query: Archduchess Catherine Renata of Austria is a member of one of the most influential and outstanding royal houses of Europe that was occupied by who between 1438-1740?

pos: Archduchess Catherine Renata of Austria Archduchess Catherine Renata of Austria (4 January 1576 – 29 June 1599) was a member of the House of Habsburg.

pos: House of Habsburg The House of Habsburg ( ; ] ), also called House of Austria, was one of the most influential and outstanding royal houses of Europe. The throne of the Holy Roman Empire was continuously occupied by the Habsburgs between 1438 and 1740. The house also produced emperors and kings of the Kingdom of Bohemia, Kingdom of England ("Jure uxoris" King), Kingdom of Germany, Kingdom of Hungary, Kingdom of Croatia, Second Mexican Empire, Kingdom of Ireland ("Jure uxoris" King), Kingdom of Portugal, and Spain, as well as rulers of several Dutch and Italian principalities. From the 16th century, following the reign of Charles V, the dynasty was split between its Austrian and Spanish branches. Although they ruled distinct territories, they nevertheless maintained close relations and frequently intermarried.

neg: Archduke Archduke (feminine: Archduchess; German: "Erzherzog", feminine form: "Erzherzogin") was the title borne from 1358 by the Habsburg rulers of the Archduchy of Austria, and later by all senior members of that dynasty. It denotes a rank within the former Holy Roman Empire (962–1806), which was below that of Emperor and King and above that of (debatably) a Grand Duke, Duke and Prince.

neg: Joanna of Bavaria Joanna of Bavaria (c. 1362 – 31 December 1386), a member of the House of Wittelsbach, was German queen from 1376 and Queen of Bohemia from 1378 until her death, by her marriage with the Luxembourg king Wenceslaus.

neg: Catherine of France, Countess of Montpensier Catherine of France (4 February 1378 – November 1388) was the youngest child of Charles V of France and Joanna of Bourbon, who were cousins. She was a sibling of Charles VI of France and Louis of Valois, Duke of Orléans.

neg: Catherine of Austria, Duchess of Calabria Catherine of Austria (1295 – 18 January 1323, Naples) was a daughter of Albert I of Germany and his wife Elisabeth of Tirol. She was a member of the powerful House of Habsburg. She was Duchess of Calabria by her marriage.

neg: Margaret of Durazzo Margaret of Durazzo (Italian: "Margherita di Durazzo" 28 July 1347 – 6 August 1412) was Queen of Naples and Hungary and Princess of Achaea as the spouse of Charles III of Naples. She was regent of Naples from 1386 until 1393 during the minority of her son.

neg: Council of Aragon The Council of Aragon, officially, the Royal and Supreme Council of Aragon (Spanish: Real y Supremo Consejo de Aragón; Catalan: Consell Suprem d'Aragó) was a ruling body and key part of the domestic government of the Spanish Empire in Europe, second only to the monarch himself. It administered the Crown of Aragon, which was composed of the Kingdom of Aragon, Principality of Catalonia (including Roussillon until 1659), Kingdom of Valencia, Kingdom of Mallorca, as well as Aragon's Italian possessions (Kingdom of Sicily, Naples, and Sardinia) until the 1558 creation of the Council of Italia. The Council of Aragon ruled these territories as a part of Spain, and later the Iberian Union.

neg: Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria (1610–1665) Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria (German: "Maria Anna von Habsburg, Erzherzogin von Österreich", also known as "Maria Anna von Bayern" or "Maria-Anna, Kurfürstin von Bayern"; 13 January 1610 – 25 September 1665), was by birth Archduchess of Austria and member of the House of Habsburg and by marriage Electress of Bavaria.

neg: Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans (13 September 1676 – 23 December 1744) was a French "petite-fille de France", and duchess of Lorraine and Bar by marriage to Leopold, Duke of Lorraine. She was regent of Lorraine and Bar during the minority (1729-30) and absence of her son 1730-37), and "suo jure" Princess of Commercy in 1737-44. Among her children was Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor, a co-founder of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine.

neg: Elisabeth Farnese Elisabeth Farnese (Italian: "Elisabetta Farnese", Spanish: "Isabel de Farnesio"; 25 October 1692 – 11 July 1766) was Queen of Spain by marriage to King Philip V. She exerted great influence over Spain's foreign policy and was the "de facto" ruler of Spain from 1714 until 1746. From 1759 until 1760, she governed as regent.

neg: Archduchess Margaret of Austria (1567–1633) Archduchess Margaret of Austria (25 January 1567 – 5 July 1633), was a German princess member of the House of Habsburg.

neg: Dominic von Habsburg Dominic Habsburg-Lothringen, also known as Dominic von Habsburg (born 4 July 1937, Sonnberg, Lower Austria) is a member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, also known by his ancestral titles as Archduke Dominic of Austria, Prince of Hungary, Bohemia, and Tuscany. All noble, royal, and imperial titles have been abolished and are forbidden in Austria and in Hungary.

neg: Royal Palace of Caserta The Royal Palace of Caserta (Italian: "Reggia di Caserta" ] ; Neapolitan: "Reggia 'e Caserta" ) is a former royal residence in Caserta, southern Italy, constructed for the Bourbon kings of Naples. It is one of the largest palaces erected in Europe during the 18th century. In 1997, the palace was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site; its nomination described it as "the swan song of the spectacular art of the Baroque, from which it adopted all the features needed to create the illusions of multidirectional space". In terms of volume, the Royal Palace of Caserta is the largest royal residence in the world with over 2 million m³ and covering an area of about 235,000 m².

neg: Catherine of Austria, Lady of Coucy Catherine of Austria also known as "Katharina von Habsburg" (9 February 1320 – 28 September 1349) was the oldest daughter of Leopold I, Duke of Austria and his wife Catherine of Savoy. She was a member of the House of Habsburg by birth and married the Lord of Coucy.

neg: Princess Theresa of Bavaria (b. 1931) Archduchess Theresa of Austria, German: "Theresa Monika Valerie Elisabeth Ludovika Walburga Anna, Erzherzogin von Österreich" (born 9 January 1931 at Schloss Wallsee in Amstetten, Lower Austria, Federal State of Austria) is a member of the Tuscan branch of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine and an Archduchess of Austria and Princess of Bohemia, Hungary, and Tuscany by birth. Through her marriage to Prince Rasso of Bavaria, Theresa is also a member of the House of Wittelsbach and a Princess of Bavaria.

neg: Catherine the Great Catherine II (Russian: Екатерина Алексеевна "Yekaterina Alekseyevna"; 2 May [O.S. 21 April] 1729 – 17 November [O.S. 6 November] 1796 ), also known as Catherine the Great (Екатери́на Вели́кая , "Yekaterina Velikaya"), born Princess Sophie of Anhalt-Zerbst, was Empress of Russia from 1762 until 1796, the country's longest-ruling female leader and arguably its most renowned, regardless of gender (although Peter the Great was the only Tsar officially designated as "The Great" ). She came to power following a "coup d'état" when her husband, Peter III, was assassinated. Russia was revitalised under her reign, growing larger as well as stronger in military terms and becoming recognised as one of the great powers of Europe.

neg: Prince of Portugal Prince of Portugal (Portuguese: "Príncipe de Portugal"), officially Hereditary Prince of Portugal ("Príncipe Herdeiro de Portugal"), or Princess of Portugal, was the title held by the heirs apparent and heirs presumptive to the Kingdom of Portugal, from 1433 to 1645.

neg: Archduchess Maria Immakulata of Austria Archduchess Maria Immakulata of Austria (German: "Maria Immakulata Rainera Josepha Ferdinande Theresia Leopoldine Antoinette Henriette Franziska Karoline Aloysia Januaria Christine Philomena Rosalia, Erzherzogin von Österreich, Prinzessin von Toskana" ) (3 September 1878, Baden bei Wien, Lower Austria, Austria–Hungary – 25 November 1968, Schloss Altshausen, Altshausen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany) was a member of the House of Habsburg-Tuscany and Archduchess of Austria, Princess of Tuscany by birth. Maria Immakulata was the seventh child and fifth eldest daughter of Archduke Karl Salvator of Austria and his wife Princess Maria Immaculata of Bourbon-Two Sicilies.

neg: Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II (Joseph Benedikt Anton Michael Adam; 13 March 1741 – 20 February 1790) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1765 to 1790 and ruler of the Habsburg lands from 1780 to 1790. He was the eldest son of Empress Maria Theresa and her husband, Emperor Francis I, and was the brother of Marie Antoinette. He was thus the first ruler in the Austrian dominions of the House of Lorraine, styled Habsburg-Lorraine. Joseph was a proponent of enlightened absolutism; however, his commitment to modernizing reforms subsequently engendered significant opposition, which eventually culminated in an ultimate failure to fully implement his programmes. He has been ranked, with Catherine the Great of Russia and Frederick the Great of Prussia, as one of the three great Enlightenment monarchs. His policies are now known as Josephinism. He died with no sons and was succeeded by his younger brother, Leopold II.

neg: Capetian House of Anjou The Capetian House of Anjou was a royal house and cadet branch of the direct French House of Capet, part of the Capetian dynasty. It is one of three separate royal houses referred to as "Angevin", meaning "from Anjou" in France. Founded by Charles I of Naples, the youngest son of Louis VIII of France, the Capetian king first ruled the Kingdom of Sicily during the 13th century. Later the War of the Sicilian Vespers forced him out of the island of Sicily, leaving him with the southern half of the Italian Peninsula — the Kingdom of Naples. The house and its various branches would go on to influence much of the history of Southern and Central Europe during the Middle Ages, until becoming defunct in 1435.

neg: Cecilia Renata of Austria Archduchess Cecilia Renata of Austria (German: "Cäcilia Renata"; Polish: "Cecylia Renata"; 16 July 1611 – 24 March 1644) was Queen of Poland as consort to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth's King Władysław IV Vasa.


query: The company responsible for the Rattler at Six Flags Fiesta Texas later designed a wooden hypercoaster with a 214 ft drop.  What was the coaster named?

pos: Roller Coaster Corporation of America Roller Coaster Corporation of America (abbreviated RCCA) is an amusement ride manufacturer based in the United States. The company's first major project was the Rattler at Six Flags Fiesta Texas in 1992, while their most famous coaster was the Son of Beast at Kings Island, the world's tallest and first looping wooden coaster when it opened in 2000.

pos: Son of Beast Son of Beast was a record-breaking wooden roller coaster located at Kings Island in Mason, Ohio. Built and designed by the now defunct Roller Coaster Corporation of America, it opened to the public on May 26, 2000, and was themed as a sequel to one of the park's other signature attractions, The Beast. In addition to breaking the world record for speed, Son of Beast was the first wooden hypercoaster in the world with a 214 ft drop and was the second wooden coaster to feature an inversion; Flip Flap Railway was the first, but was long defunct before the ride's opening.

neg: Wild Rider Wild Rider was a compact steel roller coaster located at Six Flags Great Adventure. It was designed by Schwarzkopf and operated from 1978 through 1980.

neg: Jaguar! Jaguar! is a themed steel family roller coaster located at Knott's Berry Farm in Buena Park, California, built by Zierer GmbH.

neg: Timberline Twister The Timberline Twister is a steel roller coaster located at Knott's Berry Farm in Buena Park, California. It was built in 1983 and is mainly aimed at younger kids, as well as adults under 5'9" tall who do not wish to go on the park's wilder roller coasters. The ride features small "bumps" and one lift hill. This mini-coaster is perfect for a thrill seeker who is not tall enough to go on the bigger rides. This ride is located in Camp Snoopy next to The Camp Bus Ride.

neg: Batman: The Dark Knight (roller coaster) Batman: The Dark Knight (formerly known as Batman: The Ride) is a steel floorless roller coaster designed by Bolliger & Mabillard located in the south end of Six Flags New England. The roller coaster has 2600 ft of track, reaches a maximum height of 117.8 ft , and features five inversions. The coaster was announced on February 6, 2002 and opened to the public on April 20, 2002. In 2008, the ride's name was changed to "Batman: The Ride" to avoid confusion with The Dark Knight Coaster that was planned to be built at the park; after the project was cancelled, the ride's name reverted to its original.

neg: Dare Devil Dive Dare Devil Dive is a steel roller coaster at Six Flags Over Georgia. Designed by German company Gerstlauer, "Dare Devil Dive" is based on the company's Euro-Fighter model, and features a 95 ft -tall vertical lift hill, a 95° first drop, three inversions and a top speed of 52 mph . It is also the first Euro-Fighter to debut a new lap-bar restraint system, replacing the more common over-the-shoulder harnesses.

neg: Pandemonium (roller coaster) Pandemonium is a spinning roller coaster located at several Six Flags theme parks in North America. Designed by Gerstlauer, a German ride manufacturer and Werner Stengel. Since 2005, Six Flags has installed Pandemonium in five of their parks, with one being relocated to another company park.

neg: Mind Eraser The Mind Eraser is a steel inverted roller coaster at four different Six Flags and CNL theme parks. Built by Vekoma, they are of the most common and standard Suspended Looping Coaster model that is found in many theme parks; at least fifteen other parks around the world have exactly the same ride under other names. The Mind Eraser was introduced in 1995 and was one of the first suspended looping coasters built in the world.

neg: Arrow Dynamics Arrow Dynamics was a roller coaster design and manufacturing company based in Clearfield, Utah, United States. Successor to Arrow Development (1946–1981) and Arrow Huss (1981–1986), which were responsible for some of the most influential advancements in the amusement and theme park industries. Among the most significant was tubular steel track, which provided a smoother ride than the railroad style rails commonly used prior to the 1960s on wooden roller coasters. The Matterhorn Bobsleds at Disneyland was Arrow's first foray into roller coasters, in 1959. Arrow and their successors would continue to build trend-setting ride systems for the next 45 years.

neg: Giant Cyclone Safety Coasters Giant Cyclone Safety Coasters were a model line of roller coasters which were designed and marketed by Harry Traver and his company Traver Engineering in the 1920s. Despite their name, they had a dangerous reputation and are regarded by many historians as some of the most fearsome roller coasters ever built.

neg: Space Shuttle (roller coaster) The Space Shuttle is a steel roller coaster situated at Enchanted Kingdom in Santa Rosa, Laguna in the Philippines. Space Shuttle Max is a Vekoma Boomerang coaster. It has a single train with seven cars, with 2 rows per car and 2 seats per row. The train is capable of carrying a maximum of 28 passengers. It is inspired by sci-fi films and the NASA space program of the 60's. This 11-story roller coaster inverts riders six times - three times forward and three times backward. This is the first coaster ride of its kind in the country.

neg: Roller coaster inversion A roller coaster inversion is a roller coaster element in which the track turns riders upside-down and then returns them to an upright position. Early forms of inversions, dating as far back as 1848 on the Centrifugal Railway in Paris, were vertical loops that were circular in nature. They produced massive g-force that was often dangerous to riders, and as a result, the element eventually became non-existent with the last rides to feature the looping inversions being dismantled during the Great Depression. In 1975, designers from Arrow Development created the corkscrew, reviving interest in the inversion during the modern age of steel roller coasters. Since then, the element have evolved from simple corkscrews and vertical loops to more complex inversions such Immelmann loops and cobra rolls. Featuring fourteen inversions, The Smiler at Alton Towers holds the world record for the number of inversions on a roller coaster.

neg: Extremeroller Extremeroller was a steel stand-up roller coaster at Worlds of Fun in Kansas City, Missouri. It was built by Arrow Dynamics and the first stand-up roller coaster in the United States. It was built in 1976 under the name Screamroller. In 1983, Arrow designed a stand-up train for the attraction, which was subsequently renamed Extremeroller (also known as EXT). However, the original sit-down trains were reinstalled in 1984, remaining in place until the attraction was removed in 1988 and replaced by Timber Wolf that opened in 1989. In 1990 extremeroller was relocated to Formosa WonderWorld in Taipei Taiwan under as "spiral" which standing until end of 2006 the attraction have been removed and it is unknown if it its being scrapped or in storage somewhere.

neg: Hades 360 Hades 360 is the name of a wooden roller coaster located at Mt. Olympus Water & Theme Park in Wisconsin Dells, Wisconsin. It was originally known as Hades before the 360 degree roll was added in 2013. It is the largest roller coaster in the park. Hades 360 is a rarity among wooden roller coasters due to its 360 degree roll, 110-degree over banked turn, steep 65-degree drop as well as its 90-degree banked turn, as drops and angles this steep are generally not included on wooden roller coasters due to structural limitations. The ride was designed by The Gravity Group.

neg: Zippin Pippin The Zippin Pippin, formerly called the Pippin, is one of the oldest existing wooden roller coasters in the United States. It was initially constructed in the former East End Park in Memphis, Tennessee, in either 1912, 1915, or 1917 by John A. Miller and Harry C. Baker of National Amusement Devices. The construction material was pine wood. As the park declined in popularity, the coaster was dismantled and relocated adjacent to the horse track in Montgomery Park, later known as the Mid-South Fairgrounds. For a time it was incorporated as an attraction in the now-closed Libertyland amusement park there, until that park closed in 2005. Purchased by the city of Green Bay, Wisconsin, in 2010, it was installed at the Bay Beach Amusement Park, where it is once again in operation.

neg: TOGO TOGO (株式会社トーゴ , Kabushiki-gaisha Tōgo ) was a Japanese amusement ride company that built roller coasters, giant wheels, carousels, flumes, dark rides, sky cycles and other amusement rides.

neg: River King Mine Train The River King Mine Train is a hybrid wood structure roller coaster located at Six Flags St. Louis. Built in 1971, it was the first coaster of the park. The actual ride itself is one of two tracks, one which was later sold. Today, the ride operates with its original name. The ride has also received modern upgrades, including a new control panel. It is a popular family and beginner coaster being it is the smallest in the park. The Mine Train as it is often called, is unique in the fact that it has no automatic system for the lap bars. Instead, employees have to manually lock and unlock the bars. Trains are 5 cars with riders arranged 2 across in 3 rows. In total, the coaster has 3 trains that have a total capacity of 90 riders (30 each).

neg: Intimidator (roller coaster) Intimidator is a steel roller coaster built by Bolliger & Mabillard at Carowinds. The roller coaster is located in the Celebration Plaza section of the park on the former site of the Wild Thornberry's River Adventure log flume ride. Intimidator is the thirteenth roller coaster installed at Carowinds and is located near the entrance of the theme park. It is currently one of the tallest, fastest and longest roller coasters in the Southeast with a 232 ft lift hill, a top speed of 75 mph and a track length of 5316 ft . It was announced on August 26, 2009 and opened March 27, 2010. The roller coaster's name comes from the nickname of NASCAR driver Dale Earnhardt.

neg: The Racer (Kings Island) The Racer is a wooden, racing roller coaster located at Kings Island amusement park in Mason, Ohio. Designed by the legendary John C. Allen, The Racer made its public debut at the park's grand opening in 1972. It was thrust into the national spotlight after being featured in an episode of the popular TV sitcom "The Brady Bunch" in 1973 and is often recognized for playing a vital role in the roller coaster renaissance of the 1970s. The Racer inspired similar designs in other roller coasters, such as Rebel Yell at Kings Dominion and Thunder Road at Carowinds. The Racer is also one of the few original Kings Island attractions still in operation today.

neg: Space Mountain (Magic Kingdom) Space Mountain is an indoor dark outer space-themed steel roller coaster at the Magic Kingdom theme park at the Walt Disney World Resort in Lake Buena Vista, Florida. Opened on January 15, 1975, Space Mountain is the oldest operating roller coaster in the state of Florida, and is the original version of the iconic attraction that has since been replicated at all of The Walt Disney Company's Magic Kingdom-style theme parks worldwide, except for the Shanghai Disneyland Resort. RCA helped fund Space Mountain's construction and sponsored the ride from 1975 to 1993; FedEx sponsored Space Mountain from 1994 to 2004.

neg: Raging Spirits Raging Spirits is a roller coaster attraction in Tokyo DisneySea, began operation on July 21, 2005. Created by Walt Disney Imagineering, manufactured by Intamin and built by Sansei Technologies, the attraction takes guests on a thrilling, high-speed ride through the ruins of an ancient ceremonial site and its depictions of Incan buildings in the mountainous region of Peru. The attraction is located in Tokyo DisneySea's Lost River Delta section.


query: Although best known for playing Jesus, Brian Deacon also appeared in this 1972 British film by Michael Apted?

pos: Brian Deacon Brian Deacon (born 13 February 1949) is an English actor. Although he appeared in films such as "The Triple Echo" (1972) and "Vampyres" (1974), he is perhaps best known for portraying Jesus in the 1979 film "Jesus", which was made by the evangelical organization the Jesus Film Project. (Deacon was chosen for the part out of a field of 263 actors screen tested by producer John Heyman.) Deacon has also portrayed Heumac in "The Feathered Serpent" (1976, 1978), Frank Miles in the 1978 TV series "Lillie", and appeared with his brother, Eric, in the Peter Greenaway film, "A Zed & Two Noughts" (1985), as Oswald Deuce . Between 1992 and 1993, he played the role of The Rt Hon. Neil Kincaid in British soap opera Emmerdale, the lover of established character Kim Tate (Claire King).

pos: The Triple Echo The Triple Echo (also known as Soldier in Skirts in US release) is a 1972 British drama film directed by Michael Apted starring Glenda Jackson, Brian Deacon and Oliver Reed, and based on a novella by H. E. Bates.

neg: Always Trouble with the Reverend Always Trouble with the Reverend (German: Immer Ärger mit Hochwürden) is a 1972 West German comedy film directed by Harald Vock and starring  Georg Thomalla, Peter Weck and Chris Roberts. It is a sequel to the 1971 film "The Reverend Turns a Blind Eye".

neg: A City's Child A City's Child is a 1972 Australian film directed by Brian Kavanagh.

neg: Constantine and the Cross Constantine and the Cross (AKA: Costantino il grande) is a 1961 historical drama film about the early career of the emperor Constantine, who first legalized and then adopted Christianity in the early 4th century. The fictionalised film only stretches as far into his life as the Battle of the Milvian Bridge in AD 312.

neg: The Second Coming (TV serial) The Second Coming is a two-part British television drama first screened on ITV in the United Kingdom in February 2003. It concerns the realisation of humble video store worker Steve Baxter (played by Christopher Eccleston) that he is in fact the Son of God, and has just a few days to find the human race's Third Testament and thus avert the Apocalypse.

neg: Panhandle 38 Panhandle 38 (Italian: ...e alla fine lo chiamarono Jerusalem l'implacabile, also known as "Padella calibro 38" and "Panhandle Calibre 38") is a 1972 Italian comedy-western film. The film represents the debut and the only film directed by Toni Secchi, that had previously been the cinematographer of a number of successful spaghetti westerns. It was also the only leading role for Scott Holden, the son of William Holden and Brenda Marshall, who had a brief film career in early 70s.

neg: Blood Freak Blood Freak is a 1972 American horror film, directed by Brad F. Grinter and starring Steve Hawkes.

neg: God Is My Colt .45 La colt era il suo Dio (internationally released as God Is My Colt .45) is a 1972 Italian spaghetti western directed by Luigi Batzella. In this film Batzella uses scenes of two spaghetti westerns he previously directed, "Anche per Django le carogne hanno un prezzo" and "Paid in Blood".

neg: Images (film) Images is a 1972 British-American psychological horror film written and directed by Robert Altman and starring Susannah York and René Auberjonois. The picture follows an unstable children's author who finds herself engulfed in apparitions and hallucinations while staying at her remote vacation home.

neg: Amazing Grace (2006 film) Amazing Grace is a 2006 British-American biographical drama film directed by Michael Apted, about the campaign against slave trade in the British Empire, led by William Wilberforce, who was responsible for steering anti-slave trade legislation through the British parliament. The title is a reference to the hymn "Amazing Grace". The film also recounts the experiences of John Newton as a crewman on a slave ship and subsequent religious conversion, which inspired his writing of the poem later used in the hymn. Newton is portrayed as a major influence on Wilberforce and the abolition movement.

neg: Private Angelo (film) Private Angelo is a 1949 British comedy war film directed by Michael Anderson and Peter Ustinov and starring Ustinov, Godfrey Tearle, Maria Denis and Marjorie Rhodes. It depicts the misadventures of a soldier in the Italian Army during the Second World War. It was adapted from the novel "Private Angelo" by Eric Linklater. The film's costumes were designed by Ustinov's mother Nadia Benois.

neg: Sweet Jesus, Preacherman Sweet Jesus, Preacherman is a 1973 American blaxploitation action film directed by Henning Schellerup and written by John Cerullo, M. Stuart Madden and Abbey Leitch. The film stars Roger E. Mosley, William Smith, Michael Pataki, Tom Johnigarn, Joe Tornatore and Damu King. The film was released on May 25, 1973, by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.

neg: Jesus to a Child "Jesus to a Child" is a song by British singer George Michael. The song peaked at number one in the United Kingdom and Australia, and at number 2 in the mainland European charts. The song has also become George Michael's highest-direct entry in the American charts. The song is one of George Michael's best-known songs and was included on the 1996 album "Older". It was a melancholy tribute to his lover Anselmo Feleppa.

neg: Tubular Bells Tubular Bells is the debut album by English musician Mike Oldfield, released on Virgin Records on 25 May 1973. Apart from occasional vocal contributions, the album is essentially an instrumental record, consisting of two musical compositions in excess of twenty minutes each, one on each side of the original vinyl release. It is notable for the fact that Oldfield, only 19 years old when it was recorded, played almost every instrument on the album himself. "Tubular Bells" was also the first release on the Virgin label and its success played an important part in the company's subsequent growth. Although sales of the album during its first few months were slow, it gained global attention when its introduction was used briefly but memorably on the soundtrack to the Academy Award-winning film "The Exorcist" which was released in North America in December 1973 and in the UK three months later. The album became a worldwide success during 1974, reaching number one in the UK, Australia and Canada, and number three on the US "Billboard" 200. It ended the decade as the third best-selling album of the 1970s in the UK.

neg: Made in Heaven (1952 film) Made in Heaven is a 1952 British Technicolor comedy film directed by John Paddy Carstairs which stars David Tomlinson, Petula Clark and Sonja Ziemann. The screenplay was based on a story by William Douglas-Home.

neg: Saints and Sinners (1949 film) Saints and Sinners is a 1949 British comedy drama film directed by Leslie Arliss and starring Kieron Moore, Christine Norden and Sheila Manahan. The film follows life in small Irish town, where a man is wrongly accused of theft.

neg: Child's Play (1972 film) Child's Play is a 1972 American drama-mystery film directed by Sidney Lumet. It stars James Mason and Robert Preston. The screenplay by Leon Prochnik is based on the 1970 play of the same title by Robert Marasco. It was released on DVD and Blu-ray September 4, 2012 by Olive Films.

neg: Jesus Songs Jesus Songs is a 2004 mini-album by British group The Broken Family Band. The songs have a unifying theme in Jesus Christ, though the band themselves are not Christians.

neg: Son of God (TV series) Son of God (also known as Jesus: The Complete Story and Jesus: The Real Story) is an award-winning British documentary series that chronicles the life of Jesus Christ using scientific and contemporary historical evidence. It was presented by Jeremy Bowen, and its first episode premiered in the United Kingdom on 1 April 2001. The executive producer was Ruth Pitt and it was directed by Jean-Claude Bragard—it took a total of 16 months to produce and cost GB£ . A full symphonic score was composed by James Whitbourn. "Son of God" featured interviews with 21 historians and other Biblical experts, live action reenactments of the life of Jesus with Leron Livo in the lead role, and computer-generated images of what locations from Jesus's time might have looked like. These images, created by design team Red Vision, were praised by critics and received an Outstanding Achievement Award at the 2001 Royal Television Society North Awards.

neg: The Amazing Mr. Blunden The Amazing Mr. Blunden is a 1972 family mystery film involving ghosts film directed by Lionel Jeffries, based on the novel "The Ghosts" by Antonia Barber.

neg: Another Sunday and Sweet F.A. Another Sunday and Sweet F.A. is a television play (a one-off drama) written by Jack Rosenthal and directed by Michael Apted which was first broadcast on 8 January 1972 in Granada Television's "Sunday Night Theatre" strand. It stars David Swift, Freddie Fletcher, and Gordon McGrase. It also features Anne Kirkbride, who as a result of her performance was cast in "Coronation Street" in the role of Deirdre Barlow.


query: What state is the mythical creature written about by Glen David Gold in his short stories live in?

pos: Glen David Gold Glen David Gold (born 1964) is an American author, known as the writer of "Carter Beats the Devil" and "Sunnyside". "Carter Beats the Devil" is a fictionalized biography of Charles Joseph Carter (1874–1936), an American illusionist performing from c. 1900 to 1936. He writes in a narrative style, and the book was hailed as a very respectable venture into historical fiction. His second novel, "Sunnyside", was published in 2009. Short stories of his—including "The Tears of Squonk"—have appeared in a number of issues of McSweeney's.

pos: Squonk The Squonk is a mythical creature reputed to live in the Hemlock forests of northern Pennsylvania. Legends of squonks probably originated in the late nineteenth century, at the height of Pennsylvania's importance in the potential timber industry.

neg: Loveland frog In Ohio folklore, the Loveland frog (a.k.a. the Loveland lizard) is a legendary humanoid frog described as standing roughly 4 ft tall, allegedly spotted in Loveland, Ohio. A local man reported seeing three froglike men at the side of the road in 1955, and a police officer claimed to have seen a similar creature on a bridge in the city in 1972.

neg: Sk'elep Sk'elep or Coyote is the traditional trickster figure in the pantheon of Secwepemc mythology. He is featured in many legends and has many powers, including the ability to die and come back to life. Like the animal his character is enjoined to, he is very clever. But like all intelligent beings, he can also have his foolish moments and can make emblematic mistakes that people can learn from. For example, according to a traditional Secwepemc story, he once decided that he had to climb into a tree and spin a web like a spider. The only result of this misguided idea was that he left behind clumps of his hair in the tree. This magical hair, however, became wila ("Bryoria fremontii"), a species of lichen which is sometimes also called 'wile' (pronounced weel-eh) in the Secwepemc language. In some other Interior Salish cultures, he went into the tree for other reasons; for example, in Colville-Okanagan culture, Coyote was dropped into the tree by some swans he'd grabbed in a hunt. In this story also, though, his hair became the hair moss lichen.

neg: Muc-sheilche The Muc-sheilch(e) (] ) is a loch monster reported to live in Loch Maree, and its neighbouring lochs.

neg: Wood frog The wood frog ("Lithobates sylvaticus" or "Rana sylvatica") has a broad distribution over North America, extending from the Boreal forest of Canada and Alaska to the southern Appalachians, with several notable disjunct populations including lowland eastern North Carolina. The wood frog has garnered attention by biologists over the last century because of its freeze tolerance, relatively great degree of terrestrialism (for a ranid), interesting habitat associations (peat bogs, vernal pools, uplands), and relatively long-range movements. The ecology and conservation of the wood frog has attracted research attention in recent years because they are often considered "obligate" breeders in ephemeral wetlands (sometimes called "vernal pools") that are themselves more imperiled than the species that breed in them. The wood frog has been proposed to be the official state amphibian of New York.

neg: Deep One The Deep Ones are creatures in the Cthulhu Mythos of H. P. Lovecraft. The beings first appeared in Lovecraft's novella "The Shadow Over Innsmouth" (1931), but were already hinted at in the early short story "Dagon". The Deep Ones are a race of intelligent ocean-dwelling creatures, approximately human-shaped but with a fishy, froggy appearance. They regularly mate with humans along the coast, creating societies of hybrids.

neg: Halchidhoma traditional narratives Halchidhoma traditional narratives include myths, legends, tales, and oral histories preserved by the Halchidhoma people who formerly lived along the lower Colorado River in southeastern California and western Arizona.

neg: Loch Ness Monster The Loch Ness Monster, or Nessie, is an aquatic being which reputedly inhabits Loch Ness in the Scottish Highlands. It is similar to other supposed lake monsters in Scotland and elsewhere, and is often described as being large in size, with a long neck and one or more humps protruding from the water. Popular interest and belief in the creature has varied since it was brought to worldwide attention in 1933. Evidence of its existence is anecdotal, with a few disputed photographs and sonar readings.

neg: Moon-beast Moon-beasts are creatures in H. P. Lovecraft's Dream Cycle. They are “great greyish-white slippery things which could expand and contract at will, and whose principal shape — though it often changed — was that of a sort of toad without any eyes, but with a curious vibrating mass of short pink tentacles on the end of its blunt, vague snout” ("The Dream-Quest of Unknown Kadath", Lovecraft). They live on the dark side of the Dreamlands' moon which, unlike the moon of the waking world, has great forests and oily seas.

neg: Mythical Beasties Mythical Beasties is an anthology of themed fantasy and science fiction short stories on the subject of legendary creatures edited by Isaac Asimov, Martin H. Greenberg and Charles G. Waugh as the sixth volume in their Isaac Asimov's Magical Worlds of Fantasy series. It was first published in paperback by Signet/New American Library in May 1986. The first British edition was issued under the alternate title Mythic Beasts in trade paperback by Robinson in 1988.

neg: Thunderbird and Whale "Thunderbird and Whale" is an indigenous myth belonging to the mythological traditions of a number of tribes from the Pacific Northwest.

neg: Morag (loch monster) Morag (Scottish Gaelic: "Mòrag" ) is the nickname given to a loch monster believed by some to live in Loch Morar, Scotland. After Nessie, it is among the most written about of Scotland's legendary monsters. "Morag", a Scottish female name, is a pun on the name of the loch. Reported sightings date back to 1887, and included 34 incidents by 1981. Sixteen of these involved multiple witnesses.

neg: Glen, New Hampshire Glen is an unincorporated community in the town of Bartlett in the White Mountains of New Hampshire. The village is the home of Story Land, a popular amusement park in the Mount Washington Valley region, a resort area that also includes the communities of North Conway and Jackson.

neg: Wyvern A wyvern ( , sometimes spelled wivern) is a legendary creature with a dragon's head and wings, a reptilian body, two legs, and a tail. A sea-dwelling variant dubbed the sea-wyvern has a fish tail in place of a barbed dragon's tail.

neg: Living dinosaur Living dinosaurs are non-avian dinosaurs that may have survived the Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) extinction event. The term is used in the scientific fields of paleontology and biology (as well as the pseudoscience of cryptozoology) to refer to different creatures. In paleontology, all non-avian dinosaurs are believed to have gone extinct during the K–Pg extinction event, round 5 million years ago, but there is some scattered evidence that some may have survived into the Paleocene epoch. These alleged creatures are referred to as living dinosaurs. In biology, the term is sometimes used to describe birds, which are the only living clade of dinosaurs today. In cryptozoology, where the term is often used, it refers to any legendary or folkloric creature that resembles the dinosaurs (such as the Loch Ness Monster), which cryptozoologists allege are dinosaurs that have survived into modern times. Excluding a few controversial claims, scientists agree that all non-avian dinosaurs became extinct at the K–Pg boundary.

neg: The Story of the Glittering Plain The Story of the Glittering Plain (full title: "The Story of the Glittering Plain which has been also called the Land of Living Men or the Acre of the Undying") is an 1891 fantasy novel by William Morris, perhaps the first modern fantasy writer to unite an imaginary world with the element of the supernatural, and thus the precursor of much of present-day fantasy literature. It is also important for its exploration of the socialist themes that interested Morris.

neg: Tahoe Tessie Tahoe Tessie is a cryptozoological creature which supposedly resides in North America's largest alpine lake, Lake Tahoe, located in Nevada and California. Tales of the lake-dwelling creature can be traced to stories told by members of the Washoe and Paiute tribes in the mid-19th century, stating that the creature resides in an underwater tunnel beneath Cave Rock, and sightings have continued into modern day.

neg: Demon Cat The Demon Cat (also referred to as D.C.) is the name given to the ghost of a cat which is purported to haunt the government buildings of Washington, D.C. in the United States.

neg: Tony Beaver Tony Beaver is a character in several tall tales, often in tandem with stories of Paul Bunyan. Beaver was a West Virginian woodsman located up Eel River, often described as a cousin of Paul Bunyan, and champion griddle skater of the southern United States. The stories appeared in print in the early 20th century and were later compiled by Mary E. Cober.

neg: Winesburg, Ohio Winesburg, Ohio (full title: "Winesburg, Ohio: A Group of Tales of Ohio Small-Town Life") is a 1919 short story cycle by the American author Sherwood Anderson. The work is structured around the life of protagonist George Willard, from the time he was a child to his growing independence and ultimate abandonment of Winesburg as a young man. It is set in the fictional town of Winesburg, Ohio (not to be confused with the actual Winesburg), which is based loosely on the author's childhood memories of Clyde, Ohio.

neg: El Dorado El Dorado (] , ; Spanish for "the golden one"), originally "El Hombre Dorado" (the golden man), or "El Rey Dorado" (the golden king), was the term used by the Spanish Empire to describe a mythical tribal chief ("zipa") of the Muisca native people of Colombia, who, as an initiation rite, covered himself with gold dust and submerged in Lake Guatavita. The legends surrounding El Dorado changed over time, as it went from being a man, to a city, to a kingdom, and then finally an empire.


query: Clan Henderson has a historical seat at what 16th-century tower house?

pos: Clan Henderson The Clan Henderson (Clann Eanruig) is a Scottish clan. The clan's historical seat is at Fordell Castle in Dalgety Bay, Fife. The current clan chief is Alistair Henderson of Fordell.

pos: Fordell Castle Fordell Castle is a restored 16th-century tower house, located 1.25 mi north-west of Dalgety Bay and 2 mi east of Dunfermline, in Fife, Scotland.

neg: Kelburn Castle Kelburn Castle is a large house near Fairlie, North Ayrshire, Scotland. It is the seat of the Earl of Glasgow. Originally built in the thirteenth century (the original keep forms the core of the house) it was remodelled in the sixteenth century. In 1700 the first Earl made further extensions to the house in a manner not unlike a French "château" which is virtually how it appears today. In 1977 the house and grounds opened to the public as a country park. It is one of the oldest castles in Scotland and has been continuously inhabited by the same family for longer than any other. The castle is protected as a category A listed building, while the grounds are included in the Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland.

neg: The Hirsel The Hirsel is a Category A Listed stately home near Coldstream in the Scottish Borders. It has been a seat of the Earls of Home since 1611, and the principal seat following the destruction of Hume Castle during the mid-17th century. It was the home of the former British Prime Minister, Sir Alec Douglas-Home, the 14th Earl of Home.

neg: Ashintully Castle Ashintully Castle, located near Kirkmichael, north of Blairgowrie, in the county of Perthshire Scotland, was built in 1583 as a fortified tower house by the Spalding family; the Feudal Barons of Ashintully. The Spalding Barons were chiefs of the Spalding Clan and followers of the Duke of Atholl, the Chief of the Murray Clan. The Spaldings of Ashintully and their cadet branches were Jacobites, or followers of the House of Stuart. The castle is reached from the B950 road to the Northeast of Kirkmichael. The name "Ashintully" is an anglicized spelling of the Gaelic "Eas an Tulaich" and means "cascade of the hillock".

neg: Clan Macfie Clan Macfie is a Scottish clan. Since 1981, the clan has been officially registered with the Court of the Lord Lyon, which is the heraldic authority of Scotland. The clan is considered an armigerous clan because even though the clan is recognised by the Court of the Lord Lyon, it is currently without a chief recognised by the Lord Lyon King of Arms, the judge of the Court of the Lord Lyon. The official clan name "Macfie" is derived from the Common Gaelic "Mac Dhuibhshíthe" (modern Scottish Gaelic Scottish Gaelic: "MacDhubhShìth" . This Gaelic patronymic name has been Anglicised into various forms, many of which are considered associated names of the clan. The clan has a long history with the islands of Colonsay and Oronsay in the Scottish Inner Hebrides, and today many monuments to various lairds and churchmen of the clan are found on these islands.

neg: Kilclief Castle Kilclief Castle (Irish: "Caislean Cill Cléithe" ) (Ordnance Survey ref: J597457) is a tower-house castle beside Strangford Lough and 2.5 miles (4 km) south of the village of Strangford, County Down, Northern Ireland. Kilclief is a hamlet of historical value on the Strangford to Ardglass road. This kind of tower-house is sometimes called the gatehouse type, because of its similarity to a castle gatehouse. It is among the oldest tower houses in Lecale. Kilclief Castle tower house is a State Care Historic Monument in the townland of Kilclief, in Down District Council area, at grid ref: J5972 4575.

neg: Cranshaws Castle Cranshaws Castle or Cranshaws Tower is a privately owned 15th-century pele situated by the village of Cranshaws in Berwickshire, Scotland. The building is still in use as a residence, and is protected as a category A listed building.

neg: Argyll's Lodging Argyll's Lodging is a 17th-century town-house in the Renaissance style, situated below Stirling Castle in Stirling, Scotland. It was a residence of the Earl of Stirling and later the Earls of Argyll. The Royal Commission regards it as “the most important surviving town-house of its period in Scotland”. At the end of the 20th century it became a museum.

neg: Balmangan Tower Balmangan Tower is a ruined 16th-century tower house situated near Borgue, Dumfries and Galloway.

neg: Barclosh Castle Barclosh Castle is a ruined 16th-century tower house situated near Dalbeattie, Dumfries and Galloway. There remains a section of wall 4 feet thick and 27 feet high.

neg: Alexanders of Menstrie The Alexanders of Menstrie, also known as the House of Alexander, are a sept of Clan MacAlister of Scotland, itself a branch of Clan MacDonald. The family is said to descend from Somerled, Lord of the Isles. The seat of the clan was at Menstrie Castle in Menstrie, Clackmannanshire. Descendants of the Alexanders of Menstrie have become prominent in Ireland, England and the United States.

neg: Castle Levan Castle Levan (also known as Levan Castle) is a fortified tower house in Levan area of Gourock, Inverclyde, Scotland.

neg: Forter Castle Forter Castle is located in Glenisla, Perthshire, Scotland. It was built in 1560 by James Ogilvy, the 5th Lord of Airlie. In 1640, it was burned by Archibald Campbell, the 8th Earl of Argyll, but it was rebuilt in early 1990s.

neg: Clan Lennox Clan Lennox is a Lowland Scottish clan. The clan chiefs were the original Earls of Lennox, although this title went via an heiress to other noble families in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. The chiefship of the clan then went to the Lennox of Woodehead branch.

neg: Little Harle Tower Little Harle Tower is a privately owned country house with 15th-century origins, at Little Harle, Kirkwhelpington, Northumberland. It is a Grade II* listed building.

neg: Leslie Castle Leslie Castle is a castle in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, the historical seat of Clan Leslie, located just to the west of Auchleven, or about 45 km northwest of Aberdeen. It was built on the site of a former castle (probably a wooden motte and bailey) around 1661 as "the last fortified house in Scotland". In the late 1970s restoration of the castle was begun and by the end of the 1980s this was completed. In 1995, a Leslie Clan Gathering was held at Leslie Castle. It is now operated as bed and breakfast accommodation.

neg: Fetteresso Castle Fetteresso Castle is a 14th-century towerhouse, rebuilt in 1761 as a Scottish gothic style Palladian manor, with clear evidence of prehistoric use of the site. It is situated immediately west of the town of Stonehaven in Kincardineshire slightly to the west of the A90 dual carriageway. Other notable historic fortified houses or castles in this region are Dunnottar Castle, Muchalls Castle, Fiddes Castle, Cowie Castle and Monboddo House.

neg: Castle Stuart Castle Stuart is a restored tower house on the banks of the Moray Firth, about 6.5 mi northeast of Inverness.

neg: Carrick Castle Carrick Castle is a 15th-century tower house on the west shore of Loch Goil on the Cowal peninsula in Argyll and Bute, Scotland. It is located between Cuilmuich and Carrick, 4 mi south of Lochgoilhead.

neg: Ardencaple Castle Ardencaple Castle, also known as Ardincaple Castle, and sometimes referred to as Ardencaple Castle Light, is a listed building, situated about 1 smi from Helensburgh, Argyll and Bute, Scotland. Today, all that remains of the castle is a tower, perched on the edge of a plateau, looking down on a flat tract of land between it and the shore of the Firth of Clyde. The original castle was thought to have been built sometime in the 12th century, and part of the remains of the original castle were said to have existed in the 19th century. Today, that sole remaining tower is used as a navigational aid for shipping on the Firth of Clyde. Because of its use as a lighthouse the tower has been called Ardencaple Castle Light.

neg: Udny Castle Udny Castle is a tower house in the parish of Udny, southwest of the village of Pitmedden and northeast of the hamlet of Udny Green, Aberdeenshire, in the northeast of Scotland. The area is generally flat but the castle is sited on the highest ground and can be seen for a considerable distance. Its exact construction date is unknown, but its foundations probably date from the late 14th or early 15th century. Additional storeys were added and a later extension, described as a "modern mansion", was incorporated but subsequently demolished. It is a Category A listed building.


query: What year was the person who played Shelby in Glee born?

pos: Theatricality "Theatricality" is the twentieth episode of the American television series "Glee". The episode was written and directed by series creator Ryan Murphy, and premiered on the Fox network on May 25, 2010. In "Theatricality", glee club member Tina Cohen-Chang (Jenna Ushkowitz) has an identity crisis. The female club members and Kurt (Chris Colfer) pay tribute to Lady Gaga, performing in a selection of her costumes, while the rest of the male club members perform as Kiss. Rachel (Lea Michele) meets her mother Shelby (Idina Menzel), the coach of rival glee club Vocal Adrenaline, and Finn (Cory Monteith) and his mother move in with Kurt and his father, leading to a confrontation between Kurt and Finn. The episode features cover versions of five songs, all of which were released as singles, available for digital download, and three of which are included on the soundtrack album "".

pos: Idina Menzel Idina Kim Menzel ( ; born Idina Kim Mentzel; May 30, 1971) is an American actress, singer, and songwriter.

neg: Duets (Glee) "Duets" is the fourth episode of the second season of the American television series "Glee", and the twenty-sixth episode overall. It was written by series creator Ian Brennan, directed by Eric Stoltz, and premiered on Fox on October 12, 2010. The episode featured seven cover versions, including a mash-up of "Happy Days Are Here Again" and "Get Happy" by Barbra Streisand and Judy Garland, respectively.

neg: Glee (season 2) The second season of the musical comedy-drama television series "Glee" originally aired between September 21, 2010 and May 24, 2011 on Fox in the United States. The 22-episode season was produced by 20th Century Fox Television and Ryan Murphy Television, with executive producers Dante Di Loreto and series co-creators Ryan Murphy and Brad Falchuk, with the other series co-creator, Ian Brennan, as co-executive producer.

neg: Jenna Ushkowitz Jenna Noelle Ushkowitz ( ; born April 28, 1986) is a South Korean-born American actress, singer, and podcast host. She is known for her performances in Broadway musicals such as "The King and I" and "Waitress", and Tina Cohen-Chang on the Fox comedy-drama series "Glee".

neg: Josh Sussman Josh Sussman (born December 30, 1983) is an American actor, best known for his role as Hugh Normous in "Wizards of Waverly Place" and his role as Jacob Ben Israel in "Glee".

neg: Hynden Walch Heidi Hynden Walch (born February 1, 1971 in Davenport, Iowa) is an American actress and singer. She is most active as a voice-over actress.

neg: Holly Holliday Holly Holliday is a recurring fictional character from the Fox musical comedy-drama series "Glee". Portrayed by actress Gwyneth Paltrow, the character appeared in three episodes during the show's second season, and two episodes during the fifth season, and was Paltrow's first-ever role in a scripted television show. Holly was developed by "Glee" co-creator Ryan Murphy, a personal friend of Paltrow's, who suggested that she showcase her vocal and dancing abilities ahead of the release of her film "Country Strong", in which she played a country singer. Introduced as a substitute teacher who takes the place of glee club director Will Schuester (Matthew Morrison) while he is ill, she forms a romantic bond with Will, but decides to break up with him and takes a teaching job in another town after realizing that he is still in love with Emma Pillsbury (Jayma Mays).

neg: Dan Domenech Dan Domenech (Born May 1, 1980), is an American actor best known for his portrayal of Drew in the Broadway theatre musical "Rock of Ages (musical)" and a recurring guest appearance on "Glee (TV series)". Domenech has also appeared in the pre-Broadway runs of "Wonderland (musical)" and "Sister Act (musical)". National/International tours include "Rent (musical)" and "Rock of Ages (musical)". He also played Che in Evita

neg: Francesca James Francesca James (born January 23, 1949) is an American actress, writer, singer, composer, director and producer. She grew up in Michigan where she began her professional career in the theater at the age of sixteen.

neg: Dreams Come True (Glee) "Dreams Come True" is the series finale of the American musical television series "Glee". It is also the 13th and final episode of the show's sixth season and the 121st episode overall. Written by the show's co-creators Ryan Murphy, Brad Falchuk, and Ian Brennan and directed by Bradley Buecker, it aired on Fox in the United States on March 20, 2015, along with the previous episode, "2009", as a special two-hour finale.

neg: Damian McGinty Damian Joseph McGinty Jr. (born 9 September 1992) is an actor and singer from Derry, Northern Ireland. McGinty has been performing for over a decade, and was a member of the group Celtic Thunder for four years starting when he was fourteen. On 21 August 2011, McGinty won the Oxygen reality show "The Glee Project", earning him a seven-episode guest-starring role on the hit Fox television show "Glee" which was later extended to 18 episodes.

neg: Joely Fisher Joely Fisher (born October 29, 1967) is an American actress and singer. She is best known for her work on television as Paige Clark on "Ellen" as well as Joy Stark in the Fox sitcom "'Til Death". She is also known for singing on Broadway in the 1990s.

neg: The Role You Were Born to Play "The Role You Were Born to Play" is the fifth episode of the fourth season of the American musical television series "Glee", and the seventy-first episode overall. It was written by Michael Hitchcock and directed by Brad Falchuk, and aired on Fox in the United States on November 8, 2012. The episode features the return of Mercedes (Amber Riley) and Mike (Harry Shum, Jr.), and the introduction of "The Glee Project" second-season winner Blake Jenner as McKinley student Ryder Lynn. This is the first episode of the show where lead star Lea Michele did not appear as Rachel Berry since her introduction in the show's pilot episode.

neg: Sarah Stiles Sarah Stiles (born June 20, 1979) is an American singer and actress known for her work in Off-Broadway and Broadway theatre.

neg: Mike Chang Michael "Mike" Robert Chang, Jr. is a fictional character from the Fox musical comedy-drama series "Glee". The character is portrayed by actor and dancer Harry Shum, Jr., and has appeared on "Glee" since the fourth episode in the first season, "Preggers", first broadcast on September 23, 2009. "Glee" follows the trials of the New Directions glee club at the fictional William McKinley High School in the town of Lima, Ohio, of which Mike is a member. He is introduced as a football player who joins the club together with a few of his teammates, and quickly shows himself to be an excellent dancer.

neg: Derek Gleeson Derek Gleeson is an Irish/American musician. Born in Dublin, Ireland. He is currently the

neg: Blaine Hogan Blaine Hogan (born January 29, 1980) is an American actor.

neg: Andrew Rannells Andrew Scott Rannells (born August 23, 1978) is an American actor, voice actor, and singer.

neg: Shelby Young Shelby Young (born April 8, 1992) is an American actress known for her roles in films "The Social Network", "Nightlight", and "A Haunting in Cawdor".

neg: Matthew Morrison (album) Matthew Morrison is the self-titled debut album of "Glee" star Matthew Morrison released on May 10, 2011. The song "Still Got Tonight", co-written by Kris Allen, was first released as a promo single for digital stores as a countdown to the album release along with the tracks "Over the Rainbow" (with Gwyneth Paltrow) and "Mona Lisas and Mad Hatters / Rocket Man" (with Elton John), and a month later performed at a Broadway stage by Matthew himself on the season finale of "Glee" (co-starred by Matthew as Will Schuester), "New York" (season 2, episode 22). "Arms of a Woman" is a cover of the Amos Lee song.

neg: Dominic Barnes Dominic Barnes is an American actor. He appeared in the TV series "Glee". Dominic went to Santa Margarita Catholic High School. Dominic started off on Glee as an extra with his best friend, Lauren. Dominic in his spare time does covers with Lauren Chavez and their videos have tens of thousands of views on YouTube.


query: Which game is older Mastermind or Acquire?

pos: Acquire Acquire is a multi-player mergers and acquisitions themed board game. It is played with tiles representing hotels that are arranged on the board, play money and stock certificates. The object of the game is to earn the most money by developing and merging hotel chains. When a chain in which a player owns stock is acquired by a larger chain, players earn money based on the size of the acquired chain. At the end of the game, all players liquidate their stock in order to determine which player has the most money. It was one of the most popular games in the 1960s 3M bookshelf game series, and the only one still published in the United States.

pos: Mastermind (board game) Mastermind or Master Mind is a code-breaking game for two players. The modern game with pegs was invented in 1970 by Mordecai Meirowitz, an Israeli postmaster and telecommunications expert. It resembles an earlier pencil and paper game called Bulls and Cows that may date back a century or more.

neg: Clubhouse Games Clubhouse Games, known in parts of Europe as 42 All-Time Classics and in Japan as Daredemo Asobi Taizen (だれでもアソビ大全 ) , is a compilation video game consisting of card, board, and parlor games developed by Agenda and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo DS handheld video game console. It was first released in Japan on November 3, 2005, in Europe on September 29, 2006, in North America on October 9, 2006, and in Australia on October 26, 2006.

neg: Gamemaster (board game series) The Gamemaster Series of board games consists of five war simulation games released by the game company Milton Bradley beginning in 1984. The games were not developed "in-house" by Milton Bradley, with each game initially published in limited runs by smaller game publishers in the early 1980s before their rights were acquired by Milton Bradley. Despite this, some modern reissues of these games refer to the Milton Bradley versions as the "first edition" of each game.

neg: Blaster Master: Overdrive Blaster Master: Overdrive is a platforming and run and gun video game released by Sunsoft and Gaijinworks as a WiiWare title for the Wii game console. It is an update of the formula and soundtrack of the original "Blaster Master" game, also produced by Sunsoft, in 1988.

neg: A-Train A-Train (A列車で行こう , Ē Ressha de Ikō , lit. "Let's Take the A-Train") is a series of train simulation video games that were originally developed and published by Japanese game developer Artdink in Japan. The first game in the series was published in 1985. The first release in the United States was "Take the A-Train II", published in 1988 by the Seika Corporation under the title "Railroad Empire". However, the most well known U.S. release is "Take the A-Train III", published in 1992 by Maxis as simply "A-Train".

neg: Masters of the World Masters of the World, also known as Geo-Political Simulator 3, is the third installment of the "Geo-political simulator" series. This government simulation game, like its predecessors, puts the player in the role of any nation's head of state. French, German, Spanish, Italian, Japanese, and Russian versions of the game were also released.

neg: Argo Online Argo Online (stylized as ARGO Online) is a hybrid free-to-play massively multiplayer online role-playing game developed by Green Forrest. The game borrows stylistic elements from high fantasy and steampunk themes.

neg: Global Commander Global Commander (known as The Armageddon Man in Europe) is a computer game developed by Martech in 1987 for the Amiga, Amstrad CPC, Atari ST, Commodore 64, MS-DOS and ZX Spectrum.

neg: 868-HACK 868-HACK is a roguelike video game developed and published by Smestorp. It was released on August 30, 2013 for iOS and on January 27, 2015 for Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X via the Steam distribution platform. The "PLAN.B" expansion pack was released on July 11, 2017.

neg: Mind Sports Organisation The Mind Sports Organisation (MSO) is an association for promoting mental-skill games (Mind Sport) including Contract Bridge, Chess, Go, Mastermind, and Scrabble. Since 1997 it has annually organised in England a multi-sport competition, the Mind Sports Olympiad.

neg: Ninja Gaiden (Master System video game) Ninja Gaiden is a side-scrolling, hack & slash, platform-action video game developed by SIMS and released by Sega for the Master System in 1992, with license from Tecmo.

neg: Baseball Mogul Baseball Mogul is a series of career baseball management computer games created by game designer Clay Dreslough. The product was first published in 1997. The 20th and latest installment is Baseball Mogul 2017. A proprietary database, included with the game, permits play in any season of historical baseball from 1901 to the present. The early "Baseball Mogul" games are considered to be influential works in the baseball management simulation genre.

neg: Top Management II Top Management II (トップマネジメントⅡ ) is a multiplatform video game that emphasizes strategy and economic expansion.

neg: Domino Master Domino Master is a casual game based on dominos for Windows and Xbox 360 developed by TikGames and published by Microsoft Game Studios. "Domino Master" was originally released for Windows 98 in 2004 by TikGames and has been released on September 17, 2008 on Arcade.

neg: Duel Masters (video game) Duel Masters Nettou! Battle Arena is a strategy video game released on December 18, 2003 by Takara. The game was only released in Japan for GameCube. It was later released for PlayStation 2 in North America, the PAL region, and Japan. The game is based on the "Duel Masters" trading card game franchise. It was published and developed by the video game company Takara.

neg: Frozen Synapse Frozen Synapse is a turn-based tactics video game developed by independent game developer Mode 7 Games, in which players plan their moves at their leisure and turns are resolved simultaneously. Players attempt to win by giving orders to a small squad of armed combatants, most commonly with the goal of eliminating all enemy units.

neg: Masterbook Masterbook is a generic role-playing game that was created by West End Games. It is a follow-up to the multi-genre role-playing game "Torg" and the science fiction game "Shatterzone", which used a modified version of the "Torg" system. As of January 2011, it is published by Precis Intermedia Gaming.

neg: Master of Monsters Master of Monsters is a turn-based strategy game developed by SystemSoft for the MSX and NEC PC8801. It was later ported to a variety of consoles and PCs including the PC Engine, NEC PC9801, Sega Mega Drive (Genesis), Sega Saturn and PlayStation. While it never garnered the same success as its SystemSoft stablemate Daisenryaku, the game garnered a loyal following. Its success in the North American market on the Sega Genesis proved sufficient for a sequel on the Sega Saturn, and an anime art-style enhanced PlayStation version titled "Disciples of Gaia" with a Japanese role-playing game feel.

neg: Treasure Master Treasure Master is a video game released by ASC Games in 1991 for the Nintendo Entertainment System as part of a contest involving MTV.

neg: Spacemaster Space Master is a science fiction role-playing game produced by Iron Crown Enterprises, written by Kevin Barrett, developed by Kevin Barrett and Terry K. Amthor.

neg: SuperPower 2 SuperPower 2 is a real-time strategy wargame developed by Canadian based GolemLabs and published by DreamCatcher Games in 2004, following "SuperPower". It was released between October 11 and November 19, 2004 in North America and Europe, respectively. It was announced on 17 February 2014 that Superpower 2 would be released on Steam. On April 18, 2014, Nordic Games officially released SuperPower 2 on the Steam Store.


query: How many seasons did the man, who was head coach during the 2016 New York Jets season, play in the NFL?

pos: 2016 New York Jets season The 2016 New York Jets season was the franchise's 47th season in the National Football League, the 57th overall and the second under head coach Todd Bowles. The team failed to improve on their 10–6 record from 2015, and missed the playoffs for the sixth consecutive season, instead finishing 5–11 and dead last in their division.

pos: Todd Bowles Todd Robert Bowles (born November 18, 1963) is an American football head coach for the New York Jets of the National Football League (NFL). He played eight seasons in the NFL as a safety, mainly for the Washington Redskins, and started in Super Bowl XXII. Bowles was the interim defensive coordinator for the Philadelphia Eagles in 2012, and then for the Arizona Cardinals in 2013 and 2014. He was the interim head coach for the Miami Dolphins for the final three games of the 2011 season with a 2-1 record after the firing of Tony Sparano.

neg: 2012 New England Patriots season The New England Patriots season was the franchise's 43rd season in the National Football League and 53rd overall. The Patriots did not improve upon their 13–3 record, finishing at 12–4, but did win the AFC East for the fourth season in a row, and a first-round bye as one of the top two seeds in the AFC for the third consecutive year. This season marks head coach Bill Belichick's 13th season as Patriots head coach, and the 11th season in which the Patriots played all of their home games at Gillette Stadium.

neg: Dan Fike Dan Clement Fike, Jr. (born June 16, 1961) is an American former college and professional football player who was an offensive lineman in the National Football League (NFL) for eleven seasons during the 1980s and 1990s. He played college football for the University of Florida, and thereafter, he played professionally for the New York Jets, the Cleveland Browns and the Pittsburgh Steelers of the NFL.

neg: 2006 New York Jets season The New York Jets season was the franchise's 37th season in the National Football League and the 47th season overall.

neg: John Schmitt (American football) John Charles Schmitt (born November 12, 1942) is a former American football center in the National Football League who played ten seasons for the New York Jets, from whom he started in Super Bowl III. He ended his career in 1974 with the Green Bay Packers.

neg: Sheldon Canley Sheldon Lavell Canley (born April 19, 1968) is a former professional American football running back in the National Football League. He played professionally for the San Francisco 49ers and the New York Jets.

neg: Hue Jackson Huey Jackson (born October 22, 1965) is an American football coach and the current head coach of the Cleveland Browns of the National Football League (NFL).

neg: Mike Nolan Mike Nolan (born March 7, 1959) is an American football coach is currently the linebacker coach for the New Orleans Saints of the National Football League (NFL), a former head coach for the 49ers, and a former defensive coordinator for the NFL's Baltimore Ravens, New York Jets, Washington Redskins, New York Giants, Denver Broncos, Miami Dolphins, and Atlanta Falcons.

neg: Todd Haley Todd Haley (born February 28, 1967) is an American football coach who is the offensive coordinator for the Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League (NFL) Haley recently served as the head coach of the Kansas City Chiefs of the National Football League (NFL) from 2009 to 2011. Prior to joining the Chiefs, Haley served as the Arizona Cardinals' offensive coordinator from 2007 to 2008, and was the wide receivers coach for the New York Jets, Chicago Bears, and Dallas Cowboys.

neg: 2014 New England Patriots season The New England Patriots season was the franchise's 45th season in the National Football League, the 55th overall and the 15th under head coach Bill Belichick.

neg: Jim Harbaugh James Joseph Harbaugh ( ; born December 23, 1963) is the head football coach of the University of Michigan Wolverines and is a former quarterback. He played college football at Michigan for coach Bo Schembechler from 1983 to 1986 and played in the National Football League (NFL) for 14 seasons from 1987 to 2000. He then served as the head coach of the San Diego Toreros (2004–2006), the Stanford Cardinal (2007–2010), and the NFL's San Francisco 49ers (2011–2014). In 2015, Harbaugh returned to his alma mater, Michigan.

neg: Leon Johnson (American football) William Leon Johnson (born July 13, 1974) is a former professional American football running back. He played seven seasons for the New York Jets, the Chicago Bears, and the San Diego Chargers in the National Football League. Johnson played quarterback at Morganton's Freedom High School. While at Freedom High Johnson starred at track-winning the state championship in the long jump in his senior year-and played both basketball and baseball. He was moved to tailback at the University of North Carolina.

neg: 1977 New York Jets season The 1977 New York Jets season was the 18th season for the team and the 8th in the National Football League. It began with the team trying to improve upon its 3–11 record from 1976 under new head coach Walt Michaels and beginning the post-Joe Namath era. However, the Jets struggled with their third consecutive 3-11 season. They won a major off the field court decision. As per the memorandum of understanding signed in late 1961 by team original owner (as the New York Titans) Harry Wismer, Shea Stadium's co-tenants, the New York Mets, would have exclusive use of the stadium until they had completed their season. The Jets were, in most years, required to open the season with several road games, a problem made worse in 1969 and 1973 when the Mets had long playoff runs. Feeling that this arrangement was a disadvantage, the team announced in 1977 that they would play two home games a year during the month of September at the Giants' new home in New Jersey, Giants Stadium. Litigation began between New York City and the Jets over the issue, and in the lawsuit's settlement, the city agreed to allow the Jets to play two September home games a season at Shea beginning in 1978 for the remaining six years in the Jets' lease. In 1977, the Jets were to play one September game at Giants Stadium and an October 2 game at Shea. From 1967 through this season—a span of 11 seasons—the Jets did not play a home game at Shea Stadium in the month of September. As of 2017, the Jets are the first (and so far, only) team in NFL history to finish 3 straight seasons with only 3 wins. Since the NFL schedule expanded to 16 games in 1978, no team has finished 3-13 3 years in a row.

neg: 2013 New York Jets season The New York Jets season was the franchise's 44th season in the National Football League and the 54th overall. The Jets improved their 6–10 regular season record from 2012 and attempted to make history as the first host team to play the Super Bowl on their own home turf, alongside the New York Giants, whom they share the same home field: MetLife Stadium; however, they missed the playoffs for a third consecutive season.

neg: 2007 New York Jets season The 2007 New York Jets season was the 38th NFL season and 48th overall season for the football team. This season was the second under head coach Eric Mangini. The team attempted to improve upon their 10–6 record from 2006, but finished the season with a 4–12 record.

neg: 2012 New York Jets season The New York Jets season was the franchise's 43rd season in the National Football League, the 53rd overall and the fourth under head coach Rex Ryan. The Jets failed to improve their 8–8 record from 2011 and were eliminated from postseason contention.

neg: Adrian Murrell Adrian Byran Murrell (born October 16, 1970) is a former professional American football running back. He was drafted by the New York Jets in the fifth round of the 1993 NFL Draft after playing collegiately for the West Virginia Mountaineers. Murrell played in nine NFL seasons from 1993 to 2000 and 2003.

neg: Rick Terry Richard Ross Terry, Jr. (born April 5, 1974) is a retired American football defensive tackle in the NFL. He played from 1997 to 1999 for the New York Jets and the Carolina Panthers. He played college football at the University of North Carolina. He was drafted by the Jets in the 2nd round of the 1997 NFL Draft.

neg: 2016 Denver Broncos season The 2016 Denver Broncos season was the franchise's 47th season in the National Football League and the 57th overall. It was also the second season under head coach Gary Kubiak, as well as the final season of Kubiak's coaching career, as he retired at the end of the season due to health concerns.

neg: Joey Jackson Joe "Joey" Jackson (born May 7, 1950) is a former professional football player. He played for the New York Jets and Minnesota Vikings as a defensive end. He finished second in quarterback sacks as a rookie. He is currently an evangelist to athletes and conference speaker to Christian men's groups throughout the United States. He also played in the World Football League and Canadian Football League.

neg: Jethro Franklin Jethro Franklin (born October 25, 1965) is an American football coach and former player who is the defensive line coach for the Oakland Raiders of the National Football League (NFL).


query: Are the genus Aethionema and Holmskioldia native to the same areas of the world ?

pos: Aethionema Aethionema syn. "Eunomia" is a genus of flowering plants, within the family Brassicaceae, subfamily Brassicoideae. The genus is collectively known as the stonecresses. They originate from sunny limestone mountainsides in Europe and West Asia, especially Turkey.

pos: Holmskioldia Holmskioldia is a genus of flowering plants in the mint family, Lamiaceae. It is native to the Himalayas (India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar) but widely cultivated as an ornamental and naturalized in many places (Southeast Asia, New Caledonia, Hawaii, Mexico, West Indies, Venezuela, etc.) It contains only one known species, Holmskioldia sanguinea, commonly called the Chinese hat plant, cup-and-saucer-plant or mandarin's hat.

neg: Aethes seriatana Aethes seriatana, the seriated aethes moth, is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It was described by Zeller in 1875. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from the south-eastern United States from Texas to Florida, north at least to Maryland. It is also found on Cuba and Bermuda.

neg: Holma Holma is a genus of spiders in the Linyphiidae family. It was first described in 1974 by Locket. s of 2017 , it contains only one species, Holma bispicata, found in Angola.

neg: Aechmea linharesiorum Aechmea linharesiorum is a species in the genus "Aechmea". This species is endemic to the State of Bahia in eastern Brazil.

neg: Hillia (plant) Hillia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It has 24 species. All are indigenous to tropical America.

neg: Aechmea comata var. makoyana Aechmea comata" var. "makoyana is a species in the genus "Aechmea". This species is endemic to Brazil.

neg: Araeostoma Araeostoma aenicta is a moth in the Xyloryctidae family, and the only species in the genus Araeostoma. It was described by Turner in 1917 and is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland and New South Wales.

neg: Leiolopisma Leiolopisma is a genus of skinks. Most species occur in the region of New Caledonia-New Zealand, and they are related to other genera from that general area, such as "Emoia"; these and others form the "Eugongylus" group. One living and two extinct taxa represent a clade endemic to the Mascarenes.(Austin & Arnold 2006)

neg: Afrothismia Afrothismia is a genus of plant in family Burmanniaceae, first described as a genus in 1906. It is native to tropical Africa.

neg: Acianthera Acianthera is a genus of orchids native to the tropical parts of the Western Hemisphere, especially Brazil. It was first described in 1842 but was not widely recognized until recently. Most of the species formerly placed under "Pleurothallis" subgenus "Acianthera". This splitting is a result of recent DNA sequencing.

neg: Epicauta Epicauta is a genus of beetles in the blister beetle family, Meloidae. The genus was first scientifically described in 1834 by Pierre François Marie Auguste Dejean. "Epicauta" is distributed nearly worldwide, with species native to all continents except Australia. Surveys have found the genus to be particularly diverse in northern Arizona in the United States. Few species occur in the Arctic, with none farther north than the southern Northwest Territory of Canada.

neg: Aeollanthus Aeollanthus is a genus in the mint family, Lamiaceae. All the species are native to Africa.

neg: Afrothismia insignis Afrothismia insignis is a member of the genus "Afrothismia". It is endemic to Tanzania. The species is vulnerable due to habitat loss and potential future threats.

neg: Hakea varia Hakea varia, commonly known as the Variable-leaved Hakea, is a shrub of the genus "Hakea" native to an area Wheatbelt, South West, Great Southern and Goldfields-Esperance regions of Western Australia.

neg: Gustavia (plant) Gustavia is a genus of flowering plants of Lecythidaceae family described by Linnaeus in 1775. It is native to tropical Central America and South America. Many of the species are threatened; some are critically endangered "Gustavia superba", though, is actually abundant in re-growing secondary forests. It grows in northern South America, from Panama south through the Andes as far as Ecuador, and along the Caribbean coast and in the Amazon basin.

neg: Helmholtzia Helmholtzia is a small genus of flowering plants described in 1866. It includes species native to Australia (New South Wales and Queensland), Indonesia (Maluku Province), and New Guinea.

neg: Luma (plant) Luma is a genus of flowering plants in the myrtle family Myrtaceae, described as a genus in 1853. It is native to the Valdivian temperate rain forests of Chile and Argentina.

neg: Aechmea haltonii Aechmea haltonii is a bromeliad, a flowering plant in the genus "Aechmea" which is endemic to Panama.

neg: Osteomeles anthyllidifolia Osteomeles anthyllidifolia, commonly called ʻ Ūlei, eluehe, uʻ ulei, Hawaiian rose, or Hawaiian hawthorn, is a species of flowering shrub in the rose family, Rosaceae, that is indigenous to Hawaiʻ i (all islands but "Kahoʻ olawe" and "Niʻ ihau"), the Cook Islands, Tonga, Pitcairn Island, and Rapa Iti, Taiwan and the Ryukyu islands of Japan.

neg: Galium aetnicum Galium aetnicum (common name Mount Aetna bedstraw) is a plant species in the Rubiaceae. The species is named for Mount Etna, the large and active volcano on the island of Sicily in the Mediterranean. The species is native to the island, and also to the Lazio and Abruzzo regions of mainland Italy. There are reports of the plant growing in Sardinia as well, but these are unconfirmed.

neg: Aegiphila lhotskiana Aegiphila lhotskiana (orth. var. "Aegiphila lhotskyana" Cham.) is a species of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in Bolivia and Brazil. This species is cited in "Flora Brasiliensis" by Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius.


query: What type of language morphology was the language of the Chatot tribe?

pos: Chatot The Chatot (also Chacato or Chactoo) were a Native American tribe who lived in the upper Apalachicola River and Chipola River basins in what is now Florida. They spoke a Muskogean language, which may have been the same as that of the Pensacola people.

pos: Muskogean languages Muskogean (also Muskhogean, Muskogee) is an indigenous language family of the Southeastern United States. Though there is an ongoing debate concerning their interrelationships, the Muskogean languages are generally divided into two branches, Eastern Muskogean and Western Muskogean. They are agglutinative languages.

neg: Osage language Osage , (Osage: 𐓏𐓘𐓻𐓘𐓻𐓟 𐒻𐓟, "Wazhazhe ie") is a Siouan languageken by the Osage people of Oklahoma The last native speaker, Lucille Roubedeaux, died in 2005.

neg: Mi'kmaq language The Mi'kmaq language (spelled and pronounced Micmac historically and now often Migmaw or Mikmaw in English, and Míkmaq, Míkmaw or Mìgmao in Mi'kmaq) is an Eastern Algonquian language spoken by nearly 11,000 Mi'kmaq in Canada and the United States out of a total ethnic Mi'kmaq population of roughly 20,000. The word "Mi'kmaq" is a plural word meaning 'my friends' (singular "Míkm"); the adjectival form is "Míkmaw". The language's native name is "Lnuismk", "Míkmawísimk" or "Míkmwei" (in some dialects).

neg: Proto-Austronesian language The Proto-Austronesian language (PAN) is the reconstructed ancestor of the Austronesian languages, one of the world's major language families. However, Ross (2009) notes that what may be the most divergent languages, Tsou, Rukai, and Puyuma, are not addressed by the reconstructions, which therefore cannot claim to be the protolanguage of the entire family. He calls the unit which has been reconstructed Nuclear Austronesian. Lower-level reconstructions have also been made, and include Proto-Malayo-Polynesian, Proto-Oceanic, and Proto-Polynesian. Recently, linguists such as Malcolm Ross and Andrew Pawley have built large lexicons for Proto-Oceanic and Proto-Polynesian.

neg: Washo language Washo (or Washoe; endonym "wá:šiw ʔítlu") is an endangered Native American language isolate spoken by the Washo on the California–Nevada border in the drainages of the Truckee and Carson Rivers, especially around Lake Tahoe. While there are only 20 elderly native speakers of Washo, since 1994 there has been a small immersion school that has produced a number of moderately fluent younger speakers. The immersion school has since closed its doors and the language program now operates through the Cultural Resource Department for the Washoe Tribe. The language is still very much endangered; however, there has been a renaissance in the language revitalization movement as many of the students who attended the original immersion school have become teachers.

neg: Omaha–Ponca language Omaha–Ponca is a Siouan language spoken by the Omaha ("Umoⁿhoⁿ") people of Nebraska and the Ponca ("Paⁿka") people of Oklahoma and Nebraska. The two dialects differ minimally but are considered distinct languages by their speakers.

neg: Eastern Algonquian languages The Eastern Algonquian languages constitute a subgroup of the Algonquian languages. Prior to European contact, Eastern Algonquian consisted of at least 17 languages, collectively occupying the Atlantic coast of North America and adjacent inland areas from what are now the Maritimes of Canada to North Carolina. The available information about individual languages varies widely. Some are known only from one or two documents containing words and phrases collected by missionaries, explorers or settlers, and some documents contain fragmentary evidence about more than one language or dialect. Nearly all of the Eastern Algonquian languages are extinct. Mi'kmaq and Malecite-Passamaquoddy have appreciable numbers of speakers, but Western Abnaki and Delaware are each reported to have fewer than 10 speakers after 2000.

neg: Proto-Philippine language The Proto-Philippine language is a proto-language, hypothesized to have been the common linguistic ancestor of the Philippine languages, which includes Old Tagalog (and later Modern Tagalog), the Visayan languages, and some of the languages in Mindanao.

neg: Koasati language Koasati (also Coushatta) is a Native American language of Muskogean origin. The language is spoken by the Coushatta people, most of whom live in Allen Parish north of the town of Elton, Louisiana, though a smaller number share a reservation near Livingston, Texas, with the Alabama people. In 1991, linguist Geoffrey Kimball estimated the number of speakers of the language at around 400 people, of whom approximately 350 live in Louisiana. The exact number of current speakers is unclear, but Coushatta Tribe officials claim that most tribe members over 20 speak Koasati. In 2007, the Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana, in collaboration with McNeese State University and the College of William and Mary, began the Koasati (Coushatta) Language Project as a part of broader language revitalization efforts with National Science Foundation grant money under the Documenting Endangered Languages program.

neg: Kiowa language Kiowa or Cáuijògà / Cáuijò:gyà (″language of the Cáuigù (Kiowa)″) is a Tanoan language spoken by the Kiowa Tribe of Oklahoma in primarily Caddo, Kiowa, and Comanche counties. The Kiowa tribal center is located in Carnegie. Like most North American languages, Kiowa is an endangered language.

neg: Chippewa language Chippewa (also known as Southwestern Ojibwa, Ojibwe, Ojibway, or "Ojibwemowin") is an Algonquian language spoken from upper Michigan westward to North Dakota in the United States. It represents the southern component of the Ojibwe language. Its ISO-3 designation is "ciw".

neg: Loup language Loup A, which may be the language of the Nipmuck, is principally attested from a word list recorded from refugees by the St. Francis mission to the Abenaki in Quebec. The descendants of these refugees became speakers of Western Abenaki in the eighteenth century. Loup B refers to a second word list, which shows extensive dialectal variation. This may not be a distinct language, but just notes on the speech of various New England Algonquian refugees in French missions.

neg: Tutelo The Tutelo (also Totero, Totteroy, Tutera; Yesan in Tutelo) were Native American people living above the Fall Line in present-day Virginia and West Virginia. They spoke a Siouan dialect of the Tutelo language thought to be similar to that of their neighbors, the Monacan and Manahoac nations. Under pressure from English settlers and Seneca Iroquois, they joined with other Virginia Siouan tribes in the late 17th century and became collectively known as the Tutelo-Saponi. By 1740, they had largely left Virginia and migrated north to seek protection from their former Iroquois opponents. They were adopted by the Cayuga tribe of New York in 1753.

neg: Woccon language Woccon was one of two Catawban also known as Eastern Siouan languages of the Eastern United States. Together with the Western Siouan languages, they formed the Siouan language family. It is attested only in a vocabulary of 143 words, printed in 1709.

neg: Proto-language (disambiguation) A proto-language is a hypothetical or reconstructed language from which a number of known languages are believed to have descended in historical linguistics.

neg: Clayoquot Clayoquot is an anglicization of the Nuu-chah-nulth language name "Tla-o-qui-aht", one of the indigenous tribes of the region so named. It may refer to:

neg: Whorf's law Whorf's law is a sound law in Uto-Aztecan linguistics proposed by the linguist Benjamin Lee Whorf. It explains the origin in the Nahuan languages of the phoneme /tɬ/ which is not found in any of the other languages of the Uto-Aztecan family. The existence of /tɬ/ in Nahuatl had puzzled previous linguists and caused Edward Sapir to reconstruct a /tɬ/ phoneme for Proto-Uto-Aztecan based only on evidence from Aztecan. In a 1937 paper published in the journal American Anthropologist, Whorf argued that phoneme was a result of some of the Nahuan or Aztecan languages having undergone a sound change changing the original */t/ to [tɬ] in the position before */a/. The sound law has come to be known as "Whorf's law" and is still considered valid although a more detailed understanding of the precise conditions under which it took place has been developed.

neg: Cotoname language Cotoname is an extinct language isolate spoken by Native Americans indigenous to the lower Rio Grande Valley of northeastern Mexico and extreme southern Texas (United States).

neg: Hobyót language Hobyot (also known as Hewbyót, Habyot, or Hobi) is the least studied language of the six Modern South Arabian languages (MSAL) spoken in the South Arabian Peninsula, a group of languages that are more closely related to Ethiopic languages than they are to Arabic. An endangered Semitic language on the verge of extinction, it is spoken in a small area between Yemen and neighboring Oman. The speaking population is estimated to be about 1000 in Oman and 40 in Yemen, though the true number may be less.

neg: Proto-Algonquian language Proto-Algonquian (commonly abbreviated PA) is the proto-language from which the various Algonquian languages are descended. It is generally estimated to have been spoken around 2,500 to 3,000 years ago, but on the question of where it was spoken, there is less agreement. The Algonquian family, which is a branch of the larger Algic language family, is usually divided into three subgroups: Eastern Algonquian, which is a genetic subgroup, and Central Algonquian and Plains Algonquian, both of which are areal groupings. In the historical linguistics of North America, Proto-Algonquian is one of the best studied, most thoroughly reconstructed proto-languages. It is descended from Proto-Algic.

neg: Arapaho The Arapaho ( ; in French: "Arapahos, Gens de Vache") are a tribe of Native Americans historically living on the plains of Colorado and Wyoming. They were close allies of the Cheyenne tribe and loosely aligned with the Lakota and Dakota. The Arapaho language, "Heenetiit", is an Algonquian language closely related to Gros Ventre (Ahe/A'ananin), whose people are considered to have separated from the Arapaho at an early time. The Blackfeet and Cheyenne also speak Algonquian languages, but theirs are quite different from Arapaho.