query: Which other name is the crime The Black Mafia is accused of that involves a form of illegal gambling?

pos: Black Mafia The Black Mafia, also known as the Muslim Mafia, Muslim Mob, Philadelphia Black Mafia, or PBM is a Philadelphia-based African-American organized crime syndicate. The organization began as a small criminal collective, known for holding up neighborhood craps games and dealing in the illegal drug business, but at its height of operation until about 1975, it managed to consolidate power and control a large portion of criminal activity in various African-American neighborhoods throughout Philadelphia, the Delaware Valley, and South Jersey, including Atlantic City. In addition to drug trafficking, burglary, and armed robbery, the Black Mafia was also engaged in traditional organized crime activities such as extortion, racketeering, prostitution, loansharking, number running and other illegal gambling rackets.

pos: Numbers game The numbers game, also known as the numbers racket, the policy racket, the Italian lottery, the policy game, or the daily number is a form of illegal gambling or illegal lottery played mostly in poor and working class neighborhoods in the United States, wherein a bettor attempts to pick three digits to match those that will be randomly drawn the following day. In recent years, the "number" would be the last three digits of "the handle", the amount race track bettors placed on race day at a major racetrack, published in racing journals and major newspapers in New York. A gambler places a bet with a bookie at a tavern, bar, barber shop, social club, or any other semi-private place that acts as an illegal betting parlor.

neg: Property crime Property crime is a category of crime that includes, among other crimes, burglary, larceny, theft, motor vehicle theft, arson, shoplifting, and vandalism. Property crime is a crime to obtain money, property, or some other benefit. This may involve force, or the threat of force, in cases like robbery or extortion. Since these crimes are committed in order to enrich the perpetrator they are considered property crimes. Crimes against property are divided into two groups: destroyed property and stolen property. When property is destroyed, it could be called arson or vandalism. Examples of the act of stealing property is robbery or embezzlement.

neg: Power blackjack Power Blackjack is a variant of the card gambling game Blackjack, modified by certain doubling and splitting rules, called "Power Double" and "Power Split," that are advantageous to the player, offset by the rule that, when the dealer makes a total of twenty two, any active player hands push rather than winning.

neg: Michael McLaney Michael Julius "Mickey" McLaney (1 February 1915 - 9 September 1994) was a mafia-linked US golf and tennis player who made a fortune in the casino business.

neg: East Harlem Purple Gang The East Harlem Purple Gang was a semi-independent gang of Italian American hit-men and heroin dealers who, according to federal prosecutors, dominated heroin distribution in East Harlem and the Bronx during the late 1970s and early 1980s in New York City. Though mostly independent of the Italian-American Mafia and not an official Italian-American Mafia crew, the gang was originally affiliated with and worked with the Lucchese crime family and later with the Bonanno crime family and Genovese crime family. It developed its "closest ties" with the Genovese family, and its remnants or former members are now part of the Genovese family's 116th Street Crew.

neg: Bribery Bribery is the act of giving money, goods or other forms of recompense to a recipient in exchange for an alteration of their behavior (to the benefit/interest of the giver) that the recipient would otherwise not alter. Bribery is defined by "Black's Law Dictionary" as the offering, giving, receiving, or soliciting of any item of value to influence the actions of an official or other person in charge of a public or legal duty.

neg: Black Hand (extortion) Black Hand (Italian: "Mano Nera" ) was a type of Italian and Italian-American extortion racket. It was a method of extortion, not a criminal organization as such, though gangsters of Camorra and the Mafia practiced it.

neg: Crime in Afghanistan Crime in Afghanistan is present in various forms, and includes the following: corruption, contract killings or assassinations, kidnapping, drug trafficking, money laundering, black marketeering, and other ordinary crimes.

neg: Havana Conference The Havana Conference of 1946 was a historic meeting of United States Mafia and Cosa Nostra leaders in Havana, Cuba. Supposedly arranged by Charles "Lucky" Luciano, the conference was held to discuss important mob policies, rules, and business interests. The Havana Conference was attended by delegations representing crime families throughout the United States. The conference was held during the week of December 22, 1946 at the Hotel Nacional. The Havana Conference is considered to have been the most important mob summit since the Atlantic City Conference of 1929. Decisions made in Havana resonated throughout the US crime families for the ensuing decades.

neg: Cowboy Mafia The Cowboy Mafia was the nickname for a group of marijuana smugglers who operated in the United States during the 1970s. At the time they were reportedly the largest drug smugglers in Texas. The nickname was given to the group by the Dallas media, as the capture and trial of the group created significant media coverage throughout Texas.

neg: Gambling in Taiwan Gambling in Taiwan is prohibited by the Criminal Code of the Republic of China. State-run lotteries, like the Uniform Invoice lottery, are the only legal form of gambling on mainland Taiwan. The construction of casinos on some off-shore islands was legalised in 2009, though to date none have been built. Some gambling-style games (like cards and mahjong) are allowed on special days or under special restricted circumstances.

neg: Addiopizzo Addiopizzo (English: "Goodbye Pizzo" ) is a grassroots movement established in Sicily to build a community of businesses and consumers who refuse to pay "pizzo" – Mafia extortion money. It is a grassroots social-conscience motivated consumer movement analogous to Fair Trade. The group, led by a generation whose adolescence was characterized by the murders of anti-Mafia judges, journalists and businessmen, operates in the Palermo and Catania metropolitan area, traditionally a Mafia stronghold.

neg: Theft In common usage, theft is the illegal taking of another person's property or services without that person's permission or consent with the intent to deprive the rightful owner of it. The word is also used as an informal shorthand term for some crimes against property, such as burglary, embezzlement, larceny, looting, robbery, shoplifting, library theft, and fraud ("i.e.", obtaining money under false pretenses). In some jurisdictions, theft is considered to be synonymous with larceny; in others, theft has replaced larceny. Someone who carries out an act of or makes a career of theft is known as a thief. The act of theft is also known by other terms such as stealing, thieving, and filching.

neg: Trente et Quarante Trente et Quarante (Thirty and Forty), also called Rouge et Noir (Red and Black), is a 17th-century gambling card game of French origin played with cards and a special table. It is rarely found in US casinos, but still very popular in Continental European casinos, especially in France, Italy, and Monaco. It is a simple game that usually gives the players a very good expected return of more than 98%.

neg: Philadelphia Greek Mob Philadelphia's Greek Mob, or the Greek Mafia, are a low-profile criminal organization of ethnic Greek Americans in Philadelphia with alleged connections to the Italian Philadelphia crime family. They were formed in southern Greece by the original boss Steve Kondonyanis. Kondonyanis also had strong ties with the Efthimiades family of Macedonia in Northern Greece. When the Efthimiades family was run out of power in the 1960s, Kondonyanis decided to move his operations to the culturally diverse America. When Kondonyanis was sentenced to jail to serve life for murder, mobster Chelsais Bouras took over.

neg: Hustling Hustling is the deceptive act of disguising one's skill in a sport or game with the intent of luring someone of probably lesser skill into gambling (or gambling for higher than current stakes) with the hustler, as a form of both a confidence trick and match fixing. It is most commonly associated with, and originated in, pool (and to an extent other billiards-family games), but also can be performed with regard to other sports and gambling activities. Hustlers may also engage in "<dfn id="">sharking</dfn> "—distracting, disheartening, enraging, or even threatening their opponents—to throw them off. Hustlers are thus often called "pool sharks" "(compare "card shark")". Professional and semi-pro hustlers sometimes work with a "<dfn id="">stakehorse</dfn> "—a person who provides the money for the hustler to bet with (and who may assist in the hustling)—in exchange for a substantial portion of all winnings. Another form of hustling (often engaged in by the same hustlers who use the skill-disguising technique) is challenging <dfn id=">"marks"</dfn> (swindle targets) to bet on trick shots that seem nearly impossible but at which the hustler is exceptionally skilled.

neg: Skimming (fraud) A form of white-collar crime, skimming is slang for taking cash "off the top" of the daily receipts of a business (or from any cash transaction involving a third interested party) and officially reporting a lower total. The formal legal term is defalcation.

neg: James Napoli James "Jimmy Nap" Napoli (November 4, 1911 – December 29, 1992) was a New York mobster who was a Caporegime in the Genovese crime family. From the 1950s to the 1980s, he controlled one of the largest illegal gambling operations in the United States.

neg: Sicilian Mafia The Sicilian Mafia, also known as simply the Mafia or Cosa Nostra ("Our Thing"), is a criminal syndicate in Sicily, Italy. It is a loose association of criminal groups that share a common organisational structure and code of conduct. The basic group is known as a "family", "clan", or ""cosca"". Each family claims sovereignty over a territory, usually a town or village or a neighbourhood ("borgata") of a larger city, in which it operates its rackets. Its members call themselves "men of honour", although the public often refers to them as "mafiosi". The mafia's core activities are protection racketeering, the arbitration of disputes between criminals, and the organizing and oversight of illegal agreements and transactions.

neg: Organized crime in Bosnia and Herzegovina The Bosnian Mafia (or Bosnian organized crime) is the body of illegal gangs and criminal organisations operating in Bosnia and Herzegovina and within the Bosnian diaspora. Bosnian organised crime figures operate mostly in Europe. Bosnian organised-crime groups are involved in a wide range of activities and extortion is (often under the cover of ostensible security and insurance companies) . Smuggling revenues are between €600 million and €900 million.

neg: Rocco Racco Rocco Racco (died October 26, 1909) was a Calabrian born mafioso, who immigrated to the United States and settled in the Pennsylvania area in the 1890s. Racco was known as an early American Black Hand leader, extorting fellow Italian immigrants through the use of anonymous letters, which were covered in cryptic images such as black hand prints, skulls and daggers, and threatened the recipient, and in most cases his family with death if the extortion payment demanded was denied. Racco and an associate were responsible for the 1906 murder of a Pennsylvania Game Warden.


query: Which takes place farther east, The Mosuo Sisters or The Silent Historian?

pos: The Mosuo Sisters The Mosuo Sisters is a 2012 documentary film written and directed by Marlo Poras. It chronicles the lives of two sisters, Jua Ma and La Tsuo, who are members of one of the last matriarchal societies, the Mosuo tribe. Being an ethnic minority in China, the film explores their journey from working at a bar in Beijing to moving back home to their village in the Himalayas, dealing with the modern world impinging upon the traditional Mosuo culture and way of life.

pos: The Silent Historian The Silent Historian (original title: "Het zwijgen van Loe de Jong [The Silence of Loe de Jong]") is a 2011 Dutch documentary film by Simonka de Jong, shown as part of the January 2012 New York Jewish Film Festival, presented in partnership with Jewish Museum and Film Society of Lincoln Center.

neg: Tsugi Takano Tsugi Takano (鷹野 つぎ , Takano Tsugi , August 15, 1890 – March 19, 1943) was a female novelist from Hamamatsu in Shizuoka prefecture, Japan. She was born in 1890 as the second daughter of a local merchant. In 1904, she entered Hamamatsu Women's High School and in 1907 she entered Shizuoko Women's High School. However, she was forced to withdraw because of an eye disease. In 1909, at the age of 19, she married newspaper reporter Yasaburō Takano despite the objections of those around her. She moved with her husband to Toyohashi, Fukushima, and Tokyo. In the midst of her husband's long unemployment, six of eight of her children succomed to ill health. She herself fought a long battle with tuberculosis to which she succumbed to in 1943 at the age of 52.

neg: East Asian studies East Asian studies is a distinct multidisciplinary field of scholarly enquiry and education that promotes a broad humanistic understanding of East Asia past and present. The field includes the study of the region's culture, written language, history, and political institutions. East Asian Studies is located within the broader field of Area studies and is also interdisciplinary in character, incorporating elements of the social sciences (anthropology, economics, sociology, politics etc.) and humanities (literature, history, art, film, music, etc.), among others. The field encourages scholars from diverse disciplines to exchanges ideas on scholarship as it relates to the East Asian experience and the experience of East Asia in the world. In addition, the field encourages scholars to educate others to have a deeper understanding of, and appreciation and respect for, all that is East Asia and, therefore, to promote peaceful human integration worldwide.

neg: Dorothy Y. Ko Dorothy Ko (Chinese 高彦頤) is a Professor of History and Women's Studies at the Barnard College of Columbia University. She is a historian of early modern China, known for her multi-disciplinary and multi-dimensional research. As a historian of early modern China, she has endeavored to engage with the field of modern China studies; as a China scholar, she has always positioned herself within the study of women and gender and applied feminist approaches in her work; as a historian, she has ventured across disciplinary boundaries, into fields that include literature, visual and material culture, science and technology, as well as studies of fashion, the body and sexuality.

neg: Sook-ja Kim Sook-ja "Sue" Kim (born 1941) is a Korean-born U.S. singer. She started singing with her sisters in a group called The Kim Sisters at the age of 10 and played 13 different instruments. In 1950, the Korean War broke out and Sue Kim's father, Kim Hae-song, who was a famous Korean symphony orchestra conductor was captured by the North Korean army and later assassinated. Her mother, Lee Nan-young, was left with no home, no food and no money for her and her seven children. Lee was a famous Korean singer who rose to stardom with the song "Mokpo Tears." In 1953, Lee asked the children to perform with her in South Korea's military clubs to support their family. The GIs donated rock and roll records for the sisters to memorize and sing, and in turn the sisters received chocolate bars and alcohol, which they exchanged for food. The GIs that returned to the States spread the word about the talented trio and in 1958, Tom Ball (who later became The Kim Sisters’ manager) heard about the sisters from one of the returning GIs and went to Korea to recruit them for an Asian act that he was producing.

neg: Musashino-sen no Shimai Musashino-sen no Shimai (Japanese: 武蔵野線の姉妹 , Hepburn: Sisters of Musashino Line ) is a Japanese web manga series illustrated and written by Yukiwo that has been digitally serialized in three different magazines, since June 2008, and the manga is still ongoing. Ranko and Hikaru, the main characters and sisters in "Musashino-sen no Shimai", are voiced in the "+Voice" versions of the manga. The story focuses on the everyday life of the two unemployed sisters living in Tokyo who love Lolita fashion. A live-action film based on the series has been released.

neg: The Historian The Historian is the 2005 debut novel of American author Elizabeth Kostova. The plot blends the history and folklore of Vlad Țepeș and his fictional equivalent Count Dracula. Kostova's father told her stories about Dracula when she was a child, and later in life she was inspired to turn the experience into a novel. She worked on the book for ten years and then sold it within a few months to Little, Brown and Company, which bought it for US$2 million .

neg: Chizuko's Younger Sister Chizuko's Younger Sister (ふたり , Futari ) is a 1991 Japanese film directed by Nobuhiko Obayashi. It was filmed in Mukaishima Island, Hiroshima.

neg: Masako Ogawa Masako Ogawa (小川 正子 , Ogawa Masako , March 26, 1902 – April 29, 1943) was a Japanese doctor who worked at the Nagashima Aiseien Sanatorium. She wrote a book, ""Spring in a small island"" in 1938, about her experiences in persuading leprosy patients in remote areas of Japan into hospitalization. It created a sensation in Japan, and was made into a film. She was criticized for accelerating the "No leprosy patients in prefecture" movement and giving an impression that leprosy is to be feared.

neg: Histoire des Miao Histoire des Miao ("History of the Miao") is a 1924 ethnographic book of the Hmong people by François Marie Savina, published by the Société des Missions-Etrangères de Paris. As of 2006, of Savina's writings, it is the most well-known and the most often cited. The book includes Savina's theories and views of the Hmong. Savina argued that the Hmong had non-Asian origins because their legends had similarities to European stories.

neg: Enoshima Engi The Enoshima Engi (江嶋縁起) is a history of the temples and shrines on Enoshima Island in Sagami Bay. It was written in Chinese, the scholarly language of the time, by the Japanese Buddhist monk Kōkei in 1047 AD.

neg: The Rogers Sisters The Rogers Sisters were an American indie rock band from Brooklyn, active from 1999 to 2007, composed of sisters Laura Rogers and Jennifer Rogers and multi-instrumentalist/vocalist Miyuki Furtado.

neg: Kusuko Incident The Kusuko Incident (薬子の変 , Kusuko no Hen ) , also known as the Retired Emperor Heizei Incident (平城太上天皇の変 , Heizei-Daijō-tennō no Hen ) , occurred in the early Heian period. In 810, Emperor Saga and ex-Emperor Heizei stood in opposition, but Saga's side quickly raised enough troops to resolve the confrontation, making Heizei become a monk. Heizei's lover the Naishi-no-kami (内侍 ) Fujiwara no Kusuko and her older brother the "sangi" Fujiwara no Nakanari were punished for the incident.

neg: Thao Suranari Thao Suranari (Thai: ท้าวสุรนารี ) is the royally bestowed title of Lady Mo, (also known as Ya Mo (ย่าโม, "Grandma Mo" ) (1771–1852), who was the wife of the deputy governor of Nakhon Ratchasima (Korat), the stronghold of Siamese control over its Laotian vassals. In 1826 Vientiane King Anouvong invaded Siam seeking complete independence. Anuvong's forces seized the city of Nakhon Ratchasima by a ruse when the governor was away. The invaders evacuated the inhabitants, intending to resettle them in Laos. Lady Mo is credited with saving her people by harassing the enemy. Varying stories describe her either getting the invading soldiers drunk, or leading a rebellion of the prisoners on the way back to Vientiane. The generally accepted version is that, when the Lao invaders ordered the women to cook for them, Lady Mo requested knives so that food might be prepared. That night, when the invaders were asleep, she gave the knives to the imprisoned men. They surprised the Lao troops, who fled, and the prisoners escaped. Thai King Rama III soon sent an army in pursuit, led by General Sing Singhaseni (สิงห์ สิงหเสนี). He defeated Anuvoung's forces in three days of fighting and completely destroyed Anuvoung's capital city of Vientiane.

neg: The Silence (1963 film) The Silence (Swedish: Tystnaden ) is a 1963 Swedish film written and directed by Ingmar Bergman and starring Ingrid Thulin and Gunnel Lindblom. The plot focuses on two sisters, the younger a sensuous woman with a young son, the elder more intellectually oriented and seriously ill, and their tense relationship as they travel toward home through a fictional Central European country on the brink of war.

neg: Marin Sais Marin Sais (August 2, 1890 – December 31, 1971) was an American motion picture actress whose career was most prolific during the silent film era of the 1910s and 1920s. Sais' acting career spanned over four decades and she is possibly best recalled for appearing in Western themed films.

neg: Marianna O'Gallagher Marianna O'Gallagher, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (March 24, 1929 – May 24, 2010) was an Irish Quebecer historian from Quebec City. A former member of the Sisters of Charity of Halifax, she wrote extensively on the history of the Irish in Quebec City, was involved in the creation of Grosse Isle National Historic Site and the revival of the Quebec City Saint Patrick's Day celebrations.

neg: Three Sisters of the Moors Three Sisters of the Moors is a 1944 American short historical film directed by John Larkin and starring Cedric Hardwicke, Molly Lamont and Lynne Roberts. It portrays the life of the Bronte sisters. The film was released by 20th Century Fox as part of the promotional campaign by the studio for the large-budget "Jane Eyre" costume drama.

neg: Angie Debo Angie Elbertha Debo (January 30, 1890 – February 21, 1988), was an American historian who wrote 13 books and hundreds of articles about Native American and Oklahoma history. After a long career marked by difficulties (ascribed both to her gender and to the controversial content of some of her books), she was acclaimed as Oklahoma's "greatest historian" and acknowledged as "an authority on Native American history, a visionary, and an historical heroine in her own right."

neg: Sadie and Bessie Delany Sadie and Bessie Delany were two American sisters and human rights pioneers who wrote a successful book of memoirs.

neg: The Silent Village The Silent Village is a 1943 British propaganda short film in the form of a drama documentary, made by the Crown Film Unit and directed by Humphrey Jennings. The film was named one of the top 5 documentaries of 1943 by the National Board of Review. It was inspired by the Lidice massacre in Czech Republic in June 1942.


query: Which child of a woman whose television career includes a presenting role on ITV1's "Loose Women" came sixth in the nineteenth series of Channel 5 reality show "Celebrity Big Brother".

pos: Sheryl Gascoigne Sheryl Gascoigne (née Failes; born 24 September 1965) is a British television personality and author. She is the former wife of footballer Paul Gascoigne and the mother of glamour model Bianca Gascoigne. Her television career includes a presenting role on ITV1's "Loose Women", and she appeared as a contestant on the tenth series of the UK version of "I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!"

pos: Bianca Gascoigne Bianca Gascoigne (born 28 October 1986) is a British glamour model and television personality. She is the daughter of Sheryl Gascoigne, and adopted daughter of Paul Gascoigne, a former footballer. She has a brother Mason and a half-brother Regan Gascoigne. She came sixth in the nineteenth series of Channel 5 reality show "Celebrity Big Brother".

neg: Big Brother 18 (UK) Big Brother 2017, also known as Big Brother 18 and The United Kingdom of Big Brother, was the eighteenth series of the British reality television series "Big Brother", hosted by Emma Willis and narrated by Marcus Bentley. The series launched on 5 June 2017 on Channel 5, and ended after 54 days on 28 July 2017. Rylan Clark-Neal continues to present the spin-off show "Big Brother's Bit on the Side". The series, along with its spin-off, continues to air on 3e in Ireland, as part of a three-year deal between the Irish broadcaster and Endemol Shine Group. It is the seventh regular series and the nineteenth series of "Big Brother" in total to air on Channel 5 to date.

neg: Kate Bottley Kate Bottley (born 19 February 1975) is an English journalist, media presenter, reality television star and Church of England priest in North Nottinghamshire. She appears frequently on British radio and television as well as in newspapers.

neg: Claire Sweeney Claire Jane Sweeney (born 17 April 1971) is an English actress, singer and television personality, best known for playing the role of Lindsey Corkhill in the Channel 4 soap opera "Brookside" and her appearance on the first series of the reality TV show "Celebrity Big Brother".

neg: Fearne Cotton Fearne Wood (born 3 September 1981), known professionally by her maiden name Cotton, is an English television and radio presenter, best known for presenting a number of popular television programmes such as "Top of the Pops" and the "Red Nose Day" telethons.

neg: Jayne Middlemiss Jayne Middlemiss (born 3 February 1971) is an English television and radio presenter. She began presenting music television shows such as "The O-Zone" and "Top of the Pops" in the mid-1990s, before presenting a variety of other television and radio shows, including on BBC Radio 6 Music. She has won both "Celebrity MasterChef" and former reality show "Celebrity Love Island".

neg: Victoria Derbyshire Victoria Antoinette Derbyshire (born 2 October 1968) is a BAFTA award-winning English journalist and broadcaster. Her current affairs and debate programme has been broadcast on BBC Two and the BBC News Channel since 2015. She has presented "Newsnight" in the past. She formerly presented the morning news/current affairs and interview programme on BBC Radio 5 Live between 10 am and 12 noon each weekday and was a 5 Live presenter for 16 years, departing in late 2014. She left at the same time as fellow 5 Live broadcasters Richard Bacon and Shelagh Fogarty. As of 2017, she earns £200,000 - £249,999 as a BBC presenter

neg: Kate McIntyre Kate McIntyre (born 1973) is a British television presenter.

neg: Louise Thompson (television personality) Louise Thompson is a British reality television personality from London, known primarily for appearing in the E4 reality series "Made in Chelsea". In 2015, she appeared in the second series of "The Jump" where she finished fourth.

neg: Michelle Collins Michelle Danielle Collins (born 28 May 1962) is an English actress and TV presenter, best known for her roles in the British soap operas "EastEnders" and "Coronation Street".

neg: Laura Torrisi Laura Torrisi (born 7 December 1979) is an Italian actress. Born in Sicily she has participated in the Italian version of the reality show Big Brother and she was a finalist in the Miss Italia 1998 beauty pageant.

neg: List of Big Brother 5 housemates (UK) The fifth edition of the British reality series "Big Brother" featured a total of thirteen housemates competing to win the series. Twelve housemates entered on the first night, with the final housemate entering later on as an intruder.

neg: Nicole Bass (television personality) Nicole Bass is a British reality television personality from Essex, known primarily for appearing in the ITVBe reality series "The Only Way Is Essex". In 2017, she appeared in the sixth series of "Ex on the Beach".

neg: Helen Adams Helen Adams (born 30 May 1978 in Cwmbran, South Wales) is a Welsh television personality who rose to fame in the United Kingdom when she was chosen to be a contestant on the second series of the reality television show "Big Brother", in 2001.

neg: Big Brother 4 (U.S.) Big Brother 4 is the fourth season of the reality television series "Big Brother". The format of the program remained largely unchanged from previous seasons: a group of contestants, referred to as HouseGuests, are enclosed in the Big Brother House under the surveillance of cameras and microphones. Each week, the HouseGuests vote to evict one of their own until two HouseGuests remain on finale night. The winner will be decided by the last seven evicted HouseGuests, collectively known as the Big Brother Jury. Julie Chen returned to host this season. The winner of the series won a $500,000 grand prize, while the runner-up won $50,000. This season was also broadcast on E4 in the United Kingdom, beginning near the end of that country's fourth series.

neg: Kate Lawler Kate Louise Lawler (born 7 May 1980) is an English reality TV personality, DJ and model. She was the first female winner of "Big Brother UK", winning the third series (2002) of the reality television show. Since "Big Brother", she has worked as a television presenter and personality, a model and as a disc jockey. She was born in Beckenham, London.

neg: DIY SOS DIY SOS is a British DIY television series made for the BBC and presented by Nick Knowles, Lowri Turner, Kate McIntyre and Brigid Calderhead. The series was originally broadcast from 1999 to 2010, before transitioning into its current Big Build format, also presented by Knowles. Collectively, 205 episodes of "SOS" and "The Big Build" have been broadcast, while Garden SOS aired for one series in 2003.

neg: All Star Family Fortunes All Star Family Fortunes is a British television game show broadcast on ITV and presented by Vernon Kay which began airing on 28 October 2006 and ended in 2015 after its twelfth series. It is a celebrity revival of the original "Family Fortunes" that aired from 6 January 1980 until 30 December 2004, based on the American game show "Family Feud".

neg: Loose Talk Loose Talk was a British youth-oriented chat show that ran for two series on Channel 4 in 1983. It was presented by Steve Taylor, along with a different guest presenter each week.

neg: Teen Mom UK Teen Mom UK is a British reality television series set in United Kingdom. It is a spin-off of the American franchise "Teen Mom". It currently airs on MTV on 2 November 2016. The series was first announced in September 2016. It follows the lives of five British teenage mums who are trying to make it though motherhood. In July 2017, the series showed in the U.S. under the name "Teen Mum".

neg: Josie d'Arby Josie d'Arby (born Josephine Collins on 3 October 1972) is a Welsh actress, writer, director, and television presenter from Newport, Wales. She presented a number of high-profile shows and in 1999 became the youngest British woman to host her own chat show on Channel 5.


query: Did Edmund Berkeley market both Geniac and Commodore International ?

pos: Geniac Geniac was an educational toy billed as a "computer" designed and marketed by Edmund Berkeley, with Oliver Garfield from 1955 to 1958, but with Garfield continuing without Berkeley through the 1960s. The name stood for "Genius Almost-automatic Computer" but suggests a combination of the words genius and ENIAC (the first fully electronic general-purpose computer).

pos: Commodore International Commodore International (or Commodore International Limited) was a North American home computer and electronics manufacturer. Commodore International (CI), along with its subsidiary Commodore Business Machines (CBM), participated in the development of the home–personal computer industry in the 1970s and 1980s. The company developed and marketed the world's best-selling desktop computer, the Commodore 64 (1982), and released its Amiga computer line in July 1985.

neg: Hacker International Hacker International was a Japanese video game company that developed and published games from 1990 to 2001 for the Nintendo Famicom (including Famicom Disk System), NEC PC Engine (including PC Engine CD), Sony PlayStation (as Map Japan) consoles, and Microsoft Windows PCs. The company was known for its play-for-porn approach to gaming, with such games as "AV Pachi-Slot" ("Hot Slots") and "Soap Panic" ("Bubble Bath Babes") featuring female nudity as a reward for skilful playing. These games were usually distributed through mail order and sold approximately 30,000 to 50,000 copies each. Many of their games were developed by Taiwanese companies and were released in non-pornographic form elsewhere in the world; however three were released in the United States for the Nintendo Entertainment System with pornography intact (albeit sometimes modified to "Westernise" the girls' features) by another Taiwanese company, Panesian.

neg: Intel Galileo Intel Galileo is the first in a line of Arduino-certified development boards based on Intel x86 architecture and is designed for the maker and education communities. Intel released two versions of Galileo, referred to as Gen 1 and Gen 2. These development boards are sometimes called "Breakout boards".

neg: Fairchild Semiconductor Fairchild Semiconductor International, Inc. was an American semiconductor company based in San Jose, California. Founded in 1957 as a division of Fairchild Camera and Instrument, it became a pioneer in the manufacturing of transistors and of integrated circuits. Schlumberger bought the firm in 1979 and sold it to National Semiconductor in 1987; Fairchild was spun off as an independent company again in 1997.

neg: Commodore 64 disk / tape emulation Commodore 64 disk/tape emulation and data transfer comprises hardware and software for Commodore 64 disk & tape emulation and for data transfer between either Commodore 64 (C64), Commodore (1541) disk drive or Commodore (1530 Datasette) tape deck and newer computers.

neg: Holden Commodore (VB) The Holden Commodore (VB) is a mid-size car that was produced by the Australian manufacturer Holden, from 1978 to 1980. It was the first iteration of the first generation of the Holden Commodore.

neg: PETSCII PETSCII ("PET Standard Code of Information Interchange"), also known as CBM ASCII, is the character set used in Commodore Business Machines (CBM)'s 8-bit home computers, starting with the PET from 1977 and including the VIC-20, C64, CBM-II, Plus/4, C16, C116 and C128.

neg: Opel Commodore The Opel Commodore was an executive car (E-segment) produced by Opel from 1967 to 1982. It is the six-cylinder variant of the Rekord with styling differences. The Commodore nameplate was used by Opel from 1967 to 1982. However, its nameplate/lineage continues with the Australian Holden Commodore. The last generation was sold in the United Kingdom primarily as the Vauxhall Viceroy although Opel models were also sold.

neg: Commodore 1541 The Commodore 1541 (also known as the CBM 1541 and VIC-1541) is a floppy disk drive which was made by Commodore International for the Commodore 64 (C64), Commodore's most popular home computer. The best-known floppy disk drive for the C64, the 1541 is a single-sided 170-kilobyte drive for 5¼" disks. The 1541 directly followed the Commodore 1540 (meant for the VIC-20).

neg: GeoRAM geoRAM from Berkeley Softworks was a memory expansion peripheral for use on the Commodore 64 computer with GEOS operating system. geoRAM was created by Dave Durran.

neg: ORACLE (computer) The ORACLE or "Oak Ridge Automatic Computer and Logical Engine", an early computer built by Oak Ridge National Laboratory, was based on the IAS architecture developed by John von Neumann.

neg: Elektor TV Games Computer The Elektor TV Games Computer (TVGC) was a programmable computer system sold by Elektor in kit form from 1979. It used the Signetics 2650 CPU with the Signetics 2636 PVI for graphics and sound. These were the same chips as used in the Interton VC 4000 console family. A 2K monitor ROM written by Philips and a cassette interface were the most important differences between the TVGC and the Interton family. Many VC 4000 games were adapted versions of TV Games Computer games. It is possible to add cartridge slots to the TVGC to enable it to play console games, and the Hobby Module of the Acetronic console effectively transforms it into a basic TVGC.

neg: Intellivision The Intellivision is a home video game console released by Mattel Electronics in 1979. The name "Intellivision" is a portmanteau of "intelligent television". Development of the console began in 1977, the same year as the introduction of its main competitor, the Atari 2600. In 1984 Mattel sold the Intellivision business to a former Mattel Electronics executive and investors that would become INTV Corporation. Games development started in 1978 and continued until 1990 when the Intellivision was discontinued. From 1980 to 1983 over 3 million Intellivision units were sold.

neg: ILLIAC I The ILLIAC I ("Illinois Automatic Computer"), a pioneering computer built in 1952 by the University of Illinois, was the first computer built and owned entirely by a US educational institution.

neg: IBM 608 The IBM 608 Transistor Calculator, a plugboard-programmable unit, was the first IBM product to use transistor circuits without any vacuum tubes and is believed to be the world's first all-transistorized calculator to be manufactured for the commercial market. The 608 contained more than 3,000 germanium transistors. Announced in April 1955, it was released in December 1957. It was similar in nature of operation to the vacuum tube IBM 604, which had been introduced a decade earlier. Although the 608 outpaced its immediate predecessor, the IBM 607 by a factor of 2.5, it was soon rendered obsolete by newer IBM products and only a few dozen were ever delivered. The 608 was withdrawn from marketing in April 1959.

neg: Videx Videx, Inc. is a Corvallis, Oregon manufacturer of computer hardware such as access control products and data collection terminals. Its initial success came with the first release of the $345 Videoterm (80 column) display card in March 1980 and the $149 shift and custom keyboard mapping Enhancer II terminal card in November 1981, both for Apple II computers. Later, in 1984, it released its $379 UltraTerm expansion card boasting high-definition 96-pixel characters and up to 128 x 32 character display. These products became obsolete when Apple released the Apple IIe with most of the 80-column card hardware built-in - only a much simpler and cheaper RAM card was then required.

neg: ENIAC ENIAC ( or ; Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) was amongst the earliest electronic general-purpose computers made. It was Turing-complete, digital and able to solve "a large class of numerical problems" through reprogramming.

neg: Berkeley Networks Berkeley Networks was a leading startup company that built intelligent switches targeted for the high end of the small and medium-sized business computer networking market segment.

neg: Hercules Graphics Card Plus The Hercules Graphics Card Plus (HGC+) is an IBM PC compatible graphics controller card released in June 1986 by Hercules Computer Technology, Inc.

neg: The Mother of All Demos "The Mother of All Demos" is a name retroactively applied to a landmark computer demonstration, given at the Association for Computing Machinery / Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (ACM/IEEE)—Computer Society's Fall Joint Computer Conference in San Francisco, which was presented by Douglas Engelbart on 9  1968 ( ) (1968--) .

neg: Commodore Datasette The Commodore 1530 (C2N) Datasette, later also Datassette (a portmanteau of "data" and "cassette") is Commodore's dedicated magnetic tape data storage device. Using compact cassettes as the storage medium, it provided inexpensive storage to Commodore's 8-bit home/personal computers, notably the PET, VIC-20, and C64. A physically similar model, Commodore 1531, was made for the Commodore 16 and Plus/4 series computers.


query: Which football team won their 2004 MAC championship meeting in a Detroit domed stadium?

pos: 2004 MAC Championship Game The 2004 MAC Championship Game was played on December 2, 2004 at Ford Field in Detroit, Michigan. The game featured the winner of each division of the Mid-American Conference. The game featured the Miami RedHawks, of the East Division, and the Toledo Rockets, of the West Division. The Rockets beat the RedHawks 35-27.

pos: Ford Field Ford Field is a multi-purpose domed stadium located in Downtown Detroit, Michigan, United States, owned by the Detroit/Wayne County Stadium Authority. It is primarily used for American football as the home field of the Detroit Lions of the National Football League (NFL) as well as the annual Quick Lane Bowl college football bowl game and state championship football games for the MHSAA. The regular seating capacity is approximately 65,000, though it is expandable up to 70,000 for football and 80,000 for basketball. The naming rights were purchased by the Ford Motor Company at $40 million over 20 years; the Ford family holds a controlling interest in the company, and a member of the Ford family has controlled the Lions franchise since 1963.

neg: 2014 MAC Championship Game The 2014 MAC Championship Game was played on Friday, December 5, 2014, and featured the East Division Champion Bowling Green Falcons and the West Division Champion Northern Illinois Huskies.

neg: 2004 Houston Cougars football team The 2004 Houston Cougars football team, also known as the Houston Cougars, Houston, or UH represented the University of Houston in the 2003 NCAA Division I-A football season. It was the 59th year of season play for Houston. The team was coached by second year head football coach, Art Briles. The team played its home games at Robertson Stadium, a 32,000-person capacity stadium on-campus in Houston.

neg: 2002 Toledo Rockets football team The 2002 Toledo Rockets football team represented the University of Toledo during the 2002 NCAA Division I-A football season. They competed as a member of the Mid-American Conference (MAC) in the West Division. The Rockets were led by head coach Tom Amstutz.

neg: 2014 Bowling Green Falcons football team The 2014 Bowling Green Falcons football team represented Bowling Green State University in the 2014 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Falcons played their home games at Doyt Perry Stadium. They were led by first year head coach Dino Babers and were members of the East Division of the Mid-American Conference. They finished the season 8–6, 5–3 in MAC play be champions of the East Division and qualify for the MAC Championship Game where they lost to West Division champion Northern Illinois. They were invited to the inaugural Camellia Bowl where they defeated South Alabama.

neg: 2004 Cotton Bowl Classic The 2004 Cotton Bowl Classic was a post-season college football bowl game between the Ole Miss Rebels and the Oklahoma State Cowboys on January 2, 2004, at the Cotton Bowl in Dallas, Texas. It was the final game of the 2003 NCAA Division I-A football season for each team and resulted in a 31-28 Ole Miss victory. Ole Miss represented the Southeastern Conference (SEC) while Oklahome State represented the Big 12 Conference. It was Ole Miss's first January bowl victory since the 1970 Sugar Bowl and first Cotton Bowl Classic appearance since 1962.

neg: 2004 Georgia Bulldogs football team The 2004 Georgia Bulldogs football team represented the University of Georgia during the 2004 NCAA Division I-A football season The Bulldogs completed the season with a 10–2 record. The Bulldogs had a regular season Southeastern Conference (SEC) record of 6–2, but did not win the SEC East, having lost to Tennessee and Auburn. Georgia beat Wisconsin in the 2005 Outback Bowl and finished the season ranked 6th in the Coaches' Poll. This was the Georgia Bulldogs' fourth season under the guidance of head coach Mark Richt.

neg: 1995 Central Michigan Chippewas football team The 1995 Central Michigan Chippewas football team represented Central Michigan University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1995 NCAA Division I-A football season. In their second season under head coach Dick Flynn, the Chippewas compiled a 4–7 record (2–6 against MAC opponents), finished in seventh place in the MAC, and were outscored by their opponents, 276 to 255. The team played its home games in Kelly/Shorts Stadium in Mount Pleasant, Michigan, with attendance of 95,292 in five home games.

neg: 2005 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team The 2005 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team represented the University of Minnesota during the 2005 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team's head coach was Glen Mason. Minnesota played its home games at the Metrodome in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The most notable win of the season came as Minnesota defeated Michigan to win the Little Brown Jug for the first time since 1986.

neg: 2012 MAC Championship Game The 2012 Marathon MAC Championship Game was an American football game held on November 30, 2012 at Ford Field in Detroit, Michigan between the West Division champion Northern Illinois Huskies and the East Division champion Kent State Golden Flashes to determine the Mid-American Conference (MAC) champion. This is the first time since 2003 that both teams entered the game ranked in the BCS standings, AP Poll, and Coaches' Poll.

neg: 1983 Western Michigan Broncos football team The 1983 Western Michigan Broncos football team represented Western Michigan University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1983 NCAA Division I-A football season. In their second season under head coach Jack Harbaugh, the Broncos compiled a 6–5 record (4–5 against MAC opponents), finished in sixth place in the MAC, and were outscored by their opponents, 208 to 179. The team played its home games at Waldo Stadium in Kalamazoo, Michigan.

neg: 2008 LSU Tigers football team The 2008 LSU Tigers football team represented Louisiana State University in the 2008 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The team's head coach was Les Miles, who entered his fourth year at the helm. They played their home games at Tiger Stadium in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The Tigers entered the season as defending national champions, having defeated Ohio State, 38–24, in the 2008 BCS National Championship Game.

neg: 1999 Central Michigan Chippewas football team The 1999 Central Michigan Chippewas football team represented Central Michigan University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1999 NCAA Division I-A football season. In their sixth and final season under head coach Dick Flynn, the Chippewas compiled a 4–7 record (3–5 against MAC opponents), finished in fifth place in the MAC's West Division, and were outscored by their opponents, 344 to 229. The team played its home games in Kelly/Shorts Stadium in Mount Pleasant, Michigan, with attendance of 89,698 in five home games.

neg: 2009 Michigan Wolverines football team The 2009 Michigan Wolverines football team represented the University of Michigan in the 2009 NCAA Division I FBS football season. They played their home games at Michigan Stadium in Ann Arbor, Michigan and competed in the Big Ten Conference. The team attempted to rebound from its worst season (loss wise) in its 130-year football history and succeeded at first, starting the season 4–0 and earning a No. 20 ranking in the polls. Over the final eight games the Wolverines went 1–7 however, ending the season with a 5–7 record and failing to qualify for a bowl game for the second straight year. 2008 and 2009 were Michigan's first back-to-back sub-.500 seasons since 1962 and 1963; they also failed to win a road game for the first time since 1962.

neg: 2002 Motor City Bowl The 2002 Motor City Bowl was a post-season college football bowl game between the Boston College Eagles and the Toledo Rockets on December 26, 2002, at Ford Field in Detroit, Michigan. Boston College scored touchdowns on its first six possessions and routed Toledo 51-25. It was the sixth time the Motor City Bowl had been played and the final game of the 2002 NCAA Division I FBS football season for both teams.

neg: 2004 William & Mary Tribe football team The 2004 William & Mary Tribe football team represented the College of William & Mary, United States, in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I-AA (now called Football Championship Subdivision <nowiki>[FCS]</nowiki>) college football during the 2004 season. William & Mary competed as a member of the Atlantic 10 Conference (A-10) under head football coach Jimmye Laycock and played their home games at Zable Stadium.

neg: 2006 Central Michigan Chippewas football team The 2006 Central Michigan Chippewas football team represented Central Michigan University during the 2006 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Central Michigan competed as a member of the West Division of the Mid-American Conference (MAC). The Chippewas were led by third-year head coach Brian Kelly.

neg: 1941 Michigan Wolverines football team The 1941 Michigan Wolverines football team represented the University of Michigan in the 1941 Big Ten Conference football season. Under fourth-year head coach Fritz Crisler, Michigan compiled a record of 6–1–1 (3–1–1 Big Ten), outscored opponents 147 to 41 and was ranked #5 in the final AP Poll. The team played three ranked opponents, defeating #5 Northwestern (14–7), playing to a tie with #14 Ohio State (20–20), and losing by a 7–0 score to the 1941 Minnesota team that won the 1941 national championship. With a strong, veteran line, the Wolverines also shut out four of their eight opponents: Pittsburgh (40–0); Columbia (28–0); Illinois (20–0); and Iowa (6–0).

neg: 1996 Central Michigan Chippewas football team The 1996 Central Michigan Chippewas football team represented Central Michigan University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1996 NCAA Division I-A football season. In their third season under head coach Dick Flynn, the Chippewas compiled a 5–6 record (4–4 against MAC opponents), finished in fifth place in the MAC, and were outscored by their opponents, 353 to 351. The team played its home games in Kelly/Shorts Stadium in Mount Pleasant, Michigan, with attendance of 100,074 in five home games.

neg: 1964 Detroit Titans football team The 1964 Detroit Titans football team represented the University of Detroit in the 1964 college football season. Detroit was outscored by its opponents by a combined total of 158 to 127 and finished with a 3–7 record in its third year under head coach John Idzik. On November 30, 1964, the university administration announced that the football program was being discontinued.

neg: 1954 Western Michigan Broncos football team The 1954 Western Michigan Broncos football team represented Western Michigan College of Education (later renamed Western Michigan University) in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1954 college football season. In their second season under head coach Jack Petoskey, the Broncos compiled a 4–5 record (3–4 against MAC opponents), finished in fifth place in the MAC, and were outscored by their opponents, 186 to 136. The team played its home games at Waldo Stadium in Kalamazoo, Michigan.


query: What was the nationality of the man who inspired the experimental work of the inventor of Moseley's law

pos: Antonius van den Broek Antonius Johannes van den Broek (4 May 1870, Zoetermeer – 25 October 1926, Bilthoven) was a Dutch amateur physicist notable for being the first who realized that the number of an element in the periodic table (now called atomic number) corresponds to the charge of its atomic nucleus. This hypothesis was published in 1911 and inspired the experimental work of Henry Moseley, who found good experimental evidence for it by 1913.

pos: Henry Moseley Henry Gwyn Jeffreys Moseley (23 November 1887 – 10 August 1915) was an English physicist, whose contribution to the science of physics was the justification from physical laws of the previous empirical and chemical concept of the atomic number. This stemmed from his development of Moseley's law in X-ray spectra. Moseley's Law justified many concepts in chemistry by sorting the chemical elements of the periodic table of the elements in a logical order based on their physics. He published first the Long Form periodic table or Modern periodic table which is used till date.

neg: Thomas Mudge (horologist) Thomas Mudge (1715 – 14 November 1794 London) was an English horologist who invented the lever escapement, the greatest single improvement ever applied to pocket watches.

neg: Benjamin Herschel Babbage Benjamin Herschel Babbage (6 August 1815 – 22 October 1878) was an English engineer, scientist, explorer and politician, best known for his work in the colony of South Australia. He invariably signed his name "B. Herschel Babbage" and was frequently referred to as "Herschel Babbage".

neg: Mahlon Loomis Mahlon Loomis (21 July 1826 – 13 October 1886) was an American dentist known for proposing a wireless communication and power delivery system based on his idea of charging a layer of the earth's atmosphere.

neg: Alexander Parkes Alexander Parkes (29 December 1813 – 29 June 1890) was a metallurgist and inventor from Birmingham, England. He created Parkesine, the first man-made plastic.

neg: Georg Mohr Jørgen Mohr (Latinised "Georg(ius) Mohr"; 1 April 1640 – 26 January 1697) was a Danish mathematician, known for being the first to prove the Mohr–Mascheroni theorem, which states that any geometric construction which can be done with compass and straightedge can also be done with compasses alone.

neg: Peter Jost H. Peter Jost, (also known as Hans Peter Jost) CBE (25 January 1921 – 7 June 2016) was a British mechanical engineer. He is the founder of the discipline of tribology. Tribology is the science and engineering of interacting surfaces in relative motion.

neg: Kopp's law Kopp's law can refer to either of two relationships discovered by the German chemist Hermann Franz Moritz Kopp (1817–1892).

neg: Evangelista Torricelli Evangelista Torricelli (] ,    ); 15 October 1608 – 25 October 1647) was an Italian physicist and mathematician, best known for his invention of the barometer, but is also known for his advances in optics and work on the method of indivisibles.

neg: Henri Tudor Henri Owen Tudor (30 September 1859, in Ferschweiler – 31 May 1928) was a Luxembourgish engineer, inventor, and industrialist. He developed the first practical lead-acid battery in 1886 (Gaston Planté was the French physicist who invented the theoretical principle of a lead-acid battery in 1859).

neg: Thomas Johann Seebeck Thomas Johann Seebeck (] ; 9 April 1770 – 10 December 1831) was a Baltic German physicist who in 1821 discovered the thermoelectric effect.

neg: Guglielmo Marconi Guglielmo Marconi, 1st Marquis of Marconi ( ; ] ; 25 April 187420 July 1937) was an Italian inventor and electrical engineer known for his pioneering work on long-distance radio transmission and for his development of Marconi's law and a radio telegraph system. He is usually credited as the inventor of radio, and he shared the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physics with Karl Ferdinand Braun "in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy".

neg: Charles Babbage Charles Babbage {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} ( ; 26 December 1791 – 18 October 1871) was an English polymath. A mathematician, philosopher, inventor and mechanical engineer, Babbage originated the concept of a digital programmable computer.

neg: Johann Christian Poggendorff Johann Christian Poggendorff (29 December 1796 – 24 January 1877), was a German physicist born in Hamburg. By far the greater and more important part of his work related to electricity and magnetism. Poggendorff is known for his electrostatic motor which is analogous to Wilhelm Holtz's electrostatic machine. In 1841 he described the use of the potentiometer for measurement of electrical potentials without current draw.

neg: Theory of heat In the history of science, the theory of heat or mechanical theory of heat was a theory, introduced in 1798 by Sir Benjamin Thompson (better known as 'Count Rumford'), and developed more thoroughly in 1824 by the French physicist Sadi Carnot, that heat and mechanical work are equivalent. It is related to the mechanical equivalent of heat. Over the next century, with the introduction of the second law of thermodynamics in 1850 by Rudolf Clausius, this theory evolved into the science of thermodynamics. In 1851, in his "On the Dynamical Theory of Heat", William Thomson outlined the view, as based on recent experiments by those such as James Joule, that “heat is not a substance, but a dynamical form of mechanical effect, we perceive that there must be an equivalence between mechanical work and heat, as between cause and effect.”

neg: Ernest Godward Ernest Robert Godward (7 April 1869 – 2 December 1936) was an English born inventor and engineer who lived in New Zealand, England, and the United States. He created the spiral hairpin and a type of carburettor called a petrol economizer, which boosted engine performance and reduced fuel consumption.

neg: Georges Lakhovsky Georges Lakhovsky (born Georgei Lakhovsky; Russian: Георгий Лаховский ; 17 September 1869 – 31 August 1942) was a Belarusian-French engineer, scientist, author and inventor. His controversial medical treatment invention, the Multiple Wave Oscillator, is described as having been used by him in the treatment of cancer.

neg: Atwood machine The Atwood machine (or Atwood's machine) was invented in 1784 by the English mathematician George Atwood as a laboratory experiment to verify the mechanical laws of motion with constant acceleration. Atwood's machine is a common classroom demonstration used to illustrate principles of classical mechanics.

neg: Ivan Sechenov Ivan Mikhaylovich Sechenov (Russian: Ива́н Миха́йлович Се́ченов ; August 13 [O.S. August 1] 1829 , Tyoply Stan (now Sechenovo) near Simbirsk, Russia – November 15 [O.S. November 2] 1905 , Moscow), was a Russian physiologist, named by Ivan Pavlov as ""The Father of Russian physiology"". Sechenov authored the classic "Reflexes of the Brain" introducing electrophysiology and neurophysiology into laboratories and teaching of medicine.

neg: Willem 's Gravesande Willem Jacob 's Gravesande (26 September 1688 – 28 February 1742) was a Dutch mathematician and natural philosopher, chiefly remembered for developing experimental demonstrations of the laws of classical mechanics. As professor of mathematics, astronomy, and philosophy at Leiden University, he helped to propagate Isaac Newton's ideas in Continental Europe.

neg: Plateau's laws Plateau's laws describe the structure of soap films. These laws were formulated in the 19th century by the Belgian physicist Joseph Plateau from his experimental observations. Many patterns in nature are based on foams obeying these laws.


query: Who died first, Albert Camus or Witold Gombrowicz?

pos: Albert Camus Albert Camus (] ; 7 November 1913 – 4 January 1960) was a French philosopher, author, and journalist. His views contributed to the rise of the philosophy known as absurdism. He wrote in his essay "The Rebel" that his whole life was devoted to opposing the philosophy of nihilism while still delving deeply into individual freedom. He won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1957.

pos: Witold Gombrowicz Witold Marian Gombrowicz (August 4, 1904 – July 24, 1969) was a Polish writer and playwright. His works are characterised by deep psychological analysis, a certain sense of paradox and absurd, anti-nationalist flavor. In 1937 he published his first novel, "Ferdydurke", which presented many of his usual themes: the problems of immaturity and youth, the creation of identity in interactions with others, and an ironic, critical examination of class roles in Polish society and culture. He gained fame only during the last years of his life, but is now considered one of the foremost figures of Polish literature. His diaries were published in 1969 and are, according to the "Paris Review", "widely considered his masterpiece".

neg: Henri Deberly Henri Deberly, born in 1882 in Amiens (France) and died in 1947, was a French writer, winner of the Prix Goncourt in 1926.

neg: Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski (Latin: "Andreas Fricius Modrevius" ) (ca. September 20, 1503 – autumn, 1572) was a Polish Renaissance scholar, humanist and theologian, called "the father of Polish democracy". His book "De Republica emendanda" ("O poprawie Rzeczypospolitej") was widely read and praised across most of Renaissance Europe.

neg: Camil Baltazar Camil Baltazar (] ; pen name of Leibu Goldenstein or Leopold Goldstein; August 25, 1902 in Focşani- April 27, 1977 in Bucharest) was a Romanian-Jewish poet.

neg: Andrzej Górski Andrzej Górski h. Nałęcz (died 1626) was Treasurer of the Crown, voivode of Masovia from 1623, castellan of Kamieniec from 1619, starost of Ovruch and Strzelce , diplomat and author of the "Acta Tomiciana".

neg: Philippe Camus (writer) Philippe Camus is a 15th-century French writer who wrote "L'Histoire d'Olivier de Castille et Artus d'Algarbe" (between 1430 and 1460) as well as a prose version of Adenet le Roi's romance "Cleomadés".

neg: Charles de Bovelles Charles de Bovelles (Latin: "Carolus Bovillus" ; born c. 1475 at Saint-Quentin, died at Ham, Somme after 1566) was a French mathematician, and canon of Noyon. His "Géométrie en françoys" (1511) was the first scientific work to be printed in French.

neg: Mieczysław Albert Krąpiec Mieczysław Albert Maria Krąpiec OP (born May 25, 1921 in Berezowica Mała near Ternopil, dead May 8, 2008 in Lublin) – a Polish Roman Catholic priest, philosopher (thomist), theologian, humanist and social scientist, the rector of Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski (1970-1983), the founder of the Lublin Philosophical School, the initiator and president of the scientific committee of "Powszechna Encyklopedia Filozofii".

neg: Samuel Twardowski Samuel Twardowski (before 1600 – 1661) was a Polish poet, diarist, and essayist who gained popularity in 17th century Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, called by his contemporaries 'Polish Virgil.

neg: Ignotus Hugó Veigelsberg (2 November 1869, Pest – August 3, 1949, Budapest) was a noted Hungarian editor and writer who usually published under the pen name Ignotus (Latin for "unknown"). He was distinguished for the lyric individuality of his poems, stories, and sociological works. In addition to "Ignotus", he also wrote under the pseudoyms "Dixi," "Pató Pál," and "Tar Lorincz".

neg: Henri Guilbeaux Henri Guilbeaux (1885–1938) was a French socialist politician. Active in the Zimmerwald Anti-War Movement during World War I. He was a prominent figure of a group of intellectuals who fought in Geneva against the war; friend of Stefan Zweig, whose poems he translated in French. Zweig nonetheless criticizes him in "Die Welt von Gestern," saying that he "was not a gifted person" and that "I must frankly denominate his literary ability as inconsiderable. His command of language was not more than average; his education was not profound. His entire power lay in controversy." He published a magazine, "Demain", that became a point of reference for all who were against the war. Among the other, on those pages wrote Lenin, Trotsky and Lunacharsky. Because of his political credo and his strong personality, he was judged by default in France and sentenced to death. He could escape in Russia, with the help of Lenin. Became a Communist and was active in the Comintern. Supporter of Trotsky. Pardoned by the French justice, he died, almost forgotten, in Paris.

neg: Nicholas Camusat Nicholas Camusat was a French historian born in Troyes in 1575, and died in 1655. His works are:

neg: Albert Steffen Albert Steffen (December 10, 1884, Wynau, Switzerland – July 13, 1963, Dornach, Switzerland) was a poet, painter, dramatist, essayist, and novelist. He joined the Theosophical Society in Germany in 1910, and the Anthroposophical Society in 1912 and became its president after the death of its founder, Rudolf Steiner, in 1925. Steffen was chief editor of the society's journal, "Das Goetheanum", from 1921-1963.

neg: Albertus Pictor Albertus Pictor (English, "Albert the Painter"; Immenhusen, c. 1440 – c. 1507), also called Albert Pictor, Albert Målare and Albrekt Pärlstickare (Swedish), is the most famous late medieval Swedish painter, known for his wallpaintings surviving in numerous churches in southern and central Sweden. Celebrations for the quincentenary of his death were arranged for 2009.

neg: Ramism Ramism was a collection of theories on rhetoric, logic and pedagogy based on the teachings of Petrus Ramus, a French academic, philosopher and Huguenot convert who was murdered in 1572 during the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre in August.

neg: Anna Kamieńska Anna Kamieńska (12 April 1920 in Krasnystaw – 10 May 1986 in Warsaw) was a Polish poet, writer, translator and literary critic who wrote many books for children and adolescents.

neg: Matilde Camus Matilde Camus (26 September 1919 – 28 April 2012) was a Spanish poet who also wrote non-fiction.

neg: Georges-Albert Puyou de Pouvourville Georges-Albert Puyou de Pouvourville was a French orientalist, mystic, poet, and translator. He was born August 7, 1861 in Nancy, France and died Deceber 30, 1939 in Paris.

neg: Włodzimierz Brus Włodzimierz Brus ( ; ] ; born Beniamin Zylberberg, 23 August 1921 – 31 August 2007) was an economist and party functionary in communist Poland. He emigrated from Poland in 1972, removed from power after the 1968 Polish political crisis. Brus spent the rest of his life in the United Kingdom.

neg: Edmund Gosse Sir Edmund William Gosse CB (21 September 184916 May 1928) was an English poet, author and critic. He was strictly brought up in a small Protestant sect, the Plymouth Brethren, but broke away sharply from that faith. His account of his childhood in the book "Father and Son" has been described as the first psychological biography.

neg: Nimbus (literary magazine) Nimbus, "A Magazine of Literature, the Arts, and New Ideas", was a literary magazine co-founded in London in 1951 by Martin Green and Tristram Hull.


query: Which British Conservative Party politician said that all state agencies would co-operate with the Northern Ireland Historical Institutional Abuse Inquiry?

pos: Kincora Boys' Home The Kincora Boys' Home was a boys' home in Belfast, Northern Ireland that was the scene of serious organised child sexual abuse, causing a scandal and attempted cover-up in 1980, with allegations of state collusion. The Northern Ireland Historical Institutional Abuse Inquiry began examining allegations relating to the Home on 31 May 2016, including claims that there was a paedophile ring at the home with links to the intelligence services; Northern Ireland Secretary Theresa Villiers said that all state agencies would co-operate with the inquiry.

pos: Theresa Villiers Theresa Anne Villiers (pronounced "Villers"; born 5 March 1968 in London) is a British Conservative Party politician.

neg: Laurence Robertson Laurence Anthony Robertson (born 29 March 1958) is a British Conservative Party politician. He has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Tewkesbury since 1997. In May 2005, he was appointed Shadow Minister for Northern Ireland.

neg: Hutton Inquiry The Hutton Inquiry was a 2003 judicial inquiry in the UK chaired by Lord Hutton, who was appointed by the Labour government to investigate the circumstances surrounding the death of David Kelly, a biological warfare expert and former UN weapons inspector in Iraq.

neg: Dan Norris Dan Norris (born 28 January 1960) is a British Labour Party politician who was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Wansdyke from 1997 until 2010. He was also a Parliamentary Under Secretary of State at the Department for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs.

neg: Stephen O'Brien Sir Stephen Rothwell O'Brien {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (born 1 April 1957) is a British politician and diplomat who is the United Nations Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator. He assumed office on 29 May 2015, succeeding Valerie Amos. He was formerly a Member of the United Kingdom Parliament (MP), representing Eddisbury. He was first elected in a by-election in July 1999, after Alastair Goodlad was made British High Commissioner in Australia by Tony Blair and thus had to leave Parliament. A member of the Conservative Party, within the Conservative-Liberal Democrat Coalition he was appointed as the Parliamentary Undersecretary of State in the Department for International Development. In September 2013 he became the Prime Minister's Envoy to the Sahel, encompassing nine countries across North and West Africa. In order to take up the position of United Nations Under Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator, he stood down from the UK Parliament.

neg: Phil Woolas Philip James Woolas (born 11 December 1959) is a British environmental consultant, political lobbyist, former television producer and former politician. He was the Labour Member of Parliament (MP) for Oldham East and Saddleworth from his election in 1997 to 2010. He was the Minister of State for Borders and Immigration in the Home Office, as well as being the Minister of State for the Treasury. On 5 November 2010, he was found to have breached the Representation of the People Act 1983 in the course of the 2010 general election. As a result, his victory at the 2010 general election campaign was declared void, he lost his seat in the House of Commons, and was barred from standing again for three years.<ref name="Guardian 5/11"> </ref> Woolas was also suspended from the Labour party.

neg: Minister for Policing The Minister of State for Policing, Fire and Criminal Justice is a ministerial position held jointly at the Home Office and the Ministry of Justice in the Government of the United Kingdom. Conservative MP Mike Penning held the portfolio between July 2014 and July 2016. He was promoted by new Prime Minister Theresa May in 2016, with his successor announced as Brandon Lewis. The post was created by the splitting of the now-defunct office of the Minister for Security, Counter-Terrorism, Crime and Policing into two new ministerial posts: Security & Counter-Terrorism and Crime & Policing. From January 2016 onwards the Minister is responsible for the portfolio for Fire and Rescue Services.

neg: John Hutton, Baron Hutton of Furness John Matthew Patrick Hutton, Baron Hutton of Furness, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (born 6 May 1955) is a British Labour politician who was Member of Parliament (MP) for Barrow and Furness from 1992 to 2010 and served in a number of Cabinet offices, including Defence Secretary and Business Secretary. He is now the Chairman of the Royal United Services Institute.

neg: Scotland Office The Scotland Office (Scottish Gaelic: "An Oifis Albannach") is a UK government department headed by the Secretary of State for Scotland and responsible for Scottish affairs. Its role combines with that of the Ministry of Justice in HM Government.

neg: Michael Morris, Baron Naseby Michael Wolfgang Laurence Morris, Baron Naseby, PC (born 25 November 1936) is a British Conservative Party politician.

neg: Henry Bellingham (Norfolk MP) Sir Henry Campbell Bellingham (born 29 March 1955) is a British Conservative politician. He was appointed Parliamentary Under Secretary of State at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office on 14 May 2010, a position he held until 5 September 2012. In Parliament, he represents the constituency of North West Norfolk.

neg: Michael Cashman Michael Maurice Cashman, Baron Cashman, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (born 17 December 1950) is a British Labour politician and former actor. He was a Member of the European Parliament for the West Midlands constituency from 1999 until he stood down in 2014. He has since then been appointed to the House of Lords. On 23 September 2014, Cashman was appointed the Labour Party's special envoy on LGBT issues worldwide.

neg: Knox Cunningham Sir Samuel Knox Cunningham, 1st Baronet, QC (3 April 1909 – 29 July 1976) was a Northern Irish barrister, businessman and politician. As an Ulster Unionist politician at a time when the Unionists were part of the Conservative Party, he was also a significant figure in United Kingdom politics as Parliamentary Private Secretary to Harold Macmillan. His nephew was Sir Josias Cunningham.

neg: Kenneth Bloomfield Sir Kenneth Percy Bloomfield KCB (born 15 April 1931) is a former head of the Northern Ireland Civil Service who was later a member of the Independent Commission for the Location of Victims' Remains and for a time Northern Ireland Victims Commissioner. In addition to this, he has held a variety of public sector posts in Northern Ireland and elsewhere.

neg: Sarah McCarthy-Fry Sarah McCarthy-Fry (born 4 February 1955) is a British Labour Co-operative politician, who was the Member of Parliament for Portsmouth North from 2005 to the 2010 general election. She was Exchequer Secretary to the Treasury in the last phase of the Labour government of Gordon Brown.

neg: David Cameron David William Donald Cameron ( ; born 9 October 1966) is a British politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2010 to 2016 and Leader of the Conservative Party from 2005 to 2016. He was Member of Parliament (MP) for Witney from 2001 to 2016. Cameron identifies as a One-Nation Conservative, and has been associated with both economically liberal and socially liberal policies.

neg: Paul Deighton, Baron Deighton Paul Clive Deighton, Baron Deighton, KBE (born 18 January 1956) is a British Conservative politician who served as Commercial Secretary to HM Treasury from January 2013 to May 2015. Deighton is a former investment banker who previously served as Chief Executive of the London Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games (LOCOG), the organisation responsible for planning the 2012 Summer Olympics and Paralympics.

neg: Garda Commissioner The Garda Commissioner (Irish: "Coimisinéir an Gharda Síochána" ) – officially known as the Commissioner of An Garda Síochána – is the head of the Garda Síochána, the national police service of Ireland. The Garda Commissioner is appointed by the Government of Ireland (cabinet), on the recommendation of the Minister for Justice and Equality. The Commissioner reports to the Minister for Justice and Equality, in charge of the Department of Justice and Equality, of which the Garda Síochána is a state agency. The Garda Commissioner sits on the Irish government's National Security Committee (NSC), and is responsible for Ireland's domestic state security apparatus.

neg: Jo Swinson Joanne Kate Swinson (born 5 February 1980) is a British Liberal Democrat politician and is Member of Parliament (MP) for East Dunbartonshire constituency. She was first elected at the 2005 general election, serving until her defeat by John Nicolson of the Scottish National Party (SNP) in 2015. Swinson regained the seat at the 2017 general election with a majority of 5,339 votes. She had been the Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Employment relations, consumer and postal affairs. Swinson was formerly a junior Equalities Minister. On 20 June 2017, she was elected unopposed as Deputy Leader of the Liberal Democrats.

neg: Reg Empey Reginald Norman Morgan Empey, Baron Empey, OBE (born 26 October 1947), best known as Reg Empey, is a British politician who was the leader of the Ulster Unionist Party from 2005 to 2010, and has been its chairman since 2012. Empey was also twice Lord Mayor of Belfast and was a Member of the Legislative Assembly for East Belfast from 1998 to 2011.

neg: Andrew Mitchell Andrew John Bower Mitchell (born 23 March 1956) is a British Conservative Party politician who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Sutton Coldfield since 2001. He was the MP for Gedling from 1987 to 1997. He served in the Cabinet as Secretary of State for International Development from 2010 to 2012, and then briefly as Government Chief Whip in the House of Commons until he resigned after losing the confidence of many of his colleagues following an alleged altercation with a police officer; referred to as "Plebgate".


query: In which year did Aimé Césaire publish her work, which was a response to Shakespeare's play "The Tempest?"

pos: Aimé Césaire Aimé Fernand David Césaire (26 June 1913 – 17 April 2008) was a Francophone and French poet, author and politician from Martinique. He was "one of the founders of the négritude movement in Francophone literature". He wrote such works as "Une Tempête", a response to Shakespeare's play "The Tempest", and "Discours sur le colonialisme" ("Discourse on Colonialism"), an essay describing the strife between the colonizers and the colonized. His works have been translated into many languages.

pos: Une Tempête Une Tempête ("A tempest") is a 1969 play by Aimé Césaire. It is an adaptation of Shakespeare's "The Tempest" from a postcolonial perspective. The play was first performed at the Festival d'Hammamet in Tunisia under the direction of Jean-Marie Serreau. It later played in Avignon and Paris. Césaire uses all of the characters from Shakespeare's version, but he specifies that Prospero is a white master, while Ariel is a mulatto and Caliban is a black slave. These characters are the focus of the play as Césaire foregrounds issues of race, power, and decolonization.

neg: Antoinette Henriette Clémence Robert Antoinette Henriette Clémence Robert (6 December 1797 – 1 December 1872) was a French writer of historical fiction, poetry, non-fiction, stage plays, and short stories. From 1855 to 1870, she and Virginie Ancelot were the most popular novelists of the "roman populaire" genre. She published much of her work as Clémence Robert.

neg: Hag-Seed Hag-Seed is a novel by Margaret Atwood published in October 2016. A modern retelling of William Shakespeare's "The Tempest", the novel centres on a theatre director named Felix who is exiled to teaching in a prison after losing his job with Makeshiweg Theatre, and begins to plot his revenge against those who wronged him.

neg: The Winter's Tale The Winter's Tale is a play by William Shakespeare originally published in the First Folio of 1623. Although it was grouped among the comedies, some modern editors have relabelled the play as one of Shakespeare's late romances. Some critics consider it to be one of Shakespeare's "problem plays" because the first three acts are filled with intense psychological drama, while the last two acts are comedic and supply a happy ending.

neg: Treatise of Love The Treatise of Love ("Tretyse of Loue") is an English prose text first printed around 1493. Its printing was the work of Wynkyn de Worde, who took over William Caxton's printing business in 1491, and printed the "Treatise" before he began publishing under his own name in 1494. Drawing greatly on the "Ancrene Wisse", the text contains religious advice addressed to an audience of aristocratic women.

neg: The Prophetess (play) The Prophetess is a late Jacobean era stage play, a tragicomedy written by John Fletcher and Philip Massinger. It was initially published in the first Beaumont and Fletcher folio of 1647.

neg: Two Ages: A Literary Review Two Ages: A Literary Review (Danish: "En literair Anmeldelse af S. Kierkegaard" ) is the first book in Søren Kierkegaard's second authorship and was published on March 30, 1846. The work followed "The Corsair affair" in which he was the target of public ridicule and consequently displays his thought on "the public" and an individual's relationship to it.

neg: Valeria Miani Valeria Miani (1563 – 1620) was a female playwright noted for her works Celina, a Tragedy, and Amorosa Speranza. Miani married Domenico Negri in 1593, with whom she had five children, Isabetta, Isabella, Lucretia, Guilio, and Anzolo. Miani is known for being the first woman to publish a tragedy prior to the 18th century. In addition, she was the third woman in Italy to write in the newly popular genre, the pastoral. Miani's works explored themes such as cross-dressing, death and punishment, female virtue, and female resilience.

neg: The Human Abstract (poem) The Human Abstract is a poem written by the English poet William Blake. It was published as part of his collection "Songs of Experience" in 1794. The poem was originally drafted in Blake's notebook and was later revised for as part of publication in "Songs of Experience". Critics of the poem have noted it as demonstrative of Blake's metaphysical poetry and its emphasis on the tension between the human and the divine.

neg: Le Livre de l'Espérance Le "Livre de l’Espérance", (The Book of Hope) also called the "Consolation des Trois Vertus" or the "Livre de l’Exile", was written by the French poet and statesman Alain Chartier. Begun in 1429, the work was not yet complete by the author's death in 1430. It is a lengthy dream vision and allegory of political, theological and poetic significance written in both verse and prose Middle French. Modeled on the Consolation of Philosophy of Boethius, instead of finding consolation through Dame Philosophy, it is the three Christian virtues, Faith, Hope, and Charity, who offer solace.

neg: The Mandrake The Mandrake (Italian: La Mandragola ] ) is a satirical play by Italian Renaissance philosopher Niccolò Machiavelli. Although the five-act comedy was published in 1524 and first performed in the carnival season of 1526, Machiavelli likely wrote "The Mandrake" in 1518 as a distraction from his bitterness at having been excluded from the diplomatic and political life of Florence following the 1512 reversion to Medici rule. Both contemporary and modern scholars read the play as an overt critique of the House of Medici; however, Machiavelli set the action in 1504 during the period of the Florentine Republic in order to express his frustrations without fear of censure from patrons already ill-disposed towards him and his writing.

neg: Un re in ascolto Un re in ascolto ("A King Listens") is an opera by Luciano Berio, who also wrote the Italian libretto. It is based on a short story, Under the Jaguar Sun by Italo Calvino, but incorporates excerpts from Friedrich Einsiedel's 1778 libretto (as reworked by Friedrich Wilhelm Gotter between 1790 and 1791) for an opera based on Shakespeare's "The Tempest". This became "Die Geisterinsel" in 1798, set to music written by Friedrich Fleischmann. In addition, W. H. Auden's "The Sea and the Mirror: A Commentary on Shakespeare's The Tempest" was a source.

neg: Der Sturm (opera) Der Sturm (The tempest) is a German-language opera in three acts by the Swiss composer Frank Martin to a libretto based on the Schlegel/Tieck German translation of Shakespeare's play "The Tempest". It was premiered at the Vienna State Opera in 1955. The role of Prospero was originally conceived for Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau, but illness prevented him participating.

neg: Amaluna Amaluna is a touring show by Cirque du Soleil, created and directed by Diane Paulus. It premiered in Montréal, Canada, on April 19, 2012. Loosely inspired by William Shakespeare's "The Tempest", the story takes place on an island governed by goddesses. During a storm, a group of men are washed up on shore. The queen's daughter falls for one of the young men, and the trials of their love are the basis of the show's main narrative through-line. The show is notable for having a cast that is 70% female.

neg: Breath (play) Breath is a notably short stage work by Samuel Beckett. An altered version was first included in Kenneth Tynan's revue "Oh! Calcutta!", at the Eden Theatre in New York City on June 16, 1969. The UK premiere was at the Close Theatre Club in Glasgow in October 1969; this was the first performance of the text as written. The second performance, and the English premiere, was at a benefit held at the Oxford Playhouse on March 8, 1970. “The first accurate publication appeared in "Gambit" 4.16 (1969): 5–9, with a manuscript facsimile.”

neg: Savages (play) Savages is a play written by British playwright Christopher Hampton. It premiered at the Royal Court Theatre in 1973, and was published the following year by Faber and Faber.

neg: Titus Andronicus Titus Andronicus is a tragedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1588 and 1593, probably in collaboration with George Peele. It is thought to be Shakespeare's first tragedy, and is often seen as his attempt to emulate the violent and bloody revenge plays of his contemporaries, which were extremely popular with audiences throughout the 16th century.

neg: Jason (opera) Jason, ou La toison d'or ("Jason, or The Golden Fleece") is an opera by the French composer Pascal Collasse, first performed at the Académie Royale de Musique (the Paris Opéra) on 15 January 1696. It takes the form of a "tragédie lyrique" in a prologue and five acts. The libretto, by Jean-Baptiste Rousseau, is based on the legend of Jason in the epic poem "Argonautica" by Apollonius of Rhodes.

neg: Clitandre Clitandre is a play by Pierre Corneille.

neg: Macbeth Macbeth ( ; full title The Tragedy of Macbeth) is a tragedy by William Shakespeare; it is thought to have been first performed in 1606. It dramatises the damaging physical and psychological effects of political ambition on those who seek power for its own sake. Of all the plays that Shakespeare wrote during the reign of James I, who was patron of Shakespeare's acting company, "Macbeth" most clearly reflects the playwright's relationship with his sovereign. It was first published in the Folio of 1623, possibly from a prompt book, and is Shakespeare's shortest tragedy.

neg: Cymbeline Cymbeline , also known as Cymbeline, King of Britain, is a play by William Shakespeare set in Ancient Britain and based on legends that formed part of the Matter of Britain concerning the early Celtic British King Cunobeline. Although listed as a tragedy in the First Folio, modern critics often classify "Cymbeline" as a romance or even a comedy. Like "Othello" and "The Winter's Tale", it deals with the themes of innocence and jealousy. While the precise date of composition remains unknown, the play was certainly produced as early as 1611.