query: Who wrote the book that the game Lego Harry Potter: Years 1-4 is based off of?

pos: Lego Harry Potter: Years 1–4 Lego Harry Potter: Years 1–4 is a Lego-themed action-adventure video game developed by Traveller's Tales and published by Warner Bros. The game is based on the Lego Harry Potter line and its storyline covers the first four films in the "Harry Potter" series: "Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone", "Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets", "Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban", and "Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire". The game is available on the Wii, Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, Nintendo DS, PlayStation Portable, Microsoft Windows, OS X, iOS and Android. The OS X version of the game was released on 22 February 2011 by Feral Interactive. The game was released for the PlayStation 4 on October 21, 2016, as part of the "Lego Harry Potter Collection", which bundles the game with its sequel, "".

pos: Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (film) Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire is a 2005 British-American fantasy film directed by Mike Newell and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. It is based on the novel of the same name by J. K. Rowling. The film, which is the fourth instalment in the "Harry Potter" film series, was written by Steve Kloves and produced by David Heyman. The story follows Harry Potter's fourth year at Hogwarts as he is chosen by the Goblet of Fire to compete in the Triwizard Tournament.

neg: Robin of Sherlock Robin of Sherlock is a 1985 adventure video game developed by Delta 4 and published by Silversoft. It parodied the earlier games "The Hobbit" and "Sherlock". It was written using "The Quill".

neg: The Tale of Mrs. Tiggy-Winkle The Tale of Mrs. Tiggy-Winkle is a children's book written and illustrated by Beatrix Potter. It was published by Frederick Warne & Co. in October 1905. Mrs. Tiggy-winkle is a hedgehog washerwoman who lives in a tiny cottage in the fells of the Lake District. A child named Lucie happens upon the cottage and stays for tea. The two deliver freshly laundered clothing to the animals and birds in the neighbourhood. Potter thought the book would be best enjoyed by girls, and, like most girls' books of the period, it is set indoors with a focus on housework.

neg: Lego Batman: The Videogame Lego Batman: The Videogame is a Lego-themed action-adventure video game developed by Traveller's Tales and published by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment, released in 2008 for the Xbox 360, PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, PlayStation Portable, Nintendo DS, OS X and Wii video gaming platforms. It is the first "Lego Batman" video game. The game is based on the comic book character Batman and the Lego Batman toy line, who also handled marketing and financial aspects of the game.

neg: The Wizard and the Witch The Wizard and the Witch is a children’s fantasy book written by Jean Ure. It is the final book of "The Wizard trilogy" and was published in 1995.

neg: The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game (a.k.a. LOTR TCG) is a collectible card game produced by Decipher, Inc. Released November 2001, it is based on Peter Jackson's "The Lord of the Rings" film trilogy and the J. R. R. Tolkien novel on which the films were based. Decipher also had the rights to "The Hobbit" novel but did not release any cards based on it. In addition to images taken from the films, in 2004 Weta Workshop produced artwork depicting characters and items from the novel absent from the films for use on cards.

neg: The Sword and the Circle The Sword and the Circle, King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table is a children's novel written by Rosemary Sutcliff and was first published in 1981. The story is a retelling of the story of King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table. According to her own statements in the introduction, "The Sword and the Circle" follows the myths and folktales of King Arthur, crediting inspiration primarily from Sir Thomas Malory's "Le Morte d'Arthur"; other sources include Geoffrey of Monmouth's "Historia Regum Britanniae", English ballads, and Irish folktales. She contrasts this telling of the King Arthur story with her previous novels, "The Lantern Bearers" and "Sword at Sunset", which were more an attempt to connect with a concrete historical figure behind the folktales.

neg: Fictional universe of Harry Potter The fictional universe of British author J. K. Rowling's "Harry Potter" series of fantasy novels comprises two distinct societies: the Wizarding World and the Muggle world. The Muggle world is the series' name for the world inhabited by the non-magical majority, with which the Wizarding World exists coextensively, albeit mostly remaining hidden from the non-magical humans. The plot of the series is set in 1990s Britain, but in a veiled and separate shadow society wherein magic is commonly used and practiced, and those who can use it live in self-enforced seclusion, hiding their abilities from the rest of the world. The term "Wizarding World" refers to the global wizard community that lives hidden in parallel with the Muggle world; the different terms refer to different communities within the same area rather than separate planets or worlds. Any new works taking place in this universe are released under the "J. K. Rowling's Wizarding World" brand.

neg: Peter Pan in Scarlet Peter Pan in Scarlet is a novel by Geraldine McCaughrean. It is marketed as the "official sequel" to J. M. Barrie's "Peter and Wendy" (1911), authorised by Great Ormond Street Hospital, to whom Barrie granted all rights to the character and original writings in 1929. McCaughrean was selected following a competition launched in 2004, in which novelists were invited to submit a sample chapter and plot outline. The book continues the story of the Lost Boys, the Darling family, and Peter Pan, in 1926 during the reign of George V and following World War I.

neg: Lego City Lego City is a theme under which Lego building sets are released. As the name suggests, Lego City sets are based on city life, with the models depicting city and emergency services (such as police and fire), airport, train, construction, and civilian services.

neg: Soccer Comes First Soccer Comes First (originally published as Soccer Is Also a Game) is a 1966 children's novel by prolific British author Michael Hardcastle. It is the first in a series of books focusing on the fortunes of fictitious English football team Scorton Rovers.

neg: Simon the Sorcerer Simon the Sorcerer is a point-and-click adventure game developed and published by Adventure Soft in 1993 for Amiga and MS-DOS formats. The first instalment in the "Simon the Sorcerer" series, the game follows a boy named Simon, who is transported to a parallel universe to embark on a mission to rescue a wizard called Calypso from an evil sorcerer named Sordid. The story includes parodies of works such as "The Lord of the Rings" and Jack and the Beanstalk.

neg: Lord of the Rings (board game) Lord of the Rings is a board game based on the high fantasy trilogy "The Lord of the Rings" by J. R. R. Tolkien. Published in 2000 by Kosmos in Germany, Wizards of the Coast in the U.S., and Parker Brothers in the U.K., the game is designed by Reiner Knizia and features artwork by illustrator John Howe. It won a Spiel des Jahres special award for "best use of literature in a game" and in 2004 it won the Games Magazine Games 100 Honor in the Family Strategy category. A slightly revised version was later published by Fantasy Flight Games.

neg: HERmione HERmione, is an autobiographical novel written by imagist poet H.D.. It forms part of what she refers to as her "Madrigal cycle", which also includes "Bid Me to Live", "Paint it Today" and "Asphodel".

neg: List of Middle-earth Lego sets Lego "The Lord of the Rings and Lego "The Hobbit are two Lego themes based on the "Lord of the Rings" and "The Hobbit" films by Peter Jackson. These are in turn based on the fictional world Middle-earth from the writings of J. R. R. Tolkien.

neg: The Witches and the Grinnygog The Witches and the Grinnygog is a children's novel by the writer Dorothy Edwards, published in 1981 and shortlisted for that year's Whitbread Prize for a children's book.

neg: L – A Mathemagical Adventure L – A Mathemagical Adventure is an educational adventure game that was created for the BBC/Acorn class of computers in 1984. It was written by members of the Association of Teachers of Mathematics and found its way into school computers, predominantly in the UK. The game is controlled by a contemporaneous two-word input system in the form of "«a href="verb">verb</a» «a href="noun">noun</a»", e.g. "get book", and includes several mathematical and logical puzzles. The target audience for L is mid-late primary (elementary) school children, and the puzzles are based on this level of critical thinking.

neg: Fever Pitch Fever Pitch: A Fan's Life is a 1992 autobiographical essay by British author Nick Hornby. The book is the basis for two films: "Fever Pitch" (1997, UK) and "Fever Pitch" (2005, U.S.). The first edition was subtitled "A Fan's Life", but later paperback editions were not.

neg: How to Train Your Dragon How to Train Your Dragon is a series of twelve children's books written by British author Cressida Cowell. The books are set in a fictional Viking world and focus on the experiences of protagonist Hiccup as he overcomes great obstacles on his journey of Becoming a Hero the Hard Way. The books were published by Hodder Children's Books in the UK and by Little, Brown and Company in the US. The first book was published in 2003 and the last one in 2015. As of 2015, the series has sold more than seven million copies around the world.

neg: The Tale of Jemima Puddle-Duck The Tale of Jemima Puddle-Duck is a children's book written and illustrated by Beatrix Potter. It was first published by Frederick Warne & Co. in July 1908. Potter composed the book at Hill Top, a working farm in the Lake District she bought in 1905. Following the purchase, her works began to focus on country and village life, incorporating large casts of animal characters and sinister villains. "Jemima Puddle-Duck" was the first of her books set wholly at the farm with background illustrations based on the farm buildings and yard, and nearby locales.

neg: Paint Your Dragon Paint Your Dragon is a humorous novel by Tom Holt first published in the UK in 1996 by Orbit and in paper back a year later by St. Martin's Press. It was also made available in electronic format by Hachette Digital in 2009. This was the author's twelfth humorous book and his eighteenth overall. It has been republished as part of Tom Holt's "Omnibus No'7: Saints and Sinners". Inspired by the legend of St. George and the Dragon, the book tells the story of a sculptor, Bianca Wilson, who creates statues of St. George and the Dragon. These statues come to life and carry on their battle where they left off. The story is intertwined with other minor plots that supplement the main theme and ultimately aid it to its conclusion.


query: What is the slang term used to describe the agency that The Grupo de Operaciones Especiales  is a part of?

pos: Grupo de Operaciones Especiales (Mexico) The Grupo de Operaciones Especiales ("Special Operations Group", GOPES) is the operative tactical group of the Federal Police of Mexico.

pos: Federal Police (Mexico) The Federal Police (Spanish: "Policía Federal, PF" ), formerly known as the "Policía Federal Preventiva" (Federal Preventive Police), is a Mexican police force under the authority of the Secretariat of the Interior. They are sometimes referred to by the slang term "Federales". Typically, agents of the Federal Police are heavily armed and wear dark blue, black, or gray combat fatigues.

neg: Municipalidad Municipalidad (] ) is a Spanish term for municipality used in many Latin American countries such as Argentina, Chile, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Colombia, Paraguay, Peru and Puerto Rico. It refers to the governing body of a particular territory and not to the territory, which is often referred to as "municipio".

neg: Los Hombres del Camuflaje Los Hombres del Camuflaje (Spanish for "Men In Camouflage") is a Mexican sibling professional wrestling tag team consisting of Artillero (real name unrevealed) and Súper Comando (real name Gustavo Torres Ramirez). The team is currently working for the Mexican professional wrestling promotion Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) portraying "rudos" ("Bad guys") wrestling characters. Los Hombres del Camuflaje are second generation wrestlers, sons of wrestler Principe Odin, with several of their brothers being professional wrestlers. Artillero is a "Luchador enmascarado", or masked professional wrestler while Súper Comando worked as an "enmascarado" until December 25, 2015. Artillero's real name is not a matter of public record, as is often the case with masked wrestlers in Mexico where their private lives are kept a secret from the wrestling fans. Artillero and Super Comando are the brothers of CMLL low card wrestler Bengala, although it is not openly acknowledged by CMLL. The two use a military theme, reflected in their ring gear, mask and trunks which is at least partially camouflage.

neg: Federal Intelligence Agency The Federal Intelligence Agency (in Spanish: "Agencia Federal de Inteligencia") also known as AFI is the principal intelligence agency of Argentina.

neg: Loco (nickname) Loco or El Loco is a nickname for:

neg: Special Vehicle Operations Special Vehicle Operations (SVO) is a term used throughout Ford's global operations as a performance group, first used in America as Ford's own "speed shop," with a separate budget from Ford's regular operations. In 1993, the group was renamed Special Vehicle Team.

neg: Comandos de Aviación The Comandos de Aviación are Chile's elite Air Force Special Forces unit. The unit can be compared to the United States Air Force Combat Control Team.

neg: Grupul Special de Protecție și Intervenție Grupul Special de Protecţie şi Intervenţie (GSPI) () is the Police Tactical Unit of the Romanian Department of Information and Internal Protection (DIPI) (Romanian: "Departamentul de Informații și Protecție Internă" ) part of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The designated nickname of the unit is "Acvila", which is Romanian for "Eagle".

neg: National Police Corps The National Police Corps (Spanish: "Cuerpo Nacional de Policía" , CNP; ] ) is the national civilian police force of Spain. The CNP is mainly responsible for policing urban areas, whilst countryside policing is generally the responsibility of the Civil Guard, the Spanish gendarmerie. The CNP operates under the authority of Spain's Ministry of the Interior. They mostly handle criminal investigation, judicial, terrorism and immigration matters. The powers of the National Police Force varies according to the autonomous communities, Ertzaintza in the Basque Country, Mossos d'Esquadra in Catalonia, and Policía Foral (Foruzaingoa) in Navarre are the primary police agencies while BESCAM in the Madrid region is more of a resources provider. In Andalusia, Aragon, Asturias, Galicia, and Valencia the National Police units are functionally acting directly under the orders of the Autonomous Communities to which they are attached.

neg: Operativo Independencia Operativo Independencia (Spanish for "Operation Independence") was the code-name of the Argentine military operation in the Tucumán Province, started in 1975 to crush the ERP —"Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo" or "People's Revolutionary Army"—, a Guevarist guerrilla group, which tried to create a Vietnam-style war front in the Tucumán Province, in northwestern Argentina. It was the first large-scale military operation of the Dirty War.

neg: Secret Anti-Communist Army The Secret Anti-Communist Army (Spanish: "Ejército Secreto Anticomunista" , ESA) was a front organization that operated in Guatemala and El Salvador during the Guatemalan Civil War. Like other earlier organizations, such as the MANO and the CADEG, the ESA existed as a front for a covert program of selective assassination by the Guatemalan security services. The first documentation of it came from the New York Times on 4 August 1977. The ESA made its existence more widely known during the upheaval caused by the September 1978 bus fare strikes in Guatemala City. On 18 October 1978, the ESA authored the first of a series of public bulletins containing "death lists" of persons which the organization considered to be "communists". It claimed to be independent, but was coordinated and staffed by members of the military and security services and was allegedly run by Colonel German Chupina Barahona, Director General of the National Police (PN) from 1978 to 1982. Often, the lists of targets were provided by the Minister of the Interior, Donaldo Alvarez Ruiz.

neg: Tactical Divers Group The Tactical Divers Group (Spanish: "Agrupación de Buzos Tácticos" , APBT) is the premier special operations force of the Argentine Navy. The Buzos Tácticos are based at "Base Naval Mar del Plata" (BNMP) on the Atlantic coast of Argentina. Its men are highly qualified combat divers, EOD/demolition technicians, and parachutists.

neg: Juárez Cartel The Juárez Cartel (Spanish: "Cártel de Juárez"), also known as the Vicente Carrillo Fuentes Organization, is a Mexican drug cartel based in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, across the U.S.-Mexico border from El Paso, Texas. The cartel is one of several drug trafficking organizations that have been known to decapitate their rivals, mutilate their corpses and dump them in public places to instill fear not only into the general public, but also into local law enforcement and their rivals, the Sinaloa Cartel. The Juárez Cartel has an armed wing known as La Línea, a Juarez street gang that usually performs the executions. It also uses the Barrio Azteca gang to attack its enemies.

neg: Los Invasores Los Invasores (Spanish for "The Invaders") is a Mexican "lucha libre", or professional wrestling group, referred to as a stable in wrestling terms, working for Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL). The group is portrayed as a group of "outsiders" invading CMLL, but in fact they all work full time for CMLL. The group is composed mainly of former Asistencia Asesoría y Administración (AAA) wrestlers and is led by Mr. Águila. Since the group's debut in April the "Los Invasores" storyline has been one of the main focuses of CMLL's events.

neg: Groupe de Chasse Groupe de Chasse or groupe de chasse (usually abbreviated as GC) is the French language term for "fighter group" or "fighter wing". More literal translations include "pursuit group" (the US term for fighter groups prior to 1942) and "hunting group" (similar to the German language "Jagdgruppe" or "JG").

neg: Lucha libre Lucha libre (] , meaning "Free fight") is a term used in Mexico for a form of professional wrestling developed in the country. Professional wrestling is an athletic form of entertainment based on a portrayal of a combat sport. Although the term today refers exclusively to professional wrestling, it was originally used in the same style as the American and English term "freestyle wrestling", referring to an amateur wrestling style without the restrictions of Greco-Roman wrestling.

neg: Güey Güey (] ; also spelled guey, wey or we) is a word in colloquial Mexican Spanish which is commonly used to refer to any person without using his name. Though more often, and originally only applied to males, it can be used equally for males and females; although women would more commonly use another slang word to refer to another unnamed female person, such as ""chava"" (young woman) or ""vieja"" (old lady). It is used roughly the same way "dude" is used in modern American English. It is derived from the term "buey", which refers to an ox, used for meat, sacrifice, or labor. Over time, the initial /b/ underwent a consonant mutation to a /g/ , resulting in the modern "wey". The word can be used as an insult, like "fool", although, due to its extremely high frequency of use in a multitude of contexts, it has lost much of its offensive character, becoming a colloquialism.

neg: Ministerio de Defensa Nacional Ministerio de Defensa Nacional, meaning Ministry of National Defense in Spanish may refer to:

neg: La Línea (gang) La Línea ("The Line") is an enforcer unit of the Juárez Cartel originally set up by a number of former and active-duty policemen, heavily armed and extensively trained in urban warfare. Their corrupt "line" of policemen were set up to protect drug traffickers, but after forming an alliance with Barrio Azteca to fight off the forces of the Sinaloa Cartel in 2008, they established a foothold in Ciudad Juárez as the enforcement wing of the Juárez cartel. La Línea has also been involved in extortions and kidnappings.

neg: 45 Grupo de Fuerzas Aéreas The Grupo 45 del Ejército del Aire (45 Air Force Group), is a unit of the Spanish Air Force in charge of the transportation of the King, the Prime Minister, high-ranking government officials and the Royal Family.

neg: Argentine Naval Hydrographic Service The Argentine Hydrographic Service (official name ) is the branch of the Ministry of Defense responsible for providing hydrographic services.


query: The Cribs and Julian Cope, is of which nationality?

pos: The Cribs The Cribs are an English indie rock band originally from Wakefield, West Yorkshire. The band consists of twins Gary and Ryan Jarman and their younger brother Ross Jarman. They were subsequently joined by ex-The Smiths and Modest Mouse guitarist Johnny Marr who was made a formal member of the group in 2008. Marr would remain as part of the band until 2011; his departure was officially announced on 11 April through the band's website. The band, who first became active on the concert circuit in 2002, were initially tied to other like-minded UK bands of that time, most notably The Libertines, by a British music press that were looking for a 'British rearguard' to the wave of popular US alternative rock bands of the time. They had outgrown this tag by the time of the commercial success of their third LP. In 2008, "Q" magazine described the band as "The biggest cult band in the UK".

pos: Julian Cope Julian David Cope (born 21 October 1957) is an English musician, author, antiquarian, musicologist, poet and cultural commentator. Originally coming to prominence in 1978 as the singer and songwriter in Liverpool post-punk band the Teardrop Explodes, he has followed a solo career since 1983 and worked on musical side projects such as Queen Elizabeth, Brain Donor and Black Sheep.

neg: Colin George Colin George (20 September 1929 – 15 October 2016) was a Welsh actor and director, born in Pembroke Dock, Pembrokeshire, Wales. He is known for his many roles in numerous theatre productions as well as the founder of the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield (project time period 1945-68).

neg: Julian Peedle-Calloo Julian Peedle-Calloo (born 1977) is a British actor, writer, director and television presenter. He has been Deaf since birth.

neg: Joe Cribb Joe Cribb is a numismatist, specialising in Asian coinages, and in particular on coins of the Kushan Empire. His catalogues of Chinese silver currency ingots, and of ritual coins of Southeast Asia were the first detailed works on these subjects in English.

neg: Harris G. Cope Harris Goodwin Cope (March 16, 1880 – September 24, 1924) was an American football and baseball player and football coach. Cope was a member of the National Football Rules Committee in 1914–15.

neg: Jehovahkill Jehovahkill is the eighth album by Julian Cope, released in 1992. After the critical success of "Peggy Suicide" (1991), Cope's idea for "Jehovakill" was to incorporate a krautrock attitude into his music. He began recording the album with musicians Rooster Cosby and Donald Ross Skinner, while co-producing it with the latter. The sessions yielded what Cope considered to be his most sonically experimental material to date. Originally titleing the record "Julian H. Cope", he sent an eleven track version to Island Records, who initially rejected its release, but relentfully gave Cope extra recording sessions for the album. During the extra sessions, in which six extra songs were recorded, the album became harder and was retitled "Jehovahkill".

neg: Julian Wade Julian Wade (born 12 July 1990) is a Dominican professional footballer who plays as a striker for TT Pro League club Caledonia AIA. He also represents the Dominica national team.

neg: Julian Jaynes Julian Jaynes (February 27, 1920 – November 21, 1997) was an American psychologist, best known for his book "The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind" (1976), in which he argued that ancient peoples were not conscious.

neg: Roger Cribb Roger Llewellyn Dunmore Cribb (6 January 1948 – 24 August 2007) was an Australian archaeologist and anthropologist who specialised in documenting and modelling spatial patterns and social organisation of nomadic peoples. He is noted for conducting early fieldwork amongst the nomadic pastoralists of Anatolia, Turkey; writing a book on the archaeology of these nomads; pioneering Australian archaeology and anthropologies' use of geographical information systems, plus genealogical software; and conducting later fieldwork documenting the cultural landscapes of the Aboriginal peoples of Cape York Peninsula.

neg: Julian Hipwood Julian Hipwood (born 23 June 1946) is a British polo player and coach.

neg: Julian Gamble Julian Gamble (born September 15, 1989) is an American professional basketball player who plays for Telekom Baskets Bonn in the German Bundesliga. He plays at center position.

neg: Luke Cresswell Luke Cresswell (born 1 October 1963) is a co-creator (along with Steve McNicholas) of the dance percussion act Stomp. He is a self-taught percussionist and one-time member of British busking/cabaret musical group Pookiesnackenburger. Stomp is famous for using ordinary objects as instruments (dustbins, brooms, etc.)

neg: Cribbar The Cribbar (Cornish - "kribow": reefs), also known as the Widow Maker, is a reef off the Towan Headland in Newquay, Cornwall, England, United Kingdom.

neg: Sir Jonathan Cope, 1st Baronet Sir Jonathan Cope, 1st Baronet (c. 1691 – 28 March 1765), was a British politician.

neg: George Charles Crick George Charles Crick FGS FRGS FZS (9 October 1856 – 18 October 1917) was a British geologist, one of the original members of the Malacological Society of London on its foundation in 1893, an authority on the fossil Cephalopoda compiling an early catalogue on it for the Natural History Museum and an author of numerous papers in the Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London and the Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London.

neg: Nicki Chapman Nicki Chapman (born 14 January 1967, Herne Bay, Kent, England) is an English television presenter who also works in the British pop music industry. She was also a judge on the ITV reality shows "Popstars", with Nigel Lythgoe and Paul Adam, and "Pop Idol", along with Simon Cowell, Pete Waterman and Neil Fox. Nicki currently hosts "Wanted Down Under", "Escape to the Country" and its spin-off "I Escaped to the Country", and "The RHS Chelsea Flower Show". She also presents on BBC Radio 2 as a stand-in presenter.

neg: Jem Finer Jeremy Max "Jem" Finer (born 25 July 1955) is an English musician, artist and composer. He was one of the founding members of The Pogues.

neg: Andrew Cope Andy Cope (born 1966) is a happiness researcher and children's author. Spy Dog], Spy Pups and Spy Cat series (Puffin). Andy has also written "Racoon Rampage" and "Racoon Rampage: The Raid" for Harper Collins

neg: Droolian Droolian is the sixth album by Julian Cope, released in 1990.

neg: Samuel Jay Crumbine Samuel Jay Crumbine (September 17, 1862 – July 12, 1954) was a pioneer in public health who campaigned against the common drinking cup, the common towel, and spitting in public in order to prevent the spread of tuberculosis and other germs.

neg: Bruce Cribb Bruce Brian Hoani Cribb (born June 27, 1946) is a former speedway rider from New Zealand, who rode in the UK for several teams in a career spanning over twenty years.


query: Dawn French's Girls Who Do Comedy included which American comedienne and television host?

pos: Dawn French's Girls Who Do Comedy Dawn French's Girls Who Do Comedy is an interview series shown on BBC Four. In the series, Dawn French interviewed some of the most prolific comedians of the century from Phyllis Diller to Catherine Tate and asked about life, love, family and comedy. The series was shown as three episodes featuring clips from French's various interviews with different comedians, however, from 25 to 30 December 2006 BBC Four showed six full interviews of 20–30 minutes. They are (in order of re-broadcast on BBC Four) Whoopi Goldberg, Catherine Tate, Kathy Burke, Julie Walters, Victoria Wood and Joan Rivers. This is one of the last interviews done with the late comedian Linda Smith. Each episode ends with a tribute to Linda Smith.

pos: Joan Rivers Joan Alexandra Molinsky (June 8, 1933 – September 4, 2014), widely known as Joan Rivers, was an American comedian, actress, writer, producer, and television host. She was noted for her often controversial comedic persona—alternatingly self-deprecating or sharply acerbic, especially toward celebrities and politicians.

neg: Cristina Saralegui Cristina Maria Saralegui (born January 29, 1948) is a Cuban-born American journalist, television personality, actress and talk show host of the Spanish-language eponymous show, "Cristina".

neg: David Steinberg David Steinberg {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (born August 9, 1942) is a Canadian comedian, actor, writer, director, and author. At the height of his popularity, during the late 1960s and early 1970s, he was one of the best-known comics in the United States. He appeared on "The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson" more than 130 times (second only to Bob Hope in number of appearances) and served as guest host 12 times, the youngest person ever to guest-host. Steinberg directed several films and episodes of television situation comedies, including "Seinfeld", "Friends", "Mad About You", "Curb Your Enthusiasm", "The Golden Girls", and "Designing Women".

neg: The Fran Drescher Show The Fran Drescher Show (also called The Fran Drescher Tawk Show) was an American talk show hosted by actress Fran Drescher. The series premiered on November 26, 2010, in six cities on Fox owned stations: New York on WNYW, Los Angeles on KTTV, Philadelphia on WTXF, Phoenix on KSAZ, Minneapolis on KMSP and Orlando on WOFL. "The Fran Drescher Show" was given a three-week trial run with the option of being nationally syndicated. In its debut, the program placing a 0.8 rating/2 share in six metered markets. With declining ratings throughout its run, the show did not return.

neg: Lisa Rinna Lisa Deanna Rinna (born July 11, 1963) is an American actress and television host. She is best known for her roles as Billie Reed on the NBC daytime soap opera "Days of Our Lives", Taylor McBride on Fox's television drama "Melrose Place" and as the host of Soapnet's talk show "Soap Talk". Rinna was also a contestant on the fourth and sixth seasons of "The Celebrity Apprentice". In 2014, she became a cast member on the fifth season of Bravo's reality television series "The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills".

neg: Samantha Bee Samantha Jamie Bee (born October 25, 1969) is a Canadian-American comedian, writer, producer, political commentator, actress, media critic, and television host. Bee rose to fame as a correspondent on "The Daily Show with Jon Stewart", where she became the longest-serving regular correspondent. In 2015, she departed the show after 12 years to start her own show, "Full Frontal with Samantha Bee".

neg: Belle Barth Belle Barth (April 27, 1911 – February 14, 1971), née Annabelle Salzman, was a Jewish-American comedian who worked primarily during the 1950s and 1960s. She was known for her bawdy, irreverent humor.

neg: Katie Rich Katie Rich is an American comedy writer and actress best known for her work on "Saturday Night Live".

neg: Jennifer Dorogi Jennifer Dorogi (born in Michigan) is an American model, actress, host and style expert of Hungarian and Vietnamese descent.

neg: Katie Morgan Katie Morgan (born as Sarah Carradine on March 17, 1980) is an American pornographic actress, film actress, former radio talk-show host, and feature dancer.

neg: Rivka Michaeli Rivka Michaeli (Hebrew: רבקה מיכאלי ; born April 14, 1938) is an Israeli actress, comedian, television hostess, and entertainer.

neg: Markie Post Marjorie Armstrong "Markie" Post (born November 4, 1950) is an American actress, known for her roles as bail bondswoman Terri Michaels in "The Fall Guy" on ABC from 1982 to 1985, as public defender Christine Sullivan on the NBC sitcom "Night Court" from 1985 to 1992, and as Georgie Anne Lahti Hartman on the CBS sitcom "Hearts Afire" from 1992 to 1995.

neg: Lois Smith Lois Arlene Smith (née Humbert; born November 3, 1930) is an American actress. She has played supporting roles in films including "East of Eden", "Five Easy Pieces", "Resurrection", "Fatal Attraction", "Fried Green Tomatoes", "Dead Man Walking", "Tumbleweeds", "Twister", "Please Give" and 2016's "The Comedian" and "The Nice Guys". In television, she has performed in series that include "The Americans", "True Blood", and "Desperate Housewives".

neg: Nicole Parker Nicole Frances Parker (born February 21, 1978) is an American comedian, actress and singer best known for her work on Fox's sketch comedy show "MADtv". In July 2009, she concluded her run as Elphaba in the Broadway production of "Wicked", a role that she reprised on tour across North America.

neg: Kelly Ripa Kelly Maria Ripa (born October 2, 1970) is an American actress, dancer, talk show host, and television producer.

neg: Adrianne Frost Adrianne Frost (born October 16, 1972) is an American comedian, author, and actress. She is best known for her work on Comedy Central's "The Daily Show" and VH1's "Best Week Ever."

neg: Bea Arthur Beatrice "Bea" Arthur (born Bernice Frankel; May 13, 1922 – April 25, 2009) was an American actress, comedian, singer, and animal rights activist. Her career spanned seven decades.

neg: Michele Boyd Michele Catherine Boyd is an American actress, producer and host.

neg: Marie (1980 TV series) Marie is an American comedy-variety show hosted by and starring singer-actress Marie Osmond that aired on NBC from December 12, 1980 to September 26, 1981 with a total of seven episodes produced over half a season.

neg: Virginia Graham Virginia Graham, born Virginia Komiss, (July 4, 1912 – December 22, 1998) was a daytime television talk show host from the mid-1950s to the mid-1970s. On television, Graham hosted the syndicated programs "Food for Thought" (1953–1957), "Girl Talk", which debuted in January 1963 and ran until 1969; and "The Virginia Graham Show" (1970–1972). She was also a guest on many other programs.

neg: Luenell Luenell Campbell (born March 12, 1959), known professionally as Luenell, is an American comedian and actress.


query: What is the highest ice hockey league in Austria in which Orli Znojmo participate in?

pos: Hostan Arena Nevoga Arena is an indoor sporting arena located in Znojmo, Czech Republic, which is currently home to the Orli Znojmo ice hockey team of the Austrian Hockey League. The arena has a capacity of 4,800 people and was built in 1970.

pos: Austrian Hockey League The Austrian Hockey League (German: "Österreichische Eishockey-Liga" ), called the Erste Bank Eishockey Liga (English: First Bank Hockey League ) for sponsorship reasons, is the highest-level ice hockey league in Austria.

neg: 1991–92 Austrian Hockey League season The 1991–92 Austrian Hockey League season was the 62nd season of the Austrian Hockey League, the top level of ice hockey in Austria. Seven teams participated in the league, and EC VSV won the championship.

neg: Landesliga Steiermark The Landesliga Steiermark is the football division of the Austrian state of Styria. It is the fourth highest soccer league in Austria.

neg: Erste Bank Eishockey Liga Playoffs The playoff results from the Erste Bank Eishockey Liga era of the Austrian Hockey League. The Austrian Hockey League was renamed the Erste Bank Eishockey Liga in 2003. These are the playoff records from that era.

neg: Jakub Grof Jakub Grof (born May 16, 1981) is a Czech professional ice hockey defenceman currently playing with Orli Znojmo of the Austrian Hockey League (EBEL). He previously played with HC Zlín in the Czech Extraliga during the 2010–11 Czech Extraliga season.

neg: Croatian Ice Hockey League The Croatian Ice Hockey League is the top ice hockey league in Croatia. At the end of the season the Croatian Championship is held. The league is operated by the Croatian Ice Hockey Federation.

neg: EC Kitzbühel EC Kitzbuhel is an ice hockey team in Kitzbühel, Austria.

neg: HK Acroni Jesenice Hokejski Klub Acroni Jesenice (English: Acroni Jesenice Hockey Club ), commonly referred to as HK Acroni Jesenice or simply Jesenice, was a Slovenian ice hockey team that last played in the Austrian Erste Bank Hockey League and the Slovenian Ice Hockey League. They played their home games at the Podmežakla Hall in Jesenice. Throughout its history Jesenice was regarded as one of the most successful clubs in Slovenian and Yugoslav ice hockey until September 2012, when the club filed for bankruptcy and was dissolved.

neg: Ekstraklasa (ice hockey) The Polish ice hockey Ekstraklasa (polish – "Ekstraliga polska w hokeju na lodzie") was the premier ice hockey league in Poland. Previously, it was known as the I Liga or Ekstraklasa from 1927–1999, and the Polska Liga Hokejowa from 1999–2013. In 2013, it was reorganized as a limited liability company and renamed the Polska Hokej Liga.

neg: 1958–59 Austrian Hockey League season The 1958–59 Austrian Hockey League season was the 29th season of the Austrian Hockey League, the top level of ice hockey in Austria. Six teams participated in the league, and EV Innsbruck won the championship.

neg: 1978–79 Czechoslovak Extraliga season The 1978–79 Czechoslovak Extraliga season was the 36th season of the Czechoslovak Extraliga, the top level of ice hockey in Czechoslovakia. 12 teams participated in the league, and Slovan CHZJD Bratislava won the championship.

neg: Wiener EV Wiener EV is a former ice hockey team that was located in Vienna, Austria. They were founded in 1914, and have won fourteen national titles.

neg: HC Sierre-Anniviers HC Sierre-Anniviers is a professional ice hockey team, in Switzerland. It has been several times in the top Swiss hockey leagues National League A (NLA) and National League B (NLB) but is now playing in the Premier League.

neg: Stefan Pittl Stefan Pittl (born June 2, 1984) is an Austrian professional ice hockey defenceman currently playing EHC Kundl in the lower Austrian league. He joined Kundl after six seasons for HC TWK Innsbruck of the Erste Bank Hockey League.

neg: Swiss League The Swiss League is the second tier of the main professional ice hockey league in Switzerland, behind the National League. The winners of this league each season play a best-of-seven series against the bottom team of the NL and, if they win, they are promoted, while the National League team is relegated to the Swiss League.

neg: Austrian champions (ice hockey) The Austrian ice hockey championship (in German: Österreichische Eishockey-Meister) has been awarded to men since 1923, and for women since 1999.

neg: Austrian Futsal Liga The Austrian Futsal Liga is the premier futsal league in Austria. It was founded in 2002. The league is played under UEFA rules and organized by Austrian Football Association, currently consists of10 teams.

neg: Aukro Berani Zlín Aukro Berani Zlín is an ice hockey team in the Czech Extraliga. Their home arena is Zimní stadion Luďka Čajky in Zlín (The biggest city in the Moravian Wallachia). They won the Extraliga in 2004 and 2014. They were formerly known as PSG Zlín and HC Hamé Zlín.

neg: Slovenská hadzanárska extraliga Extraliga is the highest league in the league system of Slovak Handball and comprises the top 8 Slovak handball teams. The first season began in 1993-94.

neg: 2006–07 Austrian Hockey League season The 2006–07 Austrian Hockey League season was the 77th season of the Austrian Hockey League, the top level of ice hockey in Austria. Eight teams participated in the league, and EC Red Bull Salzburg won the championship.

neg: HK Dukla Trenčín Hokejový Klub Dukla Trenčín is a professional Slovak ice hockey club based in Trenčín, playing in the Slovak Extraliga. The club has won three Slovak league championships (1994, 1997, 2004) and one Czechoslovak league championship (1992). The team is nicknamed "Vojaci", it means Soldiers in English.


query: Kirksey McCord Nix Jr. is reputedly the former leader of what violent criminal organization based in Biloxi, Mississippi.that uses member's to help move stolen merchandise, illegal alcohol, and illegal drugs.

pos: Kirksey Nix Kirksey McCord Nix Jr. (born 1943) is reputedly the former leader of the Dixie Mafia.

pos: Dixie Mafia The Dixie Mafia is a criminal organization based in Biloxi, Mississippi that operates primarily in the Southern United States (hence the name "dixie"). The group uses each member's talents in various crime categories to help move stolen merchandise, illegal alcohol, and illegal drugs. It is also known for violence.

neg: East Harlem Purple Gang The East Harlem Purple Gang was a semi-independent gang of Italian American hit-men and heroin dealers who, according to federal prosecutors, dominated heroin distribution in East Harlem and the Bronx during the late 1970s and early 1980s in New York City. Though mostly independent of the Italian-American Mafia and not an official Italian-American Mafia crew, the gang was originally affiliated with and worked with the Lucchese crime family and later with the Bonanno crime family and Genovese crime family. It developed its "closest ties" with the Genovese family, and its remnants or former members are now part of the Genovese family's 116th Street Crew.

neg: Fraternal Order of Police The Fraternal Order of Police (FOP) is a fraternal organization consisting of sworn law enforcement officers in the United States. It reports a membership of over 325,000 members organized in 2100 local chapters (lodges), organized into local lodges, state lodges, and the national Grand Lodge. The organization attempts to improve the working conditions of law enforcement officers and the safety of those they serve through education, legislation, information, community involvement, and employee representation.

neg: Drug trafficking organizations Drug trafficking organizations are defined by the United States Department of Justice as, "complex organizations with highly defined command-and-control structures that produce, transport, and/or distribute large quantities of one or more illicit drugs." Also known by the shortened acronym DTOs, the groups are responsible for large portions of the illegal drugs entering the United States each year.

neg: Cowboy Mafia The Cowboy Mafia was the nickname for a group of marijuana smugglers who operated in the United States during the 1970s. At the time they were reportedly the largest drug smugglers in Texas. The nickname was given to the group by the Dallas media, as the capture and trial of the group created significant media coverage throughout Texas.

neg: Milwaukee crime family The Milwaukee crime family or Balistrieri crime family is an American Mafia crime family based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The crime family was considered a branch of the Chicago Outfit. The family's most influential boss was Frank "Mr. Big" Balistrieri, who was greatly involved in the Las Vegas skimming casinos. Today, the crime family is nearly extinct, since Balistrieri died in 1993, with the "Chicago Outfit" gaining control over some of the illegal rackets in the area.

neg: 18th Street gang 18th Street, also known as "Calle 18" , "Barrio 18" , "Mara 18" , or simply "La 18" in Central America, is a multi-ethnic (largely Central American and Mexican) transnational criminal organization that started as a street gang in Los Angeles. They are considered to be the largest transnational criminal gang in Los Angeles and it is estimated that there are tens of thousands of members in Los Angeles County alone. Their wide-ranging illegal activities and notoriety has come to the attention of the FBI and Immigration and Customs Enforcement. In the early 2000s, the government initiated raids against known and suspected gang members netting hundreds of arrests across the country.

neg: Philadelphia Greek Mob Philadelphia's Greek Mob, or the Greek Mafia, are a low-profile criminal organization of ethnic Greek Americans in Philadelphia with alleged connections to the Italian Philadelphia crime family. They were formed in southern Greece by the original boss Steve Kondonyanis. Kondonyanis also had strong ties with the Efthimiades family of Macedonia in Northern Greece. When the Efthimiades family was run out of power in the 1960s, Kondonyanis decided to move his operations to the culturally diverse America. When Kondonyanis was sentenced to jail to serve life for murder, mobster Chelsais Bouras took over.

neg: Margaritaville Resort Biloxi Margaritaville Resort Biloxi is a resort hotel in Biloxi on the Mississippi Gulf Coast. It previously operated with a dockside casino as Casino Magic Biloxi Casino & Hotel, until it was severely damaged by Hurricane Katrina in 2005. The property has a 373-room hotel, located on 10.6 acre of land.

neg: Iowa State Patrol The Iowa State Patrol (ISP) is the state police organization in the state of Iowa. Currently, there are just over 355 officers in the patrol, roughly 100 troopers short of their authorized strength of 455. State Troopers are responsible for patrolling over 112000 mi of roadways in the state. The State is broken into 16 Districts. Their primary concern is enforcing motor vehicle laws, but they also assist with other incidents. These include riots, prison disturbances, labor related disturbances, and providing security at sporting events. The Iowa State Patrol falls under the jurisdiction of the Iowa Department of Public Safety, which also runs the Iowa Division of Criminal Investigation, also known as DCI.

neg: Houston crime family The Houston crime family, often labeled as the Houston mob, Galveston Island mob or simply Island Mob was an Italian-American organized crime family centered in the Houston area, and beginning in the resort town of Galveston, Texas, just south of Houston. The family is credited as being influential in the development of Galveston Island into a resort town. The family reached its peak of power during the 1920s during the prohibition, where Sam Maceo led the family to control the illegal distribution of alcohol, prostitution, as well as gambling.

neg: Frankfurt mafia Frankfurt mafia is an criminal group mostly from the little town of Veles, Macedonia that was involved in activities in Frankfurt, Germany and Vienna, Austria regarding heroin trade. It is a part of Macedonian mafia.

neg: Greenwood, Tulsa Greenwood is a neighborhood in Tulsa, Oklahoma. As one of the most prominent concentrations of African-American businesses in the United States during the early 20th century, it was popularly known as America's "Black Wall Street" until the Tulsa race riot of 1921, in which the Oklahoma state government with the assistance of Tulsa's white residents massacred hundreds of black residents and razed the neighborhood within hours. The riot was one of the most devastating massacres in the history of U.S. race relations, destroying the once thriving Greenwood community.

neg: Bottoms Gang The Bottoms Gang was an American street gang that terrorized St. Louis, Missouri in the early 20th century. Their main criminal activities included voter intimidation, armed robbery, assault, illegal lottery, and murder. The gang's members were primarily Irish-American, with a handful of German and Missouri Creole hoodlums sprinkled in their ranks. The ferocious Bottoms Gang had a meteoric rise and fall in St. Louis's underworld. They feuded with the larger Egan's Rats gang and became notorious for going out of their way to attack members of the St. Louis Police Department. They made up for their lack of numbers with frenzied brutality and reckless nerve. Crippled by arrests and murders, the Bottoms Gang had ceased to exist by the time America entered World War I.

neg: Dead Man Incorporated Dead Man Inc. or DMI is a predominantly white prison gang with branches in many correctional facilities throughout the U.S.

neg: K&A Gang The K&A Gang (currently known as the Northeast Philly Irish Mob) is a predominantly Irish American criminal network based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The K&A Gang was started following World War II and controlled the city's Irish-American criminal underworld for much of the late 20th century. The group was mainly a burglary ring for much of its early history, but shifted into loansharking, gambling, and ultimately drug trafficking in its later existence. The name "K&A" is derived from Kensington and Allegheny, the road intersection where the gang originally formed.

neg: Extortion Extortion (also called shakedown, outwrestling and exaction) is a criminal offense of obtaining money, property, or services from an individual or institution, through coercion. It is sometimes euphemistically referred to as a "protection racket" since the racketeers often phrase their demands a payment for "protection" from (real or hypothetical) threats from unspecified other parties; though often, and almost always, the person or organization offering "protection" is the same one willing to cause harm if the money is not paid, and such is implied in the "protection" offer. Extortion is commonly practiced by organized crime groups. The actual obtainment of money or property is not required to commit the offense. Making a threat of violence which refers to a requirement of a payment of money or property to halt future violence is sufficient to commit the offense. Exaction refers not only to extortion or the demanding and obtaining of something through force, but additionally, in its formal definition, means the infliction of something such as pain and suffering or making somebody endure something unpleasant.

neg: Lorenzo Collins Lorenzo Collins (c. 1972 – February 28, 1997) was an African-American man with a history of mental illness who was shot by Cincinnati police while threatening officers with a brick, subsequently dying from his injuries five days later at age twenty-five. During the previous three months of his life Collins had been in and out of the Hamilton County mental health system. Many experts involved in the case believed that Collins, who was a violent psychotic, should never have been released from treatment to begin with. This case predated the 2001 Cincinnati riots by more than four years. The public criticism of the event was very heated, with one local community leader, Reverend James W. Jones, stating, "They let us blow off steam and then it's back to business as usual. This time the black community should shut this town down. Hell, it's time we stopped playing games." The police were not prosecuted for their actions.

neg: Faces of Meth Faces of Meth is a drug prevention project run by the Multnomah County Sheriff's Office in the U.S. state of Oregon. The project uses mug shots of repeat offenders to demonstrate the harmful and damaging effects of methamphetamine on its users. The idea for Faces of Meth began in 2004 when deputy Bret King of the Corrections Division Classification Unit used mug shots to identify individuals with a history of using methamphetamine. King and his co-workers collected images of people charged with crimes related to methamphetamine addiction to document the change in physical appearance over time due to the use of the drug. The project uses before and after mug shot photos to show the physical deterioration of the user as a result of using methamphetamine. The images were originally used in educational slideshow and video presentations delivered to students in Oregon high schools. This Faces of Meth drug prevention strategy has since become popular across the United States.

neg: Hudson Dusters The Hudson Dusters was a New York City street gang during the early twentieth century. Formed in the late 1890s by "Circular Jack", "Kid Yorke", and "Goo Goo Knox", the gang began operating from an apartment house on Hudson Street. Knox, a former member of the Gopher Gang, had fled after a failed attempt to gain leadership of the gang from then leader, Marty Brennan. However the two gangs later became allies during the gang wars against "Gay Nineties" gangs, the Potashes and Boodle Gangs, soon controlling most of Manhattan's West Side as far as 13th Street and eastern Broadway, bordering Paul Kelly's Five Points Gang to the north. While the gang dominated the West Side, it constantly battled smaller rival gangs including the Fashion Plates, the Pearl Buttons, and the Marginals for control of the Hudson River docks throughout the 1900s. Eventually, it drove the rival gangs out through sheer force of numbers, with over 200 members, not including the Gophers, who numbered several hundred more, controlling the waterfront by 1910.

neg: Biloxi station Biloxi is a closed and unstaffed Amtrak intercity train station in Biloxi, Mississippi. There is no station building; there is only a covered platform. Service on this portion of the "Sunset Limited" has been suspended since Hurricane Katrina struck Biloxi in 2005. The station is across the street from the Biloxi Transit Center, which serves Coast Transit Authority and Greyhound buses.


query: The Hindenburg Programme began after the sacking of which chief after the battle of Verdun?

pos: Hindenburg Programme The Hindenburg Programme of August 1916 is the name given to the armaments and economic policy begun in late 1916 by the Third "Oberste Heeresleitung" ("OHL", the German General Staff), Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg and General Erich Ludendorff. The two were appointed after the sacking of General Erich von Falkenhayn on 28 August 1916 and intended to double German industrial production, greatly to increase the output of munitions and weapons.

pos: Erich von Falkenhayn General Erich Georg Anton von Falkenhayn (11 September 1861 – 8 April 1922) was the Chief of the German General Staff during the First World War from September 1914 until 29 August 1916. He was removed in the late summer of 1916 after the failure at the battle of Verdun, the opening of the Allied offensive on the Somme, the Brusilov Offensive and the entry of Romania into the war. He was later given important field commands in Romania and Syria. His reputation as a war leader was attacked in Germany during and after the war, especially by the faction which supported Hindenburg. Falkenhayn held that Germany could not win the war by a decisive battle but would have to reach a compromise peace; his enemies said he lacked the resolve necessary to win a decisive victory. Falkenhayn's relations with the Chancellor Bethmann-Hollweg were troubled and undercut Falkenhayn's plans.

neg: Fortified Position of Namur The fortified position of Namur ("position fortifiée de Namur" (PFN)) was established by Belgium following World War I to fortify the traditional invasion corridor between Germany and France through Belgium. The position incorporated the fortress ring of Namur, originally designed by Belgian General Henri Alexis Brialmont to deter an invasion of Belgium by France. The old fortifications consisted of nine forts built between 1888 and 1892 on either side of the Meuse, surrounding Namur. In the years immediately prior to World War II the forts were modernized to address shortcomings exposed during the 1914 Battle of Liège and the short siege of Namur. While the Namur defenses continued to nominally deter France from violating Belgium's neutrality, the seven upgraded forts were intended as a backstop to the fortified position of Liège, which was designed to prevent a second German incursion into Belgium on the way to France. The neutrality policy and fortification programs failed, and the Namur forts saw brief combat during the Battle of Belgium in 1940.

neg: Robert Saundby Air Marshal Sir Robert Henry Magnus Spencer Saundby {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (26 April 1896 – 25 September 1971) was an RAF officer whose career spanned both World War I and World War II. He distinguished himself gaining five victories during World War I, and was present during the air battle when Lanoe Hawker was shot down and killed by Manfred von Richthofen, the "Red Baron". He is chiefly remembered for his role as Deputy AOC in C Bomber Command under Sir Arthur 'Bomber' Harris during the latter part of World War II.

neg: Hermann Göring Hermann Wilhelm Göring (or Goering; ] ; 12 January 1893 – 15 October 1946) was a German political and military leader as well as one of the most powerful figures in the Nazi Party (NSDAP) that ruled Germany from 1933 to 1945. A veteran World War I fighter pilot ace, he was a recipient of the "Pour le Mérite". He was the last commander of "Jagdgeschwader" 1, the fighter wing once led by Manfred von Richthofen.

neg: Battle of Witpoort The Battle of Witpoort was a battle during the Second Anglo-Boer War. Major Frederick Henry Munn commanded the detachment of the Royal Irish Fusiliers at Witpoort which was attacked on 16 July 1900, his orders being to "hold his position at all costs". The Boers called on Major Munn to surrender, but, scornfully refusing, he held out from daybreak till 2 pm, when the Canadian forces mounted a counterattack and the Boers retired. The battle became famous because of the death of Harold Lothrop Borden.

neg: Wilhelm Keitel Wilhelm Keitel (22 September 1882 – 16 October 1946) was a German field marshal who served as Chief of the Armed Forces High Command ("Oberkommando der Wehrmacht" or OKW) in Nazi Germany during World War II. According to David Stahel, Keitel was "well known and [...] reviled as Hitler's dependable mouthpiece and habitual yes-man" among his military colleagues.

neg: Noel Stephen Paynter Air Commodore Noel Stephen "Peter" Paynter, CB, former chief intelligence officer of Bomber Command, (26 December 1898 – 16 March 1998). Paynter was a senior member of the team which ran RAF Bomber Command under its formidable C-in-C, Air Chief Marshal Sir Arthur Harris, throughout the last three years of the Second World War. His reports, as head of intelligence, lay behind many of the raids on German cities, which remain the subject of controversy. Paynter insisted to the end that reliable sources had led them to believe that the Nazis had hidden large munitions stores in such historic towns as Dresden; Hitler thought that the Allies would not attack them.

neg: Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig Field Marshal Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} ( ; 19 June 1861 – 29 January 1928) was a senior officer of the British Army. During the First World War he commanded the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) on the Western Front from late 1915 until the end of the war. He was commander during the Battle of the Somme, the battle with one of the highest casualties in British military history, the Third Battle of Ypres, the German Spring Offensive, and the Hundred Days Offensive, which led to the armistice of 11 November 1918.

neg: Horace Hood Rear Admiral Sir Horace Lambert Alexander Hood (2 October 1870 – 31 May 1916) was a British Royal Navy admiral of the First World War, whose lengthy and distinguished service saw him engaged in operations around the world, frequently participating in land campaigns as part of a shore brigade. His early death at the Battle of Jutland in the destruction of his flagship HMS "Invincible" was met with mourning and accolades from across Britain.

neg: Trafford Leigh-Mallory Air Chief Marshal Sir Trafford Leigh-Mallory, (11 July 1892 – 14 November 1944) was a senior commander in the Royal Air Force. Leigh-Mallory served as a Royal Flying Corps pilot and squadron commander during the First World War. Remaining in the newly formed RAF after the war, Leigh-Mallory served in a variety of staff and training appointments throughout the 1920s and 1930s.

neg: Maginot Barracks Maginot Barracks (French: "Caserne Maginot" ) in Verdun, France, is located near the west end of town, and has served as a military base for the French and American armies at different times over the past one hundred years. It became headquarters for ADSEC, the Advance Section of COMZ (Communications Zone) of the U.S. Army, shortly after World War II until 1967 when it reverted to French control after Charles de Gaulle's withdrawal from the military integration of NATO. The barracks was named for André Maginot, the Minister of War responsible for the Maginot Line, who had served as an enlisted man at Verdun in World War I.

neg: Vyvyan Pope Lieutenant General Vyvyan Vavasour Pope CBE DSO MC & Bar (30 September 1891 – 5 October 1941) was a senior British Army officer who was prominent in developing ideas about the use of armour in battle in the interwar years, and who briefly commanded XXX Corps during World War II, before being killed in an air crash.

neg: Schlieffen Plan The Schlieffen Plan (German: "Schlieffen-Plan" , ] ) was the name given after World War I to the thinking behind the German invasion of France and Belgium on 4 August 1914. Field Marshal Alfred von Schlieffen, the Chief of the Imperial Army German General Staff from 1891 to 1906, devised a deployment plan for a war-winning offensive, in a one-front war against the French Third Republic from 1905–06. After the war, the German official historians of the "Reichsarchiv" and other writers, described the plan as a blueprint for victory. German historians claimed that the plan had been ruined by "Generaloberst" (Colonel-General) Helmuth von Moltke the Younger, the Commander-in-Chief of the German army after Schlieffen retired in 1906, who was dismissed after the First Battle of the Marne (5–12 September 1914).

neg: First Battle of Jaunde The First Battle of Jaunde involved the attempted British and French assault on the German capital of Jaunde during the Kamerun Campaign of the First World War. Due to a lack of coordination, difficult terrain, adverse weather conditions, and stiff German resistance, the attack was forced to retreat in late June 1915. Another assault on the capital would not be conducted until later that year.

neg: Battle of Montereau The Battle of Montereau (18 February 1814) was fought during the War of the Sixth Coalition between an Imperial French army led by Emperor Napoleon and a corps of Austrians and Württembergers commanded by Crown Prince Frederick William of Württemberg. While Napoleon's army mauled an Allied army under Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher, the main Allied army commanded by Karl Philipp, Prince of Schwarzenberg advanced to a position dangerously close to Paris. Gathering up his outnumbered forces, Napoleon rushed his soldiers south to deal with Schwarzenberg. Hearing of the approach of the French emperor, the Allied commander ordered a withdrawal, but 17 February saw his rear guards overrun or brushed aside.

neg: Prince Edward of Saxe-Weimar Prince William Augustus Edward of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (11 October 1823 – 16 November 1902) was a British military officer of German parents. After a career in the Grenadier Guards, he became Major General commanding the Brigade of Guards and General Officer Commanding the Home District in 1870, General Officer Commanding Southern District in October 1878 and Commander-in-Chief, Ireland in October 1885. He was promoted to field marshal in 1897 despite his career including no great military achievements.

neg: Fabian Gottlieb von Osten-Sacken Prince Fabian Gottlieb von der Osten-Sacken (Russian: Фабиан Вильгельмович Остен-Сакен ) (20 October 1752 – 7 September 1837) was a Baltic-German Field Marshal who led the Russian army against the Duchy of Warsaw and later governed Paris during the city's brief occupation by the anti-French coalition.

neg: Sydney Fremantle Admiral Sir Sydney Robert Fremantle, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (16 November 1867 – 29 April 1958) was an officer of the Royal Navy, who served during the Victorian era and had risen to the rank of rear-admiral by the outbreak of the First World War. He played a role in developing fleet communications and signalling methods prior to the war, but was hampered in effectively implementing them due to the disruption caused by the conflict. He had an active seagoing career during the war, commanding several of the cruiser squadrons, and later taking command of the British fleet in the Aegean. Promoted to vice-admiral after the end of the war and given command of the First Battle Squadron, Fremantle oversaw the interned German High Seas Fleet at Scapa Flow, and was away on exercises when the sailors began to scuttle their ships in June 1919. He attempted to salvage what he could, later accusing the German commander, Vice-Admiral Ludwig von Reuter, of a shameful breach of honour. Fremantle rose to full admiral and commanded the naval base at Portsmouth, retiring in 1928. He wrote his memoirs, publishing them after the Second World War, and donated many of his papers to institutions before his death in 1958.

neg: Hindenburg Bridge The Hindenburg Bridge was a railway bridge over the Rhine between Rüdesheim in the German state of Hesse and Bingen-Kempten state of Rhineland-Palatinate, named in 1918 after Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg, later German President. The bridge was put in service in 1915, destroyed in the Second World War and never rebuilt.

neg: Heinrich Baron von Behr Heinrich von Behr (26 June [O.S. 13 June] 1902 – 14 August 1983) was a German general during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves of Nazi Germany. Behr surrendered to the British troops in April 1945 and was held until 1947. He later served in the Bundeswehr of West Germany, retiring in 1962 at the rank of a general.

neg: Edward Ellington Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir Edward Leonard Ellington, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (30 December 1877 – 13 June 1967) was a senior officer in the Royal Air Force. He served in the First World War as a staff officer and then as Director-General of Military Aeronautics and subsequently as Controller-General of Equipment. In the inter-war years he held command positions in the Middle East, in India and then in Iraq. He served as Chief of the Air Staff in the mid-1930s and in that role he implemented a plan, known as 'Scheme F', to increase the size of the Royal Air Force to 187 squadrons (five bomber squadrons for every two fighter squadrons reflecting the dominance of the bomber strategy at the time) within three years to counter the threat from Hitler's Germany. He also broke up the command known as "Air Defence of Great Britain" to create RAF Fighter Command, RAF Bomber Command, RAF Coastal Command and RAF Training Command. He then served as Inspector-General of the RAF until his retirement in 1940.


query: What romantic comedy features Donna Lynne Champlin as Paula Proctor?

pos: Donna Lynne Champlin Donna Lynne Champlin (born January 21, 1971) is an American actress from New York City. She is best known for playing Paula Proctor in The CW comedy-drama series Crazy Ex-Girlfriend.

pos: Crazy Ex-Girlfriend (TV series) Crazy Ex-Girlfriend is an American romantic musical comedy-drama television series which premiered on October 12, 2015, on The CW. The series was created by Rachel Bloom and Aline Brosh McKenna, and stars Bloom in the lead role.

neg: Dancing Queen (1993 film) Dancing Queen is a 1993 British romantic comedy film about an hour long starring Rik Mayall and Helena Bonham Carter. It follows the misfortune of Neil (Mayall), a bridegroom trying to get back to his bride with the help of his newfound friend Pandora/Julie (Bonham Carter) the stripper. It was the third episode of the first series of the Granada Television series Rik Mayall Presents.

neg: The Good Catholic The Good Catholic is a 2017 American romantic comedy film directed and written by Paul Shoulberg. The film stars Zachary Spicer, Wrenn Schmidt, Danny Glover, and John C. McGinley.

neg: The Ladies Man (2000 film) The Ladies Man is a 2000 American comedy film that stars actor, comedian and former "Saturday Night Live" cast member Tim Meadows. It was directed by Reginald Hudlin. The movie focuses on the exploits of radio host and sex therapy expert Leon Phelps, a character Meadows developed on "SNL". The film was a critical and financial flop.

neg: That's Love That's Love! is a British television sitcom about the domestic problems of a young married couple, lawyer Donald (Jimmy Mulville) and designer Patsy (Diana Hardcastle). The programme was produced by TVS and first broadcast on ITV between 1988 and 1992.

neg: Younger (season 2) Younger is an American single-camera comedy-drama television series based on the Pamela Redmond Satran novel of the same name, created and produced by Darren Star. The series stars Sutton Foster as the lead character, with Debi Mazar, Miriam Shor, Nico Tortorella, Hilary Duff, Molly Bernard and Peter Hermann co-starring in other main roles. The pilot was picked up for a series in April 2014, with a 12-episode order. The first season consisted of 12 episodes, premiering on March 31, 2015 at 10 pm Eastern time.

neg: The Affairs of Martha The Affairs of Martha is a 1942 American romantic comedy film directed by Jules Dassin and written by Isobel Lennart based on her story. It stars Marsha Hunt and Richard Carlson. It is also known as "Once Upon a Thursday".

neg: The Convenient Groom The Convenient Groom is a 2016 American-Canadian romantic comedy television film directed by David Winning and starring Vanessa Marcil and David Sutcliffe. Based on the book by Denise Hunter and a screenplay by Julie Sherman Wolfe, the film is about a called-off wedding and a good friendship. The television film first aired on June 18, 2016, on the Hallmark Channel.

neg: Queens of Drama Queens of Drama is an American scripted reality drama television series. The series follows former daytime and primetime soap stars who form a production company to develop and produce of a new serialized drama pilot for television. It stars Lindsay Hartley, Crystal Hunt, Vanessa Marcil, Chrystee Pharris, and Hunter Tylo, along with Donna Mills as a fictionalized version of herself. Mills stars as a no-nonsense queen bee of the group.

neg: Ladies Man (1999 TV series) Ladies Man is an American television sitcom series starring Alfred Molina as husband, father, son, ex-husband and son-in-law who lives with a number of women under one roof. The show was first broadcast on September 20, 1999, and lasted for two seasons on CBS until June 27, 2001. The series co-starred Betty White and is perhaps most memorable for reuniting White and her "Golden Girls" co-stars Rue McClanahan and Estelle Getty in one of the later episodes.

neg: Paula Jai Parker Paula Jai Parker (born August 19, 1969) is an American actress, comedian, director and singer-songwriter. She has had number of supporting roles in films, including "Friday" (1995), "Sprung" (1997), "Why Do Fools Fall in Love" (1998), "Phone Booth" (2002), "Hustle & Flow" (2005), and "Idlewild" (2006). Parker also known for her voice of Trudy Proud in the Disney Channel animated comedy series, "The Proud Family" (2001-2005).

neg: Sally (1925 film) Sally is a 1925 silent romantic comedy film starring Colleen Moore. The film was directed by Alfred E. Green, produced by Moore's husband John McCormick (1893–1961), and based on the musical "Sally" written by Guy Bolton, Clifford Grey, and adapted to film by June Mathis. The film was based on a Florenz Ziegfeld production written specifically for Marilyn Miller that opened on December 21, 1920 at the New Amsterdam Theatre on Broadway. It ran for 570 performances.

neg: Matters of Life and Dating Matter of Life and Dating is a 2007 Lifetime Television movie, directed by Peter Wellington and starring Rachael Harris, Ricki Lake, and Holly Robinson Peete.

neg: Carol Burnett & Company Carol Burnett & Company is an American variety/sketch comedy television show starring Carol Burnett, Tim Conway, Vicki Lawrence, Craig Richard Nelson and Kenneth Mars that aired as a four-week summer series on ABC from August 18 to September 8, 1979.

neg: List of Shameless (U.S. TV series) episodes "Shameless" is an American television comedy-drama series which premiered on Showtime on January 9, 2011. Created by Paul Abbott the series is adapted by John Wells based upon the British series of the same name. HBO began developing an American version of "Shameless" after striking a deal with John Wells in January 2009. By October 2009 the development had moved to Showtime. John Wells Productions filmed a pilot episode for the cable network in December 2009.

neg: Cold Feet Cold Feet is a British comedy-drama television series produced by Granada Television for the ITV network. The series was created and principally written by Mike Bullen as a follow-up to his award-winning 1997 Comedy Premiere of the same name. The series follows three couples experiencing the ups-and-downs of romance, originally Adam Williams and Rachel Bradley (James Nesbitt and Helen Baxendale), Pete and Jenny Gifford (John Thomson and Fay Ripley) and Karen and David Marsden (Hermione Norris and Robert Bathurst). As the original series progressed, the Giffords divorced and Pete married Jo Ellison (Kimberley Joseph), whilst Karen and David also separated forming relationships with Mark Cubitt (Sean Pertwee) and Robyn Duff (Lucy Robinson).

neg: Little Miss Sunshine Little Miss Sunshine is a 2006 American comedy-drama road film and the directorial debut of the husband-wife team of Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris. The screenplay was written by first-time writer Michael Arndt. The film stars Greg Kinnear, Steve Carell, Toni Collette, Paul Dano, Abigail Breslin, and Alan Arkin, and was produced by Big Beach Films on a budget of US$8 million. Filming began on June 6, 2005 and took place over 30 days in Arizona and Southern California.

neg: List of Miranda episodes "Miranda" is a BBC television series co-written by and starring comedian Miranda Hart. It first aired on BBC Two on 9 November 2009 and has since moved to BBC One. The situation comedy also features Sarah Hadland, Tom Ellis, Patricia Hodge and Sally Phillips. The series is based on Hart's semi-autobiographical writing and followed a television pilot and the BBC Radio 2 comedy "Miranda Hart's Joke Shop". This was a very popular TV show watched by millions.

neg: A Touch of Grace A Touch of Grace is an American sitcom that was based on the British series "For the Love of Ada" starring Shirley Booth and J. Patrick O'Malley centering on a widow who moves in with her daughter and son-in-law and her romantic relationship with an elderly man. It aired on ABC from January 20 to April 21, 1973.

neg: 1775 (TV pilot) 1775 was a 1992 pilot episode for a CBS situation comedy, similar in style to the BBC situation comedy "Blackadder". Set in colonial Philadelphia during the run-up to the American Revolution, the series was to follow the exploits of innkeeper Jeremy Proctor and his family. The series was not picked up by CBS.

neg: Lovelife Lovelife is a 1997 romantic comedy film written and directed by Jon Harmon Feldman. The ensemble cast includes Matt Letscher, Sherilyn Fenn, Saffron Burrows, Carla Gugino, Bruce Davison, Jon Tenney and Peter Krause.


query: The United States acquired Florida from Madrid in exchange for settling a boundary dispute through what treaty?

pos: Legislative Council of the Territory of Florida The Legislative Council of the Territory of Florida, often referred to as the Florida Territorial Council or Florida Territorial Legislative Council, was the legislative body governing the American territory of Florida (Florida Territory) before statehood. The territory of Florida was acquired by the U.S. in 1821 under the Adams–Onís Treaty. Replacing the form of martial law that had existed in the territory since Florida was acquired, the U.S. Congress in 1822 established a territorial government consisting of a governor, secretary, thirteen-member Legislative Council, and judiciary, all of whom were appointed by the U.S. president.

pos: Adams–Onís Treaty The Adams–Onís Treaty of 1819, also known as the Transcontinental Treaty, the Florida Purchase Treaty, or the Florida Treaty, was a treaty between the United States and Spain in 1819 that ceded Florida to the U.S. and defined the boundary between the U.S. and New Spain. It settled a standing border dispute between the two countries and was considered a triumph of American diplomacy. It came in the midst of increasing tensions related to Spain's territorial boundaries in North America against the United States and Great Britain in the aftermath of the American Revolution; and also during the Latin American Wars of Independence. Florida had become a burden to Spain, which could not afford to send settlers or garrisons. Madrid decided to cede the territory to the United States through the Adams–Onís Treaty in exchange for settling the boundary dispute along the Sabine River in Spanish Texas. The treaty established the boundary of U.S. territory and claims through the Rocky Mountains and west to the Pacific Ocean, in exchange for the U.S. paying residents' claims against the Spanish government up to a total of $5,000,000 and relinquishing the US claims on parts of Spanish Texas west of the Sabine River and other Spanish areas, under the terms of the Louisiana Purchase.

neg: Treaty of Moultrie Creek The Treaty of Moultrie Creek was an agreement signed in 1823 between the government of the United States and the chiefs of several groups and bands of Indians living in the present-day state of Florida. The treaty established a reservation in the center of the Florida peninsula.

neg: Beagle Channel Arbitration On 22 July 1971 Salvador Allende and Alejandro Lanusse, the Presidents of Chile and Argentina, signed an arbitration agreement (the Arbitration Agreement of 1971). This agreement related to their dispute over the territorial and maritime boundaries between them, and in particular the title to the Picton, Nueva and Lennox islands near the extreme end of the American continent, which was submitted to binding arbitration under the auspices of the United Kingdom government.

neg: Spanish land grants in Florida Spanish land grants documented claims of land ownership when Spain ceded the territory of Florida to the United States in 1821. Under Spanish rule, land grants were offered to settlers beginning in 1790, to induce settlement of the colony. The United States agreed to honor these land grants when it gained control of the territory, provided that they were shown to be valid.

neg: Madrid Protocol of 1885 The Madrid Protocol of 1885 is an agreement between Great Britain, Germany and Spain to recognise the sovereignty of Spain over the Sulu Archipelago as well as the limit of Spanish influence in the region. Under the agreement, Spain relinquishes all claim to Borneo.

neg: London Naval Treaty The Treaty for the Limitation and Reduction of Naval Armament, commonly known as the London Naval Treaty, was an agreement between the United Kingdom, the Empire of Japan, France, Italy and the United States, signed on 22 April 1930, which regulated submarine warfare and limited naval shipbuilding. Ratifications were exchanged in London on 27 October 1930, and the treaty went into effect on the same day. It was registered in League of Nations Treaty Series on 6 February 1931.

neg: Treaty of Värälä The Treaty of Värälä (sometimes known as the Treaty of Wereloe) was a treaty signed in Värälä, Elimäki Municipality, Finland, between Russia (represented by Otto Heinrich Igelström) and Sweden (represented by Gustaf Mauritz Armfelt). It was signed on 14 August 1790 and concluded the Russo-Swedish War. The treaty confirmed status quo ante bellum with respect to the borders, however Russia's right to interfere with Swedish interior affairs from the Treaty of Nystad was expressly revoked. The provisions of the previous Treaty of Abo were basically confirmed.

neg: Neutral Ground (Louisiana) The Neutral Ground (also known as the Neutral Strip, the Neutral Territory, and the No Man's Land of Louisiana; sometimes anachronistically referred to as the Sabine Free State) was a disputed area between Spanish Texas and the United States' newly acquired Louisiana Purchase. Local officers of Spain and the United States agreed to leave the Neutral Ground temporarily outside the jurisdiction of either country. The area, now in western Louisiana, had neutral status from 1806 to 1821.

neg: Treaty with the Kalapuya, etc. The Treaty with the Kalapuya, etc., also known as the Kalapuya Treaty or the Treaty of Dayton, was an 1855 treaty between the United States and the bands of the Kalapuya tribe, the Molala tribe, the Clackamas, and several others in the Oregon Territory. In it the tribes agreed to cede land in exchange for money. The treaty effectively gave over the entirety of the Willamette Valley to the United States and removed Native Americans in the area. The treaty was signed on January 22, 1855, in Dayton, Oregon, ratified on March 3, 1855, and proclaimed on April 10, 1855.

neg: History of Florida The history of Florida can be traced back to when the first Native Americans began to inhabit the peninsula as early as 14,000 years ago. They left behind artifacts and archeological evidence. Written history begins with the arrival of Europeans to Florida; the Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León in 1513 made the first textual records. The state was the first mainland realm of the United States to be settled by Europeans. Thus, 1513 marked the beginning of the American Frontier.

neg: Boundary Treaty of 1874 between Chile and Bolivia The Boundary Treaty of 1874 between Chile and Bolivia, also called the Treaty of Sucre, was signed in Sucre on August 6, 1874 by the Bolivian Minister of Foreign Affairs Mariano Baptista and the Chilean plenipotentiary minister Carlos Walker Martínez. It superseded the Boundary Treaty of 1866 between Chile and Bolivia and it kept the border between both countries at the 24° South parallel from the Pacific Ocean to the eastern border of Chile.

neg: Bryan v. Kennett Bryan v. Kennett, 113 U.S. 179 (1885), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that, under the treaty providing for the Louisiana Purchase, the United States would recognize property interests granted by the previous sovereign governments prior to the Purchase, even if the grant had been inchoate or incomplete. The case involved a disputed title to land in the U.S. state of Missouri, which had previously been under the control of Spain and France before being acquired by the United States. In the late 1700s, the government of Spain had made a possibly incomplete grant of the land to a U.S. citizen, Moses Austin. Spain then lost control of the land to France in 1800, who in turn sold it to the United States. A question later arose as to whether Austin had received sufficient property rights from Spain to allow him to mortgage his land in 1818, or whether necessary rights had somehow passed back to the United States government, making the mortgage invalid and voiding subsequent land transfers that occurred pursuant to Austin's defaulting on the mortgage. Under the Court's holding, the incomplete grant to Austin was valid and sufficient to permit the mortgage.

neg: Spanish missions in Florida Beginning in the second half of the 16th century, the Kingdom of Spain established a number of missions throughout "La Florida" in order to convert the Indians to Christianity, to facilitate control of the area, and to prevent its colonization by other countries, in particular, England and France. Spanish Florida originally included much of what is now the Southeastern United States, although Spain never exercised long-term effective control over more than the northern part of what is now the State of Florida from present-day St. Augustine to the area around Tallahassee, southeastern Georgia, and some coastal settlements, such as Pensacola, Florida. A few short-lived missions were established in other locations, including Mission Santa Elena in present-day South Carolina, around the Florida peninsula, and in the interior of Georgia and Alabama.

neg: Treaty of St. Louis (1818) The Treaty of St. Louis is the name of a series of treaties signed between the United States and various Native American tribes from 1804 through 1824. The fourteen treaties were all signed in the St. Louis, Missouri area.

neg: United States–Venezuela Maritime Boundary Treaty The United States – Venezuela Maritime Boundary Treaty is a 1978 treaty between the United States and Venezuela which delimits the maritime boundary between Venezuelan islands in the Caribbean Sea and the American territories of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands.

neg: Dominica–France Maritime Delimitation Agreement The Dominica–France Maritime Delimitation Agreement is a 1987 treaty between Dominica and France which delimits the maritime boundary between Dominica and the French islands of Guadeloupe and Martinique. It was the first maritime boundary treaty in the Central America/Caribbean region to be based on the rules of the Convention on the Law of the Sea.

neg: Black Warrior Affair The "Black Warrior" affair was an 1854 incident touching trade and sovereignty between Spain and her American possessions and the United States.

neg: Hogtown, Florida Hogtown was a 19th-century settlement in and around what is now Westside Park in Gainesville, Florida, United States (in the northeast corner of the intersection of NW 8th Avenue and 34th Street) where a historical marker notes Hogtown's location at that site and is the eponymous outpost of the adjacent Hogtown Creek. Originally a village of Seminoles who raised hogs, the habitation was dubbed "Hogtown" by nearby white people who traded with the Seminoles. Indian artifacts were found at Glen Springs, which empties into Hogtown Creek. In 1824, Hogtown's population was 14. After the acquisition of Florida by the United States, white settlers began moving into the area. The 1823 Treaty of Moultrie Creek obliged the Seminoles to move to a reservation in central Florida. Under the terms of the treaty, Chief John Mico received $20 as compensation for the "improvements" the Seminoles had made in Hogtown.

neg: French Florida French Florida (modern French: "Floride française") was a colonial territory established by French Huguenot colonists in what is now Florida between 1562 and 1565.

neg: Texas annexation The Texas annexation was the 1845 incorporation of the Republic of Texas into the United States of America, which was admitted to the Union as the 28th state on December 29, 1845.

neg: Spanish irredentism Spanish irredentism is a concept of Spain according to its present-day boundaries, incorporating territories claimed to be Spanish lands, such as Gibraltar and in some cases Portugal and other territories.