Diego, in 1967. In 1971, the Rockets moved to Houston.

neg: Mark Strickland Mark Strickland (born July 14, 1970) is an American former professional basketball player and coach, who had a career in the NBA from 1995 to 2002 and was the head coach of the Oshawa Power of the National Basketball League of Canada. A 6'9" 210 lb forward born in Atlanta, Strickland played college basketball at Temple University, where he also majored in sports management.

neg: Anthony Goldwire Anthony Goldwire (born September 6, 1971) is an American former professional basketball player and coach. He played in the NBA, and other leagues. Born in West Palm Beach, Florida, he played college basketball for the University of Houston, and was drafted by the Phoenix Suns in the 2nd round (52nd overall), of the 1994 NBA Draft.

neg: 1945–46 Houston Cougars men's basketball team The 1945–46 Houston Cougars men's basketball team represented the University of Houston in the college basketball 1945–46 season. It was their inaugural year of season play. The head coach for the Cougars was Alden Pasche, who was serving in his 1st year in that position. The team played its home games at Jeppesen Gymnasium on-campus in Houston and were members of the Lone Star Conference. Houston captured its first conference regular season title, and competed in the postseason in the 1946 NAIA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament where they were defeated by eventual national runner-up Indiana State in the second round.

neg: George T. Johnson George Thomas Johnson (born December 18, 1948) is an American retired professional basketball player. A 6'11" forward/center born in Tylertown, Mississippi and from Dillard University, he played in 13 NBA seasons (1972–1983; 1984–1986) as a member of the Golden State Warriors, the Buffalo Braves, the New Jersey Nets, the San Antonio Spurs, the Atlanta Hawks, and the Seattle SuperSonics.

neg: Tracy Dildy Tracy Heath Dildy (born November 26, 1966) is an American college basketball coach and the current head men's basketball coach at Chicago State University. Dildy replaced Benjy Taylor as head coach of the Cougars on July 12, 2010. He coached the 2012–2013 team to a Great West Conference championship.

neg: Houston Cougars Houston Cougars are the athletic teams that represent the University of Houston. Informally, the Houston Cougars have also been referred to as the Coogs, UH, or simply Houston. Houston's nickname was created by early physical education instructor of the university and former head football coach of the Washington State Cougars John R. Bender, as he had grown fond of the name during his time there. The teams compete in the NCAA's Division I and the Football Bowl Subdivision as members of the American Athletic Conference.

neg: 2008–09 Houston Cougars men's basketball team The 2008–09 Houston Cougars men's basketball team, also known as the Houston Cougars, Houston, or UH, represented the University of Houston in the college basketball 2008–09 season. It was their 64th year of season play. The head coach for the Cougars was Tom Penders, who was serving in his 5th year in that position. The team played its home games at Hofheinz Pavilion on-campus in Houston, Texas. The Cougars played in the first game of the NCAA Division I season in the 2K Sports College Classic.

neg: Charles Tex Harrison Charles "Tex" Harrison (1933 – November 20, 2014) was an American basketball player, born in Indiana and raised in Texas, who played and coached for the Harlem Globetrotters for six decades. Harrison was the first player from a historically African American college to receive All-American honors.

neg: James Thomas (basketball) James D. Thomas, Jr. (born November 22, 1980) is an American former professional basketball player who most recently worked as an assistant coach for the Maine Red Claws of the NBA Development League. A 6'8" forward from the University of Texas at Austin, Thomas was the recipient of the 2004-05 NBA Development League Rookie of the Year. He played in the NBA for the Portland Trail Blazers, Atlanta Hawks, Philadelphia 76ers, and Chicago Bulls. After that he took his career overseas.

neg: Larry Brown (basketball) Lawrence Harvey Brown (born September 14, 1940) is an American basketball coach, who was most recently head men's basketball coach at Southern Methodist University. He is the only coach in basketball history to win both an NCAA national championship (Kansas Jayhawks, 1988) and an NBA title (Detroit Pistons, 2004). He has a 1,275-965 lifetime professional coaching record in the American Basketball Association (ABA) and the National Basketball Association (NBA) and is the only coach in NBA history to lead eight different teams to the playoffs. He also won an ABA championship as a player with the Oakland Oaks in the 1968–69 season, and an Olympic Gold Medal in 1964. He is also the only person ever to coach two NBA franchises in the same season (Spurs and Clippers during the 1991–92 NBA season). Before coaching, Brown played collegiately at the University of North Carolina and professionally in the ABA. He has been a basketball coach since 1972.

neg: Jamie Dixon James Patrick Dixon II (born November 10, 1965) is an American basketball coach and the current head coach of the TCU Horned Frogs men's basketball team. He previously served as the head coach of the University of Pittsburgh men's basketball team from 2003 through 2016.

neg: John Patrick (basketball) John Patrick (born February 29, 1968) is an American professional basketball coach and former professional basketball player.

neg: Jerry Hemmings Jerry D. Hemmings (born February 17, 1948) is a former American basketball coach and former professional basketball player.

neg: Bob MacKinnon Jr. Robert "Bob" MacKinnon Jr. (born October 24, 1960) is an American basketball coach who is currently the head coach for the Texas Legends of the NBA G League. Previously, he served as the head coach of the Los Angeles D-fenders for two seasons from 2011–2013.

neg: Jim Cleamons James Mitchell Cleamons (born September 13, 1949) is a retired American professional basketball player and current coach.

neg: Sam Mitchell (basketball) Samuel E. Mitchell Jr. (born September 2, 1963) is a former professional basketball player and coach who is currently head coach of the U.S. Virgin Islands national basketball team. He was most recently the interim head coach for the Minnesota Timberwolves of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He was also the head coach for the Toronto Raptors of the National Basketball Association (NBA) from 2004 to 2008. Mitchell has also done analyst work for TSN and NBA TV as well as radio work for WHAL-AM in Columbus and WZGC-FM "92.9 The Game" in Atlanta. He also currently works as a talk show co-host/analyst on SiriusXM NBA Radio.

neg: Randy Bolden Randy Bolden (born  1976 ) is an American former professional basketball player who is better known for his collegiate career at Texas Southern University between 1994–95 and 1997–98. A 6 ft point guard, Bolden was twice named the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC) Player of the Year, first as a junior and again as a senior. He was born in Jackson, Mississippi and attended Forest Hill High School prior to enrolling at Texas Southern. Today he is the head boys' basketball coach at Meridian High School in Meridian, Mississippi.

neg: Rick Adelman Richard Leonard Adelman (born June 16, 1946) is an American retired professional basketball player and coach. He coached 23 seasons in the National Basketball Association. He served as head coach of the NBA's Golden State Warriors, Portland Trail Blazers, Sacramento Kings, Houston Rockets and Minnesota Timberwolves.

neg: Bobby Dye Robert Lloyd "Bobby" Dye (born May 16, 1937) is an American former basketball coach.

neg: Mark Turgeon Mark Leo Turgeon (born February 5, 1965) is an American college basketball coach. He is currently the head coach for the Maryland Terrapins.


query: Are Jon Spencer and Michael Crafter from the same country?

pos: Jon Spencer Jon Spencer (born 1965) is an American singer, composer and guitarist. He has been involved in multiple musical acts, such as Pussy Galore, Boss Hog, Heavy Trash and The Jon Spencer Blues Explosion.

pos: Michael Crafter Michael Crafter is an Australian musician, singer-songwriter and entertainment manager. His music career began as lead vocalist for I Killed the Prom Queen. He is the vocalist of Confession, and former vocalist of Carpathian and Bury Your Dead. Crafter runs a clothing apparel business, Mistake Clothing.

neg: Barb Spencer Barbara "Barb" Spencer (born Barbara Kirkness, February 14, 1966) is a Canadian curler. Spencer is a former Canadian Junior champion and a three-time provincial champion.

neg: Spencer John Spencer John (born October 19, 1973) is a retired Welsh international rugby union player. He made 18 appearances for the Wales national team between 1995 and 2002, as well as representing Llanelli RFC and Cardiff RFC in the top division of Welsh club rugby.

neg: Michael Messer Michael Messer (born 28 February 1956) is an English singer, songwriter, slide guitarist and record producer. He is noteworthy for his ability to combine acoustic National steel guitar, as well as slide guitar, into his playing style. The American magazine, "Spirit", listed Messer as one of the greatest slide guitarists alongside Duane Allman and Ry Cooder.

neg: John Spencer (actor) John Spencer (December 20, 1946 – December 16, 2005) was an American actor. He was most widely known for his role as White House Chief of Staff Leo McGarry on the NBC political drama series "The West Wing", for which he won an Primetime Emmy Award in 2002.

neg: Jon Martin Jon Martin (born as Michele Lorefice; Serrinha Bahia, Brazil, 29 September 1983) is an Italian dj, songwriter, singer and record producer of pop and house music.

neg: Ian Spencer Ian Spencer (born 26 August 1984) is a former English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and wicket-keeper who played for Cheshire. He was born in Whiston.

neg: Mike Reasoner Michael J. "Mike" Reasoner (born August 17, 1960) is a former the Iowa State Representative from the 95th District and a former assistant majority leader. He served in the Iowa House of Representatives from 2003 to 2011. He received his BA and JD from Creighton University.

neg: James Reasoner James Reasoner (5 June 1953) is an American writer. He is the author of more than 150 books and many short stories in a career spanning more than thirty years. Reasoner has used at least nineteen pseudonyms, in addition to his own name: Jim Austin; Peter Danielson; Terrance Duncan; Tom Early; Wesley Ellis; Tabor Evans; Jake Foster; William Grant; Matthew Hart; Livia James; Mike Jameson; Justin Ladd; Jake Logan; Hank Mitchum; Lee Morgan; J.L. Reasoner (with his wife); Dana Fuller Ross; Adam Rutledge; and Jon Sharpe. Since most of Reasoner's books were written as part of various existing Western fiction series, many of his pseudonyms were publishing "house" names that may have been used by other authors who contributed to those series.

neg: Carlos Spencer Carlos James Spencer (born 14 October 1975) is a former New Zealand rugby union footballer and most recently the head coach of the Eastern Province Kings .

neg: Jon Metzger Jon Metzger (born July 30, 1959) is an American jazz vibraphonist, composer, author, and educator.

neg: Joe Spooner Joe Spooner (born 31 October 1973) is a New Zealand sailor who has competed in the Volvo Ocean Race and multiple America's Cups.

neg: Jon Oberlander Jon Oberlander FRSE (born 16 June 1962) is Professor of Epistemics at the School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh. He received a BA in Philosophy from Pembroke College, Cambridge, in 1983 and a PhD in Cognitive Science from the University of Edinburgh in 1987.

neg: Spencer Jones (actor) Spencer Jones is an English actor, comedian and writer. Jones has performed at the Edinburgh Fringe and around the UK with his one-man show. He was co-creator and co-star of the CBBC comedy "Big Babies", and has a regular role in the sitcom "Upstart Crow".

neg: Reggie Bannister Reginald Horace "Reggie" Bannister (born September 29, 1945) is an American musician, actor, producer, writer, and activist.

neg: Tyler Spencer Tyler Spencer (born January 22, 1972), also known as Dick Valentine, is an American singer, songwriter, musician, and author. He is best known as the lead vocalist, main lyricist, and co-founder of the rock band Electric Six.

neg: Michael K. Winder Michael Kent Winder (born January 27, 1976) is an American businessman, author, and politician. He was the mayor of West Valley City, Utah between 2010 and 2014. A Republican, he currently represents District 30 in the Utah House of Representatives, a position to which he was first elected in November 2016.

neg: Michael Feiner Michael Feiner born in Gothenburg, Sweden in 1971, is a musician, songwriter, music producer, multi-instrumentalist and DJ. He is member of the Swedish house band duo The Attic formed in 2003 alongside his childhood friend Eric Amarillo. The duo as The Attic alongside Therese Grankvist took part in Melodifestivalen 2007 with "The Arrival".

neg: Lane Janger Lane Janger (born Lane Anthony Janger on November 27, 1966) is an American independent film producer, director, writer and actor. He was born in Los Angeles, California and obtained a Master of Fine Arts in filmmaking at the New York University.

neg: Mark Spencer (guitarist) Mark Spencer, (born September 28, 1957 in Champaign, Illinois) is an American guitarist, steel guitarist, engineer, multi-instrumentalist, and musician currently based in Brooklyn, New York. An original member of seminal alt-country band Blood Oranges, he continues to work as an in-demand band member and sideman with a diverse range of new and established musical artists. He is currently a member of the band Son Volt, and appears on their 2009 release American Central Dust as lap and pedal steel guitarist, keyboardist, background vocalist, and engineer.

neg: John Spencer-Churchill (artist) John George Spencer-Churchill (31 May 1909 in London – 23 June 1992) was an English painter, sculptor and a stockbroker.


query: In what country was the man who originally proposed Le Sage's theory of gravitation in 1690 born?

pos: Le Sage's theory of gravitation Le Sage's theory of gravitation is a kinetic theory of gravity originally proposed by Nicolas Fatio de Duillier in 1690 and later by Georges-Louis Le Sage in 1748. The theory proposed a mechanical explanation for Newton's gravitational force in terms of streams of tiny unseen particles (which Le Sage called ultra-mundane corpuscles) impacting all material objects from all directions. According to this model, any two material bodies partially shield each other from the impinging corpuscles, resulting in a net imbalance in the pressure exerted by the impact of corpuscles on the bodies, tending to drive the bodies together. This mechanical explanation for gravity never gained widespread acceptance, although it continued to be studied occasionally by physicists until the beginning of the 20th century, by which time it was generally considered to be conclusively discredited.

pos: Nicolas Fatio de Duillier Nicolas Fatio de Duillier {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (also spelled Faccio or Facio; 16 February 1664 – 12 May 1753) was a Swiss-born mathematician, natural philosopher, and inventor. He spent much of his adult life in England and Holland. Fatio is known for his work on the zodiacal light problem in astronomy, for originating the "push" or "shadow" theory of gravitation, for his close association with both Christiaan Huygens and Isaac Newton, and for his role in the Newton v. Leibniz calculus controversy. He also invented and developed the first method for fabricating jewel bearings for mechanical watches and clocks.

neg: Auguste-Savinien Leblond Auguste-Savinien Leblond d'Olblen (19 October 1760 – 22 February 1811) was a French mathematician. In 1790 he coined the name "metre" for the unit of length.

neg: Carl Friedrich Gauss Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss ( ; German: "Gauß" , ] ; Latin: "Carolus Fridericus Gauss" ) (30 April 177723 February 1855) was a German mathematician who contributed significantly to many fields, including number theory, algebra, statistics, analysis, differential geometry, geodesy, geophysics, mechanics, electrostatics, magnetic fields, astronomy, matrix theory, and optics.

neg: Nicolas Sarrabat Fr. Nicolas Sarrabat or Sarabat (February 7, 1698 – April 27, 1739), also known as Nicolas Sarrabat de la Baisse, was an eighteenth-century French mathematician and scientist. He was born in Lyon, the son of the painter Daniel Sarrabat (1666–1748), and the nephew of engraver Isaac Sarrabat. The Sarrabats had been a prosperous Protestant bourgeois family of clock- and watchmakers, though Nicolas's father had converted to Catholicism.

neg: Johann August von Starck Johann August Starck also "Stark" (28 October 1741 – 3 March 3, 1816) was a prolific author and controversial Königsberg theologian, as well as a widely read political writer now best remembered for arguing that an Illuminati-led conspiracy brought about the French revolution. Immanuel Kant and Johann Georg Hamann were among his acquaintances in Königsberg. His broadly deistic approach emphasized natural religion and smoothed over doctrinal differences among the various faiths.

neg: Isaac Newton in popular culture Isaac Newton was an English mathematician, natural philosopher, theologian, alchemist and one of the most influential scientists in human history. His "Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica" is considered to be one of the most influential book in the history of science, laying the groundwork for most of classical mechanics by describing universal gravitation and the three laws of motion. In mathematics, Newton shares the credit with Gottfried Leibniz for the development of the differential and integral calculus.

neg: Newton–Cartan theory Newton–Cartan theory (or geometrized Newtonian gravitation) is a geometrical re-formulation, as well as a generalization, of Newtonian gravity first introduced by Élie Cartan and Kurt Friedrichs and later developed by Dautcourt, Dixon, Dombrowski and Horneffer, Ehlers, Havas, Künzle, Lottermoser, Trautman, and others. In this re-formulation, the structural similarities between Newton's theory and Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity are readily seen, and it has been used by Cartan and Friedrichs to give a rigorous formulation of the way in which Newtonian gravity can be seen as a specific limit of general relativity, and by Jürgen Ehlers to extend this correspondence to specific solutions of general relativity.

neg: Augustin-Louis Cauchy Baron Augustin-Louis Cauchy FRS FRSE (] ; 21 August 1789 – 23 May 1857) was a French mathematician and physicist who made pioneering contributions to analysis. He was one of the first to state and prove theorems of calculus rigorously, rejecting the heuristic principle of the generality of algebra of earlier authors. He almost singlehandedly founded complex analysis and the study of permutation groups in abstract algebra. A profound mathematician, Cauchy had a great influence over his contemporaries and successors. His writings range widely in mathematics and mathematical physics.

neg: Hugo Grotius Hugo Grotius ( ; 10 April 1583 – 28 August 1645), also known as Huig de Groot (] ) or Hugo de Groot (] ), was a Dutch jurist. Along with the earlier works of Francisco de Vitoria and Alberico Gentili, Grotius laid the foundations for international law, based on natural law. A teenage intellectual prodigy, he was imprisoned for his involvement in the intra-Calvinist disputes of the Dutch Republic, but escaped hidden in a chest of books. He wrote most of his major works in exile in France.

neg: Johann Heinrich Lambert Johann Heinrich Lambert (] , "Jean-Henri Lambert" in French; 26 August 1728 – 25 September 1777) was a Swiss polymath who made important contributions to the subjects of mathematics, physics (particularly optics), philosophy, astronomy and map projections.

neg: Pierre Daniel Huet Pierre Daniel Huet (] ; Latin: "Huetius" ; 8 February 1630 – 26 January 1721) was a French churchman and scholar, editor of the Delphin Classics, founder of the Academie du Physique in Caen (1662-1672) and Bishop of Soissons from 1685 to 1689 and afterwards of Avranches.

neg: Émilie du Châtelet Gabrielle Émilie Le Tonnelier de Breteuil, Marquise Du Châtelet (] ; 17 December 1706  – 10 September 1749) was a French natural philosopher, mathematician, physicist, and author during the early 1730s until her untimely death due to childbirth in 1749. Her most recognized achievement is her translation of and commentary on Isaac Newton's book "Principia" containing basic laws of physics. The translation, published posthumously in 1759, is still considered the standard French translation today. Her commentary includes a profound contribution to Newtonian mechanics—the postulate of an additional conservation law for total energy, of which kinetic energy of motion is one element.

neg: Pierre Bouguer Pierre Bouguer (] ) (16 February 1698, Croisic – 15 August 1758, Paris) was a French mathematician, geophysicist, geodesist, and astronomer. He is also known as "the father of naval architecture".

neg: Johann II Bernoulli Johann II Bernoulli (18 May 1710, Basel – 17 July 1790, Basel; also known as Jean) was the youngest of the three sons of Johann Bernoulli. He studied law and mathematics, and, after travelling in France, was for five years professor of eloquence in the university of his native city. In 1736 he was awarded the prize of the French Academy for his suggestive studies of aether. On the death of his father he succeeded him as professor of mathematics in the University of Basel. He was thrice a successful competitor for the prizes of the Academy of Sciences of Paris. His prize subjects were the capstan, the propagation of light, and the magnet. He enjoyed the friendship of P. L. M. de Maupertuis, who died under his roof while on his way to Berlin. He himself died in 1790. His two sons, Johann and Jakob, are the last noted mathematicians of the Bernoulli family.

neg: Blaise Pascal Blaise Pascal ( ; ] ; 19 June 1623 – 19 August 1662) was a French mathematician, physicist, inventor, writer and Catholic theologian. He was a child prodigy who was educated by his father, a tax collector in Rouen. Pascal's earliest work was in the natural and applied sciences where he made important contributions to the study of fluids, and clarified the concepts of pressure and vacuum by generalising the work of Evangelista Torricelli. Pascal also wrote in defence of the scientific method.

neg: John Lighton Synge John Lighton Synge ( ; 23 March 1897 – 30 March 1995) was an Irish mathematician and physicist, whose seven decade career included significant periods in Ireland, Canada, and the USA. He was a prolific author and influential mentor, and is credited with the introduction of a new geometrical approach to the theory of relativity.

neg: Jean-Baptiste Pérès Jean-Baptiste Pérès (1752–1840) was a French physicist best known for his 1827 pamphlet "Grand Erratum", a polemical satire, translated into many European languages, that attempted "in the interest of conservative theology, to reduce to an absurdity the purely negative tendencies of the rationalistic criticism of the Scriptures then in vogue" (as Frederick W. Loetscher described what he called "the celebrated pamphlet" in "The Princeton Theological Review" 1906) through humorously suggesting ways in which the history of Napoleon Bonaparte could be shown to be an expression of an ancient sun myth.

neg: Charles de Bovelles Charles de Bovelles (Latin: "Carolus Bovillus" ; born c. 1475 at Saint-Quentin, died at Ham, Somme after 1566) was a French mathematician, and canon of Noyon. His "Géométrie en françoys" (1511) was the first scientific work to be printed in French.

neg: Charles-Georges Le Roy Charles-Georges Le Roy or Leroy (22 July 1723, Paris – 11 November 1789, Paris) was a French man of letters during the Age of Enlightenment and the author of one of the first books on human behavior.

neg: Alexandre Koyré Alexandre Koyré (] ; 29 August 1892 – 28 April 1964), also anglicized as Alexandre or Alexander Koyre, was a French philosopher of Russian origin who wrote on the history and philosophy of science.

neg: Nicole-Reine Lepaute Nicole-Reine Lepaute (née Étable; also known as Hartense Lepaute or Hortense Lepaute), (5 January 1723 – 6 December 1788) was a French astronomer and mathematician. She predicted the return of Halley's Comet, calculated the timing of a solar eclipse and constructed a group of catalogs for the stars. She was a member of the Scientific Academy of Béziers.


query: What is the name of the library tower, named for former long-time head librarian of the Georgia Tech Library?

pos: Georgia Tech Library The Georgia Tech Library is an academic library that serves the needs of students, faculty, and staff at the Georgia Institute of Technology. The library consists of three buildings- the S. Price Gilbert Library, the Dorothy M. Crosland Tower, and the Clough Undergraduate Learning Commons.

pos: Dorothy M. Crosland Dorothy Murray Crosland (September 13, 1903 - March 24, 1983) was the long-time head librarian of the Georgia Tech Library at the Georgia Institute of Technology. Initially appointed as Assistant Librarian in 1925, she was promoted to Librarian in 1927 and Director of Libraries in 1953, a title she would hold until her retirement in 1971.

neg: Maddox Park Maddox Park is a 51.5 acre community park located in the west side of Atlanta (in the Bankhead neighborhood), across Donald Lee Hollowell Parkway from Bankhead MARTA station. It is approximately 1.5 mi west of Georgia Tech. The park has an existing rail line running through it, which is part of the proposed route of the Belt Line. The park is named in honor of former Atlanta mayor Robert Maddox and opened in 1931.

neg: 1180 Peachtree 1180 Peachtree, commonly known as the Symphony Tower, is a 41-story skyscraper located at 1180 Peachtree Street in the Midtown district of Atlanta, Georgia, United States. Rising to a height of approximately 657 feet (200 m), the building includes office and retail space in its 351,616 square meter of floor area as well as a 1,200 space parking deck. Construction was completed in 2006.

neg: Georgia Library Learning Online Georgia Library Learning Online, more commonly known as GALILEO, is a virtual library operated by the University System of Georgia. There are numerous databases available, including abstracts and full-text. The Digital Library of Georgia is also part of the GALILEO system.

neg: Georgia Tech Research Corporation The Georgia Tech Research Corporation (GTRC) is an organization that supports research and technological development at the Georgia Institute of Technology.

neg: Georgia Tech traditions Numerous Georgia Tech legends and traditions have been established since the school's opening in 1888, some of which have persisted for decades. Over time, the school has grown from a trade school into a large research university, and the traditions reflect that heritage. One of the cherished holdovers from Tech's early years, a steam whistle blows five minutes before the hour, every hour from 7:55 am to 5:55 pm. On Tuesdays and Thursdays, it also blows at twenty-five minutes after the hour. It's for this reason that the faculty newspaper is named "The Whistle".

neg: 1992 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team The 1992 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team represented the Georgia Institute of Technology during the 1992 NCAA Division I-A football season. The Yellow Jackets were led by first-year head coach Bill Lewis and played their home games at Bobby Dodd Stadium in Atlanta, Georgia. They competed as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference, finishing tied for fourth with a final record of 5–6 (4–4 ACC).

neg: Mary and John Gray Library The Mary and John Gray Library is an eight-story University Library at Lamar University in Beaumont, Texas. The library is part of the Federal Depository Library Program that aims to provide government documents free to the public. The library serves as the university's primary research and study center. Construction began on September 17, 1973 at the ground breaking ceremony. Present at the Ceremony were current Texas Governor Dolph Briscoe and Congressman Jack Brooks who was a Lamar Alumnus. The Ground Breaking took place on the same day as the 50th anniversary of the school. The building was named in honor of Mary and John Gray who served the university their entire lives. The library was officially opened on April 26, 1976.

neg: Rufus Guthrie Dallas Rufus Guthrie (born c. 1942, died 2000) is a former American football player who attended and played for the Georgia Institute of Technology (a.k.a. Georgia Tech).

neg: Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center

neg: Jimmy Carter Library and Museum The Jimmy Carter Library and Museum in Atlanta, Georgia houses U.S. President Jimmy Carter's papers and other material relating to the Carter administration and the Carter family's life. The library also hosts special exhibits, such as Carter's Nobel Peace Prize and a full-scale replica of the Oval Office, including a reproduction of the "Resolute" desk.

neg: John Stein (academic) John Stein is the Dean of Students and Assistant Vice President for Student Affairs at the Georgia Institute of Technology, a position he has held since 2006.

neg: The Technique The "Technique, also known as the "' Nique"," is the official student newspaper of the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, Georgia and has referred to itself as "the South's liveliest college newspaper" since 1945. As of the Fall semester of 2011, the "Technique" has a weekly circulation of 10,000, distributed to numerous locations on the Georgia Tech campus and a handful of locations in the surrounding area. The first issue of the "Technique" was published on November 17, 1911, and the paper has printed continuously since its founding. The paper publishes weekly throughout the regular school year and primarily covers news, events and issues specific to the Georgia Tech community. In 2004 it was one of 25 collegiate newspapers to receive the Pacemaker award from the Associated Collegiate Press.

neg: WSB-TV tower The WSB-TV tower is a 327.6 m guyed mast broadcast tower in the Old Fourth Ward neighborhood of Atlanta, Georgia, immediately adjacent to Freedom Parkway and the Historic Fourth Ward Park skate park. The tower was built in 1950, and at its completion was the tallest guyed mast tower in the United States. It has a triangular cross section.

neg: G. P. "Bud" Peterson George P. "Bud" Peterson (born September 1, 1952) is the 11th president of the Georgia Institute of Technology. Peterson is a graduate of Kansas State University, where he earned B.S. degrees in Mechanical Engineering and Mathematics and an M.S. in Engineering, and Texas A&M University, where he earned a Ph.D in Mechanical Engineering.

neg: Peter A. Freeman Peter A. Freeman is the founding dean of Georgia Tech's College of Computing, a position he held from 1990 to 2002. Freeman was assistant director of the National Science Foundation from 2002 to 2007.

neg: Ramblin' Wreck The Ramblin' Wreck from Georgia Tech is the 1930 Ford Model A Sport coupe that serves as the official mascot of the student body at the Georgia Institute of Technology. The Wreck is present at all major sporting events and student body functions. Its most noticeable role is leading the football team into Bobby Dodd Stadium at Historic Grant Field, a duty which the Wreck has performed since 1961. The Ramblin' Wreck is mechanically and financially maintained on campus by students in Ramblin' Reck Club.

neg: 1996 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team The 1996 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team represented the Georgia Institute of Technology in the 1996 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team's coach was George O'Leary. Tech played its home games at Bobby Dodd Stadium in Atlanta.

neg: D. M. Smith David Melville "Doc" Smith (July 27, 1884 – November 26, 1962) was a renowned professor and mathematician at the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech). During his more than forty years at the school, he was particularly known for his teaching style and personality. Georgia Tech's D. M. Smith Building, which has housed numerous academic departments, is named in his honor.

neg: George A. Smathers Libraries The George A. Smathers Libraries of the University of Florida constitute one of the largest university library systems in the United States. The system includes eight of the nine libraries of the University of Florida and provides primary support to all academic programs except those served by the Lawton Chiles Legal Information Center. Previously the Health Science Center Library was also separate, but it was integrated into the Smathers Libraries on July 1, 2009. The current Dean is Judith C. Russell. All of the libraries serve all of the university's faculty and students, but each has a special mission to be the primary support of specific colleges and degree programs. As is common in research libraries, library materials are housed in a variety of locations depending upon discipline. The three largest libraries cover an extensive range of disciplines while the smaller libraries focus on three or fewer disciplines.

neg: Rhodes Tower The James A. Rhodes Tower (formerly University Tower) is a 21-story, 363-foot skyscraper in Cleveland, Ohio, United States. It is owned by Cleveland State University. It is the second-tallest educational-purposed building in the United States (behind the Cathedral of Learning.) It currently houses the university's main library on the first eight floors and administration offices for many of the university's academic departments on the upper level floors. It previously held classrooms on the first two floors. It is the tallest structure on the Cleveland State campus, followed by Fenn Tower and the tallest academic building in Ohio. The tower was named after former Ohio Governor James A. Rhodes who is responsible for signing the legislation that created The Cleveland State University on December 18, 1964.


query: In what year did Mopreme Shakur's hip hop group release their only album?

pos: Mopreme Shakur Maurice Williams (born 1969), better known by his stage name Mopreme Shakur, originally known as Wycked, is an American rapper. He was a member of the hip-hop group Thug Life and is the older brother of Tupac Shakur. He was also a member of The Outlawz (under the name Komani), but later dropped out because of a financial disagreement with Death Row Records.

pos: Thug Life Thug Life was an American hip hop group that consisted of Tupac Shakur, Big Syke, Stretch, Mopreme Shakur, The Rated R, and Macadoshis. They released one album, 1994's "", before disbanding after Tupac died on September 13, 1996. Big Syke died on December 5, 2016, 20 years after Shakur's death.

neg: Doo-Bop Doo-Bop is the last studio album by American jazz musician Miles Davis. It was recorded with hip hop producer Easy Mo Bee and released posthumously on June 30, 1992, by Warner Bros. Records. The jazz rap album was received unfavorably by most critics, although it won a Grammy Award for Best R&B Instrumental Performance the following year.

neg: Fear of a Black Planet Fear of a Black Planet is the third studio album by American hip hop group Public Enemy. It was released on March 20, 1990, by Def Jam Recordings and Columbia Records. For the album, Public Enemy's production team The Bomb Squad sought to expand on the dense, sample-layered sound of the group's 1988 record "It Takes a Nation of Millions to Hold Us Back". Having fulfilled their initial creative ambitions with that album, Public Enemy aspired to create what lead rapper Chuck D called "a deep, complex album". Their songwriting was partly inspired by the controversy surrounding member Professor Griff and his dismissal from the group in 1989.

neg: Picture This (Do or Die album) Picture This is the first album released by rap group, Do or Die. It was released on September 3, 1996 for Rap-A-Lot and Virgin Records. The album proved to be a huge success for the group, peaking at #27 on the "Billboard" 200 and #3 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums. The album also featured the hit single, "Po Pimp", which peaked at #22 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 and #1 on the Hot Rap Singles.

neg: A Tribe Called Quest discography A Tribe Called Quest is an American hip hop group, formed in 1985. They have released six studio albums, five compilations, thirteen singles and five video albums. The group is made up of rapper/producer Q-Tip (Kamaal Ibn John Fareed, formerly Jonathan Davis), the late rapper Phife Dawg (Malik Taylor) and DJ/producer Ali Shaheed Muhammad. Phife Dawg was only persuaded to join when a fourth member, rapper Jarobi White, joined the group. In 1989 they signed a demo deal with Geffen Records, but not given a full-fledged recording contract. After receiving many offers, they opted for the Jive Records label, an independent rap label. In under a year, they managed to produce "People's Instinctive Travels and the Paths of Rhythm" to a lukewarm reception, reaching #91 on the "Billboard" 200, though it did achieve gold certification by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).

neg: Assata Shakur Assata Olugbala Shakur (born JoAnne Deborah Byron; July 16, 1947, often referred to by her married surname Chesimard), is a former member of the Black Liberation Army, a black nationalist urban guerrilla group, who was convicted in 1977 of the first-degree murder, under New Jersey's "aiding and abetting" statute, of State Trooper Werner Foerster during a shootout on the New Jersey Turnpike in 1973. She escaped from prison in 1979 and fled to Cuba, where she was granted political asylum.

neg: Thug Life: Volume 1 Volume 1 is the only studio album by American hip hop group Thug Life, started by rapper Tupac Shakur, and was released on September 26, 1994. The group featured Big Syke, Macadoshis, Mopreme, The Rated R and Tupac Shakur. Among the notable tracks on the album are "Bury Me a G," "Cradle to the Grave," "Pour Out a Little Liquor" (which also appears on the soundtrack to the 1994 film Above the Rim), "How Long Will They Mourn Me?" and "Str8 Ballin'." The album was originally released by Shakur's label Out Da Gutta Records. Due to heavy criticism on gangsta rap at the time, the original version of the album was scrapped and re-recorded with many of the original songs being cut. The album only contains ten tracks because Interscope Records felt many of the other recorded songs were too controversial to release. It has been said that 2Pac created two other versions of this album, with many of the songs still remaining unreleased.

neg: Run-DMC Run-D.M.C. was an American hip hop group from Hollis, Queens, New York, founded in 1981 by Joseph Simmons, Darryl McDaniels, and Jason Mizell. Run-D.M.C. is widely acknowledged as one of the most influential acts in the history of hip hop culture. Run-D.M.C. is one of the most famous hip-hop acts of the 1980s who, along with LL Cool J, The Beastie Boys, and Public Enemy, signified the advent of the new school of hip-hop music. Run-D.M.C. were the first group in the genre to have a gold album ("Run–D.M.C.", 1984) and be nominated for a Grammy Award. They were the first to earn a platinum record ("King of Rock", 1985), the first to earn a multiplatinum certification ("Raising Hell", 1986), the first to have videos on MTV, and the first to appear on "American Bandstand" and the cover of "Rolling Stone". Run-D.M.C. was the only hip hop act to perform at Live Aid in 1985.

neg: The Sugarhill Gang The Sugarhill Gang is an American hip hop group, known mostly for their 1979 hit "Rapper's Delight," the first rap single to become a Top 40 hit on the Billboard Hot 100.

neg: Only Way Is Up Only Way Is Up is the debut studio album by American rapper K Camp. It was released on September 4, 2015, by Interscope Records. The album was preceded by the singles: "Lil Bit", "Comfortable" and "1Hunnid".

neg: Terrorist Threats Terrorist Threats is the second and final studio album by American West coast hip hop/gangsta rap supergroup Westside Connection, released in 2003 through member Mack 10's label Hoo-Bangin' Records. The album became popular with its single "Gangsta Nation" and was certified Gold.

neg: 2nd II None (album) 2nd II None is the self-titled debut album from Compton hip hop duo 2nd II None. The album was released on October 8, 1991 under Profile Records and it would be entirely produced by DJ Quik.

neg: The Equinox (album) The Equinox is the third and final album by heralded Queens Hip Hop duo Organized Konfusion, released on September 23, 1997, on Priority Records. The group branched out to work with a number of outside producers, including Diamond D, Showbiz, Buckwild and Rockwilder. The effort is a concept album, with tracks linked together by storytelling skits. Included on the album are two very ambitious tracks: "Invetro" and "Hate." The former gives voice to the unborn, with Pharoahe Monch and Prince Po rhyming as unborn twins, one hoping for their mother to get an abortion, the other praying for a chance to live, respectively, while the latter features Monch and Po rhyming as white supremacists. "Invetro" follows in the same steps as "Stray Bullet" from the group's previous album, giving voices to things that can not speak.

neg: The Coup discography The Coup is a political hip hop group based in Oakland, California. Their discography consists of six studio albums, one EP, and eight singles.

neg: Ghetto Mafia The Ghetto Mafia is an American hip hop group from Atlanta, Georgia, composed of Nino and Wicked. Formed in 1993, the Ghetto Mafia signed to local hip hop label, Ichiban Records, who then released their debut album, "Draw the Line" on May 20, 1994. The group then released 1995's "Full Blooded Niggaz" through Triad Records before joining Fully Loaded Records in 1996. With Fully Loaded, Ghetto Mafia released 1997's "Straight from the Dec" and their most successful album to date, 1998's "On da Grind", which peaked at 169 on the "Billboard" 200. After a seven-year hiatus, they released "Da Return of Ghetto Mafia" in 2005. Fast Forward to 2016, Ghetto Mafia is Back under New Management by Mueziq Entertainment CEO, Antwone Payne, and a New Single, Elephant in the Room ...

neg: The Movement (Inspectah Deck album) The Movement is the second solo studio album by Wu-Tang Clan member Inspectah Deck. The album was released on June 10, 2003, by Koch Records. A departure from "Uncontrolled Substance"'s darker, soul-inspired sound, "The Movement" is more upbeat and expressive. According to Inspectah Deck, ""Uncontrolled Substance" was just me as an ill lyricist wanting to put an album out. I just wanted to be heard. "The Movement" is like is me behind the scenes, behind everything. I'm doing ... everything. All the credits got Inspectah Deck on it this time. I was able to put my soul into it."

neg: Free City (album) Free City is the debut studio album by hip-hop group St. Lunatics. It was released on June 5, 2001, almost a full year after the release of group member Nelly's debut, "Country Grammar". The album was a commercial success as it debuted at #3 on the "Billboard" 200 with 196,000 copies sold in its first week. The album was certified Platinum by the RIAA a month later.

neg: It Ain't 4 Play It Ain't 4 Play is the first and only album released by American rap group, Funk Mobb. It was released July 15, 1996 on Sick Wid It Records and Jive Records. The album was produced by G-Note, D-Shot, K-1, K-Lou, Levitti, Mac Shawn, and Studio Ton. It peaked at number 46 on the "Billboard" Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums and at number 28 on the "Billboard" Top Heatseekers. One single was released, "I Wanna See Ya". The last track, "Mr. Bubble", is a bonus track exclusive to the CD release.

neg: Brownside Brownside is a Chicano hip-hop group founded in 1993 by the late Eazy-E. The group originally consisted of rappers Toker (Gilbert Izquierdo), Wicked (Pierre Lamas), and Danger (Carlos Martinez), who was shot dead in 1996 from a drive-by. Originally, Eazy-E's intentions on signing Brownside to Ruthless Records was to create a Chicano version of the critically acclaimed rap group N.W.A. Toker had attended high school in Compton, California where he later met Eazy-E, and the two developed a great friendship until Eazy-E's death in 1995. It is said that towards the end of Eazy's life he was attracted to Chicano rap in California and saw this as a new market to break into. Brownside has been known to use Sureño slang in their lyrics, as well as album covers.

neg: Wataz The Wataz were an American hip hop group composed of Ketrina "Taz" Askew and Chris "Waterbug" Stokes. Stokes who had gained fame as a producer for acts such as Immature and Smooth formed the group in 1997 and signed a deal with independent label, Fully Loaded Records. The group released one album, 1998's "Natural High", which peaked at 68 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, and had one charting single "Ohh Ahh Ohh", which made it to 81 on the R&B/Hip-Hop charts.

neg: Surrender (Kut Klose album) Surrender is the only studio album by American contemporary R&B group Kut Klose. It was released on March 14, 1995 through Elektra Records and was mostly produced by the group's mentor, Keith Sweat. The album was met with mild commercial success, making it to three "Billboard" charts, peaking at number 66 on the "Billboard" 200.


query: Are Freddie Mercury and Henry Paul both American?

pos: Freddie Mercury Farrokh "Freddie" Mercury (born Bulsara; 5 September 1946 – 24 November 1991) was a British singer, songwriter and record producer, known as the lead vocalist of the rock band Queen. He was known for his flamboyant stage persona and four-octave vocal range. Mercury wrote numerous hits for Queen, including "Bohemian Rhapsody", "Killer Queen", "Somebody to Love", "Don't Stop Me Now", "Crazy Little Thing Called Love", and "We Are the Champions". He led a solo career while performing with Queen, and occasionally served as a producer and guest musician for other artists.

pos: Henry Paul (musician) Henry Paul (born August 25, 1949 in Kingston, New York) is an American southern rock and country singer/songwriter who was an original recording member of Southern rock band the Outlaws, then left to form the Henry Paul Band, who is now back with Outlaws and also was the lead singer for the country band BlackHawk.

neg: Henry Howard Paul George Henry Howard Paul (18 November 1830 – 9 December 1905) (known on stage as Howard Paul) was an American writer, playwright, comic actor and theatrical manager who made his name and spent most of his career in the United Kingdom. In 1854 he married the British singer and actress Isabella Hill, and the two appeared together in Britain and the United States as Mr and Mrs Howard Paul for more than two decades, in comic pieces written by Paul. The couple separated around 1877, after he began an affair with the actress Letty Lind. After that affair ended, Paul continued to write through the 1880s and acted as a theatre manager in Britain.

neg: Henry Glover Henry Bernard Glover (May 21, 1921 – April 7, 1991) was an American songwriter, arranger, record producer and trumpet player. In the music industry of the time, Glover was one of the most successful and influential black executives. He gained eminence in the late 1940s, primarily working for the independent (and white-owned) King label. His duties included operating as a producer, arranger, songwriter (occasionally utilising the alias of Henry Bernard), engineer, trumpet player, talent scout, A&R man, studio constructor, while later in his career he became an owner of his own label. Glover worked with country, blues, R&B, pop, rock, and jazz musicians, and he helped King Records to become one of the largest independent labels of its time.

neg: We Should Be Together (song) "We Should Be Together" is a Christmas-themed song by Cliff Richard. Released as a single in November 1991 in the UK, the song bidded for the Christmas No.1 spot. However the song peaked at the No. 10 position - ultimately being beaten to the festive top spot by the re-release of Queen's "Bohemian Rhapsody" following the death of Freddie Mercury.

neg: Paul Henry (TV programme) Paul Henry is a New Zealand morning news and talk show that aired weekdays on TV3 and was simulcast on Radio Live. It is presented by Paul Henry, with news anchor Ingrid Hipkiss and sports anchor Jim Kayes.

neg: Long Away "Long Away" is a single by the British rock band Queen; it is the third track on their 1976 album "A Day at the Races". Brian May wrote the song and sings the lead vocals. It is the only single released during Freddie Mercury's lifetime, not to be sung by him.

neg: Paul Goldberg (musician) Paul Goldberg (born April 25, 1959) is an American jazz/rock/R&B drummer.

neg: Reggie Bannister Reginald Horace "Reggie" Bannister (born September 29, 1945) is an American musician, actor, producer, writer, and activist.

neg: Freddie Washington (pianist) Freddie Washington (born c. 1900, Houston - date of death unknown) was an American jazz pianist.

neg: Freddie Waits Frederick "Freddie" Douglas Waits (April 27, 1940 – November 18, 1989) was a hard bop and post-bop drummer.

neg: Made in Heaven Made in Heaven is the fifteenth and final studio album by the British rock band Queen, released on 6 November 1995 by Parlophone Records in the United Kingdom and by Hollywood Records in the United States. After Freddie Mercury's death, guitarist Brian May, drummer Roger Taylor, and bass guitarist John Deacon worked with vocal and piano parts that Mercury recorded before his death, adding fresh instrumentation to the recordings. Both stages of recording, before and after Mercury's death, were completed at the band's studio in Montreux, Switzerland. The album debuted at number 1 in the UK where it went 4× platinum. The album became a worldwide success, especially in Europe, selling over 5 million copies there, and more than 7.5 million around the world.

neg: Clarence Paul Clarence Otto Pauling (March 19, 1928 – May 6, 1995),better known and published as Clarence Paul, was an American songwriter and record producer who was best known for his career with Detroit's Motown Records.

neg: Sam Ulano Solomon Paul "Sam" Ulano (August 12, 1920 – January 1, 2014) was an American jazz drummer and teacher. He is often called by the nickname "Mr. Rhythm."

neg: Henry Goodwin (musician) Henry Clay Goodwin (born January 2, 1910, Columbia, South Carolina - July 2, 1979, New York City) was an American jazz trumpeter.

neg: Paul Quinichette Paul Quinichette (May 17, 1916 – May 25, 1983) was an American jazz musician who played the tenor saxophone. He was known as the "Vice President" or "Vice Prez" for his uncanny emulation of the breathy style of Lester Young, known as "Prez". Young, who affectionately called everyone "Lady ****" (he called Billie Holiday "Lady Day"), called him "Lady Q". He was also capable of a gruffer style on his own.

neg: Mr and Mrs Howard Paul Mr and Mrs Howard Paul were the Victorian era husband and wife team of Henry Howard Paul (1830-1905), an American born writer, actor and mimic, and his wife Mrs Howard Paul (1833-1879), a British actress and singer who created the role of Lady Sangazure in "The Sorcerer" (1877) by Gilbert and Sullivan.

neg: Dean Paul Martin Dean Paul Martin Jr. (November 17, 1951 – March 21, 1987) was the son of American entertainer Dean Martin, and a singer and actor.

neg: Paul Humphrey Paul Nelson Humphrey (born October 12, 1935, Detroit, Michigan, United States) is an American jazz and funk/R&B drummer.

neg: Paul Rodgers Paul Bernard Rodgers (born 17 December 1949) is an English singer, songwriter and musician, best known for his success in the 1960s and 1970s as vocalist of Free and Bad Company. He now lives in Canada as a naturalized Canadian citizen. After stints in two less successful bands in the 1980s and early 1990s, The Firm and The Law, he became a solo artist. He has more recently toured and recorded with Queen. Rodgers has been dubbed "The Voice" by his fans. A poll in "Rolling Stone" magazine ranked him number 55 on its list of the "100 Greatest Singers of All Time". In 2011 Rodgers received the British Academy's Ivor Novello Award for Outstanding Contribution to British Music.

neg: Paul Benedict Paul Benedict (September 17, 1938 – December 1, 2008) was an American actor who made numerous appearances in television and movies beginning in 1965. He was known for his roles as The Number Painter on the popular PBS children's show "Sesame Street", and as the English neighbor Harry Bentley on the CBS sitcom "The Jeffersons".

neg: Paul Samuell Henry Paul Samuell (October 2, 1886 – March 21, 1938) was an American jurist and lawyer.


query: Which of actresses in She's Funny That Way also played in Step Brothers?

pos: She's Funny That Way (film) She’s Funny That Way is a 2014 American screwball comedy film directed by Peter Bogdanovich and co-written with Louise Stratten. The film stars Owen Wilson, Imogen Poots, Kathryn Hahn, Will Forte, Rhys Ifans and Jennifer Aniston.

pos: Kathryn Hahn Kathryn Hahn (born July 23, 1973) is an American actress and comedian. She began her career on television playing Lily Lebowski in the NBC crime drama series "Crossing Jordan" (2001–2007). Hahn went on to appear as supporting actress in a number of comedy films, including "How to Lose a Guy in 10 Days" (2003), "" (2004), "Step Brothers" (2008), "Our Idiot Brother" (2011), "We're the Millers" (2013) and "The Secret Life of Walter Mitty" (2013).

neg: Jean Sagal Jean Sagal (born October 9, 1961) is an American television actress and director. In the 1980s, she co-starred with her twin sister Liz Sagal in the 23-episode television series "Double Trouble" that ran from 1984–85. She has since appeared on such shows as "Picket Fences", "Knots Landing", "Quantum Leap" and "21 Jump Street". She has directed episodes of "Two and a Half Men", "Mad TV", "So Little Time" and "Just Shoot Me". Sagal and her twin sister also served for a time as the "Doublemint Twins" in the long-running ad campaign by Doublemint gum.

neg: Amanda Stepto Amanda Felicitas Stepto (born July 31, 1970) is a Canadian actress. She is best known for her role as Christine "Spike" Nelson in the "Degrassi series".

neg: Vanessa Morley Vanessa Morley (born March 20, 1986) is a Canadian actress and is the younger sister of another actress, Natasha Morley.

neg: Angela Goethals Angela Bethany Goethals (born May 20, 1977) is an American film, television and stage actress. Goethals made her acting debut in the Broadway production of "Coastal Disturbances" in 1987, and later became known for her role in "Home Alone" (1990) playing the sister of Macaulay Culkin's character in the film. Throughout the 1990s, Goethals went on to star in several independent films and television shows, including a leading role on the sitcom "Phenom" (1993), as well as a small role in "Jerry Maguire" (1996).

neg: Lani O'Grady Lani O'Grady (October 2, 1954 – September 25, 2001) was an American actress and talent agent. She is best-remembered for her role as Mary Bradford, the eldest sister from "Eight Is Enough".

neg: Chelsea Brown Chelsea Brown (December 6, 1942 – March 27, 2017) was an American born actress of television and film, comedienne and dancer, who appeared as a regular performer in comedy series "Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In". She had a successful career in her native land before emigrating to Australia, where she became well-known mostly for her roles in soap opera/serials including top-rating "Number 96" and as Abby Rossiter Patchett on "E Street".

neg: Ben Falcone Benjamin Scott Falcone (born August 25, 1973) is an American actor, comedian and filmmaker. He is married to actress Melissa McCarthy, with whom he has two children. He appeared in small roles of McCarthy's films "Bridesmaids", "Identity Thief", and "The Heat", and co-starred in "What to Expect When You're Expecting" and "Enough Said".

neg: Adele Astaire Adele, Lady Charles Cavendish (born Adele Marie Austerlitz; September 10, 1896 – January 25, 1981) was an American dancer, stage actress and singer. She was Fred Astaire's elder sister, and his partner in a 27-year career in vaudeville and theater, beginning when he was five and she was eight.

neg: Tina Malone Christina "Tina" Malone (born 30 January 1963) is an English actress, writer, director, and producer, best known for playing Mimi Maguire in the Channel 4 series "Shameless". She also played Mo McGee in "Brookside" and a nurse called Bobbie in Victoria Wood's "Dinnerladies". She made a reality appearance in "Celebrity Big Brother 6" in January 2009 and a guest appearance in "The Chase Celebrity Special" in 2013.

neg: Leigh Zimmerman Leigh Zimmerman (born March 28, 1969) is an American actress, singer and dancer. She has appeared on Broadway in "The Will Rogers Follies", "Crazy for You" and "A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum" with Nathan Lane and in London's West End in "The Seven Year Itch", "Chicago", "The Producers" and "A Chorus Line ", for which she won an Olivier Award in 2013.

neg: Kathy Burke Katherine Lucy Bridget Burke (born 13 June 1964) is an English actress, comedian, playwright and theatre director. She became known for her regular appearances in the sketch shows "French and Saunders" (1988–99), "Harry Enfield's Television Programme" (1990–92) and "Harry Enfield and Chums" (1994–98), and for her recurring role as Magda in the BBC sitcom "Absolutely Fabulous" (1992–96). For her role as Valerie in the film "Nil by Mouth", she won Best Actress at the 1997 Cannes Film Festival and was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role.

neg: Nanayam Nanayam (Malayalam: നാണയം) is a 1983 Malayalam film directed by I.V. Sasi and starring Mammootty, Mohanlal, Seema, and Poornima Jayaram. It is the story of two step brothers (played by Mammootty and Mohanlal), who takes over the business of their parents, and the problems they encounter while running it.

neg: Laura Donnelly (actress) Laura Donnelly (born 20 August 1982) is an actress from Northern Ireland. She made her on-screen debut in 2005 in the Channel 4 drama "Sugar Rush", where she featured as a love interest of the female protagonist in two episodes. She is also known for appearing in "Casualty", "Hex", and as a main character in the Irish film "Insatiable" (2008). She also starred in "", a BBC drama on the life of George Best, playing Best's sister, Barbara. She starred in Jez Butterworth's new play, "The River" at the Royal Court Theatre, alongside Dominic West and Miranda Raison. She reprised her role in the Broadway production alongside Hugh Jackman.

neg: Stephanie Fearon Stephanie Leanne Fearon (sometimes credited as Steph Fearon, born 8 February 1989) is a British stage and television actress most noted for her TV appearances in the CITV show "My Parents Are Aliens" and the BBC talent-search "Over the Rainbow".

neg: Christine Lakin Christine Helen Lakin (born January 25, 1979) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Alicia "Al" Lambert on the 1990s ABC/CBS situation comedy "Step by Step". She also played Joan of Arc on Showtime's "Reefer Madness", was the sidekick on Craig Kilborn's 2010 Fox talk show "The Kilborn File", and provides the voice of Joyce Kinney in "Family Guy".

neg: Step Lively (1944 film) Step Lively is a 1944 American musical film directed by Tim Whelan and starring Frank Sinatra. "Step Lively" was based on the 1937 play "Room Service", by Allen Boretz and John Murray. It was a remake of the 1938 RKO film "Room Service", starring the Marx Brothers, Lucille Ball, and Ann Miller.

neg: Ellie Kemper Elizabeth Claire Kemper (born May 2, 1980) is an American actress and comedian. She gained prominence when she starred in the NBC series "The Office" as receptionist Erin Hannon for the final five seasons. After her role in "The Office", she was cast in a leading role as Kimmy Schmidt in the Netflix comedy series "Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt", for which she has received critical acclaim. Kemper is also known for her supporting roles in the films "Bridesmaids" (2011) and "21 Jump Street" (2012).

neg: Jenifer Lewis Jenifer Jeanette Lewis (born January 25, 1957) is an American actress, comedian, singer and activist. She began her career appearing in Broadway musicals and worked as a back-up singer for Bette Midler, before appearing in films "Beaches" (1988) and "Sister Act" (1992).

neg: Nathan Lane Nathan Lane (born Joseph Lane; February 3, 1956) is an American actor and writer. He is known for his roles as Albert in "The Birdcage", Max Bialystock in the musical "The Producers", Ernie Smuntz in "MouseHunt", Nathan Detroit in "Guys and Dolls", Pseudolus in "A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum", his voice work in "The Lion King" as Timon and "Stuart Little" as Snowbell, and his recurring roles on "Modern Family", "The Good Wife", and "" as F. Lee Bailey. In 2006, Lane received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, and in 2008, he was inducted into the American Theatre Hall of Fame.

neg: She's Funny That Way "She's Funny That Way" or "He's Funny That Way" is a popular song, composed by Neil Moret, with lyrics by Richard Whiting. It was composed for the short film "Gems Of M-G-M" in 1929 for Wynonie Harris, though the film was not released until 1931. A torch song, according to Philip Futira and Michael Lasser, the "song begins self-deprecatingly—'I'm not much to look at, I'm nothing to see'—but "at the end of each chorus, it affirms the lover's good fortune: 'I've got a woman crazy 'bout me, she's funny that way. They state that it is unusual as the song was written from a man's point of view, whereas most torch songs are written from the female perspective about a man who betrayed or abused the woman.


query: What are Hijara and Chicken Cha Cha Cha?

pos: Hijara Hijara is a two-player abstract strategy board game played with small stones. It has been likened to a three-dimensional game on a two-dimensional board.

pos: Chicken Cha Cha Cha Chicken Cha Cha Cha (original German name: "Zicke Zacke Hühnerkacke") is a board game for two to four players from four years onwards. It was designed by Klaus Zoch and self-published. It was illustrated by Doris Matthäus. The game was awarded the special prize for children's games in the Spiel des Jahres competition in 1998.

neg: Chicken tabaka Chicken tabaka (Georgian: წიწილა ტაბაკა "tsitsila tabaka") or chicken tapaka (Georgian: წიწილა ტაფაკა "tsitsila tapaka") is a traditional Georgian dish of a pan-fried chicken which is also popular in other Caucasian cuisines. It also became a common restaurant dish in the Soviet cuisine and is found nowadays in many restaurants throughout Eastern Europe and Central Asia.

neg: Hi (song) "Hi" (Hebrew: חי , English: "Alive") was the Israeli entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1983, performed in Hebrew by Ofra Haza. The song title was transliterated at the contest as "Hi", and has also been credited in other media as "Khay", "Jai", "Hay" and "Chai".

neg: Chilla (retreat) Chilla (Persian: چله  , Arabic: أربعين  , both literally "forty") is a spiritual practice of penance and solitude in Sufism known mostly in Indian and Persian traditions. In this ritual a mendicant or ascetic attempts to remain seated in a circle practicing meditation techniques without food for 40 days and nights in imitation of the Arba'een. The fan

neg: Ch'aki Qucha (disambiguation) Ch'aki Qucha or Ch'akiqucha (Quechua "ch'aki" dry, "qucha" lake, "dry lake", also spelled "Chaguicocha, Chaqui Khocha, Chaqui Kocha, Chaquicocha, Chaquiccocha, Chaquijocha") may refer to:

neg: Chaunsa Chaunsa (Sindhi: چونسو , Punjabi: چونسا ) is a variety of mango. Chaunsa is mainly produced in Mirpur Khas Sindh and Multan, Sahiwal Punjab in Pakistan. This variety of mango was originally made popular by Sher Shah Suri throughout the subcontinent. While commemorating his victory over Humayun at Chausa, he gave his favorite mango the name "Chaunsa".

neg: Chakhokhbili Chakhokhbili (Georgian: ჩახოხბილი ) is a traditional Georgian dish of stewed chicken with fresh herbs.

neg: Chakna Chakna or chaakna is a spicy stew made out of goat tripe and other animal digestive parts. It is a speciality among Hyderabadi Muslims. The tripe stew includes chunks of liver and kidneys.

neg: Tejara Tejara is a historical place in Kutch district of Gujarat, India.

neg: Galinha à africana Galinha à africana (] , "African-style chicken", often known just as "frango assado" (] , "barbecued chicken", is a dish popular in Macau. It is a barbecued chicken coated with spicy piri piri sauce, which sometimes includes Asian ingredients such as coconut milk or peanuts.

neg: Consortium of Humanitarian Agencies The Consortium of Humanitarian Agencies (CHA) was established in Sri Lanka in April 1997 to serve a membership and has since become a national service provider in the non-profit sector.

neg: Hen and chicken plant Hen and chicken is a common name for several unrelated groups of plants. The name refers to the tendency of certain of these species to reproduce vegetatively by means of plantlets. These tiny plants are produced by the mother plant, and take root on touching the ground.

neg: Haathi Chaap Haathi Chaap is a brand of paper manufactured in Rajasthan, India, out of elephant dung. The name comes from 'Haathi', meaning 'Elephant' in Hindi and 'Chaap' which means 'press' or 'imprint'. Elephant dung paper was probably first made in Thailand. Other than in India, elephant dung paper is also being manufactured in Sri Lanka and South Africa.

neg: Chalio Chalio / Chaliho also called Chaliho Sahib is a forty-day-long festival celebrated by Hindu Sindhi community.

neg: Chuchvara Chuchpara, chuchvara, chöchöre, dushpara, tushpara or tushbera (Uyghur: chöchöre  , Kyrgyz: чүчпара́ , Uzbek: "чучвара́" , Kazakh: түшпара́ , Azerbaijani: "düşbərə" ) is a small dumpling typical of Central Asian cuisine. Made of unleavened dough squares filled with meat, it is similar to the Russian pelmeni and the Chinese wonton, but in observance of the Islamic dietary rules, the meat filling is without pork. The dough for chuchvara is made with flour, eggs, water and salt, unrolled in a layer 1—1.5 mm thick, and cut into squares. A dollop of meat filling, seasoned with chopped onions, pepper, salt and thyme, is placed at the centre of each square, and the corners are pinched and folded. Chuchvara is boiled in meat broth until the dumplings rise to the surface. Chuchvara can be served in a clear soup or on their own, with vinegar or sauce based on finely chopped greens, tomatoes and hot peppers. Another popular way of serving chuchvara is topped with syuzma (strained qatiq) or with smetana (sour cream), Russian-style.

neg: Doodh pati chai Doodh pati chai (from hi

neg: Chak Haryam Chak Haryam (Urdu:چک حریام) is a village, near Islamgarh in the Chakswari tehsil of Mirpur District of Azad Kashmir, Pakistan.

neg: Malay chicken The Malay is a breed of game chicken. It is the tallest breed of chicken, and may stand over high. The Malay is bred principally in Europe, and in Australia and the United States. It was derived, partly in Devon and Cornwall in south-west England, from birds imported from Indian subcontinent or South-east Asia in the first decades of the nineteenth century, when large birds of this type were widespread in northern India, in Indonesia and in the Malay Peninsula.

neg: Hồ chicken The Hồ chicken or gà Hồ is a breed of chicken originating in Bắc Ninh Province, Vietnam. It is one of many local chicken varieties in Vietnam including: gà Ri (the most popular breed), gà Tàu Vàng, gà Nòi, gà Đông Tảo, gà Mía, gà Tam Hoàng, gà Lương Phượng, etc.

neg: Miracle Chapati The Miracle Chapati or Chapati Jesus is a chapati, or flat unleavened bread, roughly eight centimeters in diameter with, what believers claim, is an image of Christ miraculously burnt on it. The chapati was baked by Shella Anthony of Bangalore, India in early September 2002, enshrined in Bangalore, and visited by thousands of believers and curious onlookers.

neg: Opor ayam Opor ayam is a dish consisting of chicken cooked in coconut milk from Indonesia, especially from Central Java. Spice mixture ("bumbu") include galangal, lemongrass, cinnamon, tamarind juice, palm sugar, coriander, cumin, candlenut, garlic, shallot, and pepper. Opor ayam is also a popular dish for "lebaran" or Eid ul-Fitr, usually eaten with ketupat and "sambal goreng ati" (beef liver in sambal).


query: When did the empire, which was responsible for creating the Nysa Bridge, begin?

pos: Nysa Bridge The Nysa Bridge is a late imperial Roman bridge over the Cakircak stream in Nysa (modern Sultanhisar) in the ancient region of Caria, modern-day Turkey. The 100 m long substructure was the second largest of its kind in antiquity, after the Pergamon Bridge.

pos: History of the Roman Empire The history of the Roman Empire covers the history of Ancient Rome from the fall of the Roman Republic in 27 BC until the abdication of the last Western emperor in 476 AD. Rome had begun expanding shortly after the founding of the Republic in the 6th century BC, though it did not expand outside of the Italian Peninsula until the 3rd century BC. Civil war engulfed the Roman state in the mid 1st century BC, first between Julius Caesar and Pompey, and finally between Octavian and Mark Antony. Antony was defeated at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC. In 27 BC the Senate and People of Rome made Octavian "imperator" ("commander") thus beginning the Principate, the first epoch of Roman imperial history usually dated from 27 BC to 284 AD; they later awarded him the name Augustus, "the venerated". The success of Augustus in establishing principles of dynastic succession was limited by his outliving a number of talented potential heirs: the Julio-Claudian dynasty lasted for four more emperors—Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, and Nero—before it yielded in 69 AD to the strife-torn Year of Four Emperors, from which Vespasian emerged as victor. Vespasian became the founder of the brief Flavian dynasty, to be followed by the Nerva–Antonine dynasty which produced the "Five Good Emperors": Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius and the philosophically inclined Marcus Aurelius. In the view of the Greek historian Dio Cassius, a contemporary observer, the accession of the emperor Commodus in 180 AD marked the descent "from a kingdom of gold to one of rust and iron"—a famous comment which has led some historians, notably Edward Gibbon, to take Commodus' reign as the beginning of the decline of the Roman Empire.

neg: Inca rope bridge Inca rope bridges are simple suspension bridges over canyons and gorges and rivers ("pongos") constructed by the Inca Empire. The bridges were an integral part of the Inca road system and exemplify Inca innovation in engineering. Bridges of this type were useful since the Inca people did not use wheeled transport - traffic was limited to pedestrians and livestock - and they were frequently used by Chasqui runners delivering messages throughout the Inca Empire.

neg: Union Arch Bridge The Union Arch Bridge, also called the "Cabin John Bridge", is a historic masonry structure in Cabin John, Maryland. It was designed as part of the Washington Aqueduct. The bridge construction began in 1857 and was completed in 1864. The roadway surface was added later. The bridge was designed by Alfred Landon Rives, and built by the United States Army Corps of Engineers under the direction of Lieutenant Montgomery C. Meigs.

neg: Empire Zone An Empire Zone is an area of up to two non-contiguous miles, in which tax incentives are offered by the state of New York, under the Empire Zones Program . This program was designed to bring new businesses and jobs to the state. In 1999, the New York State Economic Development Zones program became the Empire Zones program at the direction of Gov. George Pataki. Today there are 82 Empire Zones in New York, and 9,800 certified businesses operating within them .

neg: Empire Buildings The Empire Buildings , also often referred to as the Empire Building, are a group of heritage listed buildings on the corner of Stirling Terrace and York Street overlooking Princess Royal Harbour in Albany in the Great Southern region of Western Australia.

neg: Detroit–Superior Bridge The Detroit–Superior Bridge (officially known as the Veterans Memorial Bridge) is a 3,112 foot (949 meter) long through arch bridge over the Cuyahoga River in Cleveland, Ohio. The bridge links Detroit Avenue on Cleveland's west side and Superior Avenue on Cleveland's east side, terminating west of Public Square. Construction by the King Bridge Company began in 1914 and completed in 1918, at a cost of $5.4 million. It was the first fixed high level bridge in Cleveland, and the third high level bridge above the Cuyahoga (the first was the Old Superior Viaduct and the second the Central Viaduct, also built by the King Company). At the time of its completion, the bridge was the largest steel and concrete reinforced bridge in the world.

neg: Ponte di Pioraco The Ponte di Pioraco is a Roman bridge in Pioraco, central Italy, presumably erected under emperor Augustus (r. 30 BC–14 AD).

neg: Roman Republic The Roman Republic (Latin: Res publica Romana ; ] ) was the era of ancient Roman civilization beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom, traditionally dated to 509 BC, and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire. It was during this period that Rome's control expanded from the city's immediate surroundings to hegemony over the entire Mediterranean world.

neg: Empire (graphic novel) Empire is a 1978 graphic novel written by Samuel R. Delany and illustrated by Howard Chaykin.

neg: Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation The Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation (BMT) was an urban transit holding company, based in Brooklyn, New York City, United States, and incorporated in 1923. The system was sold to the city in 1940. Today, together with the IND subway system, it forms the B Division of the modern New York City Subway. The original BMT routes currently form the J/Z , L , M , N , Q , R and W trains, as well as the Franklin Avenue Shuttle, with the IND B , D , and F using BMT trackage in Brooklyn, as does a short section of the A in Queens. The M train enters the IND via the Chrystie Street Connection after crossing the Williamsburg Bridge, the Q , along with some rush-hour N trains enter the IND from the BMT 63rd Street Line and the R train enters the IND via the 60th Street Tunnel Connection. The Z train supplements the J in the peak direction during rush hours only.

neg: Nypano Railroad The Nypano Railroad, earlier the New York, Pennsylvania and Ohio Railroad, was organized from the bankrupt Atlantic and Great Western Railroad in March 1880.

neg: Empire (Vidal novel) Empire is the fourth historical novel in the "Narratives of Empire" series by Gore Vidal, published in 1987.

neg: Pala Empire The Pala Empire was an imperial power during the Late Classical period on the Indian subcontinent, which originated in the region of Bengal. It is named after its ruling dynasty, whose rulers bore names ending with the suffix of "Pala", which meant "protector" in the ancient language of Prakrit. They were followers of the Mahayana and Tantric schools of Buddhism. The empire was founded with the election of Gopala as the emperor of Gauda in 750 CE. The Pala stronghold was located in Bengal and Bihar, which included the major cities of Vikrampura, Pataliputra, Gauda, Monghyr, Somapura, Ramvati (Varendra), Tamralipta and Jaggadala.

neg: Empire (PLATO) Empire is the name of a computer game written for the PLATO system in 1973. It is significant for being quite probably the first networked multiplayer arena shooter-style game. It may also be the first networked multiplayer action game (although "Maze War" is another possibility for this distinction).

neg: Hadrian's Wall Hadrian's Wall (Latin: "Vallum Aelium" ), also called the Roman Wall, Picts' Wall, or "Vallum Hadriani" in Latin, was a defensive fortification in the Roman province of Britannia, begun in AD 122 in the reign of the emperor Hadrian. It ran from the banks of the River Tyne near the North Sea to the Solway Firth on the Irish Sea, and was the northern limit of the Roman Empire, immediately north of which were the lands of the northern Ancient Britons, including the Picts.

neg: Club of great powers The Great Powers' Club or The Club of Great Powers is a term used by historians to refer to a collection of empires in the ancient Near East and Egypt between 1500-1100 BC, or the Late Bronze Age. These powers were Assyria, Babylon, Egyptian Empire, Hittite Empire, and Mitanni, viz. the major powers in Mesopotamia, the Levant and Anatolia.

neg: List of Empire ships (P) The Empire ships were a series of ships in the service of the British Government. Their names were all prefixed with "Empire". Mostly they were used during World War II by the Ministry of War Transport (MoWT), who owned the ships but contracted out their management to various shipping lines. Some ships requisitioned during the Suez Crisis were also given the "Empire" prefix. They were acquired from a number of sources. Many were built for the MoWT, others obtained from the United States, still others were captured or seized from enemy powers.

neg: Aqua Anio Novus Aqua Anio Novus (Latin for "New Anio aqueduct") was an ancient aqueduct of Rome. Like the "Aqua Claudia", it was begun by emperor Caligula in 38 AD and completed in 52 AD by Claudius, who dedicated them both on August 1. Together with the Aqua Anio Vetus, Aqua Marcia and Aqua Claudia, it is regarded as one of the "four great aqueducts of Rome."

neg: Old St. Peter's Basilica Old St. Peter's Basilica was the building that stood, from the 4th to 16th centuries, where the new St. Peter's Basilica stands today in Vatican City. Construction of the basilica, built over the historical site of the Circus of Nero, began during the reign of Emperor Constantine I. The name "old St. Peter's Basilica" has been used since the construction of the current basilica to distinguish the two buildings.

neg: League of the Empire League of the Empire, often referred to as "League of Empire" was a British organisation with branches throughout the British Empire, with the aim of inculcating patriotic feelings, and was successful in inaugurating Empire Day, on 24 May, prior to 1901 celebrated as the Queen's Birthday. The object of the league was stated as "... to inspire personal and active interest in the Empire as a whole, and to promote educational and friendly intercommunication between its different parts (1) through the teaching of Imperial history and conditions by means of public and school lectures; (2) through the furtherance of such training as shall make members efficient citizens in whatever part of the Empire they may be called upon to live; and (3) through the supplying to the youth of the Empire a common bond of literary intercourse by means of a magazine, or by means of written correspondence, member with member, or school with school."

neg: History of New York City The written history of New York City began with the first European explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano in 1524. European settlement began with the Dutch in 1609.


query: In which country will you find the Sekyere Afram Plains District, one of 27 districts in the Ashanti Region whose capital is a small town known for the Tweneboa Kodua Secondary School?

pos: Kumawu Kumawu is a small town and is the capital of Sekyere Kumawu, a district in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. The town is known for the Tweneboa Kodua Secondary School. The school is a second cycle institution.

pos: Sekyere Afram Plains District The Sekyere Afram Plains District is one of the twenty-seven (27) districts in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. Its capital is Kumawu. The district is among the new districts and municipalities created in 2008 by the then President, John Kufuor.

neg: Beposo Beposo is a town in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. The town is known for the Beposo Senior High School. Also known as Great Besec. The school is a second cycle institution.

neg: Tlokweng Tlokweng is a village located directly adjacent to the capital of Botswana, Gaborone, in the South-East District. It can be considered part of the conurbation of Gaborone. Tlokweng stands on the other side of the river, and is on the road to the border with South Africa, the border post being just 15 km to the east. The population was 35,982 at the 2011 census. It is now part of Gaborone agglomeration, home to 421,907 inhabitants at the 2011 census. The tribe originating from Tlokweng is referred to as Batlokwa. Many people from across Botswana have come to seek permanent and sometimes temporary settlement in Tlokweng because of its proximity to the capital city where most jobs are.

neg: Oboo, Ghana Oboo is a small town in the Kwahu South district in Eastern Ghana.

neg: Tempane Tempane is a town in the Upper East Region of Ghana. The town is known for the Garu Tempane Secondary School. The school is a second cycle institution.

neg: Jukwaa Jukwaa, also known as Dwokwaa, is a town in the Central Region of Ghana. It is the traditional capital of the people of Denkyira and is located in the Twifo-Ati Mokwa District in the Central Region. The Jukwa Senior High School is found in this town.

neg: Bompata Bompata is a town in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. The town is known for the Bompata Presby Secondary School. The school is a second cycle institution.

neg: Ketu (Benin) Ketu is a historical region in what is now the Republic of Benin, in the area of the town of Kétou (Ketu). It is one of the oldest capitals of the Yoruba speaking people, tracing its establishment to a settlement founded by a descendant of Oduduwa, also known as Odudua, Oòdua and Eleduwa. The regents of the town were traditionally styled "Alaketu", and are related to the Egba sub-group of the Yoruba people in present-day Nigeria.

neg: Kwadjokrom Kwadjokrom is a small town and is the capital of Sene District in the Brong-Ahafo Region of Eastern Region in south Ghana. Kwadjokrom is in the east of Brong-Ahafo Region, and is situated by Lake Volta. Kwadjokrom is connected by road highway to Ejura and Yeji. Kwadjokrom is connected by a ferry to the town of Kete Krachi.

neg: Ejura Ejura is a town and the capital of Ejura/Sekyedumase, a district in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. Ejura has settlement population of 70,807 people. Ejura is the largest maize producing district in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. It is in the far north of the region, near the Afram River. Ejura is connected by highways with the towns of Mampong, Yeji and Techiman. Ejura is home to the Digya National Park / Kujani Game Reserve.

neg: Kojokrom, Ghana Kojokrom is a town in the Western region of Ghana. It is 20 kilometres from the centre Takoradi the Western regional capital. It is about 5 kilometers for Sekondi The town is used mainly as a dormitory town for various workers who work in the regional capital and its environs though quite a sizable number of residents also are engaged in the wood industry. Such residents either engage in trading of bulk planks of various woods or are carpenters.

neg: Nyinahin Nyinahin is a small town and is the capital of Atwima Mponua, a district in the Ashanti Region of Ghana.

neg: Apremodo, Ghana Apremodo is a town in the Western region of Ghana. It is about 8 kilometres from Takoradi the regional capital. It apart from serving as a dormitory town for many of the workers who work in an around Takoradi, it also serves as a military base for the 2nd Infantry battalion of the Ghana Army. Again, part of the town houses the expanded part of the Market Circle, Takoradi's main market.

neg: Jamasi Jamasi is a town in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. The town is known for the Adu Gyamfi Secondary School. The school is a second cycle institution.

neg: Mafi-Kumasi Mafi-Kumase is a town in the Volta Region of Ghana, located in the Central Tongu Constituency of the North Tongu District. The town is known for the Mafi-Kumase Secondary Technical School and the commercial production of Gari. The school is a second cycle institution.

neg: Koidu , or Sefadu) is the capital and largest city of the diamond-rich Kono District in the Eastern Province of Sierra Leone. The population of Koidu Town is [128,074 based on the 2015 Sierra Leone Census. Koidu Town is the fourth largest city in Sierra Leone by population, after Freetown, Bo and Kenema. The city is a major urban, business, commercial and diamond trade center. Koidu Town lies approximately 270 miles east of Freetown.

neg: Baglo Baglo is a town in the Volta Region of Ghana. The town is known for the Baglo Secondary School. The school is a second cycle institution.

neg: Assin Kyekyewere Assin Kyekyewere is a small town and is the district capital of Assin South district in the Central Region of Ghana. Due to its proximity to Assin Nsuaem, it is often mistaken to be part of the same town.

neg: Tarkwa Tarkwa is a town and is the capital of Tarkwa-Nsuaem Municipal district, a district in the Western Region southwest of South Ghana. Tarkwa has a 2013 settlement population of 34,941 people.

neg: Ahafo Ano South District The Ahafo Ano South District is one of the twenty-seven districts in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. Its capital is Mankranso. As of Ghana's 2010 Census Ahafo Ano South had a population of 121,659.

neg: Volta Region Volta Region (or Volta), is one of Ghana's ten administrative regions, with Ho designated as its capital. It is located west of Republic of Togo and to the east of Lake Volta. Divided into 25 administrative districts, the region is multi-ethnic and multilingual, including groups such as the Ewe, the Guan, and the Akan peoples. The Guan peoples include the Lolobi, Likpe, Akpafu, Buem, and Nkonya people, et al.