query: The Honda K series have cast iron sleeves as opposed to the FRM cylinders found only in a roadster that is named for its what?

pos: Honda K engine The Honda K series engine is a four-cylinder four-stroke engine introduced in 2001. The K series engines are equipped with DOHC valvetrains and use roller rockers to reduce friction. The engines use a coil-on-plug, distributorless ignition system with a coil for each spark plug. This system forgoes the use of a conventional distributor-based ignition timing system in favor of a computer-controlled system that allows the ECU to control ignition timings based on various sensor inputs. The cylinders have cast iron sleeves similar to the B-series & F-series engines, as opposed to the FRM cylinders found in the H-series and newer F series engines found only in the Honda S2000.

pos: Honda S2000 The Honda S2000 was a roadster that was manufactured by Japanese automaker Honda from 1999 to 2009. First shown as a concept car at the Tokyo Motor Show in 1995, the production version was launched in April 1999 to celebrate the company's 50th anniversary. The S2000 is named for its engine displacement of two liters, carrying on in the tradition of the S500, S600, and S800 roadsters of the 1960s.

neg: Toyota FZ engine The Toyota FZ engine was a 24-valve, 4.5L DOHC straight-6 internal combustion engine manufactured by Toyota to replace the F-series engine. It was used primarily in SUVs because of its large displacement, smoothness, ruggedness and torque.

neg: Honda Orthia The Honda Orthia was a compact wagon manufactured by Honda exclusively for the Japanese market, based on the sixth generation Honda Civic. Introduced in February 1996 as what Honda called a "Sport Utility Wagon", it was available with either 2WD or 4WD layouts. It was powered by an 1834 cc (B18B) or 1972 cc (B20B) straight-4 engine. It was sold at "Honda Primo" dealerships. The name "orthia", a variation of the Greek word "orithyia", comes from Artemis Orthia in Greek mythology.

neg: Mitsubishi Pajero The Mitsubishi Pajero ( ; ] ; Japanese パジェロ ] ) is a sport utility vehicle manufactured by Mitsubishi. It was named after "Leopardus pajeros", the Pampas cat, which is native to the Patagonia plateau region of southern Argentina. But "pajero" in Spanish is also a common term of abuse, usually translated as "wanker" or "tosser", thus perhaps why alternative names have been used for many markets. It is known as the Mitsubishi Montero (meaning "mountain hunter") in the Americas (except Brazil and Jamaica), and Spain, while in the United Kingdom it is known as the Mitsubishi Shogun.

neg: Iron Duke engine The Iron Duke Pontiac engine VIN code A (also called the 2500, 151, Pontiac 2.5, and Tech IV, though the decal on the air filter assemblies actually reads "4 Tech") is a 2.5 L (150.8 cu in) I4 piston engine. All Iron Dukes were built by Pontiac beginning in 1977 and ending in 1993. After this time, the GM 2.2 L OHV 4-cylinder replaced it across the entire lineup of vehicles that offered it. This engine is not to be confused with the Chevrolet 153. Early Iron Dukes had a Chevrolet V8 bellhousing (also shared with its third generation inline six) instead of the Buick-Oldsmobile-Pontiac bellhousing bolt pattern until the early 1980s when the later versions were installed in FWD applications where the 2.8L bellhousing bolt pattern was phased in. Cylinder head design had the intake manifold mounted on the passenger side, and the exhaust manifold on the driver side.

neg: Fatbike A fatbike (also called fat bike or fat-tire bike) is an off-road bicycle with oversized tires, typically 3.8 in or larger and rims 2.6 in or wider, designed for low ground pressure to allow riding on soft unstable terrain, such as snow, sand, bogs and mud. Fatbikes are built around frames with wide forks and stays to accommodate the wide rims required to fit these tires. The wide tires can be used with inflation pressures as low as 5 psi to allow for a smooth ride over rough obstacles. A rating of 8 - is suitable for the majority of riders.

neg: Harley-Davidson CVO Harley-Davidson CVO (for Custom Vehicle Operations) motorcycles are a family of models created by Harley-Davidson for the factory custom market. For every model year since the program's inception in 1999, Harley-Davidson has chosen a small selection of its mass-produced motorcycle models and created limited-edition customizations of those platforms with larger-displacement engines, costlier paint designs, and additional accessories not found on the mainstream models. Special features for the CVO lineup have included performance upgrades from Harley's "Screamin' Eagle" branded parts, hand-painted pinstripes, ostrich leather on seats and trunks, gold leaf incorporated in the paint, and electronic accessories like GPS navigation systems and iPod music players.

neg: Variable Cylinder Management Variable Cylinder Management (VCM) is Honda's term for its variable displacement technology, which saves fuel by using the i-VTEC system to disable one bank of cylinders during specific driving conditions — for example, highway driving. The 2008-12 Accords took this a step further, allowing the engine to go from 6 cylinders, down to 4, and further down to 3 as the computer sees fit.

neg: Shelby Daytona The Shelby Daytona Coupe (also referred to as the Shelby Daytona Cobra Coupe) is an American sports-coupé related to the AC Cobra roadster, loosely based on its chassis and drive-train. It was built for auto racing, specifically to take on Ferrari and its 250 GTO in the GT class. Just six Shelby Daytona Coupes were built between 1964 and 1965, as Shelby was reassigned to the Ford GT40 project to compete at the 24 hours of Le Mans, again to beat Ferrari in the highest level prototype class. With the Shelby Daytona, Shelby became the first American constructor to win a title on the international scene at the FIA World Sportscar Championship in 1965 and has recently been chosen for historic preservation as a significant vehicle in the history of auto racing.

neg: Supercar A supercar is a luxury, high-performance sports car or grand tourer. The term is used in marketing by automakers for unusual and expensive vehicles, and has been used to refer to at least four different sorts of cars:

neg: Honda CB350 The Honda CB350 is a 325.6 cc OHC parallel twin cylinder, four-stroke motorcycle produced by Honda for model years 1968 through 1973. With its reliable motor and dual Keihin carburetors, it became one of Honda's best-selling models. More than 250,000 were sold in five years, with 67,180 sold in 1972 alone. The CB350 evolved during its production run with cosmetic changes and improvements to the suspension and brakes.

neg: Grand tourer A grand tourer (Italian: "gran turismo" ) (GT) is a performance and luxury automobile capable of high speed and long-distance driving. The most common format is a front-engine, rear-wheel-drive two-door coupé with either a two-seat or a 2+2 arrangement. The term derives from the Italian language phrase "gran turismo" which became popular in the English language from the 1950s, evolving from fast touring cars and streamlined closed sports cars during the 1930s.

neg: Daihatsu C-series engine The Daihatsu C-series engine is a range of compact three-cylinder, internal combustion piston engines, designed by Daihatsu, which is a subsidiary of Toyota. The engines range from 843 to 993 cc and have been manufactured in petrol and diesel-driven series. They have cast iron engine blocks and aluminum cylinder heads, and are of either SOHC or DOHC design, with belt driven heads. The engine first appeared in the all-new Daihatsu Charade in October 1977, in "CB20" form.

neg: Honda CB1100R The Honda CB1100R was an exotic Honda model that was produced in limited numbers from 1981–1983. It was a single-seat, fully faired sport bike based on the Honda CB900F. The R suffix denotes a racing version, however the CB1100R was a road-legal machine produced by Honda and offered for sale to the public. It was produced only in numbers sufficient to meet the homologation requirements for the R to be classed as a production motorcycle in markets into which it was sold. It was Honda's first 'homologation special' and was raced in the production class racing in most major markets: including Europe, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. It was not sold in the USA.

neg: Honda A engine The Honda A series inline-four-four-cylinder engine is used in 1980s Honda Accord and Prelude models. Introduced in 1982 with the second-generation Honda Prelude. Available in three displacement sizes: 1.6, 1.8 and 2.0 liters. It features cast iron block and aluminum SOHC head design with three valves per cylinder for a total of 12 valves. It was available in carbureted and fuel-injected configurations.

neg: Harley-Davidson Hummer The Hummer was a motorcycle model manufactured by Harley-Davidson from 1955 to 1959. However, the name "Hummer" is now incorrectly used generically to refer to all American-made single-cylinder two-stroke Harley-Davidson motorcycles manufactured from 1948 to 1966. These motorcycles were based on the DKW RT125, the drawings for which were taken from Germany as war reparations after World War II. The RT125 drawings were also given to the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union as war reparations, resulting in the BSA Bantam and the MMZ M-1A Moskva, later known as the Minsk.

neg: Honda CB350F The Honda CB350F is a four-cylinder, four-stroke, 347 cc motorcycle based on the larger versions of the day. The motorcycle was manufactured in Japan from 1972 to 1974. At the time, the CB350F was the smallest capacity multi-cylinder motorcycle ever to enter into full-scale production. There were no changes to the 1973 model, but Honda designated the 1974 bike the CB350F1.

neg: Lincoln Sport The Lincoln Sport is a two-door roadster that was built by Lincoln in the early 1920s.

neg: Honda R engine The Honda R engine is an inline-four engine launched in 2006 for the Honda Civic (Non-Si). It is fuel injected, has an aluminum-alloy cylinder block and cylinder head, is a SOHC 16-valve design (four valves per cylinder) and utilizes Honda's i-VTEC system. The R series engine has a compression ratio of 10.5:1, features a "drive by wire" throttle system which is computer controlled to reduce pumping losses and create a smooth torque curve.

neg: Human Friendly Transmission The Human Friendly Transmission is the marketing name of a proprietary Continuously variable transmission made by Honda for its motorcycles, including the Honda DN-01 and EVO6 concept motorcycle.

neg: Pot metal Pot metal—also known as "monkey metal", "white metal", or "die-cast zinc"—is a colloquial term that refers to alloys of low-melting point metals that manufacturers use to make fast, inexpensive castings. The term "pot metal" came about due to the practice at automobile factories in the early 20th century of gathering up non-ferrous metal scraps from the manufacturing processes and melting them in one pot to form into cast products. A small amount of iron usually made it into the castings, but too much iron raised the melting point, so it was minimized.


query: In what year was the musician behind "Freaks, Faggots, Drunks and Junkies" born?

pos: Freaks, Faggots, Drunks and Junkies Freaks, Faggots, Drunks and Junkies is the fifth studio album by transgressive punk rock musician GG Allin. A collaboration with backing band Bulge, the LP was first released by Homestead Records in 1988.

pos: GG Allin Kevin Michael "GG" Allin (born Jesus Christ Allin; August 29, 1956 – June 28, 1993) was an American singer, songwriter and record producer, who performed and recorded with many groups during his career. GG Allin was best known for his outlandish live performances, which often featured transgressive acts, including coprophagia, self-mutilation, and attacking audience members, for which he was arrested and imprisoned on multiple occasions. AllMusic and G4TV's "That's Tough" have called him "the most spectacular degenerate in rock & roll history" and the "toughest rock star in the world", respectively.

neg: Pat Fish Patrick Huntrods, aka Pat Fish (born 1957) is an English musician best known for his work as a member of the band The Jazz Butcher. (The name "Jazz Butcher" has been applied ambiguously both to Fish and the whole band.)

neg: Warren Fitzgerald Warren Fitzgerald (born September 15, 1968) is an American punk rock musician, guitarist, songwriter, and record label owner.

neg: Johnny Bonnel Johnny "Peebucks" Bonnel (born August 7, 1967) is the lead singer and a songwriter of the punk rock band Swingin' Utters and the alternative punk rock band Filthy Thievin' Bastards. His new project is entitled "Druglords of the Avenues".

neg: Fish Karma Fish Karma (real name Terry Owen, b. 1959) is an American punk rock/comedy rock/folk rock musician from Tucson, Arizona.

neg: Freddie Bell Ferdinando Dominick Bello, known as Freddie Bell, (September 29, 1931 – February 10, 2008), was an American musician, whose group, Freddie Bell and the Bellboys, were influential in the development of rock and roll in the 1950s. He was a prominent performer with the group on the Las Vegas Strip in the 1950s and 1960s, and continued to perform in Las Vegas into his later years after the demise of the group.

neg: Deborah Anderson Deborah Leigh Anderson (born 16 December 1970) is a musician and photographer.

neg: Christopher Jaymes Christopher Jaymes (born July 19, 1973) is an American musician, television and film actor, director, screenwriter and producer.

neg: Guy Maddison Guy Bernard Maddison (born 31 March 1965) is an Australian punk and grunge musician. From 1986 to 1989 he worked as a member of noise rock group Lubricated Goat and appeared on their album, "Paddock of Love". He was a member of Bloodloss (1993–97), a blues-punk band, alongside Mark Arm on vocals. From 2001 Maddison is the bass guitarist of the United States-based grunge band, Mudhoney (which includes Arm), and has worked on their studio albums, "Since We've Become Translucent" (2002), "Under a Billion Suns" (2006), "The Lucky Ones" (2008), and "Vanishing Point (2013).

neg: Jason Falkner Jason Falkner (born June 2, 1968) is an American pop and rock musician. Active since the late 1980s, he has performed with several bands. In addition to releasing several albums as a solo artist, he is a prolific session musician and producer who has contributed to dozens of other recordings by other bands and musicians.

neg: Liam Lynch (musician) William Patrick Niederst (born September 5, 1970), best known as Liam Lynch, is a musician, puppeteer and filmmaker. Lynch co-created, co-wrote, played the music for, directed, and produced MTV's "Sifl and Olly Show".

neg: Rod Webber Rod Webber is an American musician, filmmaker and actor. Though, in his early music career he shared the stage with anti-folk acts Daniel Johnston ("The Devil and Daniel Johnston") and Kimya Dawson, (former Moldy Peaches) Webber is probably best known for his improvisational films and documentaries, many of which were created using Webber's personal manifesto which is sited in various publications about the filmmaker.

neg: Fred Frith Jeremy Webster "Fred" Frith (born 17 February 1949) is an English multi-instrumentalist, composer, and improvisor.

neg: Ryan Dunn Ryan Matthew Dunn (June 11, 1977 – June 20, 2011) was an American stunt performer, television personality, comedian, actor, writer, musician, and one of the stars of the MTV reality stunt show "Jackass".

neg: "Weird Al" Yankovic Alfred Matthew "Weird Al" Yankovic ( ; born October 23, 1959) is an American singer, songwriter, parodist, record producer, satirist, actor, voice actor, music video director, film producer, and author. He is known for his humorous songs that make light of popular culture and often parody specific songs by contemporary musical acts, original songs that are style pastiches of the work of other acts, and polka medleys of several popular songs, featuring his favored instrument, the accordion.

neg: Bryan Adams Bryan Guy Adams, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (born 5 November 1959) singer, songwriter, record producer, guitarist, photographer, philanthropist and activist.

neg: Wayne Baker Brooks Wayne Baker Brooks (born April 30, 1970, in Chicago, Illinois) is an American blues and blues-rock guitarist and singer.

neg: Mick Gallagher Michael William "Mick" Gallagher (born 29 October 1945) is an English Hammond organ player best known as a member of Ian Dury and the Blockheads and for his contributions to albums by the Clash. He has also written music for films such as "Extremes" (1971) and "After Midnight" (1990), and the Broadway play "Serious Money" (1987).

neg: Brad Roberts Bradley Kenneth "Brad" Roberts (born January 10, 1964) is the lead singer and guitarist for the Canadian folk-rock band Crash Test Dummies. He sings in the bass-baritone range.

neg: Brian Ritchie Brian Ritchie (born 21 November 1960) is the bass guitarist for the alternative rock band Violent Femmes.

neg: Butch Walker Bradley Glenn "Butch" Walker (born November 14, 1969) is an American recording artist, songwriter, and record producer. He was the lead guitarist for the glam metal band SouthGang from the late 1980s to early 1990s as well as the lead vocalist and guitarist for rock band Marvelous 3 from 1997 until 2001.


query: Great WAgon Road was an improved trail through one of the major landform features of eastern North America, and stretches about 1200 miles from Quebec to where?

pos: Great Wagon Road The Great Wagon Road was an improved trail through the Great Appalachian Valley from Pennsylvania to North Carolina, and from there to Georgia in colonial America.

pos: Great Appalachian Valley The Great Valley, also called the Great Appalachian Valley or Great Valley Region, is one of the major landform features of eastern North America. It is a gigantic trough—a chain of valley lowlands—and the central feature of the Appalachian Mountain system. The trough stretches about 1200 mi from Quebec to Alabama and has been an important north-south route of travel since prehistoric times.

neg: Selkirk Mountains The Selkirk Mountains are a mountain range spanning the northern portion of the Idaho Panhandle, eastern Washington, and southeastern British Columbia. They begin at Mica Peak near Spokane and extend approximately 320 km north (200 miles) from the border to Kinbasket Lake, at the now-inundated location of the onetime fur company post Boat Encampment. The range is bounded on its west, northeast and at its northern extremity by the Columbia River, or the reservoir lakes now filling most of that river's course. From the Columbia's confluence with the Beaver River, they are bounded on their east by the "Purcell Trench", which contains the Beaver River, Duncan River, Duncan Lake, Kootenay Lake and the Kootenay River. The Selkirks are distinct from, and geologically older than, the Rocky Mountains. Together with the neighboring Monashee and Purcell Mountains, and sometimes including the Cariboo Mountains to the northwest, the Selkirks are part of a larger grouping known as the Columbia Mountains. A scenic highway loop, the International Selkirk Loop, encircles the southern portions of the mountain range.

neg: Quebec Route 116 Route 116 is an east/west highway on the south shore of the Saint Lawrence River in Quebec, Canada. Until the mid-1970s it was known as Route 9. Its eastern terminus is in Lévis at the junction of Route 132, and the western terminus is at the junction of Route 134 in Lemoyne part of a concurrency with Route 112 until Saint-Hubert just south of the Saint-Hubert Municipal Airport. The stretch between Lévis and Plessisville does not have much traffic, since Autoroute 20 is not that far from the highway. Between Plessisville and Richmond traffic is heavier as it passes bigger towns, and it is further away from Autoroute 20. From Richmond to Autoroute 20 (which it overlaps for 6 km), it is quiet again, before reaching Saint-Hyacinthe, where it becomes a busy four-lane separated highway, going through the growing "South Shore" suburbs of Montreal. From the junction of Autoroute 30 to its western terminus, it is a controlled-access Autoroute-grade expressway. This portion was once envisioned to be part of Autoroute 16. An unofficial extension of Route 116 as thought of by locals, from the western terminus follows the Route 134 limited access expressway to the Jacques Cartier Bridge.

neg: Great North Woods The Great North Woods are spread across four northeastern U.S. states: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont and New York and into the Canadian province of Quebec, from the Down East lakes to the Adirondack Mountains. Collectively, the Great North Woods make up a 26 million acre (105,000 km²) forestland.

neg: Matapedia Valley The Matapedia Valley (French: "vallée de la Matapédia") was formed by the Chic-Choc Mountains of eastern Québec. Its name is derived from the river that traverses the valley, as well as the lake that lies in its center. It is situated in the southwest of the Gaspé Peninsula and stretches 375 km .

neg: Wapack Range The Wapack Range, sometimes referred to as the Pack Monadnock Range, is a 20 mi range of mountains in south-central New Hampshire and adjacent Massachusetts, in the northeastern United States. The range is considered very scenic and rugged with many bare summits and ledges ranging from 1800 to . The 22 mi Wapack Trail, one of the oldest interstate hiking trails in the United States, traverses it. The Wapack Range is also the northern terminus of the 90 mi Midstate Trail.

neg: Natchez Trace Trail The Natchez Trace Trail is a designated National Scenic Trail in the United States, whose route generally follows sections of the 444 mi Natchez Trace Parkway through the states of Tennessee, Alabama, and Mississippi. The Natchez Trace Trail is not envisioned as a long, continuous footpath, as is the case with other national scenic trails (such as the Appalachian Trail); rather, only a limited number of trail segments along the route, currently over 60 mi of trail, have been developed for hiking and horseback riding. Moreover, the Natchez Trace Trail, unlike many others that rely heavily on volunteers for trail construction and maintenance, is managed and maintained by the National Park Service. Sections of the trail follow along the Natchez Trace Parkway road shoulder, and cross county and state roads.

neg: Great Minquas Path Great Minquas Path (or The Great Trail) was a 17th-century trade route that ran through southeastern Pennsylvania from the Susquehanna River, near Conestoga, to the Schuylkill River, opposite Philadelphia. The 80-mile (130 km) east-west trail was the primary route for fur trading with the Minquas (or Susquehannock) people. Dutch, Swedish and English settlers fought one another for control of it.

neg: Saint Francis River (Canada–United States) The St. Francis River (French: "Rivière Saint-François") is a river roughly 75 mi long, which forms part of the Canada–United States border. The river rises ( ) in a lake of the same name located 12 mi east of the Rivière du Loup in Quebec. The portion that forms the boundary starts at the bottom of Lake Pohenegamook at the very northernmost point of New England between Estcourt Station, Maine, and Estcourt, Quebec. The river along the international boundary flows south and then south-east through two deep, narrow lakes to its mouth on the Saint John River at St. Francis, Maine/Saint-François-de-Madawaska, New Brunswick.

neg: U.S. Route 2 in Vermont U.S. Route 2 (US 2) is a part of the U.S. Highway System that is split into two segments. Its eastern segment runs from Rouses Point, New York, to Houlton, Maine. In Vermont, US 2 extends 151.604 mi from the New York state line in Alburgh to the New Hampshire state line in Guildhall. West of Vermont, US 2 continues into New York for another 0.87 mi to an intersection with US 11 in Rouses Point. US 2 passes through the cities of Burlington and Montpelier as it traverses the state. The Burlington to Montpelier route was first laid out as a toll road in the early 19th century. It was later incorporated into the transcontinental auto trail known as the Theodore Roosevelt International Highway in 1919 before being designated as part of US 2 in 1926.

neg: Great Lakes Basin The Great Lakes Basin consists of the Great Lakes and the surrounding lands of the states of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin in the United States, and the province of Ontario in Canada, whose direct surface runoff and watersheds form a large drainage basin that feeds into the lakes. It is generally considered to also include a small area around and beyond Wolfe Island, Ontario, at the east end of Lake Ontario, which does not drain into the Great lakes, but into the Saint Lawrence River.

neg: Hudson Bay Lowlands Hudson Bay Lowlands are a vast wetland located between the Canadian Shield and southern shores of Hudson Bay and James Bay. Most of the area lies within the province of Ontario, with smaller portions reaching into Manitoba and Quebec. Many wide and slow-moving rivers flow through this area toward the salt water of Hudson Bay: these include the Churchill, Nelson and Hayes in Manitoba, Severn, Fawn, Winisk, Asheweig, Ekwan, Attawapiskat, and Albany in Ontario, and the Harricana, Rupert and Eastmain in Quebec. This is the largest wetland in Canada, and one of the largest in the world. The region can be subdivided into three bands running roughly northwest to southeast: the Coastal Hudson Bay Lowland (a narrow band along the northern coast), Hudson Bay Lowland (a broader band extending to slightly south of the Ekwan River), and James Bay Lowland (all the rest of the southern/eastern lands, making up close to 50% of the total Lowlands area).

neg: Douglas Road The Douglas Road, a.k.a. the Lillooet Trail, Harrison Trail or Lakes Route, was a goldrush-era transportation route from the British Columbia Coast to the Interior (NB another route known as the Lillooet Trail was the Lillooet Cattle Trail, which used some of the same route but was built 25 years later). Over 30,000 men are reckoned to have travelled the route in, although by the end of the 1860s it was virtually abandoned due to the construction of the Cariboo Wagon Road, which bypassed the region.

neg: Bay of Quinte The Bay of Quinte is a long, narrow bay shaped like the letter "Z" on the northern shore of Lake Ontario in the province of Ontario, Canada. It is just west of the head of the Saint Lawrence River that drains the Great Lakes into the Gulf of Saint Lawrence. It is located about 200 kilometres east of Toronto and 400 kilometres west of Montreal.

neg: Grande-Île, Quebec Grande-Île is an island in the St. Lawrence River in Quebec, Canada, near Salaberry-de-Valleyfield. Part of the Hochelaga Archipelago, the island connects the Beauharnois-Salaberry and the Vaudreuil-Soulanges regions over the Saint Lawrence River via the Pont Monseigneur Langlois. Grande-Île was also the name of a municipality on the island which merged with Salaberry-de-Valleyfield on January 1, 2002.

neg: Old Dawson Trail The Old Dawson Trail is the remnant of the first all-Canadian route that linked the Great Lakes with the Canadian prairies. It was a water and land route that began at Fort William (now Thunder Bay, Ontario) and ended at St. Boniface (now Winnipeg, Manitoba). The land portions of the trail are usually referred to as Dawson Road.

neg: Appalachia Appalachia ( ) is a cultural region in the Eastern United States that stretches from the Southern Tier of New York to northern Alabama, Mississippi and Georgia. While the Appalachian Mountains stretch from Belle Isle (Newfoundland and Labrador) in Canada to Cheaha Mountain in Alabama, the cultural region of Appalachia typically refers only to the central and southern portions of the range. As of the 2010 United States Census, the region was home to approximately 25 million people.

neg: Cooke's Wagon Road Cooke's Wagon Road or Cooke's Road was the first wagon road between the Rio Grande and the Colorado River to San Diego, through the Mexican provinces of Nuevo México, Chihuahua, Sonora and Alta California, established by Philip St. George Cooke and the Mormon Battalion, from October 19, 1846 to January 29, 1847 during the Mexican American War. It became the first of the wagon routes between New Mexico and California that with subsequent modifications before and during the California Gold Rush eventually became known as the Southern Trail or Southern Emigrant Trail.

neg: Great Parks Bicycle Route The Great Parks Bicycle Route is a two-part bicycle touring route developed and mapped by Adventure Cycling Association. Great Parks North runs 751.5 miles (1209.4 km) from Jasper, Alberta, Canada, to Missoula, Montana, U.S. Great Parks South extends 694.5 miles from Steamboat Springs, Colorado, to Durango, Colorado. When combined with a portion of the TransAmerica Bicycle Trail, the Great Parks Route can be ridden continuously from Jasper to Durango for a total mileage of 2512 miles (4042.6 km). The route passes through Jasper National Park, Banff National Park, Kootenay National Park, and Waterton Lakes National Park in Canada. Crossing into the United States, the route passes through Glacier National Park, Yellowstone National Park, Grand Teton National Park, Rocky Mountain National Park, Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park, and Mesa Verde National Park before arriving in Durango.

neg: Estabrook Woods The Estabrook Woods is a wild tract of more than 1200 acre of woodland, hills, ledge, and swamp two miles (3 km) north of the Town of Concord. It is the largest contiguous and undeveloped woodland within thirty miles of Boston. However, the woods have a history of human disturbance dating back to the Algonquian Native Americans who used controlled burning to clear tracts of land. Later, colonists cleared much of Estabrook for agriculture and pastures, although vegetation has since rejuvenated. The Woods are named for the Estabrook family, prominent in the area since colonial times. The first Estabrook in the area, Capt. Joseph, purchased his farm, now part of Estabrook Woods, from the Pelham family, then of Rhode Island.

neg: U.S. Route 12 U.S. Route 12 (US 12) is an east–west United States highway, running from Aberdeen, Washington to Detroit, Michigan, for almost 2500 mi . As a thoroughfare, it has mostly been supplanted by I-90 and I-94, but remains an important road for local and regional travel.


query: What single was popularized by Ronan Keating in 1999?

pos: Ronan Keating Ronan Patrick John Keating (born 3 March 1977) is an Irish recording artist, singer, musician, and philanthropist. He debuted in 1994 alongside Keith Duffy, Michael Graham, Shane Lynch, and Stephen Gately, as the lead singer of Irish group Boyzone. His solo career started in 1999 and has recorded nine albums. He gained worldwide attention when his single "When You Say Nothing at All" was featured in the film "Notting Hill" and peaked at number one in several countries. As a solo artist, he has sold over 20 million records worldwide alongside the 25 million records with Boyzone, and in Australia, he is best known as a judge on "The X Factor" from 2010 until 2014 and a coach on "The Voice" in 2016. Keating is active in charity work and has been a charity campaigner for the Marie Keating Foundation, which raises awareness for breast cancer and is named after his mother who died from the disease in 1998.

pos: When You Say Nothing at All "When You Say Nothing at All" is a country song written by Paul Overstreet and Don Schlitz. It is among the best-known hit songs for three different performers: Keith Whitley, who took it to the top of the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart on December 24, 1988; Alison Krauss, whose version was her first solo top-10 country hit in 1995; and Irish pop singer Ronan Keating, whose version was his first solo single and a chart-topper in the United Kingdom and Ireland in 1999.

neg: Have a Look "Have a Look" is the debut single by Australian singer-songwriter Vanessa Amorosi, released in July 1999. It reached No. 13 on the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) Singles Chart and achieved Gold status in seven weeks. It was produced by Steve Mac (Boyzone, Five, Westlife) and was later included on her debut album "The Power" (2000).

neg: Isn't It a Wonder Isn't It a Wonder is a song by Irish boy band Boyzone from their second studio album, "A Different Beat". The song was written by Ronan Keating, Ray Hedges, and Martin Brannigan, and it was produced by Hedges and remixed by Mark "Spike" Stent for its single release. It was released as the album's third single on 10 March 1997 by Polydor Records. The single reached number two in the UK Singles Chart (behind the Spice Girls' "Mama" / "Who Do You Think You Are"), becoming their first single from "A Different Beat" not to reach number one.

neg: She's in Fashion "She's in Fashion" is the second single from the album "Head Music" by Suede. It was released on 21 June 1999 and Peaked at no 13 on the UK Singles Chart.

neg: How Do I Deal "How Do I Deal" is a song by Jennifer Love Hewitt from the soundtrack to the film "I Still Know What You Did Last Summer" and was released as a single in January 1999 with an accompanying music video. The single has become Hewitt's one and only appearance on the "Billboard" Hot 100 U.S. singles chart, peaking at number 59 in a seven-week run. Although not a huge success in America, the single reached number 5 in New Zealand, and peaked at number 8 in Australia, earning Hewitt a pop star title there.

neg: Never Had a Dream Come True "Never Had a Dream Come True" is a song by British pop group S Club 7, released as a single on 27 November 2000. It was chosen to be the official 2000 BBC Children in Need song. The single peaked at the top of the UK Singles Chart, becoming Britain's ninth best-selling single of 2000. Internationally, it peaked within the top ten of the charts in the Republic of Ireland, Sweden and the United States. After its success, it was added to a re-release of the band's second album, "7".

neg: Inside (Monica song) "Inside" is an R&B song from Monica's second studio album, "The Boy Is Mine". It was released outside US as the album's fourth single in early 1999. Chart positions are currently unknown. The video, directed by Earle Sebastian (known for his work for Madonna, Mary J. Blige, Destiny's Child, among others) only received airplay in Europe as promotion for the album.

neg: Anton aus Tirol "Anton aus Tirol" is a song recorded by Austrian artist Anton featuring DJ Ötzi. It was released in 1999 as the lead single from the album, "Das Album".

neg: Blue (Da Ba Dee) "Blue (Da Ba Dee)" is a song by the Italian music group Eiffel 65. It was released on 15 January 1999 as the lead single from their debut album "Europop". The song is the group's most popular single, reaching number one in many countries such as Ireland, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, France, Sweden, Switzerland, New Zealand, Finland, Norway, Australia, and Germany, as well as reaching number six on the "Billboard" Hot 100 in the United States. In the United Kingdom, the song originally entered the top 40 purely on import sales. It was only the third single to do this.

neg: Last to Know (Human Nature song) "Last to Know" is a song by Human Nature, released as the second single from their album second studio album "Counting Down" (1999). The song peaked at No. 14 in Australia and was certified Gold.

neg: Maniac 2000 "Maniac 2000" is a song produced by Simon Fitzpatrick and Tim Hannigan featuring vocals performed by Mark McCabe and Shelley Bukspan. It was released in Ireland in February 2000 and reached number one in the Irish Singles Chart, staying at that position for ten weeks (March 4 – May 6). It is the fifth best-selling single in the history of the chart. The song has achieved cult status in Ireland.

neg: Mina n° 0 Mina n° 0 is an album by Italian singer Mina, released in 1999.

neg: Eamonn Toal Eamonn Toal (born in Castleblayney, Ireland) is an Irish singer and showman who performed on Eurovision in 2000 with the song "Millennium of Love". With 92 points, he came in sixth position.

neg: Unbreakable (Westlife song) "Unbreakable" is a song recorded by Irish boy band Westlife. It was released on 4 November 2002 as the first single from their first greatest hits album, "" (2002).

neg: The Day You Come "The Day You Come" is the single album from the third studio album by Powderfinger. It was released as a single on 10 August 1998 by Universal Music Group. It won the 1999 ARIA Music Award for Single of the Year.

neg: 17 Again (song) "17 Again" is a song recorded by the British pop music duo Eurythmics. The song appears on the band's 1999 album, "Peace", and was released as the second single from the album in the UK in early 2000.

neg: Move Your Body (Eiffel 65 song) "Move Your Body" is a song by Italian group Eiffel 65. It was released as the second single from their album "Europop", on 30 November 1999.

neg: Bit by Bit "Bit by Bit" is a song recorded by Canadian country music artist John Landry. It was released in 1999 as the second single from his debut album, "Forever Took Too Long". It peaked at number 9 on the "RPM" Country Tracks chart on October 4, 1999.

neg: Westlife (album) Westlife is the self-titled debut studio album by Irish boy band Westlife. The album was released on 1 November 1999 through RCA. The album spawned the five UK number-one hit singles "Swear It Again", "If I Let You Go", "Flying Without Wings", the double A-side "I Have a Dream"/"Seasons in the Sun", and "Fool Again".

neg: Runaway (The Corrs song) "Runaway" is the debut single by the Irish family band The Corrs. It was released in September 1995, and had middling chart success except in Ireland and Australia, where it peaked at #10. In the UK Singles Chart, it reached #49. It was re-released in 1999 and was much more successful, reaching #2 in the UK.

neg: He Didn't Have to Be "He Didn't Have to Be" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Brad Paisley. It was released in August 1999 as the second single from his debut album, "Who Needs Pictures". It became his first number one single in December 1999, holding the top spot for one week.


query: What type of plant are the Ceropegia and the Cassipourea?

pos: Ceropegia Ceropegia is a genus of plants within the family Apocynaceae, native to Africa, southern Asia, and Australia. It was named by Carl Linnaeus, who first described this genus in volume 1 of his "Species plantarum", which appeared in 1753. Linnaeus thought that the flowers looked like a fountain of wax. From this the scientific name was derived: ‘"keros"’ meaning wax and ‘"pege"’ meaning fountain (Pooley, 1998). They have many common names including lantern flower, parasol flower, parachute flower, bushman’s pipe, string of hearts, snake creeper, wine-glass vine, rosary vine, and necklace vine.

pos: Cassipourea Cassipourea is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rhizophoraceae. There are about 40 species. The genus is divided into several subgenera, based mainly on the structure of the flowers.

neg: Lepidobotryaceae Lepidobotryaceae is a flowering plant family in the order Celastrales. It contains only two genera, each with a single species: "Lepidobotrys staudtii" and "Ruptiliocarpon caracolito".

neg: Cephalocroton Cephalocroton is a genus of plant of the family Euphorbiaceae first described as a genus in 1841. It is native to central, eastern, and southern Africa from Nigeria and Ethiopia south to KwaZulu-Natal.

neg: Casasia Casasia is a genus of flowering plants in the Rubiaceae family. These shrubs or small trees occur on the Caribbean islands and in one case (Seven-year Apple, "C. clusiifolia") in Florida. Some of the ten accepted species were formerly placed elsewhere, e.g. in the related genip-tree genus ("Genipa"), in "Gardenia" or in "Randia".

neg: Copiapoa cinerea Copiapoa cinerea is a species of the genus "Copiapoa" in the family of Cactaceae. The epithet "cinerea" comes from the Latin word for ash, by reference to the colour of the epidermis.

neg: Canotia Canotia holacantha, also known as crucifixion thorn or simply canotia, is a flowering shrub / small tree in the family Celastraceae. It is the only species in the genus Canotia.

neg: Cassava Manihot esculenta (commonly called cassava ( ), yuca, manioc, "mandioca" and Brazilian arrowroot) is a woody shrub native to South America of the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae. It is extensively cultivated as an annual crop in tropical and subtropical regions for its edible starchy tuberous root, a major source of carbohydrates. Though it is often called yuca in Spanish and in the United States, it differs from yucca, an unrelated fruit-bearing shrub in the family Asparagaceae. Cassava, when dried to a powdery (or pearly) extract, is called tapioca; its fermented, flaky version is named "garri".

neg: Ceropegia sandersonii Ceropegia sandersonii is a species of flowering plant in the genus "Ceropegia" (Apocynaceae), native to Mozambique, South Africa, and Swaziland. Common names are parachute plant, fountain flower, and umbrella plant.

neg: Cryptostegia grandiflora Cryptostegia grandiflora, commonly known as rubber vine, is a woody-perennial vine that is native to south-west Madagascar. It is also a significant weed in northern Australia, sometimes regarded as the worst weed in all of Australia. It has also been introduced to most other tropical and subtropical regions by man, because of its attractive flowers and the fact that its latex contains commercial quality rubber (hence the name). It is now naturalised in the Caribbean, East Africa, Mauritius, India, Southeast Asia, Indonesia, Latin America, the southern United States, Fiji and New Caledonia.

neg: Sapotoideae The Sapotoideae are a subfamily of the flowering plant family Sapotaceae. Plants in the subfamily are characterized by their leather-like leaves, often growing in a stipule fashion.

neg: Menispermaceae Menispermaceae is a family of flowering plants. Tubocurare, a neuromuscular blocker and active ingredient in curare, is derived from plants of this family. The family contains 68 genera with some 440 species, which are distributed throughout low-lying tropical areas with some species present in temperate and arid regions.

neg: Ceratocystis obpyriformis Ceratocystis obpyriformis is a plant-pathogenic saprobic fungal species first found in Africa, infecting "Acacia mearnsii" and "Eucalyptus" species.

neg: Myoporum crassifolium Myoporum crassifolium is a plant in the figwort family, Scrophulariaceae. It is a shrub or small tree with thick, fleshy leaves and small groups of white flowers spotted with pink or purple. It is endemic to New Caledonia, Vanuatu and the Loyalty Islands and is a rich source of the essential oil, bisabolol.

neg: Strophanthus Strophanthus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1802. It is native primarily to tropical Africa, extending to South Africa, with a few species in Asia from southern India to New Guinea and southern China. The name ("strophos anthos", "twisted flower") derives from the long, twisted, threadlike segments of the corolla, which attain a length of 30–35 cm in "S. preussii".

neg: Sairocarpus Sairocarpus is a genus of the family Plantaginaceae, and is one of a group of plants commonly known as 'snapdragons'. It has twelve accepted species and is being considered to include many species formerly considered as New World species of "Antirrhinum".

neg: Cercocarpus Cercocarpus, commonly known as mountain mahogany, is a small genus of five or six species of nitrogen-fixing flowering plants in the rose family, Rosaceae. They are native to the western United States and northern Mexico, where they grow in chaparral and semidesert habitats and climates, often at high altitudes. Several are found in the California chaparral and woodlands ecoregion.

neg: Ceratocapnos claviculata Ceratocapnos claviculata, the climbing corydalis, is a weak scrambling plant in the Papaveraceae family. It is endemic to Europe, growing mostly near the Atlantic fringe.

neg: Peritassa killipii Peritassa killipii is a species of plant in the Celastraceae family. It is endemic to Peru.

neg: Cassine koordersii Cassine koordersii is a species of plant in the Celastraceae family. It is endemic to Java in Indonesia. It is a critically endangered species threatened by habitat loss.

neg: Digitalis laevigata Digitalis laevigata, common name Grecian Foxglove or Giraffe Foxglove, is a species of flowering plant in the genus "Digitalis", in the family Plantaginaceae.

neg: Leucaena Leucaena is a genus of flowering plants in the mimosoid clade of the subfamily Caesalpinioideae of the legume family Fabaceae. It contains about 24 species of trees and shrubs, which are commonly known as leadtrees. They are native to the Americas, ranging from Texas in the United States south to Peru. The generic name is derived from the Greek word λευκός ("leukos"), meaning "white," referring to the flowers.


query: What is the name of the 2013 rock band tour that Jung Yong-hwa is the lead singer of?

pos: Blue Moon World Tour 2013 CNBLUE Blue Moon World Tour was the 2013 live concert tour of South Korean rock band CNBLUE in support of their fifth EP, "", which was released on 14 January 2013. The world tour commenced, at the conclusion of promotional activities in South Korea, with one show in Taiwan in April 2013 and scheduled concerts for Singapore, Thailand, Hong Kong, South Korea, Australia, Philippines and Malaysia, thru August 2013. Subsequent concert dates added China and Indonesia; and extended the tour into January 2014, for concerts in the United States,Mexico, Peru, and the final concert in Chile, for a total of 20 concerts in 14 countries and 18 cities.

pos: CNBLUE CNBLUE (Korean: 씨엔블루 ) is a South Korean pop rock band formed in 2009. The lineup originally consisted of Jung Yong-hwa (leader, guitar, main vocals, rap), Lee Jong-hyun (guitar, vocals), Kang Min-hyuk (drums), and Kwon Kwang-jin (bass), and they released their debut Japanese mini-album "Now or Never" in 2009. Kwon Kwang-jin left the band shortly after and was replaced by Lee Jung-shin (bass, rap).

neg: Teenager (Jung Joon Young album) TEENAGER is the second EP by South Korean rock singer, Jung Joon-young, released by CJ E&M on June 26, 2014, as the follow-up to his 1st mini album, which was released in October, 2013.

neg: Jaurim Jaurim (자우림, 紫雨林, meaning "Purple Rainforest") is a rock band from Seoul, South Korea. They had performed in the indie scene before 1997, and became major with their first released single 'Hey Hey Hey' (an original soundtrack of 꽃을 든 남자, A Man who is holding Flowers). They have released nine full-length albums, three unofficial albums, two original soundtrack singles, one original soundtrack EP (which was released as a digital single), and one concert album. Their ninth full-length album, 'goodbye, grief' (part of their "25 Waiting for 21 Project"), was released on October 14, 2013. The band is praised for their arrangements, and singer Kim Yoon-Ah is often praised for her singing abilities and lyrics. Their drummer, Goo Tae-Hoon has run a major live club in Korea, 'Soundholic', since 2003; as well as the record label of the same name.

neg: 2013 Summer Tour The 2013 Summer Tour was a co-headlining tour by American bands Matchbox Twenty and the Goo Goo Dolls. Beginning in June 2013, the tour supported the band's albums, "North" and "Magnetic" respectfully. The tour included more than 30 dates in the United States and Canada.

neg: List of BTS concert tours The South Korean boy band BTS held their first concert tour, "2014 BTS Live Trilogy – Episode II: The Red Bullet", throughout October, November, and December. They toured South Korea, the Philippines, Singapore, Japan, Thailand, and Malaysia. The following year, they went on multiple concert tours in South Korea and Japan, and went on their first world tour with "", which attracted 80,000 spectators at 18 cities in 13 countries. In 2015, the group's went on their second world tour, "", continued with stops in Malaysia, Latin America, Australia and the United States, and ended in Hong Kong on August 29. They also held a three-day concert tour, "The Most Beautiful Moment in Life: On Stage," from November 27–29, to support the release of their album "The Most Beautiful Moment in Life, Part 2". The next year, they went on Asia Tour "2016 BTS LIVE Hwa Yang Yeon Hwa On Stage: Epilogue". In 2017, they begin the new . The tour visited 17 cities in 10 countries around the world.

neg: Sinawe Sinawe (Korean: 시나위 ) is a heavy metal/rock band from South Korea. Led by guitarist and sole constant member Shin Daechul, they are credited as being the first heavy metal band in South Korea. During its golden age in the late 1980s and mid 1990s, many now renowned musicians such as Yim Jae-beom, Kim Jong-seo, Seo Taiji and Bada Kim improved their musical abilities while members of Sinawe.

neg: List of Girls' Generation concert tours South Korean girl group Girls' Generation (Hangul:  ; "So Nyeo Si Dae"), known as Shoujo Jidai in Japan, have embarked on three concert tours across Asia, playing to more than 500,000 people. They embarked on their first tour, Into The New World Tour in November 2009, which then continued into 2010. Their next tour, The First Japan Tour in support of their first Japanese studio album "Girls' Generation" was played to more than 300,000 people, and saw two sold-out audiences at the Saitama Super Arena to a combined audience of 74,000 people. The group followed up the success of their Japan tour by embarking on their eponymously titled third tour, the Girls' Generation Tour and had the group perform in Hong Kong for the first time. The group toured Japan for the second time, in 2013, with a total of 20 stops on their . In addition to their own songs, the group perform cover versions of their favorite artists, such as Britney Spears.

neg: Ryu Hwa-young Ryu Hwa-young (born April 22, 1993), better known by the mononym Hwayoung, is a South Korean singer and actress. She is a former member of South Korean girl group T-ara.

neg: Voodoo (VIXX album) Voodoo is the first studio album by the South Korean boy band VIXX. It was released on November 25, 2013 under the label of Jellyfish Entertainment. It features two singles, with the track "Voodoo Doll" being the last promoted.

neg: Lee Jong-hyun Lee Jong-hyun (Hangul: 이종현; ] ; born on May 15, 1990) is a South Korean musician, singer-songwriter and actor. He is the lead guitarist and vocalist of South Korean rock band CNBLUE.

neg: The Mood (EP) The Mood is the 5th mini album by South Korean rock band F.T. Island. It was released in South Korea on November 18, 2013 by FNC Music and distributed by Mnet Media. It features the song “Madly,” a rock ballad. Members Choi Jong-hoon, Lee Jae-jin, and Lee Hong-gi each composed a song for the album. The record placed first on Hanteo's weekly album chart, as well as on Gaon Chart. Preorders of the album lead the HMV online chart in Japan.

neg: Lee Hong-gi Lee Hong-gi (; ] ; Japanese:イ•ホンギ) is a South Korean singer-songwriter, actor, writer, and fashion designer. He is best known for his singing abilities and being the main singer of the South Korean rock band F.T. Island. Lee released his first solo extended play "FM302" in South Korea on 18 November 2015 and his Japanese album "AM302" on 9 December 2015.

neg: The Return (Shinhwa album) The Return is the tenth studio album of South Korean boy band Shinhwa, in commemoration of their 14th anniversary. It was released on 23 March 2012 by Shinhwa Company and distributed by CJ E&M Music. The album and its associated concerts, "", marks their comeback to the music industry after a four-year hiatus, since their 10th anniversary concert and album "Volume 9" in 2008, during which band members served individual mandatory military services.

neg: Shinee World II Shinee World II (promoted as SHINee CONCERT "SHINee WORLD II") is the second concert tour by South Korean boy group, Shinee. The tour, travelling to different cities across Asia, began in Seoul on July 21, 2012.

neg: Super Show 6 Super Show 6 is the third world concert tour and sixth international tour by South Korean boy band Super Junior, in support of their seventh studio album, "Mamacita". The world tour commenced with three shows in Seoul from 19 to 21 September 2015 and hit a total of 100 concerts for its Super Show series.

neg: Asia Tour The Asia Tour was planned to be the eleventh concert tour by Canadian singer Celine Dion. The tour was organized to support the English language album "Loved Me Back to Life", and was scheduled to take place in October and November 2014. It would have marked Dion's first concerts in Asia since the Taking Chances World Tour in 2008. While Japan and the Philippines were the only confirmed stops of the tour, it has been revealed that the singer was planned to be performing dates in several Asian countries for the very first time.

neg: IKon (South Korean band) iKon (Hangul: 아이콘 ), stylized as iKON, is a South Korean boy band formed in 2015 by YG Entertainment. The group was first introduced in the reality survival program "WIN: Who is Next" as "Team B." After that, Team B went on to appear in the 2014 reality survival program "Mix & Match", which determined the final seven-member lineup of iKon: B.I, Bobby, Jay, Ju-ne, Song, DK and Chan.

neg: The First Japan Arena Tour (Girls' Generation) The First Japan Arena Tour is the first Japanese concert tour by South Korean girl group Girls' Generation to promote their 2011 self-titled album in Japanese.

neg: Nell (band) Nell (Hangul: 넬) is a Korean indie rock band formed in 2001. The band consists of lead vocalist, keyboardist and guitarist Kim Jong-wan, lead guitarist Lee Jae-kyong, bass guitarist Lee Jung-hoon and drummer Jung Jae-won. The group was named after the film, "Nell", that starred Jodie Foster. The band is known for their gloomy and psychedelic sound, and has achieved fame with hits such as "Stay" from ', "Thank You" from ', "Good Night" from ' and "기억을 걷는 시간" (Time Walking On Memory) from '. Their third studio album "Healing Process" was chosen as one of five best recordings of the year by South Korean critics. Nell's fourth studio album "Separation Anxiety" was a hit in South Korea, ranking number one in various album charts.

neg: Live World Tour Live World Tour was the fourth headlining World tour by American boy band, Big Time Rush. The tour was in support of Big Time Rush's third studio album "24/Seven" released in 2013. The tour began on February 7, 2014 in Grand Prairie Texas. Ticketing presales for the shows started on December 10, 2013.

neg: N-Train N-Train (Korean: 엔트레인 ) was a South Korean boy band, signed under MediaLine Entertainment. The group consisted of five members: Jung Jung Kyun, Jung Seung Hyun, Lee Jong Min, Song Yu Jin and Kim Sang Woo.


query: Who besides Liam is the brother of the current WBC Silver super featherweight champion?

pos: Liam Smith (boxer) Liam Smith (born 27 July 1988) is a British professional boxer. He held the WBO light-middleweight title from 2015 to 2016, having previously held the Commonwealth light-middleweight title from 2012 to 2013, and the British light-middleweight title from 2013 to 2015. Liam is the younger brother of Paul Smith and Stephen Smith, and the older brother of Callum Smith; all of whom are also professional boxers.

pos: Stephen Smith (boxer) Stephen Francis Smith (born 22 July 1984 is a British professional boxer. He is the current WBC Silver super featherweight champion and a former British featherweight and British super featherweight champion, he is also a former Commonwealth featherweight champion.

neg: Artem Levin Artem Valeryevich Levin (Russian: Артё́м Вале́рьевич Ле́вин ; born December 8, 1986), also known as Artem "The Lion" Levin, is a Russian light heavyweight Muay Thai kickboxer fighting out of Prokopyevsk. He is the current World Muay Thai Council (WMC) Intercontinental and EMF European Muay Thai champion. He is the former Glory Middleweight Champion. As of 24 July 2017, he is ranked the #3 middleweight in the world by LiverKick.com.

neg: Abner Mares Abner Mares Martínez (born November 28, 1985) is a Mexican-American professional boxer who has held the WBA (Regular) featherweight title since 2016. He is a four-time world champion in three weight classes, having previously held the IBF bantamweight title from 2011 to 2012; the WBC super bantamweight title from 2012 to 2013; and the WBC featherweight title in 2013. Additionally he held the IBO bantamweight title from 2010 to 2011. As an amateur, Mares won numerous medals at international tournaments while representing Mexico. He grew up in the city of Hawaiian Gardens, California and holds dual citizenship with the United States and Mexico.

neg: Óscar Larios Óscar Larios (born November 1, 1976) is a professional boxer from Mexico and former WBC Super Bantamweight and Featherweight champion. He is trained by Jose "Chepo" Reynoso.

neg: Luis Nery (boxer) Luis Nery (born "Luis Esteban Neri Hernández"; born December 12, 1994) is a Mexican professional boxer who has held the WBC and "The Ring" bantamweight titles since August 2017.

neg: Eleider Álvarez Eléyder Álvarez Baytar (born April 8, 1984), best known as Eleider Álvarez, is a Colombian professional boxer who has held the WBC Silver light-heavyweight title since 2014. As an amateur he won a gold medal at the 2007 Pan American Games in the light-heavyweight division.

neg: Ramón García Hirales Ramón García Hirales (born September 10, 1982 in La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico) is a Mexican professional boxer who held the WBO light flyweight title in 2011. He is the twin brother of ex-WBO and IBF minimumweight world champion Raúl García.

neg: Danny García Danny Óscar García (born March 20, 1988) is an American professional boxer. He is a former two-weight world champion, having held the unified WBA (Super), WBC, "Ring" magazine, and lineal light welterweight titles between 2012 and 2015, and the WBC welterweight title from 2016 to 2017.

neg: Carlos Velásquez Carlos Iván Velásquez (born August 4, 1984 in Cataño, Puerto Rico) is a Puerto Rican amateur boxer best known as winning the featherweight title at the 20.Central American and Caribbean Games 2006 in Cartagena. He is the twin brother of Juan Carlos Velasquez.

neg: Gerry Peñalosa Geronimo "Gerry" Peñalosa (born August 7, 1972) is a Filipino former professional boxer who competed from 1989 to 2010. He is a two-weight world champion, having held the WBC and lineal super flyweight titles from 1997 to 1998, and the WBO bantamweight title from 2007 to 2009. Originally from San Carlos City, Peñalosa currently resides in Manila. He was trained mainly by Freddie Roach, and went on to become a boxing trainer himself after retirement. Peñalosa's older brother, Dodie Boy Peñalosa, is also a former boxer and world champion.

neg: Erik Skoglund (boxer) Erik Skoglund (born 24 May 1991) is a Swedish professional boxer. He currently holds the WBA International light heavyweight title. As of December 2016, he is ranked #12 in the world at light heavyweight. He previously held the IBO International light heavyweight title, the IBF Inter-Continental Light Heavyweight title, and the EBU-EU light heavyweight title which he defended three times.

neg: Bart Palaszewski Bart K. Palaszewski (] ; born May 30, 1983) is a retired Polish-American professional mixed martial artist who most recently competed in the UFC's Featherweight division. A professional competitor from 2002 until 2014, Palaszewski has also formerly competed for the WEC, the Quad Cities Silverbacks of the IFL, and King of the Cage.

neg: Clay Collard Clay Collard (born March 10, 1993) is an American professional mixed martial artist previously competed in the Featherweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship.

neg: Ricardo Álvarez (boxer) Ricardo Álvarez Barragán (born November 21, 1981), is a Mexican professional boxer in the Welterweight division. His brothers are Welterweights Ramón Álvarez, WBC Middleweight Champion Saúl Álvarez and former WBA World Light Middleweight Champion Rigoberto Álvarez.

neg: Cliff Couser Clifford Couser (born May 18, 1971) is a heavyweight boxer. Nicknamed "The Black Bull" and often "Twin Tyson" for his resemblance to Mike Tyson, Couser fought several contenders from his era. Couser has also claimed a numerous times to be the half brother of Mike Tyson.

neg: Juan Miguel Elorde Juan Miguel Elorde (born 25 October 1986) is a Filipino boxer. He is the reigning WBO Asia Pacific super bantamweight champion and goes undefeated since he won the championship title in 2015. He is currently ranked no. 4 WBO Super Bantamweight division. He is managed and promoted by his father Johnny Elorde.

neg: Nick Diaz Nicholas Robert "Nick" Diaz (born August 2, 1983) is an American professional mixed martial artist who is currently signed with the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). Since beginning his career in 2001, Diaz has competed in UFC, PRIDE, Strikeforce, EliteXC, World Extreme Cagefighting (WEC), DREAM, and Shooto. He is a former welterweight champion in Strikeforce and WEC, and is the older brother of Nate Diaz.

neg: Claressa Shields Claressa Maria Shields (born March 17, 1995) is an American professional boxer who has held the unified WBC and IBF female super middleweight titles since August 2017.

neg: Antônio Rodrigo Nogueira Antônio Rodrigo Nogueira (] , born June 2, 1976), better known as Minotauro, is a semi-retired Brazilian mixed martial artist known for his technical mastery of Brazilian jiu-jitsu. He won most of his fights via submissions. He competed in the heavyweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), where he is a former Interim UFC Heavyweight Champion. He is the twin brother of UFC fighter Antônio Rogério Nogueira. Nogueria rose to prominence in the Japanese promotion Pride Fighting Championships, where he was the first Pride Heavyweight Champion from November 2001 to March 2003, as well as a 2004 PRIDE FC Heavyweight Grand Prix Finalist. He is one of only three men to have held championship titles in both Pride Fighting Championships and the Ultimate Fighting Championship (the others being Mauricio Rua and Mark Coleman).

neg: Gamaliel Díaz Gamaliel Díaz Magaña (born February 14, 1981 in Tacámbaro, Michoacán, Mexico) is a Mexican professional boxer in the Super Featherweight division and the former WBC Super Featherweight champion. He is also the former NABF Featherweight, WBC Continental Americas Lightweight, and is the current WBC CABOFE Super Featherweight Champion.

neg: Ryan Brawley Ryan Brawley (born 2 February 1986) is a Scottish professional boxer fighting in the lightweight division. He was the winner of the sixth Prizefighter tournament featuring boxers in the lightweight category.


query: What industry do Jon Jost and Arline Burks Gant work in?

pos: Jon Jost Jon Jost (born 16 May 1943 in Chicago) is an American independent filmmaker.

pos: Arline Burks Gant Arline Burks Gant is a director, actress and costume designer. She wrote, produced and directed the international children’s video, "Manners", and the documentary series "The Legends".

neg: Jay Gellert Jay Gellert (born 1954) is the current CEO and President of Health Net, Inc. He joined Health Net in 1996 as president and chief operating officer of one of Health Net's predecessor companies, Health Systems International, Inc. Under his control, Health Net has been forced to pay several million dollars in fines, penalties and reimbursements for fraudulent practices, including the denial of care to those covered by Health Net.

neg: Jon Nuss Jon Nuss (born June 22, 1987 in Phoenix, Arizona) is an American pair skater. With former partner Jessica Rose Paetsch, he is the 2008 U.S. Junior Champion and a two-time bronze medalist at the Junior Grand Prix Final.

neg: Journal of Labor Research The Journal of Labor Research is a peer-reviewed academic journal which publishes articles regarding labor relations in the United States. Its articles cover the nature of work, labor-management relations, welfare-to-work, flexible employment, labor policy, regulation of labor unions, dispute resolution, and workplace grievance resolution. One issue each year is devoted to emerging topics. The target audience for the journal is academics, students, employers, and human resources managers.

neg: Jon Ein Jon Ein (b. 1966) is a financier and former film producer based in Paris, France.

neg: Vi-Jon Laboratories Vi-Jon Laboratories is a health and beauty care company that produces both Private Label and brand name products. Headquartered in St. Louis, they operate five manufacturing and distribution centers in Missouri and Tennessee. The company's products are supplied nationwide to retailers such as Kroger, Target, and Walgreens. Vi-Jon was founded as Peroxide Specialty Company in 1908 by John B. Brunner. Vi-Jon has been owned by investment firm Berkshire Partners since 2006. The company markets a line of hand sanitizers in the United States under the brand Germ-X.

neg: Joh. Johannson Joh. Johannson was a wholesaling company in Norway.

neg: File Streaming Technology File Streaming Technology is the term used by Alesis for the proprietary file system used for their ADAT HD24 recorder which was released in 2001. FST is most notable for being designed from the ground up for audio purposes.

neg: AFRT Music AFRT MUSIC, (A Fearless Resilient Team) is an independent record label established by identical twins, Grammy Award winning producers, Glaurys Ariass and Helsa Ariass in 2000. The company is associated with Ariass Fortune,Inc. a corporation with book publishing and music divisions. The company is a member of the RIAA and the home of artist Eartha. AFRT releases music of various music genres, including Dance, R&B, Soul, Alternative, Rock, Gospel and Inspirational music, and believes in the state of independence, upon which artists create with complete freedom of expression. Among their releases are This I Know (2000), Love Jones Maxi Single (2001), Sidebars (2003), and Ink Dry Blue (2010). In 2001, upon release of the single, "Love Jones" landed on the Billboard Hot Dance Breakouts Maxi Singles chart at #2 position, AFRT received notoriety and acclaim when it got two Grammy nominations for the release of Sidebars by Eartha in 2003. The CD garnered nominations for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance and Best Contemporary Soul Gospel Album. The release won a Grammy for Best Contemporary Gospel. The company continues to support the musical creativity of independent artists.

neg: Jazz on the Square Jazz on the Square (JOTS) is a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization which organizes jazz performance and jazz education events.It was founded in 2007 and incorporated in 2009 and is based in Woodstock, Illinois (not to be confused with Woodstock in New York) .

neg: Jón Trausti Sigurðarson Jón Trausti Sigurðarson (born January 4, 1982) is an Icelandic marketing director and lawyer, best known for founding the Reykjavík-based, English language "Reykjavik Grapevine" with Hilmar Grétarsson and Valur Gunnarsson. The newspaper, which Sigurðarson helped to establish, now has a circulation of almost 50,000.

neg: KOSTT KOSTT j.s.c is the Kosovar Electricity Transmission, System and Market Operator, an entity which plays an important role in the energy sector in Kosovo.

neg: Westinghouse Aviation Gas Turbine Division The Westinghouse Aviation Gas Turbine Division (AGT) was established by Westinghouse Electric Corporation in 1945 to continue the development and production of its turbo-jet gas turbine engines for aircraft propulsion under contract to the US Navy Bureau of Aeronautics. The AGT Division was headquartered in Kansas City, Missouri, where it remained in operation until 1960 when Westinghouse decided focus on industrial and electric utility gas turbines.

neg: JOT (TV series) JOT (also known as JOT the Dot) is an American animated children's television program. The series consisted of 30 four-minute episodes, which were syndicated between 1965 and the 1980s. "JOT" was produced by the Southern Baptist Radio and Television Commission (RATC) as a Baptist version of "Davey and Goliath".

neg: Eliot Gant Elliot Gant (March 21, 1926 – March 12, 2016) was an American garment businessman, and an executive for the retailer Gant.

neg: Arnnon Geshuri Arnnon Geshuri (born 1969 or 1970) is an American corporate executive. He was vice president of human resources at Tesla Inc. from 2009 until 2017, Senior Director of Human Resources and Staffing at Google from 2004 to 2009, and Vice President of People Operations and Director of Global Staffing at E-Trade Financial Corporation circa 2002. In January 2016, he briefly served on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees before stepping down after opposition arose due to his historical involvement in collusion over recruiting practices in Silicon Valley.

neg: J. Wells J. Wells (born Jon Wells; 1983 in Chicago) is an American record producer, record executive, and rapper. He is a member of the Likwit Crew.

neg: Jon J Muth Jon J Muth ( ; born July 28, 1960) is an American comics artist and children's book illustrator who is known for his painted artwork.

neg: Lifted Research Group Lifted Research Group, commonly known as LRG, is an American, Orange County, California based clothing brand headed by Jonas Bevacqua and Robert Wright. LRG produces clothing and accessories, and also has been known to develop a broad range of products consisting of electronic accessories, extreme vehicles, and outdoor equipment including sporting goods and more. The company is also involved in the promotion of underground recording artists and sponsors a skateboarding team. "Entrepreneur" magazine ranked the company at #5 on its 2007 Hot 500 list of fastest-growing companies.

neg: Angst (supermarket) Angst is a supermarket chain of 19 stores in Romania. It has a range of 1,000 products, mainly foodstuffs. Angst is owned by a Swiss-Romanian joint venture. Angst operates mainly in Bucharest but is based in the town of Buftea, near the capital. It employs 670 people. The motto of Angst is "Excelenţa face diferenţa" (Romanian for: "Excellence Makes the Difference").

neg: Larry Jost Larry Jost (February 22, 1921 – October 28, 2001) was an American sound engineer. He was nominated for three Academy Awards in the category Best Sound. He worked on over 45 films between 1961 and 1984.


query: The Dame Was Loaded was similar in mechanics to the puzzle game developed by which company?

pos: The Dame Was Loaded The Dame Was Loaded is a first-person point-and-click adventure game for the PC platform created by Australian developer Beam Software (now Krome Studios Melbourne) first published in 1995 by Philips Interactive Media domestically then in 1996 worldwide. The game is a detective film noir set in the 1940s and combined live action cinematic's with pre-rendered point-and-click gameplay much like previous games in the genre like "Under a Killing Moon" and "Myst". The live action was produced by Vixen Films, director Jo Lane, and was at the time the largest multimedia production ever made in Australia.

pos: Myst Myst is a graphic adventure puzzle video game designed by the brothers Robyn and Rand Miller. It was developed by Cyan, Inc., published by Brøderbund, and initially released on the Macintosh platform in 1993. Remakes and ports of the game have been released for platforms including the Sega Saturn, PlayStation, 3DO, Microsoft Windows, Atari Jaguar CD, CD-i, AmigaOS, PlayStation Portable, Nintendo DS, iOS, OS X, and Android.

neg: Jewel Quest Jewel Quest is a tile-matching puzzle video game created and published by iWin. First released for PC, it has been redeveloped for Symbian S60, the Nintendo DS (Jewel Quest: Expeditions), the Xbox 360's Xbox Live Arcade and other platforms. iWin also released a series of sequels and spin-off games.

neg: Heartlight (video game) Heartlight is a puzzle game originally developed by Janusz Pelc for the Atari 8-bit family in 1990. In 1994, an MS-DOS port ("Heartlight PC") was published by Epic MegaGames along with two other games by Janusz Pelc in the "Epic Puzzle Pack". The shareware version has 20 levels and the full version ("Heartlight Deluxe") has 70 levels. In 2006, Maciej Miąsik, co-author of the DOS version, recompiled it and released it under the Creative Commons CC BY-SA 2.5 license as freeware. The game was remade for mobile devices with new music tracks.

neg: Troddlers Troddlers is a 1992 "Lemmings"-inspired puzzle game developed by Atod that was originally released for the Amiga and was later remade on the Super Nintendo. The remake was published by Seika. An MS-DOS port was also released.

neg: Dameo Dameo is a strategy board game for two players invented by Christian Freeling in 2000. It is a variant of the game draughts (or checkers) and is played on an 8×8 checkered gameboard.

neg: Mad Professor Mariarti Mad Professor Mariarti is a puzzle platform video game developed and published by Krisalis Software in 1990.

neg: 1001 Crystal Mazes Collection 1001 Crystal Mazes Collection is a logic puzzle game developed by Teyon for the Nintendo DSiWare. It was available in the Nintendo DSi Shop for 500 Nintendo DSi Points.

neg: Jolly Jam "Jolly Jam" is a mobile tile-matching puzzle video game, developed by Magic Tavern and published by Rovio Stars. It was released on February 18, 2015 for Android and iOS devices worldwide. The game features different gameplay mechanics, drawing a box around similar objects, compared to most other tile-matching games.

neg: Clandestiny Clandestiny, published in 1996 by Virgin Games and developed by Trilobyte, is a video-based puzzle computer game. After the profit loss of "The 11th Hour", the second game created by Trilobyte, the producers went on to make a more kid-friendly version of "The 7th Guest" series (even though that game has a T (Teen) rating). The game was re-released in January 2011 on the Mac App Store.

neg: Brix (video game) Brix is a puzzle game for MS-DOS, developed by Michael Riedel (Radiesel) and produced and published by Epic MegaGames in 1992 . It is a clone of Taito's "Puzznic", and thus bears strong graphical and some gameplay similarities to "Flipull/Plotting", also produced by Taito. A deluxe version of the game titled "Brix 2 Deluxe" with dozens of new levels and a level editor.

neg: Lode Runner Lode Runner is a platform video game first published by Brøderbund in 1983. Unlike later platformers which rely on precision jumping and movement, levels in "Lode Runner" are puzzle-oriented. It is one of the first games to include a level editor, a feature that allows players to create their own levels for the game. This feature bolstered the game's popularity, as magazines such as "Computer Gaming World" held contests to see who could build the best level.

neg: Hotel Mario Hotel Mario is a puzzle video game developed by Fantasy Factory and published by Philips Interactive Media and Nintendo for the Philips CD-i in 1994. The primary character of the game is Mario, who must find Princess Toadstool by going through seven Koopa hotels in the Mushroom Kingdom. Every hotel is divided into multiple stages, and the objective is to close all doors on each stage. Defeating a Koopaling on the hotel's final stage takes the player to the following building.

neg: Maze of the Mummy Maze of the Mummy is a 2014 puzzle game for the Commodore 64, developed by Magic Cap, and published by Psytronik Software.

neg: Lego Batman: The Videogame Lego Batman: The Videogame is a Lego-themed action-adventure video game developed by Traveller's Tales and published by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment, released in 2008 for the Xbox 360, PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, PlayStation Portable, Nintendo DS, OS X and Wii video gaming platforms. It is the first "Lego Batman" video game. The game is based on the comic book character Batman and the Lego Batman toy line, who also handled marketing and financial aspects of the game.

neg: Antichamber Antichamber is a single-player first-person puzzle-platform video game created by Alexander Bruce. Many of the puzzles are based on phenomena that occur within impossible objects created by the game engine, such as passages that lead the player to different locations depending on which way they face, and structures that seem otherwise impossible within normal three-dimensional space. The game includes elements of psychological exploration through brief messages of advice to help the player figure out solutions to the puzzles as well as adages for real life. The game was released on Steam for Microsoft Windows on January 31, 2013, a version sold with the Humble Indie Bundle 11 in February 2014 added support for Linux and Mac OS X.

neg: Lego Marvel's Avengers Lego Marvel's Avengers is a Lego-themed action-adventure video game developed by Traveller's Tales and published by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment, for the PlayStation 4, PlayStation 3, PlayStation Vita, Nintendo 3DS, Wii U, Xbox One, Xbox 360, Macintosh and Microsoft Windows. It is the spin-off to "Lego Marvel Super Heroes" and the second installment of the "Lego Marvel" franchise. It follows the plots of both "The Avengers" and "" as well as "", "Iron Man 3", "", and "".

neg: ZooCube ZooCube is a puzzle video game developed by PuzzleKings and released in 2002 by Acclaim Entertainment. It was the first puzzle game for the Nintendo Gamecube. It was also released for Sony PlayStation 2 in 2006 by Midas Interactive Entertainment.

neg: Guilty Party Guilty Party (also known as "Disney's Guilty Party") is a party puzzle video game for Wii, developed by Wideload Games and published by Disney Interactive Studios. The goal of the game is to discover the identity of the culprit in a whodunit-style mystery. Gameplay proceeds in turns where the player moves through the board game-like setting, searching for clues.

neg: Blob (video game) Blob is a platform-puzzle game, developed by Jonnathan Hilliard and published by Core Design for the Commodore Amiga personal computer. The game was released in the United Kingdom on September 1, 1993.

neg: Pikmin (series) Pikmin (ピクミン , Pikumin ) is a series of puzzle strategy video games created by Shigeru Miyamoto and published by Nintendo. The games focus on directing a horde of plant-like creatures called Pikmin in order to collect items by destroying obstacles, avoiding hazards and/or fighting fauna that are hazardous to both the player and the Pikmin.

neg: Asher Vollmer Asher Vollmer (born September 14, 1989) is an American indie video game developer and creator of "Puzzlejuice" and "Threes". He created the 2012 iOS game "Puzzlejuice" while a student at USC Interactive Media & Games Division. The game began his collaboration with Greg Wohlwend. The pair's next release, the 2014 iOS puzzle game "Threes", received what review aggregator Metacritic described as "universal acclaim", including perfect scores from "Eurogamer" and "TouchArcade", and the title of Apple Inc.'s iPhone game of the year. The game was later ported to multiple platforms. "Polygon" included Vollmer in their "50 admirable gaming people" of the year for his work on "Threes". Among other projects, Vollmer subsequently worked on "Close Castles", a real-time strategy game later put on hiatus, and "Royals", a simulation game for OS X and Windows.


query: What field did the creator of the Plum pudding atomic model win a Nobel prize?

pos: Plum pudding model The plum pudding model is one of several scientific models of the atom. First proposed by J. J. Thomson in 1904 soon after the discovery of the electron, but before the discovery of the atomic nucleus, the model represented an attempt to consolidate the known properties of atoms at the time: 1) electrons are negatively-charged particles and 2) atoms are neutrally-charged.

pos: J. J. Thomson Sir Joseph John Thomson {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} ( ; 18 December 1856 – 30 August 1940) was an English physicist and Nobel laureate in physics, credited with the discovery and identification of the electron; and with the discovery of the first subatomic particle.

neg: Tony Skyrme Tony Hilton Royle Skyrme ( ; 5 December 1922, Lewisham – 25 June 1987) was a British physicist. He first proposed modeling the effective interaction between nucleons in nuclei by a zero-range potential, an idea still widely used today in nuclear structure and in equation of state for neutron stars. However, he is best known for formulating the first topological soliton to model a particle, the skyrmion. Some of his most important work can be found in selected papers. Skyrme was awarded the Hughes Medal by the Royal Society in 1985.

neg: Gordon Walter Semenoff Gordon Walter Semenoff (born July 11, 1953), {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} , {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} , is a theoretical physicist and Professor of Physics at the University of British Columbia, Canada. He is known for his research on quantum mechanics, quantum field theory, statistical mechanics and string theory and is particularly famous for his co-invention, together with Antti Niemi, of the parity anomaly in odd-dimensional gauge field theories and for his pioneering work on graphene. He is also well known for development of thermal field theory, the application of index theorems and their generalizations in quantum field theory and string theory, notably with respect to the duality between string theories and gauge field theories.

neg: Curtis Callan Curtis Gove Callan, Jr. (born October 11, 1942) is a theoretical physicist and a professor at Princeton University. He has conducted research in gauge theory, string theory, instantons, black holes, strong interactions, and many other topics. He was awarded the Sakurai Prize in 2000 ("For his classic formulation of the renormalization group, his contributions to instanton physics and to the theory of monopoles and strings") and the Dirac Medal in 2004.

neg: Julian Schwinger Julian Seymour Schwinger (February 12, 1918 – July 16, 1994) was a Nobel Prize winning American theoretical physicist. He is best known for his work on the theory of quantum electrodynamics (QED), in particular for developing a relativistically invariant perturbation theory, and for renormalizing QED to one loop order. Schwinger was a physics professor at several universities.

neg: J. Carson Mark Jordan Carson Mark (July 6, 1913 – March 2, 1997) was a Canadian-born mathematician best known for his work on developing nuclear weapons for the United States at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Mark joined the Manhattan Project in 1945, and continued to work at Los Alamos under the leadership of Norris Bradbury after World War II ended. He became the leader of the Theoretical Division at the laboratory in 1947, a position he held until 1973. He oversaw the development of new weapons, including the hydrogen bomb in the 1950s. On the hydrogen bomb project he was able to bring together experts like Edward Teller, Stanislaw Ulam and Marshall Holloway despite their personal differences.

neg: John D. Barrow John David Barrow FRS (born 29 November 1952) is an English cosmologist, theoretical physicist, and mathematician. He is currently Research Professor of Mathematical Sciences at the University of Cambridge. Barrow is also a writer of popular science and an amateur playwright.

neg: Wilfrid Hodges Wilfrid Augustine Hodges, FBA (born 27 May 1941) is a British mathematician, known for his work in model theory.

neg: Thomson Medal and Prize The Thomson Medal and Prize is an award which has been made biennially in even-numbered years since 2008 by the British Institute of Physics for "distinguished research in atomic (including quantum optics) or molecular physics". It is named after Sir J. J. Thomson and comprises a medal and a prize of £1000.

neg: Philip Morrison Philip Morrison (November 7, 1915 – April 22, 2005) was a professor of physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). He is known for his work on the Manhattan Project during World War II, and for his later work in quantum physics, nuclear physics and high energy astrophysics.

neg: John Gurdon Sir John Bertrand Gurdon (born 2 October 1933), is an English developmental biologist. He is best known for his pioneering research in nuclear transplantation and cloning. He was awarded the Lasker Award in 2009. In 2012, he and Shinya Yamanaka were awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for the discovery that mature cells can be converted to stem cells.

neg: Ada Hitchins Ada Florence Remfry Hitchins (26 June 1891 – 4 January 1972) was the principal research assistant of British chemist Frederick Soddy, who won the Nobel prize in 1921 for work on radioactive elements and the theory of isotopes. Hitchins isolated samples from uranium ores, taking precise and accurate measurements of atomic mass that provided the first experimental evidence for the existence of different isotopes. She also helped to discover the element protactinium, which Dmitri Mendeleev had predicted should occur in the periodic table between uranium and thorium.

neg: Robert Woodrow Wilson Robert Woodrow Wilson (born January 10, 1936) is an American astronomer, 1978 Nobel laureate in physics, who with Arno Allan Penzias discovered in 1964 the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB). The award purse was also shared with a third scientist, Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa, for unrelated work.

neg: Andrei Sakharov Prize (APS) The Andrei Sakharov Prize is a prize that is to be awarded every second year by the American Physical Society since 2006. The recipients are chosen for ""outstanding leadership and/or achievements of scientists in upholding human rights"". The prize is named after Andrei Sakharov (1921-1989), Soviet nuclear physicist, dissident and human rights activist; as of 2007 it is valued at $10,000.

neg: James Rainwater Leo James Rainwater (December 9, 1917 – May 31, 1986) was an American physicist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1975 for his part in determining the asymmetrical shapes of certain atomic nuclei.

neg: David Hanna David Colin Hanna FRS is a British physicist, and professor at the University of Southampton. Awarded the Max Born Prize in 1993.

neg: David Deutsch David Elieser Deutsch, FRS (born 18 May 1953), is an Israeli-born British physicist at the University of Oxford. He is a Visiting Professor in the Department of Atomic and Laser Physics at the Centre for Quantum Computation (CQC) in the Clarendon Laboratory of the University of Oxford. He pioneered the field of quantum computation by formulating a description for a quantum Turing machine, as well as specifying an algorithm designed to run on a quantum computer. He is a proponent of the many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics.

neg: Heinz-Jürgen Kluge Heinz-Jürgen Kluge, known as Jürgen Kluge (born 25 April 1941), is a physicist probably best known for the development of ion-storage devices and methods for accurate measurements of nuclear masses.

neg: Norman Foster Ramsey Jr. Norman Foster Ramsey Jr. (August 27, 1915 – November 4, 2011) was an American physicist who was awarded the 1989 Nobel Prize in Physics, for the invention of the separated oscillatory field method, which had important applications in the construction of atomic clocks. A physics professor at Harvard University for most of his career, Ramsey also held several posts with such government and international agencies as NATO and the United States Atomic Energy Commission. Among his other accomplishments are helping to found the United States Department of Energy's Brookhaven National Laboratory and Fermilab.

neg: John Milnor John Willard Milnor (born February 20, 1931) is an American mathematician known for his work in differential topology, K-theory and dynamical systems. Milnor is a distinguished professor at Stony Brook University and one of the five mathematicians to have won the Fields Medal, the Wolf Prize, and the Abel Prize (along with Pierre Deligne, Jean-Pierre Serre, and John G. Thompson).

neg: George Gamow George Gamow (March 4 [O.S. February 20] 1904 August 19, 1968), born Georgiy Antonovich Gamov (Russian: Гео́ргий Анто́нович Га́мов ; ] ), was a theoretical physicist and cosmologist. He was an early advocate and developer of Lemaître's Big Bang theory. He discovered a theoretical explanation of alpha decay via quantum tunneling, and worked on radioactive decay of the atomic nucleus, star formation, stellar nucleosynthesis and Big Bang nucleosynthesis (which he collectively called nucleocosmogenesis), and molecular genetics.


query: James Reid last played for a minor league ice hockey team that has won four what?

pos: James Reid (ice hockey) James Reid (born December 15, 1990) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey Goaltender. He last played for the Evansville IceMen of the ECHL.

pos: Evansville IceMen The Evansville IceMen were a minor league ice hockey team in the ECHL in Evansville, Indiana. The franchise was originally a member of the United Hockey League before it merged into the Central Hockey League in 2010. The franchise has won four post-season championship titles in the UHL in 1999, 2002, 2004 and 2005. The franchise played one season at Swonder Ice Arena before moving to the Ford Center beginning in the 2011–12 season.

neg: Melbourne Mustangs The Melbourne Mustangs are a semi-professional ice hockey team based in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. They are members of the Australian Ice Hockey League (AIHL). The team plays its home games at the O'Brien Group Arena, located in the suburb of Docklands. The Mustangs' were founded in 2010 as the Mustangs IHC and joined the AIHL the following season. They changed their name to the Melbourne Mustangs in 2012 after a license condition had been lifted by the league. The Mustangs' best result in the regular season was the 2014 season where they finished in first place and claimed the H Newman Reid Trophy. The 2014 season is also the only season the Mustangs have progressed to the playoffs, which they went on to win and claim their first Goodall Cup.

neg: Northern Ontario Junior Hockey League The Northern Ontario Junior Hockey League (NOJHL) is a Canadian Junior ice hockey league and member of the Canadian Junior Hockey League and Northern Ontario Hockey Association. The winner of the NOJHL playoffs competes for the Dudley Hewitt Cup with the winners of the Ontario Junior Hockey League and the Superior International Junior Hockey League. The winner of the Dudley Hewitt Cup then moves on to compete for the Royal Bank Cup.

neg: Edinburgh Capitals The Edinburgh Capitals are a Scottish ice hockey club, playing in the UK-wide Elite Ice Hockey League.

neg: Essa Stallions The Essa Stallions are an United Hockey Union-sanctioned junior ice hockey team from Angus, Ontario, Canada. They are a member of the Canadian Premier Junior Hockey League and began play in the 2016–17 season.

neg: Pickering Panthers The Pickering Panthers are a Junior "A" ice hockey team from Pickering, Ontario, Canada. They are a part of North Division of the Ontario Junior Hockey League.

neg: Markham Royals The Markham Royals are a Junior "A" ice hockey team from Markham, Ontario, Canada. They are a part of the Ontario Junior Hockey League. From 1973 until 2015, the team operated in Hamilton, Ontario as the Kilty's and the Red Wings.

neg: Wainwright Bisons The Wainwright Bisons are a Junior "B" Ice Hockey team based in Wainwright, Alberta, Canada. They are members of the North Eastern Alberta Junior B Hockey League (NEAJBHL). They play their home games at Peace Memorial Multiplex.

neg: Las Vegas Wranglers The Las Vegas Wranglers were a professional ice hockey team based in Las Vegas Valley. The Wranglers were members of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference of the ECHL (formerly the East Coast Hockey League). The Wranglers were founded as an expansion franchise in 2003 following the ECHL's takeover of the West Coast Hockey League to form the ECHL.

neg: Kirkland Lake Gold Miners The Kirkland Lake Gold Miners are a Junior "A" ice hockey team from Kirkland Lake, Ontario, Canada. They are a part of the Northern Ontario Junior Hockey League.

neg: Prince Albert Raiders The Prince Albert Raiders are a major junior ice hockey team in the Western Hockey League. The Raiders play in the East Division of the Eastern Conference. They are based in the Saskatchewan city of Prince Albert. The team plays its home games at the Art Hauser Centre.

neg: Indianapolis Chiefs The Indianapolis Chiefs were a minor league professional ice hockey team that played in the International Hockey League from 1955 to 1962. The Chiefs were based in Indianapolis, Indiana and played at the Indiana State Fair Coliseum. In seven seasons, the Chiefs never had a regular season record with more wins than losses, but were finalists for the 1957 Turner Cup in a season dominated by the Cincinnati Mohawks.The Chiefs won the 1958 Turner Cup by defeating the Louisville Rebels 4 games to 3.

neg: Tom Reid Thomas Allan Reid (born June 24, 1946 in Fort Erie, Ontario) is a retired professional ice hockey player who played 690 games in the National Hockey League. He played for the Chicago Black Hawks and Minnesota North Stars over an 11-year career.

neg: Darren Reid Darren Reid (born May 8, 1983) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey right winger who played 21 National Hockey League (NHL) games for the Tampa Bay Lightning and Philadelphia Flyers. He is currently living in Buffalo Lake Metis Settlement).

neg: Eastern AAA Hockey League The Eastern AAA Hockey League is a minor level ice hockey governing body. The league is a sub-division of the Ontario Minor Hockey Association in the Canadian Province of Ontario. The ETA playoffs are done in a best 3 out of 5 series. The final two teams advance to the OMHA Championships. It was established in 1990.

neg: Rayside-Balfour Canadians The Rayside-Balfour Canadians are a Junior "A" ice hockey team from Rayside-Balfour, Ontario, Canada. They are a part of the Northern Ontario Junior Hockey League (NOJHL).

neg: St. Albert Saints The St. Albert Saints were a junior ice hockey franchise based in St. Albert, Alberta, for twenty-seven seasons from 1977 to 2004. Before 1977, the team played in nearby Spruce Grove as the Spruce Grove Mets, and in 2004 the team again moved to Spruce Grove where they now play as the Spruce Grove Saints. In all its incarnations, the team has been a part of the junior 'A' Alberta Junior Hockey League.

neg: Johnstown Chiefs The Johnstown Chiefs were a minor league ice hockey team located in Johnstown, Pennsylvania, that played in the ECHL. The team was founded in 1987 in the All-American Hockey League, and moved to the East Coast Hockey League (now "ECHL") when that league was formed. The Chiefs lasted for 22 years in Johnstown, and was the last of the founding ECHL teams playing under its original name and in its original city. The Chiefs relocated to Greenville, South Carolina, following the completion of the 2010 season.

neg: Hamilton Bulldogs (AHL) The Hamilton Bulldogs were a professional ice hockey team in the American Hockey League. They played in Hamilton, Ontario, at FirstOntario Centre (formerly known as Copps Coliseum), nicknamed 'The Dog Pound'. They were the AHL affiliate of the NHL's Montreal Canadiens. The team won the Calder Cup once in its history, in 2007.

neg: 1980–81 New York Rangers season The 1980–81 New York Rangers season was the 55th season for the team in the National Hockey League (NHL). In the regular season, the Rangers finished in fourth place in the Patrick Division with 74 points and earned a berth in the playoffs. New York won series with the Los Angeles Kings and St. Louis Blues to reach the NHL semi-finals, where the team was defeated by the New York Islanders in a four-game sweep.

neg: Philadelphia Jr. Jackals The Philadelphia Jr. Jackals were an independent junior "A" ice hockey team that played in the Mid-Atlantic Division of International Junior Hockey League Super Elite League. The team played their home games at The Rink Ice Arena in Elkins Park, Pennsylvania.