query: Jorge Julio López disappeared after testifying against the Argentine police officer who worked in what force during the 1970s?

pos: Disappearance of Jorge Julio López Jorge Julio López (born 1929, in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina) is an Argentine retired bricklayer, who was kidnapped during the National Reorganization Process, and disappeared again during the democratic government of President Néstor Kirchner after testifying in trial against Dirty War criminal Miguel Etchecolatz.

pos: Miguel Etchecolatz Miguel Osvaldo Etchecolatz (born 1 May 1929) is a former senior Argentine police officer, who worked in the Buenos Aires Provincial Police during the first years of the military dictatorship of the 1970s. Etchecolatz was deeply involved in the "anti-subversion operation" known as the National Reorganization Process ("El proceso"). He was first convicted in 1986 of crimes committed during this period, but passage that year of the "Ley de Punto Final," which created amnesty for security officers, meant that he was released without a sentence. In 2003 Congress repealed the law, and the government re-opened prosecution of crimes during the Dirty War.

neg: National Police Corps The National Police Corps (Spanish: "Cuerpo Nacional de Policía" , CNP; ] ) is the national civilian police force of Spain. The CNP is mainly responsible for policing urban areas, whilst countryside policing is generally the responsibility of the Civil Guard, the Spanish gendarmerie. The CNP operates under the authority of Spain's Ministry of the Interior. They mostly handle criminal investigation, judicial, terrorism and immigration matters. The powers of the National Police Force varies according to the autonomous communities, Ertzaintza in the Basque Country, Mossos d'Esquadra in Catalonia, and Policía Foral (Foruzaingoa) in Navarre are the primary police agencies while BESCAM in the Madrid region is more of a resources provider. In Andalusia, Aragon, Asturias, Galicia, and Valencia the National Police units are functionally acting directly under the orders of the Autonomous Communities to which they are attached.

neg: National Commission on Police Reform The National Commission on Police Reform (Spanish "Comisión Nacional para la Reforma Policial", CONAREPOL) was a 2006 Venezuelan national commission which, in consultation with police and local communities, examined law enforcement in Venezuela and proposed reforms. The Commission was made up of ministerial officials, state governors, National Assembly representatives, academics, researchers and civil society representatives.

neg: Jorge Carcagno Jorge Raúl Carcagno (December 22, 1917 – 1983) was an Argentine General. He served as commander-in-chief of the Argentine Army and de facto Federal Interventor of Córdoba, Argentina from June 16, 1969 to July 5, 1969, shortly after the period of civil unrest known as the Cordobazo.

neg: Carlos Gigena Parker Carlos Gigena Parker was de facto Federal Interventor of Córdoba, Argentina from February 25, 1971 to March 2, 1971.

neg: Michael Ray Aquino Michael Ray Aquino is a former intelligence officer in the police force of the Philippines. He was accused of involvement in a 2000 political murder, and more recently was convicted of helping to transmit classified information from the United States to opposition leaders in the Philippines.

neg: Carlos Manuel Arana Osorio Carlos Manuel Arana Osorio (17 July 1918 – 6 December 2003) was President of Guatemala from 1 July 1970 to 1 July 1974. Arana Osorio was born in Barberena, in the department of Santa Rosa. A colonel in the Army, he was elected in an electoral process generally considered "non-transparent" on a platform promising a crackdown on law-and-order issues and stability; his vice president was Eduardo Cáceres. In November 1970, Arana imposed a "State of Siege" which was followed by heightened counterinsurgency measures. The government received continued large-scale military support from the United States, which provided weapons, technical support and military advisors to the security forces under Arana to assist in fighting the guerrillas. The systematic use of state-terrorism which emerged in 1966 under President Julio César Méndez persisted under Arana; government-sponsored "death squads" remained active and the security forces regularly detained, disappeared, tortured and extrajudicially executed political opponents, student leaders, suspected guerrilla sympathizers and trade unionists. It is estimated that over 20,000 Guatemalans were killed or "disappeared" under the Arana administration.

neg: Iván Germán Velázquez Iván Germán Velázquez Durán (23 April 1979) is an expert in intelligence, counterintelligence, counterterrorism, psychological operations, electronic warfare and propaganda, and former Argentine military officer and former Director of Counterintelligence of Argentina Airport Security Police (PSA) currently residing in exile in the Eastern Republic of Uruguay after fleeing his country and seek political asylum after being accused in Argentina by the government of Cristina Fernández de Kirchner of having been responsible for the operation of electronic espionage largest in the history of the continent in an affair known as the "South american Watergate" in which he charged with having spied electronically intercepted emails and wireless communications of all Argentina's political class that included also businessmen, journalists and relevant public characters, reaching even to the president of that country itself.

neg: Ramón Camps Ramón Juan Camps (1927–1994) was an Argentine general and the head of the Buenos Aires Provincial Police during the National Reorganization Process (1976–1983). Although he was found guilty of multiple crimes, he was first amnestied and then pardoned.

neg: José Ignacio Rucci José Ignacio Rucci (March 5, 1924 – September 25, 1973) was an Argentine politician and union leader, appointed general secretary of the CGT (General Confederation of Labour) in 1970. Close to the Argentine president Juan Perón, and a chief representative of the "syndical bureaucracy" (the trade-union movement's right wing); he was assassinated in 1973.

neg: Polícia Judiciária The Polícia Judiciária (PJ; English: Judicial Police ) is the national criminal investigation police agency of Portugal, focused in fighting serious crimes, including homicides, kidnapping, organized crime, terrorism, illegal drug trade, corruption, cybercrime and financial crime. It is integrated into the Ministry of Justice, but operates under the supervision of the Public Ministry.

neg: Office of the Inspector General of Colombia The Office of the Inspector General of Colombia (Spanish: "Procuraduría General de Colombia" ) is a Colombian independent, public institution overseeing the public conduct of those in authority or in charge of exercising a public office, and of overseeing the correct functioning of other government institutions and agencies. The Office of the Inspector General of Colombia is not a judicial institution, it is one of the Colombian Control Institutions, alongside the Office of the Controller General. The Inspector General is also charged with safeguarding the rights of the people, guaranteeing Human Rights protection and intervening in the name of the people in the defence of the public's interest.

neg: Jesús Héctor Gallego Herrera Jesús Héctor Gallego Herrera (died June 1971) was a Colombian Roman Catholic priest who was kidnapped and killed in Panama following his opposition to the Panamanian military ruler Omar Torrijos.

neg: Rodolfo Almirón Rodolfo Almirón Sena (February 17, 1936 – June 5, 2009) was a former Argentine police officer and a leader of an extreme right-wing death squad known as the Triple A, operating in Argentina from 1973 to 1976 against the left-wing of Peronistas and other political dissidents. The group is held responsible for 1,500 murders of government opponents during the terms of Juan and Isabel Perón.

neg: Ezeiza massacre The Ezeiza massacre (] ) took place on June 20, 1973 near Ezeiza International Airport in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

neg: Omar Torrijos Omar Efraín Torrijos Herrera (February 13, 1929 – July 31, 1981), more commonly known as Omar Torrijos, was the Commander of the Panamanian and National Guard and the "de facto" dictator of Panama from 1968 to 1981. Torrijos was never officially the president of Panama, but instead held titles including "Maximum Leader of the Panamanian Revolution" and "Supreme Chief of Government." Torrijos took power in a "coup d'état" and instituted a number of social reforms and his regime was considered progressive.

neg: William Beausire William Robert Beausire (born 1948) (also known as Guillermo Roberto Beausire Alonso – his official name in Chile) was a British stockbroker with dual British and Chilean nationality, abducted while in transit in Buenos Aires airport in November 1974, then taken to a torture centre in Chile and never seen since. He is among the list of people deemed disappeared under the Pinochet regime.

neg: Manuel Negrete (shooting) Manuel Estanislao Negrete Hernández (1946 – October 10, 1973), was a Chilean man who was allegedly killed by policemen serving Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet.

neg: Trial of the Juntas The Trial of the Juntas (Spanish, Juicio a las Juntas) was the judicial trial of the members of the "de facto" military government that ruled Argentina during the dictatorship of the Proceso de Reorganización Nacional ("el proceso"), which lasted from 1976 to 1983.

neg: Peruvian Investigative Police The Policía de Investigaciones del Perú or Peruvian Investigative Police (PIP) was a Peruvian plainclothes police unit, similar to the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), which was meant to investigate crimes, gather intelligence, and fight subversion. In 1988, the PIP was merged into the National Police of Peru, along with two other police forces, the Guardia Civil (GC) and the Guardia Republicana (GR), all three of which were under the direction of the Ministry of Interior.

neg: Vicente Castaño José Vicente Castaño Gil aka El Profe (born July 2, 1957) is a Colombian paramilitary former leader of the United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia (AUC), a right-wing Colombian paramilitary organization. After demobilizing, he was accused of murdering his brother and former AUC leader Carlos Castaño and of narcotics trafficking by both the Colombian government and the government of the United States. In August 2004, the United States formally requested his extradition. Castaño remains, however, a fugitive and is the presumed chief of the criminal organization "Águilas Negras" made up of former AUC paramilitary members.


query: The Chermside bus station is part of a large shopping center that is located in a Brisbane inner northern suburb, and is the 2nd largest in Australia, behind what?

pos: Chermside bus station The Chermside bus station, at Chermside, Queensland, is serviced by TransLink bus routes. It is part of the Westfield Chermside Shopping Centre. It is in a transition precinct between Zone 3 and Zone 4 of the TransLink integrated public transport system.

pos: Westfield Chermside Westfield Chermside is a large shopping centre in Queensland, located in a Brisbane inner northern suburb, it is the 2nd largest in Australia, behind Chadstone Shopping Centre and is operated by Scentre Group. Entertainment facilities include an Event Cinemas 16-screen cinema complex. The centre contains the Chermside bus station, a major hub for buses north of Brisbane.

neg: Chermside West, Queensland Chermside West is a suburb in the City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Craigslea is a former name for parts of Chermside West.

neg: Westfield Bondi Junction Westfield Bondi Junction is a large, upmarket shopping centre located in the suburb of Bondi Junction in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

neg: Booval, Queensland Booval is a suburb in the City of Ipswich, Queensland, Australia. At the 2011 Australian Census the suburb recorded a population of 2,688.

neg: Capalaba West, Queensland Capalaba West was an outer suburb of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, located 17 km east of the CBD.

neg: Macarthur Square Macarthur Square is a large shopping centre on the southern side of Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia. The shopping centre was opened by the Lend Lease Corporation and GPT on 29 August 1979. The shopping centre is situated adjacent to Macarthur Railway Station, where trains terminate on the Airport, Inner West & South Line.

neg: Elizabeth Shopping Centre The Elizabeth Shopping Centre or Elizabeth City Centre is a large regional shopping centre located in the outer Adelaide suburb of Elizabeth, South Australia The centre is the third biggest in Adelaide, behind Westfield Tea Tree Plaza, and Westfield Marion.

neg: South Bank busway station South Bank busway station is located in Brisbane, Australia serving the suburb of South Brisbane. It opened on 23 October 2000 when the South East Busway opened from the Culture Centre to Woolloongabba.

neg: Windsor, Queensland Windsor is an inner northern suburb of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, located about 3.5 km from the Brisbane central business district. It is largely residential, featuring many old Queenslanders, although there is also considerable retail commercial activity, primarily concentrated along Lutwyche and Newmarket Roads.

neg: Stones Corner busway station Stones Corner busway station is located in Brisbane, Australia serving the suburb of Greenslopes. It opened on 29 August 2011, as part of the Eastern Busway from Buranda to Main Avenue, Coorparoo.

neg: Beacon Hill, New South Wales Beacon Hill is a suburb of northern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia 17 kilometres north-east of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of Northern Beaches Council. It is part of the Northern Beaches region.

neg: Hawthorne, Queensland Hawthorne is suburb of Brisbane, Australia, located 3 km east of the CBD.

neg: Melbourne Central railway station Melbourne Central railway station is an underground station on the metro network in Melbourne, Australia. It is one of five stations (and one of three underground) on the City Loop, which encircles the Melbourne CBD. The station is under La Trobe Street, between Swanston and Elizabeth Streets, on the northern edge of the CBD. The station is named after the Melbourne Central Shopping Centre which it is beneath. It feeds into Melbourne's main metro network station, Flinders Street and also Southern Cross Melbourne's main regional terminus. In 2013/14 it was the 3rd busiest station in Melbourne's metropolitan network, with 15.925 million passenger movements.

neg: Ashgrove, Queensland Ashgrove is an inner suburb in the City of Brisbane in Queensland, Australia. It is located approximately 4 km north-west of the Brisbane CBD. Ashgrove is an upmarket, leafy residential suburb characterised by its hilly terrain and characteristic Ashgrovian houses built in the early 20th century. While many of the surrounding suburbs have seen an increase in the number of residential apartments built in the past decade, Ashgrove remains predominantly a suburb of detached single dwelling houses, with many old Queenslander homes in the area. It contains the localities of Dorrington and St Johns Wood.

neg: Wilsonton Heights, Queensland Wilsonton Heights is a suburb of Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia, located 7 km northwest of the central business district. In 2006 the suburb of Wilsonton Heights was split from the suburb of Wilsonton. At the 2011 Australian Census the suburb recorded a population of 2,822.

neg: Kholo, Queensland Kholo is an outer suburb of Brisbane, Australia located 22 km south-west of the Brisbane CBD. Kholo became part of the Brisbane City in 1999.

neg: Roselands Shopping Centre Roselands Shopping Centre (previously called Centro Roselands) is a medium-sized shopping centre in Roselands, a suburb in south-western Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Opened in 1965, Roselands was the largest shopping centre in the Southern hemisphere for years , even though it is quite small by today's standards.

neg: Woolloongabba Woolloongabba is a suburb of Brisbane, Australia. It is located 2 km south-east of the CBD, and contains the Brisbane Cricket Ground ('the Gabba') and the Princess Alexandra Hospital. It is crossed by several major roads including the Pacific Motorway. The suburb was once home to a large tram depot.

neg: Graceville, Queensland Graceville is a suburb in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It is located 7.8 km south-west of the Brisbane CBD. Graceville is bordered by the Brisbane River to the North-East and West, Oxley Creek to the East, Chelmer to the North and Sherwood to the South.

neg: Keperra, Queensland Keperra is a suburb in City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It is located approximately 9 km north-west of the CBD.

neg: Carseldine, Queensland Carseldine is a suburb in the City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.


query: Which Italian composer was born in Legnago, south of Verona, Gaetano Donizetti or Antonio Salieri?

pos: Gaetano Donizetti Domenico Gaetano Maria Donizetti (] ; 29 November 1797 – 8 April 1848) was an Italian composer. Along with Gioachino Rossini and Vincenzo Bellini, Donizetti was a leading composer of the "bel canto" opera style during the first half of the nineteenth century. Donizetti's close association with the bel canto style was undoubtedly an influence on other composers such as Giuseppe Verdi (1813–1901).

pos: Antonio Salieri Antonio Salieri (] ; 18 August 17507 May 1825) was an Italian classical composer, conductor, and teacher. He was born in Legnago, south of Verona, in the Republic of Venice, and spent his adult life and career as a subject of the Habsburg Monarchy.

neg: Salizzole Salizzole is a "comune" (municipality) in the Province of Verona in the Italian region Veneto, located about 100 km west of Venice and about 20 km southeast of Verona. Economy includes production of rice and of artistic furniture.

neg: Per la ricuperata salute di Ofelia Per la ricuperata salute di Ofelia (For the recovered health of Ophelia), K. 477a, is a solo cantata for soprano and fortepiano composed in 1785 by Antonio Salieri and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, formerly thought to have been enemies, and a third, unknown composer, Cornetti, to a libretto written by the Vienna court poet Lorenzo Da Ponte. It is speculated that "Cornetti" may refer to Alessandro Cornetti, a vocal teacher and composer active in Vienna at the time, or that it is a pseudonym of either Salieri or Stephen Storace, a composer who organized the collaborative work to honor his famous sister. The music had been considered lost until November 2015, when German musicologist and composer Timo Jouko Herrmann identified the score while searching for music by one of Salieri's ostensible pupils, Antonio Casimir Cartellieri, in the archives of the Czech Museum of Music in Prague.

neg: Giovanni Salvemini Giovanni Francesco Mauro Melchiorre Salvemini di Castiglione FRS (January 15, 1708 in Castiglione del Valdarno – October 11, 1791 in Berlin) was an Italian mathematician and astronomer.

neg: Vincenzo Albrici Vincenzo Albrici (26 June 1631 in Rome - 6 June 1695 or 8 August 1696 in Prague) was an Italian composer, brother of Bartolomeo and nephew of Fabio and Alessandro Costantini.

neg: Giovanni Tadolini Giovanni Tadolini (18 October 1789 – 29 November 1872) was an Italian composer, conductor and singing instructor, who enjoyed a career that alternated between Bologna and Paris. Tadolini is probably best known for completing six sections of Rossini's 1833 version of the "Stabat mater" after the latter fell sick. However, he also composed eight operas as well as sinfonias, sonatas, chamber music, and numerous pieces of religious music and art songs.

neg: Bernardino Bertolotti Bernardino Bertolotti (March 26, 1547 – "after" 1609) was an Italian composer and instrumentalist. He came from a family of instrumentalists and instrument makers, and was the son of Agostino Bertolotti, who was the "maestro di cappella" at Salò cathedral. Bernardino joint the Este court at Ferrara in 1578, and left when the court dissolved in 1598, at which point he went to the court of Vincenzo Gonzaga at Mantua, a closely related court, and in 1609 was instrumentalist to the pope at the Castel Sant'Angelo. It seems that he played the violin and trombone as part of his duties.

neg: Gaetano Emanuel Calì Gaetano Emanuel Calì (Catania, 1885 - Syracuse, 1936) was an Italian composer, orchestra conductor, and bandleader. He was student of Francesco Paolo Frontini, under whom he began to study classical instead of popular music.

neg: Giovanni Consolini Giovanni Consolini (1808–1906) was an Italian composer. His opera "Il conte di Salto" successfully premiered at the Teatro Chiabrera in Savona on 21 January 1894. He was also known for his opera "La finta pazza".

neg: Vincenzo Legrenzio Ciampi Vincenzo Legrenzio Ciampi (Piacenza, 2 April 1719 – Venice, 30 March 1762) was an Italian composer. Ciampi was resident in London from 1748 to 1756. He is best known today for a work that cannot be certainly ascribed to his pen: "Tre giorni son che Nina in letto senesta", formerly called Pergolesi's "Nina".

neg: Giovanni Battista Viotti Giovanni Battista Viotti (12 May 1755 – 3 March 1824) was an Italian violinist whose virtuosity was famed and whose work as a composer featured a prominent violin and an appealing lyrical tunefulness. He was also a director of French and Italian opera companies in Paris and London.

neg: Giovanni Valentini (classical era composer) Giovanni Valentini (ca. 1750 – 1804) was an Italian classical era composer, poet and painter. He is best remembered for his innovative instrumental music. Among his many works are two operas, "La statua matematica" and "Le nozze in contrasto", the latter of which premiered at the Teatro San Moisè, Venice, in November 1774.

neg: Carlo Donida Carlo Donida Labati (30 October 1920, in Milan – 22 April 1998, in Porto Valtravaglia) was an Italian composer and pianist.

neg: Lucia di Lammermoor Lucia di Lammermoor is a "dramma tragico" (tragic opera) in three acts by Gaetano Donizetti. Salvadore Cammarano wrote the Italian-language libretto loosely based upon Sir Walter Scott's historical novel "The Bride of Lammermoor".

neg: Giambattista Varesco Father Giambattista Varesco (26 November 1735 – 25 August 1805) was a chaplain, musician, poet and (most famously) librettist to Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. His given name variously appears as Giambattista, Gianbattista, Giovanni Battista and Girolamo Giovanni Battista. He is sometimes referred to with the Italian title "Abate" or the French "Abbé", both used for priests:

neg: Vincenzo Galli Vincenzo Galli (1798 – 1858) was an Italian opera singer and impresario. Considered an outstanding "basso buffo" singer, he created many roles on Italian stages, including ones in two of Donizetti's operas: Ivano in "Otto mesi in due ore" and Cesare Salzapariglia in "Le convenienze ed inconvenienze teatrali". Luigi Ricci composed the role of Michelotto in his opera "Chiara di Rosembergh" specifically for Galli's voice.

neg: Giuseppe Felice Tosi Giuseppe Felice Tosi (28 February 1619 – before 14 December 1693) was an Italian composer and organist, and the father of Pier Francesco Tosi, also a successful composer.

neg: Enrico Bevignani Enrico Modesto Bevignani (29 September 1841 – 29 August 1903) was an Italian conductor, harpsichordist, composer, and impresario. He studied in his native city with Giuseppe Albanese, Salvatore Lavigna, Giuseppe Lillo and Giuseppe Staffa. Although his opera "Caterina Blum" was a critical success at its premiere at the Teatro di San Carlo in 1862, he never wrote another stage work and only produced a few chamber works and piano pieces.

neg: Giovanni Lorenzo Lulier Giovanni Lorenzo Lulier, nicknamed Giovannino del Violone ("Little John of the Violone") (c. 1662 – 29 March 1700) was a Baroque Italian composer, cellist and trombone player of Spanish descent.

neg: Linda di Chamounix Linda di Chamounix is an operatic "melodramma semiserio" in three acts by Gaetano Donizetti. The Italian libretto was written by Gaetano Rossi. It premiered in Vienna, at the Kärntnertortheater, on 19 May 1842.

neg: Michele Pesenti Michele Pesenti (Verona ca. 1470after 1524) was an Italian composer and lutenist who served the House of Este at Ferrara. Pesenti was one of the most lively and inventive of the so-called "frottola" composers, including Marchetto Cara and Bartolomeo Tromboncino.


query: "Cedars of Lebanon" is the eleventh and final track on their 2009 album "No Line on the Horizon", the twelfth studio album by what Irish rock band?

pos: Cedars of Lebanon (song) "Cedars of Lebanon" is a song by Irish rock band U2. It is the eleventh and final track on their 2009 album "No Line on the Horizon". It is sung in the character of a war correspondent who is "squeezing complicated lives into a simple headline" and who "observes "this shitty world" where the aroma of a rose "lingers and then it just goes". The song samples producer Brian Eno's collaboration with Harold Budd, "Against the Sky", from the 1984 album "The Pearl".

pos: No Line on the Horizon No Line on the Horizon is the twelfth studio album by Irish rock band U2. It was produced by Brian Eno, Daniel Lanois, and Steve Lillywhite, and was released on 27 February 2009. It was the band's first record since "How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb" (2004), marking the longest gap between studio albums of their career to that point. The band originally intended to release the songs as two EPs, but later combined the material into a single record. Photographer Anton Corbijn shot a companion film, "Linear", which was released alongside the album and included with several special editions.

neg: Ham Sandwich (band) Ham Sandwich (stylized as HamsandwicH) are an Irish indie rock band from Kells, County Meath.

neg: Mael Mórdha Mael Mórdha ( ; ] ) is a doom metal band from Dublin, Ireland. Its name can also be written in traditional Irish typography, as Mael Mórḋa. The band's music melds doom metal with Irish folk music to create what has been referred to as "Gaelic doom metal".

neg: Gaelic Storm Gaelic Storm is a Celtic band. Their musical output includes pieces from traditional Irish music, Scottish music, and original tunes in both the Celtic and Celtic rock genres. Their most recent album, "Go Climb A Tree" was released on July 28, 2017.

neg: Animal Instinct (The Cranberries song) "Animal Instinct" is an alternative rock song by Irish band The Cranberries. It is the second single from the band's fourth album, "Bury the Hatchet", released in 1999. The song deals with motherhood. A music video, directed by Olivier Dahan, was released to promote the single. The single became the band's first single to miss the UK Top 40, charting at number 54 (not including the original chart position of "Linger"). In 2017, the song was released as an acoustic, striped down version on the band's "Something Else" album.

neg: Roses (album) Roses is the sixth studio album by the Irish rock band The Cranberries, released in the Republic of Ireland on February 22, 2012 and globally on February 27, 2012 through Cooking Vinyl and Downtown Records. Produced by Stephen Street, it is the band's first studio release in ten years. Originally planned to be released in early 2004, the recordings for the follow-up to "Wake Up and Smell the Coffee" were scrapped after the band decided to go their separate ways. After a six-year hiatus, The Cranberries announced their intention to record a new album during their 2009–2010 reunion tour. The title "Roses" was announced on The Cranberries website, on 24 May 2011.

neg: Guaranteed Irish (band) Guaranteed Irish is an American folk band from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, currently consisting of Bruce Foley, Patrick Folan and Jimmy Lamb. To date they have released three albums and are classified as an Irish folk band.

neg: Hey-Ho Believe Hey-Ho Believe is the fourth album by Irish singer/songwriter Jimmy MacCarthy. It was released on 12 November 2010 through his own label Ride On Records, the same label used for the previous album "The Moment". The track listing was announced via MacCarthy's official website.

neg: God Is an Astronaut God Is an Astronaut is an Irish post-rock band from the County Wicklow, formed in 2002 by Niels and Torsten Kinsella. Their style employs elements of electronic music, krautrock, and space rock, reminiscent of Tangerine Dream. The band currently consists of the Kinsellas, Lloyd Hanney, and Jamie Dean. They have released 7 studio albums and 1 extended play to date.

neg: The Troubadours The Troubadours are an English rock band comprising members from Liverpool, Runcorn and Wigan. The band was originally formed by Mark Frith and Johnny Molyneux in 2005, and they split in late 2009 but reformed in late 2011. Their debut single, "Gimme Love" was released in 2007, and reached #20 on the Radio 1 Indie Chart in November. Their second single, "(I'm Not) Superstitious" was released in June 2008 reaching Number 8 in UK indie singles Chart. Their album 'The Troubadours' was never released in UK but was hugely successful in Japan securing a top ten chart placing and single 'Gimme Love' spent 3 months on top of the MTV Japan video chart.

neg: Songs from Sun Street Songs From Sun Street is the 1998 studio album release of the Irish rock band, The Saw Doctors. The album was not only released on CD, but audio cassette and vinyl as well. It was released on The Saw Doctors' own record label, Shamtown Records as well as Paradigm Records.

neg: Fred (band) Fred were a five-piece Irish alternative band from Cork. They released four albums, the last of which, "Leaving My Empire", was released in Ireland in 2011.

neg: White as Snow (song) "White as Snow" is a song by Irish rock band U2 and the ninth track on their 2009 album "No Line on the Horizon". It was written from the perspective of a dying soldier serving in Afghanistan, and lasts the length of time it takes him to die. The track is based on the hymn "Veni, veni Emmanuel", and is the only political song on the album.

neg: Interference (band) Interference is an Irish band that formed in 1984.

neg: The Hitchers (Irish band) The Hitchers are a band from the Irish city of Limerick. They formed in 1989.

neg: At the Heart of It All (album) At the Heart of It All is the eleventh studio album by Celtic music band Capercaillie.

neg: Irish Coffee (band) Irish Coffee are a hard rock band from Aalst, East Flanders, Belgium, that officially started playing in 1970. They are best remembered for their single "Masterpiece"

neg: Girl Band (Irish band) Girl Band are an Irish rock band from Dublin. Formed in 2011, the group is composed of vocalist Dara Kiely, guitarist Alan Duggan, bassist Daniel Fox and drummer Adam Faulkner.

neg: Miracle of Sound Gavin Dunne (born in 1980 in Cork, Ireland), better known by the name of his music project "Miracle of Sound", is an Irish indie musician known for his music inspired by video games, films, and TV shows. While not widely known in his home country of Ireland, his music is very popular with the online gaming community, and he has been described as Ireland's most successful indie musician. Miracle of Sound is generally a one-man-band, though Dunne occasionally collaborates with other musicians and singers. His songs vary widely in genre, typically using a genre that best fits the song's subject; these have included rock, pop, electronic rock, hard rock, heavy metal, alternative rock, tribal music, dubstep, jazz, and even doo-wop.

neg: October (U2 album) October is the second studio album by Irish rock band U2. It was produced by Steve Lillywhite, and released on 12 October 1981 on Island Records. Inspired by Bono's, the Edge's, and Larry Mullen Jr.'s memberships in a Christian group called the "Shalom Fellowship", the record features spiritual and religious themes. Their involvement with Shalom Fellowship led them to question the relationship between the Christian faith and the "rock and roll" lifestyle, and threatened to break up the group.

neg: The Devlins The Devlins are an alternative rock band originating from Dublin, Republic of Ireland, although the eponymous Devlin brothers were born in Newry, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.


query: Are Nuri Bilge Ceylan and Gary T. Smith both directors?

pos: Nuri Bilge Ceylan Nuri Bilge Ceylan (] , born 26 January 1959) is a Turkish film director, photographer, screenwriter and actor.

pos: Gary T. Smith Gary T. Smith (born October 30, 1954) is an American screenwriter, actor, and film and television director. A native of Atlanta, Georgia, he is descended from a long line of Georgians, dating back before the Civil War. He was raised in a typical middle-class family of the 1950s and 60s, his father an executive in the baking industry and his mother a stay-at-home mom. He has drawn on this heritage as inspiration for his films.

neg: Mark L. Smith Mark L. Smith is an American screenwriter.

neg: Yashar Nuri Yashar Nuri (Azerbaijani: "Yaşar Nuri" ; September 3, 1951 – November 22, 2012) was an Azerbaijani film, television and theater actor and a member of the Azerbaijan State Academic Drama Theatre. He appeared in more than fifty Azeri and Soviet era films, as well as more than 100 television and stage roles.

neg: Gary Sinyor Gary Sinyor (born Manchester, England, 1962) is an award-winning film director, producer, and writer.

neg: Nurlan Bizakov Nurlan Seydinovich Bizakov (Russian: Нурлан Сейдинович Бизаков ) is a Kazakhstani businessman. He is the chairman and major shareholder of Kazphosphate, one of Kazakhstan's largest phosphorus producers. He bought the company in 2007 from Nahum Galmor for an estimated sum of $120 million. He is also chairman of JSC Sumbe, an oil exploration and trading company.

neg: Chris Smith (filmmaker) Chris Smith (born in 1970) is an American film director, cameraman, producer, writer, and editor. He is best known for directing "American Movie", which was awarded the Grand Jury Prize for Documentary at the 1999 Sundance Film Festival.

neg: Idris Ackamoor Idris Ackamoor (born Bruce Baker, January 9, 1951) is an American multi-instrumentalist, composer, actor, tap dancer, producer, administrator, and director. He is the Founder, Executive/Co-Artistic Director of the multi-disciplinary San Francisco performance company Cultural Odyssey. Ackamoor is also the Artistic Director of the world music/jazz ensemble The Pyramids.

neg: Gary Gilbert Gary Gilbert (born 1965) is an American film producer and the founder and president of Gilbert Films, a motion picture production and financing company based in Los Angeles, California.

neg: Gary Bikman Gary W. Bikman (born November 13, 1943) is a Canadian politician who was previously an elected member to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta representing the electoral district of Cardston-Taber-Warner.

neg: Clive A. Smith Clive A. Smith (often credited as Clive Smith) is a British expatriate director and animator who, with Michael Hirsh and Patrick Loubert, founded Canadian animation studio Nelvana in 1971. Smith worked on some of his studio's first TV specials, including "A Cosmic Christmas" (1977), which was broadcast on CBC Television in Canada and syndicated in the United States proving to be Nelvana's breakthrough production. He also helmed the studio's next special, "The Devil and Daniel Mouse", in 1978. He worked as director of Nelvana's first feature film, 1983's "Rock and Rule", and its 1997 animated version of the Pippi Longstocking saga. He also directed "A Wookie's Christmas" (also known as "The Faithful Wookie") for George Lucas and "Family Dog" for Tim Burton and Steven Spielberg. Smith retired from Nelvana in 2001, the year after he and his co-founders sold the studio to Corus Entertainment.

neg: The Taylan Brothers Yağmur Taylan (1966) and Durul Taylan (1969), also known as The Taylan Brothers are Turkish film directors. Having studied Industrial Engineering and Medicine respectively, the brothers started their work behind the camera with their first Television project "Sir Dosyası". After directing several other television series such as "Cinler ve Periler", "Baba" and the hit comedy show "Beşik Kertmesi", they made their first motion picture, "Okul". The horror-comedy film was a critical and financial hit. Praised by Turkish critics as an ambitious debut, Okul grossed $3,255,287 domestically.

neg: Roy Allen Smith Roy Allen Smith (born December 12, 1954 in Cedar City, Utah) is an American animator, film director and producer, who is well known for the "Land Before Time" series and "Family Guy".

neg: Council for the National Interest The Council for the National Interest ("CNI") is a 501(c)(4) nonprofit, non-partisan organization in the United States that works for "Middle East policies that serve the American national interest". It is aligned with The Council for the National Interest Foundation ("CNIF"), an independent 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. CNI was founded in 1989 by former Congressmen Paul Findley (R-Ill.) and Pete McCloskey (R-Calif.). Its first executive director was ten-term congressman John B. Anderson (R-Ill.), who ran as an Independent candidate in the 1980 presidential election.

neg: Geraldine Smith (actress) Geraldine Smith (born February 11, 1949) is an American actress.

neg: Hatice Aslan Hatice Aslan (born 20 February 1962) is a Turkish actress who starred in Nuri Bilge Ceylan's 2008 film "Üç Maymun (The Three Monkeys)", for which Ceylan won the best director award at the 2008 Cannes Film Festival. Aslan was seen as a strong contender for the best actress award at the festival.

neg: Rex Gary Rex I. Gary was an American football coach in the United States.

neg: Adam T. Smith Adam T. Smith is Goldwin Smith Professor of Anthropology in the Department of Anthropology, Cornell University. He is also co-founder (with Ruben Badalyan) of The American-Armenian Project for the Archaeology and Geography of Ancient Transcaucasian Societies (Project ArAGATS) and co-director (with Lori Khatchadourian) of The Aragats Foundation.

neg: Erdal Ceylanoğlu Erdal Ceylanoğlu is a retired Turkish General. He was Commander of the Turkish Army from 2010 to 2011.

neg: Umut (film) Hope (Turkish: "Umut" ) is a 1970 Turkish drama film, written and directed by Yılmaz Güney and Şerif Gören, featuring Güney as an illiterate horse cab driver, who, after losing one of his horses in an accident, sets out into the desert in a quest for a mythical lost treasure. The film, which wasn't released at the time because of a ban by Film Control Commission in Turkey, won awards at the 2nd Adana Golden Boll Film Festival, the 7th Antalya Golden Orange Film Festival and was screened at the 23rd Cannes Film Festival.

neg: Gary Barber Gary Barber (born 1957) is an American film producer of South African descent. Since 2010 Barber is chairman and CEO of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. He is also co-founder of Spyglass Entertainment.

neg: Sinan Çetin Sinan Çetin (born March 1, 1953) is a Turkish actor, film director, and producer.


query: What was the city where the band was founded whose frontman later released a solo album called Bach 2: Basics?

pos: Bach 2: Basics Bach 2: Basics is the second solo release by Sebastian Bach former front man of Skid Row. The album was released in 2001. It consists mainly of covers from previously released tribute albums. Original Skid Row drummer Rob Affuso played drums on Shock Me for this album.

pos: Skid Row (American band) Skid Row is an American heavy metal band, formed in 1986 in Toms River, New Jersey. The group was commercially successful in the late 1980s and early 1990s, with its first two albums "Skid Row" (1989) and "Slave to the Grind" (1991) certified multi-platinum, the latter of which reached number one on the "Billboard" 200. The band's third album "Subhuman Race" (1995) was also critically acclaimed, but failed to repeat the success of its predecessors. During this period, the band consisted of bassist Rachel Bolan, guitarists Dave Sabo and Scotti Hill, drummer Rob Affuso, and frontman Sebastian Bach. The band had sold 20 million albums worldwide by the end of 1996.

neg: List of Metallica concert tours Metallica is an American heavy metal band, founded in 1981 by drummer Lars Ulrich and rhythm guitarist James Hetfield. Aside from Ulrich, the original lineup for some of the 1982 concerts included James Hetfield (rhythm guitar and lead vocals), Dave Mustaine (lead guitar and backing vocals) and Ron McGovney (bass guitar). Cliff Burton replaced McGovney in 1982 and played with the band until his death in 1986. After his death, bassists Jason Newsted (1986–2001), and Robert Trujillo (since 2003) were recruited in the band. While the lead guitarist role was taken by Kirk Hammett (since 1983) after Dave Mustaine got fired from the band.

neg: This World (band) This World (formerly known as In Flight) is a band founded in 1995 by brothers Lee Kohler and Rob Kohler in Bozeman, Montana. Lee is well known as a church organist, having performed with The Temptations and Bo Diddley. Rob is well known as a bassist and educator, teaching at the Stanford Jazz Workshop since 1991 and having performed/recorded with Danny Gottlieb, Julian Lage, Taylor Eigsti, Jeff Ballard, John Stowell, Alice Di Micele, and Michelle Shocked.

neg: Robbie Bachman Robin Peter Kendall "Robbie" Bachman (born February 18, 1953, in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada) is a drummer and the youngest brother of Canadian guitarist, singer and songwriter Randy Bachman. He was the original drummer for both the Brave Belt and Bachman–Turner Overdrive bands. He is sometimes credited as "Robin" or "Rob" on the liner notes of Brave Belt and BTO albums.

neg: Stanfour Stanfour are a German rock band who formed in 2004. The band was founded on the German island of Föhr where the four core members live. Already prior to the band's formation, brothers Alexander and Konstantin Rethwisch spent years in Los Angeles working closely together with a producer of film music. This is one of several reasons for the band's American style of music.

neg: Rust Belt Music Rust Belt Music (sometimes abbreviated RBM) is a San Francisco-based band that formed in 2001. The band has toured the United States. The original members were John Lindenbaum (vocals, guitar), Chris Cortelyou (drums), Laurin Askew (bass) and Micah Weinberg (keyboards). Askew and Weinberg were eventually replaced with Jason Michael (bass) and Andre Perry (keyboards).

neg: Joel Kosche Joel Sefton Kosche (born September 20, 1969) is an American musician. He is best known for his thirteen-year tenure as the lead guitarist of the rock band Collective Soul. He is also a solo artist, and tours with his backing band, Joel Kosche Band. His debut solo album, "Fight Years", was released in 2010.

neg: Dashboard Confessional Dashboard Confessional is an American emo band from Boca Raton, Florida, led by singer-songwriter Chris Carrabba. The name of the band is derived from the song "The Sharp Hint of New Tears" off their debut album, "The Swiss Army Romance".

neg: Helmet (band) Helmet is an American alternative metal band from New York City formed in 1989. Founded by vocalist and lead guitarist Page Hamilton, Helmet has had numerous lineup changes, and Hamilton has been the only constant member.

neg: Rene SG Rene SG is a Dutch band from Amsterdam. The band was founded by guitar player Rene in the beginning of 2004. He was joined by drummer RJ SG and Swedish bassplayer Kalle Mattsson in making the debut, simply titled "Rene SG" which was released early 2006 by Langweiligkeit Records as their first ever release. After this album Kalle left Rene SG. Bassplayer Niels stepped in to insure the continuance of the tight trinity that is Rene SG.

neg: Bracken (band) Bracken is a post-rock band from Leeds, England. It started as a solo project by Hood co-founder and lead singer Chris Adams.

neg: James Hetfield James Alan Hetfield (born August 3, 1963) is an American musician, singer, and songwriter known for being the co-founder, lead vocalist, rhythm guitarist, and main songwriter for the American heavy metal band Metallica. Hetfield is mainly known for his intricate rhythm playing, but occasionally performs lead guitar duties and solos, both live and in the studio. Hetfield co-founded Metallica in October 1981 after answering a classified advertisement by drummer Lars Ulrich in the Los Angeles newspaper "The Recycler". Metallica has won nine Grammy Awards and released ten studio albums, three live albums, four extended plays and 24 singles.

neg: JBO (band) J.B.O. (James Blast Orchester) is a heavy metal band from Erlangen, Germany. J.B.O. was founded in 1989 by Vito C. and Hannes "G.Laber" Holzmann and is known for parodies of rock and pop songs.The band has written more of its own songs since 2000, but continues to produce parodies, which they refer to as "Blöedsinn" – an intentional misspelling of "Blödsinn," which means "nonsense" or "stupidity" in German.

neg: Organisation (band) Organisation zur Verwirklichung gemeinsamer Musikkonzepte (German: "Organisation for the Realization of Common Music Concepts"), was an experimental krautrock band, that was the immediate predecessor of the band Kraftwerk. In addition to the founding members of Kraftwerk, Ralf Hütter and Florian Schneider-Esleben, Organisation included Basil Hammoudi, Butch Hauf, and Fred Monicks. The band was assisted by Paul Lorenz, Peter Martini, and Charly Weiss during their career.

neg: Oberhofer Oberhofer is a band from Brooklyn, New York formed in 2008 to perform the music of its founder and frontman Brad Oberhofer. Current members are Brad Oberhofer on synths, guitar and vocals, Zoe Brecher on drums, Dylan Treleven on bass, and Ben Roth on guitar.

neg: Nine Inch Nails Nine Inch Nails (abbreviated as NIN and stylized as NIИ) is an American industrial rock band founded in 1988 by Trent Reznor in Cleveland, Ohio. The band released two influential albums during the 1990s – "The Downward Spiral" (1994) and "The Fragile" (1999) – and has record sales exceeding over 20 million copies worldwide, with 10 million sales certified in the United States alone.

neg: Am I Blood Am I Blood, formerly named St. Mucus, is a heavy/thrash metal band from Kerava, Finland. The band was formed in 1992 with later to be Amorphis front-man Pasi Koskinen, who was originally the singer of the band. They parted ways with Koskinen in 1995, just one month before the recording of debut album "Natural Mutation" under the name St.Mucus. The band is well-known (particularly on the internet) for being mistaken for the popular heavy metal band Metallica; which is arguably a strong influence on the band's music.

neg: Cobra Starship Cobra Starship was an American dance-pop band created by former Midtown bassist and lead vocalist Gabe Saporta in 2006 in New York City, New York. After writing and recording the band's debut album "While the City Sleeps, We Rule the Streets" as a solo project, Saporta enlisted guitarist Ryland Blackinton, bassist Alex Suarez, drummer Nate Novarro, and keytarist Victoria Asher, all of whom provide backing vocals.

neg: Roenik Roenik is a Swedish band formed in late 1999 by frontman and guitarist, Niels Nankler and former bass player Joel Magnusson who had known each other from birth. Jonas Lundberg (guitar/backing vocals), Jonas Wållberg (keyboard) and Christian Titus (drums) joined up with the two childhood friends in high school. Later John London replaced Joel Magnusson as the bands bassplayer.

neg: Frank the Baptist Frank the Baptist is an American alternative rock band founded in San Diego, California by frontman Frank Vollmann.

neg: Bach House (Eisenach) The Bach House in Eisenach, Thuringia, Germany, is a museum dedicated to the composer Johann Sebastian Bach who was born in the city. On its 600 m² it displays around 250 original exhibits, among them a Bach music autograph. The core of the building complex is a half-timbered house, ca. 550 years old, which was mistakenly identified as Bach's birth house in the middle of the 19th century. In 1905, the Leipzig-based Neue Bachgesellschaft acquired the building. In 1907, it was opened as the first Bach museum.


query: Where is the band that Paul (Paulie) Simmons toured with during the 1980s from?

pos: Paul Simmons Paul (Paulie) Simmons is an American drummer. He is most well known as the former drummer for Th' Legendary Shack Shakers from 2003 to 2005 and for The Reverend Horton Heat from 2006 to 2012. He was also the drummer in Christian rock band Petra from 2003 until their retirement in 2005. He has also played with several other rock bands, including touring with Black Oak Arkansas during the 1980s.

pos: Black Oak Arkansas Black Oak Arkansas is an American Southern rock band named after the band's hometown of Black Oak, Arkansas. The band reached the height of its fame in the 1970s with ten charting albums released in that decade. Their style is punctuated by multiple guitar players and the raspy voice and on-stage antics of vocalist Jim "Dandy" Mangrum.

neg: Cycle Sluts from Hell The Cycle Sluts from Hell were an American heavy metal band from the late 1980s to early 1990s.

neg: Atlanta (band) Atlanta was an American country music group formed in 1982 in Nashville, Tennessee, USA. It was composed of Brad Griffis (vocals, bass guitar), Bill Davidson (vocals, guitar), Tony Ingram (vocals, fiddle), Alan David (vocals, lead guitar), Allen Collay (vocals, keyboards), Bill Packard (vocals, keyboards), Jeff Baker (bass vocal, harmonica), Dick Stevens (bass), and John Holder (drums). Between 1983 and 1988, Atlanta recorded two albums for MCA Records and charted nine hit singles on the "Billboard" country chart.

neg: Big Black Big Black was an American punk rock band from Evanston, Illinois, active from 1981 to 1987. Founded by singer and guitarist Steve Albini, the band's initial lineup also included guitarist Santiago Durango and bassist Jeff Pezzati, both of Naked Raygun. In 1985 Pezzati was replaced by Dave Riley, who played on Big Black's two full-length studio albums, "Atomizer" (1986) and "Songs About Fucking" (1987).

neg: 20/20 (band) 20/20 was an American power pop band based in Hollywood, California. They were active from 1977 to 1983 and reunited during the mid-1990s to the late 1990s. Steve Allen and Ron Flynt had played together in Tulsa in 1976, and Steve decided to move to Los Angeles in 1977 after fellow Tulsa natives Phil Seymour and Dwight Twilley met with success. Once in Los Angeles, Steve met with Mike Gallo (singer/songwriter/keyboardist/drummer), who had already conceived of the idea & name for the band (after having spent time in the UK). Mike first started writing with Steve, and later, auditioned, Steve's friend, from Tulsa, Ron Flynt for 20/20. The three-piece band signed with Greg Shaw's Bomp! Records in 1978 to record a single. Between the release of the single, and their first LP on Portrait Records, Chris Silagyi joined the band as a keyboardist.

neg: The Law (English band) The Law were an English rock group formed in 1991 by singer Paul Rodgers (ex-Free, Bad Company and The Firm) and drummer Kenney Jones (ex-Small Faces/Faces and The Who). The two teamed up with the idea of using different supporting musicians, in order to allow Rodgers to pursue whatever musical style he felt like. They assembled a core band of studio musicians, consisting of Jim Barber (whose credits include The Rolling Stones, Ruby Turner and Mick Jagger's solo album "Primitive Cool") as the main guitarist, second guitarist John Staehely (ex-Spirit and Jo Jo Gunne) and bassist Pino Palladino (formerly of Paul Young's and Jools Holland's bands), as well as landing guest spots from guitarists such as David Gilmour, Bryan Adams and Chris Rea.

neg: Rubber Rodeo Rubber Rodeo was a Boston-based band active in the 1980s. The band fused Roxy Music-influenced new wave music with country and western influences, and dressed in 1950's-vintage country & western clothing. Their 1984 release "Anywhere With You" reached No. 86 on the "Billboard" Hot 100.

neg: Pantera Pantera was an American heavy metal band from Arlington, Texas. The group was formed in 1981 by the Abbott brothers – drummer Vinnie Paul and guitarist Dimebag Darrell – along with lead vocalist Terry Glaze. Bassist Rex Brown joined the band the following year, replacing Tommy D. Bradford, who was the unofficial original. Having started as a glam metal band, Pantera released four albums during the 1980s. Looking for a new and heavier sound, Pantera replaced Glaze with Phil Anselmo in late 1986 and released "Power Metal" in 1988. With its fifth album, 1990's "Cowboys from Hell", Pantera introduced a groove metal sound. Pantera's sixth album, 1992's "Vulgar Display of Power", exhibited an even heavier sound. "Far Beyond Driven" (1994) debuted at number one on the "Billboard" 200.

neg: The Clique (UK band) The Clique was an English rock band, formed in the late 1980s by Jon Paul Harper, Paul Newman, Phillip Otto and Gilles B. Mery. This line-up played many gigs centred on the revived UK mod scene. After sporadic experiments with keyboard players, including James Taylor (see below), Dom Strickland became full-time Hammond player in late 1991, and also their main songwriter, and Trevor French became lead singer. Up to that point the Clique had been a covers band, making up for their lack of original material by covering rare and obscure freakbeat material. Shortly thereafter, in an unrelated move, Mery departed to his native France, and he was replaced by Matthew Braim, who played his first gig in April 1993. This particular line-up is now generally regarded as the Clique at the height of their powers.

neg: The Go Team The Go Team was a 1980s band from Olympia, Washington, consisting of Tobi Vail and Calvin Johnson of Beat Happening.

neg: Iron City Houserockers The Iron City Houserockers were an American rock band from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, led by singer/guitarist Joe Grushecky, that existed from 1976 until 1984.

neg: Slave Raider Slave Raider was an American heavy metal band formed in 1985 that was known for its over-the-top antics, heavy make-up and glam song lyrics. In the 1980s, the Minneapolis music scene was primarily known for The Replacements, Soul Asylum, Hüsker Dü and Prince among others. In the Twin Cities, Slave Raider had a sizeable following that were known as "The Raid". They opened for such 1980s bands as Ratt and Poison with the original lineup.

neg: Pixies The Pixies are an American alternative rock band formed in 1986 in Boston, Massachusetts. Until 2013, the band comprised Black Francis (lead vocals, rhythm guitar), Joey Santiago (lead guitar), Kim Deal (bass, backing vocals) and David Lovering (drums). The band disbanded acrimoniously in 1993, but reunited in 2004. After Deal left in 2013, the Pixies hired Kim Shattuck as a touring bassist; she was replaced the same year by Paz Lenchantin, who became a permanent member in 2016.

neg: The Dusters The Dusters are a Nashville-based blues rock trio, formed in 1986 by three college friends, Ken McMahan (guitar and vocals), David Barnette (bass) and Leo Overtoom (drums).

neg: Melvins The Melvins are an American rock band that formed in 1983 in Montesano, Washington. They have mostly performed as a trio, as well as a quartet with two drummers in recent years. Since 1984, vocalist and guitarist Buzz Osborne and drummer Dale Crover have been constant members. The band was named after a supervisor at a Thriftway in Montesano, Washington, where Osborne also worked as a clerk. "Melvin" was despised by other employees, and the band's members felt it to be an appropriately ridiculous name. Their early work was key to the development of both grunge and sludge metal.

neg: Eye Eye Eye Eye was a Canadian rock band in the 1980s.

neg: The U-Men The U-Men was an American rock band, formed in Seattle, Washington, in 1981 and active until 1989. They toured extensively across the United States. Their musically "dirty" sound was a forerunner for the later grunge bands to come out of Seattle.

neg: Shark Island (band) Shark Island was an American hard rock band from Los Angeles that played during the 1980s.

neg: The Young Snakes The Young Snakes were an American band formed in Boston in the early 1980s.

neg: Kiss Unplugged Kiss Unplugged is an "MTV Unplugged" album by American rock band Kiss. On August 9, 1995, the band performed on "MTV Unplugged". Paul Stanley and Gene Simmons contacted former members Peter Criss and Ace Frehley and invited them to participate. Fan reaction to Criss and Frehley at the show was so positive that, in 1996, the original lineup of Kiss reunited, with all four original members together for the first time since 1979.

neg: The New World Tour In 1993, Paul McCartney and his band embarked upon The New World Tour, spanning almost the entire year and almost the entire globe. This tour featured a controversial pre-concert film (starting in the U.S leg of the tour), which was shown before all of the concerts and had graphic animal test footage in the film. This film can be seen on the "Paul is Live In Concert on the New World Tour" video.


query: Shirdonya Chablis Mitchell played football for a college whose home games are played at what field?

pos: Shirdonya Mitchell Shirdonya Chablis Mitchell (born May 16, 1982 in Dallas, Texas) is a former American football cornerback. He was signed by the Miami Dolphins as an undrafted free agent in 2005. He played college football at Missouri.

pos: Missouri Tigers football The Missouri Tigers football program represents the University of Missouri in college football and competes in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). Since 2012, Missouri has been a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) and is currently aligned in its Eastern Division. Home games are played at Faurot Field ("The Zou") in Columbia, Missouri.

neg: Pioneer Field (Tusculum) Pioneer Field is a 3,500-seat college football stadium located in Tusculum, Tennessee. The stadium is the home of the Pioneers football team of Tusculum College. The Pioneers compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division II South Atlantic Conference (SAC).

neg: Foley Field Foley Field is a baseball stadium in Athens, Georgia, United States. It is the home field of the University of Georgia Bulldogs college baseball team. The stadium holds 3,291 people.

neg: Southern Miss Golden Eagles football The Southern Miss Golden Eagles football program represents the University of Southern Mississippi in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision. The Eagles are members of Conference USA and play their home games at M. M. Roberts Stadium in Hattiesburg, Mississippi.

neg: Weber State Wildcats football The Weber State Wildcats football program is the intercollegiate American football team for the Weber State University located in the U.S. state of Utah. The team competes in the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) and is a member of the Big Sky Conference. The school's first football team was fielded in 1962. The team plays its home games at the 17,312-seat Stewart Stadium. They are coached by Jay Hill.

neg: Cliff Hagan Stadium Cliff Hagan Stadium (officially named Shively Field at Cliff Hagan Stadium) is a baseball stadium in Lexington, Kentucky. It is the home field of the University of Kentucky Wildcats college baseball team. The stadium, which currently holds 3,000, opened in 1969 as part of the Bernie A. Shively Sports Center, which also includes the school's track and field facilities in an adjacent stadium. The stadium was renamed in 1993 in honor of Cliff Hagan, the Basketball Hall of Famer who had played at Kentucky during the 1950s under Adolph Rupp and returned to Kentucky as athletic director after his professional basketball playing days. It was extensively renovated in 2002.

neg: Smisor Stadium Smisor Stadium is a sport stadium in Sterling, Kansas. The facility is primarily used by Sterling College for college football. The stadium is also used for local high school and other community events.

neg: Chicago Maroons men's basketball The Chicago Maroons men's basketball team is an NCAA Division III college basketball team competing in the University Athletic Association. Home games are played at the Gerald Ratner Athletics Center, located on the University of Chicago's campus in Chicago.

neg: Samford Bulldogs football The Samford Bulldogs football program is the intercollegiate American football team for Samford University located in the U.S. state of Alabama. The team competes in the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) and are members of the Southern Conference. Samford's first football team was fielded in 1902. The team plays its home games at the 6,700 seat Seibert Stadium in Homewood, Alabama. The Bulldogs are coached by Chris Hatcher.

neg: Memorial Stadium (Lincoln) Memorial Stadium is located on the campus of the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in Lincoln, Nebraska, United States. It is the home of the Nebraska Cornhuskers football team.

neg: Bell Field Bell Field, originally known as College Field (1893–1909), was an outdoor athletic stadium in the northwest United States, on the campus of Oregon State College (now University) in Corvallis, Oregon. It was the home venue of Oregon State Beavers football prior to the opening of Parker Stadium (now Reser Stadium) in November 1953.

neg: Shuford Stadium Shuford Stadium is a 4,500-capacity stadium located in Salisbury, North Carolina. It is home to Catawba College, who play in the South Atlantic Conference.

neg: Washington College Shoremen lacrosse Washington College Shoremen lacrosse represents Washington College in men's college lacrosse at the NCAA Division III level. The team competes in the Centennial Conference , which is one of the top athletic conferences for NCAA Division III lacrosse. The Shoremen player their home games at Roy Kirby, Jr. Stadium, on Kibler Field, in Chestertown, Maryland. which has been voted a top-ten collegiate lacrosse facility by "Lacrosse Magazine". In 1998 Washington college won its first NCAA Division III Men's Lacrosse Championship.

neg: Stony Brook Seawolves football The Stony Brook Seawolves football program is the collegiate football team that represents Stony Brook University in the National Collegiate Athletic Association. The program participates in the Division I Football Championship Subdivision and currently competes in the eleven-member Colonial Athletic Association. The program plays it home games at Kenneth P. LaValle Stadium in Stony Brook, New York.

neg: Charles Watson Stadium Spring Brooks Stadium/Vrooman Field is a baseball stadium located on the campus of Coastal Carolina University in Conway, South Carolina. It is the home field of the Coastal Carolina Chanticleers baseball team.

neg: 2010 Ole Miss Rebels football team The 2010 Ole Miss Rebels football team represented the University of Mississippi during the 2010 college football season. The team was coached by Houston Nutt, who was in his third season as the Rebels' head coach. Ole Miss has been a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) since the league's inception in 1932, and has participated in that conference's Western Division since its formation in 1992. The Rebels played seven home games in 2010 at Vaught–Hemingway Stadium in Oxford, Mississippi, which has been Ole Miss football's home since 1915. They finished the season 4–8, 1–7 in SEC play.

neg: Boston College Eagles football The Boston College Eagles football team represents Boston College in the sport of American football. The Eagles compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Atlantic Division of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC). Begun in 1892, Boston College's football team was one of six "Major College" football programs in New England as designated by NCAA classifications, starting in 1938. By 1981, and for the remainder of the twentieth century, BC was New England's sole Division I-A program. It has amassed a 624–444–37 record and is 99–54 since the turn of the 21st century.

neg: Ed Widseth Field Ed Widseth Field is a stadium on the campus of the University of Minnesota Crookston. It was named Ed Widseth Field in lasting tribute to Ed Widseth. Ed Widseth graduated from UM-Crookston when it was named Northwest School of Agriculture.

neg: Drake Field (stadium) Drake Field was an American football, baseball, and track stadium on the campus of Auburn University, in Auburn, Alabama, United States. From 1911 to 1939, Drake field was the home field of the Auburn University Tigers football team. The stadium was also home to the Auburn University Tigers baseball team from 1911 through 1949, and the Auburn High School Tigers football team from 1911 through 1920 and 1935 through 1939. It had a capacity of 7,550 in 1939.

neg: UNC Pembroke Braves football The UNC Pembroke Braves football team represents the University of North Carolina at Pembroke in college football, competing as an NCAA Division II independent. Pembroke plays its home games at the 4,000 seat Grace P. Johnson Stadium at Lumbee Guaranty Bank Field, which is located on-campus in Pembroke, North Carolina. Although only fielding a modern team since the 2007 season, Pembroke previously fielded teams between the 1946 and 1950 seasons as Pembroke State.

neg: Mayo College Ground Mayo College Ground is a sports venue located in the campus of Mayo College in Ajmer, Rajasthan. Its is a sports facilities for students and staff consisting of playing fields for football, hockey and a cricket ground with a view of the Aravali Hills and a beautiful old red sandstone pavilion called "Bikaner Pavillion".


query: Who was the director of 1974 film starring the "Dream Girl", Hema Malini?

pos: Kasauti Kasauti is a 1974 Bollywood drama film directed by Aravind Sen. The film stars Hema Malini and Amitabh Bachchan.

pos: Hema Malini Hema Malini (born 16 October 1948) is an Indian actress, director, producer, dancer and politician. In 1963 she made her acting debut in the Tamil film "Ithu Sathiyam" as a dancer and supporting actress. Malini first acted in a main role in "Sapno Ka Saudagar" (1968), and went on to feature in numerous Bollywood films, primarily as the lead actress. In most of her films, she starred opposite her husband Dharmendra, and with Rajesh Khanna and Dev Anand. Malini was initially promoted as the "Dream Girl", and in 1977 starred in a film of the same name. She has played both comic and dramatic roles, as well as being a dancer. She has appeared in more than 150 films.

neg: Kamini (film) Kamini is a 1974 Indian Malayalam film, directed by Subair and produced by Anvar and HH Abdulla Settu. The film stars Prema, T. R. Omana, Raghavan and T. S. Muthaiah in lead roles. The film had musical score by MS Baburaj.

neg: Man Tera Tan Mera Man Tera Tan Mera is a 1971 Bollywood drama film directed by B.R. Ishara. The film stars Rehana Sultan.

neg: Bhale Huchcha Bhale Huchcha (Kannada: ಭಲೇ ಹುಚ್ಚ ) is a 1972 Indian Kannada film directed by Y. R. Swamy and produced by Gopal Lakshman. It stars Rajkumar and Aarathi in lead roles.

neg: Abhimaan (1973 film) Abhimaan (Hindi: अभिमान , Urdu:  , translation: Pride) is a 1973 Indian Hindi musical drama film starring Amitabh Bachchan; his real-life wife, Jaya Bachchan; Asrani; and Bindu. It was directed by Hrishikesh Mukherjee.

neg: Kaya Taran Kaya Taran (English title: "Chrysalis") is a 2004 Indian Hindi film directed by Sashi Kumar with Angad Bedi, Seema Biswas, Neelambari Bhattacharya and Neeta Mohindra in the lead roles.

neg: Pennpada Pennpada is a 1975 Indian Malayalam film, directed by Crossbelt Mani and produced by CP Sreedharan, P Appu Nair and KV Nair. The film stars Rajakokila, Reena, Vijayalalitha and Vincent in lead roles. The film had musical score by R. K. Shekhar.

neg: Ankur (film) Ankur (Hindi: अंकुर, Urdu: اَنکُر, translation: "The Seedling") is an Indian colour film of 1974. It was the first feature film directed by Shyam Benegal and the debut of Indian actors Ananth Nag and Shabana Azmi. Ananth Nag was introduced in Ankur by Shyam Benegal after his higher education in Mumbai. The film was shot in Hyderabad. Though Shabana Azmi had acted in other films as well, "Ankur" was her first release.Shabana Azmi interview </ref>

neg: Aaj Ka Mahaatma Aaj Ka Mahaatma is a 1976 Bollywood romantic action film directed by Kundan Kumar. The film stars Randhir Kapoor and Rekha .

neg: Bhala Manus Bhala Manus is a 1976 Bollywood film directed by Vishwamitra Gokel.

neg: Thanga Pathakkam Thanga Pathakkam (English: Gold Medal) is a 1974 Tamil film directed by P. Madhavan and written by Mahendran. Produced by Shanthi Narayanaswamy and T. Manohar, the film stars Sivaji Ganesan, K. R. Vijaya, and Shrikanth in the lead roles, while Major Sundararajan and Cho Ramaswamy play supporting roles. The music was composed by M. S. Viswanathan. The film completed a 182-day run at the box office. It was remade in Telugu as "Kondaveeti Simham" with N. T. Rama Rao and in Hindi as "Farz Aur Kanoon" with Jeetendra. "Shakti", a Hindi film with Dilip Kumar and Amitabh Bachchan has similarities with this film. It was also an inspiration for the 2004 Kannada movie "Kadamba"

neg: Hemantharaathri Hemantharaathri is a 1978 Indian Malayalam film, directed by P Balthasar and produced by Balthasar. The film stars Jayan, Jayabharathi, Raghavan and K. P. Ummer in lead roles. The film had musical score by A. T. Ummer.

neg: Ajanabee (1974 film) Ajanabee (Hindi: अजनबी ; English: Stranger ) is a 1974 Bollywood film produced by Girija Samanta and directed by Shakti Samanta. The film stars Jatin Khanna and Zeenat Aman in the lead supported by Prem Chopra, Asrani, Madan Puri, Yogeeta Bali and Asit Sen. The film's music is by R.D. Burman. The song Hum Dono Do Premi is a four-minute train sequence in the film and it was the first song to be shot fully on the top of the train. This film saw Khanna paired for the first time with Aman.

neg: Ishk Ishk Ishk Ishq Ishq Ishq or Ishk Ishk Ishk is 1974 Indian Hindi film produced, directed by and starring Dev Anand along with Zeenat Aman, Kabir Bedi, and Shabana Azmi.

neg: Sweet Movie Sweet Movie is a 1974 avant-garde art house comedy-drama film written and directed by Yugoslavian director Dušan Makavejev.

neg: Policewomen (film) Policewomen is a 1974 exploitation film about a female police officer who infiltrates an all-female criminal gang. The film was written and directed by Lee Frost, and stars Sondra Currie (who would later be better known to recent audiences for her role in the Golden Globe-winning comedy "The Hangover"), Tony Young, and Phil Hoover.

neg: Kora Kagaz Kora Kagaz (Hindi: कोरा कागज़; translation: Blank Paper) is a 1974 Hindi drama film produced by Sanath Kothari and directed by Anil Ganguly. The film stars Vijay Anand, Jaya Bhaduri, A.K. Hangal, Achala Sachdev and Deven Verma. The films music is by Kalyanji Anandji. The famous title song "Mera Jeevan Kora Kagaz" was by Kishore Kumar.

neg: Nirthasala Nirthasala is a 1972 Indian Malayalam film, directed by AB Raj and produced by Sobhana Parameswaran Nair. The film stars Prem Nazir, Jayabharathi, Innocent and Adoor Bhasi in lead roles. The film had musical score by V. Dakshinamoorthy.

neg: Maan Gaye Ustaad Maan Gaye Ustaad is a 1981 Indian Bollywood film directed by Shibu Mitra and produced by S.K. Kapur. It stars Shashi Kapoor and Hema Malini in pivotal roles.

neg: Call Girl (1974 film) Call Girl is a 1974 Bollywood romantic drama film directed by Vijay Kapoor.

neg: Sakshatkara Sakshatkara (Kannada: ಸಾಕ್ಷಾತ್ಕಾರ , translation: "Realization") is a 1971 Kannada drama film directed by Puttanna Kanagal featuring Rajkumar, Jamuna and Prithviraj Kapoor.


query: Drum is a brand of tobacco distributed by a corporation under what parent company?

pos: Drum (tobacco) Drum is a brand of fine-cut handrolling tobacco, or shag. It was originally produced and distributed by the Dutch Douwe Egberts corporation. Douwe Egberts was purchased by the Sara Lee Corporation, which sold Drum to Imperial Tobacco, the current British producer. After Douwe Egberts discontinued Drum in the USA, Republic Tobacco of Glenview, Illinois, began making its own version of Drum for distribution in the United States, usually sold accompanied by a package of JOB rolling papers. Both versions are considered "halfzware" (Dutch for "half-strength") type tobaccos, although the flavors and cuts are not the same due to different methods of curing. Halfzware usually indicates a combination of dark Kentucky burley and bright Virginia tobaccos. Imperial also produces Drum in gold (blonde) and light (mild) varieties. Drum's main competitor in the US is Bali Shag rolling tobacco.

pos: Douwe Egberts Douwe Egberts is a brand of coffee, and company namesake which was owned by parent company Mondelez International, produced by Jacobs Douwe Egberts. It was founded in Joure, Netherlands by Egbert Douwes in 1753 as The White Ox (De Witte Os) a general grocery shop, which later developed into a company dealing specifically in coffee, tea, and tobacco. By 1925 it had changed its name to Douwe Egberts (as in Douwe, the son of Egbert), and had introduced the red seal with initialism as its logo.

neg: Cutco Cutco Corporation, formerly Alcas Corporation, is a direct sales company that sells knives. It is the parent company of CUTCO Cutlery Corp., Vector Marketing, Ka-Bar Knives, and Schilling Forge. Its primary brand is the name Cutco.

neg: VMR Products VMR Products LLC is an electronic cigarette company. The company markets brands of e-cigarettes and vaporizers, including "V2", "V2 Pro", "Vapor Couture" and "Vapour2".

neg: Ultra Products Ultra Products, a division of the Systemax group of companies, is a US-based computer parts manufacturer, importer and distributor.

neg: Unilever Unilever ( ) is a Dutch-British transnational consumer goods company co-headquartered in Rotterdam, Netherlands and London, United Kingdom. Its products include food, beverages, cleaning agents and personal care products. It is the world's largest consumer goods company measured by 2012 revenue, and is also the world's largest producer of food spreads, such as margarine. It is Europe’s 7th-most valuable company. Unilever is one of the oldest multinational companies; its products are available in around 190 countries.

neg: Scandinavian Tobacco Group Scandinavian Tobacco Group is a manufacturer of cigars and traditional pipe tobacco. The company is headquartered in Copenhagen, Denmark, and is a publicly listed Company on NASDAQ Copenhagen.

neg: Dexcom Dexcom, Inc. is a company that develops, manufactures and distributes continuous glucose monitoring systems for diabetes management. It operates internationally with headquarters in San Diego, California, United States.

neg: Original Musical Instrument Company Original (formerly "Original Musical Instrument Company", also known for its acronym "OMI") is an American brand currently owned by the Gibson Guitar Corporation. The company uses the brand to produce and commercialize resonator guitars.

neg: Saturn Corporation The Saturn Corporation, also known as Saturn LLC, is a registered trademark established on January 7, 1985, as a subsidiary of General Motors. The company marketed itself as a "different kind of car company" and operated somewhat independently from its parent company for a time with its own assembly plant in Spring Hill, Tennessee; unique models; and a separate retailer network, and was GM's attempt to compete with Japanese automakers.

neg: Guttar Music Entertainment Guttar Music is a distribution company of New No Limit, established in 2005 by P. Miller and his son Romeo. It is also the parent company of No Limit Records. Master P & Romeo would later hand down the label to their cousins Black Don formerly Blakk (CEO) & D The Business formerly Lil' D (President) before the label would later become defunct.

neg: Stride Rite Corporation Stride Rite, formerly the Stride Rite Corporation and stylized as stride rite, is an American company that develops, manufactures and markets children's footwear in the United States of America and international markets. It is a major marketer of athletic and casual footwear for children and adults. In addition to the Stride Rite brand, the company is known for designing and manufacturing footwear for co-brands from the Wolverine World Wide group under the following owned or licensed brands: Keds, Grasshoppers, Robeez, Saucony, Sperry Top-Sider, Merrell, Hush Puppies, and Jessica Simpson Kids. They also owned the rights to the defunct children's brand Zips.

neg: Universal Corporation Universal Corporation () is one of the world's leading tobacco merchants. Incorporated in 1918, Universal has headquarters in Richmond, Virginia, in the United States.

neg: Suzuki Musical Instrument Corporation The Suzuki Musical Instrument Corporation (鈴木楽器製作所 , Suzuki Gakki Seisakusho ) is a Japanese company that produces a range of musical instruments.

neg: Big Tobacco Big Tobacco is the "big five" largest global tobacco industry companies which are Philip Morris International, British American Tobacco, Imperial Brands, Japan Tobacco International, and China Tobacco.

neg: DYMO Corporation DYMO Corporation is an American company that manufactures handheld label printers and thermal transfer printing tape as accessory, embossing tape label makers, and other printers such as CD and DVD labelers and durable medical equipment.

neg: Drumchannel.com DrumChannel.com, commonly referred to as DrumChannel or Drum Channel, is an educational drumming website featuring live an on-demand lessons and shows.

neg: JM Eagle JM Eagle is an American corporation and the world’s largest manufacturer of plastic pipe. At its 22 plants in North America, the company manufactures polyvinyl chloride and high-density polyethylene pipe for a variety of industries including utility, plumbing, electrical, natural gas, irrigation, potable water, drainage and sewage.

neg: American Honda Motor Company The American Honda Motor Company, Inc. (sometimes abbreviated as AHM) is a North American subsidiary of the Honda Motor Company, Ltd. It was founded in 1959. The company combines product sales, service and coordinating functions of Honda in North America, and is responsible for distribution, marketing and sales of Honda and Acura brand automobiles, Honda power sports products, including motorcycles, scooters and all-terrain vehicles, and Honda power equipment products, including lawnmowers, tillers, string trimmers, snow blowers, generators, small displacement general-purpose engines and marine outboard engines.

neg: Batus Inc. BATUS Inc. is a United States former subsidiary of British American Tobacco, now the world's second largest cigarette manufacturer. Beginning in the late 1960s, British American Tobacco followed the then-fashionable theory of diversification, including significant investments in the apparently booming world of retail.

neg: Cubic Corporation Cubic Corporation is an American public corporation providing diversified systems and services to the transportation and defense markets worldwide. Founded and headquartered in 9333 Balboa Avenue, San Diego, CA, 92123, Cubic Corporation is the parent company of three major divisions: Cubic Transportation Systems, Cubic Mission Solutions and Cubic Global Defense.

neg: The Wonderful Company The Wonderful Company LLC, formerly known as Roll Global, is a private corporation based in Los Angeles, California. With revenues of over $4.8 billion, it functions as a holding company for Stewart and Lynda Resnick, and as such is a vehicle for their personal investments in a number of businesses. The company currently counts as business divisions the following brands: flower delivery service Teleflora, juice company POM Wonderful, bottled water company FIJI Water, Wonderful Pistachios and Wonderful Almonds (formerly Paramount Farms), Wonderful Citrus (formerly Paramount Citrus), sea freight company Neptune Pacific Line, JUSTIN Vineyards and Winery, pest control company Suterra, and in-house marketing agency Wonderful Agency (formerly Fire Station).


query: The Russian advance during the start of the Battle of Kostiuchnówka was also known as what?

pos: Battle of Kostiuchnówka The Battle of Kostiuchnówka was a World War I battle that took place July 4–6, 1916, near the village of Kostiuchnówka (Kostyukhnivka) and the Styr River in the Volhynia region of modern Ukraine, then part of the Russian Empire. It was a major clash between the Russian Army and the Polish Legions (part of the Austro-Hungarian Army) during the opening phase of the Brusilov Offensive.

pos: Brusilov Offensive The Brusilov Offensive (Russian: Брусиловский прорыв "Brusilovskiĭ proryv", literally: "Brusilov's breakthrough"), also known as the "June Advance", of June to September 1916 was the Russian Empire's greatest feat of arms during World War I, and among the most lethal offensives in world history. Historian Graydon Tunstall called the Brusilov Offensive the worst crisis of World War I for Austria-Hungary and the Triple Entente's greatest victory, but it came at a tremendous loss of life.

neg: Battle of Brzostowica The Battle of Brzostowica took place on September 20–25, during the Polish-Soviet War. Polish 3rd Legions Infantry Division, commanded by General Leon Berbecki, clashed with units of the Soviet 15th Army (General August Kork). The Battle of Brzostowica took place in initial stages of the much larger Battle of the Niemen River.

neg: Valley of Glory The Valley of Glory ("Долина Славы") is a valley on the right bank of the Zapadnaya Litsa River. A bloody battle began in the summer of 1941 for the region as German forces launched an offensive towards Murmansk, Russia. Russian forces halted the German assault and the frontline stabilized until the autumn of 1944.

neg: Battle of the Danube The Battle of Slobozia, Battle of the Danube or Kutuzov's Danube Operation occurred after the Russian victory at Rousse which took place on 22 June 1811. After the Russian victory, Mikhail Kutuzov ordered his forces to cross the Danube to Bessarabia. This odd retreat made the Turks think that they won: a big party was held in Constantinople to celebrate the Turks' "victory". Tsar Alexander I became very angry and demanded an explanation. However, Kutuzov had a secret plan behind that strange act and he decided to keep quiet for a while.

neg: Battle of Krzykawka Battle of Krzykawka was a military engagement that took place during the January Uprising on May 5, 1863, between Russian forces and Polish insurgents and foreign (French and Italian) volunteers allied with them. It took place close to the village of Krzykawka near Olkusz. The Polish forces were led by general Józef Miniewski and included the Italian Garibaldi Legion under the command of Francesco Nullo. The outcome of the engagement was a victory for the Russian forces.

neg: Voronezh-Kastornensk operation The 1943 battle of Voronezh or Voronezh-Kastornensk operation (often credited in Russian as the liberation of Voronezh (освобождение Воронежа)) was a Soviet counter-offensive on the Eastern Front of World War II on recapturing the city of Voronezh during January 1943.

neg: Battle of Lyubar The Battle of Lyubar or battle of Lubar took place on 14–27 September 1660 near Lyubar, during the Russo-Polish War (1654–1667), between the forces of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (allied with the Tatars) and Tsardom of Russia (allied with the Cossacks). It was the first battle of the 1660 campaign in the south. It ended with a Polish victory. The Russian army retreated and was subsequently destroyed during the battle of Chudniv.

neg: Allied advance from Paris to the Rhine The Allied advance from Paris to the Rhine was a phase in the of World War II.

neg: Battle of Osuchy The Battle of Osuchy (less often referred to as the Battle at Sopot River) was one of the largest battles between the Polish resistance and Nazi Germany in occupied Poland during World War II, a part of the Zamość Uprising. It took place near the village of Osuchy in the Solska Wilderness ("Puszcza Solska") on 25–26 June 1944 during the German anti-partisan operation Sturmwind II (Operation Hurricane II). The battle ended with the defeat of the local resistance forces that suffered heavy casualties.

neg: Battle of Galicia The Battle of Galicia, also known as the Battle of Lemberg, was a major battle between Russia and Austria-Hungary during the early stages of World War I in 1914. In the course of the battle, the Austro-Hungarian armies were severely defeated and forced out of Galicia, while the Russians captured Lemberg and, for approximately nine months, ruled Eastern Galicia.

neg: Battle of Kiev (1941) The First Battle of Kiev was the German name for the operation that resulted in a very large encirclement of Soviet troops in the vicinity of Kiev during World War II. This encirclement is considered the largest encirclement in the history of warfare (by number of troops). The operation ran from 7 August to 26 September 1941 as part of Operation Barbarossa, the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union. In Soviet military history, it is referred to as the Kiev Strategic Defensive Operation, with somewhat different dating of 7 July – 26 September 1941.

neg: Kholm Pocket The Kholm Pocket (German: "Kessel von Cholm" ; Russian: Холмский котёл ) was the name given for the encirclement of German troops by the Red Army around Kholm south of Leningrad, during World War II on the Eastern Front, from 23 January 1942 until 5 May 1942. A much larger pocket was simultaneously surrounded in Demyansk, about 100 km to the northeast. These were the results of German retreat following their defeat during the Battle of Moscow.

neg: Bergmann Offensive The Bergmann Offensive (Turkish: "Bergmann Atağı" ; Russian: Берхманнский прорыв ; in Russian literature Russian: Кёприкейская операция , "Köprüköy operation") was the first engagement of the Caucasus Campaign during World War I. General , commander of I Caucasian Army Corps, took the initiative against the Ottoman Empire.

neg: Battle of Grudziądz Battle of Grudziądz was a military engagement between German and Polish forces during the early days of the Invasion of Poland in September 1939. It started on September 1, and ended with a German victory on September 4. German historiography has dealt with the fighting in the larger context of the Battle of Tuchola Forest.

neg: Battle of the Dnieper The Battle of the Dnieper was a military campaign that took place in 1943 on the Eastern Front of World War II. It was one of the largest operations in World War II, involving almost 4,000,000 troops stretched on a 1400 km long front. During its four-month duration, the eastern bank of the Dnieper was recovered from German forces by five of the Red Army's fronts, which conducted several assault river crossings to establish several lodgements on the western bank. Subsequently, Kiev was liberated in the Battle of Kiev.

neg: Battle of Gnila Lipa The Battle of Gnila Lipa took place early in the World War I on 29–30 August 1914, when the Imperial Russian Army invaded Galicia and engaged the defending Austro-Hungarian Army. It was part of a larger series of battles known collectively as the Battle of Galicia. The battle ended in a defeat of the Austro-Hungarian forces.

neg: Second Battle of Polotsk The Second Battle of Polotsk (18–20 October 1812) took place during Napoleon's invasion of Russia. In this encounter the Russians under General Peter Wittgenstein attacked and defeated a Franco-Bavarian force under Laurent Gouvion Saint-Cyr. In the aftermath of this success, the Russians took Polotsk and dismantled Napoleon's operations in Belarus. Wittgenstein's victory set the stage for the Battle of Berezina in November, in which three Russian armies converged on Napoleon from separate directions.

neg: Battle of Shklow (1654) The Battle of Szkłów or battle of Shkloŭ or battle of Shklov on August 12, 1654 was one of the first battles of the Russo-Polish War (1654–67); it ended with a Polish victory. A small Polish–Lithuanian force of about 6,000–7,000 under Great Lithuanian Hetman Janusz Radziwiłł surprised a numerically superior Russian force (of 40,000; some estimates speak of about 70,000, but they are likely too high) under knyaz Yakov Cherkassky near Shklow (Polish: "Szkłów" ). The battle took place during a solar eclipse. The Russian forces, due to their surprise, were engaged by the Poles unprepared and in smaller portions, which were defeated in turn. Eventually the Poles forced the entire Russian army to retreat; the losses are estimated at about 700 for the Poles and 7,000 for the Russians (although they may be overestimated for both sides).

neg: Battle of the Dukla Pass The Battle of the Dukla Pass, also known as the Dukla / Carpatho-Dukla / Rzeszów-Dukla / Dukla-Prešov Offensive was the scene of bitterly contested battle for the Dukla Pass (borderland between Poland and Slovakia) on the Eastern Front of World War II between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union in September–October 1944. It was part of the Soviet East Carpathian Strategic Offensive that also included the Carpathian-Uzhgorod Offensive. The operation's primary goal to provide support for the Slovaks was not achieved, though it concluded the full liberation of the Ukraine in its modern borders by the occupation of the Subcarpathian region as a territory of the former Carpatho-Ukraine.

neg: Battle of Zadwórze Battle of Zadwórze (sometimes referred to as the "Polish Thermopylae") was a battle of the Polish-Soviet War. It was fought on August 17, 1920 near the train station of , a small village located 33 kilometres from the city centre of Lwów (now Lviv). The battle, lasting roughly 24 hours, resulted in the complete destruction of the Polish forces but at the same time halted the Soviet advance, preventing the forces of Siemion Budionnyi from seizing Lwów and so contributing to the successful defence of Warsaw. The battle has been called a Polish Thermopylae.

neg: Battle of Daugavpils Battle of Daugavpils (also known as the Battle of Dyneburg) was the final battle in the Polish-Soviet campaign of 1919. A joint Polish and Latvian force, operating under Polish Staff orders known as "Operation Winter", attacked the Red Army garrison in Dunaburg, or Daugavpils, from 3-5 Jan. 1920.