query: Kenny Stills is an American, that played college football, at the University of Oklahoma, for which program?

pos: Kenny Stills Kenneth Lee Stills Jr. (born April 22, 1992) is an American football wide receiver for the Miami Dolphins of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Oklahoma. He was drafted by the New Orleans Saints in the fifth round of the 2013 NFL Draft.

pos: Oklahoma Sooners football The Oklahoma Sooners football program is a college football team that represents the University of Oklahoma (variously "Oklahoma" or "OU"). The team is currently a member of the Big 12 Conference, which is in Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (formerly Division I-A) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The program began in 1895 and is one of the most successful programs since World War II with the most wins (606) and the highest winning percentage (.762) since 1945. The program has 7 national championships, 45 conference championships, 154 All-Americans (76 consensus), and five Heisman Trophy winners. In addition, the school has had 23 members (five coaches and 18 players) inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame and holds the record for the longest winning streak in Division I history with 47 straight victories, a record that stands to this day. Oklahoma is also the only program that has had four coaches with 100+ wins. They became the sixth NCAA FBS team to win 850 games when they defeated the Kansas Jayhawks on November 22, 2014. The Sooners play their home games at Gaylord Family Oklahoma Memorial Stadium in Norman, Oklahoma. Lincoln Riley is currently the team's head coach.

neg: 2005 Oklahoma Sooners football team The 2005 Oklahoma Sooners football team represented the University of Oklahoma in the 2005 NCAA Division I-A football season, the 111th season of Sooner football. The team was led by two-time Walter Camp Coach of the Year Award winner, Bob Stoops, in his seventh season as head coach. They played their home games at Gaylord Family Oklahoma Memorial Stadium in Norman, Oklahoma. They were a charter member of the Big 12 Conference.

neg: Jimmie Hicks James W. Hicks was a college football player for the Alabama Crimson Tide of the University of Alabama from 1912 to 1914. He was selected All-Southern in 1914. Coach D. V. Graves said of his player Hicks: "There is no other guard down here who can break through the line and run down under punts as Hicks has done all the year."

neg: Tennessee Volunteers football The Tennessee Volunteers football program (variously called "Tennessee", "Vols", or "UT") represents the University of Tennessee (UT) in the sport of American football. The Volunteers compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Eastern Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC).

neg: Central Oklahoma Bronchos football The Central Oklahoma Bronchos football team represents the University of Central Oklahoma (UCO) in college football. The team is a member of the Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletics Association (MIAA), which is in Division II of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The UCO Bronchos football program began in 1902 and has since compiled 600 wins, two national championships, and 26 conference championships. As of 2011, the Bronchos were ranked third in NCAA Division II for total wins and ranked 12th in winning percentage (0.621). In 1962, the Bronchos went 11–0 on the season and defeated Lenoir–Rhyne University (NC) 28–13 in the Camellia Bowl to claim its first NAIA national championship. Twenty years later, Central Oklahoma defended its home turf and defeated Colorado Mesa University (then Mesa State College) 14–11 in the NAIA national championship game to take its second title and finish the season with a 10–2 record.

neg: 1987 Oklahoma Sooners football team The 1987 Oklahoma Sooners football team represented the University of Oklahoma in the 1987 NCAA Division I-A football season. Oklahoma

neg: Ricky Shaw Ricky Andrew Shaw (born July 28, 1965 in Westchester, New York) was an American football linebacker in the National Football League for the New York Giants and the Philadelphia Eagles. He played college football at Oklahoma State University and was drafted in the fourth round of the 1988 NFL Draft. He is now a Physical Education Coach at Orange Youth Academy in Orlando,Florida. Coach Shaw works with young men who are in a residential facility operated by Florida Department of Juvenile Justice.

neg: 1988 Oklahoma State Cowboys football team The 1988 Oklahoma State Cowboys football team represented the Oklahoma State University in the 1988 NCAA Division I-A college football season. Barry Sanders was in his junior year for the Cowboys.

neg: 2004 Cotton Bowl Classic The 2004 Cotton Bowl Classic was a post-season college football bowl game between the Ole Miss Rebels and the Oklahoma State Cowboys on January 2, 2004, at the Cotton Bowl in Dallas, Texas. It was the final game of the 2003 NCAA Division I-A football season for each team and resulted in a 31-28 Ole Miss victory. Ole Miss represented the Southeastern Conference (SEC) while Oklahome State represented the Big 12 Conference. It was Ole Miss's first January bowl victory since the 1970 Sugar Bowl and first Cotton Bowl Classic appearance since 1962.

neg: Phil Cutchin Phil Cutchin (September 9, 1920 – January 7, 1999) was an American football player and coach. He served as the head football coach at Oklahoma State University–Stillwater from 1963 to 1968, compiling a record of 19–38–2. Although he never had a winning season at Oklahoma State, he led the team to their first win over Oklahoma in 20 years. He played college football at the University of Kentucky, where he subsequently worked as an assistant coach under coach Bear Bryant and accompanied Bryant to coach at Texas A&M and Alabama.

neg: Tulsa Golden Hurricane football The Tulsa Golden Hurricane football program represents the University of Tulsa in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) level. Tulsa has competed in the American Athletic Conference (The American) since the 2014 season and was previously a member of Conference USA (C-USA). The team is currently led by head coach Philip Montgomery. Tulsa plays its home games at Skelly Field at H. A. Chapman Stadium in Tulsa, Oklahoma. The University of Tulsa has the smallest undergraduate enrollment of all schools that participate at the FBS level.

neg: 1903 Oklahoma A&M Aggies football team The 1903 Oklahoma A&M Aggies football team represented Oklahoma A&M College in the 1903 college football season. This was the third year of football at A&M and the team didn't have a head coach. The Aggies played their home games in Stillwater, Oklahoma. They finished the season 0–2–2.

neg: Dewey Selmon Dewey Willis Selmon (born November 19, 1953) is a former football linebacker. He played collegiate football at University of Oklahoma, forming the defensive line with brothers Lucious and Lee Roy, among others.

neg: Tuskegee Golden Tigers football The Tuskegee Golden Tigers football program is the intercollegiate American football team for the Tuskegee University located in the U.S. state of Alabama. The team competes in the NCAA Division II level and are members of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference. The school's first football team was fielded in 1913. The team plays its home games at the 10,000 seat Abbott Memorial Alumni Stadium. They are coached by Willie Slater.

neg: 1965 Oklahoma Sooners football team The 1965 Oklahoma Sooners football team represented the University of Oklahoma during the 1965 college football season. They played their home games at Oklahoma Memorial Stadium and competed as members of the Big Eight Conference. They were coached by head coach Gomer Jones, who would be fired at conclusion of the season.

neg: Jerry Partridge Jerry Partridge (born March 29, 1963) is an American football coach and former player. He is currently the defensive coordinator at Delta State University in Cleveland, Mississippi. He was previously the head football coach at Missouri Western State University in St. Joseph, Missouri, a position he had held from 1997 to 2016. Before becoming head coach at Missouri Western in 1997, Partridge assisted various teams from 1986 to 1996. Partridge was a graduate assistant for the 1988 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team, who won the national championship.

neg: Pistol Pete (Oklahoma State University) Pistol Pete is the athletics mascot of Oklahoma State University. In the past, New Mexico State University and the University of Wyoming have both used mascots based on the original Oklahoma State "Pistol Pete" caricature artwork; however both schools have subsequently revised their Pistol Pete mascots so that they no longer resemble Oklahoma State's Pistol Pete. The Pistol Pete mascot costume features traditional cowboy attire and a headpiece resembling Frank Eaton. Pistol Pete has been the mascot for the Oklahoma State Cowboys since 1923.

neg: 1977 Oklahoma Sooners football team The 1977 Oklahoma Sooners football team represented the University of Oklahoma in the 1977 NCAA Division I football season. Oklahoma was a member of the Big Eight Conference and played its home games in Oklahoma Memorial Stadium, where it has played its home games since 1923. The team posted a 10–2 overall record and a 7–0 conference record to earn the Conference title under head coach Barry Switzer who took the helm in 1973. This was Switzer's fifth conference title and third undefeated conference record in five seasons.

neg: 1966 Oklahoma State Cowboys football team The 1966 Oklahoma State Cowboys football team represented Oklahoma State University during the 1966 college football season.

neg: Tom Emerson (Canadian football) Tom Emerson (born c. 1935) is a former Canadian football player who played for the Edmonton Eskimos. He played college football at the University of Oklahoma.

neg: RUF/NEKS The RUF/NEKS are an all-male spirit squad for the University of Oklahoma.


query: Which film was made first Portrait of Gina or Crazy Love?

pos: Portrait of Gina Portrait of Gina, or Viva Italia is a 1958 documentary film by Orson Welles. It was funded by ABC TV. Around 30 minutes long, it follows a similar style to "The Fountain of Youth" (1958) and "F for Fake" (1973).

pos: Crazy Love (2007 film) Crazy Love is a 2007 American documentary film directed by Dan Klores and Fisher Stevens. The screenplay by Klores, who also wrote Boys of 2nd Street Park explores the troubled relationship between New York City attorney Burt Pugach and his ten-years-younger girlfriend Linda Riss, who was blinded and permanently scarred when thugs hired by Pugach threw lye in her face.

neg: First Love (2010 Thai film) First Love, also known as Crazy Little Thing Called Love, (Thai: สิ่งเล็กเล็ก ที่เรียกว่า...รัก , "Sing lek lek thi riak wa... rak", lit. "A Little Thing Called Love") is a 2010 Thai romantic comedy film and also a 2011 Asian sleeper hit film starring Mario Maurer and Pimchanok Luevisadpaibul. The story depicts love in the eye of young people who first experience it and how it affects their lives and their inspirations.

neg: As Crazy as It Gets As Crazy as it Gets is a 2015 Nigerian romantic comedy road film directed by Shittu Taiwo, and stars Omoni Oboli and Chuks Chyke in lead roles.

neg: Crazy People (disambiguation) Crazy People is a 1990 comedy film starring Dudley Moore and Daryl Hannah.

neg: Crazy Joe (film) Crazy Joe is a 1974 Italian drama film directed by Carlo Lizzani. It is based on the real life events of Joseph Gallo, a mobster member of the Colombo crime family. The film stars Peter Boyle in the title role, with Paula Prentiss, Fred Williamson, Rip Torn and Eli Wallach. The film is not related in any way to "Joe", the 1970 hit film also starring Boyle as a character named Joe.

neg: Crazy Love (Van Morrison song) "Crazy Love" is a romantic ballad written by Northern Irish singer-songwriter Van Morrison and included on his 1970 album, "Moondance". The song was originally released as the B-side to "Come Running" in May 1970 before it was released as a single in the Netherlands, "Come Running" as the B-side. The cover of the single shows Morrison with his then-wife, Janet "Planet" Rigsbee. The photograph was taken by Elliot Landy, the official photographer of the 1969 Woodstock festival.

neg: Reckless (1984 film) Reckless is a 1984 American romantic drama film starring Aidan Quinn and Daryl Hannah. The film was directed by James Foley and written by Chris Columbus, in their directing and screenwriting debuts respectively. The film's soundtrack included music by Kim Wilde, INXS, Romeo Void, Bob Seger and Thomas Newman. It was shot in the Appalachian Mountains and Rust Belt of Steubenville, Ohio, Weirton, West Virginia and Mingo Junction, Ohio. The film was rated R in the United States.

neg: Let's Go Crazy (film) Let's Go Crazy is a 1951 comedy film marking an early appearance of Spike Milligan and Peter Sellers playing multiple roles.

neg: First Love (1941 film) First Love (Italian:Primo amore) is a 1941 Italian comedy film directed by Carmine Gallone and starring Leonardo Cortese, Vivi Gioi and Luigi Almirante. It was made at the Cinecittà in Rome.

neg: Crazy (K.Maro song) "Crazy" is a 2004 song recorded by the francophone rapper Cyril Kamar, better known by the name of K.Maro. The song was released as the second single from his debut album "La Good Life", on September 28, 2004. The song had a lot of popularity in UK, France, Belgium, Switzerland, Russia and other European countries.

neg: Pensiero d'amore Pensiero d'amore (Italian for "Thought of love") is a 1969 Italian musicarello film directed by Mario Amendola and starring Mal and Silvia Dionisio.

neg: Love and Anarchy Love and Anarchy (Italian: "Film d'amore e d'anarchia, ovvero: stamattina alle 10, in via dei Fiori, nella nota casa di tolleranza..." ) is a 1973 film directed by Lina Wertmüller and starring Giancarlo Giannini and Mariangela Melato. The story, set in Fascist Italy before the outbreak of World War II, centers on Giannini's character, an anarchist who stays in a brothel while preparing to assassinate Benito Mussolini. Giannini's character falls in love with one of the women working in the brothel. This film explores the depths of his emotions concerning love, his hate for fascism, and his fears of being killed while assassinating Mussolini.

neg: Punk Love Punk Love is a 2006 independent film focusing on a romance between two people haunted by abuse and addiction. "Punk Love" was directed and written by Nick Lyon, and stars Chad Lindberg and Emma Bing.

neg: Love 101 Love 101 is a 2000 comedy film that was directed by Adrian Fulle. The movie first released to theaters on February 14, 2000 and stars Michael Muhney and Jeff Anderson as two college students that find their friendship threatened by the introduction of a new girl.

neg: Portrait of My Love "Portrait of My Love" is a song written by Norman Newell and Cyril Ornadel, which was a hit for several artists in the 1960s.

neg: Crazy Love (Allman Brothers song) "Crazy Love" is a song by the American rock band the Allman Brothers Band. It was the lead single from their sixth studio album, "Enlightened Rogues" (1979), released on Capricorn Records.

neg: Mourir d'aimer Mourir d'aimer (To Die of Love; Italian: Morire d'amore ; English title To Die of Love) is a 1971 Franco-Italian film drama directed by André Cayatte. It is based on the true story of Gabrielle Russier.

neg: Crazy Desire Crazy Desire (originally titled as La voglia matta, also known as "The Crazy Urge") is a 1962 Italian comedy film directed by Luciano Salce. It launched the film career of Catherine Spaak. The film was initially banned by the Italian censors and then cut in some parts before being released with a ban for persons under 14 years.

neg: Crazy in Love (disambiguation) "Crazy in Love" is a 2003 song by Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z.

neg: Mozart and the Whale Mozart and the Whale (released as Crazy in Love in some parts of Europe) is a 2005 romantic comedy-drama film starring Josh Hartnett and Radha Mitchell, and directed by Petter Næss.

neg: Un amore perfetto Un amore perfetto is a 2002 Italian romantic comedy film directed by Valerio Andrei. It stars Cesare Cremonini, who at the time of the film's release was the lead singer of the popular Italian music group Lùnapop; Martina Stella, then an emerging star following her debut performance in the 2001 film "L'ultimo bacio"; and Denis Fasolo.


query: Which one is a private college, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology or Boise State University?

pos: Boise State University Boise State University (BSU) is a public college in Boise, Idaho. Founded in 1932 by the Episcopal Church, it became an independent junior college in 1934, and has been awarding baccalaureate and master's degrees since 1965.

pos: Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology Rose–Hulman Institute of Technology (abbreviated RHIT), formerly Rose Polytechnic Institute, is a small private college specializing in teaching engineering, mathematics and science. Its 200 acre campus is located in Terre Haute, Indiana.

neg: Aakers Business College Aakers College was a private two-year college with campuses in Grand Forks, North Dakota, Fargo, North Dakota and Bismarck, North Dakota. In 2007, it merged with Rasmussen College and is now known as Rasmussen College. The school offers associate degrees and bachelor's degrees in several fields.

neg: Boise State–Idaho football rivalry The Boise State–Idaho football rivalry is a college football rivalry between the Broncos of Boise State University and Vandals of the University of Idaho in Moscow, the only two Division I FBS programs in the state of Idaho. The game was played annually 1971–2010, and with the exception of the 2001–04 games, the rivalry was a conference game (Big Sky 1971–95, Big West 1996–2000, and WAC 2005–10). Boise State moved from the WAC to the Mountain West Conference in 2011 and the rivalry went on hiatus, with no future games currently scheduled.

neg: List of Baldwin Wallace University people This is a list of notable individuals who have or had an association with Baldwin Wallace University, located in Berea, Ohio. Baldwin Wallace University is a private college that enjoys a long and rich affiliation with the United Methodist Church. This includes faculty, alumni and staff. The college is located in the greater Cleveland, Ohio area in the United States. The College and town of Berea were founded by Methodist settlers from Connecticut.

neg: Berry College Berry College is a private, four-year liberal arts college with a Christian emphasis located in Mount Berry, Floyd County, Georgia, United States, just north of Rome. It is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS). Berry was founded in 1902 by Martha Berry. With 27000 acre , Berry College boasts the largest contiguous campus in the world. College leaders from across the country chose Berry College as the nation's number one "Up-And-Coming" liberal arts college, according to the 2014 "U.S. News" Best Colleges rankings released September 10, 2013.

neg: Oregon Graduate Center The Oregon Graduate Center was a unique, private, postgraduate-only research university in Washington County, Oregon, on the west side of Portland, from 1963 to 2001. The Center was renamed the Oregon Graduate Institute in 1989. The Institute merged with the state medical college in 2001, and became the OGI School of Science and Engineering within the medical college. The School was discontinued in 2008 and its campus in 2014. Demolition of the campus buildings began February 2017.

neg: Mount Ida College Mount Ida College is a private college in Newton, Massachusetts offering professional undergraduate and graduate degrees.

neg: Dusty Kline Morris "Dusty" Kline was an American football coach. He served as the first head football coach at Boise Junior College—now Boise State University—coaching one season in 1933 and compiling a record of 1–2–1. In 1929, Kline was coaching football at Rupert High School in Rupert, Idaho.

neg: Utah State University Utah State University (also referred to as USU or Utah State) is a public doctorate-granting university in Logan, Utah, United States. The coeducational, space-grant, land-grant, research university is accredited by the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities. With nearly 18,000 students living on or near campus, USU is Utah's largest public residential campus. As of Fall 2016, there were 28,118 students enrolled including 24,838 undergraduate students and 3,280 graduate students. The university has the highest percentage of out-of-state students of any public university in Utah totaling 23% of the student body.

neg: Platt College (San Diego) Platt College San Diego is a private college in San Diego, California. Platt College is accredited by the Accrediting Commission of Career Schools and Colleges and offers degrees from Associates to Bachelor of Science for the Media Arts.

neg: Bridgerland Applied Technology College Bridgerland Applied Technology College is a post-secondary educational institution located in Logan, Utah. It is a campus of the Utah College of Applied Technology system, and provides several courses designed to train students interested in a particular career field. The main campuses are located in Logan, with two satellite campuses: the Brigham City campus, located in Box Elder County; and the Rich County campus, located in Woodruff, Utah.

neg: 2009 Boise State Broncos football team The 2009 Boise State Broncos football team represented Boise State University in the 2009 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Broncos played their home games at Bronco Stadium, most famous for its blue artificial turf surface, often referred to as the "smurf-turf". They completed the regular season undefeated (13–0), their second consecutive unbeaten regular season and fourth in the last six years (2004, 2006, 2008, 2009), and won the WAC title for the seventh time in the last eight years. The Broncos capped their season with a showdown against fellow unbeaten TCU in the 2010 Fiesta Bowl, which marked the Broncos' return to the site of the game that put the program on the national sports map, the 2007 Fiesta Bowl. With their 17–10 win, the Broncos avenged a loss to the Horned Frogs in the previous season's Poinsettia Bowl, and became only the second team in Division I FBS history to finish a season 14–0, after Ohio State in 2002 (Alabama became the third team to go 14–0 just three days after the Fiesta Bowl). The Broncos finished ranked #4 in the Associated Press and USA Today coaches poll for their highest ranking in school history to finish a season.

neg: California State University, San Bernardino California State University, San Bernardino, (also known as Cal State San Bernardino or CSUSB), is a public university and one of the 23 general campuses of the California State University system. The main campus sits on 441 acre in the University District of San Bernardino, California, United States, with a branch campus of 40 acre in Palm Desert, California, opened in 1986. In 2013, California State University, San Bernardino was named a 2014 Best College in the Western Region by The Princeton Review for the tenth consecutive year, ranking CSUSB among the top 25 percent of universities across the nation. Back in 2011, California State University, San Bernardino’s Jack H. Brown College of Business and Public Administration was recognized by "European CEO Magazine" as one of the top 20 schools of business in the world and one of the world's 18 most innovative business schools.

neg: Lane College Lane College is a small, private, co-educational, historically black college associated with the Christian Methodist Episcopal Church, located in Jackson, Tennessee, just northeast of the downtown area. It is a liberal arts institution that with Associate and baccalaureate degrees in the Arts and Sciences. The College admits people regardless of color, sex, religion, or national origin.

neg: List of Brigham Young University–Idaho alumni This list of Brigham Young University alumni includes notable graduates, non-graduate former students, and current students of Brigham Young University–Idaho (also known as BYU–Idaho or BYU–I), a four-year private college owned by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) located in Rexburg, Idaho, United States that prior to 2001 was a two-year junior college known as Ricks College. As of August 2008, BYU–Idaho/Ricks College has approximately 150,000 alumni. Many of the alumni, in particular those before 2001, graduated with a two-year associate's degree or simply attended two years before moving on to another institution to complete their bachelor's degree.

neg: Ada County, Idaho Ada County is a county in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2010 Census, the county had a population of 392,365, making it the most populous county in Idaho. The county seat and largest city is Boise, which is also the state capital.

neg: List of companies based in Idaho This is a list of companies based in Idaho. Idaho is a state in the northwestern region of the United States. It is the 14th largest, the 39th most populous, and the 7th least densely populated of the 50 United States. The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Idaho was 1,654,930 as of July 1, 2015, up from 1,595,728 on July 1, 2012, a 1.8% increase since 2010. The state's largest city and capital is Boise. Today, the largest industry in Idaho is the science and technology sector. It accounts for over 25% of the state's total revenue and over 70% of the state's exports. Idaho's industrial economy is growing, with high-tech products leading the way. Idaho is an important agricultural state, producing nearly one-third of the potatoes grown in the United States.

neg: Boise City Council The Boise City Council is the governing body of the City of Boise, Idaho. The council is composed of six members elected at-large for four-year terms. Three of the six seats are elected in November every odd-numbered year.

neg: Mount St. Mary's University (Los Angeles) Mount Saint Mary's University (known as Mount St. Mary's College until January 2015) is a private, independent, Catholic liberal arts college, primarily for women, in Los Angeles, California, United States. The college was founded in 1925 by the Sisters of St. Joseph of Carondelet, and today has two campuses, which are just over 16 mi apart: Chalon in Brentwood and Doheny in North University Park, near Downtown Los Angeles.

neg: KBSQ KBSQ (90.7 FM) is a radio station licensed to McCall, Idaho. The station is owned by Boise State University, and is an affiliate of Boise State Public Radio's "News" network.

neg: 2015 Boise State Broncos football team The 2015 Boise State Broncos football team represented Boise State University during the 2015 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Broncos were led by second-year head coach Bryan Harsin and played their home games at Albertsons Stadium. They were members of the Mountain West Conference in the Mountain Division. They finished the season 9–4, 5–3 in Mountain West play to finish in a four-way tie for second place in the Mountain Division. They were invited to the Poinsettia Bowl where they defeated Northern Illinois.


query: The person who the film "The Chosen" is based on the murder of was born on what date?

pos: The Chosen (2016 film) The Chosen (Spanish: "El elegido" ) is a 2016 film written and directed by Antonio Chavarrías. The film stars Hannah Murray, Alfonso Herrera, Julian Sands and Henry Goodman. The movie was filmed in Coyoacán, Mexico and Barcelona, Spain, and its release was scheduled for the first part of 2016. The film is based on the murder of Leon Trotsky in 1940.

pos: Leon Trotsky Leon Trotsky ( ;; also transliterated "Lyev", "Trotski", "Trotskij", "Trockij" and "Trotzky". born Lev Davidovich Bronstein; 7 November 1879 – 21 August 1940) was a Marxist revolutionary, theorist, and Soviet politician. Initially supporting the Menshevik Internationalists faction within the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, he joined the Bolsheviks ("majority") just before the 1917 October Revolution, immediately becoming a leader within the Communist Party. He would go on to become one of the seven members of the first Politburo, founded in 1917 to manage the Bolshevik Revolution. During the early days of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) and the Soviet Union, he served first as People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs and later as the founder and commander of the Red Army, with the title of People's Commissar of Military and Naval Affairs. He became a major figure in the Bolshevik victory in the Russian Civil War (1918–1923).

neg: Murder of David Reed David Wellington Reed (17 January 1972 – 21 August 1985) was a 13-year-old boy in the seventh grade at Schuylkill Haven Area Middle School, who was murdered in 1985 by then 20-year-old Joseph "Joe" Geiger in Schuylkill Haven, Pennsylvania, United States over Geiger's stolen illegally grown cannabis plants. Geiger blamed Reed for the disappearance of the drug. Friends, family, and teachers remember Reed as an outgoing person who aspired to fly.

neg: Mark Twitchell Mark Andrew Twitchell (born July 4, 1979) is a Canadian convicted of first degree murder in 2011 for killing John Brian "Johnny" Altinger. His trial attracted substantial media attention because he was inspired by the Dexter Morgan character, featured in Jeff Lindsay novels and the "Dexter" television series, a serial killer who works as a forensic bloodstain pattern analyst for the fictional Miami Metro Police Department.

neg: Roger Rogerson Roger Caleb Rogerson (born 3 January 1941) is a former detective-sergeant of the New South Wales Police Force and a convicted murderer.

neg: Howard Unruh Howard Barton Unruh (January 21, 1921 – October 19, 2009) was an American mass murderer (sometimes classified as a spree killer) who killed 13 people (including three children) during a 12-minute walk through his neighborhood on September 6, 1949, in Camden, New Jersey, when he was 28 years old. The incident became known as the "Walk of Death". Unruh was found to be criminally insane, and died in 2009 after a lengthy illness at the age of 88, following 60 years of confinement.

neg: Antoinette Frank Antoinette Renee Frank (born April 30, 1971) is a former New Orleans police officer, convicted of the murder of three people.

neg: Richard Laurence Marquette Richard Lawrence Marquette (also known as Dick Marquette; born December 12, 1934) is an American convicted murderer. Marquette was a serial killer who killed three women, drained their blood, mutilated and dismembered their bodies and scattered their remains. He was the first person ever to be added as an eleventh name on the FBI Ten Most Wanted List, in connection with the 1961 murder of Joan Caudle in Portland, Oregon. He has been incarcerated at the Oregon State Penitentiary since June 1975.

neg: Murder of Jacqueline Thomas Jacqueline Mary Thomas (1945 or 1946 – 18 August 1961) was a 15-year-old biscuit factory worker from Alum Rock, Birmingham, England who was sexually assaulted and strangled after disappearing on 18 August 1961. Her body was discovered a week later close to her home, and the murder sparked a manhunt involving several hundred police officers. A suspect was identified at the time, but there was insufficient evidence to charge him, and the crime remained unsolved for over four decades until a cold case review in the 2000s. In 2007, 70-year-old Anthony Hall – already serving a life sentence for the murder of another teenager – was charged with Thomas's murder. However, a judge subsequently ruled the charge should be stayed owing to the length of time that had passed since the incident. Hall subsequently died in prison.

neg: Leonard Peltier Leonard Peltier (born September 12, 1944) is a Native American activist, a citizen of the Anishinabe & Dakota/Lakota Nations, and member of the American Indian Movement (AIM). In 1977, he was convicted and sentenced to two consecutive terms of life imprisonment for first-degree murder in the shooting of two Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agents during a 1975 conflict on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation.

neg: Robert Glen Coe Robert Glen Coe (April 15, 1956 – April 19, 2000), born in Hickman, Kentucky, was convicted of the 1979 rape and murder of eight-year-old Cary Ann Medlin, and later executed for the crime.

neg: Jake Bird Jake Bird (December 14, 1901 – July 15, 1949) was an American convicted murderer and self-confessed serial killer who was tried and executed for the axe murders of Bertha Kludt (age 53) and her daughter Beverly June Kludt (17) in Tacoma, Washington on October 30, 1947. Bird may have killed as many as 46 people.

neg: Priscilla Ford Priscilla Joyce Ford (February 10, 1929 – January 29, 2005) was a mass murderer who was sentenced to death after driving her Lincoln Continental down a sidewalk in Reno, Nevada on Thanksgiving Day in 1980. The attack killed six people and injured 23 more. She had schizophrenia. Ford launched numerous appeals against her death sentence, all of which failed. A heavy smoker, she died at the age of 75 after suffering from emphysema.

neg: Nelson Serrano Nelson Iván Serrano Sáenz (born September 15, 1938) is a former Ecuadorian businessman and a naturalized American citizen (since 1971) who was convicted of murdering Frank Dosso, Diane Patisso, George Patisso, and George Gonsalves in the town of Bartow, Polk County, Florida, on December 3, 1997. The jury pronounced him guilty and recommended the death penalty for Serrano in October 2006 after he was convicted of the murders. On June 26, 2007, Judge Susan Roberts sentenced him to death by lethal injection for each of these crimes.

neg: Kenneth Biros Kenneth Biros (June 24, 1958 – December 8, 2009) was an American convicted murderer who was sentenced to death and executed for the aggravated murder, attempted rape, aggravated robbery and felonious sexual penetration of a young woman. Biros was the first condemned person to be executed by lethal injection in the United States with the use of a single drug, setting a Guinness World Record.

neg: Murder of Teresa Cormack Teresa Maida Cormack (18 June 1981 – 19 June 1987) was a six-year-old New Zealand murder victim from Napier, New Zealand. After fifteen years, advances in genetic analysis led to conviction of Jules Mikus (born September 28, 1958) for the crime. He had been identified as a potential suspect early in the investigation, but had offered an alibi that was accepted at the time.

neg: Murder of Lieth Von Stein Lieth Peter Von Stein (March 16, 1946 – July 25, 1988) was an American businessman whose murder launched a high-profile trial in North Carolina. The case became the subject of two books and two television movies.

neg: Joseph Kallinger Joseph Kallinger (December 11, 1935 – March 26, 1996) was an American serial killer who murdered three people, including his teenage son, and tortured four families. He committed these crimes with his 15-year-old son Michael.

neg: Charles Andrew Williams Charles Andrew "Andy" Williams (born February 8, 1986) is a convicted murderer who, as a 15-year-old, perpetrated the shooting at Santana High School on March 5, 2001. In the shooting, two students were killed and 13 others were wounded. Williams is currently serving life in prison with the possibility of parole after 50 years.

neg: Kevin Foster (murderer) Kevin Donald Foster (born Kevin Donald Bates; June 16, 1977) is an American murderer.

neg: Arthur Hutchinson (murderer) Arthur Hutchinson (born 19 February 1941) is an English convicted triple murderer.

neg: Mary Brunner Mary Theresa Brunner (born December 17, 1943) is a former member of the "Manson Family" who was present during the 1969 murder of Gary Allen Hinman, a California musician and UCLA Ph.D. candidate in sociology. Brunner was subsequently arrested for numerous offenses, including credit card theft and armed robbery, and served a prison sentence at the California Institute for Women.


query: Who formulated the principle that involves the country that is hostile to "mainlanders"?

pos: Hong Kong–Mainland China conflict Tensions between people from Hong Kong and mainland China have developed since the handover of Hong Kong's sovereignty to China in 1997, and in particular since the late 2000s and early 2010s. Various factors have contributed to the development of such tensions: these include a difference between the popular interpretation in Hong Kong of the "One country, two systems" constitutional principle as against the Chinese government's official interpretation; policies of the Hong Kong and central governments to encourage mainland visitors to Hong Kong; and changing economic environments in Hong Kong and mainland China. Increasingly, these tensions have resulted in a rising sentiment in Hong Kong of hostility to "mainlanders" and resentment at a perceived trend towards assimilation and interference from the mainland and the central government, and at the same time a rising sentiment in mainland China of bewilderment and resentment at assertions that Hong Kong is, and should remain, different from the mainland in terms of political system, culture and language.

pos: One country, two systems "One country, two systems" is a constitutional principle formulated by Deng Xiaoping, the Paramount Leader of the People's Republic of China (PRC), for the reunification of China during the early 1980s. He suggested that there would be only one China, but distinct Chinese regions such as Hong Kong and Macau could retain their own capitalist economic and political systems, while the rest of China uses the socialist system. Under the principle, each of the two regions could continue to have its own political system, legal, economic and financial affairs, including external relations with foreign countries.

neg: Reterritorialization Reterritorialization (French: "reterritorialisation" ) is the restructuring of a place or territory that has experienced deterritorialization. Deterritorialization is a term created by Deleuze and Guattari in their philosophical project "Capitalism and Schizophrenia" (1972–1980). They distinguished that relative deterritorialization is always accompanied by reterritorialization. It is the design of the new power. For example, when the Spanish (Hernán Cortés) conquered the Aztecs, and after the Spanish deterritorialized by eliminating the symbols of the Aztecs' beliefs and rituals, the Spanish then reterritorialized by putting up their own beliefs and rituals. This form of propaganda established their takeover of the land. Propaganda is an attempt to reterritorialize by influencing people's ideas through information distributed on a large scale. For example, during World War I, the U.S. put up posters everywhere to encourage young men to join the military and fight.

neg: Internationalism (politics) Internationalism is a political principle which transcends nationalism and advocates a greater political or economic cooperation among nations and people.

neg: Russo-American Treaty of 1824 The Russo-American Treaty of 1824 (also known as the Convention Between the United States of America and His Majesty the Emperor of All the Russias, Relative to Navigating, Fishing, Etc., in the Pacific Ocean) was signed in St. Petersburg between representatives of Russia and the United States on April 17, 1824, ratified by both nations on January 11, 1825 and went into effect on January 12, 1825. The accord contained six articles. It gave Russian claims on the Pacific Northwest coast of North America south of parallel 54°40′ north over what Americans had known as the Oregon Country to the United States.

neg: ABCD line The ABCD line (ABCDライン , Ēbīshīdī rain ) was a Japanese name for a series of embargoes against Japan by foreign nations, including America, Britain, China, and the Dutch. It was also known as the ABCD encirclement (ABCD包囲陣 , Ēbīshīdī hōijin ) . In 1940, in an effort to discourage Japanese militarism, these Western powers and others stopped selling iron ore, steel and oil to Japan, denying it the raw materials needed to continue its activities in China and French Indochina. In Japan, the government and nationalists viewed these embargoes as acts of aggression; imported oil made up about 80% of domestic consumption, without which Japan's economy, let alone its military, would grind to a halt. The Japanese media, influenced by military propagandists, began to refer to the embargoes as the "ABCD ("American-British-Chinese-Dutch") encirclement" or "ABCD line".

neg: Mainland Affairs Council The Mainland Affairs Council (MAC) is a cabinet-level administrative agency under the Executive Yuan of the Republic of China. The MAC is responsible for the planning, development, and implementation of policies between the Republic of China on Taiwan and the People's Republic of China which administers mainland China, Hong Kong and Macau. The MAC counterpart body by the PRC is the Taiwan Affairs Office. Both states officially claim each other's territory, however the Republic of China controls only Taiwan and surrounding islands, and therefore is usually known as "Taiwan", sometimes referred to as the "Free Area" of the Republic of China by the Constitution of the Republic of China. The People's Republic of China controls mainland China as well as Hong Kong, Macau, Hainan, and other islands and is therefore usually known simply as "China".

neg: Blockade of Africa The Blockade of Africa began in 1808 after Britain outlawed the Atlantic slave trade, making it illegal for British ships to transport slaves. The Royal Navy immediately established a presence off Africa to enforce the ban, called the West Africa Squadron. Although the ban initially applied only to British ships, Britain negotiated treaties with other countries to give the Royal Navy the right to intercept and search their ships for slaves. A notable exception was the United States, which refused such permission. The 1807 Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves technically abolished the intercontinental slave trade in the United States but the ban was not widely enforced and many of the slave ships which escaped the blockade were destined for the southern United States.

neg: Actus reus Actus reus ( ), sometimes called the external element or the objective element of a crime, is the Latin term for the "guilty act" which, when proved beyond a reasonable doubt in combination with the "mens rea", "guilty mind", produces criminal liability in the common law-based criminal law jurisdictions of England and Wales, Canada, Australia, India, Pakistan, South Africa, New Zealand, Scotland, Nigeria, Ghana, Ireland, Israel and the United States of America. In the United States of America, some crimes also require proof of an attendant circumstance.

neg: Nonresistance Nonresistance (or non-resistance) is "the practice or principle of not resisting authority, even when it is unjustly exercised". At its core is discouragement of, even opposition to, physical resistance to an enemy. It is considered as a form of principled nonviolence or pacifism which rejects all physical violence, whether exercised on individual, group, state or international levels. Practitioners of nonresistance may refuse to retaliate against an opponent or offer any form of self-defense. Nonresistance is often associated with particular religious groups.

neg: Nine-Power Treaty The Nine-Power Treaty (九カ国条約 , Kyūkakoku Jōyaku ) or Nine Power Agreement () was a 1922 treaty affirming the sovereignty and territorial integrity of China as per the Open Door Policy. This was after the Suzerainty system fell apart after the Western invasions of the Opium Wars, that outlawed the Chinese "Closed Door Policy" into China of the former Imperial Qing dynasty.

neg: Cordon sanitaire Cordon sanitaire (] ) is a French phrase that, literally translated, means "sanitary cordon". It originally denoted a barrier implemented to stop the spread of infectious diseases. It may be used interchangeably with the term "quarantine", and although the terms are related, "cordon sanitaire" refers to the restriction of movement of people within a defined geographic area, such as a community. The term is also often used metaphorically, in English, to refer to attempts to prevent the spread of an ideology deemed unwanted or dangerous, such as the containment policy adopted by George F. Kennan against the Soviet Union.

neg: Non-aggression principle The non-aggression principle (or NAP; also called the non-aggression axiom, the anti-coercion, zero aggression principle or non-initiation of force) is an ethical stance which asserts that "aggression" is inherently illegitimate. "Aggression", for the purposes of NAP, is defined as initiating or threatening the use of any and all forcible interference with an individual or individual's property. In contrast to pacifism, the non-aggression principle does not preclude forceful self-defence. The NAP is considered to be a defining principle of natural-rights libertarianism.

neg: Spratly Islands dispute The Spratly Islands dispute is an ongoing territorial dispute between the People's Republic of China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam, concerning "ownership" of the Spratly Islands, a group of islands and associated "maritime features" (reefs, banks, cays, etc.) located in the South China Sea. The dispute is characterised by diplomatic stalemate and the employment of military pressure techniques (such as military occupation of disputed territory) in the advancement of national territorial claims. All except Brunei occupy some of the maritime features.

neg: Gentlemen's Agreement of 1907 The Gentlemen's Agreement of 1907 (日米紳士協約 , Nichibei Shinshi Kyōyaku ) was an informal agreement between the United States and the Empire of Japan whereby the United States of America would not impose restriction on Japanese immigration, and Japan would not allow further emigration to the U.S. The goal was to reduce tensions between the two powerful Pacific nations. The agreement was never ratified by Congress, and was ended by the Immigration Act of 1924.

neg: Anti-nationalism Anti-nationalism denotes the sentiments associated with an opposition to nationalism. Some anti-nationalists are humanitarians or humanists who pursue an idealist view of world community, and self-identify as world citizens. They often oppose chauvinism, jingoism and militarism, and desire peace rather than perpetual conflict, which they claim can be rooted in nationalism. The imposition of nationalism as a belief or identity system, particularly when in conflict with more established and self-sustaining identity choices, often based on freely chosen religious or cultural beliefs and practices can be understood to undermine the legitimacy of territory-based nationalism. Various forms of internationalism propose alternatives. They do not all necessarily oppose the concepts of countries, nation states, national boundaries, cultural preservation, and identity politics; for example, present-day multilateralism does not, whereas proletarian internationalism and various kinds of cosmopolitanism explicitly do so.

neg: Geopolitik Geopolitik is the branch of uniquely German geostrategy. It developed as a distinct strain of thought after Otto von Bismarck's unification of the German states but began its development in earnest only under Emperor Wilhelm II. Central concepts concerning the German race regarding economic space demonstrate continuity from the German Empire to Adolf Hitler's Third Reich. However, imperial geostrategist, German geopoliticians, and Nazi strategists did not have extensive contacts with one another, suggesting that German geopolitik was not copied or passed on to successive generations but perhaps reflected the more permanent aspects of German geography, political geography, and cultural geography.

neg: Geneva Agreement (1966) The Geneva Agreement, signed in Geneva, Switzerland, on 17 February 1966, was established to resolve the disagreement between Venezuela and the United Kingdom regarding the border between Venezuela and British Guiana. The agreement's official title is the "Agreement to Resolve the Controversy over the Frontier between Venezuela and British Guiana" but is more commonly called the Geneva Agreement. It is a treaty signed by representatives of Venezuela and the United Kingdom, as well as the Prime Minister of British Guiana, in which the steps for resolution of the border controversy were detailed. The disagreement originated in Venezuela's contention that the "Arbitral Award of 1899 about the frontier between British Guiana and Venezuela is null and void", followed by Venezuela declaring ownership of a large portion of Guyana's territory.

neg: Asian immigration to the United States Asian immigration to the United States refers to immigration to the United States from throughout the continent of Asia, including East Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, Central Asia, and the Middle East. Asian-origin populations have historically been in the territory that would become the United States since the 16th century. A first major wave of Asian immigration occurred in the late 19th century, primarily in Hawaii and the West Coast. Asian Americans experienced exclusion by law from the United States between 1880 and 1965, and were largely prohibited from naturalization until the 1940s. Since the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, a new wave of new immigrants to the United States in 2010 were from Asia.

neg: Olney Proclamation The Olney Proclamation was a statement by United States Secretary of State Richard Olney in 1895 that "the United States is practically sovereign on this continent, and its fiat is law upon the subjects to which it confines its interposition." The statement reinforced the original purpose of the Monroe Doctrine, that the U.S. had the right to intervene in its own hemisphere and foreshadowed the events of the Spanish–American War three years later.

neg: Four Cardinal Principles The Four Cardinal Principles () were stated by Deng Xiaoping in 1979 and are the four issues for which debate was not allowed within the People's Republic of China. These are:

neg: White Australia policy The term White Australia policy comprises various historical policies that effectively barred people of non-European descent from immigrating to Australia. There was never any specific policy titled such, but the term was invented later to describe a collection of policies that were designed to exclude people from Asia (particularly China) and the Pacific Islands (particularly Melanesia). These policies were progressively dismantled between 1949 and 1973.


query: In what northern country was the Battle of Champions fought between Ackergill Tower and Girnigoe Castle?

pos: Battle of Champions The Battle of Champions was a trial by combat fought in 1478 or 1464 between two Scottish clans, Clan Gunn and Clan Keith. It took place at the chapel of St Tears (St Tayre) on the coast north of Wick in Caithness, between Ackergill Tower and Girnigoe Castle. It was arranged to settle a dispute with a battle between twelve men on horseback on either side. However, the Keiths arrived with two men on each of their twelve horses, and massacred the 12 Gunns. The clans finally signed a treaty of friendship in 1978, ending the feud after 500 years.

pos: Ackergill Tower Ackergill Tower (or Ackergill Castle) is located north of Wick, Caithness, in northern Scotland. It was built in the early 16th century, and is a category A listed building. Ackergill is currently operated as an events and wedding venue by AmaZing Venues.

neg: Castlereagh (County Down barony) Castlereagh (from Irish: "An Caisleán Riabhach" , meaning "the grey castle" ,) is the name of a former barony in County Down, present-day Northern Ireland. It spanned the north-eastern area of the county bordering the baronies of: Ards to the east; Belfast to the north; Iveagh to the west south; and Dufferin, Kinelarty, and Lecale to the south. By 1841 the barony was divided into Castlereagh Lower and Castlereagh Upper.

neg: Ashintully Castle Ashintully Castle, located near Kirkmichael, north of Blairgowrie, in the county of Perthshire Scotland, was built in 1583 as a fortified tower house by the Spalding family; the Feudal Barons of Ashintully. The Spalding Barons were chiefs of the Spalding Clan and followers of the Duke of Atholl, the Chief of the Murray Clan. The Spaldings of Ashintully and their cadet branches were Jacobites, or followers of the House of Stuart. The castle is reached from the B950 road to the Northeast of Kirkmichael. The name "Ashintully" is an anglicized spelling of the Gaelic "Eas an Tulaich" and means "cascade of the hillock".

neg: Branxholme Castle Branxholme Castle is a five-storey tower at Branxholme, about 3 miles south-west of Hawick in the Borders region of Scotland.

neg: Battle of Stamford Bridge The Battle of Stamford Bridge took place at the village of Stamford Bridge, East Riding of Yorkshire, in England on 25 September 1066, between an English army under King Harold Godwinson and an invading Norwegian force led by King Harald Hardrada and the English king's brother Tostig Godwinson. After a bloody battle, both Hardrada and Tostig along with most of the Norwegians were killed. Although Harold Godwinson repelled the Norwegian invaders, his army was defeated by the Normans at Hastings less than three weeks later. The battle has traditionally been presented as symbolising the end of the Viking Age, although major Scandinavian campaigns in Britain and Ireland occurred in the following decades, such as those of King Sweyn Estrithson of Denmark in 1069–1070 and King Magnus Barefoot of Norway in 1098 and 1102–1103.

neg: Caithness Caithness (Scottish Gaelic: "Gallaibh" ] , Scots: "Caitnes" ; Old Norse: "Katanes" ) is a historic county, registration county and lieutenancy area of Scotland.

neg: Portglenone Portglenone (from Irish: "Port Chluain Eoghain" , meaning "The Fort of Eoghan's meadow" ) is a village and civil parish in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. It lies 8.5 miles (14 km) west of Ballymena. It had a population of 1,174 people in the 2011 Census. Portglenone is beside the smaller village of Glenone (in County Londonderry), from which it is separated by the River Bann.

neg: Tinnakill Castle Tinnakill Castle (Irish: "Tigh na Coille" , English: House of the Wood ), also known as Tynekill, is a ruined castle in the parish of Coolbanagher, in the Barony of Portnahinch, County Laois, Leinster, Ireland. The castle was built in c.1450 by Eoin Carragh MacDonnell (John the scabbed), on the site of a previous castle.

neg: Battle of Áth an Chip The Battle of Áth-an-Chip was a battle fought in 1270 between armies of the Kingdoms of Connacht and England at county Leitrim in Ireland. The result was a decisive Irish victory. The battle site was probably Drumhierney townland near Battle-bridge at Leitrim village.

neg: Battle of Flodden The Battle of Flodden or Flodden Field, or occasionally Battle of Branxton (Brainston Moor), was part of a conflict between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland. The battle was fought in Branxton in the county of Northumberland in northern England on 9 September 1513, between an invading Scots army under King James IV and an English army commanded by Queen Catherine of Aragon. It was a decisive English victory. In terms of troop numbers, it was the largest battle fought between the two kingdoms. James IV was killed in the battle, becoming the last monarch from the island of Britain to suffer such a death.

neg: Athenry Athenry ( ; Irish: "Baile Átha an Rí" , meaning "Town of the Ford of the King" ) is a town in County Galway, Ireland, which lies 25 km east of Galway city. Some of the attractions of the medieval town are its town wall, Athenry Castle, its priory and its 13th century Anglo-Norman street-plan. The town is also well known by virtue of the song "The Fields of Athenry".

neg: Jordan's Castle Jordan's Castle (Irish: "Caisleán MacSiurtain" ; Ulster Scots: "Joardan's Kessel") is a castle situated in Ardglass, County Down, Northern Ireland. The tower house known as Jordan's Castle is a State Care Historic Monument sited in the townland of Ardglass, in Down District Council area, at grid ref: J5601 3713. It stands close to the junction of Kildare and Quay Streets in Ardglass and commands the harbour.

neg: Newcastle, South Dublin Newcastle (Irish: "An Caisleán Nua" ) is a village in south-west South Dublin, Ireland. It is also a civil parish in the barony of the same name. It was the location of the castle of the barony, which in historical and official documents is described as Newcastle-Lyons. The area is still primarily rural in nature.

neg: Battle of Carrickfergus (1597) The north-east of Ulster was much fought over during the 16th century. Carrickfergus itself had been the base for a failed English attempt to colonise that corner of the province in the 1570s, but in the following decades the English influence gave way to the MacDonnells under the leadership of Sorley Boy.

neg: Ballycastle Castle Ballycastle Castle was a castle located at Ballycastle in County Antrim in Northern Ireland.

neg: Skelmorlie Castle Skelmorlie Castle stands on the eastern shore of the Firth of Clyde, Scotland, at the north-western corner of the county of Ayrshire. The structure dates from 1502, and was formerly the seat and stronghold of the Montgomery Clan. The modern village of Skelmorlie lies to the north of the castle.

neg: Thoor Ballylee Thoor Ballylee Castle (Irish "Túr Bhaile Uí Laí") is a fortified, 15th (or 16th) century Hiberno-Norman tower house built by the septs de Burgo, or Burke, near the town of Gort in County Galway, Ireland. It is also known as "Yeats' Tower" because it was once owned and inhabited by the poet William Butler Yeats.

neg: Donegal Castle Donegal Castle (Irish: "Caisleán Dhún na nGall" ) is a castle situated in the centre of Donegal Town in County Donegal in Ulster, Ireland. For most of the last two centuries, the majority of the buildings lay in ruins but the castle was almost fully restored in the early 1990s.

neg: Cairnburgh Castle Cairnburgh Castle is a ruined castle that is located on the islands of Cairn na Burgh Mòr and Cairn na Burgh Beag, Argyll and Bute, Scotland. These islands are at the northern extremity of the Treshnish Isles at the mouth of Loch Tuath, Mull north of Iona. 1991's "The Changing Scottish Landscape" characterizes it as "one of the most isolated fortifications in Britain...[and] also one of the strangest."

neg: Battle of Carbisdale The Battle of Carbisdale (also known as "Invercarron") took place close to the Village of Culrain on 27 April 1650 and was part of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. It was fought by the Royalist leader James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose, against the Scottish Government of the time, dominated by Archibald Campbell, 1st Marquess of Argyll and a grouping of radical Covenanters, known as the Kirk Party. The battlefield has been inventoried and protected by Historic Scotland under the Scottish Historical Environment Policy of 2009.

neg: Auchenbathie Tower Auchenbathie, Auchinbathie Tower or rarely Barcraigs Tower is a ruined fortification, a tower house, once held by the Wallace Clan of Elderslie, situated in Renfrewshire, Parish of Lochwinnoch, Scotland. The spelling used varies greatly and "Auchenbathie" will be used here as the standard spelling. The pronunciation locally is "Auchenbothy", the same as a Victorian mansion in Kilmacolm; no connection is known.


query: Who is Gladys Louise Smith's husband, often confused with Charles R. Rogers?

pos: Charles R. Rogers Charles R. Rogers (July 15, 1992 – March 29, 1957), also known as Chas. R. Rogers, was an American film producer whose career spanned both the silent and sound film eras. He should not be confused with Charles "Buddy" Rogers, who was an actor and film producer, as well as being married to Mary Pickford. Rogers began his career on the 1924 silent film, "A Cafe in Cairo", produced by the short-lived Hunt Stromberg Productions. After Stromberg ceased productions in 1925, Rogers would found his own independent company, Charles R. Rogers Productions. He would also produce for major studios such as RKO Radio Pictures, Universal, and United Artists. The pinnacle of his career would be from 1936 to 1938 when he was chosen as the vice-president in charge of production for Universal Pictures. He died as the result of injuries sustained in a car accident in 1957.

pos: Mary Pickford Gladys Louise Smith (April 8, 1892 – May 29, 1979), known professionally as Mary Pickford, was a prolific Canadian-American film actress and producer. She was a co-founder of both the Pickford-Fairbanks Studio (along with Douglas Fairbanks) and, later, the United Artists film studio (with Fairbanks, Charlie Chaplin and D.W. Griffith), and one of the original 36 founders of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences who present the yearly "Oscar" award ceremony.

neg: Charles Galasko Professor Charles Samuel Bernard Galasko ChM, FRCS, FRCSEd, FCMSA(Hon), FFSEM(Ire), FFSEM(UK), FMedSci (born 1939), often cited as Charles S. B. Galasko, is a South African orthopaedic surgeon.

neg: Charles Lee Smith Charles Lee Smith (1887 – 1964) was an atheist, a free-thought activist, a white supremacist and anti-Semite in the United States.

neg: Louise Kerr Hines Louise Kerr Hines (born Louise Lyles Kerr) (born March 15, 1916-April 9, 2007) was an African American Civil Rights activist. In 1945, Hines, along with her father, Dr. T. Henderson Kerr, were plaintiffs in a lawsuit against the Enoch Pratt Free Library for their denial of her application for their library training course.

neg: Carrie Smith Carrie Louise Smith (August 25, 1925 – May 20, 2012) was an American blues and jazz singer. She was not well known in the United States but had a small following in Europe.

neg: Christopher Columbus Rogers Christopher Columbus Rogers (1846–1888) was a controversial and colorful Texan marshal and gunfighter.

neg: Cora Smith Eaton Cora Smith Eaton (1867 – 1939) was an American suffragist, physician and mountaineer.

neg: Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers Fred Astaire (May 10, 1899- June 22, 1987) and Ginger Rogers (July 16, 1911- April 25, 1995) were iconic dance partners who made motion pictures together from 1933–1949. They made a total of 10 movies, 9 with RKO Radio Pictures and one, "The Barkleys of Broadway", with M-G-M, their only color (Technicolor) movie.

neg: Joseph Stephen Crane Joseph Stephen "Steve" Crane (February 7, 1916 – February 6, 1985) was an American actor and restaurateur. A Columbia Pictures actor in the early 1940s, Crane opened the Luau, a popular celebrity restaurant, in 1953 and established a successful 25-year career in the restaurant industry. In addition to his own accomplishments, Crane is often remembered as Lana Turner's ex-husband.

neg: Edith Rogers (Manitoba politician) Edith Rogers (April 26, 1876—April 19, 1947) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. She served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1920 to 1932, as a member of the Manitoba Liberal Party. She was the first woman ever elected to the legislature.

neg: Charles Smith (developer) Charles Emil Smith (March 28, 1901 – December 30, 1995) was a real estate developer and philanthropist in the Washington Metropolitan Area.

neg: Philip Rogers (sailor) Philip Tingley Rogers (February 14, 1908 – June 19, 1961) was a sailor from Canada. He represented his country at the 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles and earned a bronze medal in the 6 metre class.

neg: Gomer Griffith Smith Gomer Griffith Smith (July 11, 1896 – May 26, 1953) was an American politician and a U.S. Representative from Oklahoma.

neg: Robert S. Hughes Robert S. Hughes (died 1900) was the third president of Rogers Locomotive and Machine Works. Before becoming president when Jacob S. Rogers resigned in 1893, he served as the company's treasurer. When Hughes took the reins at Rogers he led the company through a reorganization to emerge as Rogers Locomotive Company; Hughes remained the company president until his death in 1900.

neg: Henry and Roz Rogers Henry C. Rogers and Roz Rogers were American publicists in the entertainment industry.

neg: Howard W. Jones Howard Wilbur Jones, Jr. (December 30, 1910 – July 31, 2015) was an American gynecological surgeon and in vitro fertilization (IVF) specialist. Jones and his wife, Georgeanna Seegar Jones, were two of the earliest reproductive medicine specialists in the United States. They established the reproductive medicine center that was responsible for the birth of the first IVF baby in the U.S. He wrote articles on the beginning of human personhood and testified before legislators on the same subject. He was one of the early physicians to perform sex reassignment surgeries.

neg: Ernest E. Rogers Ernest Elias Rogers (December 6, 1866 – January 28, 1945) was an American politician who was the 61st Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut from 1929 to 1931.

neg: Larry R. Williams Larry Richard Williams (born October 6, 1942) is an American author, stock and commodity trader, and politician from the state of Montana. He is the father of four-time Academy Award and one-time Tony Award nominee actress Michelle Williams.

neg: Al Rogers Al Rogers (born July 24, 1926) is an American Country and Western singer.

neg: Gladys Gale Gladys Gale (January 15, 1891 – October 4, 1948) was an American nightclub singer and vaudeville performer, before becoming a character actress in films during the 1930s and 1940s. The wife of a millionaire, she led a checkered life before dying under mysterious circumstances in a Los Angeles hotel room under an assumed name.

neg: Dorothy Rogers Dorothy Rogers (1882–1952) was a famed creator of miniature needlework carpets exhibited during her lifetime and avidly collected after her death. Rogers began her lifetime obsession in her twenties while building a dollhouse for her young daughter. Her husband, an English army Colonel stationed in India, soon joined her in her craft, and the two spent decades engaged in intensive collaborative research and innovation. Rogers modeled many carpets on existing examples in prominent British collections (exploring Turkish, Shirvan, Caucasian, Daghestan, Hamadan, Khamseh, and Baluchi designs) while providing subtle alterations to existing styles. A number of Rogers' carpets contain personalized and possibly coded inscriptions.


query: Which resort city in the United States, known for its casinos and beaches, hosted the 2005 Skate America event at the Boardwalk Hall?

pos: 2005 Skate America The 2005 Skate America was the first event of six in the 2005–06 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating, a senior-level international invitational competition series. It was held at the Boardwalk Hall in Atlantic City, New Jersey on October 20–23. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. Skaters earned points toward qualifying for the 2005–06 Grand Prix Final. The compulsory dance was the Ravensburger Waltz.

pos: Atlantic City, New Jersey Atlantic City is a resort city in Atlantic County, New Jersey, United States, known for its casinos, boardwalks, and beaches. In 2010, it had a population of 39,558. The city was incorporated on May 1, 1854, from portions of Egg Harbor Township and Galloway Township. It borders Absecon, Brigantine, Pleasantville, Ventnor City, West Atlantic City, and the Atlantic Ocean.

neg: Disney's Paradise Pier Hotel Disney's Paradise Pier Hotel is a resort hotel located at the Disneyland Resort in Anaheim, California, owned by The Walt Disney Company and operated through its Parks and Resorts division. The hotel was originally built and owned by the Tokyu Group, and opened in 1984 as the Emerald of Anaheim. It was renamed Pan Pacific Hotel, Anaheim in 1989 when Tokyu merged its Emerald and Pan Pacific hotel divisions. Disney purchased the hotel from Tokyu in 1995 and renamed it Disneyland Pacific Hotel. The hotel was rebranded as Disney's Paradise Pier Hotel on December 15, 2000, named after the waterfront land in Disney California Adventure Park that the hotel tower overlooks.

neg: Miccosukee Resort & Gaming Miccosukee Resort & Gaming is a resort and casino on the western outskirts of Miami, Florida, off 500 Southwest 177th Avenue on the edge of the Everglades. Located in a 9-story building, it has a colored statue of a young Miccosukee boy outside the front entrance. It has been cited as "one of the most unusual resort destinations in Florida" due to the contrast between the Native American village surroundings and the casino. Established in 1999 at a reported cost of $45 million, it is operated by about 400 members of the Miccosukee Tribe.

neg: Skatepark of Tampa The Skatepark of Tampa is a skatepark in Tampa, Florida, United States. It is considered one of the top skateboarding venues on the East Coast of the United States. The name is often abbreviated as "SPoT", and it is well known for its annual "Tampa Am" and "Tampa Pro" competitions.

neg: Miss America 1990 Miss America 1990, the 63rd Miss America pageant, was held at the Boardwalk Hall in Atlantic City, New Jersey on September 16, 1989 and was televised by the NBC Network.

neg: Tropicana Laughlin Tropicana Laughlin (formerly Ramada Express and Tropicana Express) is a hotel and casino located in Laughlin, Nevada. It is owned and operated by Tropicana Entertainment. The hotel has 1,498 guest rooms and suites, located in both the 12-story Casino Tower and the 24-story Promenade Tower. The casino has 1,050 slot machines and 21 table games. It includes the restaurants: The Steakhouse, Passaggio Italian Gardens, Carnegie's Café, Taqueria Del Rio, Round House Buffet, Poolside Café, Dips & Dogs and Victory Plaza.

neg: Miss America 1941 Miss America 1941, the 15th Miss America pageant, was held at the Boardwalk Hall in Atlantic City, New Jersey on September 6, 1941. Shortly after the crowning of Miss California, Rosemary LaPlanche, who had been first runner-up in 1940, the pageant committee adopted this rule: "No contestant can compete in Atlantic City for the title of Miss America more than once", thus eliminating future state winners with more than one attempt at the national title.

neg: Pinball Hall of Fame The Pinball Hall of Fame is a museum for pinball machines that opened in Paradise, Nevada in January 2006. It is located at 1610 E Tropicana Ave. The museum is a project of the Las Vegas Pinball Collectors Club, and it features pinball machines from all eras, including some very rare machines such as Williams' "Black Gold", Bally's "Pinball Circus" and Recreativos Franco's "Impacto". It features over 200 different pinball games, including some classic video arcade games and other novelty machines of the past and present.

neg: Miami Beach, Florida Miami Beach is a coastal resort city in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States. It was incorporated on March 26, 1915. The municipality is located on natural and man-made barrier islands between the Atlantic Ocean and Biscayne Bay, the latter of which separates the Beach from Miami. The neighborhood of South Beach, comprising the southernmost 2.5 mi2 of Miami Beach, along with downtown Miami and the Port of Miami, collectively form the commercial center of South Florida. As of the 2010 census, Miami Beach had a total population of 87,779. It has been one of America's pre-eminent beach resorts since the early 20th century.

neg: Water Taxi Beach Water Taxi Beach was an artificial temporary beach operated from 2005 to 2010 on a wharf on the East River in the Hunters Point section of Long Island City, in the New York City borough of Queens. It was operated by the New York Water Taxi Company and was open to the public for free during the summer months. The beach was also rented for private parties. In concept, Water Taxi Beach is similar to Paris Beach in Paris, France. The beach was operated by Harry Hawk and Tony Rosciglione and partners who ran the beach owned by NY Water Taxi, now Harbor Experience Companies. It was part of a public-private partnership with the Port Authority of NY and NJ.

neg: Holiday Inn Resort Orlando Suites - Waterpark Holiday Inn Resort Orlando Suites - Waterpark (formerly known as Holiday Inn Family Suites, Nickelodeon Family Suites by Holiday Inn, and Nickelodeon Suites Resort (also known as Nick Hotel)) is an all-suite hotel in Orlando, Florida, United States, near the Universal Orlando Resort and one mile from Walt Disney World Resort. It is a Holiday Inn Resort. From 2005 to 2016, the hotel was themed after the children's television channel Nickelodeon.

neg: Trump World's Fair Trump World's Fair at Trump Plaza was a hotel and casino in Atlantic City, New Jersey that occupied 280 feet of the Atlantic City boardwalk and was 21 floors in height. It had 500 guest rooms. It opened on April 14, 1981 as the Playboy Hotel and Casino, then changed its name in 1984 to Atlantis Hotel and Casino.

neg: Miss America 1956 Miss America 1956, the 29th Miss America pageant, was held at the Boardwalk Hall in Atlantic City, New Jersey on September 10, 1955 and was broadcast of the competition on ABC.

neg: Mohegan Sun Mohegan Sun is one of the largest casinos in the United States, with 364000 sqft of gambling space. It is located on 240 acre along the banks of the Thames River in Uncasville, Connecticut. It is in the foothills of southeastern Connecticut, where 60 percent of the state's tourism is concentrated. It features the 12,000-seat capacity Mohegan Sun Arena, home of the New England Black Wolves of the National Lacrosse League and the Women's National Basketball Association's Connecticut Sun. It houses a 350-seat Cabaret Theatre, the 300-seat Wolf Den, and 100000 sqft of meeting and function room space, including the Northeast’s largest ballroom and 130000 sqft of retail shopping. It is also where the studio of WMOS is located.

neg: Railroad Pass Casino Railroad Pass Hotel & Casino, named after nearby Railroad Pass, is a casino and hotel in Henderson, Nevada.

neg: 2005 Mr. Olympia The 2005 Mr. Olympia contest was an IFBB professional bodybuilding competition and the feature event of Joe Weider's 2005 Olympia Weekend held October 15–16, 2005 at the Orleans Arena in Las Vegas, Nevada.

neg: Miss America 2004 Miss America 2004, the 77th Miss America pageant, was broadcast from the Boardwalk Hall in Atlantic City, New Jersey on September 20, 2003 on ABC Network.

neg: Saltair (Utah) Saltair, also The SaltAir, Saltair Resort, or Saltair Pavilion, is the name that has been given to several resorts located on the southern shore of the Great Salt Lake in Utah, United States, about fifteen miles (25 km) from Salt Lake City.

neg: 2005 Cyberathlete Professional League World Tour The 2005 CPL World Tour was a year-long gaming competition held by the Cyberathlete Professional League (CPL). This competition took place throughout 2005, with a total of nine international stops and a finals event held in the New York City, United States and televised by MTV.

neg: Skatelab Skatelab opened in 1997 and houses a skatepark, the Skateboard Museum and the Skateboarding Hall of Fame. It is located at 4226 Valley Fair Street, Simi Valley, California, United States (US).

neg: Miss America 1989 Miss America 1989, the 62nd Miss America pageant, was held at the Boardwalk Hall in Atlantic City, New Jersey on September 10, 1988 and was televised by the NBC Network.


query: What is the editorial stance of the newspaper that featured Paul Rimstead as a page 5 columnist?

pos: Paul Rimstead Paul Rimstead (1935–1987) was a featured page 5 columnist for the Toronto Sun during the 1970s and 1980s.

pos: Toronto Sun The Toronto Sun is an English-language daily tabloid newspaper published in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is known for its daily Sunshine Girl feature and its populist conservative editorial stance.

neg: FiveThirtyEight FiveThirtyEight, sometimes referred to as 538, is a website that focuses on opinion poll analysis, politics, economics, and sports blogging. The website, which takes its name from the number of electors in the United States electoral college, was founded on March 7, 2008, as a polling aggregation website with a blog created by analyst Nate Silver. In August 2010, the blog became a licensed feature of "The New York Times" online. It was renamed FiveThirtyEight: Nate Silver's Political Calculus. In July 2013, ESPN announced that it would become the owner of the FiveThirtyEight brand and site, and Silver was appointed as editor-in-chief. The ESPN-owned FiveThirtyEight began publication on March 17, 2014. In the ESPN era, the FiveThirtyEight blog has covered a broad spectrum of subjects including politics, sports, science, economics, and popular culture.

neg: Paul Dacre Paul Michael Dacre ( ; born 14 November 1948) is an English journalist and editor of the British newspaper the "Daily Mail". He is also editor-in-chief of DMG Media, which publishes the "Daily Mail", "The Mail on Sunday", the free daily tabloid "Metro", the Mailonline website, and other titles. He is a director of the Daily Mail and General Trust plc (Associated Newspapers' holding group) and was a member of the Press Complaints Commission (PCC) from 1999 to 2008. He left the PCC in order to become chairman of the PCC's Editors' Code of Practice Committee from April 2008. His departure from the post was announced at the beginning of December 2016.

neg: Katholiek Nieuwsblad The Katholiek Nieuwsblad ("Catholic newspaper") is a Dutch Roman Catholic newspaper published weekly on Friday. Its aim is to connect Dutch Catholics to the church. The relatively small newspaper (in 2008 it had 13,500 subscribers) is Christian and includes, besides news and opinion, an overview of the key points of the papal audiences. Unlike other similar newspapers appearing between one and four times a week, the "Katholiek Nieuwsblad" is not bound to any particular region and even appears across the border, in Flanders. On January 17, 2017, it was announced that the newspaper's editor-in-chief Henk Rijkers had been forced out following an internal division.

neg: New York Observer The New York Observer is a online news website which was a weekly newspaper published in New York City from 1987 to 2016. The website-based publication, which continues in operation at observer.com after the print version ceased publication, focuses on the city's culture, real estate, media, politics and the entertainment and publishing industries. s of January 2017 , the editorial team is led by Ken Kurson with other writers and editors including Rex Reed, Will Bredderman, Drew Grant, Brady Dale, John Bonazzo, Vinnie Mancuso, and James Jorden.

neg: South Asian Post The South Asian Post is a Canadian weekly newspaper published in Vancouver, British Columbia With a readership of 135,000 people, the newspaper targets the Indo-Canadian/Pakistani community in the city and province. The "South Asian Post" is a sister publication to The "Asian Pacific Post", a weekly based in Vancouver.

neg: Thomas Plate Thomas Gordon Plate (born May 17, 1944) is an American journalist, university professor and op-ed columnist. Over the last 22 years his continuing column on Asia - and now specifically China - has appeared in leading newspapers across the globe, including the "South China Morning Post" in Hong Kong, where he is now a columnist writing fortnightly about China, while based in Los Angeles,"The Straits Times" in Singapore, "The Khaleej Times" out of Dubai, United Arab Emirates, "The Japan Times" in Tokyo, "The Korea Times" in South Korea, "The Jakarta Post" and many others. He was Editor of the Editorial Pages of the Los Angeles Times from 1989 to 1995, and an L.A. Times op-ed columnist until 2000. He is now at Loyola Marymount University in Los Angeles as its Distinguished Scholar of Asian and Pacific Studies and full-time Clinical Professor. He is vice president and a member of the board of the Pacific Century Institute in Los Angeles. He is founder and editor-in-chief of Asia Media International (asiamedia.lmu.edu), America's only website run by college students devoted entirely to Asia and the U.S.

neg: Daily Maverick Daily Maverick is a South African daily online newspaper founded in 2009 and edited by Branko Brkic and published by Styli Charalambous. It is run by an independent private company. According to the "Daily Maverick" website, the publication is "a unique blend of news, information, analysis and opinion delivered from our newsroom in Johannesburg, South Africa". Charalambous says the website is also "a platform for photojournalism, providing readers with a visual insight into what is happening in South Africa, Africa and globally".

neg: Advice column An advice column is a column traditionally presented in a magazine or newspaper, though it can also be delivered through other news media, such as the internet and broadcast news media. The advice column format is question and answer: a (usually anonymous) reader writes to the media outlet with a problem in the form of a question, and the media outlet provides an answer or response. The responses are written by an advice columnist (colloquially known in British English as an agony aunt, or agony uncle if the columnist is male). The image presented was originally of an older woman dispensing comforting advice and maternal wisdom, hence the name "aunt". An advice columnist can also be someone who gives advice to people who send in problems to the newspaper.

neg: Al Rai (Kuwaiti newspaper) Al Rai (Arabic: الرأي, meaning "The Opinion"), known as Al Rai al Aam (Arabic: الرأي العام, meaning "Public Opinion") from 1995 to 2006, is a Kuwaiti daily newspaper. According to a 2007 survey by the Washington-based Intermedia group, "Al Rai" ranked one among Kuwaiti newspapers for the fifth year in a row.

neg: Het Nieuwsblad Het Nieuwsblad (English: The Newspaper ) is a Belgian newspaper that mainly focusses on "a broad view" regarding politics, culture, economics, lifestyle, society and sports.

neg: The Independent on Saturday The Independent on Saturday is an English-language South African newspaper, part of Independent News & Media. It was launched in 1998 to replace the "Saturday Paper", which was formed in the mid-1990s after the demise of the Saturday editions of the "Daily News" and the "Mercury". "The Independent on Saturday" circulates primarily in the greater Durban area, but is also distributed to other parts of the KwaZulu-Natal province.

neg: Thomas B. Edsall Thomas Byrne Edsall (born August 22, 1941) is an American journalist and liberal / progressive academic, currently serving as an adjunct faculty member https://journalism.columbia.edu/faculty/tom-edsall of the Columbia University School of Journalism in New York City. He is best known for his weekly opinion column for The New York Times online and for his 25 years covering national politics for the "Washington Post".

neg: The China Mail The China Mail (Traditional Chinese: 德臣西報, also 中國郵報 and 德臣報) was an English-language newspaper published in Hong Kong from 1845 to 1974, making it the longest-lived of any Hong Kong newspaper. The head office was in Wellington Street.

neg: Tory Shepherd Tory Shepherd is an opinion writer and journalist best known for her contributions to Australian News Limited media publications and websites, including "The Advertiser" and "The Punch". She has also served as Acting Editor for the latter. She has worked as Political Editor at "The Advertiser," as a senior reporter at news.com.au and as a panelist on the ABC TV discussion program, "Insiders". She joined News Limited in 2006, starting with a cadetship at "The Advertiser". She also appeared in Episode 6 of The Chaser's Media Circus, which aired in 2014. Shepherd has been a panelist at a number of events in the "Behind the Headlines" series of public forums, hosted by Paul Willis at RiAus, and is a member of the Mindframe media advisory group. She has described her main interests as "social justice, religion, and dodgy health treatments."

neg: The New York Sun The New York Sun was an American daily newspaper published in Manhattan from 2002 to 2008. It debuted on April 16, 2002, adopting the name, motto, and masthead of the earlier New York paper, "The Sun" (1833–1950). It became the first general-interest broadsheet newspaper to be started in New York City in several decades. Its op-ed page became a prominent platform in the country for conservative viewpoints. Since 2009 "The Sun" has operated as an online-only publisher of political and economic opinion pieces, as well as occasional arts content.

neg: Gazeta Krakowska The Gazeta Krakowska, (full title Polska Gazeta Krakowska) is the largest regional daily newspaper in Kraków, Poland, published five times a week in that city. Gazeta Krakowska was established on February 15, 1949. It features articles about politics, business, economy, popular history, culture, society and sports, entertainment, as well as advertising.

neg: The New Zealand Herald The New Zealand Herald is a daily newspaper published in Auckland, New Zealand, owned by New Zealand Media and Entertainment. It has the largest newspaper circulation of all newspapers in New Zealand, peaking at over 200,000 copies in 2006, although circulation of the daily "Herald" had declined to 144,157 copies on average by December 2014. Its main circulation area is the Auckland region. It is also delivered to much of the north of the North Island including Northland, Waikato and King Country.

neg: Grand Forks Boundary Bulletin Grand Forks Boundary Bulletin was a newspaper in Grand Forks, British Columbia. Published on Monday with a circulation of 5,410. The paper is no longer in operation.

neg: Rakyat Merdeka Rakyat Merdeka (literally "The Free People") is an Indonesian daily tabloid newspaper, owned by the country’s largest media group "Jawa Pos". The newspaper has gained prominence as a result of its controversial headlines and its "gritty, often abrasive, style", with articles and caricatures that frequently strongly criticize the political establishment.

neg: The Independent The Independent is a British online newspaper. Established in 1986 as an independent national morning newspaper published in London, it was controlled by Tony O'Reilly's Independent News & Media from 1997 until it was sold to Russian oligarch Alexander Lebedev in 2010. The last printed edition of "The Independent" was published Saturday 20 March 2016, leaving only its digital editions.


query: How many seats does the Lewiston Maineiacs' home arena hold?

pos: Lewiston Maineiacs The Lewiston Maineiacs were a junior ice hockey team of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League based in Lewiston, Maine. The team played its home games at the Androscoggin Bank Colisée. They were the second QMJHL team in the United States, and the only one to play a full season. They won the President's Cup in 2007.

pos: Androscoggin Bank Colisée The Androscoggin Bank Colisée (formerly Central Maine Civic Center and Lewiston Colisee) is a 4,000 capacity (3,677 seated) multi-purpose arena, in Lewiston, Maine, that opened in 1958. In 1965 it was the location of the World Heavyweight Title fight during which one of the most famous sports photographs of the century was taken of Muhammed Ali standing over Sonny Liston.

neg: Memorial Gymnasium (University of Maine) Memorial Gym, nicknamed "The Pit", is a 3,100-seat multipurpose arena in Orono, Maine. It is home to the University of Maine Black Bears men's and women's basketball teams. Maine played 10 men's and women's basketball games during 2011–12 at Memorial Gym. The men’s team has held a total of eight games at Memorial Gym since 2003–04. The Gym was home to Black Bears Basketball from 1935 to 1989, before moving some games to Bangor Auditorium.

neg: Bank of the Cascades Center Bank of the Cascades Center is a 4,000-permanent seat indoor arena located in Redmond, Oregon, as part of the Deschutes County Expo Center. It is named for a regional bank which purchased naming rights to the arena's name. Other seating capacities include 5,000 for basketball and up to 7,800 for concerts. In addition to the aforemented events, Bank of the Cascades Center can also accommodate volleyball, motorsports, wrestling, conventions and trade shows. There is over 40,000 square feet of space on the arena floor with an additional 28,250 square feet on the arena concourse. Concession stands are placed on each end of the arena and ticket booths are located on each entrance.

neg: A`nowara`ko:wa Arena A`nowara`ko:wa Arena is a 3,000-seat multi-purpose arena in Cornwall Island, Ontario on the Akwesasne reservation.

neg: Cairns Arena C. Douglas Cairns Recreation Arena, more commonly known as Cairns Arena, is a 600-seat hockey arena in South Burlington, Vermont. It is home to the Saint Michael's College Purple Knights men's and women's ice hockey teams, the University of Vermont club ice hockey team, and a number of high school hockey teams. It was the former home to the Green Mountain Glades Junior A ice hockey team of the Eastern Junior Hockey League, who have since moved operations to Portland, Maine.

neg: Maine Mariners (ECHL) The Maine Mariners are a professional ice hockey team in the ECHL set to begin play for the 2018–19 season. Based in Portland, Maine, the team will play their home games at the Cross Insurance Arena.

neg: Everett Arena The Douglas N. Everett Arena is an indoor arena in Concord, New Hampshire, United States. It hosted the Northeastern Hockey League's New Hampshire Freedoms in 1979. The arena holds 3,000 people.

neg: Ford Center (Evansville) The Ford Center is a multi-use indoor arena in downtown Evansville, Indiana with a maximum seating capacity of 11,000. It officially opened in November 2011 and is mainly used for basketball, ice hockey, and music concerts. It is home to the Evansville Purple Aces basketball teams and the Evansville Thunderbolts minor league hockey team in the Southern Professional Hockey League.

neg: Ted Constant Convocation Center The Ted Constant Convocation Center is a 219330 sqft , multi-purpose arena in Norfolk, Virginia, United States, on the campus of Old Dominion University. It is operated by Global Spectrum and is known as "The Ted". The Constant Center is part of the University Village project, a 75 acre development that will also feature a shopping center, restaurants, theaters, offices, research labs and residences with connections to the campus. "The Ted" has 7,319 seats, 862 upper club/priority seats, 16 luxury suites, and a scoreboard. The arena currently seats 8,639 for basketball games and 9,520 for concerts. In addition to being used for home basketball games and Wrestling matches for ODU, the Constant Center hosts family-oriented events as well as concerts and lectures.

neg: Cajundome The Cajundome is a 13,500-seat multi-purpose arena located in Lafayette, Louisiana. It is home to the Louisiana–Lafayette Ragin' Cajuns men's basketball (as well as the Ragin' Cajuns women's basketball program when the men and women play doubleheaders), and the Louisiana high school basketball state championship.

neg: Intercollegiate Athletic Arena Intercollegiate Athletic Arena is an 8,000 seat multi-purpose arena in Providence, Rhode Island. It was built in 1995. It is the home of the Rhode Island College Anchormen basketball teams.

neg: Danbury Ice Arena The Danbury Ice Arena is a multi-purpose arena in Danbury, Connecticut that can seat about 3,000. It was built in 1999 and renovated and expanded in 2004.

neg: Frank Crane Arena The Frank Crane Arena is a 3,000-seat multi-purpose arena in Nanaimo, British Columbia. It is home to the Nanaimo Clippers of the British Columbia Hockey League and the Nanaimo Timbermen of the Western Lacrosse Association.

neg: Knott Arena Knott Arena is a multi-purpose sports arena at Mount Saint Mary's University, in Emmitsburg, Maryland. It was built in 1987 and is home to the Mount St. Mary's Mountaineers men's basketball team. It features a main arena/convocation center with a seating capacity of 3,500 for basketball. For other events, the arena can seat up to 5,000.

neg: Savage Arena John F. Savage Arena (formerly John F. Savage Hall and Centennial Hall) is a multi-purpose arena located in Toledo, Ohio, on the campus of the University of Toledo. The arena opened in 1976 and originally seated 9,000 for basketball and up to 10,000 for concerts. As part of a $30 million renovation and addition to the arena, completed in 2008, the seating capacity was reduced to 7,300 for basketball and up to 8,300 for concerts. It primarily serves as the home venue for the Toledo Rockets men's and women's basketball teams and women's volleyball team, and also hosts concerts, commencement exercises, and other events.

neg: Palais des Sports Jean Weille Palais de Sports Jean Weille is an indoor sporting arena located in Nancy, France. The seating capacity of the arena is 6,027 people. It is currently home to the SLUC Nancy professional basketball team.

neg: Aleppo Shriners Auditorium The Aleppo Shriners Auditorium is a 2,650-seat indoor arena located in Wilmington, Massachusetts. It was built in 1977 as the headquarters for the Aleppo Shriners, who had been based in Boston, Massachusetts since 1882. The Aleppo Shriners still own the auditorium today. It is also the home of the Boston Derby Dames roller derby league.

neg: Everett Silvertips The Everett Silvertips are an American major junior ice hockey team currently members of the U.S. Division in the Western Conference of the Western Hockey League (WHL). The team is based in Everett, Washington, and joined the WHL as an expansion team for the 2003–04 season. The team name comes from the silvertip bear. The team plays at Xfinity Arena, a $71.5 million multipurpose complex built in 2003 that seats 8,300 (or 8,513 with standing room only seats included) for hockey. The team's mascot is Lincoln, a silvertip bear.

neg: Forum Civic Center The Forum Civic Center (known locally as just "The Forum") is a multi-purpose arena and convention center in Rome, Georgia, United States. It seats 2,140 for arena football, up to 3,116 for other sporting events and up to 3,932 for concerts. For trade shows, it can accommodate 21,000 square feet (2,000 m²) of space. Meeting rooms at the Forum total an additional 14,269 square feet (1326 m²) of space. Floyd County owns the Forum. The Forum was previously home to the Georgia Fire indoor football team.

neg: Oklahoma State Fair Arena Jim Norick Arena (originally Jim Norick State Fair Arena and commonly Oklahoma State Fair Arena) is a large multi-purpose arena located at State Fair Park in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. It seats approximately 8,500 in its usual configuration.

neg: Stade des Flandres Stade des Flandres or (Salle Dewerdt) is an indoor sporting arena located in Dunkerque, France. The capacity of the arena is 2,500 people. It is currently home to the Dunkerque Handball Grand Littoral team.