query: Which direction does the Rocky Mountain spread?

pos: Rocky Mountain (Georgia) Rocky Mountain is the name of nine distinct mountains located in the North Georgia mountains that are spread among six different counties in Georgia

pos: North Georgia mountains The Georgia Mountains Region or North Georgia mountains or Northeast Georgia is an area that starts in the northeast corner of Georgia, United States, and spreads in a westerly direction. The mountains in this region are in the Blue Ridge mountain chain that ends in Georgia. At over 1 billion years of age, the Blue Ridge mountains are among the oldest mountains in the United States and sometimes mistaken to be the oldest mountains in the world (they are only about one third of the age of South Africa's 3.6 billion year old Barberton greenstone belt.). The mountains in this region are also a part of the vast system of North American mountains known as the Appalachian Mountains that spans most of the United States longitudally along the eastern areas of the nation and terminates in Alabama.

neg: Acadian orogeny The Acadian orogeny is a long-lasting mountain building event which began in the Middle Devonian, reaching a climax in the early Late Devonian. It was active for approximately 50 million years, beginning roughly around 375 million years ago, with deformational, plutonic, and metamorphic events extending into the Early Mississippian. The Acadian orogeny is the third of the four orogenies that created the Appalachian orogen and subsequent basin. The preceding orogenies consisted of the Potomac and Taconic orogeny, which followed a rift/drift stage in the Late Neoproterozoic. The Acadian orogeny involved the collision of a series of Avalonian continental fragments with the Laurasian continent. Geographically, the Acadian orogen extended from the Canadian Maritime provinces migrating in a southwesterly direction toward Alabama. However, the Northern Appalachian region, from New England northeastward into Gaspé region of Canada, was the most greatly affected region by the collision.

neg: Elk Mountains (Colorado) The Elk Mountains are a high, rugged mountain range in the Rocky Mountains of west-central Colorado in the United States. The mountains sit on the western side of the Continental Divide, largely in southern Pitkin and northern Gunnison counties, in the area southwest of Aspen, south of the Roaring Fork River valley, and east of the Crystal River. The range sits west of the Sawatch Range and northeast of the West Elk Mountains. Much of the range is located within the White River National Forest and the Gunnison National Forest, as well as the Maroon Bells-Snowmass Wilderness and Raggeds Wilderness. The Elk Mountains rise nearly 9,000 ft. above the Roaring Fork Valley to the north.

neg: Great Plains The Great Plains (sometimes simply "the Plains") is the broad expanse of flat land (a plain), much of it covered in prairie, steppe and grassland, that lies west of the Mississippi River tallgrass prairie states and east of the Rocky Mountains in the United States and Canada. It embraces

neg: Bridger Range The Bridger Range, also known as the Bridger Mountains, is a subrange of the Rocky Mountains in southwestern Montana in the United States. The range runs mostly in a north–south direction between Bozeman and Maudlow. It is separated from the Gallatin Range to the south by Bozeman Pass; from the Horseshoe Hills to the west by Dry Creek; from the Crazy Mountains to the east by the Shields River valley; and from the Big Belt Mountains to the north by Sixteen Mile Creek. The highest point in the Bridger Range is Sacagawea Peak (9596 ft ), which is visible to the northeast from Bozeman.

neg: Mesa Verde region The Mesa Verde Region is a portion of the Colorado Plateau in the United States that extends through parts of New Mexico, Colorado and Utah. It is bounded by the San Juan River to the south, the Piedra River to the east, the San Juan Mountains to the north and the Colorado River to the west.

neg: Ptarmigan Pass (Front Range) Ptarmigan Pass, elevation 12168 ft , is a mountain pass that crosses the Continental Divide in Rocky Mountain National Park in Colorado in the United States.

neg: Iron Mountain (Never Summer Mountains) Iron Mountain is a mountain summit in the Never Summer Mountains of the Rocky Mountains of North America. The 12270 ft peak is located 3.8 km east-southeast (bearing 114°) of the Cameron Pass, Colorado, United States, on the drainage divide separating State Forest State Park and Jackson County from Roosevelt National Forest and Larimer County.

neg: Anglican Diocese of the Rocky Mountains The Anglican Diocese of the Rocky Mountains is a diocese of the Anglican Church in North America. The diocese has 20 parishes in the American states of Colorado, Wyoming, Arizona, Idaho, Missouri, Illinois, California, Oregon, Washington, Ohio and Hawaii. The state with most parishes is Colorado, with 9. The diocese's first bishop is Kenneth Ross.

neg: Rocky Mountain High School (Colorado) Rocky Mountain High School (RMHS, Rocky) is one of four public high schools in Fort Collins, Colorado, United States. Its colors are cardinal red and gold and its mascot is the lobo, or wolf. The school serves roughly 2000 students, mostly from south, west, and central Fort Collins. Rocky Mountain High School opened at its current location in 1973 and was expanded in 1994.

neg: Mountain range A mountain range or hill range is a series of mountains or hills ranged in a line and connected by high ground. A mountain system or mountain belt is a group of mountain ranges with similarity in form, structure and alignment that have arisen from the same cause, usually an orogeny. Mountain ranges are formed by a variety of geological processes, but most of the significant ones on Earth are the result of plate tectonics. Mountain ranges are also found on many planetary mass objects in the Solar System and are likely a feature of most terrestrial planets.

neg: Continental Ranges The Continental Ranges is a name for a major grouping of mountain ranges in the Rocky Mountains located in eastern British Columbia and western Alberta. It is a physiographic designation for use by geologists and is not used by the general public; it is not recognized in Alberta, and does not appear on topographic maps, although the names of its subranges (the Kootenay, Park or Main Ranges, and Front Ranges) are in common use. It is the largest and best-known of the three main such subdivisions of the Canadian Rockies, the others being the Hart Ranges and the Muskwa Ranges.

neg: Rocky Mountain Group The Rocky Mountain Group is a geologic group in Alberta. It preserves fossils dating back to the Permian period.

neg: Columbia Mountains The Columbia Mountains are a group of mountain ranges along the upper Columbia River in southeastern British Columbia, and also in Montana, Idaho and Washington. The mountain range covers 135,952 km² (52,491 sq mi). The range is bounded by the Rocky Mountain Trench on the east, and the Kootenay River on the south; their western boundary is the edge of the Interior Plateau. Seventy-five percent of the range is located in Canada and the remaining twenty-five percent in the United States; American geographic classifications place the Columbia Mountains as part of the Rocky Mountains complex, but this designation does not apply in Canada (despite a British Columbia government tourism campaign to rebrand their southern portion as the "Kootenay Rockies"). Mount Sir Sandford is the highest mountain in the range, reaching 3519 m .

neg: Wasatch Range The Wasatch Range is a mountain range that stretches approximately 160 mi from the Utah-Idaho border, south through central Utah in the western United States. It is the western edge of the greater Rocky Mountains, and the eastern edge of the Great Basin region. The northern extension of the Wasatch Range, the Bear River Mountains, extends just into Idaho, constituting all of the Wasatch Range in that state.

neg: Interior Plains The Interior Plains is a vast physiographic region that spreads across the Laurentian craton of central North America. The region extends from the Gulf Coast region to the Arctic Ocean along the east flank of the Rocky Mountains. In Canada the region separates the Rocky Mountains from the Canadian Shield. In the United States the plains include the Great Plains of the west and the Tallgrass prairie region to the south of the Great Lakes extending east to the Appalachian Plateau region.

neg: Rocky Mountain National Park Rocky Mountain National Park is a United States national park located approximately 76 mi northwest of Denver International Airport in north-central Colorado, within the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains. The park is situated between the towns of Estes Park to the east and Grand Lake to the west. The eastern and westerns slopes of the Continental Divide run directly through the center of the park with the headwaters of the Colorado River located in the park's northwestern region. The main features of the park include mountains, alpine lakes and a wide variety of wildlife within various climates and environments, from wooded forests to mountain tundra.

neg: Ribes montigenum Ribes montigenum is a species of currant known by the common names mountain gooseberry, alpine prickly currant, western prickly gooseberry,and gooseberry currant. It is native to western North America from Washington south to California and east as far as the Rocky Mountains, where it grows in high mountain habitat types in subalpine and alpine climates, such as forests and talus. It is a spreading shrub growing up to 1.5 meters (5 feet) tall, the branching stems covered in prickles and hairs and bearing 1 to 5 sharp spines at intervals.

neg: Rocky Mountain Trench The Rocky Mountain Trench, also known as The Valley of a Thousand Peaks or simply the Trench, is a large valley in the northern part of the Rocky Mountains. It is both visually and cartographically a striking physiographic feature extending approximately 1600 km from Flathead Lake, Montana to the Liard River, just south of the British Columbia-Yukon border near Watson Lake, Yukon. The trench bottom is 3-16 km (2–10 miles) wide and ranges from 600-900 metres (2,000–3,000 feet) above sea level. The general orientation of the Trench is an almost uniform 150/330 degree geographic north vector and has become convenient for north/south aviators.

neg: South Pass (Wyoming) South Pass (elevation 7,412 feet (2,259 m) and 7,550 feet (2,300 m)) is the collective term for two mountain passes on the Continental Divide, in the Rocky Mountains in southwestern Wyoming. The passes are located in a broad low region, 35 miles (56 km) wide, between the Wind River Range to the north and the Oregon Buttes and Great Divide Basin to the south, in southwestern Fremont County, approximately 35 miles (56 km) SSW of Lander. South Pass is the lowest point on the Continental Divide between the Central and Southern Rocky Mountains. The passes furnish a natural crossing point of the Rockies. The historic pass became the route for emigrants on the Oregon, California, and Mormon trails to the West during the 19th century. It has been designated as a U.S. National Historic Landmark.

neg: South Teton South Teton (12514 ft ) is the fifth-highest peak in the Teton Range, Grand Teton National Park, in the U.S. state of Wyoming. The peak is south of Middle Teton and just west of Cloudveil Dome and is part of the Cathedral Group of high Teton peaks. The 40 mi Teton Range is the youngest mountain chain in the Rocky Mountains, and began their uplift 9 million years ago, during the Miocene. Several periods of glaciation have carved South Teton and the other peaks of the range into their current shapes.


query: What was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918, that had a a United States Army general who served in what is known as the First World War?

pos: Ben Lear Benjamin Lear (May 12, 1879 – November 2, 1966) was a United States Army general who served in the Spanish–American War, Philippine Insurrection, World War I and World War II.

pos: World War I World War I (WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. More than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history. Over nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a result of the war (including the victims of a number of genocides), a casualty rate exacerbated by the belligerents' technological and industrial sophistication, and the tactical stalemate caused by gruelling trench warfare. It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history, and paved the way for major political changes, including revolutions in many of the nations involved. Unresolved rivalries still extant at the end of the conflict contributed to the start of the Second World War only twenty-one years later.

neg: American Expeditionary Forces The American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) was the expeditionary force of the United States Army during World War I. It was established on July 5, 1917, in France under the command of General John J. Pershing. During the United States campaigns in World War I it fought alongside the French Army, British Army, and Canadian Army on the Western Front, against the German Empire. A minority of the AEF troops also fought alongside the Italian Army in that same year, against the Austro-Hungarian Army. The AEF helped the French Army on the Western Front during the Aisne Offensive (at the Battle of Château-Thierry (1918) and Battle of Belleau Wood) in the summer of 1918, and the AEF fought its major actions in the Battle of Saint-Mihiel and the Meuse-Argonne Offensive in the latter part of 1918.

neg: Henry Pinckney McCain Henry Pinckney McCain (January 23, 1861 – July 25, 1941) was an officer in the United States Army who served as Adjutant General of the U.S. Army from 1914 to 1918.

neg: Charles Justin Bailey Charles Justin Bailey (June 21, 1859 – September 21, 1946) was a Major-General in the United States Army who commanded the 81st Infantry Division during World War I.

neg: Hubert Allison Allen Hubert Allison Allen (April 4, 1872 – May 14, 1942) was an American general that served during World War I. He is strongly associated with the Iowa National Guard.

neg: XV Corps (United States) The XV Corps of the US Army was initially constituted on 1 October 1933 as part of the Organized Reserves, and was activated on 15 February 1943 at Camp Beauregard, Louisiana. During the Second World War, XV Corps fought for 307 days in the European Theater of Operations, fighting from Normandy through France and southern Germany into Austria. The corps was commanded in combat by Major General Wade H. Haislip, initially as a subordinate unit to the Third U.S. Army and later as part of the Seventh U.S. Army.

neg: Edward Allworth Edward Christopher Allworth (July 6, 1895 – June 24, 1966) was an American officer in the United States Army during World War I.

neg: George Henry Shelton George Henry Shelton (1871 – November 2, 1920) was an American Brigadier General during World War I.

neg: Adalbert Dani von Gyarmata und Magyar-Cséke Adalbert Dani von Gyarmata und Magyar-Cséke (also sometimes spelled Magyarcseke; 26 May 1868—14 April 1920) was an officer of the Austro-Hungarian Army who served in World War I, holding a number of senior positions, including chief of staff of VI Corps, Army Group Tersztyanszky, and the 3rd Army. Before the conflict began, he had worked in Russia, China, and Japan as a military attaché, becoming an observer during the Russo-Japanese War. It was during that time that von Gyarmata became acquainted with John Pershing, who went on to command the American Expeditionary Force in Europe during the war.

neg: Edgar A. Wedgewood Edgar A. Wedgewood (2 May 1856 – 31 January 1920) was a General in the United States army during World War I.

neg: Charles E. Stanton Charles Egbert Stanton (November 22, 1858 – May 8, 1933) was an officer in the United States Army, and attained the rank of colonel. A veteran of the Spanish–American War, and served as chief disbursing officer and aide to General John J. Pershing during World War I. Stanton was the nephew of Abraham Lincoln's Secretary of War, Edwin M. Stanton. He is best known for having included the memorable expression "Lafayette, we are here!" in a speech he gave in Paris during the First World War.

neg: William A. Knowlton General William Allen Knowlton (June 19, 1920 – August 10, 2008) was a United States Army four-star general, and a former Superintendent of the United States Military Academy. As a full general, he served as Commander, Allied Land Forces South East Europe, and as the United States Military Representative to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

neg: Paul Bernard Malone Paul Bernard Malone (May 8, 1872 - October 16, 1960) was a United States Army general. Malone came to the Fifth Division just after it had completed its training in the quiet sectors of the Vosges. With that same vigor and forceful ability that had characterized his command of the Twenty-third Infantry of the Second Division in its operations in the summer of 1918, General Malone led the Tenth Infantry Brigade through the St. Mihiel Offensive, the taking of Bois des Rappes, the crossing of the Meuse, the drive across the heights to the Loison River and during the Army of Occupation.

neg: Raymond Westcott Briggs Raymond Westcott Briggs (July 19, 1878 – December 24, 1959) was a United States Army officer and served as a Brigadier general during World War I.

neg: The Guns of August The Guns of August (1962), also published as "August 1914", is a volume of history by Barbara W. Tuchman. It is centered on the first month of World War I. After introductory chapters, Tuchman describes in great detail the opening events of the conflict. Its focus then becomes a military history of the contestants, chiefly the great powers.

neg: Charles Pelot Summerall General Charles Pelot Summerall (March 4, 1867 – May 14, 1955) was a senior United States Army officer. He served in World War I, as one of the first commanders of the 1st Infantry Division ("The Big Red One"), and was Army Chief of Staff from 1926 and 1930. He was also the President of The Citadel between 1931 and 1953.

neg: P. G. T. Beauregard Pierre Gustave Toutant-Beauregard (May 28, 1818 – February 20, 1893) was an American military officer who was the first prominent general of the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. Today, he is commonly referred to as P. G. T. Beauregard, but he rarely used his first name as an adult. He signed correspondence as G. T. Beauregard.

neg: Wade H. Haislip General Wade Hampton Haislip (July 9, 1889 – December 23, 1971) was a senior United States Army officer who served in both World War I and World War II, where he led the XV Corps in the campaign in Western Europe from 1944 to 1945. He later became a four-star general, serving as Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Army (VCSA) from 1949 to 1951.

neg: Beaumont B. Buck Beaumont Bonaparte Buck was an American general who served in the Spanish–American War, the Philippine–American War, and World War I. He is best known for his service to the 1st Infantry Division of the United States Army.

neg: Creighton Abrams Creighton Williams Abrams Jr. (September 15, 1914 – September 4, 1974) was a United States Army general who commanded military operations in the Vietnam War from 1968–72 (which saw U.S. troop strength in South Vietnam fall from a peak of 543,000 to 49,000). He served as Chief of Staff of the United States Army from 1972 until shortly before his death in 1974. In 1980, the U.S. Army named its new main battle tank, the "M1 Abrams", after General Abrams. The IG Farben building in Germany was also named after him from 1975 to 1995.

neg: Frank Steer Frank Steer (January 12, 1901 - March 7, 2006) was, at age 105, one of the last surviving American veterans of the First World War. Steer joined the United States Army at age 17 in 1918. He was sent to France in July 1918, and served on the Western Front against the Germans. Steer saw action at the battle of the Meuse-Argonne Offensive. After the war, he stayed in the army and served in the Second World War as a major appointed Provost Marshal of Hawaii during its period under martial law. Among his duties was the oversight of the prostitutes who serviced visiting soldiers and sailors. Steer eventually retired from service in 1945 as a colonel after serving 27 years. He served in both world wars and was therefore an honorary soldier of the United States Army. In 1959, Steer moved to Hawaii after it had become a part of the Union, and lived there for the rest of his life. He died at age 105.


query: What opera is part of the "Trionfi" and a solo album by Ray Manzarek?

pos: Carmina Burana (album) Carmina Burana is the third solo album by Ray Manzarek released in 1983. It is a recording of "Carmina Burana" by Carl Orff.

pos: Carmina Burana (Orff) Carmina Burana is a scenic cantata composed by Carl Orff in 1935 and 1936, based on 24 poems from the medieval collection "Carmina Burana". Its full Latin title is "Carmina Burana: Cantiones profanæ cantoribus et choris cantandæ comitantibus instrumentis atque imaginibus magicis " ("Songs of Beuern: Secular songs for singers and choruses to be sung together with instruments and magic images"). "Carmina Burana" is part of "Trionfi", a musical triptych that also includes "Catulli Carmina" and "Trionfo di Afrodite". The first and last movements of the piece are called "Fortuna Imperatrix Mundi " ("Fortune, Empress of the World") and start with the very well known "O Fortuna".

neg: I puritani I puritani ("The Puritans") is an opera in by Vincenzo Bellini. It was originally written in two acts and later changed to three acts on the advice of Gioachino Rossini, with whom the young composer had become friends. The music was set to a libretto by Count Carlo Pepoli, an Italian émigré poet whom Bellini had met at a salon run by the exile Princess Belgiojoso, which became a meeting place for many Italian revolutionaries.

neg: Nikolo Kotzev's Nostradamus Nikolo Kotzev's Nostradamus is a rock opera in three acts written by Nikolo Kotzev about the life and times of Nostradamus. It was released in a 2-CD set in 2001; it has as of 2006 not been performed live, although it remains an ambition of Kotzev's to have the rock opera performed on stage. Several members of Kotzev's main project, Brazen Abbot, also appear on this album.

neg: Lo speziale Lo speziale ("The Apothecary"), Hob. 28/3, is a three-act opera buffa by Joseph Haydn, with a libretto by Carlo Goldoni.

neg: Il Postino (opera) Il Postino is an opera in three acts by Daniel Catán with a Spanish libretto by the composer. Based on the novel " Ardiente paciencia" by Antonio Skármeta and the film "Il Postino" by Michael Radford, the work contains elements of drama and comedy, integrating themes of love and friendship along with political and spiritual conflict. The opera premiered at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion by Los Angeles Opera on 23 September 2010.

neg: Angel's Bone Angel's Bone is an opera by composer Du Yun and librettist Royce Vavrek in one act that follows the plight of two angels discovered on earth who are forced into spiritual and sexual slavery at the hands of a financially troubled couple. The work is a contemporary parable about human trafficking. Julian Wachner conducted the performances with Novus NY and the Trinity Wall Street Choir. The production, which opened on January 6, 2016, at the 3LD Art & Technology Center in Greenwich Street, Lower Manhattan, as part of the Prototype Festival in New York City, was directed by Michael McQuilken.

neg: The Wicked Symphony The Wicked Symphony is the fourth full-length album by Tobias Sammet's rock opera project Avantasia, released on 3 April 2010, parallel with "Angel of Babylon". "The Wicked Symphony" was released both as part of a box set, with the two albums combined and as an individual album. It is the second part of "The Wicked Trilogy" and it is followed by "Angel of Babylon".

neg: Persian Trilogy Persian Trilogy is a set of three orchestral works composed by Iranian classical musician, Behzad Ranjbaran. All three works were inspired by stories from the "Shahnameh" ("The Book of Kings"), the Persian epic poem by Ferdowsi.

neg: The Canterville Ghost (Knaifel opera) The Canterville Ghost (also "The Ghost of Canterville", Russian: "Кантервильское привидение" – Kantervíl’skoye privedénie, however usually spelt as "Кентервильское привидение" – Kentervíl’skoye prividénie; French: Le fantôme de Canterville, German: Das Gespenst von Canterville), an opera by the Russian composer Alexander Knaifel (Russian: Кнайфель) in three acts for 18 singers and chamber orchestra, also in an abridged version for two soloists and chamber orchestra.

neg: L'heure espagnole L'heure espagnole is a 1911 one-act opera, described as a "comédie musicale", with music by Maurice Ravel to a French libretto by Franc-Nohain, based on Franc-Nohain's 1904 play ('comédie-bouffe') of the same name The opera, set in Spain in the 18th century, is about a clockmaker whose unfaithful wife attempts to make love to several different men while he is away, leading to them hiding in, and eventually getting stuck in, her husband's clocks. The title can be translated literally as "The Spanish Hour", but the word "heure" more importantly means "time" – "Spanish Time", with the connotation "How They Keep Time in Spain".

neg: Wild Opera Wild Opera is No-Man's third studio album which displays art rock, trip hop and dub influences that were developed from improvisatory writing sessions.

neg: Europa riconosciuta Europa riconosciuta (] ; meaning "Europa revealed" or "Europa recognized") is an opera in two acts by Antonio Salieri, designated as a "dramma per musica", set to an Italian libretto by Mattia Verazi.

neg: Atlas (opera) Atlas is an opera in three acts composed by Meredith Monk who also wrote the libretto and choreographed the dances. It is scored for 18 voices and a small chamber orchestra which includes a shawm and a glass harmonica. The story is very loosely based on the life and writings of the explorer Alexandra David-Néel and is told primarily through wordless vocal sounds with brief interjections of spoken text in Mandarin Chinese and English. The opera was co-commissioned by Houston Grand Opera, the Walker Art Center in Minneapolis, and the American Music Theater Festival in Philadelphia. It premiered at Houston Grand Opera in February 1991, followed by performances that same year in Philadelphia and Minneapolis. It subsequently toured in the US and Europe and had its New York premiere in May 1992 at the Brooklyn Academy of Music.

neg: Ray Bryant Trio Ray Bryant Trio can refer to two albums released by pianist Ray Bryant:

neg: Symphony No. 3 (Malipiero) Gian Francesco Malipiero's Terza Sinfonia, "delle Campane" is the third of his eleven numbered symphonies and it was completed in February 1945, two months before the end of the Second World War in Italy with the fall of the Italian Social Republic. It was premiered on November 4 in Florence, with Igor Markevitch conducting.

neg: The Last Savage The Last Savage is an opera in three acts by composer Gian Carlo Menotti. Menotti wrote his own libretto, originally in the Italian language ("L'ultimo selvaggio"). The opera was translated into French ("Le dernier sauvage") by Jean-Pierre Marty for the work's first (private) performance at the Opéra-Comique in Paris on 21 October 1963, followed the next day by the public premiere. George Mead translated the work into English for the opera's American premiere at the Metropolitan Opera the following year.

neg: Stingray Brava Stingray Brava is a Dutch cultural television channel aimed at the Dutch and Belgian market. The programming consists of opera, ballet, and concertos. Productions are recorded in opera houses such as the Royal Opera House, the Teatro Real, and La Scala. The productions consists of stage performances such as "La bohème", "Otello", "Aida", "Swan Lake", "Tosca", "Zoroastre" and "Così fan tutte".

neg: Antigona Antigona ("Antigone") is an opera in three acts in Italian by the composer Tommaso Traetta. The libretto, by Marco Coltellini, is based on the tragedy "Antigone" by Sophocles. But there is also an opera "Antigona" by Josef Mysliveček.

neg: La journée aux aventures La journée aux aventures ("The Day of Adventures") is an opera by the French composer Étienne Méhul. It takes the form of an "opéra comique" in three acts. It was first performed at the Opéra-Comique, Paris on 16 November 1816. The libretto is by Pierre-David-Augustin Chapelle and Louis Mezières-Miot. This was the last of the composer's works to be premiered in his lifetime and was a great success; it enjoyed 66 performances before the end of 1817 and helped remedy the financial problems of the Opéra-Comique. It was revived to acclaim in a German translation in Berlin in December 1839.

neg: Il Trionfo di Dori Il Trionfo Di Dori is a collection of 29 Italian madrigals published by Angelo Gardano in Venice in 1592. An edition and commentary was published by Edward Harrison Powley in 1974.

neg: Angel of Babylon Angel of Babylon is the fifth full-length album by Tobias Sammet's rock opera project Avantasia, released on April 3, 2010, along with "The Wicked Symphony". "Angel Of Babylon" was released both as part of a box set, with the two albums combined and as an individual album. It is the third and final part of "The Wicked Trilogy".


query: While Lobelia is a genus of flowering plants, Asplenium is a genus of what?

pos: Asplenium Asplenium is a genus of about 700 species of ferns, often treated as the only genus in the family Aspleniaceae, though other authors consider "Hymenasplenium" separate, based on molecular phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences, a different chromosome count, and structural differences in the rhizomes. The type species for the genus is "Asplenium marinum".

pos: Lobelia Lobelia ( ) is a genus of flowering plants comprising 415 species, with a subcosmopolitan distribution primarily in tropical to warm temperate regions of the world, a few species extending into cooler temperate regions. They are known generally as lobelias.

neg: Ania (plant) Ania is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family Orchidaceae.

neg: Klarobelia Klarobelia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Annonaceae. There are about 12 species.

neg: Bellium Bellium is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family, Asteraceae, native to the Mediterranean region.

neg: Vernonia Vernonia is a genus of about 1000 species of forbs and shrubs in the family Asteraceae. Some species are known as ironweed. Some species are edible and of economic value. They are known for having intense purple flowers. The genus is named for the English botanist William Vernon. There are numerous distinct subgenera and subsections in this genus. This has led some botanists to divide this large genus into several distinct genera. For instance, the "Flora of North America" only recognizes about 20 species in "Vernonia" sensu stricto, 17 of which are in North America north of Mexico, with the others being found in South America.

neg: Fitzwillia Fitzwillia is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family described as a genus in 1989.

neg: Lycopodiaceae The Lycopodiaceae (class Lycopodiopsida, order Lycopodiales) are a family of vascular plants, including all of the core clubmosses, comprising 16 accepted genera and ca 400 known species. These plants bear spores on specialized structures at the apex of a shoot; they resemble a tiny battle club, from which the common name derives. They are non-flowering and do not produce seeds.

neg: Delphinium Delphinium is a genus of about 300 species of perennial flowering plants in the family Ranunculaceae, native throughout the Northern Hemisphere and also on the high mountains of tropical Africa.

neg: Coelia Coelia is a genus of orchids (family Orchidaceae, tribe Epidendreae, subtribe Coeliinae). It contains 5 species, native to Mexico, Central America and the West Indies.

neg: Schlegelia Schlegelia is a group of plants described as a genus in 1844.

neg: Tetramolopium Tetramolopium is a genus of plants in the aster tribe within the daisy family.

neg: Arthrophyllum Arthrophyllum is a defunct genus of flowering plants in the family Araliaceae. It was recognized by most authors until 2010, when all of its 30 species were "sunk" into "Polyscias" subgenus Arthrophyllum.

neg: Asplenium dimorphum Asplenium dimorphum, the Norfolk Island spleenwort, is a species of fern in the Aspleniaceae family, endemic to Norfolk Island.

neg: Peripleura Peripleura is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family, Asteraceae.

neg: Artemisia (genus) Artemisia is a large, diverse genus of plants with between 200 and 400 species belonging to the daisy family Asteraceae. Common names for various species in the genus include mugwort, wormwood, and sagebrush.

neg: Blumeopsis Blumeopsis is a genus of flowering plants in the aster family, Asteraceae.

neg: Araliaceae The Araliaceae are a family of flowering plants, also known as the aralia family (after its type genus "Aralia") or ivy family. The family includes 254 species of trees, shrubs, lianas, and perennial herbaceous plants in two subfamilies. Species usually bear pinnately or palmately compound leaves, and usually have small flowers produced in large panicles.

neg: Bishovia Bishovia is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family, Asteraceae.

neg: Limonium Limonium is a genus of 120 flowering plant species. Members are also known as sea-lavender, statice, caspia or marsh-rosemary. Despite their common names, species are not related to the lavenders or to rosemary. They are instead in Plumbaginaceae, the plumbago or leadwort family.

neg: Cyanea (jellyfish) Cyanea is a cosmopolitan genus of stinging jellyfish, primarily found in northern waters of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The same genus name has been given to a genus of plants of the Hawaiian lobelioids, an example of a "parahomonym" (same name, different kingdom).

neg: Leontopodium Leontopodium is a genus of plants in the Asteraceae family (which also includes daisies and sunflowers). The genus is native to Europe and Asia. The fuzzy and somewhat stocky "petals" (technically, bracts) could be thought of as somewhat resembling lions' paws —hence the genus name combining "léōn" (lion) and "pódion" (foot).


query: What channel separates the island where Jacob L. Sawelson received his sons medal of honor, from Brooklyn?

pos: William Sawelson William Sawelson (August 5, 1895 – October 26, 1918) was a sergeant in the U.S. Army during World War I. He received the Medal of Honor for valor in combat. The medal was posthumously presented to his father Jacob L. Sawelson at Governors Island.

pos: Governors Island Governors Island is a 172 acre island in New York Harbor, approximately 800 yd from the southern tip of Manhattan Island and separated from Brooklyn by Buttermilk Channel, approximately 400 yd . It is part of the borough of Manhattan in New York City. The National Park Service administers a small portion of the north of the island as the Governors Island National Monument, while the Trust for Governors Island operates the remaining 150 acres, including 52 historic buildings. Today, Governors Island is a popular seasonal destination open to the public between May and September with a 43-acre public park completed between 2012-2016, free arts and cultural events, and recreational activities. The island is accessed by ferries from Brooklyn and Manhattan.

neg: Vinegar Hill, Brooklyn Vinegar Hill is a neighborhood in the borough of Brooklyn in New York City on the East River Waterfront between Dumbo and the Brooklyn Navy Yard. The neighborhood is locally governed by Brooklyn Community Board 2 and is policed by the New York City Police Department's 84th Precinct. The large Irish-American population in Vinegar Hill made it one of several New York areas once known colloquially as Irishtown.

neg: Isle of Wight Bay Isle of Wight Bay is a lagoon that separates part of mainland Worcester County, Maryland from the midtown part of Ocean City, also in Worcester County. To the north, it connects to the Assawoman Bay just south of the Assawoman Bay Bridge, and to the south it connects to the Sinepuxent Bay at the north end of West Ocean City where the bay narrows between the Thoroughfare channel and Mallard Island. The major tributary of Isle of Wight Bay is the St. Martin's River; other tributaries include Turville Creek and Herring Creek.

neg: USS League Island (YFB-20) USS "League Island" (YFB-20) was a 166-foot-long commercial craft acquired by the U.S. Navy during World War II. It was primarily used as a ferryboat on the Delaware River, transporting military personnel between the Philadelphia Navy Yard, located on League Island, and military activities and contractors on the New Jersey side of the river.

neg: Battery Maritime Building The Battery Maritime Building is a ferry terminal at 11 South Street at the corner of South and Whitehall Streets near South Ferry at the tip of Manhattan Island in New York City. It is used for excursion trips and, since 1956, as the ferry terminal to Governors Island. The Beaux-Arts building was built from 1906 to 1909 as the Municipal Ferry Pier, and was used by ferries traveling to 39th Street in Brooklyn. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.

neg: Artificial Island, New Jersey Artificial Island, New Jersey and Delaware, is an American island located along the eastern shore of the Delaware River, mostly in southwestern New Jersey with a tiny portion inside Delaware's boundaries. It is part of both Lower Alloways Creek Township, Salem County, New Jersey and New Castle County, Delaware. The island is separated from mainland New Jersey by Alloway Creek and Hope Creek. It is called "artificial" since portions of the island are composed of land reclaimed from Delaware Bay.

neg: Fort Greene Park Fort Greene Park is a city-owned and -operated park in the Fort Greene neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York City. The 30.2 acre park was named after the fort which was formerly located there, originally named Fort Putnam, and then renamed Fort Greene in 1812 for Nathanael Greene, a hero of the American Revolutionary War.

neg: Wrangell Narrows The Wrangell Narrows is a winding, 35-km-long (22 mi) channel between Mitkof Island and Kupreanof Island in the Alexander Archipelago in Southeast Alaska. The Wrangell Narrows is one of the six Listed narrows in Southeast Alaska. There are about 60 lights and buoys to mark it because of its winding nature and navigation hazards. It was named "Proliv Vrangelya" (English: "Wrangell Strait") in 1838 by G. Lindenberg after Admiral Baron Ferdinand Petrovich von Wrangell. The translation "Wrangell Strait" remained in use while Wrangell Narrows referred to the narrowest central portion. By 1919 Department of Commerce nautical chart 8170 was changed from "Wrangell Strait" to Wrangell Narrows.

neg: Little Gull Island Light Little Gull Island Light is a lighthouse on Little Gull Island, off Fisher's Island, New York in Long Island Sound.

neg: Clinton Hill, Brooklyn Clinton Hill is a neighborhood in north-central Brooklyn, a borough of New York City. It is bordered by the Brooklyn Navy Yard and the Brooklyn-Queens Expressway to the north, Williamsburg to the northeast, Classon Avenue and Bedford–Stuyvesant to the east, Atlantic Avenue and Prospect Heights to the south and southwest and Vanderbilt Avenue and Fort Greene to the west.

neg: Cross Bay Veterans Memorial Bridge The Cross Bay Veterans Memorial Bridge (originally "Cross Bay Bridge" or "Cross Bay Parkway Bridge") in New York City is a toll bridge that carries Cross Bay Boulevard from Broad Channel in Jamaica Bay to the Rockaway Peninsula, and is located in Queens.

neg: 65th Street Yard The 65th Street Yard, also Bay Ridge Rail Yard, is a rail yard on the Upper New York Bay in Sunset Park, Brooklyn. Equipped with two transfer bridges which allow rail cars to be loaded and unloaded onto carfloats, the last of once extensive car float operations in the Port of New York and New Jersey. Located adjacent to the Brooklyn Army Terminal, it provided a major link in the city's rail freight network in the first half of the twentieth century. It was later used as a conventional railroad yard at the end of the LIRR/NY&A Bay Ridge Branch. The new transfer bridges were constructed in 1999, but remained unused until the transfer bridges were activated in July 2012.

neg: Staten Island Staten Island is one of the five boroughs of New York City in the U.S. state of New York. In the southwest of the city, Staten Island is the southernmost part of both the city and state of New York, with Conference House Park at the southern tip of the island and the state. The borough is separated from New Jersey by the Arthur Kill and the Kill Van Kull, and from the rest of New York by New York Bay. With a 2016 Census-estimated population of 476,015, Staten Island is the least populated of the boroughs but is the third-largest in area at 58 sqmi . Staten Island is the only borough of New York with a non-Hispanic White majority.

neg: New York State Route 439 New York State Route 439 (NY 439) was an east–west state highway on Staten Island in New York in the United States. The western terminus of the route was at the Goethals Bridge, where it continued into New Jersey as its Route 439. Its eastern terminus was at the Staten Island Ferry terminal in the St. George neighborhood. In between, NY 439 followed the Staten Island Expressway, Forest Avenue, Victory Boulevard, and Bay Street.

neg: Manhattan Waterfront Greenway The Manhattan Waterfront Greenway is a foreshoreway for walking or cycling, 32 mi long, around the island of Manhattan, in New York City. The largest portions are operated by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. It is separated from motor traffic, and many sections also separate pedestrians from cyclists. There are three principal parts — the East, Harlem and Hudson River Greenways.

neg: Brooklyn Community Board 7 Brooklyn Community Board 7 is a New York City community board that encompasses the Brooklyn neighborhoods of Sunset Park, Windsor Terrace, Greenwood Heights and South Park Slope. It is delimited by Gowanus Bay on the west; by 15th Street and Prospect Park South West on the north; and by Caton Avenue, Fort Hamilton Parkway, 37th Street and 8th Avenue on the east, as well as by the Long Island Rail Road and Bay Ridge R.R. Yards on the south.

neg: Jones Beach Island Jones Beach Island is one of the outer barrier islands off the southern coast of Long Island in the U.S. state of New York. It is named for Major Thomas Jones, who first came to Long Island in 1692, where he proceeded to build the island's first brick house near Massapequa. Jones built a whaling station on Jones Island near the present site of Jones Beach State Park in 1700. Jones Beach Island is sometimes referred to as Oak Beach Island and is the former home of the infamous Oak Beach Inn.

neg: East River State Park East River State Park is an 11 acre state park located in the Williamsburg neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York. The park stretches along the East River near North 7th, 8th, and 9th Streets, and offers unobstructed views of the Williamsburg Bridge and Midtown Manhattan.

neg: Balintang Channel The Balintang Channel ( ) is the small waterway that separates the Batanes and Babuyan Islands, both of which belong to the Philippines, in the Luzon Strait.

neg: Fire Island National Seashore Fire Island National Seashore (FINS) is a United States National Seashore that protects a 26 mi section of Fire Island, an approximately 30 mi long barrier island separated from Long Island by the Great South Bay. The island is part of New York State's Suffolk County.

neg: Rockaway Inlet Rockaway Inlet is a strait connecting Jamaica Bay, wholly within New York City, with the Atlantic Ocean. It separates the Rockaway Peninsula in Queens from the Floyd Bennett Field in Brooklyn.


query: What film genre are Werner Herzog's Wheel of Time and Dave Chappelle's Block Party an example of?

pos: Wheel of Time (film) Wheel of Time is a 2003 documentary film by German director Werner Herzog about Tibetan Buddhism. The title refers to the Kalachakra sand mandala that provides a recurring image for the film.

pos: Dave Chappelle's Block Party Dave Chappelle's Block Party, also known as Block Party, is a 2005 documentary film hosted and written by comedian Dave Chappelle, and directed by Michel Gondry. Its format is inspired by the documentary "Wattstax".

neg: B movie A B movie or B film is a low-budget commercial movie, but one that is not an arthouse film. In its original usage, during the Golden Age of Hollywood, the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature (akin to B-sides for recorded music). Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s, the term "B movie" continues to be used in its broader sense to this day. In its post–Golden Age usage, there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition: on the one hand, the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient; on the other, many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity.

neg: Sexploitation film A sexploitation film (or "sex-exploitation film") is a class of independently produced, low-budget feature film that is generally associated with the 1960s, and that serves largely as a vehicle for the exhibition of non-explicit sexual situations and gratuitous nudity. The genre is a subgenre of exploitation films. Sexploitation films were generally exhibited in urban grindhouse theatres, the precursor to the adult movie theaters of the 1970s and 1980s that featured hardcore pornography content. The term soft-core is often used to designate non-explicit sexploitation films after the general legalization of hardcore content. Nudist films are often considered to be subgenres of the sex-exploitation genre as well. "Nudie" films and "Nudie-cuties" are associated genres.

neg: Film crew A film crew is a group of people, hired by a production company, for the purpose of producing a film or motion picture. The "crew" is distinguished from the "cast" as the "cast" are understood to be the actors who appear in front of the camera or provide voices for characters in the film. The "crew" is also separate from the "producers" as the "producers" are the ones who own a portion of either the film company or the film's intellectual property rights. A film crew is divided into different departments, each of which specializes in a specific aspect of the production. Film crew positions have evolved over the years, spurred by technological change, but many traditional jobs date from the early 20th century and are common across jurisdictions and film-making cultures.

neg: Pieces of Time Pieces of Time is a 1973 book by Peter Bogdanovich consisting of a collection of writings by Bogdanovich on film, including pieces he had previously written for "Esquire".

neg: Partisan film Partisan film () is the name for a subgenre of war films, made in FPR/SFR Yugoslavia during the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. In the broadest sense, main characteristics of partisan films are that they are set in Yugoslavia during World War II and have partisans as main protagonists, while antagonists are Axis forces and their collaborators.

neg: 1980s in film The decade of the 1980s in Western Cinema saw the return of studio-driven pictures, coming from the filmmaker-driven New Hollywood era of the 1970s. The period was when "high concept" films gained popularity, where movies were to be easily marketable and understandable, and, therefore, they had short cinematic plots that could be summarized in one or two sentences. The modern Hollywood blockbuster is the most popular film format from the 1980s. Producer Don Simpson is usually credited with the creation of the high-concept picture of the modern Hollywood blockbuster.

neg: Mondo film A mondo film (from the Italian word for "world") is an exploitation documentary film, sometimes resembling a pseudo-documentary and usually depicting sensational topics, scenes, or situations. Common traits of mondo films include an emphasis on taboo subjects (such as death and sex), portrayals of foreign cultures (which have drawn accusations of ethnocentrism or racism), and staged sequences presented as genuine documentary footage. Over time, the films placed increasing emphasis on footage of the dead and dying (both real and fake). The term shockumentary is also used to describe the genre.

neg: World Combat World Combat (also known as Warzaid) is a military themed first-person light gun rail shooter. The arcade game comes in two types of cabinets, one for four players and one for two players. The game possesses many similarities to Namco's Time Crisis series, not the least of which is the ability of players to take cover at will. Each player character comes equipped with a large, portable metal shield that can block incoming projectiles. Unlike the Time Crisis games, however, this shield is not activated by a foot pedal, but rather by pointing the gun outside the screen (like many classic first-person rail shooters, shooting off-screen also reloads the player's weapon). The game also features a mechanic similar to Time Crisis's "Crisis Sighting," where most enemy projectiles miss the player harmlessly, but those that are an immediate threat slow down and are much larger than normal, giving the player a small window to react.

neg: Cha Cha (film) Cha Cha is a 1979 Dutch film written by Herman Brood and directed by Herbert Curiel. It stars Herman Brood, Nina Hagen, Lene Lovich and Les Chappell. Released on December 13, 1979, the film is a story of a bank robber who is trying to change his life and become a rock star. It takes place in Amsterdam's punk and new wave scene. All characters in the film have the same names as the actors. "Cha Cha" features musical performances by the main actors. The soundtrack for the film was released by CBS and Ariola Records.

neg: Cross-genre A cross-genre (or hybrid genre) is a genre in fiction that blends themes and elements from two or more different genres. As opposed to the (literary and political) conservatism of most genre fiction, cross-genre writing offers opportunities for opening up debates and stimulating discussion.

neg: Queen of the Desert (film) Queen of the Desert is a 2015 American epic biographical drama film written and directed by Werner Herzog and is based on the life of British traveller, writer, archaeologist, explorer, cartographer and political officer Gertrude Bell. The film follows Bell's life chronologically, from her early twenties till her death. It is Herzog's first feature film in six years after his 2009 film "My Son, My Son, What Have Ye Done?"

neg: Vaudeville Vaudeville ( ; ] ) is a theatrical genre of variety entertainment. It was especially popular in the United States and Canada from the early 1880s until the early 1930s. A typical vaudeville performance was made up of a series of separate, unrelated acts grouped together on a common bill. Types of acts have included popular and classical musicians, singers, dancers, comedians, trained animals, magicians, strongmen, female and male impersonators, acrobats, illustrated songs, jugglers, one-act plays or scenes from plays, athletes, lecturing celebrities, minstrels, and movies. A vaudeville performer is often referred to as a "vaudevillian".

neg: Diary of a Camper Diary of a Camper is a short American film made using id Software's 1996 first-person shooter video game "Quake", released in 1996. It was created by United Ranger Films, then a subdivision of a popular group of video game players, or clan, known as the Rangers. The film was first released over the Internet as a non-interactive game demo file. The video is generally considered the first known example of machinima—the art of using real-time, virtual 3D environments, often game engines, to create animated films. The story centers on a lone camper, a player waiting in a strategic location instead of seeking active battle, who faces five members of the Rangers clan in a deathmatch, a type of multiplayer game in which the goal is to kill as many opponents as possible.

neg: The Wedding Party (1969 film) The Wedding Party is a 1969 American film farce created as a joint effort by Sarah Lawrence theatre professor Wilford Leach and two of his students, protégé Brian De Palma and Cynthia Monroe, who bankrolled the project. Leach went on to a successful career as a Tony Award-winning theatre director, while De Palma continued as an auteur of films frequently emulating the themes and techniques of Alfred Hitchcock.

neg: Breakout clone A Breakout" clone (also known as a Breakout"-style game, block-breaking game, brick buster, or ball-and-paddle game) is a sub-class of the "bat-and-ball" genre. The genre is named for the dynamics of the player-controlled block, called a "bat" or a "paddle", upon which the game is based, which hits a ball towards another player's bat or different objects such as colored tiles (called a "brick"). The term "brick buster", coined in the early 2000s, mostly refers to more modern games.

neg: Experimental film Experimental film, experimental cinema or avant-garde cinema is a mode of filmmaking that rigorously re-evaluates cinematic conventions and explores non-narrative forms and alternatives to traditional narratives or methods of working. Many experimental films, particularly early ones, relate to arts in other disciplines: painting, dance, literature and poetry, or arise from research and development of new technical resources.

neg: Post-Futurism Post-Futurism (alternatively Postfuturism) is a term coined by Vivian Sobchack to describe certain science fiction films of the late 1970s and early 1980s, a genre of science fiction, an artistic movement, and an architectural movement. In the past the term has been used as a synonym for Postmodernism.

neg: Slasher film Slasher films are a subgenre of horror films, typically involving a violent psychopath stalking and murdering several people, usually with bladed tools. Although the term "slasher" is sometimes used informally as a generic term for any horror movie involving murder, analysts of the genre cite an established set of characteristics which set these films apart from other horror subgenres, such as splatter films and psychological horror films.

neg: Arthouse action film The arthouse action genre is an emerging film genre in contemporary cinema that traces its roots back to Asian and European films. Various sources have recently begun referring to various films under this label. Such titles include "Hanna", "Drive", "Haywire", and "Looper".

neg: Theater of War (film) Theater of War, a 2008 documentary film directed by John Walter, uses the rehearsal process of a play production as a lens through which to investigate German playwright Bertolt Brecht's ideas on theater, politics, and war. The chosen production is a 2006 staging of "Mother Courage and Her Children", a play that Tony Kushner calls "the greatest of the 20th century". Staged by the Public Theater in New York's Central Park, the production starred Meryl Streep and Kevin Kline, and was helmed by George C. Wolfe.


query: Where is the wrestling magazine headquartered that, in 2012 featured Del Rey on its list of top 500 wrestlers in the world?

pos: Sara Del Rey Sara Amato (born November 13, 1980) is an American professional wrestling trainer and retired professional wrestler best known by her ring name Sara Del Rey. She was a mainstay for Chikara and Shimmer, but also appeared for many other independent promotions in the United States, including Ring of Honor (ROH), IWA Mid-South and All Pro Wrestling, as well as Mexico's Lucha Libre Femenil. Del Rey also taped several matches, competing under a mask and using the name Nic Grimes, for the MTV promotion Wrestling Society X. Del Rey was the inaugural Shimmer Champion and co-holder of the Shimmer Tag Team Championship with Courtney Rush, making her the promotion's first double champion. In 2012, Del Rey became only the fourth woman to make it to Pro Wrestling Illustrated's list of top 500 wrestlers in the world. She is currently employed by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) as the Assistant Head Coach and producer of their developmental territory NXT, based at the WWE Performance Center.

pos: Pro Wrestling Illustrated Pro Wrestling Illustrated ("PWI") is an American produced, internationally sold professional wrestling magazine that was founded in 1972. "PWI" is headquartered in Blue Bell, Pennsylvania and published by Kappa Publishing Group. The magazine is the longest currently published English language wrestling magazine. The "PWI" publishes monthly issues and annual special issues such as their "Almanac and Book of Facts".

neg: NWA World Welterweight Championship The NWA World Welterweight Championship (Spanish: "Campeonato Mundial Welter de NWA" ) is a professional wrestling championship governed by the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) and currently promoted by NWA Mexico. The championship was originally created by the Mexican promotion Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) in 1946. The promotion had control of the championship from 1946 until 1996 and again from 2007 until 2010. From 1996 until 2007 the championship was promoted mainly in Japan, first as one of eight championships that made up the New Japan Pro Wrestling (NJPW) J-Crown Championship. After the J-Crown was discontinued the title remained in Japan being promoted by the Toryumon promotion up until 2007 when it returned to Mexico and CMLL. CMLL was a member of the National Wrestling Alliance up until the late 1980s but chose to keep the championship and the NWA prefix after leaving the NWA. As it is a professional wrestling championship, its holders are determined by promoters or promotions, not by athletic competition. The official definition of the welterweight weight limit in Mexico is 70 kg to 78 kg , but promotions have ignored the weight limit at times and crowned champions both heavier and lighter than the rules defined.

neg: World Boxing Organization The World Boxing Organization (WBO) is a sanctioning organization which recognizes professional boxing world champions. It is recognized by the International Boxing Hall of Fame (IBHOF) as one of the four major world championship groups, alongside the World Boxing Association (WBA), World Boxing Council (WBC), and International Boxing Federation (IBF). The WBO's headquarters are located in San Juan, Puerto Rico.

neg: International Wrestling League International Wrestling League (IWL) is a professional wrestling promotion based in Deportivo Tlalli, in Tlalnepantla, Mexico State.

neg: EMLL 2nd Anniversary Show The EMLL 2nd Anniversary Show was a professional wrestling major show event produced by Empresa Mexicana de Lucha Libre (EMLL, later renamed "Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre", CMLL) that took place on September 19, 1935 in Arena Modelo (In the same location Arena México was built years later), in Mexico City, Mexico. The event commemorated the second anniversary of EMLL, which would become the oldest still active professional wrestling promotion in the world. The Anniversary show is EMLL's biggest show of the year.

neg: Bhartiya Kushti Patrika Bhartiya Kushti Patrika (Hindi: भारतीय कुश्ती पत्रिका) is an Indian monthly sports magazine focusing on Indian-style wrestling, "Kushti". It was established by Ratan Patodi in early 1962. The magazine's main goal is to preserve the literature of Indian Wrestling. Wrestling has been in existence in India since ancient times. This ancient tradition has a significant place in Hindu mythology as Lord Hanuman and Lord Krishna loved to wrestle (कुश्ती).

neg: Universal Wrestling Association The Universal Wrestling Association (UWA) was a Mexican "Lucha Libre" or professional wrestling promotion based in Naucalpan, Mexico State that operated from 1975 until 1995. The name of the actual promotion was Lucha Libre Internacional (LLI) ("International wrestling") but outside of Mexico it is generally referred to as the UWA as it was the name of the fictional international sanctioning body that in storyline terms oversaw all championships promoted by the UWA. The company was founded by wrestler and trainer Ray Mendoza, promoter Francisco Flores and investor Benjamín Mora, Jr. as when they broke away from Empresa Mexicana de Lucha Libre to form their own promotion. The company had working agreements with wrestling promotions both in the United States and Japan as they worked with New Japan Pro Wrestling, the World Wrestling Federation and Japan Women's Pro-Wrestling (JWP).

neg: Los Boricuas (CMLL) Los Boricuas (Spanish for the Puerto Ricans) was a Mexican "Lucha Libre" (Professional wrestling) stable or group in Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL), one of Mexico's largest and the world's oldest professional wrestling promotions. The concept of the group was that a union of people born in Puerto Rico or in storyline terms "emigrated" to Puerto Rico, denouncing their Mexican heritage and embracing the Puerto Rican culture. The group was founded and led by Pierroth in 2000 and was together until the end of 2003 where it disbanded. In 2013 CMLL brought the concept back when they announced that a new Comandante Pierroth was putting together a new group of Boricuas, known as "Comando Caribeño" ("The Caribbean Commando"). The original team name referred to the Puerto Rican people, even though most of the wrestlers were not actually from Puerto Rico.

neg: Zach Rey Zach Rey (born March 27, 1989) of Bethlehem, Pennsylvania is an American wrestler for Lehigh Valley Athletic Club who represented the United States at the 2015 World Wrestling Championships.

neg: Fortune (magazine) Fortune is a multinational business magazine, published and owned by Time Inc. and headquartered in New York City. The publication was founded by Henry Luce in 1929. The magazine competes with "Forbes" and "Bloomberg Businessweek" in the national business magazine category and distinguishes itself with long, in-depth feature articles. The magazine regularly publishes ranked lists, perhaps best known is the Fortune 500, a ranking of companies by revenue that it has published annually since 1955.

neg: Steel City Wrestling Steel City Wrestling (SCW) was a professional wrestling promotion that was founded in Latrobe, Pennsylvania in 1994 by Norm Connors. It was the top promotion in the Pittsburgh metropolitan area during the 1990s, along with the National Wrestling Alliance-affiliated Pro Wrestling eXpress, and was regarded by many in the industry as one of the best independent promotions on the East Coast of the United States.

neg: Festival de las Máscaras (2012) Festival de las Máscaras (2012) (Spanish for "Festival of the Mask") was an annual professional wrestling major event produced by Mexican professional wrestling promotion International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG), which took place on August 2, 2012 in Arena Naucalpan, Naucalpan, State of Mexico, Mexico. For this annual event the "Comisión de Box y Lucha Libre Mexico D.F." ("Mexico City Boxing and Wrestling Commission") allowed wrestlers who had previously been unmasked after losing a "Luchas de Apuestas", or bet match, to wear their masks again. The show featured a total of five matches with a main event Best two-out-of-three falls six-man tag team match between the team of El Canek, Octagón and El Solar facing Cien Caras, Jr., Fuerza Guerrera and Negro Navarro.

neg: Hardcore Justice (2012) Hardcore Justice (2012) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) promotion, which took place on August 12, 2012 at the Impact Wrestling Zone in Orlando, Florida. It was the eighth and final event under the Hardcore Justice chronology.

neg: CMLL 59th Anniversary Show The CMLL 59th Anniversary Show was a professional wrestling major show event produced by Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) that took place on September 18, 1992 in Arena México, Mexico City, Mexico. This was the first Anniversary show under the CMLL name as the company had changed name from Empresa Mexicana de Lucha Libre in the winter of 1991. The show consisted of five matches, with the main event being a Six-man tag team match between the team of The Great Kabuki, La Fiera and Pierroth Jr. and the team of Rayo de Jalisco Jr., Atlantis and King Haku. The show also featured a "Lucha de Apuestas", hair vs. hair match, between El Dandy and El Satánico. Furthermore the show featured two more six-man tag team matches and a Tag Team match featuring Japanese women making a special appearance for CMLL. The event commemorated the 59th anniversary of CMLL, the oldest professional wrestling promotion in the world. The Anniversary show is CMLL's biggest show of the year, their Super Bowl event.

neg: Independent Wrestling Federation The Independent Wrestling Federation (IWF) is a professional wrestling promotion based in Nutley, New Jersey. The IWF features upcoming talent, in some cases, which have made it to the World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). Along with producing live events for the public, the IWF also gives youth clinics and acts as a wrestling school. The wrestling school trains teens and adults, and former WWE star Tito Santana is among the instructors.

neg: Fishman (wrestler) José Ángel Nájera Sánchez (January 6, 1951 – April 8, 2017) was a Mexican "luchador" or professional wrestler best known under the ring name Fishman. Fishman was one of the top wrestlers in the mid-1970s and 1980s and worked for Empresa Mexicana de Lucha Libre, the Universal Wrestling Association, the World Wrestling Association and AAA in Mexico as well as frequent trips to Japan and the United States. Nájera was unmasked after losing a match in 2000 and retired shortly afterwards. Three of his sons are all "luchadores enmascarados" (masked wrestlers) known by their ring names Black Fish, El Hijo del Fishman and El Único de Ciudad Juárez.

neg: Impact Hall of Fame The Impact Wrestling Hall of Fame is a hall of fame that honors professional wrestlers and wrestling personalities, established and maintained by the U.S.-based national wrestling promotion Global Force Wrestling. It was known as the TNA Hall of Fame from 2012–2017, and was known as the Impact Wrestling Hall of Fame for part of 2017 after Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) rebranded as Impact Wrestling. Since Impact Wrestling assumed the name of Global Force Wrestling, it has been known as the GFW Hall of Fame. Inductees are usually announced at either Slammiversary or on "Impact!" and the ceremony takes place prior to Bound for Glory, with a speech being delivered at Bound for Glory. However in 2015, two were inducted into the Hall of Fame: Jeff Jarrett, who did not have a ceremony due to his actions with the company leading to a Lethal Lockdown match to depose him and his shares, while Earl Hebner was inducted at a live event.

neg: International Wrestling Revolution Group International Wrestling Revolution Group (Grupo Internacional Revolución in Spanish) is a Lucha Libre promotion based in Naucalpan, State of Mexico, Mexico. Founded in 1996 by Adolfo Moreno and since Moreno's death in late 2007 has been controlled by his sons Alfredo and Marco Moreno. IWRG has its own championships but like a lot of Mexican promotions recognize champions from other promotions, occasionally allowing them to defend those titles on IWRG shows. In recent times the company has tried to become a competitor to both Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) and Asistencia Asesoria y Administracion (AAA), acquiring a national television deal with TV Azteca and using a number of talent that have left CMLL or AAA to bolster their ranks and profile. IWRG's home base is Arena Naucalpan where the majority of their shows are held, though they have regularly promoted shows at other venues such as Arena Emiliano Zapata, Arena Xochimilco and Arena Neza.

neg: El Zorro (wrestler) Jesús Cristóbal Martínez Rodriguez (born July 25, 1975) is a Mexican "luchador" (professional wrestler) who is best known as El Zorro. His gimmick started out very similar to the fictional character Zorro complete with mask, but in recent years it has evolved and the mask has been eliminated. He is best known for his work in the Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (AAA) promotion in Mexico, where he is a former AAA Mega Champion. He has in the past worked both in Europe, Japan and made a few brief appearances for the World Wrestling Federation show WWF Super Astros. He was the "Deputy leader" of the "La Legión Extranjera" faction headed by Konnan. In December 2012, Martínez was repackaged as La Parka Negra, the storyline nemesis of La Parka. He returned as El Zorro in October 2013, before departing the company in February 2017.

neg: CMLL 82nd Anniversary Show The CMLL 82nd Anniversary Show was a major professional wrestling event produced by the "lucha libre" wrestling company "Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre" (CMLL; Spanish for "World Wrestling Council") that took place on September 18, 2015, in CMLL's home arena Arena México in Mexico City, Mexico. The event commemorated the 82nd anniversary of the creation of CMLL, which is the oldest still-active professional wrestling promotion in the world. CMLL's anniversary shows are their biggest, most important show of the year, comparable to the Super Bowl for the National Football League or WrestleMania for WWE. In May 2015 CMLL announced that they were holding a contest for kids to write a story that included CMLL and its wrestlers in some way. As part of the announcement they also revealed that the 2015 Anniversary show would be held on September 18, but was later changed to September 4, before going back to 18. The main event of the show saw Atlantis and La Sombra facing off in a "Lucha de Apuestas", or "Bet match", with both men risking their wrestling mask on the outcome of the match.

neg: Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre roster This is the Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) roster, a list of professional wrestlers who work for the Mexican professional wrestling promotion CMLL. The alias (ring name) of the worker listed while the real name is not listed, most "luchadores" (wrestlers) keep their real name private and as such most are not a matter of public record. If a wrestler is inactive for any reason (due to injury, suspension, not wrestling for 30 days or other), that information is noted in the notes section. Other wrestlers have made guest appearances, especially North American wrestlers who have made special guest appearances, but unless they work a series of shows for CMLL they will not be listed as part of the general roster.


query: Josef "Pips" Priller, was a German military aviator in the Luftwaffe during World War II, a fighter ace credited with 101 enemy aircraft shot down in 307 combat missions, all of his victories were claimed over which location, including 11 four-engine bombers and at least 68 Supermarine Spitfire fighters, a British single-seat fighter aircraft that was used by the Royal Air Force and many other Allied countries before, during and after World War II?

pos: Josef Priller Josef "Pips" Priller (] ) (27 July 1915 – 20 May 1961) was a German military aviator in the Luftwaffe during World War II, a fighter ace credited with 101 enemy aircraft shot down in 307 combat missions. All of his victories were claimed over the Western Front, including 11 four-engine bombers and at least 68 Supermarine Spitfire fighters.

pos: Supermarine Spitfire The Supermarine Spitfire is a British single-seat fighter aircraft that was used by the Royal Air Force and many other Allied countries before, during and after World War II. The Spitfire was built in many variants, using several wing configurations, and was produced in greater numbers than any other British aircraft. It was also the only British fighter to be in continuous production throughout the war. The Spitfire continues to be popular among enthusiasts; about 54 remain airworthy, while many more are static exhibits in aviation museums throughout the world.

neg: Gordon Brettell Edward Gordon Brettell (19 March 1915 – 29 March 1944), known as Gordon Brettell, was a British Spitfire fighter pilot who was taken prisoner during the Second World War. He took part in the 'Great Escape' from Stalag Luft III in March 1944, but was one of the men re-captured and subsequently shot by the "Gestapo".

neg: Hermann Graf Hermann Graf (24 October 1912 – 4 November 1988) was a German "Luftwaffe" World War II fighter ace. He served on both the Eastern and Western Fronts. He became the first pilot in aviation history to claim 200 aerial victories—that is, 200 aerial combat encounters resulting in the destruction of the enemy aircraft. In about 830 combat missions, he claimed a total of 212 aerial victories, almost all of which were achieved on the Eastern Front.

neg: No. 107 Squadron RAF No. 107 Squadron RAF was a Royal Flying Corps bomber unit formed during the First World War. It was reformed in the Royal Air Force during the Second World War and was operational during the Cold War on Thor Intermediate Range Ballistic Missiles.

neg: Liverpool Blitz The Liverpool Blitz was the heavy and sustained bombing of the British city of Liverpool and its surrounding area, during the Second World War by the German "Luftwaffe".

neg: Philip Hunter (RAF officer) Philip Hunter, DSO (11 April 1913 – 24 August 1940) was a Royal Air Force pilot, squadron commander and a Second World War flying ace, awarded the Distinguished Service Order for leading the destruction of thirty-eight enemy aircraft in only two missions over the Dunkirk evacuation beaches in May 1940. He was killed in action leading his squadron during the Battle of Britain.

neg: Stanislav Zimprich Stanislav Zimprich (3 March 1916 – 12 April 1942) was a Czech pilot who flew with the RAF in the Battle of Britain. He is credited with one confirmed and four probable kills. He mainly flew in a Hawker Hurricane. He was featured on a Czechoslovak postage stamp in 1945.

neg: Frank Sumner Flight Sergeant Frank Sumner, was a British RAF air gunner during World War II and flew combat missions during the Battle of Britain. He is counted amongst those airmen known as "The Few". He was killed in action in November 1941 whilst on active service with RAF Bomber Command.

neg: Channel Dash The Channel Dash or Unternehmen Zerberus (Operation Cerberus) was a German naval operation during World War II. A "Kriegsmarine" (German navy) squadron of both of the "Scharnhorst"-class battleship s, the heavy cruiser "Prinz Eugen" and escorts, ran a British blockade from Brest in Brittany, where they had been a fleet in being and a latent threat to British trans-Atlantic convoys. At Brest and La Pallice, the ships had been attacked by Royal Air Force (RAF) Bomber Command and by RAF Coastal Command torpedo-bombers from March 1941, which inflicted periodic damage to the ships, reducing their seaworthiness. In late 1941, Adolf Hitler ordered "Oberkommando der Marine" ("OKM" Navy high-command), to plan an operation to return the ships to German bases, to counter a possible British invasion of Norway. The short route up the English Channel was preferred to a detour around the British Isles, to benefit from surprise and from air cover by the "Luftwaffe".

neg: Heinkel HD 43 The Heinkel Doppeldecker 43 was a prototype German fighter aircraft of the 1930s. A single-engined, single-seat biplane, the HD 43 was designed to meet a secret German "Reichswehr" requirement for a single-seat fighter. It had two-bay wooden wings with a steel-tube fuselage, and was powered by a 750 hp (600 kW) BMW VI engine. The single prototype flew in 1931.

neg: Vickers F.B.16 The Vickers F.B.16 was a British single-seat fighter aircraft of the First World War. It was originally designed to be powered by an experimental radial engine, development of which was abandoned. When re-engined with more powerful and reliable water-cooled V-8 engines, the F.B.16 demonstrated good performance, but only a few prototypes were built, the type not entering service.

neg: No. 11 Squadron RAF No. 11 Squadron of the Royal Flying Corps was formed at Netheravon in Wiltshire on 14 February 1915 for "fighting duties", receiving two seat pusher Vickers Gunbus fighters in June, and deploying to France on 25 July 1915. Since all previous squadrons (Royal Flying Corps or other nations) were reconnaissance or army co-operation units, 11 can make a claim to be the oldest dedicated fighter squadron in the world. The squadron has had the honour of having two Victoria Cross winners serve in the unit.

neg: Roland Lee Knight Roland Anthony "Tony" Lee Knight, DFC (1917 – 27 September 1941) was a fighter pilot and flying ace of the Royal Air Force during the Second World War, credited with six "kills".

neg: Heinkel He 115 The Heinkel He 115 was a World War II "Luftwaffe" seaplane with three seats. It was used as a torpedo bomber and performed general seaplane duties, such as reconnaissance and minelaying. The aircraft was powered by two 960 PS (947 hp, 720 kW) BMW 132K nine-cylinder air-cooled radial engines. Some later models could seat four, had different engines or used different weapon arrangements.

neg: Hawker Sea Hawk The Hawker Sea Hawk is a British single-seat jet fighter of the Fleet Air Arm (FAA), the air branch of the Royal Navy (RN), built by Hawker Aircraft and its sister company, Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft. Although its origins stemmed from earlier Hawker piston-engined fighters, the Sea Hawk became the company's first jet aircraft.

neg: Armin Faber Oberleutnant Armin Faber was a Luftwaffe pilot in World War II who mistook the Bristol Channel for the English Channel and landed his Focke-Wulf 190 (Fw 190) intact at RAF Pembrey in south Wales. His plane was the first Fw 190 to be captured by the Allies and was tested to reveal any weaknesses that could be exploited.

neg: Heinz-Gerhard Vogt Gerhard Vogt (29 November 1911 – 14 January 1945) was a German Luftwaffe fighter ace and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross during World War II. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership. Gerhard Vogt scored 48 victories in 174 missions. All of his victories were recorded over the Western Front, and included eight four-engined bombers.

neg: No. 74 Squadron RAF No. 74 Squadron RAF, also known as "Tiger Squadron" from its tiger head motif, was a squadron of the Royal Air Force. It operated fighter aircraft from 1917 to the 1990s.

neg: Sopwith B.1 The Sopwith B.1 was an experimental British bomber aircraft of the First World War. A single-seat, single-engined biplane, the B.1 was built by the Sopwith Aviation Company for the Royal Navy. Although only two were built, one was used for bombing raids over France.

neg: No. 92 Squadron RAF No. 92 Squadron, also known as No 92 (East India) Squadron, of the Royal Air Force was formed as part of the Royal Flying Corps at London Colney as a fighter squadron on 1 September 1917. It deployed to France in July 1918 and saw action for just four months, until the end of the war. During the conflict it flew both air superiority and direct ground support missions. It was disbanded at Eil on 7 August 1919. Reformed on 10 October 1939, the unit was supposed to be equipped with medium bombers but in the spring of 1940 it became one of the first RAF units to receive the Supermarine Spitfire.

neg: List of World War II aces from Germany This is a list of fighter aces in World War II from Germany. A flying ace or fighter ace is a military aviator credited with shooting down five or more enemy aircraft during aerial combat. German day and night fighter pilots claimed roughly 70,000 aerial victories during World War II, 25,000 over British or American and 45,000 over Russian flown aircraft. 103 German fighter pilots shot down more than 100 enemy aircraft for a total of roughly 15,400 aerial victories. Roughly a further 360 pilots claimed between 40 and 100 aerial victories for round about 21,000 victories. Another 500 fighter pilots claimed between 20 and 40 victories for a total of 15,000 victories. It is relatively certain that 2,500 German fighter pilots attained ace status, having achieved at least 5 aerial victories. These achievements were honored with 453 German day and "Zerstörer" (destroyer) pilots having received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. 85 night fighter pilots, including 14 crew members, were awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross.


query: Godric is a novel published in 1981, written by Frederick Buechner, that tells the semi-fictionalised life story of medieval Catholic unofficial saint, or Saint Goderic, c. 1065 – 21 May 1170, was an English hermit, merchant and popular medieval saint, although he was never formally canonised?

pos: Godric (novel) Godric (ISBN  ) is a novel published in 1981, written by Frederick Buechner, that tells the semi-fictionalised life story of medieval Catholic saint Godric of Finchale. The novel was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize.

pos: Godric of Finchale Saint Godric of Finchale (or Saint Goderic) (c. 1065 – 21 May 1170) was an English hermit, merchant and popular medieval saint, although he was never formally canonised. He was born in Walpole in Norfolk and died in Finchale in County Durham.

neg: Aelred of Rievaulx Aelred (1110 – 12 January 1167), also Ailred, Ælred, Æthelred, etc., was an English Cistercian monk, abbot of Rievaulx from 1147 until his death, known as a writer and regarded by the Catholic Church and other Christians as a saint.

neg: Rabanus Maurus Rabanus Maurus Magnentius ( 780 – 4 February 856), also known as Hrabanus or Rhabanus, was a Frankish Benedictine monk and theologian who became archbishop of Mainz in Germany. He was the author of the encyclopaedia "De rerum naturis" (""On the Natures of Things""). He also wrote treatises on education and grammar and commentaries on the Bible. He was one of the most prominent teachers and writers of the Carolingian age, and was called "Praeceptor Germaniae," or "the teacher of Germany." In the most recent edition of the Roman Martyrology ("Martyrologium Romanum", 2004, pp. 133), his feast is given as February 4th and he is qualified as a Saint ('sanctus').

neg: Peter the Hermit Peter the Hermit (also known as Cucupeter, Little Peter or Peter of Amiens; 1050 – 8 July 1115) was a priest of Amiens and a key figure during the First Crusade.

neg: Gaugericus Saint Gaugericus, in French Saint Géry (also known as Gorik, Gau; in Walloon, Djèri) ( 550 – August 11, 626) was a bishop of Cambrai, France.

neg: John of Beverley John of Beverley (died 7 May 721) was an English bishop active in the kingdom of Northumbria. He was the bishop of Hexham and then the bishop of York which was the most important religious designation in the area. He went on to found the town of Beverley by building the first structure there, a monastery. John was associated with miracles during and after his lifetime, and was canonised a saint by the Catholic Church in 1037.

neg: The Cardinal Sins The Cardinal Sins is a 1981 novel by author and priest Andrew Greeley.

neg: Come Rack! Come Rope! Come Rack! Come Rope! is a historical novel by the English priest and writer Robert Hugh Benson (1871–1914), a convert to Catholicism from Anglicanism. Set in Derbyshire at the time of the Elizabethan persecution of Catholics, when being or harbouring a priest was considered treason and was punishable with death, it tells the story of two young lovers who give up their chance of happiness together, choosing instead to face imprisonment and martyrdom, so that God's will may be done.

neg: Henry (bishop of Finland) Henry (Finnish: "Henrik" ; Swedish: "Henrik" ; Latin: "Henricus" ; died 20 January 1156) was a medieval English clergyman. He came to Sweden with cardinal Nicholas Breakspeare in 1153 and was probably designated to be the new Archbishop of Uppsala, but the independent church province of Sweden could be established only in 1164 after the civil war was over, and Henry would have been sent to organize the Church in Finland, where Christians had existed already at least two centuries. According to legend, he entered Finland together with King Saint Eric of Sweden and died as a martyr, becoming a central figure in the local Roman Catholic Church. However, the authenticity of the accounts of his life, ministry, and death are widely disputed and there are no historical records of his death nor existence.

neg: Æschere In the Anglo-Saxon epic Beowulf, Æschere is Hrothgar's most trusted advisor who is killed by Grendel's mother in her attack on Heorot after Grendel's death. His name is composed of the Germanic elements Æsc, meaning 'ash', and here, meaning 'army'. King Hrothgar describes Æschere as 'min runwita ond min rædbora' (1325), which implies that he knows mysteries or enigmas and also has a duty to explain those mysteries aloud to a community. But by killing and decapitating Æschere, Grendel's mother highlights an anxiety within the poem about things that defy human interpretation. Beowulf and his Geatish warriors find Æschere's severed head at the entrance to Grendel's mother's lair.

neg: The Death of Virgil The Death of Virgil (German: Der Tod des Vergil ) is a 1945 novel by the Austrian author Hermann Broch. The narrative reenacts the last hours of life of the Roman poet Virgil, in the port of Brundisium (Brindisi), whence he had accompanied the emperor Augustus, his decision – frustrated by the emperor – to burn his "Aeneid", and his final reconciliation with his destiny. Virgil's heightened perceptions as he dies recall his life and the age in which he lives. The poet is in the interval between life and death, just as his culture hangs between the pagan and Christian eras. As he reflects, Virgil recognises that history is at a cusp and that he may have falsified reality in his attempt to create beauty.

neg: Deruvian Deruvian (Medieval Latin: "Deruvianus" ), also known by several other names including Damian, was a possibly legendary 2nd-century bishop and saint, said to have been sent by the pope to answer King Lucius's request for baptism and conversion to Christianity. Together with his companion St Fagan, he was sometimes reckoned as the apostle of Britain. King Lucius's letter (in most accounts, to Pope Eleutherius) may represent earlier traditions but does not appear in surviving sources before the 6th century; the names of the bishops sent to him does not appear in sources older than the early 12th century, when their story was used to support the independence of the bishops of St Davids in Wales and the antiquity of the Glastonbury Abbey in England. The story became widely known following its appearance in Geoffrey of Monmouth's pseudohistorical "History of the Kings of Britain". This was influential for centuries and its account of SS Fagan and Deruvian was used during the English Reformation to support the claims of both the Catholics and Protestants. Geoffrey's account is now considered wholly implausible, but Christianity was well-established in Roman Britain by the third century. Some scholars therefore argue the stories preserve a more modest account of the conversion of a Romano-British chieftain, possibly by Roman emissaries by these names.

neg: Margery Kempe Margery Kempe (c. 1373–after 1438) was an English Christian mystic, known for writing through dictation "The Book of Margery Kempe", a work considered by some to be the first autobiography in the English language. Her book chronicles her domestic tribulations, her extensive pilgrimages to holy sites in Europe and the Holy Land, as well as her mystical conversations with God. She is honoured in the Anglican Communion, but was never made a Roman Catholic saint.

neg: Frowin of Engelberg Frowin of Engleberg, in German "Frowin von Engelberg" (died 11 March 1178) was a Swiss German Benedictine abbot. Though never formally beatified, Frowin was styled "Blessed" by some chroniclers.

neg: Guarin Guarin (French: "Guérin", Italian: "Guarino", Norman: "Warin") (died 21 January 1137) was the chaplain ("magister capellanus") and chancellor of Roger II of Sicily from about 1130 to his death, during the first decade of the Norman kingdom of Sicily. According to Alexander of Telese, the contemporary chronicler, he was "erudite ... and most prudent in negotiations ... a cleric well-versed in letters, skillful in matters of the world, and possessed of a tenacious and cautious mind."

neg: Sir Gowther Sir Gowther is a relatively short Middle English tail-rhyme romance in twelve-line stanzas, found in two manuscripts, each dating to the mid- or late-fifteenth century. The poem tells a story that has been variously defined as a secular hagiography, a Breton lai and a romance, and perhaps "complies to a variety of possibilities." An adaptation of the story of Robert the Devil, the story follows the fortunes of Sir Gowther from birth to death, from his childhood as the son of a fiend, his wicked early life, through contrition and a penance imposed by the Pope involving him in a lowly and humiliating position in society, and to his eventual rise, via divine miracles, as a martial hero and ultimately to virtual canonization. But despite this saintly end, "like many other lays and romances, "Sir Gowther" derives much of its inspiration from a rich and vastly underappreciated folk tradition."

neg: Robert of Bury Saint Robert of Bury (died 1181) was an English boy, allegedly murdered and found in the town of Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk in 1181. His death at a time of rising anti-Semitism was blamed on local Jews. Though a hagiography of Robert was written, no copies are known, so the story of his life is now unknown beyond the few fragmentary references to it that survive. His cult continued until the English Reformation.

neg: Sarum Rite The Sarum Rite, more properly called the Use of Salisbury, was a variant ("use") of the Roman Rite widely used for the ordering of Christian public worship, including the Mass and the Divine Office. It was established by Saint Osmund, Bishop of Salisbury, and Richard Poore in the 11th century and was originally the local form used in the Cathedral and Diocese of Salisbury, England.

neg: Bede Bede ( ; Old English: "Bǣda" or "Bēda" ; 672/3 – 26 May 735), also known as Saint Bede, Venerable Bede, and Bede the Venerable (Latin: "Bēda Venerābilis" ), was an English monk at the monastery of St. Peter and its companion monastery of St. Paul in the Kingdom of Northumbria of the Angles (contemporarily Monkwearmouth–Jarrow Abbey in Tyne and Wear, England). He is well known as an author and scholar, and his most famous work, "Ecclesiastical History of the English People" gained him the title "The Father of English History".

neg: Humphrey Middlemore Humphrey Middlemore, O.Cart, (died 19 June 1535) was an English Catholic priest and Carthusian hermit, who was executed for treason during the Tudor period. He is considered a martyr by the Catholic Church, and, along with other members of his religious order to meet that fate, was beatified by Pope Leo XIII on 9 December 1886.

neg: Saint A saint (also historically known as a hallow) is a person who is recognized as having an exceptional degree of holiness or likeness or closeness to God. Depending on the context and denomination, the term also retains its original Christian meaning, as any believer who is "in Christ" and in whom Christ dwells, whether in Heaven or on Earth. In Anglican, Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Lutheran, and Oriental Orthodox doctrine, all of their faithful deceased in Heaven are considered to be saints, but some are considered worthy of greater honor or emulation; official ecclesiastical recognition, and consequently veneration, is given to some saints through the process of canonization in the Catholic Church or glorification in the Eastern Orthodox Church.