query: Which documentary, The Birth of Saké or Gasland, was written and directed by Josh Fox?

pos: The Birth of Saké The Birth of Saké is a 2015 documentary film about the Yoshida Brewery, a 144-year old sake brewery in Ishikawa Prefecture. "The Birth of Saké" documents the painstaking process of traditional, craft saké brewing that lasts throughout the winter.

pos: Gasland Gasland is a 2010 American documentary written and directed by Josh Fox. Nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary in 2011, the film focuses on communities in the United States affected by natural gas drilling and, specifically, a method of horizontal drilling into shale formations known as hydraulic fracturing. The film was a key mobilizer for the anti-fracking movement, and "brought the term 'hydraulic fracturing' into the nation's living rooms" according to "The New York Times". The film was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature.

neg: Brett Gaylor Brett Gaylor is a Canadian documentary filmmaker living in Victoria, British Columbia. Born in 1977, he grew up on Galiano Island, British Columbia. He was formerly the VP of Mozilla's Webmaker Program. His most recent documentary, "Do Not Track", explores privacy and the web economy.

neg: For Peete's Sake For Peete's Sake is an American reality television series starring Holly Robinson Peete, Rodney Peete, their four kids, and her mom, Dolores. It premiered on March 19, 2016 on the Oprah Winfrey Network, as part of its Saturday-night reality lineup. On August 8, 2016, the network renewed the show for a second season. On May 10, 2017, Holly announced on her instagram account that the show was cancelled after two seasons.

neg: Matt Bigland Matt Bigland (born 8 July 1985) is an English rock musician, multi-instrumentalist and songwriter. He is best known as the founder, songwriter, and lead singer/guitarist of the alternative rock band Dinosaur Pile-Up.

neg: Free Ride (TV series) Free Ride is an American partially improvised sitcom that aired on Fox starring Josh Dean as "Nate Stahlings", a recent college graduate re-adjusting to life at home with his parents in Johnson City, Missouri. The pilot episode aired on Wednesday, March 1, 2006 at 9:30 pm and the rest of the series aired on Sunday, after which Fox canceled it.

neg: For Fukui's Sake For Fukui's Sake is a 2011 travel book by Sam Baldwin that describes the experiences of living in Ono, Fukui prefecture, Japan, whilst working as an Assistant Language Teacher (ALT) on the JET Programme.

neg: Josh Woods (wrestler) Josh Woods is an American professional wrestler. In 2017, he won Ring of Honor's Top Prospect Tournament.

neg: Why Horror? Why Horror? is a 2014 Canadian documentary by filmmakers Nicolas Kleiman and Rob Lindsay. A work-in-progress draft of the film was screened in August 2014 at the Fantasia Festival and the official final version was screened on 3 October 2014 at the Feratum Film Festival. The documentary explores the psychology of the reasons why people enjoy the horror genre and includes interviews by several well-known horror icons.

neg: Josh Lattanzi Josh Lattanzi is an American musician best known for his collaborations with Norah Jones, Ben Kweller, The Lemonheads, Albert Hammond Jr., and The Candles.

neg: Josh Altman Josh Altman (born March 10, 1979) is an American real estate agent, real estate investor and reality television personality. He appears on the television show "Million Dollar Listing", on the Bravo! television network. He has also appeared on "Keeping Up with the Kardashians" and "Giuliana and Bill" on the E! network.

neg: Charles Wilkinson (director) Charles Wilkinson is a Canadian documentary filmmaker and film and television director. He is best known for his "environmental quadrilogy" of documentaries: "Peace Out", "Oil Sands Karaoke" and "" and "Vancouver: No Fixed Address". All four films premiered at Hot Docs International Documentary Festival, and have gone on to win awards at Hot Docs, the Vancouver International Film Festival and Yorkton Film Festival. Before moving into documentaries, Wilkinson worked for many years in dramatic television series and on feature films. His directing credits include such TV series as "", "The Immortal", "So Weird", "Dead Man's Gun", "Road to Avonlea", and "The Beachcombers", the feature films "Max", "Blood Clan", and "Breach of Trust" and the TV movie "Heart of the Storm". As a pre-teen, he was one of the original performers in the Calgary Safety Roundup, paired with his brother Billy as kid cowboy singers. "We sang both kinds - country and western."

neg: Fat, Sick and Nearly Dead Fat, Sick and Nearly Dead is a 2010 American documentary film which follows the 60-day journey of Australian Joe Cross across the United States as he follows a juice fast to regain his health under the care of Dr. Joel Fuhrman, Nutrition Research Foundation's Director of Research. Cross and Robert Mac, co-creators of the film, both serve on the Nutrition Research Foundation's Advisory Board. Following his fast and the adoption of a plant-based diet, Cross states in a press release that he lost 100 pounds and discontinued all medications.

neg: Josh Friedman Josh Friedman (born 1967) is an American screenwriter best known as writer of the TV series "" and the 2005 film adaptation of H.G. Wells' "War of the Worlds".

neg: Destination Truth Destination Truth was a weekly American paranormal reality television series that premiered on June 6, 2007, on Syfy. Produced by Mandt Bros. Productions and Ping Pong Productions, the program follows paranormal researcher Josh Gates around the world to investigate claims of the supernatural, mainly in the field of cryptozoology. Season three concluded on April 21, 2010, and currently holds the highest ratings ever for the series, which continued with a fourth season, beginning on Thursday, September 9, 2010, at 9:00 p.m. ET/PT. The fifth season began July 10, 2012. On March 27, 2014, Gates confirmed via his Facebook account that "Destination Truth" had ended its run and would not be returning for a sixth season, however The Travel Channel began airing replays of the show in the spring of 2017.

neg: Josh White (journalist) Josh White is an American journalist.

neg: Foxygen Foxygen is an American indie rock duo from Westlake Village, California, formed in 2005. The band consists of Jonathan Rado and Sam France. They have released four albums and a number of self-released EPs.

neg: Sugarland discography The discography of Sugarland, an American country duo, consists of five studio albums for Mercury Nashville and 14 singles. Founded in 2003 as a trio composed of Kristian Bush, Kristen Hall, and Jennifer Nettles, the trio self-released three albums which were only available at concerts before signing with Mercury.

neg: Joshua Dugdale Joshua Dugdale, FRSA (Birmingham 1974), is a British documentary film-maker. He studied economics at the University of Manchester.

neg: Joshua Davis (writer) Joshua Davis is an American writer, film producer and co-founder of "Epic Magazine". Davis is best known for writing a number of non-fiction pieces that have been optioned for film and television.

neg: Aaron Faulls Aaron Faulls (born February 6, 1975), is an American television personality, filmmaker, musician and marine conservationist. He is best known for his role as the original host of the television series Into The Drink, a Travel documentary-style series based around Faulls's background as an underwater filmmaker and journalist. He is also known for his appearances on "Gangland", a documentary television series on the History Channel.

neg: Josh Clayton-Felt Josh Clayton-Felt (May 18, 1967 – January 19, 2000) was an American singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist. He co-founded the alternative rock band School of Fish and later embarked on a solo career.


query: What band does Billy J. Kramer and Brian Epstein have in common?

pos: Billy J. Kramer William Howard Ashton, (born 19 August 1943), better known by his stage name Billy J. Kramer is an English pop singer. In the 1960s, Kramer was managed by Brian Epstein, who also managed The Beatles, and he recorded several original Lennon and McCartney compositions.

pos: Brian Epstein Brian Samuel Epstein ( ; 19 September 1934 – 27 August 1967) was an English music entrepreneur who managed the Beatles. Epstein first discovered the Beatles in November 1961 during a lunchtime performance at The Cavern Club. He was instantly impressed and saw great potential in the group. Epstein was rejected by nearly all major recording companies in London, until he secured a meeting with George Martin, head of EMI's Parlophone label. In May 1962, Martin agreed to sign the Beatles, partly because of Epstein's conviction that the group would become internationally famous.

neg: Eric D. Johnson Eric Donald Johnson (born June 7, 1976) is an American singer-songwriter, composer and multi-instrumentalist. He is best known as the leader of the influential folk-rock band Fruit Bats, and for his frequent collaborations with bands such as The Shins, Vetiver and Califone. He has also scored films, most notably Our Idiot Brother and Smashed. In 2014 it was announced he would begin a new solo recording project called EDJ.

neg: Bonaroo (band) Bonaroo was an American pop rock band which ran 1974-1975 featuring Bobby Winkelman, guitar, vocal and songwriter; Bill Cuomo, keyboards, vocal; Michael Hossack, drums; Robert Lichtig, bass, vocal; and Jerry Weems, guitar, vocal. They took part in the Warner Brothers band tour and issued four singles and one album "Bonaroo" (Warner Brothers Wounded Bird Records) 1975. Winkelman went on to record "Bonaroo II" as a solo project.

neg: Tyrants in Therapy The Tyrants in Therapy are an American "punk cabaret" band, which was formed in Los Angeles in 1983. Having started as a foursome, they have operated, since 1994, with only two members: songwriter, lead singer and producer Michael J; and songwriter and lead singer AbbeAbbe. Over the years, as they have experimented with different sounds, different line-ups and different labels, their music has been received with a mixture of enthusiasm and indifference. From 2001 to 2008, they wrote, produced and starred in a music and comedy television program, "Meet The Tyrants in Therapy", which aired on Public-access television cable TV networks.

neg: Bob Dylan World Tour 1966 The Bob Dylan World Tour 1966 was a concert tour undertaken by American musician Bob Dylan, from February to May 1966. Dylan's 1966 World Tour was notable as the first tour--actually a continuation of his late 1965 U.S. tour--where Dylan employed an electric band backing him, following his "going electric" at the 1965 Newport Folk Festival. The musicians Dylan employed as his backing band were known as The Hawks; they subsequently became famous as The Band. The 1966 tour was filmed by director D. A. Pennebaker. Pennebaker's footage was edited by Dylan and Howard Alk to produce a little-seen film, "Eat the Document", an anarchic account of the tour. Drummer Mickey Jones also filmed the tour with an 8mm home movie camera. Many of the 1966 tour concerts were recorded by Columbia Records. These recordings produced two official albums, the so-called and in 2016, "The Real Royal Albert Hall Concert," as well as The 1966 Live Recordings, a 36 CD box set of every recorded concert from the 1966 tour. There have also many unofficial bootleg recordings of the tour.

neg: Coven (band) Coven is an American psychedelic rock band with occult lyrics formed in the late 1960s. They had a top 40 hit in 1971 with the song "One Tin Soldier", the theme song of the movie "Billy Jack."

neg: Ruben and the Jets Ruben and the Jets was an American, Los Angeles-based rock band, active between 1972 and 1974. Led by Ruben Guevara, band members included, Ruben and the Jets released two albums, the first of which was produced by Frank Zappa, whose band The Mothers of Invention had previously released an album titled "Cruising with Ruben & the Jets", for which Guevera had named his band.

neg: Amanda Kramer Amanda Kramer is an American singer, songwriter, and composer.

neg: Jeffrey Foskett Jeffrey Foskett is an American singer, record producer, arranger and guitarist best known for his work with Brian Wilson and The Beach Boys. Foskett is described as The Beach Boys' "vice principal" by its core members.

neg: Brian Jones (disambiguation) Brian Jones (1942–1969) was a multi-instrumentalist and founder of The Rolling Stones.

neg: Billy Warlock Billy Warlock (born March 26, 1961) is an American actor best known for playing Eddie Kramer, a lifeguard on the first three seasons of "Baywatch" and in the reunion movie in 2003, as well as for numerous daytime roles, most notably Frankie Brady on "Days of Our Lives" and A. J. Quartermaine on "General Hospital".

neg: Brian Young (drummer) Brian Young is the drummer for the Scottish alternative rock band The Jesus and Mary Chain and formerly of the New York-based power pop band Fountains of Wayne, who had released five major-label albums and were awarded an RIAA-certified gold record for their single "Stacy's Mom."

neg: The New Electric Sound The New Electric Sound is an American rock band from Provo, Utah. The band draws inspiration from early rock and roll and surf rock bands like The Surfaris, Dick Dale and Buddy Holly and modern influences like The Strokes and The Kooks. They are recognized largely by their vintage musical approach and visual aesthetic.

neg: David Peel (musician) David Peel (born David Michael Rosario; August 3, 1942 – April 6, 2017) was a New York City-based musician who first recorded in the late 1960s with Harold Black, Billy Joe White, George Cori and Larry Adam performing as David Peel and The Lower East Side Band. His raw, acoustic "street rock" with lyrics about marijuana and "bad cops" appealed mostly to hippies and the disenfranchised.

neg: With a Little Help from My Friends "With a Little Help from My Friends" is a song by the Beatles, written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney from the album "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band" issued worldwide in June 1967. The song was written for and sung by the Beatles' drummer Ringo Starr as the character "Billy Shears". The song, paired with "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band" and featuring "A Day in the Life" as its B-side, was reissued as a single in the U.S. in August 1978 (#71) and in the U.K. in September 1978 (#63). "With a Little Help from My Friends" was ranked No. 311 on "Rolling Stone"' s list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.

neg: Roxy Music Roxy Music were an English rock band formed in 1971 by Bryan Ferry, who became the band's lead vocalist and chief songwriter, and bassist Graham Simpson. Alongside Ferry, the other longtime members were Phil Manzanera (guitar), Andy Mackay (saxophone and oboe) and Paul Thompson (drums and percussion), and other former members include Brian Eno (synthesizer and "treatments"), Eddie Jobson (synthesiser and violin), and John Gustafson (bass). Although the band took a break from group activities in 1976 and again in 1983, they reunited for a concert tour in 2001, and toured together intermittently between that time and their break-up in 2011. Ferry frequently enlisted members of Roxy Music as session musicians for his solo releases.

neg: Berlin (band) Berlin is an American new wave band. The group was formed in Orange County in 1979 by John Crawford (bass guitar). Band members included Crawford, Terri Nunn (vocals), David Diamond (keyboards), Ric Olsen (guitar), Matt Reid (keyboards) and Rod Learned (drums). The band gained mainstream-commercial success in the early 1980s with singles including "The Metro", "Sex (I'm A...)", "No More Words" and then in the mid 1980s with the chart-topping single "Take My Breath Away" from the 1986 film "Top Gun".

neg: Jake Epstein Jake Epstein (born January 16, 1987) is a Canadian actor and singer who played Craig Manning, a bipolar musician, on "". He also played Will in the First National Tour of "American Idiot" and created the role of Gerry Goffin in the Broadway production of "".

neg: Roll Out the Barrel (album) Roll Out the Barrel is a studio album by Jad Fair and Kramer, released in 1988 by Shimmy Disc.

neg: Emily Rose Epstein Emily Rose Epstein is an American drummer. She is best known for her collaborations with the garage rock musicians Ty Segall and Mikal Cronin. She is a member of Segall's live band, and a former member of Cronin's.

neg: Peter Frampton Peter Kenneth Frampton (born 22 April 1950) is an English rock musician, singer, songwriter, producer, and guitarist. He was previously associated with the bands Humble Pie and The Herd. At the end of his 'group' career was Frampton's international breakthrough album his live release, "Frampton Comes Alive!" The album sold in the United States more than 8 million copies and spawned several single hits. Since then he has released several major albums. He has also worked with David Bowie and both Matt Cameron and Mike McCready from Pearl Jam, among others.


query: Was Apsley Cherry-Garrard a zoologist?

pos: Cherry Icefall Cherry Icefall ( ) is a small, steep icefall on the south side of Barnes Peak in the Queen Alexandra Range, descending toward Beardmore Glacier. It was originally named Cherry Glacier by the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910–13, for Apsley Cherry-Garrard, zoologist with the expedition. The name has been amended on the recommendation of the New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition (1961–62) to be more descriptive of the feature.

pos: Apsley Cherry-Garrard Apsley George Benet Cherry-Garrard (2 January 1886 – 18 May 1959) was an English explorer of Antarctica. He was a member of the Terra Nova Expedition and is acclaimed for his historical account of this expedition, "The Worst Journey in the World".

neg: Charles Stewart (zoologist) Charles Stewart (18 May 1840 – 27 September 1907) was an English zoologist and comparative anatomist. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society on 4 June 1896, and he was the president of the Linnean Society from 1890 to 1894.

neg: Arthur Tansley Sir Arthur George Tansley FLS, FRS (15 August 1871 – 25 November 1955) was an English botanist and a pioneer in the science of ecology.

neg: William John Dakin William John Dakin (23 April 1883 – 2 April 1950) was a zoologist who is remembered for the large number of his students who achieved prominence in the area of zoology and for the number of books and papers he wrote on many scientific fields.

neg: Harry Geoffrey Beasley Harry Geoffrey Beasley (18 December 1881 – 24 February 1939) was a British anthropologist and museum curator who developed an important ethnographic collection during the early 20th century that is now held in various British museums.

neg: William Brunsdon Yapp William Brunsdon Yapp (1909–1990) was a zoologist and author. He lectured in zoology at the University of Birmingham. In 1957, he gave his address as Stourbridge; and in 1961, as an unspecified "Church End".

neg: Ray Lankester Sir Edwin Ray Lankester {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (15 May 1847 – 13 August 1929) was a British zoologist.

neg: Denis Owen Denis Frank Owen (4 April 1931, London, England – 3 October 1996, Oxford, England) was a British ecologist, naturalist, author, broadcaster and teacher.

neg: Prudence Hero Napier Prudence Hero Napier (née Rutherford) (1916 – 6, June 1997) was one of Britain's most eminent primatologists, and the world's leading expert on the taxonomy of primates. She was the widow of the primatologist, John Napier.

neg: David Taylor (veterinarian) David Conrad Taylor, BVMS, FRCVS, FZS (11 February 1934 – 29 January 2013), was a British veterinary surgeon. He was the first veterinary surgeon to specialise in zoo and wildlife medicine.

neg: Michael Brambell Michael R. Brambell is a British zoologist, and was director of the Chester Zoo, from around 1980 to 1995.

neg: Thomas C. Jerdon Thomas Caverhill Jerdon (12 October 1811 – 12 June 1872, Upper Norwood) was a British physician, zoologist and botanist. He was a pioneering ornithologist who described numerous species of birds in India. Several species of plants (including the genus "Jerdonia") and birds including the rare Jerdon's courser are named after him.

neg: Carl Wilhelm Hahn Carl Wilhelm Hahn (lat. "Carolus Guilielmus Hahn") (16 December 1786 – 7 November 1835) was a German zoologist and author of the first German monograph on spiders. C. W. Hahn was an all-round natural scientist – not at all unusual for his time. Surprisingly he seems to have been almost forgotten. Even the few biographical dates , which have been published in secondary literature are not always correct as clarified by P. Sacher in his "attempt at a Biography" :

neg: George Garrard George Garrard {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (31 May 1760 – 8 October 1826) was an English animal, landscape and portrait painter, modeller, sculptor, engraver and printmaker. He played a major role in lobbying Parliament to introduce legislation to protect the copyright of works by modellers of animal and human figures.

neg: Oliver G. Pike Oliver Gregory Pike, FZS, FRPS. (usually credited as Oliver G. Pike; 1 October 1877 – 17 October 1963) was a British naturalist, wildlife photographer, author and early nature documentary pioneer, specialising in the study of bird life. "His claim to significance," according to Bryony Dixon of BFI Screenonline, "lies in the groundbreaking techniques he developed to capture animals in their natural habitats and in the fact that he passed this knowledge on."

neg: Dada Gottelli Dada Gottelli is a British Zoologist. She is a Senior Research Technician with the "Institute of Zoology", the research division of the Zoological Society of London. She has worked with the endangered Ethiopian wolf ("Canis simensis"), the Serengeti cheetah and the Atlantic salmon.

neg: Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell (1866–1948) was an American zoologist, born at Norwood, England, and brother of Sydney Cockerell. He was educated at the Middlesex Hospital Medical School, and then studied botany in the field in Colorado in 1887–90. Subsequently, he became a taxonomist and published numerous papers on the Hymenoptera, Hemiptera, and Mollusca, as well as publications on paleontology and evolution.

neg: Neil Chalmers Sir Neil Robert Chalmers (19 June 1942), is a British zoologist and academic. He is a former Director of the Natural History Museum in London, and former warden of Wadham College, Oxford.

neg: George Henslow George Henslow (23 March 1835, Cambridge, UK – 30 December 1925, Bournemouth) was an Anglican curate, botanist and author. Henslow was notable for being a defender of Lamarckian evolution.

neg: John Traherne Moggridge John Traherne Moggridge (8 March 1842 – 24 November 1874) was a British botanist, entomologist, and arachnologist. A Fellow of the Linnean Society of London, he was known as a keen naturalist with great observational skills, as well as his paintings and illustrations. He wrote several articles on the fertilisation of plants, and his paintings of plants of southern France appeared in "Contributions to the Flora of Mentone". His two volume study, "Harvesting Ants and Trap-door Spiders", among other observations, confirmed that harvester ants are present in Europe, and was one of the first comprehensive treatments of the burrowing behaviour of trapdoor spiders. He was a correspondent of Charles Darwin, who cited his work in his books "Fertilisation of Orchids" and "The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex".

neg: William Chapman Hewitson William Chapman Hewitson was a British naturalist, born on 9 January 1806 in Newcastle upon Tyne and died at Oatlands Park, Surrey on 28 May 1878. A wealthy collector, Hewitson was particularly devoted to the Coleoptera and the Lepidoptera and, also, to bird's nests and eggs. His collection of butterflies, collected by him as well as purchased from travellers throughout the world, was one of the largest and most important of his time. He was also an accomplished scientific illustrator.


query: Don Chafin was a commander in a battle that took place in which year ?

pos: Don Chafin Don Chafin (June 26, 1887 – August 9, 1954) was the sheriff of Logan County, West Virginia and a commander in the Battle of Blair Mountain. As sheriff of Logan County, Chafin was a fierce opponent of unionization and received hundreds of thousands of dollars from coal mine operators in return for his violent suppression of the United Mine Workers union.

pos: Battle of Blair Mountain The Battle of Blair Mountain was the largest labor uprising in United States history and one of the largest, best-organized, and most well-armed uprisings since the American Civil War. For five days in late August and early September 1921, in Logan County, West Virginia, some 10,000 armed coal miners confronted 3,000 lawmen and strikebreakers, called the Logan Defenders, who were backed by coal mine operators during an attempt by the miners to unionize the southwestern West Virginia coalfields. The battle ended after approximately one million rounds were fired, and the United States Army intervened by presidential order.

neg: Battle of Franklin (1864) The Battle of Franklin was fought on November 30, 1864, in Franklin, Tennessee, as part of the Franklin–Nashville Campaign of the American Civil War. It was one of the worst disasters of the war for the Confederate States Army. Confederate Lt. Gen. John Bell Hood's Army of Tennessee conducted numerous frontal assaults against fortified positions occupied by the Union forces under Maj. Gen. John M. Schofield and was unable to break through or to prevent Schofield from a planned, orderly withdrawal to Nashville.

neg: Battle of San Cristóbal The Battle of San Cristóbal (Spanish: "Batalla de San Cristóbal" ) was a battle of the Thousand Days' War. Colombian troops besieged San Cristóbal (Venezuela) and took the place between 28 and 29 July 1901.

neg: Battle of Haifa (1948) The Battle of Haifa, called by the Jewish forces Operation Bi'ur Hametz (Hebrew: מבצע ביעור חמץ  , "Passover Cleaning") was a Haganah operation carried out on 21–22 April 1948. The objective of the operation was the capture of the Arab neighborhoods of Haifa and was a major event in the final stages of the civil war in Palestine, leading up to the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.

neg: Chacabuco (disambiguation) The Battle of Chacabuco was a decisive victory fought by Chilean and Argentine forces against the Spanish forces in Chile during the Chilean War of Independence in 1817. The name Chacabuco may also refer to:

neg: Battle of Guam (1941) The First Battle of Guam was an engagement during the Pacific War in World War II, and took place from 8 December to 10 December 1941 on Guam in the Mariana Islands between Japan and the United States. The American garrison was defeated by Japanese forces on 10 December, which resulted in an occupation until the Second Battle of Guam in 1944.

neg: Battle of Bloody Gulch The Battle of Bloody Gulch took place around the Manoir de Donville or Hill 30 (U.S. Army designation), approximately 1 mi southwest of Carentan in Normandy, France, on June 13, 1944.

neg: Battle of Guantánamo Bay The Battle of Guantánamo Bay was fought from June 6 to June 10 in 1898, during the Spanish–American War, when American and Cuban forces seized the strategically and commercially important harbor of Guantánamo Bay, Cuba. Capturing the bay from the Spanish forces was instrumental in the following Battle of Santiago de Cuba and the subsequent invasion of Puerto Rico. Although overshadowed by the land and sea battles at Santiago, the establishment of the United States naval base at Guantánamo Bay and the rout of defending Spanish troops by American and Cuban forces was important in the final Spanish defeat.

neg: Battle of Sangju (1950) The Battle of Sangju (Korean: 상주 전투 ) was an engagement between the United Nations and North Korean forces, occurring on July 20–31, 1950, in the village of Sangju in southern South Korea, early in the Korean War. It ended in a victory for the North Korean forces after they were able to push troops of the United States and South Korea out of the area.

neg: Battle of Donur Battle of Donur was a battle fought between the Chola army under Raja Raja Chola I and the Western Chalukya king Satyashraya at the town of Donur in Bijapur district, Karnataka, in southern India, in 1007.

neg: Battle of Belleau Wood The Battle of Belleau Wood (1–26 June 1918) occurred during the German Spring Offensive in World War I, near the Marne River in France. The battle was fought between the U.S. 2nd (under the command of Major General Omar Bundy) and 3rd Divisions along with French and British forces against an assortment of German units including elements from the 237th, 10th, 197th, 87th, and 28th Divisions. The battle has become a key component of the lore of the United States Marine Corps.

neg: Battle of Hannut The Battle of Hannut was a Second World War battle fought during the Battle of Belgium which took place between 12 and 14 May 1940 at Hannut in Belgium. It was the largest tank battle in the campaign. It was also the largest clash of tanks in armoured warfare history at the time.

neg: Battle of Cocherel The Battle of Cocherel was a battle fought on 16 May 1364 between the forces of Charles V of France and the forces of Charles II of Navarre (known as "Charles the Bad"), over the succession to the dukedom of Burgundy. The result was a French victory.

neg: Battle of Saint-Lô The Battle of Saint-Lô is one of the three conflicts in the , which took place between July 9–24, 1944, just before Operation Cobra. Saint-Lô had fallen to Germany in 1940, and, after the Invasion of Normandy, the Americans targeted the city, as it served as a strategic crossroads. American bombardments caused heavy damage (up to 95% of the city was destroyed) and a high number of casualties, which resulted in the martyr city being called "The Capital of Ruins", popularized in a report by Samuel Beckett.

neg: Battle of Chantilly The Battle of Chantilly (or Ox Hill, the Confederate name) took place on September 1, 1862, in Fairfax County, Virginia, as the concluding battle of the Northern Virginia Campaign of the American Civil War. Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson's corps of the Army of Northern Virginia attempted to cut off the line of retreat of the Union Army of Virginia following the Second Battle of Bull Run but was attacked by two Union divisions. During the ensuing battle, Union division commanders Isaac Stevens and Philip Kearny were both killed but the Union attack halted Jackson's advance.

neg: Battle of Carazúa The Battle of Carazúa (Spanish: "Batalla de Carazúa" ) was a battle of the Thousand Days' War. It took place on 13 September 1901.

neg: Battle of Tsaritsyn The Battle of Tsaritsyn was a military confrontation between Bolshevik forces and the White Army during the Russian Civil War. It was for control of the significant city and port on the Volga River in southwestern Russia. The battle resulted in a Bolshevik victory.

neg: Operation Lüttich Operation Lüttich was a codename given to a German counter-attack during the Battle of Normandy, which took place around the American positions near Mortain from 7 August to 13 August 1944. ("Lüttich" is the German name for the city of Liège in Belgium, where the Germans had won a victory in the early days of August 1914 during World War I.) The offensive is also referred to in American and British histories of the Battle of Normandy as the Mortain counter-offensive.

neg: Battle of La Ebonal The Battle of La Ebonal was fought in December 1859 near Brownsville, Texas during the First Cortina War. Following the Brownsville Raid, on September 28, and a few skirmishes with the Texas Rangers, rebel leader Juan Cortina led his small army into the hills outside of town and dug in near a series of cattle ranches. The United States Army responded by sending an expedition into the area, under the command of Major Samuel P. Heintzelman, with orders to pacify all resistance. A minor battle began on December 13, at a ranch called La Ebonal, and continued for a few hours as the Americans routed and then pursued the retreating Cortinistas.

neg: Third Battle of Tuxpan The Third Battle of Tuxpan was one of the three small battles of the Mexican-American War to occur in Tuxpan, Mexico. The engagement occurred on June 30, 1847, between Mexican troops and or militia and an American landing force from the Mosquito Fleet under Matthew C. Perry.

neg: First Battle of Bull Run The First Battle of Bull Run (the name used by Union forces), also known as the Battle of First Manassas (the name used by Confederate forces), was fought on July 21, 1861 in Prince William County, Virginia, just north of the city of Manassas and about 25 miles west-southwest of Washington, D.C. It was the first major battle of the American Civil War. The Union's forces were slow in positioning themselves, allowing Confederate reinforcements time to arrive by rail. Each side had about 18,000 poorly trained and poorly led troops in their first battle. It was a Confederate victory, followed by a disorganized retreat of the Union forces.


query: The Toronto School is a school of thought in communication theory and literary criticism, the principles of which were developed chiefly by scholars at the University of Toronto, the school originated from the works of Eric A. Havelock, was a British classicist who spent most of his life in Canada, and which country?

pos: Toronto School of communication theory The Toronto School is a school of thought in communication theory and literary criticism, the principles of which were developed chiefly by scholars at the University of Toronto. It is characterized by exploration of Ancient Greek literature and the theoretical view that communication systems create psychological and social states. The school originated from the works of Eric A. Havelock and Harold Innis in the 1930s, and grew to prominence with the contributions of Edmund Snow Carpenter, Northrop Frye and Marshall McLuhan.

pos: Eric A. Havelock Eric Alfred Havelock ( ; 3 June 1903 – 4 April 1988) was a British classicist who spent most of his life in Canada and the United States. He was a professor at the University of Toronto and was active in the Canadian socialist movement during the 1930s. In the 1960s and 1970s, he served as chair of the classics departments at both Harvard and Yale. Although he was trained in the turn-of-the-20th-century Oxbridge tradition of classical studies, which saw Greek intellectual history as an unbroken chain of related ideas, Havelock broke radically with his own teachers and proposed an entirely new model for understanding the classical world, based on a sharp division between literature of the 6th and 5th centuries BC on the one hand, and that of the 4th on the other.

neg: Robert J. H. Morrison Robert J. H. Morrison (born 6 January 1961) is a Canadian author, editor, academic, and professor of English at Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario. He is a scholar of late eighteenth- and nineteenth-century literature and culture, particularly of Romanticism and the works of Thomas De Quincey.

neg: Wilfrid Eggleston Wilfrid Eggleston (25 March 1901 – 13 June 1986) was an Anglo-Canadian journalist, author and civil servant. Born in Lincoln to middle-class English parents, he relocated to Netherfield, Nottinghamshire where his father was convinced to move the family to a ranch in Orion, Alberta. Suffering from boredom in his teenage years, Eggleston advanced his basic English education through a fast-track course at Regina College, which qualified his entrance to Queen's University in 1926. Graduating in 1928, he found journalistic work at the "Lethbridge Herald" before occupying his role as Ottawa correspondent for the "Toronto Star" by the following year, becoming parliamentary correspondent before his resignation in 1936.

neg: Canada Christian College Canada Christian College and School of Graduate Theological Studies is an evangelical Christian bible college located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Its president since 1993 has been Charles McVety, son of founder Elmer S. McVety. It has had "over 6000" graduates since its founding.

neg: David Suzuki Secondary School David Suzuki Secondary School is an institution located in Brampton, Ontario, Canada. The school is named after Canadian environmental activist David Suzuki In association with the Credit Valley Conservation Authority, the school offers the Ontario curriculum in a program that is rich in environmental studies and models sustainable practices. The school is also distinguished by the high level of computer technology available in school and utilized in classes.

neg: Kenneth G. T. Webster Kenneth Grant Tremayne Webster (1871–1942) was a Canadian-born American literary scholar. He was born in Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, and was educated at Dalhousie University, graduating in 1892. He then took another undergraduate degree at Harvard University, followed by a master's and doctorate there, after which he was immediately offered a faculty position at the institution. Influenced by Archibald MacMechan he became a medievalist and Arthurian scholar, with an interest in castles.

neg: Clive Carruthers Clive Harcourt Carruthers (  1891 –1980) was a Canadian classicist.

neg: Great Books programs in Canada Great Books programs in Canada are university/college programs inspired by the Great Books movement begun in the United States in the 1920s. The aim of such programs is to return to the Western Liberal Arts tradition in education. Those who mount such programs consider them to be corrective of what they perceive to be an extreme disciplinary specialisation common within the academy.

neg: Constructivism (psychological school) In psychology, constructivism refers to many schools of thought that, though extraordinarily different in their techniques (applied in fields such as education and psychotherapy), are all connected by a common critique of previous standard approaches, and by shared assumptions about the active constructive nature of human knowledge. In particular, the critique is aimed at the "associationist" postulate of empiricism, "by which the mind is conceived as a passive system that gathers its contents from its environment and, through the act of knowing, produces a copy of the order of reality".

neg: Dale C. Thomson Dale Cairns Thomson {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (17 June 1923 – 27 April 1999) was a professor and departmental director at the Université de Montréal, professor and Vice-Principal of McGill University and a professor of international relations and Director of the Center of Canadian Studies at Johns Hopkins University's School of Advanced International Studies in Washington, D.C. and the author of several important historical works.

neg: Sheffield school The Sheffield school is an approach in biblical studies that engages in literary readings of the final form of the biblical text. It is named after the University of Sheffield, where David J. A. Clines and David M. Gunn pioneered the approach. The phrase was coined by Tremper Longman in 1987.

neg: George Grube George Maximilian Antony Grube (3 August 1899 – 13 December 1982) was a Canadian scholar, university professor and democratic socialist political activist. Grube was a classicist and translator of Plato, Aristotle, Demetrius of Phaleron, Longinus and Marcus Aurelius. He was one of the founders of the New Democratic Party of Canada and ran unsuccessfully for election as an NDP candidate in Canadian federal elections.

neg: Leslie Green (philosopher) Leslie John Green is a Canadian scholar in the analytic philosophy of law, or jurisprudence as it is often called by academic lawyers. He is Professor of the Philosophy of Law and Fellow of Balliol College, Oxford University, and Professor of Law and Distinguished Faculty Fellow at Queen's University, Kingston.

neg: Brian Fawcett Brian Fawcett (born May 13, 1944) is a Canadian writer and cultural analyst who lives in Toronto, Ontario.

neg: John A. Leslie John Andrew Leslie (born August 2, 1940) is a Canadian philosopher. He was educated at Wadham College, Oxford, earning his B.A. in English Literature in 1962 and his M.Litt. in Classics in 1968. He is currently Professor emeritus at the University of Guelph, in Ontario, Canada.

neg: Ted Barris Ted Barris (born July 12, 1949 in Toronto, Ontario) is a Canadian writer, journalist, professor and broadcaster. He writes a weekly column, "The Barris Beat", and is a regular contributor to "The Globe & Mail" and "The National Post". His non-fiction works focus on Canada's military heritage. Barris has authored 17 books.

neg: Tim Hurson Tim Hurson (born 1946) is a speaker, writer and creativity theorist living in Toronto, Canada. He was born in Johannesburg, South Africa, and grew up in New York City, USA. He is now a Canadian citizen. He was educated at The Peddie School in Hightstown, New Jersey, and went to college at Oberlin College in Ohio.

neg: Victoria University, Toronto Victoria University is a college of the University of Toronto, founded in 1836 and named for Queen Victoria. It is commonly called Victoria College, informally "Vic", after the original academic component that now forms its undergraduate division. Since 1928, Victoria College has retained secular studies in the liberal arts and sciences while Emmanuel College has functioned as its postgraduate theological college.

neg: The Week (Canadian magazine) The Week was a seminal literary magazine in Canada published between 1883 and 1896. It was subtitled as "Canadian Journal of Politics, Society and Literature". It was "Canada's leading political and literary periodical". The magazine was headquartered in Toronto. Prominent contributors included poet Charles G. D. Roberts; journalist and novelist Sara Jeannette Duncan; and political critic and intellectual Goldwin Smith. Smith also edited the magazine.

neg: Henry Silton Harris Henry Silton Harris (April 26, 1926 - March 13, 2007) was a British-Canadian philosopher, having been a Distinguished Research Professor at York University starting in 1984. He was Glendon College's Academic Dean from 1967 to 1969, a Fellow in Royal Society of Canada and was also given an Honorary Doctor of Letters from York in 2001.

neg: Anthony King (political scientist) Anthony Stephen King (17 November 1934 – 12 January 2017) was a Canadian-British professor of government, psephologist and commentator. He taught at the Department of Government at the University of Essex for many years.


query: MTV Unplugged is the first live album recorded by Mexican singer-songwriter Julieta Venegas, guest artists included Gustavo Alfredo Santaolalla, an Argentine musician, film composer and producer, and won Academy Awards for Best Original Score in how many consecutive years?

pos: MTV Unplugged (Julieta Venegas album) MTV Unplugged is the first live album recorded by Mexican singer-songwriter Julieta Venegas. The album features a selection of her greatest hits, along with new tracks, including the singles "El Presente" and "Algún Día". A handful of guest artists was included: Gustavo Santaolalla, Natalia Lafourcade, Cuarteto Latinoamericano, La Mala Rodríguez. The album sold more than 2.5 million copies.

pos: Gustavo Santaolalla Gustavo Alfredo Santaolalla (born 19 August 1951) is an Argentine musician, film composer and producer. He has won Academy Awards for Best Original Score in two consecutive years, for "Brokeback Mountain" in 2005, and "Babel" in 2006. More recently, he composed the original score for the video game "The Last of Us", and the theme music for the Netflix series "Making a Murderer".

neg: Les Fresholtz Les Fresholtz (born December 21, 1931) is an American sound engineer. He won two Academy Awards for Best Sound and was nominated for ten more in the same category. He worked on more than 110 films between 1968 and 1996.

neg: Sérgio Mendes Sérgio Santos Mendes (] ; born February 11, 1941) is a Brazilian musician. He has over 55 releases, and plays bossa nova heavily crossed with jazz and funk. He was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song in 2012 as co-writer of the song "Real in Rio" from the animated film "Rio".

neg: Latin Grammy Award for Best Classical Album The Latin Grammy Award for Best Classical Album is an honor presented annually at the Latin Grammy Awards, a ceremony that recognizes excellence and promotes awareness of cultural diversity and the contributions of Latin musicians in the United States and worldwide. The award is given every year since the 1st Latin Grammy Awards ceremony, which took place at the Staples Center in Los Angeles.

neg: MTV Unplugged (Café Tacuba album) Unplugged Café Tacuba is a complete live album (ninth overall) that was recorded in 1995 and released in 2005 as a CD/ DVD combo by Mexican alternative rock group Café Tacvba. Café Tacuba was the first Latin rock band to ever appear on "MTV Unplugged". The live performance was recorded in 1995 and released on CD and DVD in 5.1 surround sound on June 7, 2005. The MTV Unplugged album includes the selections "El Metro," "La Ingrata," "Esa Noche," "Una Manana," "Bar Tacuba," and others.

neg: Quanta Live Quanta gente veio ver: Ao Vivo (English: "How many people came to see: Live"), known internationally as Quanta Live, is a Grammy-winning 1998 album by Brazilian musician Gilberto Gil recorded live with a seven-piece band at the Teatro João Caetano in Rio de Janeiro during his 1997 world tour. At the 41st Annual Grammy Awards, it won the award for Best World Album. The album's tracks span a number of musical styles, including tropicalia, a genre with which Gil is closely associated, as well as samba, funk, bossa nova, reggae, jazz, salsa, and pop.

neg: In Spite of Wishing and Wanting In Spite of Wishing and Wanting is a 1999 soundtrack by David Byrne for the performance of the same name by the Ultima Vez dance company. It features original compositions as well as remixes from Byrne's previous album "Feelings". Byrne sold the album through his web site and live performances for a limited time.

neg: Javier Limón Javier Limón (born 1973) is a record producer, singer and songwriter born and raised in Madrid, Spain. Limón has worked with several artists, mainly from Spain, since he incorporates elements of flamenco rhythm to his work. Besides his work as producer has also dabbled as an interpreter and has released three studio albums, "Limón", "Son de Limón" and "Mujeres de Agua". Since 2003, Limón has done recordings in Israel, Bogotá, Bristol, Paris, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, New York City and Morocco. In 2004, Limón was awarded the Latin Grammy Award for Producer of the Year for his work on "Lágrimas Negras" by Diego El Cigala and Bebo Valdés, "Cositas Buenas" by Paco de Lucía, "El Cantante" by Andrés Calamaro, "El Pequeño Reloj" by Enrique Morente, " Niño Josele" by Niño Josele and "Tributo Flamenco A Don Juan Valderrama" by Various Artists. Javier Limón serves as the Artistic Director of the Berklee College of Music's Mediterranean Music Institute, which operates in Valencia, Spain as well as Boston, Massachusetts.

neg: Fíjate Bien Fíjate Bien (Spanish for Pay Attention) is the debut album by Colombian singer-songwriter Juanes, released on October 17, 2000. The album was produced by Gustavo Santaolalla, who is known for his contributions to Latin rock tracks. All the songs on the album were written by Juanes himself. The strings were arranged, orchestrated and conducted by David Campbell, who has also worked on several other albums by Juanes. The album received six Latin Grammy Award nominations on 2001 including Album of the Year, Record of the Year and Song of the Year, Best Short Form Music Video for "Fijate Bien"; Best Rock Solo Vocal Album and Best New Artist winning the later two.

neg: Frank A. Montaño Frank A. Montaño is an American re-recording mixer. He has been nominated for eight Academy Awards for Best Sound. He has worked on nearly 145 films since 1987.

neg: Matteo Zingales Matteo Zingales (] ; born 28 October 1980) is an Australian film music composer who has won the AACTA Award for Best Original Score for a Feature Film for two years running . In 2013, he shared the award with Jono Ma (of rock band Jagwar Ma) for Best Score for "Not Suitable for Children" (2012), and in 2012, Zingales, Michael Lira and Andrew Lancaster shared the award for Best Score for "The Hunter" (2011).

neg: Premios Oye! 2008 The 7th Annual Premios Oye! took place at the Foro Monumental in Zacatecas, Zacatecas on November 26, 2008. The nominees were announced on September 29 with Vicente Fernández receiving 5 nominations, followed by Julieta Venegas and Juanes with 4 each one, with 3 each one, Amandititita and Ximena Sariñana. Miguel Bosé will be awarded by the Academia Nacional de la Música en México for his 31 years or career. The voting process is certified by PricewaterhouseCoopers.

neg: Deuda Deuda (English language: Debt) is a 2004 Argentine documentary film directed and written by Jorge Lanata with Andrés G. Schaer. The film premiered on 7 October 2004 in Buenos Aires . The film was nominated for a number of Silver Condor awards for Best Documentary (Mejor Largometraje Documental) and Best Screenplay, Feature-Length Documentary (Mejor Guión Largometraje Documental) recognising directors Jorge Lanata and Andrés G. Schaer. At the 2005 World Soundtrack Awards the score musicians Andrés Goldstein and Daniel Tarrab were also nominated for an achievement award.

neg: Adrián Iaies Adrián Iaies (born November 4, 1960) is an Argentine pianist and composer who has been nominated for the Latin Grammy awards three times. His main style is jazz but he combines that with soul, tango, and other styles.

neg: Thomas Varga Thomas Varga is an American production sound mixer. He has been nominated an Academy Award in the category Best Sound. He also won a Cinema Audio Society award for best sound mixing for Birdman. He has worked on nearly 100 films since 1991.

neg: Robert Lopez Robert Lopez (born February 23, 1975) is an American songwriter of musicals, best known for co-creating "The Book of Mormon" and "Avenue Q", and for composing the songs featured in the Disney animated film "Frozen". He is the youngest of only twelve people who have won an Emmy, a Grammy, an Oscar and a Tony Award, and the quickest (10 years) to win all four.

neg: MTV Video Music Award for Best Cinematography The MTV Video Music Award for Best Cinematography in a Video is a craft award given to both the artist as well as the cinematographer/director of photography of the music video.

neg: En Pleno Vuelo En Pleno Vuelo (Eng.: "In Full Flight") is the debut studio album released by Marco Antonio Solís as a solo artist. The album was released on July 24, 1996. After 20 years of great success with the band "Los Bukis", Solís begins a solo career with this album release. The album was certified gold by the RIAA in the United States. At the 9th Lo Nuestro Awards the album received a nomination for Pop Album of the Year.

neg: Antonio Escobar Núñez Antonio Escobar Núñez (born 1976) is a Spanish musical artist who has won awards during his career as a music producer, sound designer and composer for advertising, film, TV and recording artists. Escobar's music features rock, electronica, pop, dance, Latin and orchestral influences.

neg: Oscar De La Rosa Oscar De La Rosa (born Oscar De La Rosa Gonzales March 29,1960) is the Latin pop lead singer of the four-time Grammy Award-winning musical group La Mafia. He is also the brother of Leonardo Gonzales who is the former guitarist of La Mafia and founder of Leonardo Gonzales y Los Magnificos.

neg: Latin Grammy Award for Best Tropical Song The Latin Grammy Award for Best Tropical Song is an honor presented annually at the Latin Grammy Awards, a ceremony that recognizes excellence and creates a wider awareness of cultural diversity and contributions of Latin recording artists in the United States and internationally. The award is reserved to the songwriters of a new song containing at least 51% of the lyrics in Spanish. Instrumental recordings or cover songs are not eligible. Songs in Portuguese may be entered in the Brazilian field.


query: Which classification scheme that assigns an animal and its reputed attributes to each year does the snake appear in?

pos: Snake (zodiac) The Snake (蛇) is one of the 12-year cycle of animals which appear in the Chinese zodiac and related to the Chinese calendar, as well as in related East Asian zodiacal or calendrical systems. The Year of the Snake is associated with the Earthly Branch symbol .

pos: Chinese zodiac The Chinese zodiac is a classification scheme that assigns an animal and its reputed attributes to each year in a repeating 12-year cycle. The 12-year cycle is an approximation to the 11.86-year orbital period of Jupiter, the largest planet of the solar system. It and its variations remain popular in several East Asian countries including China, Korea, Japan, and Mongolia, as well as in other Asian countries like Vietnam, Burma, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Laos and Thailand, along with the Buddhist calendar. According to the Chinese zodiac, 2017 is the year of the Rooster.

neg: Cape cobra The Cape cobra ("Naja nivea"), also called the yellow cobra, is a moderate-sized, highly venomous species of cobra inhabiting a wide variety of biomes across southern Africa including arid savanna, fynbos, bushveld, desert and semi-desert regions. The species is diurnal and is a feeding generalist, preying on a number of different species and carrion. Predators of this species include birds of prey, honey badgers and various species of mongoose. The Cape cobra is also known as the "geelslang" (yellow snake) and "bruinkapel" (brown cobra) in South Africa. Afrikaans speaking South Africans also refer to the Cape cobra as "koperkapel" ("copper cobra"), mainly because of a rich yellow colour variation. This species has no known subspecies.

neg: Snake River The Snake River is a major river of the greater Pacific Northwest in the United States. At 1078 mi long, it is the largest tributary of the Columbia River, the largest North American river that empties into the Pacific Ocean. Rising in western Wyoming, the river flows through the Snake River Plain of southern Idaho, then through the rugged Hells Canyon area via northeastern Oregon and the rolling Palouse Hills, to reach its mouth near the Washington Tri-Cities area, where it enters the Columbia. Its drainage basin encompasses parts of six U.S. states, and its average discharge is over 54000 cuft/s .

neg: Forest cobra The forest cobra ("Naja melanoleuca"), also commonly called the black cobra and the black and white-lipped cobra, is a species of venomous snake in the family Elapidae. The species is native to Africa, mostly the central and western parts of the continent. It is the largest true cobra species with a total length (including tail) of up to 3.1 meters (10 feet). Although it prefers lowland forest and moist savanna habitats, this cobra is highly adaptable and can be found in drier climates within its geographical range. It is a very capable swimmer and is often considered to be semi-aquatic. The forest cobra is a generalist in its feeding habits, having a highly varied diet: anything from large insects to small mammals and other reptiles. This species is alert, nervous and is considered to be a very dangerous snake. When cornered or molested, it will assume the typical cobra warning posture by raising its fore body off the ground, spreading a narrow hood, and hissing loudly. Bites to humans are less common than from other African cobras due to various factors, though a bite from this species is a life-threatening emergency.

neg: Python (genus) Python, from the Greek word (πύθων/πύθωνας), is a genus of nonvenomous pythons found in Africa and Asia. Until recently, seven extant species were recognised; however, three subspecies have been promoted and a new species recognised. A member of this genus, "P. reticulatus", is among the longest snake species and extant reptiles in the world.

neg: Trans-Pecos rat snake Bogertophis subocularis, commonly known as the Trans-Pecos rat snake or the Davis Mountain rat snake, is a species of medium to large, nonvenomous rat snake in the family Colubridae. "Bogertophis subocularis" is endemic to the Chihuahuan Desert.

neg: Barred grass snake The barred grass snake ("Natrix helvetica") is a non-venomous colubrid snake from Western Europe, living in and close to water. It was included within the grass snake species, "Natrix natrix", until August 2017, when genetic analysis suggested that it was better treated as a separate species. The recently identified species has distinct banding along its flanks for the entire length of its body and it lacks the bright yellow collar of the similar "Natrix natrix". The body colour is grey rather than the olive green of "Natrix natrix". The species is found in Great Britain as far north as southern Scotland, Switzerland, Italy, France and western Germany. The snake, which eats amphibians like newts and frogs, can grow to a length of one metre.

neg: She-oak skink The she-oak skink ("Cyclodomorphus casuarinae") is a large, long-tailed, snake-like skink endemic to Tasmania, Australia. It is viviparous; mating in spring, and giving birth in latest summer.

neg: Bolla The Bolla (also known as Bullar in South Albania), is a type of demonic-serpent like Dragon from Albanian folklore with a long, coiled, serpentine body, four legs, small wings, and silver, faceted eyes. This dragon sleeps throughout the whole year, only to wake on Saint George's Day, where it peers into the world until it sees a human. It devours the person, then closes its eyes and sleeps again. This is explained in the legend of Saint George. When he fought and vanquished the dragon, Saint George cursed the beast so that it be forever blind and only open its eyes on his day only. The Bolla can change into a Kulshedra should it live many years without being seen by a human. It is etymologically related to Greek Φάλη, Φάλαινα 'monster, whale,' (although the relationship is not certain) and comes from the Latin chersydrusus which means something like ‘the snake that lives in the water and on the earth’.

neg: California red-sided garter snake The California red-sided garter snake ("Thamnophis sirtalis" infernalis) is a subspecies of the common garter snake. This slender species of natricine snake is indigenous to North America and is one of three recognized subspecies of "Thamnophis sirtalis" found in California. While commonly confused with "Thamnophis sirtalis" the subspecies "Thamnophis sirtalis" "infernalis" is biologically part of the population of T.s. Tetrataenia, as pointed out by Boundy and Rossman (1995), but was preserved as T.s. infernalis as a neotype under ICZN code Article 75 in a 2000 decision by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) in 2000 in order to preserve the existing subspecies taxonomy.

neg: Cyprus grass snake The Cyprus grass snake ("Natrix natrix cypriaca") is an endangered subspecies of the grass snake ("Natrix natrix") and is endemic to the island of Cyprus. Hans-Jorg Wiedl, also known as Snake George, is working hard to save this rare snake and has created an online petition to appeal for help.

neg: Katuali The katuali or flat-tail sea snake ("Laticauda schistorhynchus") is a sea snake, related to the sea krait, found only in the waters of the Pacific Island nation of Niue. It grows up to 1 metre in length, and is highly venomous, making it one of the most dangerous creatures on the planet. It has a fin-like tail, helping it to swim better. Katualis live most of their adult lives in the sea. During mating, the male snake wraps itself around the female until she is fertilized. Because their eggs would not survive in the water, the females swim into sea caves to lay their eggs in dry crevices. These eggs take six months to hatch, and then the infant snakes make their way to the ocean.

neg: The Fowler and the Snake The Fowler and the Snake is a story of Greek origin that demonstrates the fate of predators. It was counted as one of Aesop's Fables and is numbered 115 in the Perry Index.

neg: Striped swamp snake The striped swamp snake, also known as the African swamp snake, is a species of colubrid snake. It is one of two members of the genus Dromophis. It is found in several African countries, including Burkina Faso, Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Ivory Coast, Togo, Ghana, Benin, Niger, Nigeria, and Cameroon.

neg: Black Mamba Anti-Poaching Unit The Black Mamba APU was created by Craig Spencer, the head warden of Balule Nature Reserve and Amy Clark from Transfrontier Africa. The group started out with six members. There are currently twenty-six members of the Black Mamba APU, which is named after the deadly snake, the black mamba ("Dendroaspis polylepis"). Twenty-four members of the Black Mambas are women and each member spends 21 days a month patrolling the reserves. They start each day, military style, with a parade and then issued orders before patrols leave on their missions. Each Black Mamba is outfitted in ranger uniforms, trained in tracking and combat, but work unarmed: they protect the animals by creating a "visible police presence, like a British bobby."

neg: Australian Natural History Medallion The Australian Natural History Medallion is awarded each year by the Field Naturalists Club of Victoria (FNCV) to the person judged to have made the most meritorious contribution to the understanding of Australian Natural History. The idea originated with J. K. Moir, a book collector and member of the Bread and Cheese Club. Moir wrote to the FNCV in 1939 suggesting that such a medallion should be awarded to a person who had performed, in his words, ‘a signal service’ to the protection of flora and fauna—‘a variation of the Nobel awards’. Nominations for the Medallion are made by field naturalist clubs and kindred bodies from all over Australia, each nomination being valid for a three-year period. The Medallion has usually been awarded annually since 1940. In that time, recipients have been honoured for their work in many fields of natural history studies, and have come from every state and territory in Australia.

neg: Lycodon aulicus Lycodon aulicus, commonly known as the Indian wolf snake, is a species of nonvenomous snake found in South Asia and Southeast Asia. Early naturalists have suggested its resemblance to the venomous common krait as an instance of Batesian mimicry.

neg: Oxybelis aeneus Oxybelis aeneus, commonly known as the Mexican vine snake or brown vine snake, is a species of colubrid snake, which is endemic to the Americas.

neg: Serpent (symbolism) The serpent, or snake, is one of the oldest and most widespread mythological symbols. The word is derived from Latin "serpens", a crawling animal or snake. Snakes have been associated with some of the oldest rituals known to humankind and represent dual expression of good and evil.

neg: Ištaran Ištaran (also Gusilim) was the local deity of the city of Der, a Sumerian city state positioned east of the Tigris on the border between Sumer and Elam. His cult flourished from the Early Dynastic III Period until the Middle Babylonian Period, after which his name is no longer attested in the personal names of individuals. The beast and symbol of Ištaran, as frequently represented on kudurrus, is a snake (presumably representing Nirah, the snake god who acted as Ištaran's minister). The consort of Ištaran was known simply as Šarrat-Deri: "the queen of Der".

neg: Eastern green mamba The eastern green mamba ("Dendroaspis angusticeps"), also known as the common mamba, East African green mamba, green mamba, or white-mouthed mamba, is a large, tree-dwelling, highly venomous snake species of the mamba genus "Dendroaspis". This species of mamba was first described by a Scottish surgeon and zoologist in 1849. This snake mostly inhabits the coastal regions of southern East Africa. Adult females average approximately 2.0 m in length, and males are slightly smaller. Eastern green mambas prey on birds, eggs, bats, and rodents such as mice, rats, and gerbils. They are shy and elusive snakes which are rarely seen, making them somewhat unusual among mambas, and elapids in general. This elusiveness is usually attributed to the species' green colouration which blends with its environment, and its arboreal lifestyle. However, eastern green mambas have also been observed to use "sit-and-wait" or ambush predation like many vipers, unlike the active foraging style typical of other elapids, which may be a factor in the rarity of sightings.


query: William Phillips worked on the second-unit of the Canadian sci-fi horror film that was released in what year?

pos: William Phillips (director) William Phillips is a Canadian film director and screenwriter. After graduating from the University of Toronto with a bachelor of science, Phillips studied film at Ryerson University. Phillips then ran a film production company entitled Grandview Products and worked on the second-unit of the film "Cube". After directing two short films, "Milkman" and "Deep Cut", Phillips wrote and directed his first feature film in 2001, "Treed Murray". The film earned five Genie Awards nominations including Best Motion Picture. Williams has since directed two more major Canadian films, "Foolproof" and "Gunless".

pos: Cube (film) Cube is a 1997 Canadian science-fiction horror film directed and co-written by Vincenzo Natali. The film was a product of the Canadian Film Centre's First Feature Project. The film follows a group of people led by Quentin as they cross industrialized cube-shaped rooms, with some rigged with various traps designed to kill.

neg: Shake, Rattle & Roll II Shake, Rattle & Roll II is a 1990 Philippine horror anthology film co-written and directed by Peque Gallaga and Lore Reyes. It is the second installment in the "Shake, Rattle & Roll" film series and the sequel to "Shake, Rattle & Roll". Produced under the banner of Regal Films, it is an official entry to the 1990 Metro Manila Film Festival.

neg: The Woman in Black: Angel of Death The Woman in Black: Angel of Death (released as The Woman in Black 2: Angel of Death in some countries) is a 2015 American-British-Canadian supernatural horror film directed by Tom Harper and written by Jon Croker from a story by Susan Hill. It is the sequel to the 2012 film "The Woman in Black", and is produced by Hammer Film Productions and Entertainment One.

neg: Neverwas Neverwas is a 2005 Canadian-American fantasy drama film, written and directed by Joshua Michael Stern in his directorial debut. It stars Ian McKellen, Aaron Eckhart, Brittany Murphy, Nick Nolte, William Hurt, and Jessica Lange. It was first shown at the 2005 Toronto International Film Festival. However, the film was never given a full theatrical release, eventually being released straight to DVD in 2007.

neg: Murder 101 (film) Murder 101 (also stylized as "Murder101" and known under the working title of "C.L.A.S.S.") is an American horror film that was directed by Michael Phillip Edwards. The film was released to DVD on June 10, 2014 and had a limited theatrical release on June 13, 2014. It stars Tom Sizemore, Donnabella Mortel, Dante Basco, and Dominica Westling, and follows a female law student that gets caught up in a twisted game of cat and mouse. Filming took place in Los Angeles, California during 2010.

neg: Salut Victor Salut Victor is a Canadian film, released in 1989. Based on Edward O. Phillips' short story "Matthew and Chauncy", the film was directed by Anne Claire Poirier and written by Poirier and Marthe Blackburn.

neg: Kill Keith Kill Keith is a 2011 British comedy horror film starring Susannah Fielding, Simon Phillips, and Keith Chegwin.

neg: Hollow Man 2 Hollow Man 2 is a 2006 American science fiction horror film directed by Claudio Fäh and starring Peter Facinelli, Laura Regan and Christian Slater. It is the stand-alone sequel to the film "Hollow Man". It was released direct-to-video on May 23, 2006.

neg: Lowlife (film) Lowlife is a 2012 Canadian psychological horror film directed by Seth Smith. It was first shown at the 2012 Fantasia International Film Festival, then the Atlantic Film Festival where it won the audience award for best feature. In November 2012, the filmmakers organized a DIY Canada-wide theatrical release in 25 cities reaching every province and territory, screening in independent theaters and alternative venues.

neg: X the Unknown X the Unknown is a British science fiction horror film made by the Hammer Film Productions company and released in 1956. It stars Dean Jagger and Edward Chapman and was written by Jimmy Sangster. The film was directed by Leslie Norman. The film is significant in that "it firmly established Hammer's transition from B-movie thrillers to out-and-out horror/science fiction" and, with "The Quatermass Xperiment" (1955) and "Quatermass 2" (1957), completes "an important trilogy containing relevant allegorical threads revealing Cold War anxieties and a diminishing national identity resulting from Britain's decrease in status as a world power".

neg: Waiting for Summer Waiting for Summer is a 2012 Canadian drama film directed by Senthil Vinu and produced by Krzysztof Pietroszek, starring Caleb Verzyden and Virginia Leigh. The film was released on March 30, 2012 at the Canadian Film Fest in Toronto, Canada and won the 2012 Film North Best Feature Award at the Film North – Huntsville International Film Festival.

neg: Phantasm II Phantasm II is a 1988 American action-horror film and sequel to "Phantasm" (1979). It was written and directed by Don Coscarelli, starring Angus Scrimm, James LeGros and Reggie Bannister. In it, the first film's protagonist Mike, recently released from a mental institution, recruits Reggie and some new friends in an effort to defeat the villain Tall Man.

neg: The First Power The First Power is a 1990 American neo-noir horror film written and directed by Robert Resnikoff and starring Lou Diamond Phillips, Tracy Griffith, Jeff Kober and Mykelti Williamson.

neg: Phobia (1980 film) Phobia is a 1980 Canadian horror-thriller film directed by John Huston and starring Paul Michael Glaser.

neg: The Paperboy (1994 film) The Paperboy is a 1994 Canadian horror film starring Alexandra Paul and William Katt.

neg: Werewolf Rising Werewolf Rising is a 2014 horror film that was written and directed by BC Furtney. The film was released to DVD in the United Kingdom on 22 September 2014 and was later released in the United States on 14 October. The movie stars Bill Oberst Jr. and Melissa Carnell, who portrays a young woman that finds herself the unwitting prey of a werewolf.

neg: Singularity Principle Singularity Principle, is a 2013 American-Canadian-Bahamian-Australian science fiction film starring William B. Davis, Michael Patrick Denis and John Diehl. The film was produced by Double A Pictures and Salient Clear. Epcott purchased rights to distribute the file in Japan The film was originally released in Japan cinemas in March, 2013 and in the United States in October 2013. The film was shot at the Canadian Light Source synchrotron in Saskatoon with subsequent segments filmed in the Bahamas and Australia.

neg: Deranged (1974 film) Deranged is a Canadian-American horror film made in 1974 and directed by Alan Ormsby and Jeff Gillen. It is also known by the title Deranged: The Confessions of a Necrophile in the USA. It is a low-budget movie that is based on the life of Ed Gein. The title is, however, misleading since Ed Gein never experimented with necrophilia; although a necrophile is also defined as "an obsessive fascination with death and corpses."

neg: Feast 2: Sloppy Seconds Feast 2: Sloppy Seconds is a 2008 American horror comedy film and a sequel to the 2005 film "Feast". The film was directed by John Gulager and written by Marcus Dunstan and Patrick Melton.

neg: Bloody New Year Bloody New Year (also titled Timewarp Terror in some releases) is a British horror film released in 1987. Directed by Norman J. Warren, it concerns a group of British Teenagers trapped on a haunted hotel on a remote island.

neg: Frankenstein vs. the Creature from Blood Cove Frankenstein vs. the Creature from Blood Cove is a 2005 horror film written and directed by William Winckler. It is the second film from William Winckler Productions. Filmed in black and white, the movie is an homage to classic monster movies, harkening back to the days of Universal's "Monster Rally" heyday. The movie was released direct to DVD in 2005 and has since gone on to acquire a growing fan base. Part of the success of the film to date has been the support it has received from horror hosts and fans of late night cinema, with a national syndicated showing on Mr. Lobo's "Cinema Insomnia" Halloween special as well as local airings on shows from the Horror Host Underground.


query: Who was the winner of the Miss Universe pageant in which La Toya Woods competed?

pos: La Toya Woods La Toya Woods (born 1985) is the winner of the Miss Trinidad & Tobago Universe 2010 pageant and was a contestant in the Miss Universe 2010 pageant in Las Vegas, USA. She competed in the local pageant as Miss Point Lisas.

pos: Miss Universe 2010 Miss Universe 2010, the 59th Miss Universe pageant, was held on 23 August 2010 at Mandalay Bay Events Center in Las Vegas, Nevada, USA. Ximena Navarrete of Mexico was crowned by Stefanía Fernández of Venezuela as her successor at the end of the event. 83 contestants competed in this year.

neg: Holly Cassidy Holly Michelle Cassidy (born in 1990) is a New Zealand model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss New Zealand 2013 and represented her country at the Miss Universe 2013 pageant.

neg: Micaela Reis Micaela Patrícia Reis (born December 21, 1988) is an Angolan actress, TV Host, model and beauty queen who was a Top 10 finalist at Miss Universe 2007 and placed first runner-up to Miss World 2007, becoming Miss World Africa. She was the highest placed Miss Angola at both Miss Universe and Miss World before the win of Leila Lopes in Miss Universe 2011.

neg: Miss Earth 2008 Miss Earth 2008, the eighth edition of Miss Earth pageant, was held on 9 November 2008 at the Clark Expo Amphitheater in Angeles, Pampanga, Philippines. Eighty-five delegates arrived from 19 October 2008 in Philippines. The pageant was broadcast live via ABS-CBN and coverage since on Studio 23 in the Philippines and to many countries worldwide via Star World, The Filipino Channel and other partner networks.<ref name="globalnation.inquirer-news/breakingnews/view/20081110–171362/RP-bet-crowned-Ms-Earth-2008"> </ref>

neg: Miss Universe Malaysia 2010 The "Miss Universe Malaysia 2010" also referred to as The Next Miss Universe Malaysia 2010 is the 46th edition of the Miss Universe Malaysia pageant which was held at the Royale Chulan Hotel, Kuala Lumpur on May 16, 2010 where the reigning winner Joannabelle Ng of Sabah crowned her successor Nadine Thomas from Selangor at the end of the event.

neg: Miss Universe 2001 Miss Universe 2001, the 50th Miss Universe pageant, was held on 11 May 2001 at the Coliseo Rubén Rodríguez in Bayamón, Puerto Rico. Denise Quiñones of Puerto Rico was crowned by Lara Dutta of India as her successor at the end of the event. 77 contestants competed in this year.

neg: Whitney Shikongo Whitney Shikongo (born January 27, 1995) is an Angolan model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Angola 2014 and represented her country at the Miss Universe 2015 pageant.

neg: Miss Latina Universe Miss Latina Universe (Spanish: "Miss Latina Universo") was a beauty pageant and reality show for Latina women in which one will represent the ethnicity at Miss Universe pageant. The first episode of Miss Latina Universe was scheduled to be broadcast on June 15 on Telemundo and to go on for several weeks, the winner competing in Miss Universe 2014. Rashel Díaz and Raúl González were set to host. The show was postponed indefinitely on June 9, 2014.

neg: Miss Universe 1960 Miss Universe 1960, the 9th Miss Universe pageant, was held on 9 July 1960 at the Miami Beach Auditorium in Miami Beach, Florida, USA. Linda Bement of USA became the third American to win the crown and was handed over the title by Akiko Kojima of Japan.

neg: Miss Jamaica Universe Miss Jamaica Universe is a beauty pageant that selects the contestant to represent Jamaica at the Miss Universe beauty pageant.

neg: Miss USA 1957 Miss USA 1957, the sixth Miss USA pageant, took place in Long Beach, California on July 17, 1957 during the run-up to the year's Miss Universe pageant.

neg: Thelma Rodríguez Thelma Guisselle Rodríguez Flores (born January 15, 1989 in Chinandega) is a Nicaraguan beauty queen. Rodríguez was crowned Miss Nicaragua 2008, which was held in the Rubén Darío National Theater in Managua and was crowned by the former Miss Nicaragua and Miss Universe finalist, Xiomara Blandino. She represented Nicaragua at the Miss Universe 2008 pageant in Vietnam on July 13, 2008. She failed to place in the final competition. On November 2008, she made a second attempt for the crown at the Miss Earth 2008 pageant, in the Philippines and was amongst the favorite delegates, but failed to place.

neg: Chantal Zaky Chantal Zaky (born 1988) is a Jamaican-American model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Jamaica Universe 2012 and represented Jamaica at the Miss Universe 2012 pageant.

neg: Miss USA 2008 Miss USA 2008, the 57th Miss USA beauty pageant, was held in Las Vegas, Nevada on April 11, 2008. At the conclusion of the final night of competition, Crystle Stewart, Miss Texas USA, was crowned the winner by outgoing titleholder, Rachel Smith of Tennessee. Crystle represented the United States at the Miss Universe 2008 pageant, which was held in Vietnam, where she placed in the Top 10. This is the first time in Miss USA history that two consecutive women of African-American descent have been crowned.

neg: Miss Colombia 2014 The National Beauty Contest in Colombia on its 80th edition took place on November 17, 2014 in the city of Cartagena de Indias. In the evening of election and coronation, Paulina Vega Dieppa from Atlántico delivered the crown to Ariadna Gutiérrez from Sucre as well as the rest of the royal jewels. Ariadna Gutiérrez represented Colombia at Miss Universe 2015, and placed 1st Runner-Up.

neg: Silvana Sánchez Silvana Sánchez Jiménez; (born 1989) is a Costa Rican designer and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss World Costa Rica 2012 and represented her country in the Miss World 2012 pageant.

neg: Miss Universe Myanmar Miss Universe Myanmar is a national beauty pageant in Myanmar.

neg: Miss USA 1962 Miss USA 1962, the 11th Miss USA pageant, took place in Long Beach, California, on July 12, 1962. The pageant was won by Macel Leilani Wilson of Hawaii, who was crowned by outgoing titleholder Sharon Brown of Louisiana. Wilson's win gave Hawaii the Miss USA crown at its first attempt, and two days later she was a Top 15 semi-finalist at Miss Universe 1962. Eleven states did not send a delegate to the 1962 pageant, resulting in the lowest number of contestants since the inaugural pageant of 1952.

neg: Miss Puerto Rico Universe 2001 The 46th Annual Miss Puerto Rico Universe competition was held in the fall of 2000 in Puerto Rico. Denise Quiñones won the pageant and represented Puerto Rico at Miss Universe 2001 in Bayamón, Puerto Rico.

neg: Miss Universe 1977 Miss Universe 1977, the 26th Miss Universe pageant, was held on 16 July 1977 at the National Theater in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. Janelle Commissiong of Trinidad & Tobago was crowned by Rina Messinger of Israel at the end of the event.

neg: Miss Universe Thailand The Miss Universe Thailand (Thai: มิสยูนิเวิร์สไทยแลนด์) is a beauty pageant that has been held every year since 2000. The pageant was originally called Miss Thailand Universe. In 2012 name of the pageant was changed to Miss Universe Thailand, with winners competing in the Miss Universe pageant. Accordingly, "Miss Universe Thailand" is not related to the previous franchises of Miss Thailand or Miss Thailand World.


query: Arianrhod RPG is a Japanese fantasy role-playing game released in 2004, at present, Arianrhod RPG is one of the most popular traditional RPG in Japan like as Sword World 2.0, and Alshard, a Japanese role-playing game designed by Jun'ichi Inoue, and which organization?

pos: Arianrhod RPG Arianrhod RPG is a Japanese fantasy role-playing game released in 2004. At present, Arianrhod RPG is one of the most popular traditional RPG in Japan like as Sword World 2.0, Alshard and Dungeons and Dragons. The related books including rulebooks, supplements, replays and novels were published 59 books until November 2010.

pos: Alshard Alshard (アルシャード ) is a Japanese role-playing game designed by Jun'ichi Inoue and FarEast Amusement Research. It was released in July 2002. The current, version 1.5, known as Alshard fortissimo or Alshard ff (アルシャードフォルティッシモ,アルシャードff ) was published in July 2005. It is a fantasy role-playing game with mechanical items like as Final Fantasy. Alshard's game system is named Standard RPG System (SRS for short) and is used in other games such as Tenra War and Kaze no Stigma RPG and so on. SRS including Alshard series is one of the largest role-playing game systems published in Japan.

neg: Earth Seeker Earth Seeker (アースシーカー ) is a role-playing video game developed by Crafts & Meister and Kadokawa Shoten and published exclusively in Japan by Enterbrain in 2011 for the Wii console.

neg: Angels Online Angels Online or Angel Love Online (ALO; ) is a free-to-play PC and PlayStation 3 2D massively multiplayer online role-playing game developed by UserJoy Technology in Taiwan, and published by Q Entertainment.

neg: Final Fantasy concerts "Final Fantasy" is a media franchise created by Hironobu Sakaguchi and owned by Square Enix that includes video games, motion pictures, and other merchandise. The original Final Fantasy video game, published in 1987, is a role-playing video game developed by Square, spawning a video game series that became the central focus of the franchise. The primary composer of music for the main series was Nobuo Uematsu, who single-handedly composed the soundtracks for the first nine games, as well as directing the production of many of the soundtrack albums. Music for the spin-off series and main series games beginning with "Final Fantasy X" was created by a variety of composers including Masashi Hamauzu, Naoshi Mizuta, Hitoshi Sakimoto, and Kumi Tanioka, as well as many others.

neg: RPG Jinsei Game RPG Jinsei Game (ＲＰＧ人生ゲーム , "RPG Life Game") is a Japan-only role playing game for the Family Computer that is similar to "Jinsei Game", which is the Japanese version of "The Game of Life".

neg: Final Fantasy Final Fantasy is a science fiction and fantasy media franchise created by Hironobu Sakaguchi, and developed and owned by Square Enix (formerly Square). The franchise centers on a series of fantasy and science fantasy role-playing video games (RPGs). The eponymous first game in the series, published in 1987, was conceived by Sakaguchi as his last-ditch effort in the game industry; the title was a success and spawned sequels. The video game series has since branched into other genres such as tactical role-playing, action role-playing, massively multiplayer online role-playing, racing, third-person shooter, fighting, and rhythm. The franchise has also branched out into other media, including CGI films, anime, manga, and novels.

neg: Drakar och Demoner Drakar och Demoner (Swedish for "Dragons and Demons", in Sweden commonly referred to by the abbreviation "DoD") is a Swedish fantasy role-playing game first published in 1982 by the game publishing company Äventyrsspel ("Adventure Games", later renamed Target Games).

neg: List of Square Enix video game franchises Square Enix is a Japanese video game development and publishing company formed from the merger of video game developer Square and publisher Enix on April 1, 2003. The company is best known for its role-playing video game franchises, which include the "Final Fantasy" series, the "Dragon Quest" series, and the action role-playing "Kingdom Hearts" series. Since its inception, the company has developed or published hundreds of titles in various video game franchises on numerous gaming systems. Of its properties, the "Final Fantasy" franchise is the best-selling, with a total worldwide sales of over 110 million units. The "Dragon Quest" series has shipped over 66 million units worldwide and is one of the most popular video game series in Japan, while the "Kingdom Hearts" series has shipped over 22 million copies worldwide.

neg: Blade of Arcana Blade of Arcana (ブレイド・オブ・アルカナ ) is a Japanese language epic fantasy role-playing game released in 1999. Its setting is similar to medieval Europe, including strong church of monotheism, religious wars and knight-errants.

neg: Dragoneer's Aria Dragoneer's Aria is an RPG for the PlayStation Portable, developed by Hit Maker and published by Nippon Ichi Software. It was released in North America on August 21, 2007, and was released as Dragoneer's Aria: Ryū ga Nemuru Made (ドラグナーズアリア 竜が眠るまで , lit. "Dragoneer's Aria: Until the Dragon Sleeps") in Japan on August 23, 2007.

neg: Final Fantasy XIII Final Fantasy XIII (ファイナルファンタジーXIII , Fainaru Fantajī Sātīn ) is a science fiction role-playing video game developed and published by Square Enix for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 consoles and later for the Microsoft Windows operating system. Released in Japan in December 2009 and worldwide in March 2010, it is the thirteenth title in the mainline "Final Fantasy" series. The game includes fast-paced combat, a new system for the series for determining which abilities are developed for the characters called "Crystarium", and a customizable "Paradigm" system to control which abilities are used by the characters. "Final Fantasy XIII" includes elements from the previous games in the series, such as summoned monsters, chocobos, and airships.

neg: White Knight Chronicles White Knight Chronicles is a fantasy role-playing video game developed by Level-5 and SCE Japan Studio and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation 3. It is Level-5's first project for the system. As of August 8, 2009 it has sold 350,000 copies in Japan. A sequel titled "White Knight Chronicles II" was released in Japan in 2010. A related game for the PlayStation Portable, titled "" was released in Japan, Europe and, Australia in 2011.

neg: Storm Online Storm Online (Simplified Chinese: 风云; Traditional Chinese: 雄霸天下; Russian: Поднебесье) is a free-to-play 2.5D fantasy MMORPG developed by Chengdu Aurora Technology Development Co.Ltd, first launched in China in July 2007. It was well received in Taiwan when launched in May 2008 by Unalis Co. Ltd and Pili puppets were used as to endorse the game.

neg: Dragon's Crown Dragon's Crown (ドラゴンズクラウン , Doragonzu Kuraun ) is a 2D fantasy action role-playing video game developed by Vanillaware. Set in a medieval world of swords and sorcery, the game sees up to four players travelling through dangerous dungeons and labyrinths in search of fortune and adventure. Cooperative options include both local multiplayer and four player drop in sessions over Sony's PlayStation Network service with data-sharing of save games and cross play between the Vita and PlayStation 3.

neg: RPGA The RPGA (previously called the Role Playing Game Association and the RPGA Network), is part of the organized play arm of Wizards of the Coast that organizes and sanctions role-playing games worldwide, principally under the d20 system.

neg: Langrisser Langrisser (ラングリッサー , Rangurissā ) is a tactical role-playing video game series created by Masaya Games. The main development team is Career Soft, first as Team Career within Masaya Games for the first three games and then as an independent studio for "Langrisser IV" and "V". The series has a fantasy-Germanic setting, but draws on religious concepts like ditheism and sword worship for historical context.

neg: List of Square Enix compilation albums Square Enix is a Japanese video game developer and publisher formed from the merger on April 1, 2003 of video game developer Square and publisher Enix. The company is best known for its role-playing video game franchises, which include the "Final Fantasy" series, the "Dragon Quest" series, and the action-RPG "Kingdom Hearts" series. For many of its games, Square Enix has produced albums of music containing songs from those games or arrangements of those songs. In addition to those albums, it has produced several compilation albums containing music from multiple games or series made by the company. These albums include music directly from the games, as well as arrangements covering a variety of styles, such as orchestral, piano, vocal, and techno. This list includes albums produced by Square, Enix, or Square Enix which contain music from multiple games in the companies' catalog which are not a part of a single series. The first of these was "Personal Computer Music" by Enix in 1987. Dozens of albums have been published since, primarily through Square Enix's own record label.

neg: Chaos World Chaos World (カオスワールド ) is a role-playing video game/strategy game developed and published by Natsume for the Family Computer in Japan in 1991.

neg: Dungeon Explorer: Warriors of Ancient Arts Dungeon Explorer: Meiyaku no Tobira (ダンジョンエクスプローラー 盟約の扉 ) and Dungeon Explorer: Jashin no Ryouiki (ダンジョンエクスプローラー 邪神の領域 ) are a pair of 2007 action RPG video games for the PlayStation Portable and Nintendo DS, respectively. Both games were localized and released as Dungeon Explorer: Warriors of Ancient Arts in the United States and as simply Dungeon Explorer in Europe. The games are related to the PC Engine game "Dungeon Explorer".

neg: Romance of the Three Kingdoms II Romance of the Three Kingdoms II (Japanese: 三國志II , Hepburn: Sangokushi Tsū , lit. "Three Kingdoms II") is the second in the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" series of turn-based strategy games produced by Koei and based on the historical novel "Romance of the Three Kingdoms".

neg: Night Wizard! Night Wizard! (ナイトウィザード , "Naito Uizaado" ) is a Japanese contemporary fantasy role-playing game designed by Takeshi Kikuchi and FarEast Amusement Research (F.E.A.R.) released in 2002. In the modern-day earth campaign setting, player characters called "Wizards" (ウィザード) fight against the world enemy named "Emulators" (エミュレーター) and their lords "Maō" (魔王) and explore the dungeons built by "Emulators".