query: what is the real name of Alex Andreas's potrayal on satge of The Big Bopper?

pos: Alex Andreas Alex Andreas (formerly Alex Andrea) (born 9 September 1970 ) is an English actor/singer. He trained at the London School of Musical Theatre (LSMT), and is probably best known for his portrayal on stage of The Big Bopper in "The Buddy Holly Story", between 1996–2001, in Hamburg, Germany, and on tour in the UK. He is currently playing Tony Scibelli in The Bodyguard Musical UK No. 1 Tour.

pos: The Big Bopper Jiles Perry "J. P." Richardson Jr. (October 24, 1930 – February 3, 1959), known as The Big Bopper, was an American musician, songwriter, and disc jockey whose big rockabilly look, style, voice, and exuberant personality made him an early rock and roll star. He is best known for his 1958 recording of "Chantilly Lace".

neg: Alex Asensi Alex Asensi (born February 9, 1984 in Valencia), is a Photographer and distinguished Pingpongo player in Norway. He has won four official Pingpongo tournaments in Oslo finishing the season 2013-2015 as the top leader of the Norwegian Ranking. He has also finished the season 2014-2015 as the number 2 of the World Biennial Ranking. He played 28 matches winning 24 of them.

neg: Alexander Khateeb Alexander Abdelmajeed (Alex) Khateeb (born 8 June 1984) is a British racing driver, currently driving in Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0.

neg: Alexander Hermansson (entertainer) Alexander "Alex" Ken Hermansson, (born 22 January 1992) is a Swedish YouTube and television presenter. Hermansson was a member of the extremesports and entertainment group Rackartygarna.

neg: Andreas Hadelöv Andreas Hadelöv (born July 23, 1975) is a Swedish professional ice hockey player currently with the Skellefteå AIK team in the Swedish Elitserien league.

neg: Arthur Berkut Artur Vyacheslavovich Mikheev (Russian: Артур Вячеславович Михеев , born 24 May 1962), better known under his stage name Arthur Berkut (Russian: Артур Беркут), is a Russian singer. Throughout his career, he has participated in numerous bands, with the most notable being Autograph, Mavrik, and Aria.

neg: Alex Graham (cartoonist) Alexander S. Graham (Patrick, Glasgow, 2 March 1917 – 4 December 1991) was a British cartoonist who created the comic strip, "Fred Basset".

neg: Gustaf Håkansson Nils Gustaf Håkansson, (October 15, 1885 in Helsingborg stadsförsamling – June 9, 1987 in Ekerö, Stockholm), became famous as the Stålfarfar ("Super Grandpa" - from "Stålmannen", the Swedish name for Superman) after cycling the Sverigeloppet, a race covering the length of Sweden, at 66 years of age.

neg: Andy Lee Lang Andreas Lang, better known by the stagename Andy Lee Lang (born Vienna 26 July 1965) is an Austrian rock'n'roll musician. He has performed with Jerry Lee Lewis, Chuck Berry, George Harrison and Fats Domino.

neg: Alex Horne Alexander James Jeffrey "Alex" Horne (born 10 September 1978) is a British comedian. He is the host of "The Horne Section", a live music variety show which has been broadcast on BBC Radio 4.

neg: Andreas Weidinger Andreas Weidinger (born 1970) is an award-winning German composer, producer, conductor, and arranger for film, television, and records.

neg: Andreas Stensland Løwe Andreas Stensland Løwe (born 14 October 1983 in Larvik, Norway) is a Norwegian jazz pianist from Hedrum, living in Oslo, with a taste for electronic sound processing. He is known from bands like Splashgirl, Silent Velcro and The Captain & Me, and collaborations with artists like Hanne Kolstø, Frida Ånnevik and Susanna Wallumrød.

neg: Count Bobby Count Bobby (German: Graf Bobby ) is a fictional Viennese comic figure that has been very popular for many years. The inventors of Count Bobby are unknown. Originally a popular figure in jokes, in the early 1950s Count Bobby became so popular that the jokes were collected in anthologies. Later, he was the main character in a number of films, played by Peter Alexander.

neg: Andreas Simonsen Andreas Simonsen (born 8 October 1989) is a Swedish auto racing driver from Gothenburg, who mainly competed in the German GT championship.

neg: Alex Halberstadt Alex Halberstadt (born in 1970 in Moscow) is an American writer, noted in particular for his biography of Doc Pomus.

neg: Trademark Da Skydiver Alex Washington (born February 27, 1987), better known by his stage name Trademark Da Skydiver, is a rapper from New Orleans, LA. He was a member of the Hip-Hop group Jet Life and performs under the aliases "Super Villain" and "Flamingo Barnes."

neg: Andreas Ulvo Andreas Ulvo (born 22 July 1983 in Kongsvinger, Norway) is a Norwegian jazz pianist, organist, keyboardist and composer, known from cooperations with Shining, Ingrid Olava, Mathias Eick Quartet, Solveig Slettahjell & Slow Motion Orchestra, Karl Seglem and Thom Hell.

neg: Alex Goot Alexander George Goot (born March 15, 1988, Poughkeepsie, New York) is a singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist from New York City. His channel, "GootMusic", is the 1582nd most watched channel on YouTube. He plays acoustic guitar, bass guitar, piano, drums and other instruments.

neg: Alexander Worple Alexander Worple is a recurring fictional character from the Jeeves novels of British comic writer P. G. Wodehouse, being a choleric Manhattan millionaire as well as a businessman in the jute business. In the 1990s television series "Jeeves and Wooster" he is portrayed by Bill Bailey .

neg: Alex Brooker Alexander James "Alex" Brooker (born 15 May 1984) is an English journalist, presenter and comedian best known for his television work with Channel 4.

neg: Alex Bogomolov Jr. Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Bogomolov Jr. (Russian: Александр Александрович «Алекс» Богомолов , born April 23, 1983), nicknamed Bogie, is a Russian-American retired professional tennis player.


query: Ur-Nungal of Uruk was the sixth Sumerian ruler in the First Dynasty of Uruk, he was the father of which person that became the seventh Sumerian ruler in the First Dynasty of Uruk?

pos: Ur-Nungal Ur-Nungal of Uruk was the sixth Sumerian ruler in the First Dynasty of Uruk (ca. 26th century BC), and son of Gilgamesh according to the Sumerian king list. He was the father of Udul-kalama.

pos: Udul-kalama Udul-kalama of Uruk was the seventh Sumerian ruler in the First Dynasty of Uruk (ca. 26th century BC), according to the Sumerian king list. He was a son of Ur-Nungal and grandson of Gilgamesh. However, unlike his predecessors, he left no other known documents or relics mentioning his name, and he may have been one of several minor kings of Uruk added to the list, who reigned when hegemony was actually held by the first dynasty of Ur.

neg: Tizqar Tizqar of Kish was the nineteenth Sumerian king in the First Dynasty of Kish (after c. 2900 BC), according to the Sumerian king list.

neg: Kubaba Kubaba (in the "Weidner" or "Esagila Chronicle"; Sumerian: Kug-Bau) is the only queen on the "Sumerian King List", which states she reigned for 100 years – roughly in the Early Dynastic III period (ca. 2500-2330 BC) of Sumerian history. In later times, she was worshipped as a goddess.

neg: Sarlagab Sarlagab or Zarlagab ("fl." Late 3rd millennium BC) was the 2nd Gutian ruler of the Gutian Dynasty of Sumer mentioned on the ""Sumerian King List"" ("SKL") as possibly reigning for 6 years. Sarlagab may have been a contemporary of the Akkadian king Shar-kali-sharri, if he is the same Gutian king Sharlag whom Shar-kali-sharri captured according to one of his year-names. Also according to the "SKL": he was the successor of Inkishush. Shulme then succeeded Inkishush.

neg: Sargon of Akkad Sargon of Akkad (Akkadian 𒈗𒌑𒄀 "Šarru-ukīn" or "Šarru-kēn"; sometimes known as "Sargon the Great") was the first ruler of the Semitic-speaking Akkadian Empire, known for his conquests of the Sumerian city-states in the 24th to 23rd centuries BC.

neg: Enlil-nadin-ahi Enlil-nādin-aḫe, “Enlil gives a brother,” or "Enlil-šuma-uṣur", “Enlil protect the son,” depending on the reading of –MU-ŠEŠ, ca. 1157—1155 BC (short chronology), was the 36th and final king of the Kassite or 3rd dynasty that had ruled over Babylon and the land known as Karduniash since perhaps around 1500 BC.

neg: La'ibum The Sumerian Sargon legend mentions Laʻibum as the name of the biological father of Sargon of Akkad.

neg: Arame of Urartu Arame or Aramu (Armenian: Արամե) (ruled 858–844 BC) was the first known king of Urartu.

neg: Samani (Assyrian king) Samani was the nineteenth Assyrian monarch of the Early Period of "Aššūrāyu" ("Assyria") according to the "Assyrian King List" (AKL). Samani is listed within a section of the AKL as the third out of the ten "kings whose fathers are known". This section (which in contrast to the rest of the list) had been written in reverse order—beginning with "Aminu" and ending with "Apiashal" “"altogether ten kings who are ancestors"”—and has often been interpreted as the list of ancestors of the Amorite "Šamši-Adad I" ("fl." "c." 1809 BCE) who had conquered the city-state of "Aššur". The AKL also states that "Samani" was the son and successor of "Hale". Additionally, the AKL states that Samani had been both the predecessor and father of "Hayani".

neg: Jushur Jushur (cuneiform: 𒄑𒃡 ĜIŠ.UR; Sumerian: "Ĝušur") was the first king of the first dynasty of Kish according to the Sumerian king list. It claims he reigned in Sumer for 1,200 years as the first post-diluvian king.

neg: Yarla Yarla ("fl." Late 3rd millennium BCE) was the 9th Gutian ruler of the Gutian Dynasty of Sumer mentioned on the ""Sumerian King List"" ("SKL"). Yarla was the successor of Ibate. Kurum then succeeded Yarla.

neg: Gudea Gudea was a ruler ("ensi") of the state of Lagash in Southern Mesopotamia who ruled c. 2144–2124 BC. He probably did not come from the city, but had married Ninalla, daughter of the ruler Ur-Baba (2164–2144 BC) of Lagash, thus gaining entrance to the royal house of Lagash. He was succeeded by his son Ur-Ningirsu.

neg: Meriiti Meriiti (Meri-iti, "beloved of the father") was an Ancient Egyptian official living at the end of the First Dynasty around 2900 BC. He is only known from his stela found in tomb 810.H.11 at Helwan. The stela was found in the burial chamber next to the coffin. It shows on the left Meriiti sitting on a chair with offerings in front of him. On the right side of the stela is a list of Meriiti's titles.

neg: Meskalamdug Meskalamdug ("hero of the good land") was an early ruler (ensi ) of Ur who does not appear in the Sumerian king list.

neg: Mentuhotep I Mentuhotep I (also Mentuhotep-aa, i.e. "the Great") was a likely Theban nomarch and independent ruler of Upper Egypt during the early First Intermediate Period. He was later probably considered to be the founding father of the Eleventh dynasty, which rose to prominence under Intef II and Mentuhotep II.

neg: Abi-Eshuh Abī-Ešuḫ (variants: "a-bi-ši", “Abiši”, "E-bi-šum", “Ebišum”) was the 8th king of the 1st Dynasty of Babylon and reigned for 28 years from ca. 1648–1620 BC (short chronology) or 1711–1684 BC (middle chronology). He was preceded by Samsu-iluna, who was his father.

neg: Argishti I of Urartu Argishti I (Armenian: Արգիշտի Ա ), was the sixth known king of Urartu, reigning from 786 BC to 764 BC. He founded the citadel of Erebuni in 782 BC, which is the present capital of Armenia, Yerevan.

neg: Bëor Bëor the Old is a fictional character in J.R.R. Tolkien's Middle-earth legendarium. He appears in "The Silmarillion" as the leader of the First House of the Edain in the First Age, which was called the "Folk of Bëor" after him. He was the father of Baran and Belen and ancestor of Beren Camlost.

neg: Dumuzid the Shepherd Dumuzid, called "the Shepherd", (cuneiform:𒌉𒍣𒉺𒇻 ; Sumerian: "Dumuzid sipad") from Bad-tibira in Sumer, was the fifth predynastic king in the legendary period before the Deluge, according to the Sumerian King List. The list further states that Dumuzid ruled for 36,000 years.

neg: Mashda Mashda of Kish was the eleventh Sumerian king in the First Dynasty of Kish (after c. 2900 BC), according to the Sumerian king list. He was a son of the king Atab.

neg: Dudu of Akkad Dudu was a 21st-century BC king of Akkad, who reigned for 21 years according to the "Sumerian king list", although he is poorly attested archaeologically.


query: Marcin Kromer, was Prince-Bishop of Warmia (Ermland), a Polish cartographer, diplomat and historian in the Kingdom of Poland and later in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, he was a personal secretary to two Kings of Poland, Sigismund II Augustus and Sigismund I of Poland, of the Jagiellon dynasty, reigned as King of Poland and also as the Grand Duke of Lithuania, during which time span?

pos: Marcin Kromer Marcin Kromer (Latin: "Martinus Cromerus"; 11 November 1512 – 23 March 1589) was Prince-Bishop of Warmia (Ermland), a Polish cartographer, diplomat and historian in the Kingdom of Poland and later in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. He was a personal secretary to two Kings of Poland, Sigismund I the Old and Sigismund II Augustus.

pos: Sigismund I the Old Sigismund I of Poland (Polish: "Zygmunt I Stary" , Lithuanian: "Žygimantas I Senasis" ; 1 January 1467 – 1 April 1548), of the Jagiellon dynasty, reigned as King of Poland and also as the Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1506 until 1548. Earlier, Sigismund had been invested as Duke of Silesia. A successful monarch and a great patron of arts, he established Polish suzerainty over Ducal Prussia (East Prussia) and incorporated the duchy of Mazovia into the Polish state, securing the nation's wealth, culture and power.

neg: Frederick Augustus I of Saxony Frederick Augustus I (full name: "Frederick Augustus Joseph Maria Anthony John Nepomuk Aloysius Xavier"; German: "Friedrich August Josef Maria Anton Johann Nepomuk Alois Xavier" ; Polish: "Fryderyk August Józef Maria Antoni Jan Nepomucen Alojzy Ksawery Wettyn" ; 23 December 1750 – 5 May 1827) was King of Saxony (1805–1827) from the House of Wettin. He was also Elector Frederick Augustus III ("Friedrich August III.") of Saxony (1763–1806) and Duke Frederick Augustus I (Polish: "Fryderyk August I" ) of Warsaw (1807–1813).

neg: Casimir I of Warsaw Casimir I of Warsaw (pl: "Kazimierz I warszawski"; 1329/31 – 26 November/5 December 1355), was a Polish prince member of the House of Piast, Duke of Czersk during 1341-1349 jointly with his brother, since 1345 ruler over Rawa Mazowiecka jointly with his brother, since 1349 sole ruler over Warsaw, since 1351 sole ruler over Sochaczew, Polish vassal since 1351.

neg: Names and titles of Władysław II Jagiełło Jogaila, or Władysław II Jagiełło (ca.1351/1361–1434), was a Grand Duke of Lithuania and from 1386 Queen Jadwiga's husband and "jure uxoris" King of Poland. In Lithuania, he held the title "Didysis Kunigaikštis", translated as Grand Duke or Grand Prince ("kunigaikštis" is a cognate of "König" and "king", and "didysis" magnifies it).

neg: Janusz Radziwiłł (1579–1620) Janusz Radziwiłł (Lithuanian: "Jonušas Radvila" ),(Belarusian: Януш Радзівіл ) (2 July 1579 – 3 December 1620) was a noble and magnate of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. He was the deputy cup-bearer of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania since 1599, the castellan of Vilnius since 1619, and the starost of Borysów. Radziwiłł also held the title of "Reichsfürst" (Imperial Prince) of the Holy Roman Empire.

neg: Polish–Swedish War (1617–18) The Polish–Swedish War (1617–18) was a phase of the longer Polish–Swedish War of 1600 to 1629. It continued the war of 1600–11 and was an attempt by Sweden to take Polish pressure off Russia. The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was then also fighting Tartars and (on the southern front) the Ottoman Empire. Russia and Sweden were at that stage allied, prior to the Ingrian War, part of the Polish–Muscovite Wars. The 1617–18 war's cause was a dispute over Livonia and Estonia, and a dispute between Sigismund III Vasa and Gustavus Adolphus over the Swedish throne.

neg: Duchy of Livonia The Duchy of Livonia (Polish: "Księstwo Inflanckie" ; Lithuanian: "Livonijos kunigaikštystė" ; Latin: "Ducatus Ultradunensis" ; Estonian: "Üleväina-Liivimaa hertsogkond" ; Latvian: "Pārdaugavas hercogiste" ; also referred to as Polish Livonia or Inflanty) was a territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania—and later the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth—that existed from 1561 to 1621. It corresponds to the present-day areas of northern Latvia and southern Estonia.

neg: Jan Jacek Ogiński Prince Jan Jacek Ogiński (Lithuanian: "Jonas Jackus Oginskis" ) (1619 - 24 February 1684, Krakow) was a nobleman, commander and statesman of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. He was also known as Jan Samuelewicz Ogiński. He served as hetman of Lithuania from 1683 to 1684, an office also later held by the youngest of Jan's four sons, Grzegorz Antoni Ogiński.

neg: Jakub Kobylański Jakub Kobylański (or Jakub of Kobylany) (born ? - died 20 May 1454) was a Polish knight, and a court marshal to the Lithuanian Grand Duke Vytautas (Witold) between 1425 and 1430. He also served as the castellan of Biecz from 1444, and of Gniezno from 1453 until his death. He was also the Royal "Krajczy" ("Court Carver") to King of Poland Casimir IV Jagiellon, beginning in 1450.

neg: Sophia of Halshany Sophia of Halshany or Sonka Olshanskaya (Belarusian: Соф'я Гальшанская, "Sofja Halšanskaja" ; Lithuanian: "Sofija Alšėniškė" ; Polish: "Zofia Holszańska" ;  1405 – September 21, 1461 in Kraków) was a Grand Duchy of Lithuania princess of Halshany. As the fourth and last wife of Jogaila, King of Poland and Supreme Duke of Lithuania, she was Queen consort of Poland (1422–1434). As the mother of Władysław III, King of Poland and Hungary, and Casimir IV, Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland, she was the founder of the Jagiellon dynasty.

neg: Stanisław Poniatowski (1676–1762) Stanisław Poniatowski (15 September 1676 29 August 1762) was a Polish military commander, diplomat, and noble. Throughout his career, Poniatowski served in various military offices, and was a general in both the Swedish and Polish-Lithuanian militaries. He also held numerous civil positions, including those of "podstoli" of Lithuania and Grand Treasurer of the Lithuanian army in 1722, voivode of the Masovian Voivodeship in 1731, regimentarz of the Crown Army in 1728, and castellan of Kraków in 1752. Throughout his lifetime, he served in many "starost" positions.

neg: Casimir of Koźle Casimir of Koźle (Polish: Kazimierz kozielski ; ca. 1312 – by 2 March 1347) was a Duke of Koźle from 1336 until his death.

neg: Vladislaus II of Opole Vladislaus II of Opole (Polish: "Władysław Opolczyk" , German: "Wladislaus von Oppeln" , Hungarian: "Oppelni László" , Ukrainian: Владислав Опольчик ) (ca. 1332 – 18 May 1401) was a Duke of Opole from 1356 (as a Bohemian vassal), Count palatine of Hungary during 1367–1372, ruler over Lubliniec since 1368, Duke of Wieluń during 1370–1392, ruler over Bolesławiec from 1370 (only for his life), Governor of Galicia–Volhynia during 1372–1378, ruler over Pszczyna during 1375–1396, Count palatine of Poland in 1378, Duke of Dobrzyń and Kujawy during 1378–1392 (as a Polish vassal), ruler over Głogówek from 1383 and ruler over Krnov during 1385–1392.

neg: Union of Krewo In a strict sense, the Union of Krewo or Act of Krėva (also Union of Krevo, Act of Kreva) was a set of prenuptial promises made in the Kreva Castle on 14 August 1385 by Jogaila, Grand Duke of Lithuania, in exchange for marriage to the underage reigning Queen Jadwiga of Poland. The act was very limited in scope and in the historiography the term "Union of Krewo" often refers not only to the particular document but to the events of 1385–1386 as a whole. After the negotiations in 1385, Jogaila converted to Christianity, married Jadwiga, and was crowned King of Poland in 1386. The union was a decisive moment in the histories of Poland and Lithuania; it marked a beginning of the four centuries of shared history between the two nations. By 1569 the Polish–Lithuanian union grew into a new state, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, and lasted until the Third Partition in 1795.

neg: Sigismund Sigismund (variants: Sigmund, ) is a German proper name, meaning "protection through victory", from Old High German "sigu" "victory" + "munt" "hand, protection". Tacitus Latinises it "Segimundus". There appears to be an older form of the High German word "Sieg" (victory): "sigis", obviously Gothic and an inferred Germanic form, and there is a younger form: "sigi", which is Old Saxon or Old High German "sigu" (both from about 9th century). A 5th century Prince of Burgundy was known both as "Sigismund" and "Sigimund" (see Ernst Förstemann, "Altdeutsche Personennamen", 1906; Henning Kaufmann, "Altdeutsche Personennamen", Ergänzungsband,1968).

neg: Michael Žygimantaitis Michael Žygimantaitis (Lithuanian: "Mykolas Žygimantaitis" , Polish: "Michał Bolesław Zygmuntowicz" ; before 1406 – shortly before February 10, 1452 in Moscow) was the last male descendant of Kęstutis, Grand Duke of Lithuania. He supported his father Sigismund Kęstutaitis in power struggles with Švitrigaila. In 1435 he led his father's army to victory in the Battle of Pabaiskas. After his father's assassination in 1440, Michael unsuccessfully fought against Casimir IV Jagiellon for the title of the Grand Duke of Lithuania. At first Michael was supported by Samogitia, but in 1441 Casimir issued a privilege confirming Samogitia's semi-autonomous status and thus avoiding a civil war. Until 1447 he was supported by Dukes of Masovia. In 1448 Michael asked help from the Crimean Khanate. With their help he attacked and shortly took control of Kiev, Starodub, Novhorod-Siversky. Soon he was captured and transported to the Grand Duchy of Moscow where he died under unclear circumstances (possibly poisoned). He was buried in Vilnius Cathedral.

neg: Treaty of Vilnius (1559) The Treaty of Vilnius or Vilna was concluded on 31 August 1559, during the Livonian War, between the Livonian Order and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth at Vilnius (Vilna, Wilna, Wilno). Gotthard von Kettler put the lands of the order under protection of Polish king and Grand Duke of Lithuania, Sigismund II Augustus. The alliance was intended to neutralize the imminent threat of annexation of the order's lands by Russia, yet despite earning military support from Polish-Lithuanian chancellor Mikołaj "the Black" Radziwiłł, Kettler was unable to prevent the occupation of most of Livonia by Russian forces. Thus, Kettler concluded a second treaty with Poland-Lithuania on 28 November 1561, transferring the remnants of the Teutonic Order State to the Polish Crown and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, himself becoming a vassal of Sigismund II Augustus.

neg: List of early Lithuanian dukes Early dukes of Lithuania (including Samogitia) reigned before Lithuanians were unified by Mindaugas into a state, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. While the Palemonids legend provides genealogy from the 10th century, only few dukes were mentioned by contemporary historical sources. All of them were mentioned in written sources the 13th century. Data about them is extremely scarce and is usually limited to few brief sentences. The primary sources are the Chronicle of Henry of Livonia and Hypatian Codex.

neg: Duchy of Trakai Duchy of Trakai was a subdivision of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania during the 14th and early 15th centuries. The Duke of Trakai was an important position held either by the Grand Duke of Lithuania himself or his second-in-command.

neg: Jewna Jewna (Belarusian: Еўна , Lithuanian: "Jaunė" , literally, "young woman" in Lithuanian; died ca. 1344) was daughter of Prince Ivan of Polatsk and wife of Gediminas, the Grand Duke of Lithuania (1316–1341). She is mentioned in written sources only once – the "Bychowiec Chronicle", a late and unreliable source. Therefore, some historians cast a serious doubt on her existence, but modern reference works still widely cite her as the ancestress of the Gediminids dynasty.

neg: Urszula Meyerin Urszula Meyerin also Meierin (1570–1635) was a politically influential Polish courtier and mistress to King Sigismund III of Poland. Her real name might have been "Gienger" (or Gienger von Grünbüchl), but it is still a matter of dispute among historians; she signed all her letters as "Ursula Meyerin". In German, her last name means "chamberlain, administrator, manager".


query: What musical profession does Paul Hindemith and Mikhail Glinka have in common?

pos: Paul Hindemith Paul Hindemith ( ) (16 November 1895 – 28 December 1963) was a prolific German composer, violist, violinist, teacher and conductor. Notable compositions include his song cycle "Das Marienleben" (1923), "Der Schwanendreher" for viola and orchestra (1935), and opera "Mathis der Maler" (1938). Hindemith's most popular work, both on record and in the concert hall, is likely the "Symphonic Metamorphosis of Themes by Carl Maria von Weber", written in 1943.

pos: Mikhail Glinka Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka (Russian: Михаи́л Ива́нович Гли́нка ; 1 June [O.S. 20 May] 1804 15 February [O.S. 3 February] 1857 ) was the first Russian composer to gain wide recognition within his own country, and is often regarded as the fountainhead of Russian classical music. Glinka's compositions were an important influence on future Russian composers, notably the members of The Five, who took Glinka's lead and produced a distinctive Russian style of music.

neg: Nikolai Zverev Nikolai Sergeyevich Zverev (Russian: Николай Серге́евич Зве́рев , sometimes transliterated Nikolai Zveref; 183212 October [O.S. 30 September] 1893 ) was a Russian pianist and teacher known for his pupils Alexander Siloti, Sergei Rachmaninoff, Alexander Scriabin, Konstantin Igumnov, Alexander Goldenweiser, and others.

neg: Nikolai Malko Nicolai Andreyevich Malko (Russian: Никола́й Андре́евич Малько́ , ; 4 May 188323 June 1961) was a symphonic conductor.

neg: Alexander Radvilovich Alexander Yuryevich Radvilovich (Russian: Александр Юрьевич Радвилович ; born 1955) is a Russian composer, pianist and teacher from Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg) from which Conservatory he also graduated at which he was under guidance from Sergei Slonimsky. In 1992 and 1994 respectively he was the first ever composer of Russian origin to get education at the International New Music in Darmstadt. He is known for his symphonies of two of his own poems called "Legend About Violinist" and "Pushkin". At one time, after reading Fyodor Dostoyevsky he composed a string quartet called "The Boy at Christ’s New Year Celebration" and also designed a mini opera called "Let’s Write Fairy-tale". He also composed an opera called "Hindrance" which was based on Danii Kharms' poem "Ruin of the Gods". Currently he is a member of both Russian Composer’s and Saint Petersburg Composer's Unions and works as music pedagogue at the Humanitarian University of the Petersburg Conservatory. On occasion, he tours the world as composer, pianist and leader of the Sound Ways which he also founded back in 1989. His music is published by various labels in countries such as Russia, the Netherlands and the United States.

neg: Gustav Mahler Gustav Mahler (] ; 7 July 1860, Kaliště, Bohemia, now Czech Republic – 18 May 1911, Vienna, Austria-Hungary) was an Austrian late-Romantic composer, and one of the leading conductors of his generation. As a composer he acted as a bridge between the 19th century Austro-German tradition and the modernism of the early 20th century. While in his lifetime his status as a conductor was established beyond question, his own music gained wide popularity only after periods of relative neglect which included a ban on its performance in much of Europe during the Nazi era. After 1945 his compositions were rediscovered and championed by a new generation of listeners; Mahler then became one of the most frequently performed and recorded of all composers, a position he has sustained into the 21st century.

neg: Mark Hambourg Mark Hambourg (Russian: Марк Михайлович Гамбург , 1 June 187926 August 1960) was a Russian-British concert pianist.

neg: Paul W. Whear Paul W. Whear (born November 13, 1925) is an American composer, music educator, double-bassist, and conductor.

neg: Ivasi Aleksei Igorevich Ivaschenko (Russian: Алексей Игоревич Иващенко , born May 12, 1958 in Moscow) and Georgy Leonardovich Vasilyev (Russian: Георгий Леонардович Васильев , born June 22, 1957 in Zaporizhia, Ukraine) are a Soviet/Russian bard duo, informally known as Ivasi. They have also written and staged the musical "Nord-Ost".

neg: Nicholas Goldfinches-Kulikovich Nicholas Goldfinches-Kulikovich (Belarusian: Mikalai Shchagloў-Kulіkovіch, born on 13 October 1896, Moscow, Russian Empire - died on 31 March 1969, Chicago, United States) was a cultural and social activist, composer and musicologist, researcher of Belarusian church and secular music.

neg: Vitaly Margulis Vitaly Iosifovich Margulis (Russian: Виталий Иосифович Маргулис ; April 16, 1928 – May 29, 2011) was a Russian classical pianist.

neg: Pinchas Zukerman Pinchas Zukerman (Hebrew: פנחס צוקרמן  , born 16 July 1948) is an Israeli violinist, violist and conductor, widely regarded as one of the greatest violinists of the second half of the 20th century.

neg: Gotthold Reimann Immanuel Gotthold Reimann RAM, CMB (13 January 1859 – 19 March 1932), generally known as I. G. Reimann or Gotthold Reimann, was a South Australian musician and teacher of music. He founded the Adelaide College of Music, which became the Elder Conservatorium.

neg: Jiri Hlinka Jiri Hlinka (Czech: "Jiří Hlinka" ; born 1944) is a Norwegian professor and piano teacher of Czech origin. His most well-known student is Leif Ove Andsnes.

neg: Simon Barere Simon Barere (Russian: Симон Барер ; 1 September [O.S. 20 August] 1896 – 2 April 1951) was a renowned Russian pianist. His surname Барер is transliterated "Barer", however, as an adult he changed the spelling to "Barere" in order to reduce the frequency of mispronunciation.

neg: Arthur Rubinstein Arthur Rubinstein (Polish: "Artur Rubinstein" ; January 28, 1887December 20, 1982) was a Polish American classical pianist. He received international acclaim for his performances of the music written by a variety of composers and many regard him as the greatest Chopin interpreter of his time. He was described by "The New York Times" as one of the greatest pianists of the twentieth century. He played in public for eight decades.

neg: Mikhail Kollontay Mikhail Georgiyevich Kollontay (Russian: Михаи́л Гео́ргиевич Коллонта́й ; born August 21, 1952 in Moscow), Russian composer and pianist. Also known under his mother’s name, Ermolaev.

neg: Thomas de Hartmann Thomas Alexandrovich de Hartmann (Russian: Фома́ Алекса́ндрович Га́ртман ; September 21, 1885March 28, 1956) was a Russian composer and prominent student and collaborator of George Gurdjieff.

neg: Ismayil Hajiyev Ismayil Ahmad Jovdat oglu Hajiyev (Azerbaijani: "İsmayıl Əhməd Cövdət oğlu Hacıyev" ; born 18 November 1949) is an Azerbaijani-Canadian conductor and composer. He is the son of Azerbaijani composer Jovdat Hajiyev and folk dancer Amina Dilbazi.

neg: Sergei Lyapunov Sergei Mikhailovich Lyapunov (or Liapunov; Russian: Серге́й Миха́йлович Ляпуно́в , ] ; 30 November [O.S. 18 November] 1859 8 November 1924) was a Russian composer and pianist.

neg: Miron Polyakin Miron Borisovich Polyakin (Russian: Мирон Борисович Полякин ; (February 12, 1895 in Cherkasy - May 21, 1941 in Moscow) was a legendary Imperial Russian and Soviet violinist and pedagogue, one of the best known disciples of the famous Leopold Auer. Between 1917-1926 he toured many countries of the world, and in 1922 gave his New York debut. Upon his return to the Soviet Union, he undertook the professorship position at the Leningrad Conservatory (1928–1936) and then the Moscow Conservatory (1936–1941).

neg: Glinka Islands The Glinka Islands are a small group of rocky islands in Lazarev Bay, Antarctica, immediately east of Rothschild Island. They were first photographed from the air by the United States Antarctic Service, 1939–41, and were mapped from air photos taken by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition, 1947–48, by D. Searle of the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in 1960. They were named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee for Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka, the Russian composer.


query: Name the American actress and singer who starred in the 1997 comedy film Sprung and who is best known for her role as Regina Waters in the FOX series?

pos: Sprung (film) Sprung is a 1997 comedy film, written and directed by Rusty Cundieff. This film stars Cundieff, Tisha Campbell, Joe Torry, and Paula Jai Parker.

pos: Tisha Campbell-Martin Tisha Campbell–Martin (born Tisha Michelle Campbell; October 13, 1968) is an American actress and singer. Campbell is best known for her starring roles on television such as Regina "Gina" Waters–Payne on the FOX series, "Martin" which originally ran from 1992 to 1997; and as Janet "Jay" Marie Johnson-Kyle on the ABC television sitcom, "My Wife and Kids", from 2001 until 2005.

neg: Daphne Maxwell Reid Daphne Etta Maxwell-Reid (born July 13, 1948) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as the second Vivian Banks on the NBC sitcom "The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air" from 1993 until 1996.

neg: Kicked in the Head (film) Kicked in the Head is a 1997 American comedy film directed by Matthew Harrison and written by Kevin Corrigan and Matthew Harrison. The film stars Kevin Corrigan, Linda Fiorentino, Michael Rapaport, Lili Taylor, James Woods and Burt Young. The film was released on September 26, 1997, by October Films.

neg: Willa Holland Willa Joanna Chance Holland (born June 18, 1991) is an American actress, voice actress and model. She is known for her roles as Kaitlin Cooper in the Fox teen drama "The O.C.", Agnes Andrews in The CW series "Gossip Girl", Aqua in "Kingdom Hearts", and Thea Queen / Speedy in "Arrow".

neg: Joely Fisher Joely Fisher (born October 29, 1967) is an American actress and singer. She is best known for her work on television as Paige Clark on "Ellen" as well as Joy Stark in the Fox sitcom "'Til Death". She is also known for singing on Broadway in the 1990s.

neg: Anna Margaret Collins Anna Margaret Collins (born June 12, 1996) is an American singer-songwriter and actress. She is best known for her work on the soundtrack of the Disney Channel Original Movie, "Starstruck".

neg: Penny Johnson Jerald Penny Johnson Jerald (born March 14, 1961) is an American actress. She played Beverly Barnes on the HBO comedy series "The Larry Sanders Show", Kasidy Yates on the syndicated science fiction series "", Sherry Palmer on the Fox action/drama series "24", Captain Victoria "Iron" Gates on the ABC comedy-drama series "Castle", and Dr Claire Finn on the Fox network's series "The Orville".

neg: Bobbie Eakes Bobbie Diane Eakes (born July 25, 1961) is an American actress and singer. She is known for her role as Macy Alexander on "The Bold and the Beautiful" (1989–2000, 2001, 2002–2003) and for her role as Krystal Carey on "All My Children" (2003–2011).

neg: Bella Thorne Annabella Avery Thorne (born October 8, 1997) is an American actress and singer. She played Ruthy Spivey in the television series "My Own Worst Enemy", Tancy Henrickson in the fourth season of "Big Love", and CeCe Jones on the Disney Channel series "Shake It Up". She also appeared as Hilary/"Larry" in "Blended" and as Celia in "Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day". In 2015, she played Madison in "The DUFF", Amanda in "Perfect High" and Hazel in "Big Sky". Thorne currently stars as Paige on the Freeform series, "Famous in Love".

neg: Savannah Stehlin Savannah Stehlin (born March 6, 1996) is an American actress. Savannah's most known role is Spork, the leading role in the musical comedy film "Spork". She has also appeared in four episodes of the TV series Sleeper Cell and, in 2016, had the role of Elsie Holloway in the horror thriller film "Viscilla".

neg: Monica Potter Monica Potter (born Monica Gregg Brokaw; June 30, 1971) is an American actress. She is known for her starring roles in the films "Con Air" (1997) and "Patch Adams" (1998). She also appeared in the horror films "Saw" (2004) and the 2009 remake of "The Last House on the Left".

neg: Madison Iseman Madison Iseman (born February 14, 1997) is an American actress. She is known for her role on the CMT comedy television series "Still the King", where she plays the daughter of Billy Ray Cyrus' character. She went through four auditions over a period of several months for her role on "Still The King".

neg: Maria Pitillo Maria Pitillo (born January 8, 1965) is a former American actress who has starred in film and on TV, most notably as Audrey Timmonds in "Godzilla" (1998), a role which garnered her a Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Supporting Actress. She also had a recurring role on the TV series "Providence".

neg: Naomi Scott Naomi Grace Scott (born 6 May 1993) is an English actress and singer. She is known for starring as Kimberly Hart, the Pink Ranger, in the 2017 "Power Rangers" movie and co-starring as Maddy Shannon in the science-fiction drama series "Terra Nova". Scott also starred as Mohini "Mo" Banarjee in the Disney Channel original movie "Lemonade Mouth", and as Megan in TV series "Life Bites". She is set to play Princess Jasmine in the live-action remake of "Aladdin".

neg: Roz Ryan Roz Ryan (born July 7, 1951) is an American actress, singer, voice actress, and comedian. She is well known for her part in the television show, "Amen", for her character Amelia Hetebrink, for being the voice of Thalia, the Muse of Comedy in the 1997 Disney animated film, "Hercules," and for guest starring on the Disney Channel sitcom, "K.C. Undercover" as Grandma Gayle.

neg: Brooke Langton Brooke Langton (born November 27, 1970) is an American actress. She is best known for the role of Samantha Reilly in the Fox prime time soap opera, "Melrose Place" from 1996 to 1998. Langton later had the leading role in the short-lived USA Network drama series, "The Net" (1998–99), and was the female lead in the 2000 comedy film "The Replacements".

neg: Loretta Devine Loretta Devine (born August 21, 1949) is an American actress and singer, best known for her roles as Marla Hendricks in the Fox drama series "Boston Public", and for her recurring role as Adele Webber on the Shonda Rhimes' "Grey's Anatomy", for which she won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series in 2011. She had a role in the series "Everybody Hates Chris" as Rochelle's mother. In film, Devine appeared in "Waiting to Exhale", "The Preacher's Wife", "I Am Sam", "Urban Legend", "Crash", "Woman Thou Art Loosed", "For Colored Girls", "This Christmas" and "Jumping the Broom". She also played Cynthia Carmichael on the NBC sitcom "The Carmichael Show".

neg: Golden Brooks Golden Ameda Brooks (born December 1, 1970) is an American actress. She began her career with starring role in the Showtime comedy series, "Linc's" (1998–2000), and later has appeared in films "Timecode" (2000) and "Impostor" (2001).

neg: Alicia Morton Alicia Morton (born April 29, 1987) is a former American actress and singer best known for playing Annie in the 1999 remake.

neg: Mae Whitman Mae Margaret Whitman (born June 9, 1988) is an American actress, voice actress and singer. After making her film debut in "When a Man Loves a Woman" (1994), she had other supporting roles in films such as "One Fine Day" (1996), "Independence Day" (1996), and "Hope Floats" (1998). Thereafter, Whitman ventured into television, with her most notable roles including Ann Veal on the Fox sitcom "Arrested Development" (2004–2006) and Amber Holt on the NBC drama "Parenthood" (2010–2015). She also had supporting roles in the films "Scott Pilgrim vs. the World" (2010) and "The Perks of Being a Wallflower" (2012). Whitman made her leading role film debut in "The DUFF" (2015).

neg: Nan Woods Nan Woods (b. Susan Nan Woods on June 21, 1966 in Chicago, Illinois, U.S.) is an American actress. Her best-known role came in 1988-89 as Cherry White in the ABC television series "China Beach".


query: Which movie came out first, A Christmas Carol or The Strongest Man in the World?

pos: A Christmas Carol (2009 film) A Christmas Carol is a 2009 American 3D computer animated motion-capture fantasy film written and directed by Robert Zemeckis. It is an adaptation of the Charles Dickens story of the same name and stars Jim Carrey in a multitude of roles, including Ebenezer Scrooge as a young, middle-aged, and old man, and the three ghosts who haunt Scrooge. The film also features supporting roles done by Gary Oldman, Colin Firth, Bob Hoskins, Robin Wright, and Cary Elwes.

pos: The Strongest Man in the World The Strongest Man in the World is a 1975 Disney film starring Kurt Russell, still a student in the fictional Medfield College. It is the sequel to the 1972 film "Now You See Him, Now You Don't", itself a sequel to the 1969 film, "The Computer Wore Tennis Shoes".

neg: Fred Claus Fred Claus is a 2007 American fantasy comedy family film directed by David Dobkin, written by Dan Fogelman and Jessie Nelson, and starring Vince Vaughn and Paul Giamatti. The film was released on November 9, 2007 in the US and later released in the UK on November 30, 2007 by Warner Bros. Pictures. It is loosely based on the poem "A legend of Santa and his brother Fred" written by Donald Henkel.

neg: List of Christmas operas Christmas operas are operas which are thematically based on either the Nativity of Jesus or secular Christmas stories. The earliest Christmas operas appeared in the early 17th century, not long after the creation of the art form. Because of the ban on secular theatrical works during the season of Advent, these early Christmas operas, while elaborately staged, were based on religious themes relating to the Nativity. By the mid 19th century the ban on secular operas during Advent had ceased, and operas based on a wider array of Christmas themes, such as Santa Claus and King Wenceslaus, emerged. Several operas have been inspired by Charles Dickens' "A Christmas Carol", including works by composers Bernard Herrmann and Thea Musgrave. The story of the Magi has also been the basis of several operas, including Gian Carlo Menotti's 1951 opera "Amahl and the Night Visitors". Initially written for television performance, Menotti's opera has become the only modern Christmas opera to earn an enduring place in the live opera performance repertoire. In the 21st century, composer Kevin Puts' "Silent Night" (2011) achieved critical success and won the Pulitzer Prize for music in 2012.

neg: Desperate Dan Desperate Dan is a wild west character in the British comic magazine "The Dandy" and has become their mascot. He made his appearance in the first issue which was dated 4 December 1937. He is apparently the world's strongest man, able to lift a cow with one hand. The pillow of his (reinforced) bed is filled with building rubble and his beard is so tough he shaves with a blowtorch.

neg: Christmas at Water's Edge Christmas at Water's Edge is a contemporary variation of "A Christmas Carol", directed by Lee Davis, starring Keshia Knight Pulliam, Tom Bosley and Pooch Hall. It was shown in theaters in 2004 and released on DVD in 2007.

neg: A Christmas Carol (disambiguation) A Christmas Carol is a 1843 novella by Charles Dickens.

neg: Santa Claus Is Back in Town "Santa Claus Is Back in Town" is a Christmas song written in 1957 by Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller, and first recorded that year by Elvis Presley as the opening track on "Elvis' Christmas Album", the best-selling Christmas/holiday album of all time in the United States. The song has become a rock and roll Christmas standard.

neg: Around the World with Dot Around the World with Dot, also known as Dot and Santa Claus is a 1981 Australian animated film. It is a sequel to "Dot and the Kangaroo".

neg: Wanna Be the Strongest in the World Wanna Be the Strongest in the World (Japanese: 世界でいちばん強くなりたい! , Hepburn: Sekai de Ichiban Tsuyoku Naritai! ) , is a Japanese manga by ESE and Kiyohito Natsuki. It was adapted into an anime television series in October 2013.

neg: Carol Reed Sir Carol Reed (30 December 1906 – 25 April 1976) was an English film director best known for "Odd Man Out" (1947), "The Fallen Idol" (1948) and "The Third Man" (1949). For "Oliver!" (1968), he received the Academy Award for Best Director.

neg: Holidaze: The Christmas That Almost Didn't Happen Holidaze: The Christmas That Almost Didn't Happen is an American stop-motion animated Christmas television special directed by David H. Brooks, that originally aired in 2006 and produced by BixPix Entertainment, Once Upon a Frog and Madison Street Entertainment. The show's plot has Rusty Reindeer (Fred Savage) the brother of Rudolph the Red Nosed Reindeer joining a support group for depressed holiday icons, and he and the other characters search for the meaning of Christmas and help a young boy (Dylan and Cole Sprouse) to get on Santa's nice list. Rusty's cohorts include Candie, the Easter Bunny (Gladys Knight); Mr. C, the grouchy cherub (Paul Rodriguez); Albert, the Thanksgiving Turkey (Harland Williams); And Trick and Treat (Brenda Song and Emily Osment) the teenage Halloween Ghosts.

neg: Mickey's Once Upon a Christmas Mickey's Once Upon a Christmas is a 1999 direct-to-video animated Christmas anthology film produced by Walt Disney Home Video and won the Award for Best Animated Feature Film at the 5th Kecskemét Animation Film Festival in 1999. The video features Mickey Mouse, Minnie Mouse, Pluto, Pete, Goofy, Max, Donald Duck, Daisy Duck, Huey, Dewey and Louie, Scrooge McDuck, Mortimer Mouse, Figaro the Kitten and Chip 'n Dale with cameos by Owl, Clarabelle Cow, Horace Horsecollar, and a Beagle Boy. The film comprises three separate segments, with narration by Kelsey Grammer. A sequel, titled "Mickey's Twice Upon a Christmas", was released in 2004.

neg: Santa Claus Conquers the Martians Santa Claus Conquers the Martians is a 1964 American science fiction comedy film directed by Nicholas Webster, written by Paul L. Jacobson based on a story by Glenville Mareth, stars John Call as Santa Claus, and features an eight year old Pia Zadora as one of the Martian children. The film also marks the first documented appearance of Mrs. Claus in a motion picture (Doris Rich plays the role), coming three weeks before the television special "Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer", which also featured the character.

neg: Christmas Evil Christmas Evil (also known as You Better Watch Out and Terror in Toyland) is a 1980 psychological slasher film, directed by Lewis Jackson and starring Brandon Maggart. It is considered an obscure film but has gained a cult following which includes film director John Waters.

neg: Father Christmas Father Christmas is the traditional English name for the personification of Christmas. Although now known as a Christmas gift-bringer, and normally considered to be synonymous with Western culture's Santa Claus which is now known worldwide, he was originally part of an unrelated and much older English folkloric tradition. The recognisably modern figure of the English Father Christmas developed in the late Victorian period, but Christmas had been personified for centuries before then.

neg: 1979 World's Strongest Man The 1979 World's Strongest Man was the third edition of World's Strongest Man and was won by Don Reinhoudt from the United States. It was his first title after finishing second the previous year. Lars Hedlund from Sweden finished second after finishing third the previous year, and Bill Kazmaier also from the United States finished third. The contest was held at the Universal Studios, California.

neg: 1996 World's Strongest Man The 1996 World's Strongest Man was the 19th edition of World's Strongest Man and was won by Magnús Vér Magnússon from Iceland. This was Magnús' fourth WSM title, tying the record of fellow Icelander Jón Páll Sigmarsson. Riku Kiri from Finland finished second, and Gerrit Badenhorst from South Africa finished third after finishing second the previous year. The contest was held in Port Louis, Mauritius.

neg: An All Dogs Christmas Carol An All Dogs Christmas Carol or All Dogs Go To Heaven 3 is a 1998 animated TV movie which originally aired on ABC. To date, it is the final installment in the "All Dogs Go to Heaven" film series and it also serves as the series finale to the . Unlike the first two films, Carface is the story's main character. Usually, the main characters are Charlie and Itchy.

neg: In God We Trust: All Others Pay Cash In God We Trust: All Others Pay Cash is a novel by American humorist Jean Shepherd first published in October 1966. A best-seller at the time of its publication, it is considered Shepherd's most important published work. Portions of the work were adapted into the 1983 movie "A Christmas Story" (which was also narrated by Shepherd) and into the 1994 film "It Runs in the Family".

neg: A Tale of Two Kitties A Tale of Two Kitties is an American "Merrie Melodies" cartoon, released in 1942, notable for the first appearance of a flesh colored canary, who would come to be known as Tweety. It was directed by Bob Clampett, written by Warren Foster, and features music by Carl W. Stalling. It was also the first appearance of Babbit and Catstello, based on the popular comedy duo Abbott and Costello. The title is an obvious pun on the Charles Dickens classic, "A Tale of Two Cities".

neg: Santa and the Ice Cream Bunny Santa and the Ice Cream Bunny is a 1972 American musical fantasy film written, composed, shot, edited, and directed by R. Winer to frame Barry Mahon's Childhood Productions films for a Christmas release. The threadbare plot concerns Santa Claus's attempts to free his sleigh from the sands of a Florida beach, assisted by local children.


query: You're My Jamaica was recorded by which country artist, featured at the 2016 CMA Awards?

pos: You're My Jamaica "You're My Jamaica" is a song written by Kent Robbins, and recorded by American country music artist Charley Pride. It was released in July 1979 as the first single and title track from the album "You're My Jamaica". The song was Charley Pride's twenty-second number one country hit. The single stayed at number one for one week and spent a total of ten weeks on the country chart.

pos: Charley Pride Charley Frank Pride (born March 18, 1934) is an American country music singer, musician/guitarist, recording artist, performer, and business owner. His greatest musical success came in the early to mid-1970s, when he became the best-selling performer for RCA Records since Elvis Presley. During the peak years of his recording career (1966–87), he garnered 52 top-10 hits on the "Billboard" Hot Country Songs charts, 29 of which made it to number one. He has appeared with country music star Brad Paisley and was featured in the 2016 CMA Awards.

neg: Anthony Hamilton (musician) Anthony Cornelius Hamilton (born January 28, 1971) is an American singer, songwriter, and record producer who rose to fame with his platinum-selling second studio album "Comin' from Where I'm From" (2003), which featured the title track single "Comin' from Where I'm From" and the follow-up "Charlene". Nominated for 10 Grammy Awards, he is also known for the song "Freedom" from the soundtrack album of "Django Unchained" co-written and sung as a duo with indie soul singer Elayna Boynton.

neg: Glen Campbell: I'll Be Me Glen Campbell: I'll Be Me is a 2014 American documentary film about country music singer Glen Campbell. Campbell and close friend Julian Raymond (the film's executive producer) won a Grammy Award and were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song for writing the film's theme "I'm Not Gonna Miss You".

neg: Ask Me How I Know "Ask Me How I Know" is a song recorded by American country music singer Garth Brooks. It was released on March 17, 2017 as the second single off Brooks' 2016 album, "Gunslinger". The single's release coincided with the announcement of Brooks performing at South by Southwest, as well as the Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo.

neg: Jimmy Choo (song) "Jimmy Choo" is a song by American rapper Fetty Wap for his upcoming album "King Zoo". It was released on February 5, 2016 and was produced by K.E. on the Track.

neg: CMT Music Awards The CMT Music Awards is a fan-voted awards show for country music videos and television performances. The awards ceremony is held every year in Nashville, Tennessee, and broadcast live on CMT. Voting takes place on CMT's website, CMT.com.

neg: Body on Me (Rita Ora song) "Body on Me" is a song by British singer Rita Ora, featuring guest vocals by American recording artist Chris Brown. The song was released on 7 August 2015.

neg: CeCe Winans Priscilla Marie Winans Love known professionally as CeCe Winans (born October 8, 1964) is an American gospel singer, who has sold over 12 million records worldwide and won ten Grammy Awards. She is the best-selling female gospel artist of all time, as of 2015.

neg: Lady Saw Marion Hall (born 12 July 1972; formerly known by the stage name Lady Saw) is a Jamaican singer-songwriter whose career has spanned over two decades. Widely known as the Queen of Dancehall, she is the first female deejay to win a Grammy Award and to be certified as a triple-platinum artist.

neg: 2016 NRJ Music Awards The 2016 NRJ Music Awards was the 18th edition of the NRJ Music Awards, which took place on November 12, 2016, at the Palais des Festivals, in Cannes, France. The ceremony was broadcast live, but with a 5 to 15-minute delay due to terrorist threats, on TF1 and NRJ, and hosted by Nikos Aliagas.

neg: Smoove Jones Smoove Jones is the seventh studio album by American recording artist Mýa Harrison. It was released exclusively through Apple Music and iTunes on February 14, 2016 by Planet 9, Harrison's label, while physical copies were made available for purchase through the singer's official website. The project commemorates the release of the singer's debut single "It's All About Me" and 18th anniversary in the entertainment industry. Musically, "Smoove Jones" incorporated R&B/soul/hip-hop with old school elements from the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s. Dubbed a concept album, the project exhibited Harrison portraying seductive radio hostess "Smoove Jones", an after hours radio show she created specifically for her "grown and sexy" fans. Critically, "Smoove Jones" received favorable reception from music critics. It debuted at number thirty on the Top R&B/Hip Hop Albums chart, marking her highest entry since 2003's "Moodring". Subsequently, "Smoove Jones" received a nomination for Best R&B Album at the 59th Annual Grammy Awards, which were held on February 12, 2017.

neg: Crystal Gayle Crystal Gayle (born Brenda Gail Webb; January 9, 1951) is an American country music singer. Best known for her 1977 country-pop crossover hit song, "Don't It Make My Brown Eyes Blue", she had twenty #1 country hits during the 1970s and 1980s (18 on "Billboard" and 2 on "Cashbox") and six albums certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America. Gayle became the first female artist in country music history to reach platinum sales, with her 1977 album "We Must Believe in Magic". Also noted for her nearly floor-length hair, she was voted one of the 50 most beautiful people in the world by "People" magazine in 1983. She is the younger sister of the country singer-songwriter Loretta Lynn and the singer Peggy Sue and a distant cousin of singer Patty Loveless. Gayle is a member of the Grand Ole Opry and has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, near Lynn's star.

neg: My Love for You "My Love for You" is a song recorded by American R&B singer Sevyn Streeter from her debut studio album, "Girl Disrupted" (2017). The song was released as the first single on September 16, 2016 through Atlantic Records. The song samples "Saving All My Love for You" by Whitney Houston.

neg: Freedom (Beyoncé song) "Freedom" is a song recorded by American singer Beyoncé featuring American rapper Kendrick Lamar for her sixth studio album, "Lemonade" (2016). The song was written by Jonny Coffer, Beyoncé, Carla Marie Williams, Dean McIntosh and Kendrick Lamar; it contains samples of "Let Me Try", written by Frank Tirado, performed by Kaleidoscope; samples of "Collection Speech/Unidentified Lining Hymn", recorded by Alan Lomax in 1959, performed by Reverend R.C. Crenshaw; and samples of "Stewball", recorded by Alan Lomax and John Lomax, Sr. in 1947, performed by Prisoner "22" at Mississippi State Penitentiary at Parchman. Its production was handled by Beyoncé, Coffer and veteran hip hop record producer Just Blaze.

neg: My One and Only One My One And Only One is the fifth album released by smooth jazz artist Jessy J. It released on May 26, 2015. The album features special guest, Grammy winning keyboardist Gregg Karukas and Paul Brown. Highlights include Jessy's sensitive re-imaginings of the Cure's "Lovesong," Toni Braxton's "You're Makin' Me High," the R&B classic "Strawberry Letter 23" plus 7 great Jessy J originals!

neg: You Got You "You Got You" is an English song written and composed by Fijian singer and songwriter Elena Baravilala, this single was nominated at the 2016 Fiji Performing Rights Association Music Awards and also a hiphop version was produced and released by Elena Baravilala And DJ Ritendra featuring Fijian rapper J.Morrison.

neg: American Country Awards The American Country Awards (ACA) is an annual country music awards show, entirely voted on by fans online. Created in 2010 by the Fox Network, the awards honor country music artists for singles, albums, music videos and touring categories. In 2012, "Song of the Year" was added with the nominations coming from the Nashville Songwriters International Association. In addition to the CMA Awards, the ACM Awards and the CMT Music Awards, it is the fourth major-awards show completely dedicated to the country music industry. The first two ceremonies took place at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas, Nevada on December 6, 2010 and December 5, 2011. The 2012 ceremony took place at the Mandalay Bay Events Center in Las Vegas, on December 10. Luke Bryan won nine awards, including artist and album of the year, while Miranda Lambert won three. Carrie Underwood won female artist of the year and Lauren Alaina won new artist of the year. The show was executive produced by Bob Bain, produced by Paul Flattery, Tisha Fein, Kelly Brock and Fletcher Foster and directed by Michael Dempsey. The Fox Network cancelled the American Country Awards in 2014 and replaced it with the American Country Countdown Awards from dick clark productions. The ratings for ACCA dropped dramatically compared to the 2013 American Country Awards. According to TV By The Numbers (http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com) 18-49 Ratings/Share dropped from 1.4/4 to 0.9/3 and viewership dropped from 5.14 million to 3.39 million.

neg: My Way (Calvin Harris song) "My Way" is a song by Calvin Harris. The song was released on 16 September 2016. Harris announced the single on his Twitter page five days prior to its release. Like his previous singles "Summer" and "Feel So Close", Harris returns as a vocalist. It topped the charts in the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Scotland while peaking within the top 10 in Australia, Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Ireland, Israel, Lebanon, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Paraguay, Poland, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom, as well as the top 20 in Canada, Denmark, Finland, Italy, Portugal, and Spain.

neg: So Am I (Ty Dolla Sign song) "So Am I" is a song by American singer Ty Dolla Sign. It was released through Atlantic Records and WEA International on September 1, 2017, as the second single from his upcoming second studio album, "Beach House 3" (2017). The song features Jamaican reggae artist Damian Marley and American electronic dance music producer Skrillex, the latter of whom is sole producer of the song.

neg: Meleana (musician) Meleana Brown (born September 11, 1988), who goes by the stage name Meleana, is an American Christian musician. She started her music career, in 2003, with appearing on "American Idol" during season 3, where she was eliminated during Hollywood Week. Her next appearance was on the only season of "Duets". Brown signed with Dream Records, where they released her first studio album, "White Walls" (2016).

neg: Midnite Lover Midnite Lover is the fourth studio album released by Jamaican singer Shaggy. The album became the follow-up to Shaggy's career-making album "Boombastic", however, it did not fare as well. The album features covers of Erma Franklin's "Piece of My Heart", and Bob Marley's "Thank You Lord", which features guest vocals from Ky-Mani Marley. 50,000 copies of the album were sold in the UK. "Piece of My Heart" and "My Dream" were the only two singles released from the album.


query: What San Francisco street that is famous for a section known as "the crookedest street in the world" is partially designated as part of U.S. Route 101?

pos: Lombard Street (San Francisco) Lombard Street is an east–west street in San Francisco, California that is famous for a steep, one-block section with eight hairpin turns. Stretching from The Presidio east to The Embarcadero (with a gap on Telegraph Hill), most of the street's western segment is a major thoroughfare designated as part of U.S. Route 101. The famous one-block section, claimed as "the crookedest street in the world", is located along the eastern segment in the Russian Hill neighborhood. The street was named after Lombard Street in Philadelphia by San Francisco surveyor Jasper O'Farrell.

pos: U.S. Route 101 in California U.S. Route 101 (US 101) in the state of California is one of the last remaining and longest U.S. Routes still active in the state, and the longest highway of any kind in California. US 101 was also one of the original national routes established in 1926. Significant portions of US 101 between the Los Angeles area and the San Francisco Bay Area follow El Camino Real, the historic road connecting the former Alta California's 21 missions.

neg: U.S. Route 199 U.S. Route 199 (US 199) is a U.S. highway in the U.S. states of California and Oregon. The highway was established in 1926 as a spur of U.S. Route 99, which has since been replaced by Interstate 5. US 199 stretches 80 mi from U.S. Route 101 near Crescent City, California northeast to Interstate 5 in Grants Pass, Oregon. The highway is the northern portion of the Redwood Highway. In Oregon, US 199 is officially known as Redwood Highway No. 25. The majority of the road in California is the Smith River Scenic Byway, a National Forest Scenic Byway. The first roadway, a plank road, from Crescent City was established in May 1858, and before the US 199 designation was applied to the highway, the roadway was designated Highway 25 and Route 1.

neg: Bush Street Temple The Bush Street Temple at 1881 Bush Street in San Francisco, California, is a State Landmark with historical significance to both the Orthodox Jewish community and to Buddhism in the United States.

neg: Tom Lantos Tunnels The Tom Lantos Tunnels are two tunnels located within the coastal promontory of Devil's Slide in California, United States, allowing State Route 1 to bypass the treacherous Devil's Slide stretch. They are officially named after late Congressman Tom Lantos, who was instrumental in securing funding for the project, but "de facto" named after their location.

neg: Filbert Street (San Francisco) Filbert Street in San Francisco, California starts at Lyon Street on the east edge of The Presidio and runs east, crossing Van Ness Avenue and Columbus Avenue. It ends on Telegraph Hill at Kearny Street below Coit Tower and eventually resumes as a pedestrian stairway known as the Filbert Street Steps.

neg: 2nd Street Tunnel The 2nd Street Tunnel is a widely filmed and photographed tunnel on 2nd Street under Bunker Hill in Downtown Los Angeles, California. The "Los Angeles Times" described it as "the most recognizable city landmark most Americans have never heard of". It is 1,500 feet long, and lined with glossy white-glazed tiles that act similarly to a photographic light box, and, alteratively, to provided visually interesting, distorted, reflections of devices placed in it.

neg: Downtown San Jose Downtown San Jose is the central business district of San Jose, California, United States. The area is generally located north of Interstate 280 and east of Guadalupe Parkway, which roughly parallels the Guadalupe River. The region is bound to the north by U.S. Route 101 and to the east by Coyote Creek.

neg: Eureka station The Eureka Valley Station was an underground streetcar station in San Francisco, California, in use from 1918 until 1972. It was located inside the Twin Peaks Tunnel, very close to its eastern end, in the Eureka Valley neighborhood. Its location was chosen with the intent that it could serve as a transfer station to the Sunset Tunnel, whose east portal in early plans was to be located at the corner of Market and Eureka streets.

neg: U.S. Route 99 U.S. Route 99 (US 99) was a main north–south United States Numbered Highway on the West Coast of the United States until 1964, running from Calexico, California, on the US–Mexico border to Blaine, Washington, on the U.S.-Canada border. It was assigned in 1926 and existed until it was replaced for the most part by Interstate 5. Known also as the "Golden State Highway" and "The Main Street of California", US 99 was important throughout much of the 1930s as a route for Dust Bowl immigrant farm workers to traverse the state. Large portions are now California's State Route 99 (SR 99), Oregon Route 99, 99W, 99E and Washington's SR 99. The highway connected to British Columbia Highway 99 at the Canada–US border.

neg: Tenderloin, San Francisco The Tenderloin is a neighborhood in downtown San Francisco, California, in the flatlands on the southern slope of Nob Hill, situated between the Union Square shopping district to the northeast and the Civic Center office district to the southwest. It encompasses about 50 square blocks, is a large wedge/triangle in shape (point faces East), and a conservative description has it bounded on the north by Geary Street, on the east by Mason Street, on the south by Market Street and on the west by Van Ness Avenue. The northern boundary with Lower Nob Hill historically has been set at Geary Street.

neg: Figueroa Street Figueroa Street is a major north-south street in Los Angeles County, California, spanning from the Los Angeles neighborhood of Wilmington north to Eagle Rock. There is a break in the street between Alpine Street in Chinatown and San Fernando Road in Cypress Park, where that segment was replaced with a portion of the Arroyo Seco Parkway (State Route 110).

neg: California State Route 99 State Route 99 (SR 99), commonly known as Highway 99 or, simply, as 99 (without any further designation), is a north–south state highway in the U.S. state of California, stretching almost the entire length of the Central Valley. From its southern end at Interstate 5 (I-5) near Wheeler Ridge to its northern end at SR 36 near Red Bluff, SR 99 goes through the densely populated eastern parts of the valley. Cities served include Bakersfield, Delano, Tulare, Visalia, Kingsburg, Selma, Fresno, Madera, Merced, Modesto, Stockton, Sacramento, Turlock, Yuba City, and Chico.

neg: Albany Bulb The Albany Bulb (also simply known as The Bulb) is a former landfill largely owned by the City of Albany, in California. The Bulb is the west end of a landfill peninsula jutting west from the east shore of San Francisco Bay. The term "Bulb" is often used to refer to the entire peninsula, which includes the Albany Plateau, north of Buchanan Street at its base; the high narrow "Neck," and the round "Bulb." The Bulb is part of the City of Albany, and can be reached via Buchanan Street or the Bay Trail along the east side of San Francisco Bay.

neg: Washington State Route 3 State Route 3 (SR 3) is a 59.81 mi state highway in the U.S. state of Washington, serving the Kitsap Peninsula in Mason and Kitsap counties. The highway begins at U.S. Route 101 (US 101) south of Shelton and travels northeast onto the Kitsap Peninsula through Belfair to Gorst, where it intersects SR 16 and begins its freeway. SR 3 travels west of Bremerton, Silverdale and Poulsbo before it terminates at the eastern end of the Hood Canal Bridge, signed as SR 104. The highway is designated as a Strategic Highway Network (STRAHNET) corridor under the National Highway System as the main thoroughfare connecting both parts of Naval Base Kitsap and is also part of the Highways of Statewide Significance program.

neg: California State Route 33 State Route 33 (SR 33) is a north–south state highway in the U.S. state of California. It runs north from Ventura through the Transverse Ranges and the western side of the San Joaquin Valley to a point east of Tracy. SR 33 replaced part of U.S. Route 399 in 1964 during the "great renumbering" of routes. In the unincorporated sections of Kern County it is known as the West Side Highway. In addition, the California Legislature designated the entire Kern County portion as the Petroleum Highway in 2004. The southernmost portion in Ventura is a freeway known as the Ojai Freeway, while it is known as the Maricopa Highway from Ojai to Maricopa.

neg: Lower Queen Anne, Seattle Lower Queen Anne (also known as Uptown due to its large residential population) is a neighborhood in Seattle, Washington, at the base of Queen Anne Hill. While its boundaries are not precise, the toponym usually refers to the shopping, office, and residential districts to the north and west of Seattle Center. The neighborhood is connected to Upper Queen Anne—the shopping district at the top of the hill—by an extremely steep section of Queen Anne Avenue N. known as the Counterbalance, in memory of the cable cars that once ran up and down it.

neg: Missouri Route 101 Route 101 is a short highway in southern Missouri. Its northern terminus is at U.S. Route 160 in Caulfield; its southern terminus is at the Arkansas state line (where it continues as Highway 101) south of Bakersfield, the only other town on the route.

neg: Las Vegas Boulevard Las Vegas Boulevard is a major, world famous road in the Las Vegas Valley of Nevada, best known for the Las Vegas Strip portion of the road and its casinos. Formerly carrying U.S. Route 91 (US 91), which had been the main highway between Los Angeles and Salt Lake City, it has been bypassed by Interstate 15, and serves mainly local traffic with some sections designated State Route 604.

neg: Embarcadero (San Francisco) The Embarcadero is the eastern waterfront and roadway of the Port of San Francisco, San Francisco, California, along San Francisco Bay. It was constructed on reclaimed land along a three mile long engineered seawall, from which piers extend into the bay. It derives its name from the Spanish verb "embarcar", meaning "to embark"; "embarcadero" itself means "the place to embark". The Central Embarcadero Piers Historic District was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 20, 2002.

neg: Sans Souci Valley Sans Souci Valley was the name of a valley in San Francisco, California, in the area corresponding to present day's Lower Haight and Duboce Triangle. This valley once allowed excess storm water to flow from Buena Vista Hill and Lone Mountain (where the University of San Francisco is today), through the Panhandle, to the area located near Duboce Park, along the path today known to cyclists as The Wiggle. The creek was not a surface creek in the dune region except as overflow. Sans Souci Valley used to be the easiest route connecting Mission Dolores and the Presidio. According to historical sources cited in Hubert Howe Bancroft's "History of California", the former "Lake Dolores" (or "Laguna de los Dolores") was located "in Sans Souci Valley, north of the Mission".

neg: Saint Stupid's Day Parade The Saint Stupid's Day Parade is an annual parade in San Francisco on April 1. It was founded by Ed Holmes in the late 1970s. If April 1 falls on a weekday, the parade starts at the foot of Market Street and follows a route through the financial district. If April 1 falls on a weekend, the parade starts at the Transamerica Pyramid, proceeds up Columbus Avenue and ends at Washington Square. The parade begins at noon.


query: John Harrison Surratt, Jr. (April 13, 1844 – April 21, 1916) was accused of plotting with John Wilkes Booth to kidnap US President Abraham Lincoln, his mother, Mary Elizabeth Jenkins Surratt, was an American boarding house owner who was convicted of conspiracy and hanged by the US government, she was hanged and became the first woman executed by who?

pos: John Surratt John Harrison Surratt, Jr. (April 13, 1844 – April 21, 1916) was accused of plotting with John Wilkes Booth to kidnap US President Abraham Lincoln and suspected of involvement in the Abraham Lincoln assassination. His mother, Mary Surratt, was convicted of conspiracy and hanged by the US government; she owned the boarding house that the conspirators as a safe house and to plot the scheme.

pos: Mary Surratt Mary Elizabeth Jenkins Surratt (1820 or May 1823 – July 7, 1865) was an American boarding house owner who was convicted of taking part in the conspiracy to assassinate U.S. President Abraham Lincoln. Sentenced to death, she was hanged and became the first woman executed by the US federal government. She maintained her innocence until her death, and the case against her was and is controversial. Surratt was the mother of John H. Surratt, Jr., who was later tried but was not convicted of involvement in the assassination.

neg: Frances Kidder Frances Kidder (c. 1843 – 2 April 1868) was the last woman to be publicly hanged in Britain.

neg: William Frederick Horry William Frederick Horry, also known as Fred Horry (December 1843 – 1 April 1872), was the first person to be hanged by Victorian hangman William Marwood, and the first to fall using the long drop method. He was hanged at Lincoln Castle, Lincoln, England on 1 April 1872, aged 28, for the murder of his wife, Jane Horry.

neg: Victoria Woodhull Victoria Claflin Woodhull, later Victoria Woodhull Martin (September 23, 1838 – June 9, 1927) was an American leader of the woman's suffrage movement.

neg: Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln ( ; February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was an American politician and lawyer who served as the 16th President of the United States from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. Lincoln led the United States through its Civil War—its bloodiest war and perhaps its greatest moral, constitutional, and political crisis. In doing so, he preserved the Union, paved the way to the abolition of slavery, strengthened the federal government, and modernized the economy.

neg: Bobbie Jo Stinnett Bobbie Jo Stinnett (December 4, 1981 – December 16, 2004) was a 23-year-old pregnant woman found brutally slain in her home in Skidmore, Missouri. The accused, Lisa M. Montgomery, then 36, was convicted of strangling Stinnett from behind and then cutting the woman's unborn child, eight months into gestation, from her womb. The child was not found at the scene of the murder.

neg: Eldon Jacob Crull Eldon Jacob Crull (1859–May 5, 1917) was an American politician. Crull was the chief Republican primary rival to Jeannette Rankin, who became the first woman elected to the U.S. House of Representatives. Crull committed suicide shortly after the election.

neg: Reverdy Johnson Reverdy Johnson (May 21, 1796February 10, 1876) was a statesman and jurist from Maryland. He gained fame as a defense attorney, defending notables such as Sanford of the Dred Scott case, Maj. Gen. Fitz John Porter at his court-martial, and Mary Surratt, alleged conspirator in the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. A former Whig, he was a strong supporter of the Union war effort. At first he opposed wartime efforts to abolish slavery until 1864, and supported 13th Amendment.

neg: Louise Peete Louise Peete (September 20, 1880 – April 11, 1947) was a convicted American murderer. Peete was first convicted of murdering wealthy mining engineer Jacob C. Denton in 1920 and was sentenced to life in prison. She was paroled in April 1939. In May 1945, she was convicted of murdering her employer, Margaret Logan, and sentenced to death. She was executed in April 1947 making her the second, and one of only four women, to be executed in the California gas chamber.

neg: William W. "Bill" Kirtley William W. "Bill" Kirtley (December 10, 1897 – September 23, 1944) was an early American anti-death penalty crusader and lead defense attorney to Rainey Bethea, the last man ever publicly executed in the United States. He was also the husband of feminist Louise Gasser Kirtley, the first female Kentucky State Representative (serving two terms, 1962-1966) and first female Kentucky Bar Association President and grandfather of French international arbitration expert William Kirtley, who now chairs his grandfather's Paris-based foundation and teaches at the University of Paris. Arguing that capital punishment was the "most premeditated of murders," Mr. Kirtley was unable to convince Rainey Bethea to testify on his own behalf, and he was ultimately hung before a crowd of 20,000 people in what was described as a carnival-like atmosphere, drawing media attention throughout the United States that was fanned by Mr. Kirtley and his wife. Afterwards, he sought to have Kentucky adopt a law based on a Missouri statute (L.1919, p. 781) banning all public executions. Following his early death, his wife took up the cause, playing a key role in the Kentucky legislature's ban on all public executions still found in statute KRS 431.220. More significantly, many legal scholars and human rights advocates credit the scandal he generated and the execution itself to have led to the eventual ban of all public executions in America.

neg: Mary Todd Lincoln House Mary Todd Lincoln House at 578 West Main Street in Lexington, Kentucky, USA, was the girlhood home of Mary Todd, the future first lady and wife of the 16th President, Abraham Lincoln.Today the fourteen-room house is a museum containing period furniture, portraits, and artifacts from the Todd and Lincoln families. Hour-long guided tours introduce visitors to the complex life of Mary Todd Lincoln, from her refined upbringing in a wealthy, slave-holding family to her reclusive years as a mourning widow.

neg: Boston Corbett Thomas P. "Boston" Corbett (January 29, 1832 – presumed dead c. September 1, 1894) was a Union Army soldier who shot and killed President Abraham Lincoln's assassin, John Wilkes Booth. Corbett was initially arrested for disobeying orders, but was later released and was largely considered a hero by the media and the public.

neg: Jane Alpert Jane Lauren Alpert (born May 20, 1947) is an American former far left radical who conspired in the bombings of eight government and commercial office buildings in New York City in 1969. Arrested when other members of her group were caught planting dynamite in National Guard trucks, she pleaded guilty to conspiracy, but a month before her scheduled sentencing jumped bail and went into hiding.

neg: Martha Washington Martha Washington ("née" Dandridge; June 13 [O.S. June 2] 1731 – May 22, 1802) was the wife of George Washington, the first president of the United States of America. Although the title was not coined until after her death, Martha Washington is considered to be the first First Lady of the United States. During her lifetime she was often referred to as "Lady Washington".

neg: William Alvin Lloyd William Alvin Lloyd (July 4, 1822 – March 17, 1869) was an American con man, convicted felon and minstrel troupe impresario who, under the guise as steamboat and railroad guide publisher, claimed to be employed during the Civil War as a personal spy for President Abraham Lincoln. Lloyd along with his associates Thomas H. S. Boyd and F. J. Bonfanti were able to travel throughout the South during the war, to supposedly gather intelligence for the North. After his death, Lloyd's estate filed suit against the government for unpaid compensation. This suit resulted in the U.S. Supreme Court case "Totten v. United States".

neg: Rich Hill (Bel Alton, Maryland) Rich Hill, near Bel Alton, Maryland, was owned by Colonel Samuel Cox, a Confederate sympathizer during the American Civil War. Following the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln on April 14, 1865, Cox hid assassin John Wilkes Booth and his companion, David Herold, in a swamp near Rich Hill. Booth and Herold left the property on April 21, crossing the Potomac River in a small boat.

neg: Andrew Johnson Andrew Johnson (December 29, 1808 July 31, 1875) was the 17th President of the United States, serving from 1865 to 1869. Johnson became president as he was vice president at the time of the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. A Democrat who ran with Lincoln on the National Union ticket, Johnson came to office as the Civil War concluded. The new president favored quick restoration of the seceded states to the Union. His plans did not give protection to the former slaves, and he came into conflict with the Republican-dominated Congress, culminating in his impeachment by the House of Representatives. He was acquitted in the Senate by one vote.

neg: Jean Hill Norma Jean Lollis Hill (February 11, 1931 – November 7, 2000) was an eyewitness to the assassination of United States President John F. Kennedy in Dallas, Texas, on November 22, 1963. Hill was known as the "Lady in Red" because of the long red raincoat she wore that day, as seen in Abraham Zapruder's film of the assassination. A teacher by profession, she was a consultant for Oliver Stone's 1991 film "JFK" and co-wrote "JFK: The Last Dissenting Witness" with Bill Sloan.

neg: Bathsheba Spooner Bathsheba Ruggles Spooner (February 15, 1746 – July 2, 1778) was the first woman to be executed in the United States following the Declaration of Independence.

neg: Phoebe Hearst Phoebe Elizabeth Apperson Hearst (December 3, 1842 – April 13, 1919) was an American philanthropist, feminist and suffragist. She was the mother of William Randolph Hearst and wife of George Hearst.

neg: Bess Truman Elizabeth Virginia "Bess" Truman (born Wallace; February 13, 1885 – October 18, 1982) was the wife of U.S. President Harry S. Truman and First Lady of the United States from 1945 to 1953.


query: Philip Carlo authored the biography of which American contract killer and serial killer?

pos: Philip Carlo Philip Carlo (April 18, 1949 – November 8, 2010) was a journalist and best selling biographer of Thomas Pitera, Richard Kuklinski, Anthony Casso, and Richard Ramirez. Carlo suffered from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), commonly known as "Lou Gehrig's Disease". He was bound to a wheelchair and respirator, but retained his ability to speak normally during his lifetime. He died of the disease on November 8, 2010 at age 61.

pos: Richard Kuklinski Richard Leonard Kuklinski (April 11, 1935 – March 5, 2006) was an American contract killer and serial killer who was convicted of murdering five people, though he likely killed at least several dozen more. He was associated with members of the American Mafia, namely the DeCavalcante crime family of Newark, New Jersey, and the Five Families of New York City.

neg: Robert "Bobby" Germaine Robert "Bobby" Germaine, Sr. (October 1, 1925 – April 1986), the son of French-Canadian immigrants, was a drug trafficker, burglar, and freelance writer in New York, NY. He was friends with Henry Hill and involved in his criminal activities following the Lufthansa heist up to Hill's incarceration. Germaine was also a friend of Jimmy 'the Gent' Burke. On January 3, 1972, Germaine was one of the gunmen of the Pierre Hotel armed robbery, where he and his seven cohorts, after binding and gagging the hotel employees, taking the Pierre under siege, ransacked the safe deposit boxes, and plundered an estimated $28,000,000 in jewels and cash. (Refer to 'Contract Killer' by William Hoffman & Lake Headley).

neg: Journal of a Contract Killer Journal of a Contract Killer is a 2008 film directed by Tony Maylam.

neg: The Last Victim The Last Victim: A True-Life Journey into the Mind of the Serial Killer (1999) is a non-fiction work by author Jason Moss in which he details his fascination and subsequent correspondence with several notorious American serial killers.

neg: Charles Manson Charles Milles Manson (born Charles Milles Maddox, November 12, 1934) is an American convicted mass murderer and former cult leader who led what became known as the Manson Family, a quasi-commune that arose in California in the late 1960s. Manson's followers committed a series of nine murders at four locations in July and August 1969. In 1971 he was found guilty of first-degree murder and conspiracy to commit murder for the deaths of seven people – most notably of the actress Sharon Tate – all of which were carried out by members of the group at his instruction. Manson also received first-degree murder convictions for two other deaths. Manson was originally sentenced to death, but his sentence was commuted to life imprisonment when California invalidated the state's death penalty statute in 1972. He is currently serving multiple life sentences at California State Prison in Corcoran.

neg: Philip R. Craig Philip R. Craig (December 10, 1933 – May 8, 2007) was a writer known for his Martha's Vineyard mysteries.

neg: Jon Roberts Jon Pernell Roberts (June 21, 1948 – December 28, 2011), born John Riccobono, was a noted drug trafficker and government informant, operated in the Miami area and was an associate of Colombia's Medellín Cartel during the growth phase in cocaine trafficking, 1975–1985. After his arrest, he was able to avoid a lengthy prison sentence by becoming a cooperating witness and proactive informant for the federal government. He was the author with Evan Wright of "American Desperado".

neg: Arthur Shawcross Arthur John Shawcross (June 6, 1945 – November 10, 2008), also known as the Genesee River Killer, was an American serial killer active in Rochester, New York.

neg: Adolfo Constanzo Adolfo de Jesús Constanzo (November 1, 1962 – May 6, 1989) was a Cuban-American serial killer, drug dealer, and cult leader of an infamous gang dubbed by the media as The Narcosatanists (Spanish: "Los Narcosatánicos"). His cult members nicknamed him The Godfather ("El Padrino"). He was reportedly responsible for the murder of Mark Kilroy, an American student killed in Matamoros in 1989, along with several other cult killings.

neg: Frank Monte Frank Monte (June 21, 1931 in South Philadelphia – May 13, 1982 in South Philadelphia) was a member of the Philadelphia crime family. When Nicodemo Scarfo became boss, he named Monte as his consigliere. When Harry Riccobene refused to accept Scarfo as boss, the "Riccobene War" ensued. In 1979 Testa, Salvatore (Chuckie) Merlino and Robert (Bobby) Lumio murdered 31-year-old drug dealer Michael (Coco) Cifelli. He was murdered for selling drugs to the son of Frank Monte, a capo from Cinnaminson Township, New Jersey. Frank served under Phil Testa and later Nicky Scarfo. He oversaw illegal gambling operations in Atlantic City and New Jersey for the crime family. Michael Cifelli was gunned down by Testa and Salvatore (Chuckie) Merlino as he was talking on the phone in a telephone booth just inside a bar, Priori's, at 10th and Wolf Streets in the Point Breeze neighborhood of Philadelphia. Monte was later promoted to be consigliere in 1981 by Nicky Scarfo. Monte was murdered by a sniper rifle in 1982 on the orders of Riccobene. When the killers were arrested, they agreed to cooperate with law enforcement for lighter prison sentences. The men testified for the prosecution that Riccobene ordered them to kill Monte. Riccobene was convicted of the murder on 1984 and sentenced to life in prison.

neg: Larry Eyler Larry Eyler (December 21, 1952 – March 6, 1994) was an American serial killer convicted and sentenced to death in Illinois for the 1984 murder and dismemberment of 15-year-old Daniel Bridges.

neg: Jonathan Preston Haynes Jonathan Preston Haynes is an American criminal and serial killer known for racially motivated murders.

neg: Robert Berdella Robert Andrew Berdella (January 31, 1949October 8, 1992) was an American serial killer known as The Kansas City Butcher and The Collector, who kidnapped, raped, tortured, and murdered at least six men between 1984 and 1987 in Kansas City, Missouri after having forced his victims to endure periods of up to six weeks of captivity.

neg: Gerald Gallant Gerald Gallant was a Canadian contract killer who admitted to committing 27 murders and 12 attempted murders between 1978 and 2003. His victims were members of Quebec-based criminal gangs. Gallant was reportedly one of Canada's most prolific known killers.

neg: Philip Mangano Philip "Phil" Mangano (pronounced "MAN-gan-oh") (13 April, 1898 - April 19, 1951) was a Caporegime and second Consigliere in the Gambino crime family in New York City and reigned Consigliere for 20 years (1931 - 1951) when his brother, Vincent, was boss.

neg: Perry Edward Smith Perry Edward Smith (October 27, 1928 – April 14, 1965) was one of two ex-convicts convicted of murdering four members of the Clutter family in Holcomb, Kansas, United States, on November 15, 1959, a crime made famous by Truman Capote in his 1966 non-fiction novel "In Cold Blood". Along with Richard Hickock, Smith took part in the burglary of the Clutter family farmhouse.

neg: Faryion Wardrip Faryion Edward Wardrip (born March 6, 1959) is an American serial killer who murdered five women in Wichita Falls, Texas, and the surrounding counties from 1984 to 1986.

neg: Peter Woodcock David Michael Krueger (March 5, 1939 – March 5, 2010), best known by his birth name, Peter Woodcock, was a Canadian serial killer and child rapist who gained notoriety for the murders of three young children in Toronto in the late 1950s, as well as for a murder on his first day of unsupervised release from the psychiatric institution he was incarcerated in for his earlier crimes.

neg: Michael Rizzitello Michael Anthony Rizzitello (March 15, 1929 – October 26, 2005), also known as "Mike Rizzi", was an Italian American mobster in the Los Angeles crime family. Rizzitello's criminal record stretched back to 1947. He was also featured in several biography novels by mobsters-turned-informants Jimmy Fratianno ("The Last Mafioso" and "Vengeance Is Mine"), Anthony Fiato ("The Animal in Hollywood"), and Kenny Gallo ("Breakshot").

neg: Peter Dupas Peter Norris Dupas (born 6 July 1953) is an Australian serial killer, currently serving three consecutive life sentences for murder. His violent criminal history spans more than three decades, and with every release from prison has been known to commit further crimes against women with increasing levels of violence. His criminal signature is to remove the breasts of his female victims.

neg: Michael Pelligrino Michael Pelligrino (born 1966) is a U.S. man who fooled publisher Simon & Schuster into thinking that he was "Michael Gambino", grandson of Mafioso Carlo Gambino.