query: What Quartermaster General was involved in Operation Michael?

pos: Operation Michael Operation "Michael" was a major German military offensive during the First World War that began the Spring Offensive on 21 March 1918. It was launched from the Hindenburg Line, in the vicinity of Saint-Quentin, France. Its goal was to break through the Allied (Entente) lines and advance in a north-westerly direction to seize the Channel ports, which supplied the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) and to drive the BEF into the sea. Two days later General Ludendorff, the Chief of the German General Staff, changed his plan and pushed for an offensive due west, along the whole of the British front north of the River Somme. This was designed to separate the French and British Armies and crush the British forces by pushing them into the sea. The offensive ended at Villers-Bretonneux, to the east of the Allied communications centre at Amiens, where the Allies managed to halt the German advance; the German Armies had suffered many casualties and were unable to maintain supplies to the advancing troops.

pos: Erich Ludendorff Erich Friedrich Wilhelm Ludendorff (9 April 1865 – 20 December 1937) was a German general, the victor of the Battle of Liège and the Battle of Tannenberg. From August 1916, his appointment as Quartermaster general ("Erster Generalquartiermeister") made him the leader (along with Paul von Hindenburg) of the German war efforts during World War I until his resignation in October 1918, just before the end of hostilities.

neg: Frank Helmick Frank Helmick is a retired United States Army Lieutenant General. He is the former Commanding General of the XVIII Airborne Corps. From February to December 2011, he additionally served as the Deputy Commanding General for Operations, United States Forces - Iraq. Prior to assuming command of the XVIII Airborne Corps, LTG Helmick commanded the Multi-National Security Transition Command - Iraq along with the NATO Training Mission-Iraq from July 3, 2008 to October 7, 2009.

neg: Operation Quicksilver (deception plan) Operation Quicksilver was a Second World War military deception. Undertaken by the Allies in 1944, the operation threatened an invasion of France in the Pas de Calais region through the simulation of a large Field Army in South East England. Quicksilver formed part of the Operation Fortitude deception, itself part of the strategic Operation Bodyguard plan. The key element of Quicksilver was the creation in German minds that "First United States Army Group" (FUSAG) commanded by General George Patton supposedly would land in the Pas-de-Calais for the major invasion of Europe, after the landings in Normandy had lured the German defenders to that front. (FUSAG was a genuine army group headquarters which later became Omar Bradley's 12th Army Group, but was given a fictitious role and many non-existent divisions for purposes of deception.)

neg: Quartermaster Center and School The Quartermaster School (QMS) is a subordinate command of the United States Army's Combined Arms Support Command and is located at Fort Lee, Virginia.

neg: Joe W. Kelly General Joe William Kelly (January 19, 1910 – July 8, 1979) was a U.S. Air Force general and Commander, Military Air Transport Service (MATS). He was the first four-star commander of MATS, and was commander at the time the command was transitioning to jet aircraft. In 1961 he personally piloted the first jet aircraft assigned to MATS on its maiden voyage from the Boeing factory at Renton, Washington to MATS Eastern Transport Air Force at McGuire Air Force Base, New Jersey. During Kelly's time as commander, MATS was involved in Operation Deep Freeze, the Cuban Missile Crisis, and the Congo airlift. During his tenure, he compiled nearly 1,700 hours in the air from inspecting units, bringing his service total to nearly 9,700 flying hours.

neg: Operation Halyard Operation Halyard (or Halyard Mission), known in Serbian as Operation Air Bridge (Serbian: Операција Ваздушни мост ), was an Allied airlift operation behind enemy lines during World War II. In July 1944, the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) drew up plans to send a team to Chetniks led by General Draža Mihailović in the German-occupied Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia for the purpose of evacuating Allied airmen shot down over that area. This team, known as the Halyard team, was commanded by Lieutenant George Musulin, along with Master Sergeant Michael Rajacich, and Specialist Arthur Jibilian, the radio operator. The team was detailed to the United States Fifteenth Air Force and designated as the 1st Air Crew Rescue Unit. It was the largest rescue operation of American Airmen in history. According to historian Professor Jozo Tomasevich, a report submitted to the OSS showed that 417 Allied airmen who had been downed over occupied Yugoslavia were rescued by Mihailović's Chetniks, and airlifted out by the Fifteenth Air Force. According to Lt. Cmdr. Richard M. Kelly (OSS) grand total of 432 U.S. and 80 Allied personnel were airlifted during the Halyard Mission.

neg: Tony Raper Major-General Anthony John Raper CB CBE is a former Quartermaster-General to the Forces.

neg: Michael C. Thompson Michael C. Thompson is a United States politician currently serving as the Oklahoma Secretary of Safety and Security. Thompson is a brigadier general with the Oklahoma National Guard, currently serving as the assistant adjutant general. Concurrent to his service as cabinet secretary, Thompson serves as the commissioner of the Oklahoma Department of Public Safety. In this capacity, Thompson commands the Oklahoma Highway Patrol. As secretary, Thompson is a member of the Oklahoma Governor's Cabinet and is responsible for directing all state public safety and corrections agencies.

neg: Michael Buckley Jr. Michael Buckley Jr. (17 May 1902 – 17 August 2006) was the oldest living graduate of West Point at the time of his death and the first American prisoner of war during World War II when as a United States Army major he was captured near Tobruk by German Nazi military forces under the command of Field Marshal Erwin Rommel, on 23 November 1941, two weeks prior to the United States entering this global conflict after the 7 December 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor.

neg: Hastings Anderson Lieutenant General Sir (Warren) Hastings Anderson, KCB (1872–1930) was Quartermaster-General to the Forces.

neg: Michael Richards (engineer) Michael Richards (1673-1721) was an Irish military engineer who rose to become Chief Engineer of Great Britain and Surveyor-General of the Ordnance.

neg: Paul Travers Lieutenant General Sir Paul Anthony Travers KCB (1928–10 June 1983) is a former Quartermaster-General to the Forces.

neg: Tim Cross Major General Timothy Cross, CBE (born 19 April 1951) is a retired British Army officer and military logistics expert. He was commissioned in 1971 into the Royal Army Ordnance Corps and went on to serve in Germany, Northern Ireland and Cyprus, interspersed with staff duties and further education. He was posted to Paris in 1984, where he was involved in the development of the MILAN anti-tank weapon, before returning to his regiment as a company commander. He took command of 1 Ordnance Battalion in 1990 and was tasked with running logistics for 1st Armoured Division during the Gulf War. He went on to serve as Commander, Logistic Support for 3rd Infantry Division in 1992.

neg: 49th Quartermaster Group The 49th Quartermaster Group (Petroleum and Water) was a United States Army Forces Command (FORSCOM) combat service support unit stationed at Fort Lee, Virginia. The group motto was "Fueling the Force." Reactivated in 1993, the 49th held an inactivation ceremony at Fort Lee on 14 September 2012. Its subordinate 530th Support Battalion and 108th Quartermaster Company were reassigned to a brigade headquarters to await their own inactivation in September 2013. According to an article in the post newspaper, "The 54th and 111th, the Army's only active duty mortuary affairs units, are not likely to be inactivated but may be transferred. If any of the units remain at Fort Lee, they may be realigned under battalions either at Fort Eustis, home of the 7th Sustainment Brigade, or Fort Bragg, N.C., home of the XVIII Airborne Corps, the 49th's current higher headquarters."

neg: John Cowans General Sir John Stephen "Jack" Cowans, (11 March 1862 – 16 April 1921) was a senior British Army officer who served as Quartermaster-General to the Forces from 1912 to 1919, covering the period of the First World War.

neg: Michael Jeffery Major General Philip Michael Jeffery {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (born 12 December 1937) is a retired senior Australian Army officer who was the 24th Governor-General of Australia, serving from 2003 to 2008, and the 30th Governor of Western Australia, serving from 1993 to 2000.

neg: Sydney Rowell Lieutenant General Sir Sydney Fairbairn Rowell, (15 December 1894 – 12 April 1975) was an Australian soldier who served as Chief of the General Staff from 17 April 1950 to 15 December 1954. As Vice Chief of the General Staff from 8 January 1946 to 16 April 1950, he played a key role in the post-Second World War reorganisation of the Army, and in the 1949 Australian coal strike. However, he is best known as the commander who was dismissed in the Kokoda Track campaign.

neg: Creighton Abrams Creighton Williams Abrams Jr. (September 15, 1914 – September 4, 1974) was a United States Army general who commanded military operations in the Vietnam War from 1968–72 (which saw U.S. troop strength in South Vietnam fall from a peak of 543,000 to 49,000). He served as Chief of Staff of the United States Army from 1972 until shortly before his death in 1974. In 1980, the U.S. Army named its new main battle tank, the "M1 Abrams", after General Abrams. The IG Farben building in Germany was also named after him from 1975 to 1995.

neg: Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF; ) was the headquarters of the Commander of Allied forces in north west Europe, from late 1943 until the end of World War II. U.S. General Dwight D. Eisenhower was in command of SHAEF throughout its existence. The position itself shares a common lineage with Supreme Allied Commander Europe and Atlantic, but they are different titles.

neg: William Westmoreland William Childs Westmoreland (March 26, 1914 – July 18, 2005) was a United States Army general, who most notably commanded U.S. forces during the Vietnam War from 1964 to 1968. He served as Chief of Staff of the United States Army from 1968 to 1972.

neg: Michael Hobbs (British Army officer) Major General Sir Michael Frederick Hobbs (born 28 February 1937) is a former commander in the British Army and now a charity director and Governor of the Military Knights of Windsor.


query: In what year did the team that Nicklas Bäckström is alternate captain for move their home rink?

pos: Nicklas Bäckström Nicklas Bäckström (] ; born 23 November 1987) is a Swedish professional ice hockey centre and an alternate captain for the Washington Capitals of the National Hockey League (NHL). Bäckström was selected fourth overall by the Capitals at the 2006 NHL Entry Draft, and has since gone on to become Washington's all-time franchise leader in assists.

pos: Washington Capitals The Washington Capitals (often shortened to Caps) are a professional ice hockey team based in Washington, D.C. They are members of the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League (NHL). Since their founding in 1974 , the Capitals have won one conference championship (in 1998), and ten division titles. In 1997 , the team moved their home ice hockey rink from the suburban Capital Centre (located in Landover, Maryland) to the new MCI Center (now Capital One Arena), in Washington, D.C.

neg: Hull Thunder The Hull Thunder were a British ice hockey club from Kingston upon Hull, England. Formed in 1999, it competed in the now defunct British National League playing its home games at Humberside Ice Arena (since renamed the Hull Arena).

neg: Dundee Stars The Dundee Stars are a professional ice hockey team based in the Scottish city of Dundee. They were formed in 2001 and play their home games at the Dundee Ice Arena, situated off the city's main Kingsway dual carriageway.

neg: List of New York Islanders seasons The New York Islanders are an American ice hockey team based in Brooklyn, New York. They compete in the National Hockey League (NHL) Eastern Conference's Metropolitan Division. Since their inaugural season in 1972, the team has played its home games in Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum, but moved to the Barclays Center in 2015. In thirty-six completed seasons, the team has won the Stanley Cup championship four times and has qualified for the playoffs twenty-one times. They have played more than 230 playoff games, winning 130. As of the end of the 2007–08 season, New York has won more than 1,200 regular season games, the 14th-highest victory total among NHL teams.

neg: Adirondack Phantoms The Adirondack Phantoms were a professional ice hockey team in the American Hockey League (AHL), who began play in the 2009–10 AHL season. The Phantoms were based in Glens Falls, New York, playing home games at the Glens Falls Civic Center and were the AHL affiliate of the NHL's Philadelphia Flyers. The franchise moved to Glens Falls from Philadelphia, where they were known as the Philadelphia Phantoms from 1996 to 2009 in the Flyers' former arena, the Spectrum.

neg: Manitoba Maple Leafs The Manitoba Maple Leafs are a professional women's ice hockey team in the Western Women's Hockey League (WWHL). The team play its home games at the MTS Iceplex in Winnipeg, Canada.

neg: Dinamo-Raubichi Minsk Dinamo-Raubichi Minsk is an ice hockey team based in Minsk, Belarus.

neg: Plymouth Whalers The Plymouth Whalers were a major junior ice hockey team in the Ontario Hockey League. They played out of Compuware Arena in Plymouth, Michigan, USA, a suburb of Detroit until 2015 when they were relocated to Flint, Michigan.

neg: Pittsburgh Penguins The Pittsburgh Penguins are a professional ice hockey team based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. They are members of the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League (NHL). The franchise was founded in 1967 as one of the first expansion teams during the league's original expansion from six to twelve teams. The Penguins played in the Civic Arena, also known to Pittsburgh fans as "The Igloo", from the time of their inception through the end of the 2009–10 season. They moved into their new arena, PPG Paints Arena, to begin the 2010–11 season. They have qualified for six Stanley Cup Finals, winning the Stanley Cup five times – in 1991, 1992, 2009, 2016, and 2017. Along with the Edmonton Oilers, the Penguins are tied for the most Cup championships among non-Original Six teams. With their Stanley Cup wins in 2016 and 2017, the Penguins became the first back-to-back champions in 19 years (since the 1997–98 Detroit Red Wings) and the first team to do so since the introduction of the salary cap.

neg: Tucson Roadrunners The Tucson Roadrunners are a professional ice hockey team in the American Hockey League (AHL) which began play for the 2016–17 season. Based in Tucson, Arizona, and affiliated with the National Hockey League's Arizona Coyotes, the team plays its home games at the Tucson Convention Center.

neg: Vimmerby HC Vimmerby HC (often referred to as Vimmerby Hockey) is a Swedish ice hockey club based in Vimmerby which was promoted to Division 1, the third tier of ice hockey in Sweden, in 2011. As of the 2013–14 season , Vimmerby plays in group E in Division 1.

neg: Håkan Eriksson (ice hockey) Håkan Lars Elias Eriksson (born January 24, 1956) is a retired Swedish ice hockey player. Eriksson began playing hockey in Bjurfors IF but was acquired by Skellefteå AIK in 1974. He became Swedish champions with Skellefteå in 1978, and was a part of Sweden's 1979 World Championship team that won bronze. During the following season he was also part of Sweden's Olympic team in the 1980 Winter Olympics. After four seasons with Skellefteå, Eriksson moved to Stockholm and Djurgårdens IF. He won his second Swedish championship in 1983 with Djurgården. He was the team captain for two seasons, from 1982 to 1984, when he finished his career in Djurgården. During his final season in Djurgården he was again part of Sweden's Olympic team in the 1984 Winter Olympics. He became assistant coach in the same team along with Lars-Fredrik Nyström for the rest of the 1985–86 season when Gunnar Svensson was fired on January 21, 1986. He ended his playing career in 1987 after two seasons in IFK Lidingö.

neg: Nacka HK Nacka HK, officially Nacka Hockeyklubb (English: Nacka Hockey Club ), is a Swedish ice hockey club based in the Stockholm suburb of Nacka. As of the 2013–14 season , Nacka plays in group D of Division 1, the third tier of ice hockey in Sweden.

neg: List of Atlanta Thrashers seasons The Atlanta Thrashers were an American ice hockey team based in Atlanta, Georgia. They competed in the National Hockey League (NHL) Eastern Conference's Southeast Division (NHL) before moving to Winnipeg, Manitoba. Since their inaugural season in 1999 until 2011, the team had played its home games at Philips Arena. In eleven completed seasons, the team had won one division championship and had qualified for the playoffs only once, both occurring in  .

neg: Niklas Andersson Niklas Per Andersson (born 20 May 1971) is a retired Swedish professional ice hockey left winger. In his career, he spent time with several National Hockey League (NHL) teams as well as various minor professional teams in North America, but mostly played for Frölunda HC in the Swedish Elitserien.

neg: Louisville RiverFrogs The Louisville RiverFrogs were a professional ice hockey team competing in the East Coast Hockey League. The team was based in Louisville, Kentucky and played from 1995 to 1998. Their home venue was Broadbent Arena (nicknamed "The Swamp" for their duration. capacity 6,600) at the Kentucky Exposition Center. At the conclusion of the 1997–1998 season, the franchise was sold and moved to Florida to become the Miami Matadors for a year before moving to Ohio as the Cincinnati Cyclones in 2001.

neg: SK Lejon SK Lejon is a Swedish ice hockey club based in Skellefteå, founded in 1958 as "Lejonströms SK". The club was given its current name in 1997. As of the 2013–14 season , the club plays in Division 1, the third tier of ice hockey in Sweden. The club plays their home games at Skellefteå Kraft Arena, an arena they share with SHL-club Skellefteå AIK.

neg: Mikael Backlund Mikael Backlund (born 17 March 1989) is a Swedish professional ice hockey centre currently playing for the Calgary Flames of the National Hockey League (NHL). Backlund was a first round selection, 24th overall, of the Flames in the 2007 NHL Entry Draft, and made his NHL debut in 2008–09. He played junior hockey for VIK Västerås HK in the J20 SuperElit and the Kelowna Rockets of the Western Hockey League (WHL). He was a member of Kelowna's WHL championship team in 2009.

neg: New York Islanders The New York Islanders are a professional ice hockey team based in New York City. They are members of the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League (NHL). The team plays its home games at Barclays Center, located in the borough of Brooklyn. The Islanders are one of three NHL franchises in the New York metropolitan area, along with the New Jersey Devils and New York Rangers, and their fan base resides primarily on Long Island.

neg: Southampton Vikings The Southampton Vikings were an ice hockey team from Southampton, England. Their home venue was Southampton Ice Rink.

neg: Niklas Kronwall Niklas Kronwall (] ; born 12 January 1981) is a Swedish professional ice hockey defenceman and alternate captain for the Detroit Red Wings of the National Hockey League (NHL). He is one of the 27 members in the Triple Gold Club. Kronwall started his career in Järfälla HC in Sweden, and has played internationally for the Sweden. In the NHL, Kronwall has gained notoriety for being an open ice hitter, and the phrase "being Kronwalled" was coined to describe his signature back-pedaling hits. In 2008 he won the Stanley Cup with the Red Wings.


query: Are Fidelio and Il turco in Italia operas that are sung in the same language?

pos: Fidelio Fidelio (originally titled Leonore, oder Der Triumph der ehelichen Liebe ; English: "Leonore, or The Triumph of Marital Love"), Op. 72, is Ludwig van Beethoven's only opera. The German libretto was originally prepared by Joseph Sonnleithner from the French of Jean-Nicolas Bouilly, with the work premiering at Vienna's Theater an der Wien on 20 November 1805. The following year, helped shorten the work from three acts to two. After further work on the libretto by Georg Friedrich Treitschke, a final version was performed at the Kärntnertortheater on 23 May 1814. By convention, both of the first two versions are referred to as "Leonore".

pos: Il turco in Italia Il turco in Italia (The Turk in Italy) is an opera in two acts by Gioachino Rossini. The Italian-language libretto was written by Felice Romani. It was a re-working of a libretto by Caterino Mazzolà set as an opera (with the same title) by the German composer in 1788.

neg: La Fenice Teatro La Fenice (] , "The Phoenix") is an opera house in Venice, Italy. It is one of "the most famous and renowned landmarks in the history of Italian theatre", and in the history of opera as a whole. Especially in the 19th century, La Fenice became the site of many famous operatic premieres at which the works of several of the four major "bel canto" era composers—Rossini, Bellini, Donizetti, and Verdi were performed.

neg: I puritani I puritani ("The Puritans") is an opera in by Vincenzo Bellini. It was originally written in two acts and later changed to three acts on the advice of Gioachino Rossini, with whom the young composer had become friends. The music was set to a libretto by Count Carlo Pepoli, an Italian émigré poet whom Bellini had met at a salon run by the exile Princess Belgiojoso, which became a meeting place for many Italian revolutionaries.

neg: L'italiana in Algeri L'Italiana in Algeri (] ; English: The Italian Girl in Algiers ) is an operatic "dramma giocoso" in two acts by Gioachino Rossini to an Italian libretto by Angelo Anelli, based on his earlier text set by Luigi Mosca. It premiered at the Teatro San Benedetto in Venice on 22 May 1813. The music is characteristic of Rossini's style, remarkable for its fusion of sustained, manic energy with elegant, pristine melodies.

neg: Zazà Zazà ] is an opera by Ruggero Leoncavallo, with the libretto by the composer. Its première at the Teatro Lirico di Milano on 10 November 1900, starring Rosina Storchio as Zazà, Edoardo Garbin as Milio, Mario Sammarco as Cascart and Clorinda Pini-Corsi as Anaide, and conducted by Arturo Toscanini, began its triumphant run of performances in opera houses around the world.

neg: Music of Naples Naples has played an important and vibrant role over the centuries not just in the music of Italy, but in the general history of western European musical traditions. This influence extends from the early music conservatories in the 16th century through the music of Alessandro Scarlatti during the Baroque period and the comic operas of Pergolesi, Piccinni and, eventually, Rossini and Mozart. The vitality of Neapolitan popular music from the late 19th century has made such songs as "'O Sole mio" and "Funiculì Funiculà" a permanent part of our musical consciousness.

neg: Serafino Gentili Serafino Gentili (1775 – 13 May 1835) was an Italian opera singer particularly known for his performances in tenore di grazia roles. He sang in opera houses throughout Italy as well as in Paris and Dresden. During the course of his career, he created the role of Lindoro in Rossini's "L'italiana in Algeri" as well as leading roles in several other operas by less well-known composers. In his later years, he went by the surname Gentili-Donati to distinguish himself from the tenor Pietro Gentili.

neg: Nabucco Nabucco (] ; short for Nabucodonosor ] ~] , English Nebuchadnezzar) is an Italian-language opera in four acts composed in 1841 by Giuseppe Verdi to an Italian libretto by Temistocle Solera. The libretto is based on biblical books of Jeremiah and Daniel and the 1836 play by Auguste Anicet-Bourgeois and Francis Cornue, although Antonio Cortese's ballet adaptation of the play (with its necessary simplifications), given at La Scala in 1836, was a more important source for Solera than the play itself. Under its original name of "Nabucodonosor", the opera was first performed at La Scala in Milan on 9 March 1842.

neg: Loreley (opera) Loreley is an opera ("azione romantica") in three acts composed by Alfredo Catalani to a libretto by Angelo Zanardini, Carlo D'Ormeville and others. It premiered on 16 February 1890 at the Teatro Regio in Turin. Based on the German legend of the Lorelei, the opera is an extensive reworking of Catalani's four-act opera "Elda" which had premiered in Turin ten years earlier.

neg: Teatro Quirino The Teatro Quirino is an opera house in Rome opened in 1871. It hosted the premiere of Pietro Mascagni's operetta "Sì".

neg: Idomeneo Idomeneo, re di Creta ossia Ilia e Idamante (Italian for "Idomeneus, King of Crete, or, Ilia and Idamante"; usually referred to simply as Idomeneo, K. 366) is an Italian language opera seria by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. The libretto was adapted by Giambattista Varesco from a French text by Antoine Danchet, which had been set to music by André Campra as "Idoménée" in 1712. Mozart and Varesco were commissioned in 1780 by Karl Theodor, Elector of Bavaria for a court carnival. He probably chose the subject, though it might have been Mozart. The work premiered on 29 January 1781 at the Cuvilliés Theatre in Munich, Germany.

neg: L'Ipermestra L'Ipermestra is an 18th-century Italian opera in 3 acts by the Czech composer Josef Mysliveček composed to a libretto by the Italian poet Metastasio first produced in 1744. This opera (and all the rest of Mysliveček's operas) belong to the serious type in Italian language referred to as "opera seria".

neg: Lando Fiorini Lando Fiorini (born Leopoldo Fiorini in Rome, Italy 27 January 1938) is an Italian actor and singer. He is known for primarily singing songs from Rome in Italian and Romanesco. His cabaret show "Ma ‘ndo vai se il decoder non-ce l’hai" satirizes Italian television.

neg: Ezio (libretto) Ezio is an opera libretto by Metastasio, first officially set to music by Pietro Auletta and premièred in the Teatro delle Dame, Rome, on December 26, 1728; an unauthorized setting by Nicola Porpora had already been premièred a month earlier (November 20) in Venice.

neg: Canción Canción ("song") is a popular genre of Latin American music, particularly in Cuba, where many of the compositions originate. Its roots lie in Spanish popular song forms, including tiranas, polos and boleros; also in Italian light operetta, French romanza, and the slow waltz. Initially, even when written by the creole population of Cuba, who opposed the ruling hierarchy, the music retained its European style of "intricate melodies, and dark, enigmatic and elaborate lyrics" (Orovio).

neg: L'amore si muove L'amore si muove ("Love Moves") is the fourth studio album by Italian operatic pop trio Il Volo. It was released internationally under the title Grande amore (English: "Great Love" )

neg: Mario Frangoulis Mario Frangoulis (Greek: Μάριος Φραγκούλης ; born 1967) is a Greek tenor and is best known for his song, "Vincerò, Perderò". He sings in Italian, Spanish, English, French, and Greek; he is fluent in all five languages.

neg: Serafino Amedeo De Ferrari Serafino Amedeo De Ferrari (6 May 1824 – 27 March 1885) was an Italian composer, conductor, organist, and pianist. He is best known for his operas, of which his most popular were "Pipelè" (1855) and "Il Menestrello" (1859).

neg: L'heure espagnole L'heure espagnole is a 1911 one-act opera, described as a "comédie musicale", with music by Maurice Ravel to a French libretto by Franc-Nohain, based on Franc-Nohain's 1904 play ('comédie-bouffe') of the same name The opera, set in Spain in the 18th century, is about a clockmaker whose unfaithful wife attempts to make love to several different men while he is away, leading to them hiding in, and eventually getting stuck in, her husband's clocks. The title can be translated literally as "The Spanish Hour", but the word "heure" more importantly means "time" – "Spanish Time", with the connotation "How They Keep Time in Spain".

neg: Il Canto degli Italiani "Il Canto degli Italiani" (] , "The Song / Chant of the Italians") is the national anthem of Italy. It is best known among Italians as "Inno di Mameli" (] , "Mameli's Hymn"), after the author of the lyrics, or "Fratelli d'Italia" (] , "Brothers of Italy"), from its opening line. The words were written in the autumn of 1847 in Genoa, by the then 20-year-old student and patriot Goffredo Mameli. Two months later, they were set to music in Turin by another Genoese, Michele Novaro. The hymn enjoyed widespread popularity throughout the period of the Risorgimento and in the following decades. Nevertheless, after the Italian Unification in 1861, the adopted national anthem was the "Marcia Reale" (Royal March), the official hymn of the House of Savoy composed in 1831 by order of King Charles Albert of Sardinia. After the Second World War, Italy became a republic, and on 12 October 1946, "Il Canto degli Italiani" was provisionally chosen as the country's new national anthem. This choice was made official in law only on 23 November 2012.

neg: Un dì, felice, eterea "Un dì, felice, eterea" ("One day, happy and ethereal") is a duet from the first act of Giuseppe Verdi's opera "La Traviata". It is sung by the male and female protagonists of the opera, Alfredo (a tenor) and Violetta (a soprano). The main melody of the duet, which is very famous in its own right, is also an important musical theme throughout the opera. It is also notable for being one of the songs heard in the film "Pretty Woman" and also at the end of "The Bitter Tears of Petra von Kant".


query: A major British multinational retailer headquartered in the City of Westminster, London, that's also known as M&S?

pos: Broadwalk Centre The Broadwalk Centre is a shopping centre located in Edgware, London, and is owned by Scottish Widows Investment Partnership (SWIP), having been purchased from The Carlyle Group and Bride Hall Holdings for £70 million in March 2012. The Broadwalk Centre is a single-storey shopping centre and holds over 20 shops including Sainsbury's, M&S, Boots, WHSmith, Costa Coffee, and Superdrug, as well as disabled and public toilets and baby changing facilities.

pos: Marks & Spencer Marks and Spencer plc (also known as M&S) is a major British multinational retailer headquartered in the City of Westminster, London. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index.

neg: JD Sports JD Sports Fashion plc, more commonly known as just JD (stylized as jD), is a sports-fashion retail company based in Bury, Greater Manchester, England with shops throughout the United Kingdom. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index. It is also a subsidiary of the Pentland Group.

neg: Unilever Unilever ( ) is a Dutch-British transnational consumer goods company co-headquartered in Rotterdam, Netherlands and London, United Kingdom. Its products include food, beverages, cleaning agents and personal care products. It is the world's largest consumer goods company measured by 2012 revenue, and is also the world's largest producer of food spreads, such as margarine. It is Europe’s 7th-most valuable company. Unilever is one of the oldest multinational companies; its products are available in around 190 countries.

neg: Bearmans Bearmans was a small department store located in Leytonstone, London.

neg: Yardley of London Yardley of London, usually referred to simply as Yardley or Yardleys, is an international English-based company and one of the oldest firms in the world to specialise in cosmetics, fragrances and related toiletries  products. Established in 1770, Yardley was a major producer of soap and perfumery by the beginning of the 20th century. By 1910, it moved to London's Bond Street, and in 1921 Yardley received its first Royal Warrant. Today, Yardley holds two Royal Warrants.

neg: Sainsbury's Local Sainsbury’s Convenience Stores Limited (trading as Sainsbury’s Local) is a chain of 770 convenience stores operated by the UK's second largest supermarket chain Sainsbury's. Sainsbury's Local stores have different branding and fascia to the company's supermarkets.

neg: Nigel Northridge Nigel Hargreaves Northridge (born January 1956) is a British businessman, the chairman of the British multinational department store chain, Debenhams from April 2010 to April 2016.

neg: Adams Kids Adams Kids is a children's clothing retailer, based in Paddington, London in the United Kingdom.

neg: BFS Group BFS Group Limited is a foodservice wholesaler and distributor based in the United Kingdom. The company operates as two main divisions, Bidfood and Bidvest Logistics, as well as several specialised or local divisions and brands.

neg: Department store A department store is a retail establishment offering a wide range of consumer goods in different product categories known as "departments". In modern major cities, the department store made a dramatic appearance in the middle of the 19th century, and permanently reshaped shopping habits, and the definition of service and luxury. Similar developments were under way in London (with Whiteleys), in Paris ("Le Bon Marché" in 1852) and in New York (with Stewart's).

neg: Metropolis International Metropolis International Group Limited, established in 1994, is a predominantly UK-based media and technology group specialising in consumer, business and travel media including awards, events and websites, business software and reward & benefit programmes. It currently has 300 employees and runs offices in West London, Croydon, Bolton, Chester, Dublin, Acton and New York City. The company's headquarters are currently located in Acton, West London.

neg: Dunn & Co. Dunn & Co. was a well known British chain of menswear retailers.

neg: Harrods Harrods is a luxury department store located on Brompton Road in Knightsbridge, London. It is owned by the state of Qatar. The Harrods brand also applies to other enterprises undertaken by the Harrods group of companies including Harrods Bank, Harrods Estates, Harrods Aviation and Air Harrods, and to Harrods Buenos Aires, sold by Harrods in 1922 and closed as of 2011 .

neg: Timpson (retailer) Timpson is a British multinational retailer specialising in shoe repairs, key cutting and engraving, as well as dry cleaning & photo processing. The company also offers mobile phone repairs, jewellery and watch repair, custom-made house signs. It is based in Wythenshawe, Manchester, and currently has over 1325 outlets in the United Kingdom and Ireland. In January 2014, Timpson purchased the photographic services franchise, Snappy Snaps, increasing its store count by 118.

neg: Bonmarché Bonmarché ( ) is a clothing retailer based in Wakefield, West Yorkshire. The business was founded in 1982, and was acquired by the Peacock Group in July 2002. The clothing retailer has over 380 stores nationwide, employs over 4,000 people and is the United Kingdom's largest budget fashion retailer selling womenswear in a wide range of sizes – especially plus size clothing.

neg: List of supermarket chains in the United Kingdom This is a list of supermarket chains in the United Kingdom. Grocery sales in the UK are dominated by Tesco, Asda, Sainsbury's and Morrisons. These, dubbed the 'big four', had a combined market share of 73.2% of the UK grocery market in the 12 weeks ending 4 January 2015, a decline from 74.1% in 2007. Discounters Aldi and Lidl have seen a combined rise in market share from 4.8% to 8.3% over that time, while upscale grocer Waitrose's share rose from 3.9% to 5.1%

neg: Fortnum & Mason Fortnum & Mason (colloquially often shortened to just "Fortnum's") is an upmarket department store in Piccadilly, London, with additional stores at St Pancras railway station and Heathrow Airport in London, as well as Dubai and various stockists worldwide. Its headquarters are located at 181 Piccadilly, where it was established in 1707 by William Fortnum and Hugh Mason. Today, it is privately owned by Wittington Investments Ltd.

neg: MK Electric MK Electric is a company that makes electrical accessories. The company's headquarters are in Basildon, Essex, England, from where it sells goods worldwide.

neg: H.R. Owen H.R. Owen is Britain's leading luxury motor dealer, and the world's largest retailer in Rolls-Royce, Bentley, Lamborghini and Bugatti brands. The company is headquartered in London, and operates 14 sales franchises and 17 aftersales franchises.

neg: Multipart Solutions TVS Supply Chain Solutions is a firm that supplies spare parts and components to customers in the automotive, defence and utility sectors in the United Kingdom and Europe.

neg: Pret a Manger Pret a Manger is an international sandwich shop chain based in the United Kingdom, commonly referred to simply as "Pret".


query: What is a second-cycle academic degree awarded by universities or colleges upon completion of a course of study demonstrating mastery or a high-order overview of a specific field of study or area of professional practice, and is a degree offered by Many medical schools which is a tertiary educational institution?

pos: Medical school A medical school is a tertiary educational institution—or part of such an institution—that teaches medicine, and awards a professional degree for physicians and surgeons. Such medical degrees include the Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS, MBChB, BMBS), Doctor of Medicine (MD), or Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO). Many medical schools offer additional degrees, such as a Doctor of Philosophy, Master's degree, a physician assistant program, or other post-secondary education.

pos: Master's degree A master's degree (from Latin "magister") is a second-cycle academic degree awarded by universities or colleges upon completion of a course of study demonstrating mastery or a high-order overview of a specific field of study or area of professional practice. A master's degree normally requires previous study at the bachelor's level, either as a separate degree or as part of an integrated course. Within the area studied, master's graduates are expected to possess advanced knowledge of a specialized body of theoretical and applied topics; high order skills in analysis, critical evaluation, or professional application; and the ability to solve complex problems and think rigorously and independently.

neg: Master of Science in Information Technology A Master of Science in Information Technology (abbreviated M.Sc. IT, MSc IT or MSIT) is a type of postgraduate academic master's degree usually offered in a University's College of Business and in the recent years in integrated Information Science & Technology colleges. The MSIT degree is designed for those managing information technology, especially the information systems development process. The MSIT degree is functionally equivalent to a Master of Information Systems Management, which is one of several specialized master's degree programs recognized by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB). MCA is a three year professional master's degree in the field of computer applications, awarded in India. The MCA program is designed for students with variety of undergraduate backgrounds, such as commerce and science, focusing in the field of IT.

neg: High school diploma A high school diploma is a North American academic school leaving qualification awarded upon high school graduation. The high school diploma is typically studied for over the course of four years, from Grade 9 to Grade 12. The diploma is typically awarded by the school in accordance with the requirements of the local state or provincial government. Requirements for earning the diploma vary by jurisdiction, and there may be different requirements for different streams or levels of high school graduation. Typically they include a combination of selected coursework meeting specified criteria for a particular stream and acceptable passing grades earned on the state exit examination.

neg: University of Medical Technology, Mandalay The University of Medical Technology, Mandalay (Burmese: ဆေးဘက်‌ဆိုင်ရာ နည်းပညာ တက္ကသိုလ် (မန္တလေး) , ] ; formerly, the Institute of Paramedical Science, Mandalay), located in Patheingyi, Mandalay, is one of three institutions of higher learning specialized in paramedical science in Myanmar. The university offers four-year Bachelor of Medical Technology (BMTech) degree programs for Physiotherapy, Radiography and Medical Technology. The university accepts 180 students a year.

neg: Access to Higher Education The Access to Higher Education (HE) Diploma is a U.K. qualification which prepares students — usually mature students — for study as an undergraduate at university. The diploma is designed for people who would like to study in higher education but who left school without qualifications such as A-Levels. Once completed, the access diploma is held in the same standing as A-Levels, allowing holders to study for BA degrees, BSc degrees, HNCs, HNDs, LLBs and other undergraduate degrees.

neg: Foundation school (medical) In the United Kingdom, foundation schools bring together medical schools, the local deanery, trusts (acute, mental health and PCTs) and other organisations (e.g. hospices) to offer foundation doctors training in a range of different settings and clinical environments in order to complete the Foundation Programme. The schools are administered by a centrally located group of staff members which is supported by the deanery.

neg: Master of Arts in Teaching The Master of Arts in Teaching (MAT) or Master of Science in Teaching (MST) degree is generally a pre-service degree that usually requires a minimum of 30 semester hours beyond the bachelor's degree. While the program often requires education classes in order to meet state license requirements, it emphasizes advanced coursework in a specific academic discipline to enhance one's knowledge in that subject area. Furthermore, it focuses on educating the candidate in practical teaching skills for use as a teacher as opposed to focusing on performing research in the educational field. Candidates usually spend a semester as a full time student teacher in order to earn the degree. There are two general models that (MAT or MST) degrees follow: a 5th year model, in which students spend one year extra beyond their bachelor’s degree to earn a master's degree and an initial teaching license, or a "Flex" program, which usually offers part-time weekend and evening courses to accommodate professionals who are changing careers.

neg: Master of Arts in Higher Education A Master of Arts in Higher Education or MAHE degree is a master's degree that enables recipients to work in a variety of higher education-related fields, most notably student development. The degree, which often contains a blend of student development theory, organizational structure theory, research, and practical foci, is a typical entry point into residence life, student activities, international student affairs, and a plethora of other college administration positions.

neg: Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, commonly referred to as Calcutta Medical College, formerly Medical College, Bengal, is a medical school and hospital in the city of Kolkata in the state of West Bengal, India. It was established in 1835. The college imparts the degree Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) as well as specialised and post-doctoral degrees. Nursing and para-medical courses are also offered.

neg: Tertiary education in New Zealand Tertiary education in New Zealand is provided by universities, institutes of technology and polytechnics, private training establishments, industry training organisations, and wānanga (Māori education). It ranges from informal non-assessed community courses in schools through to undergraduate degrees and research-based postgraduate degrees. Post-compulsory education is regulated within the New Zealand Qualifications Framework, a unified system of national qualifications in schools, vocational education and training.

neg: List of universities in Pakistan Higher education in Pakistan is the systematic process of students continuing their education beyond secondary school, learned societies, and two-year colleges. The governance of higher education is maintained under the Higher Education Commission (HEC) which oversees the financial funding, research outputs, and teaching quality in the country. In Pakistan, the higher education system includes the public, private, military, and vocational universities, all accredited by the HEC. Since independence, new universities have expanded throughout the country with support provided by the University Grants Commission (UGC), which had been an autonomous institution of recognizing universities until 2002 when it was preceded by the HEC. Pakistan produces about 445,000 university graduates and 10,000 computer science graduates annually. A number of institutions of higher learning are active in the country, but the HEC recognizes 183 institutions. This article provides a comprehensive list of higher education institutions active in Pakistan.

neg: General chemistry General chemistry (sometimes called "gen chem" for short) is a course often taught at the high school and introductory university level. It is intended to serve as a broad introduction to a variety of concepts in chemistry and is widely taught. At the university level, it is also sometimes used as a "weed out" course for disciplines (sometimes related, sometimes not) which are perceived to require a high level of intellectual rigor or large course loads. It is also one of the few chemistry courses in most universities that does not explicitly explore a particular discipline such as organic chemistry or analytical chemistry.

neg: Licentiate in Medicine and Surgery Licentiate in Medicine and Surgery (also known as Licentiate in Medical Practice in some instances) is a medical degree of historical importance in India. During the British rule of India some universities conferred this qualification. The qualification was conferred on a candidate who, having completed a five-year course, passed the required examination. This was in contrast with the MB degree which was of same duration but the curriculum was larger. Bhore committee, a committee for public health improvement strategies, in 1946 decided to stop the LMC (or, LMP) degree, and recommended a single qualification for all doctors (MBBS). The qualification was known by some other names in some of the states/universities, such as Licentiate of Medical Faculty (LMF).

neg: Second entry degree A second entry degree is a term used for an academic degree that requires completion of minimum 1–2 years of university courses and at times for research oriented programs it requires 3 years. It is most commonly used to refer to programs in Canada and the United States. This programs requires 3-4 yr's of degree or a first professional degree/First-entry degree as a pre-requisite for admission.

neg: College of Osteopaths The College of Osteopaths is a charitable trust that dates from 1948 and provides training leading to a Bachelor of Osteopathy or a Master of Osteopathy degree. The course is designed in part-time mode for the full five years. Lectures take place at the weekends allowing students to continue with full time work until they complete their training. It is validated by Staffordshire University. Uniquely, the course is offered in two locations in the United Kingdom; Borehamwood in Hertfordshire and Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire. The program has been accredited with Recognised Qualification status (RQ) by the national statutory regulatory body The General Osteopathic Council (GOsC).

neg: Law degree A law degree is an academic degree conferred for studies in law. Such degrees are generally preparation for legal careers; but while their curricula may be reviewed by legal authority, they do not themselves confer a license. A legal license is granted (typically by examination) and exercised locally; while the law degree can have local, international, and world-wide aspects- e.g., in Britain the Legal Practice Course is required to become a British solicitor or the Bar Professional Training Course (BPTC) to become a barrister.

neg: UCL Arts and Sciences The UCL Arts & Sciences degree is an interdisciplinary, undergraduate degree at University College London, United Kingdom. It is part of the UCL Faculty of Arts and Humanities for administrative purposes, but it engages fully with all science, social science and humanities faculties across UCL. The degree offers a bespoke programme incorporating both arts and sciences (including social sciences) specialisms with students graduating with a Bachelors in Arts & Sciences (abbreviated "BASc"). The programme offers material from almost all UCL departments, including new modules specifically designed for the course by leading UCL academics.

neg: Vocational university A vocational university, sometimes called professional university, applied technological university, college of higher vocational studies or university of applied sciences, is an institution of higher education and sometimes research, which provides both tertiary and sometimes quaternary education and grants academic degrees at all levels (bachelor, master, and sometimes doctorate) in a variety of subjects.

neg: Associate degree An associate degree (or associate's degree) is an undergraduate academic degree awarded by colleges and universities upon completion of a course of study intended to usually last two years. It is considered to be greater level of education than a high school diploma or GED.

neg: Residency (medicine) Residency is a stage of graduate medical training. A resident or house officer is a physician (one who holds the degree of M.D., D.O., or MBBS, MBChB, or BMed) who practices medicine usually in a hospital or clinic under the direct or indirect supervision of an attending physician. Successful completion of a residency program is a requirement to obtaining an unrestricted license to practice medicine in many jurisdictions. Residency training may be followed by fellowship or "sub-specialty" training.

neg: Engineer's degree An engineer's degree is an advanced academic degree in engineering that is conferred in Europe, some countries of Latin America, and a few institutions in the United States.


query: "I'm a Little Bit Country" is the fourth episode of the seventh season of a tv series created by what two people?

pos: I'm a Little Bit Country "I'm a Little Bit Country" (also known as "The South Park KICK-ASS 100th episode TV special") is the fourth episode of the seventh season of the American animated television series "South Park", and the 100th episode of the series overall. It originally aired on Comedy Central in the United States on April 9, 2003. The episode title is based on the song "I'm a Little Bit Country" by Marty Cooper, as made famous by Donny and Marie Osmond.

pos: South Park (season 7) Season seven of "South Park", an American animated television series created by Trey Parker and Matt Stone, began airing on March 19, 2003. The seventh season concluded after 15 episodes on December 17, 2003, and was written and directed by Trey Parker.

neg: The Inbetweeners The Inbetweeners is a British coming of age sitcom television series originally aired on E4 from 2008–2010, created and written by Damon Beesley and Iain Morris. The series followed the misadventures of suburban teenager Will (Simon Bird) and his friends Simon (Joe Thomas), Neil (Blake Harrison), and Jay (James Buckley) at the fictional Rudge Park Comprehensive. The episodes involved situations of school life, uncaring school staff, friendship, male bonding, and largely failed sexual encounters.

neg: History of Blake's 7 Blake's 7 is a British science fiction television programme that was produced by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) for its station BBC1. Set in the far future, "Blake's 7" follows the fortunes of a group of rebels in their fight against the dictatorial Terran Federation Four thirteen-episode series were produced between 1978 and 1981. "Blake's 7" was created by Terry Nation, who later described it as ""The Dirty Dozen" in space”

neg: Humans (TV series) Humans (stylised as HUM∀NS) is a science fiction television series that debuted on 14 June 2015 on Channel 4 and AMC. Written by the British team Sam Vincent and Jonathan Brackley, based on the award-winning Swedish science fiction drama "Real Humans", the series explores the themes of artificial intelligence and robotics, focusing on the social, cultural, and psychological impact of the invention of anthropomorphic robots called "synths". The series is produced jointly by AMC in the United States, and Channel 4 and Kudos in Britain.

neg: The Tomorrow People (U.S. TV series) The Tomorrow People is an American science fiction television series developed by Greg Berlanti, Phil Klemmer, and Julie Plec which aired on The CW during the 2013–14 American television season. It was a remake of the original British television series of the same name, created by Roger Price, which ran from 1973–79. The series follows a group of young people who possess psionic powers as the result of human evolution.

neg: Getting By Getting By is an American sitcom that aired on ABC from March 5, 1993, until May 21, 1993, and on NBC from September 21, 1993, until June 18, 1994. The series was created by William Bickley and Michael Warren, who also served as executive producers with Thomas L. Miller and Robert L. Boyett. The final Miller-Boyett series to begin its run under parent studio Lorimar Television, "Getting By" was folded into Warner Bros. Television for its second season, following Warner Bros.' absorption of Lorimar.

neg: The Mighty Boosh (TV series) The Mighty Boosh is a British comedy television show created by Julian Barratt, Noel Fielding and others (collectively known as The Mighty Boosh).

neg: McGee and Me! The Adventures of McGee and Me! is an American Christian television series created by Ken C. Johnson and Bill Myers. The series premiered on June 4, 1989, spanning twelve episodes until its conclusion on June 11, 1995. Each half-hour-long episode centers on Nicholas, his cartoon friend, McGee, and the moral lessons they learn as Nick grows up after moving to a new town. "McGee and Me!" deals with issues such as honesty ("The Big Lie"), bullying ("Skate Expectations"), and faith in God ("Twister and Shout").

neg: Friends (season 7) The seventh season of "Friends", an American sitcom created by David Crane and Marta Kauffman, premiered on NBC on October 12, 2000. "Friends" was produced by Bright/Kauffman/Crane Productions, in association with Warner Bros. Television. The season contains 24 episodes and concluded airing on May 17, 2001.

neg: Dynamic Duets "Dynamic Duets" is the seventh episode of the fourth season of the American musical television series "Glee", and the seventy-third episode overall. Written and directed by series co-creator Ian Brennan, it aired on Fox in the United States on November 22, 2012.

neg: Cheers (season 4) The fourth season of "Cheers", an American television sitcom, originally aired on NBC in the United States between September 26, 1985, and May 15, 1986, as part of the network's Thursday lineup. This season marks Woody Harrelson's television debut as Woody Boyd after Nicholas Colasanto, who portrayed Coach Ernie Pantusso, died during the previous season. The show was created by director James Burrows and writers Glen and Les Charles, under production team Charles Burrows Charles Productions, in association with Paramount Television.

neg: List of The Simpsons episodes "The Simpsons" is an American animated television sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company. It is a satirical depiction of a middle class American lifestyle epitomized by its eponymous family, which consists of Homer, Marge, Bart, Lisa, and Maggie. The show is set in the fictional town of Springfield, and lampoons American culture, society, and television, as well as many aspects of the human condition. The family was conceived by Groening shortly before a pitch for a series of animated shorts with producer James L. Brooks. Groening created a dysfunctional family and named the characters after members of his own family, substituting Bart for his own name. The shorts became a part of the Fox series "The Tracey Ullman Show" on April 19, 1987. After a three-season run, the sketch was developed into a half-hour prime-time show that was an early hit for Fox.

neg: Cheers (season 7) The seventh season of "Cheers", an American television sitcom, originally aired on NBC in the United States between October 27, 1988 and May 4, 1989. The show was created by director James Burrows and writers Glen and Les Charles under production team Charles Burrows Charles Productions, in association with Paramount Television.

neg: Apple's Way Apple's Way is an American drama television series which aired Sundays at 7:30 pm (EST) on CBS from 1974 to 1975. It was created by Earl Hamner, Jr.

neg: Buck Rogers in the 25th Century (TV series) Buck Rogers in the 25th Century is an American science-fiction adventure television series produced by Universal Studios. The series ran for two seasons between 1979 and 1981, and the feature-length pilot episode for the series was released as a theatrical film, before the series aired. The film and series were developed by Glen A. Larson and Leslie Stevens, based on the character Buck Rogers created in 1928 by Philip Francis Nowlan that had previously been featured in comic strips, novellas, a serial film, and on television and radio.

neg: The Fosters (2013 TV series) The Fosters is an American family drama television series created by Peter Paige and Bradley Bredeweg which first premiered in the United States on June 3, 2013 on the Freeform (previously named ABC Family) television network. It follows the lives of the Foster family led by lesbian couple Stef and Lena, a cop and school vice principal respectively, who raise one biological and four adopted children in San Diego, California.

neg: The Simpsons discography "The Simpsons" is an American animated television sitcom created by Matt Groening that has aired on the Fox Broadcasting Company since December 1989. It is a satirical parody of a middle class American lifestyle epitomized by its eponymous family, which consists of Homer, Marge, Bart, Lisa and Maggie. The show is set in the fictional town of Springfield, and lampoons American culture, society, and many aspects of the human condition. The popularity of "The Simpsons" led to the release of the 1990 double platinum album "The Simpsons Sing the Blues", which contains original songs performed by the cast members of the show as their characters. The album spawned two hit singles—"Do the Bartman" and "Deep, Deep Trouble". A less successful sequel, "The Yellow Album", was released in 1998.

neg: Adventure Time (season 7) The seventh season of "Adventure Time", an American animated television series created by Pendleton Ward, premiered on Cartoon Network on November 2, 2015 and concluded on March 19, 2016. The season was produced by Cartoon Network Studios and Frederator Studios. The season follows the adventures of Finn, a human boy, and his best friend and adoptive brother Jake, a dog with magical powers to change shape and size at will. Finn and Jake live in the post-apocalyptic Land of Ooo, where they interact with the other main characters of the show: Princess Bubblegum, The Ice King, Marceline the Vampire Queen, Lumpy Space Princess, BMO, and Flame Princess.

neg: Public Morals (1996 TV series) Public Morals is an American sitcom that aired on the CBS network in October 1996. Created and executive produced by Steven Bochco and Jay Tarses, the series was poorly received and was canceled after airing only one episode.

neg: Tom Warburton Thomas Warburton (born August 31, 1968), often credited as Mr. Warburton, is an American animator, producer, writer and designer. He is best known for creating the animated television series "". He also created the animated short "Kenny and the Chimp". Prior to that he served as production designer on the first season of "Beavis and Butt-Head" and was the lead character designer for the animated series "Pepper Ann". He is also the author of the book "A Thousand Times No". Since moving to Los Angeles in 2009 he has worked at Disney Television Animation serving as creative director on "Fish Hooks" and co-executive producer on "The 7D".

neg: 'A' Is for A-l-i-v-e "'A' Is for A-l-i-v-e" is the first episode, and the premiere of the fourth season of the American mystery drama television series "Pretty Little Liars", and is the 72nd episode overall, which aired on ABC Family on June 11, 2013. The episode was written and directed by showrunner I. Marlene King, marking the second episode King has directed for the TV series.


query: Which Swedish author and teacher wrote the 1912 novel Thy Soul Shall Bear Witness! ?

pos: Thy Soul Shall Bear Witness! Thy Soul Shall Bear Witness! (Swedish: Körkarlen) is a 1912 novel by the Swedish author Selma Lagerlöf. It was translated into English by William Frederick Harvey in 1921. Lagerlöf was commissioned to write it by a Swedish association as a means of public education about tuberculosis ("consumption"). It has been dramatized for the screen twice in Sweden and once in France, under various English titles of "The Phantom Carriage", "The Phantom Chariot" and "The Stroke of Midnight" and "Thy Soul Shall Bear Witness".

pos: Selma Lagerlöf Selma Ottilia Lovisa Lagerlöf (] ; 20 November 1858 – 16 March 1940) was a Swedish author and teacher. She was the first female writer to win the Nobel Prize in Literature.

neg: Gunnar Björling Gunnar Olof Björling, (31 May 1887 – 11 July 1960) was a Swedish-speaking Finnish poet. He was one of the leading figures of Finnish-Swedish modernist literature, along with Elmer Diktonius, Edith Södergran and Hagar Olsson.

neg: Bjarne Slapgard Bjarne Slapgard (11 November 1901 – 25 December 1997) was a Norwegian educator and author.

neg: Maria Gripe Maria Gripe, born Maja Stina Walter (25 July 1923 – 5 April 2007), was a Swedish author of books for children and young adults, often written in a magical and mystical tone. For her lasting contribution to children's literature she received the Hans Christian Andersen Medal for Writing in 1974.

neg: Per Bergman Per H. Bergman (May 15, 1886 – October 18, 1950) was a Swedish sailor who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.

neg: Knut Ahnlund Knut Emil Ahnlund (24 May 1923 – 28 November 2012) was a Swedish literary historian, writer, and member of the Swedish Academy.

neg: Charles Heath Wilson Charles Heath Wilson (1809–1882) was an Anglo-Scottish art teacher and author,

neg: Josefina Deland Josefina (Josephine) Deland (Stockholm, 1 October 1814 – Paris, 8 March 1890), was a Swedish feminist, writer and a teacher in French. She founded "Svenska lärarinnors pensionsförening" (Society for Retired Female Teachers), where she served as chairperson from its foundation in 1855 to 1859.

neg: Dan Andersson Dan Andersson (6 April 1888, Ludvika – 16 September 1920, Stockholm) was a Swedish author, poet and composer. A "nom de plume" he sometimes used was "Black Jim". Although counted among the Swedish proletarian authors, his works are not limited to that genre.

neg: August Hjalmar Edgren August Hjalmar Edgren (October 18, 1840 – December 9, 1903) was a Swedish-American linguist, professor, and author.

neg: Gustafva Lindskog Gustafva "Stafva" Carolina Lindskog (1794-1851), was a Swedish athlete. She was a pioneer within the field of physical education of females in Sweden, and likely the first female teacher in physical education of her country.

neg: Swedish realism Swedish realism is the period in Swedish literature that encompassed the last two decades of the 19th century. It is generally considered to have ended in the 1910s but the exact year is a matter of debate.

neg: Jeanna Oterdahl Jeanna Louise Oterdahl, born 9 August 1879 in Uddevalla, Sweden, dead 25 July 1965, was a Swedish educator, author and poet.

neg: Swedish children's literature The Swedish children's literature tradition was initiated by the Swedish-speaking Finn Zacharius Topelius in the 19th century. It flourished at the dawn of the 20th century with Elsa Beskow (1874–1953), who wrote and illustrated some 40 children's stories between 1897–1952. Her books were beloved and have continued to be reprinted in Sweden and many other languages.

neg: Karin Smirnov Karin Smirnov or Smirnoff, née Strindberg (26 February 1880 – 10 May 1973) was a Finland-Swedish writer. She was the daughter of August Strindberg and Siri von Essen.

neg: Anna Sandström "Anna" Maria Carolina Sandström (3 September 1854, Stockholm – 26 May 1931, Stockholm) was a Swedish feminist, reform pedagogue and a pioneer within the educational system of her country. She is referred to as the leading reform pedagogue within female education in Sweden in the late 19th century.

neg: Wilhelm Forsberg Fred Wilhelm Forsberg (March 12, 1862 – December 25, 1939) was a Swedish sailor who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.

neg: Gabriel Jönsson Gabriel Jönsson (July 18, 1892 – April 23, 1984) was a Swedish author and poet, best known for his works inspired by Öresund and farming.

neg: Nils Ferlin Nils Ferlin (December 11, 1898 - October 21, 1961) was a Swedish poet and lyricist.

neg: Kata Dalström Anna Maria Katarina "Kata" Dalström, née Carlberg (18 December 1858, Emtöholm, Västervik Municipality, Kalmar County – 11 December 1923, Stockholm), was a Swedish socialist and writer. She belonged to the leading socialist agitators and leftist writers in contemporary Sweden, and has been referred to as "the mother of the Swedish socialist working class movement".

neg: Karin Stenberg Maria Katrina Stenberg (1 May 1884 - 23 March 1969), commonly known as Karin Stenberg, was a Swedish-Sami teacher and activist in the early Sami unification movement in Sweden.


query: Assassin's Creed Unity and Just Dance are published by what software company?

pos: Assassin's Creed Unity Assassin's Creed Unity is an action-adventure video game developed by Ubisoft Montreal and published by Ubisoft. It was released in November 2014 for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One. It is the eighth major installment in the "Assassin's Creed" series, and the successor to 2013's "". It also has ties to "Assassin's Creed Rogue" which was released for the previous generation consoles the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 on the same date.

pos: Assassin's Creed Rogue Assassin's Creed Rogue is an action-adventure video game developed by Ubisoft Sofia and published by Ubisoft. It is the seventh major installment in the "Assassin's Creed" series, and acts as a sequel to 2013's "" and a prequel to 2012's "Assassin's Creed III" with its final mission being the prologue to 2014's "Assassin's Creed Unity". It is the last of the "Assassin's Creed" games to be released for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360, Ubisoft announcing that the company will no longer release games for them, except for its casual rhythm series "Just Dance". The game was first released for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in November and December 2014, and released for Microsoft Windows on March 10, 2015.

neg: Doublesix Doublesix is a subsidiary of Kuju Entertainment based in Guildford that develops video games for the digital download market. The studio was formed from the team that made "". They also made the zombie themed shooter, "Burn Zombie Burn!". The company has received awards and nominations since its inception; notably that of the develop "Best New UK Studio 2008" and a nomination for best hand-held game ("") at the 2009 BAFTAs. They also worked on a successor to "Burn Zombie Burn!", entitled "All Zombies Must Die!".

neg: Just Dance 2018 Just Dance 2018 is an upcoming dance rhythm game developed by Ubisoft. It was unveiled on June 12, 2017, during its E3 press conference, and it will be released in October 2017 for PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360, Xbox One, Wii, Wii U, and Nintendo Switch.

neg: Egosoft Egosoft GmbH (formerly Ego Software) is a German video game developer based in Würselen, Germany. The company was founded by Bernd Lehahn in Herzogenrath in June 1988 as Ego Software, and incorporated as Egosoft GbR in 1990, though still trading as Ego Software until 1998. In 2006, the company re-incoprorated as Egosoft GmbH.

neg: Dataware Games Dataware is a casual gaming developer and software developer and publisher of mini-game software such as Quad Quest series and children games Coloring Book.

neg: FromSoftware FromSoftware, Inc. (株式会社フロム・ソフトウェア , Kabushikigaisha Furomu Sofutowea ) is a Japanese video game company founded in November 1986. The company is known primarily outside Japan for being the developers of the "Armored Core" and "Souls" series, as well as "Bloodborne".

neg: Z Sculpt Z Sculpt Entertainment is a two-person software company founded in 1996 by Zackary Black and Zack Morris. It develops Macintosh-only games and other software. Most of the company's activity happened in the 1990s.

neg: VisualArt's VisualArt's (株式会社ビジュアルアーツ , Kabushikigaisha Bijuaru Ātsu ) , formerly Visual Artist Office (ビジュアルアーティストオフィス , Bijuaru Ātisuto Ofisu ) , is a Japanese publishing company specializing in the publishing and distribution of visual novels for a large list of game developers. VisualArt's has developed the game engines their brands currently use, including the current engine, called Siglus, and older engines RealLive and AVG32. VisualArt's also handles the selling and distribution of these games. The games published are mostly for a male audience, though they also publish games targeted towards women as well. They are well known for the publishing of games by the studio Key such as the famous visual novels "Kanon", "Air", and "Clannad".

neg: List of Ubisoft subsidiaries Ubisoft is a French multinational video game publisher, headquartered in Rennes, France. It was founded in March 1986 by the Guillemot brothers. Since its establishment, Ubisoft had slowly become one of the largest video game publishers. It also has the second-largest in-house development team, with more than 10000 staff members working on various properties in 33 video game studios established in different parts of the world. It is a third-party developer and mostly publishes games made internally.

neg: Holodance Holodance is a collaborative multiplayer virtual reality rhythm video game developed and published by narayana games for Microsoft Windows in which players can either dance with dragons to have an environmentally themed story unfold with each of the twelve levels, or play any osu!-beatmap in one of the fifteen environments available in free mode. As a Virtual Reality rhythm game, Holodance can be classified as fitness game due to the requirement to move your arms and often the full body to interact with the gameplay mechanics, giving players a "workout".

neg: Agatsuma Entertainment Agatsuma Entertainment (アガツマ・エンタテインメント) was a Japanese video game publishing company established in 1997. It mainly published titles for the Nintendo DS, Wii, and Nintendo 3DS platforms. They also had an agency business, coordinating deals between developers and publishers worldwide. The company dissolved on December 11, 2015 and fully liquidated on March 31, 2016.

neg: XS Software XS Software JSCo is a Bulgarian worldwide producer, developer and publisher of browser-based multiplayer online games with more than 40 million registered and 4 000 000 daily active players.

neg: Infinite Dreams Inc. Infinite Dreams Inc. or Infinite Dreams is a game development studio located in Gliwice, Poland. The company was founded in 2002 and develops games for a range of digital platforms such as iOS, Android, Mac OS X, Windows Phone and Symbian. The studio is best known for its "Sky Force" series. Games developed by Infinite Dreams have been downloaded over 25.000.000 times worldwide.

neg: Ghostlight Ghostlight is a British multi-platform video game publisher based in the United Kingdom, established as a subsidiary of Midas Interactive Entertainment in 2004. The company primarily brings Japanese titles to the European market.

neg: Just Dance 2 Just Dance 2 is a dance video game developed by Ubisoft Paris and Ubisoft Milan and published by Ubisoft. The game was released exclusively for Wii on 12 October 2010 in North America and in Australia and Europe on October 14, 2010, as a sequel to "Just Dance". "Just Dance 2" focuses on improvements and enhancements to the original game, including the addition of new co-operative "Duet" routines, a team-based battle mode, a new exergaming-oriented mode known as "Just Sweat", and support for new songs to be bought for the game as downloadable content.

neg: Take-Two Interactive Take-Two Interactive Software, Inc. is an American multinational publisher and distributor of video games and video game peripherals. Take-Two wholly owns publishers Rockstar Games and 2K Games. The company's headquarters are in New York City, with international headquarters in Windsor, United Kingdom. Development studio locations include San Diego, Vancouver, Toronto and Novato, California. Notable game series published by Take-Two include "Grand Theft Auto", "Civilization", "NBA 2K", "BioShock" and "Borderlands". As owner of 2K Games, Take-Two publishes its 2K Sports titles, and creates free-to-play mobile titles through Social Point. It also acted as the publisher of Bethesda Softworks's 2006 game, "". As of September 2017, it is the third largest publicly-traded game company (after Activision Blizzard and Electronic Arts) in the Americas and Europe.

neg: Silicon Studio Silicon Studio is a Japanese computer graphics technology company and video game developer based in Tokyo. As a technology company, Silicon Studio has produced several products in the 3D computer graphics field, including middleware software, such as a post-processing visual effects library called YEBIS, as well as general real-time graphics engines and game development engines, such as OROCHI and Mizuchi, a physically based rendering engine. As a video game developer, Silicon Studio has worked on different titles for several gaming platforms, most notably, the action-adventure game "3D Dot Game Heroes" on the PlayStation 3, the role-playing video game "Bravely Default" on the Nintendo 3DS, and "Fantasica" on the iOS and Android mobile platforms.

neg: Imagination Games Imagination Games is a multi-platform game company that creates, produces and distributes interactive entertainment.

neg: Cyberdreams (UK) Cyberdreams is a British video game developer, based in Liverpool, Merseyside. The company was founded in 2007, but remained dormant until 2012, when it released its first two titles, remakes of Ultrasoft's puzzle games "Atomix" and "Hexagonia" for Android based tablets and smartphones.

neg: Ubisoft Paris Ubisoft Paris SASU (formerly Ubi Soft Paris SASU) is a French video game developer founded in 1986. It's also Ubisoft's headquarters. The studio is known for the "Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon", "Raving Rabbids" and "Just Dance" video game series.

neg: List of Square Enix video game franchises Square Enix is a Japanese video game development and publishing company formed from the merger of video game developer Square and publisher Enix on April 1, 2003. The company is best known for its role-playing video game franchises, which include the "Final Fantasy" series, the "Dragon Quest" series, and the action role-playing "Kingdom Hearts" series. Since its inception, the company has developed or published hundreds of titles in various video game franchises on numerous gaming systems. Of its properties, the "Final Fantasy" franchise is the best-selling, with a total worldwide sales of over 110 million units. The "Dragon Quest" series has shipped over 66 million units worldwide and is one of the most popular video game series in Japan, while the "Kingdom Hearts" series has shipped over 22 million copies worldwide.


query: What the current role of the person who defined spatial intelligence in humans?

pos: Spatial intelligence (psychology) Spatial Intelligence is an area in the theory of multiple intelligences that deals with spatial judgment and the ability to visualize with the mind's eye. It is defined by Howard Gardner as a human computational capacity that provides the ability or mental skill to solve spatial problems of navigation, visualization of objects from different angles and space, faces or scenes recognition or to notice fine details. Gardner further explains that Spatial Intelligence could be more effective to solve problems in areas related to realistic, thing-oriented, and investigative occupations. This capability is a brain skill that is also found in people with visual impairment. As researched by Gardner, a blind person can recognize shapes in a non-visual way. The spatial reasoning of the blind person allows them to translate tactile sensations into mental calculation of length and visualisation of form.

pos: Howard Gardner Howard Earl Gardner (born July 11, 1943) is an American developmental psychologist and the John H. and Elisabeth A. Hobbs Professor of Cognition and Education at the Harvard Graduate School of Education at Harvard University. He is currently the senior director of Harvard Project Zero, and since 1995, he has been the co-director of The Good Project.

neg: Mental Rotations Test The Mental Rotations Test is a test of spatial ability by Steven G. Vandenberg and Allan R. Kuse, first published in 1978. It has been used in hundreds of studies since then.

neg: Amy Bastian Amy Jo Bastian (born 23 July 1968) is an American neuroscientist, who has made important contributions to the neuroscience of sensorimotor control. From 2011 she has been a Professor of Neuroscience at Johns Hopkins University. In 2015 Bastian was appointed Chief Science Officer at the Kennedy Krieger Institute

neg: The Computational Brain The Computational Brain is a book by Patricia Churchland and Terrence J. Sejnowski and published in 1992 by The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, ISBN  . It has cover blurbs by Karl Pribram, Francis Crick, and Carver Mead.

neg: Luc Anselin Luc Anselin (born December 1, 1953) is one of the principal developers of the field of spatial econometrics.

neg: Stuart J. Russell Stuart Jonathan Russell (born 1962) is a computer scientist known for his contributions to artificial intelligence. He is a Professor of Computer Science at the University of California, Berkeley and Adjunct Professor of Neurological Surgery at the University of California, San Francisco.

neg: Humanistic intelligence Humanistic Intelligence (HI) is defined, in the context of wearable computing, by Marvin Minsky, Ray Kurzweil, and Steve Mann, as follows:

neg: Stanford–Binet Intelligence Scales The Stanford–Binet Intelligence Scales (or more commonly the Stanford-Binet) is an individually administered intelligence test that was revised from the original Binet-Simon Scale by Lewis M. Terman, a psychologist at Stanford University. The Stanford–Binet Intelligence Scale is now in its fifth edition (SB5) and was released in 2003. It is a cognitive ability and intelligence test that is used to diagnose developmental or intellectual deficiencies in young children. The test measures five weighted factors and consists of both verbal and nonverbal subtests. The five factors being tested are knowledge, quantitative reasoning, visual-spatial processing, working memory, and fluid reasoning.

neg: Mark Steedman Mark Jerome Steedman, FBA, FRSE (born 18 September 1946) is a computational linguist and cognitive scientist.

neg: Spatial normalization In neuroimaging, spatial normalization is an image processing step, more specifically an image registration method. Human brains differ in size and shape, and one goal of spatial normalization is to deform human brain scans so one location in one subject's brain scan corresponds to the same location in another subject's brain scan.

neg: Augmented cognition Augmented cognition is an interdisciplinary area of psychology and engineering, attracting researchers from the more traditional fields of human-computer interaction, psychology, ergonomics and neuroscience. Augmented cognition research generally focuses on tasks and environments where human-computer interaction and interfaces already exist. Developers, leveraging the tools and findings of neuroscience, aim to develop applications which capture the human user's cognitive state in order to drive real-time computer systems. In doing so, these systems are able to provide operational data specifically targeted for the user in a given context. Three major areas of research in the field are: Cognitive State Assessment (CSA), Mitigation Strategies (MS), and Robust Controllers (RC). A subfield of the science, Augmented Social Cognition, endeavours to enhance the "ability of a group of people to remember, think, and reason."

neg: Guy André Boy Guy André Boy (born May 25, 1952) is a French and American Scientist, Fellow of the Air and Space Academy. He was University Professor and Dean of the School of Human-Centered Design Innovation and Art at Florida Institute of Technology (FIT), which he created, from 2015 to 2017. He was Senior Research Scientist at Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition (IHMC). He was Chief Scientist for Human-Centered Design at NASA Kennedy Space Center (KSC) from 2010 to 2016. He is known for his work on intelligent assistance, cognitive function analysis, human-centered design (HCD), orchestration of life-critical systems and tangible interactive systems.

neg: Developmental Science Developmental Science is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering developmental psychology and developmental cognitive neuroscience that was established in 1998. The current editors are Charles A. Nelson, Michelle de Haan, and Paul C. Quinn.

neg: Artificial intelligence Artificial intelligence (AI, also machine intelligence, MI) is apparently intelligent behaviour by machines, rather than the "natural intelligence" ("NI") of humans and other animals. In computer science AI research is defined as the study of "intelligent agents": any device that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chance of success at some goal. Colloquially, the term "artificial intelligence" is applied when a machine mimics "cognitive" functions that humans associate with other human minds, such as "learning" and "problem solving".

neg: Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC), developed by David Wechsler, is an individually administered intelligence test for children between the ages of 6 and 16. The Fifth Edition (WISC-V; Wechsler, 2014) is the most current version.

neg: Cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome Cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome (CCAS), also called "Schmahmann's syndrome" is a condition that follows from lesions (damage) to the cerebellum of the brain. This syndrome, described by Dr. Jeremy Schmahmann and his colleagues refers to a constellation of deficits in the cognitive domains of executive function, spatial cognition, language, and affect resulting from damage to the cerebellum. Impairments of executive function include problems with planning, set-shifting, abstract reasoning, verbal fluency, and working memory, and there is often perseveration, distractibility and inattention. Language problems include dysprosodia, agrammatism and mild anomia. Deficits in spatial cognition produce visual–spatial disorganization and impaired visual–spatial memory. Personality changes manifest as blunting of affect or disinhibited and inappropriate behavior. These cognitive impairments result in an overall lowering of intellectual function. CCAS challenges the traditional view of the cerebellum being responsible solely for regulation of motor functions. It is now thought that the cerebellum is responsible for monitoring both motor and nonmotor functions. The nonmotor deficits described in CCAS are believed to be caused by dysfunction in cerebellar connections to the cerebral cortex and limbic system.

neg: Lennart Heimer Lennart Heimer (11 March 1930 – 12 March 2007), was a Swedish-American neuroscientist and professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the University of Virginia. He was most noted for mapping circuits of the brain in the limbic lobe and basal ganglia, structures that play central roles in emotion processing and movement.

neg: W. Maxwell Cowan William Maxwell Cowan (27 September 1931 – 30 June 2002) was a South African neuroscientist known for his work on developmental plasticity and neural connectivity. He is credited with helping to contribute to the growth of modern neuroanatomy through his use of novel anterograde tracing techniques which fundamentally transformed the field in the 1970s. Cowan was vice-president and chief scientific officer of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute from 1987 until his retirement in 2000.

neg: Michael Corballis Michael Charles Corballis ONZM (born 10 September 1936) is a psychologist and author. He is emeritus professor at the Department of Psychology at the University of Auckland, New Zealand. His fields of research are cognitive neuroscience, including visual perception, visual imagery, attention, memory and the evolution of language.

neg: Distributed cognition Distributed cognition is an approach to cognitive science research that deploys models of the extended mind (see, for example, the paper "The Extended Mind") by taking as the fundamental unit of analysis "a collection of individuals and artifacts and their relations to each other in a particular work practice" . "DCog" is a specific approach to distributed cognition (distinct from other meanings) which takes a computational perspective towards goal-based activity systems. Dcog frameworks employed were originally developed in the mid-1980s by Edwin Hutchins, who continues to be the leading pioneer and whose research is based at the University of California at San Diego.

neg: Organizational architecture Organizational space describes the influence of the spatial environment on the health, the mind, and the behavior of humans in and around organizations. It is an area of research in which interdisciplinarity is a central perspective. It draws from management, organization and architecture added with knowledge from, for instance, environmental psychology, social medicine, or spatial science. In essence, it may be regarded as a special field of expertise of organization studies and change management (people) applied to architecture. This perspective on organizational architecture is elaborated in organizational space.


query: Gregg A. Sturdevant is a retired United States Marine Corps major general, from February 2012 to February 2013, he commanded the Marines' aviation wing at which 1,600 acre Afghan Armed Forces base in Helmand Province, Afghanistan?

pos: Gregg A. Sturdevant Gregg A. Sturdevant is a retired United States Marine Corps major general. At the time of his retirement, he was the director of strategic planning and policy for U.S. Pacific Command. From February 2012 to February 2013, he commanded the Marines' aviation wing at Camp Leatherneck/Camp Bastion in Afghanistan.

pos: Camp Leatherneck Camp Leatherneck is a 1,600 acre Afghan Armed Forces base in Helmand Province, Afghanistan. The site is mostly in Washir District and is conjoined with Camp Bastion, the main British military base in Afghanistan.

neg: 3rd Battalion, 5th Marines 3rd Battalion, 5th Marines (3/5) is an infantry battalion in the United States Marine Corps. The battalion, nicknamed "Darkhorse", is based at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, California and consists of approximately 1,000 Marines and Fleet Marine Force Navy personnel. The 3rd Battalion falls under the command of the 5th Marine Regiment which falls under the command of the 1st Marine Division.

neg: Domna (air base) Domna is a Russian Air Force base in Chita, Russia located 27 km southwest of Chita. It is a large, hardened facility with six areas of revetments probably holding 50 fighter aircraft. MiG-23 aircraft from Domna were deployed to Shindand, Afghanistan in the late 1980s.

neg: Helmand Province Helmand ( ; Pashto/Dari: هلمند), also known as Hillmand, and, in ancient times, as Hermand and Hethumand is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan, in the south of the country. It is the largest province by area, covering 58,584 km2 area. The province contains 13 districts, encompassing over 1,000 villages, and roughly 879,500 settled people. Lashkar Gah serves as the provincial capital.

neg: Firebase Neville Firebase Neville (also known as FSB Neville and LZ Neville) is a former U.S. Marine Corps base north of Khe Sanh in Quảng Trị Province, Vietnam.

neg: Arnold Air Force Base Arnold Air Force Base (ICAO: KAYX, FAA LID: AYX) is a United States Air Force base located in Coffee and Franklin counties, Tennessee, adjacent to the city of Tullahoma. It is named for General Henry "Hap" Arnold, the father of the U.S. Air Force.

neg: Lashkargah Lashkargāh (Pashto: لښکرګاه ; Persian: لشکرگاه  ), historically called Bost or Boost (بست، بوست ), is a city in southern Afghanistan and the capital of Helmand Province. It is located in Lashkargah District, where the Arghandab River merges into the Helmand River. The city has a population of 201,546 as of 2006. Lashkargah is linked by major roads with Kandahar to the east, Zaranj on the border with Iran to the west, and Herat to the north-west. It is mostly very arid and desolate. However, farming does exist around the Helmand and Arghandab rivers. Bost Airport is located on the east bank of the Helmand River, five miles north of the junction of the Helmand and Argahandab rivers.

neg: 2017 Sangin airstrike The 2017 Sangin airstrike was an American bombing of the Sangin District in the Helmand Province in Afghanistan. The United Nations mission in Afghanistan stated that "initial inquiries suggest that the airstrikes killed at least 18 civilians, nearly all women and children." A spokesman for the Afghan defense ministry, Dawlat Waziri, denied the reports of civilian casualties but witnesses in the area corroborated the UN report that there were no Taliban members in the area and that U.S. troops had visited the neighborhood days before the incident. The governor of the Helmand Province also corroborated that civilians were killed following the province's own independent analysis of the incident. Elders from Sangin put the number of civilian fatalities higher at 22 killed. Brigadier General Charles H. Cleveland, a spokesman for the international coalition, confirmed that the U.S. had conducted approximately 30 airstrikes in Sangin the week prior. The airstrike was also referred to as the Second Sangin airstrike, seeing as the U.S. had previously conducted an airstrike in Sangin in July 2010 that killed numerous civilians.

neg: Camp Horno Camp Horno is a camp at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton in San Diego County, California. It is the home of the 1st Marine Regiment, sometimes known as "Inchon".

neg: Guzara Guzara (Gozareh) is a village and the center of Guzara District in Herat Province, Afghanistan on at 992 m altitude. The Herat Airfield is very close to the village to the east.

neg: Marine Wing Headquarters Squadron 1 Marine Wing Headquarters Squadron 1 is the headquarters element of the 1st Marine Aircraft Wing and is located at Marine Corps Base Camp Smedley D. Butler on Okinawa, Japan.

neg: 455th Air Expeditionary Wing The 455th Air Expeditionary Wing is a provisional United States Air Force USAFCENT unit located to Bagram Airfield, Afghanistan. It is one of two expeditionary wings in Afghanistan. Most of the wing personnel are located at the Air Force Village known as Camp Cunningham.

neg: Dahaneh, Afghanistan Dahaneh (Qaryah-ye Dahaneh, Qaryah-ye Dahānah) is a town in Helmand Province, Afghanistan. It is located at a crossroads and has a population of about 2,000 (2009 estimate). Elevation is 1147 m . It was the site of the Battle of Dahaneh, 12 August to 15 August 2009, between Taliban insurgents and elements of the Afghan National Army and the United States Marines.

neg: 4th Marine Aircraft Wing The 4th Marine Aircraft Wing is the reserve airwing of the United States Marine Corps. It is headquartered in New Orleans, Louisiana but its subordinate units are scattered throughout the United States.

neg: Regional Command Southwest Regional Command Southwest, abbreviated RC(SW), was an international military formation, of roughly division size, which was one of the components of the International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan. It was stood up on 3 July 2010 largely from an area previously in Regional Command South. It was headquartered at Camp Leatherneck with an area of responsibility of largely Helmand and Nimruz provinces. The United States Marine Corps provides the majority of the force headquarters. It consisted of Task Force Helmand of the British Armed Forces (including Denmark and Estonia) and Task Force Leatherneck of the United States Marine Corps. Provincial Reconstruction Team Helmand was also located in Regional Command Southwest.

neg: 1st Battalion, 8th Marines 1st Battalion, 8th Marines (1/8) is an infantry battalion in the United States Marine Corps based out of Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, North Carolina. The battalion consists of approximately 1000 Marines and Sailors and is nicknamed "The Beirut Battalion." They fall under the command of the 8th Marine Regiment and the 2nd Marine Division.

neg: Bala Murghab Murghab, also called Bala Murghab, is a village in Badghis Province in north-western Afghanistan. It is the district center for the Murghab District, and home of Forward Operating Base Todd. Nearby lie the ruins of the medieval town of Marw al-Rudh.

neg: Marshal Fahim National Defense University The Marshal Fahim National Defense University is located in the Qargha (or Qargheh) district of Kabul on a 105-acre site on a plateau to the west of the Kabul city centre near Police District 5. It houses various educational establishments for the Afghan Armed Forces.

neg: Camp Vance Camp Vance, Afghanistan is 1.4 km from the airfield at Bagram Air Base and was established in December 2002 in Bagram, Afghanistan by the United States Department of Defense to headquarter the Combined Joint Special Operations Task Force (CJSOTF).

neg: Marine Aircraft Group 49 Marine Aircraft Group 49 is a United States Marine Corps reserve aviation unit based at Joint Base McGuire–Dix–Lakehurst, New Jersey that is currently composed of one CH-46 Sea Knight, one CH-53E Super Stallion, three AH-1W Super Cobra, one KC-130 and an aviation logistics squadron.

neg: Marine Corps Air Station New River Marine Corps Air Station New River (ICAO: KNCA, FAA LID: NCA) is a United States Marine Corps helicopter and tilt-rotor base in Jacksonville, North Carolina, in the eastern part of the state. In 1972, the airfield was named McCutcheon Field for General Keith B. McCutcheon, one of the fathers of Marine Corps helicopter aviation. Near Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, it shares some facilities with Camp Geiger.