query: How old is the fossil record of the order that contains the only strictly marine herbivorous mammal?

pos: Evolution of sirenians Sirenia is the order of placental mammals which comprises modern "sea cows" (manatees and the Dugong) and their extinct relatives. They are the only extant herbivorous marine mammals and the only group of herbivorous mammals to have become completely aquatic. Sirenians are thought to have a 50-million-year-old fossil record (early Eocene-recent). They attained modest diversity during the Oligocene and Miocene, but have since declined as a result of climatic cooling, oceanographic changes, and human interference. Two genera and four species are extant: "Trichechus", which includes the three species of manatee that live along the Atlantic coasts and in rivers and coastlines of the Americas and western Africa, and "Dugong", which is found in the Indian and Pacific oceans.

pos: Dugong The dugong ( , ; "Dugong dugon") is a medium-sized marine mammal. It is one of four living species of the order Sirenia, which also includes three species of manatees. It is the only living representative of the once-diverse family Dugongidae; its closest modern relative, Steller's sea cow ("Hydrodamalis gigas"), was hunted to extinction in the 18th century. The dugong is the only strictly marine herbivorous mammal.

neg: Labyrinthodontia Labyrinthodontia (Greek, "maze-toothed") is an extinct amphibian subclass, which constituted some of the dominant animals of late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras (about 390 to 150 million years ago). The group evolved from lobe-finned fishes in the Devonian and is ancestral to all extant landliving vertebrates. As such it constitutes an evolutionary grade (a paraphyletic group) rather than a natural group (clade). The name describes the pattern of infolding of the dentin and enamel of the teeth, which are often the only part of the creatures that fossilize. They are also distinguished by a heavily armoured skull roof (hence the older name "Stegocephalia"), and complex vertebrae, the structure of which is useful in older classifications of the group.

neg: Xiphosura The Xiphosura are an order of marine merostome chelicerates that includes a large number of extinct lineages and only four extant species in the family Limulidae, which includes the horseshoe crabs. The group has hardly changed in millions of years; the modern horseshoe crabs look almost identical to prehistoric genera such as the Jurassic "Mesolimulus", and are considered to be living fossils. The most notable difference between ancient and modern forms is that the abdominal segments in present species are fused into a single unit in adults.

neg: Hydrodamalinae Hydrodamalinae is a recently extinct subfamily of the sirenian family Dugongidae. The Steller's sea cow ("Hydrodamalis gigas") was hunted to extinction by 1760, while the genus "Dusisiren" is known from fossils dating from the middle Miocene to early Pliocene.

neg: Archipelepidiformes Archipelepidiformes is an order of extinct jawless fishes in the class Thelodonti.

neg: Mammaliaformes Mammaliaformes ("mammal-shaped") is a clade that contains the crown group mammals and their closest extinct relatives; the group radiated from earlier probainognathian cynodonts. It is defined as the clade originating from the most recent common ancestor of Morganucodonta and the crown group mammals; the latter is the clade originating with the most recent common ancestor of extant Monotremata, Marsupialia, and Placentalia. Besides Morganucodonta and the crown group mammals, Mammaliaformes includes Docodonta and "Hadrocodium" as well as the Triassic "Tikitherium", the earliest known member of the group.

neg: Amphicyon Amphicyon ("ambiguous dog") is an extinct genus of large carnivorous bone-crushing mammals, popularly known as bear-dogs, of the family Amphicyonidae, subfamily Amphicyoninae, from the Aquitanian Epoch until the early Pleistocene. They ranged over North America, Europe, Asia, and Africa from 16.9—2.6 Ma ago, existing approximately .

neg: Involutinida Involutinida is an order of foraminifera included in the Spirillinata found in the fossil record from the early Permian to early Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian).

neg: Desmostylia The Desmostylia (from Greek δεσμά "desma", "bundle", and στῦλος "stylos", "pillar") are an extinct order of aquatic mammals that existed from the late Oligocene (Arikareean) to the late Miocene (Tortonian) ().

neg: Boreoeutheria Boreoeutheria (synonymous with Boreotheria) (Greek: βόρειο "north" + ευ "good" + θεριό "beast") is a clade (magnorder) of placental mammals that is composed of the sister taxa Laurasiatheria (most hoofed mammals, most pawed carnivores, and several other groups) and Euarchontoglires (Supraprimates). It is now well supported by DNA sequence analyses, as well as retrotransposon presence or absence data.

neg: Cyclostomatida Cyclostomatida, or cyclostomes (which also refers to a group of jawless fish called Cyclostomata), are an ancient order of stenolaemate bryozoans which first appeared in the Lower Ordovician. It consists of 7+ suborders, 59+ families, 373+ genera, and 666+ species. The cyclostome bryozoans were dominant in the Mesozoic; since that era, they have decreased. Currently, cyclostomes seldom constitute more than 20% of the species recorded in regional bryozoan faunas.

neg: Plagiaulacidae Plagiaulacidae is a family of fossil mammals within the order Multituberculata. Remains are known from the Upper Jurassic of North America through the Lower Cretaceous of Europe. These small plant-eaters lived during the Mesozoic era, also known as the "age of the dinosaurs." They were among the more derived representatives of the informal suborder of "Plagiaulacida".

neg: Daphoenus Daphoenus is an extinct genus of caniform carnivoran mammal of the family Amphicyonidae ("bear dogs") of the suborder Caniformia. "Daphoenus" inhabited North America from the Early Eocene subepoch to the Early Miocene subepoch 42—16.3 Mya, existing for approximately .

neg: Trochonematoidea Trochonematoidea is an extinct taxonomic superfamily of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs.

neg: Cedaromys Cedaromys ("Cedar mouse") is an extinct mammal which lived during the Upper Cretaceous, at the same time as many dinosaurs. It was a member of the also extinct order of Multituberculata. It's within the suborder of Cimolodonta, and a possible member of the Paracimexomys group.

neg: Theria Theria ( ; Greek: "θηρίον", wild beast) is a subclass of mammals amongst the Theriiformes (the sister taxa to Yinotheria). Theria includes the eutherians (including the placental mammals) and the metatherians (including the marsupials).

neg: Sinodelphys Sinodelphys is an extinct mammal from the Early Cretaceous. To date, it is the oldest metatherian fossil known, estimated to be 125 million years old. It was discovered and described in 2003 in rocks of the Yixian Formation in Liaoning Province, China, by a team of scientists including Zhe-Xi Luo and John Wible.

neg: Rhizodontida Rhizodonts (order Rhizodontida) are an extinct group of predatory tetrapodomorph fishes known from many areas of the world from the Givetian through to the Pennsylvanian - the earliest known species is about 377 million years ago (Mya), the latest around 310 Mya. Rhizodonts lived in tropical rivers and freshwater lakes and were the dominant predators of their age. They reached huge sizes - the largest known species, "Rhizodus hibberti" from Europe and North America, was an estimated 7 m in length, making it the largest freshwater fish known.

neg: Pilosa The order Pilosa is a group of placental mammals, extant today only in the Americas. It includes the anteaters and sloths, including the extinct ground sloths, which became extinct about 10,000 years ago. The name comes from the Latin word for "hairy". Pilosans are good examples of ecological harmony. Anteaters, for example, feed lightly and for a short time at any one ant nest, allowing the colony to regrow easily. Also, sloths' fur is home to many insects, as well as a type of algae that helps camouflage the sloths.

neg: Probainognathia The probainognathians are members of one of the two major clades of the infraorder Eucynodontia, the other being Cynognathians. The earliest forms were carnivorous and insectivorous, though some species eventually also evolved herbivorous traits. The earliest and most basal Probainognathian is "Lumkuia", from South Africa. Three groups survived the extinction at the end of Triassic: the Tritheledontidae and Tritylodontidae, who both survived until the Jurassic—the latter possibly even into the Cretaceous (Xenocretosuchus)—and Mammaliaformes, who gave rise to the mammals.

neg: Notioprogonia Notioprogonia is a suborder of the extinct mammalian order Notoungulata and includes two families, Henricosborniidae and Notostylopidae.


query: Which Australian rules football club, nicknamed the Crows, was coached in an interim capacity by Scott Camporeale after the death of head coack Phil Walsh?

pos: Scott Camporeale Scott Camporeale (born 11 August 1975) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Carlton and Essendon in the Australian Football League, and coached the Adelaide Football Club in an interim capacity following the death of head coach Phil Walsh in 2015.

pos: Adelaide Football Club The Adelaide Football Club, nicknamed the Crows, is a professional Australian rules football club that competes in the Australian Football League (AFL). The club is based in Adelaide, South Australia, playing its home matches at Adelaide Oval. The club has its training and administration base at Football Park in West Lakes, where it previously played home matches between 1991 and 2013. The club song is "The Pride of South Australia", to the tune of the Marines' Hymn.

neg: Brian Cunningham Brian 'Bucky' Cunningham (born 14 August 1952 in Adelaide, South Australia) is a former Australian rules footballer in the South Australian National Football League, playing for the Port Adelaide. Cunningham was later CEO of Port Magpies in the SANFL, and the Port Adelaide Football Club in the AFL.

neg: Werribee Football Club The Werribee Football Club, nicknamed the Tigers, is an Australian rules football club, based in Werribee. The club was formed in 1964 and currently plays in the Victorian Football League.

neg: Scott Hodges Scott Lyall Hodges (born 26 April 1968) is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for the Adelaide Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL) and the Port Adelaide Football Club in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL). Hodges kicked 684 goals in his 183-game SANFL career and added 100 goals in 38 games with Adelaide, as well as 7 goals in 2 games representing South Australia in State of Origin football.

neg: 2012 Collingwood Football Club season The 2012 Collingwood Football Club season is the club's 116th season of senior competition in the Australian Football League (AFL). The club also fielded its reserves team in the VFL.

neg: Scottsdale Football Club The Scottsdale Football Club is an Australian rules football club which competed in the old Northern Tasmanian Football Association (NTFA) between 1948 and 1986. Scottsdale joined the Northern Tasmanian Football League in 1987. For financial reasons, Scottsdale could no longer field a team in the NTFL and in 2000 switched to the new NTFA, an amateur competition which had been formed four years earlier. Scottsdale, nicknamed "The Magpies", currently play in a competition of the Northern Tasmanian Football Association (formed 1996).

neg: Auburn Tigers Australian Football Club Auburn Tigers Australian Football Club are an Australian rules football club based in the Western Suburbs of Sydney, Australia. The club colours are black and yellow and they are nicknamed the Tigers. Auburn won the Fourth Division premiers in the Sydney AFL league in their inaugural season, being undefeated for the whole season. The following year they went up two divisions and still made the finals.

neg: Alastair Clarkson Alastair Clarkson (born 27 April 1968) is an Australian rules football coach and former player. He has been the head coach of the Hawthorn Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL) since 2004, and is the longest-serving coach in the league.

neg: Mike Patterson (footballer) Michael 'Mike' Patterson was an Australian rules footballer and coach. Affectionately known as the "Swamp Fox", Patterson was a premiership ruckman with the Richmond Football Club in 1967, and also captain/coach of the 1972 Australian Champions, the North Adelaide Football Club.

neg: Stuart Maxfield Stuart Maxfield (born 9 April 1972) is a retired Australian rules footballer who played for Richmond and the Sydney Swans in the Australian Football League (AFL). He was the Swans' captain until 5 May 2005, when he stood down from the position.

neg: Michael Mitchell (Australian rules footballer) Michael Mitchell (born 25 November 1961) is an indigenous former Australian rules footballer for the Claremont Football Club in the West Australian Football League (WAFL) and the Richmond Football Club in the VFL/AFL.

neg: Josh Mail Joshua Mail (born 18 December 1974 in Adelaide, South Australia) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with the Adelaide Crows in the Australian Football League (AFL).

neg: Claremont Football Club The Claremont Football Club, nicknamed the Tigers, is an Australian rules football club based in Claremont, Western Australia, that currently plays in the West Australian Football League (WAFL). Its official colours are navy blue and gold. Formed as the Cottesloe Beach Football Club in 1906, the club entering the WAFL in 1925 as the Claremont-Cottesloe Football Club, changing its name to the present in 1935. Claremont have won 12 senior premierships since entering the competition, including most recently the 2011 and 2012 premierships.

neg: New Norfolk District Football Club The New Norfolk District Football Club, nicknamed "The Eagles", is an Australian rules football club currently playing in the Southern Football League, in Tasmania, Australia.

neg: Sydney Swans The Sydney Swans is a professional Australian rules football club which plays in the Australian Football League (AFL). Established in Melbourne as the South Melbourne Football Club in 1874, the Swans relocated to Sydney in 1982, thus making it the first club in the competition to be based outside Victoria.

neg: Ronnie Burns (footballer) Ronnie Paul Burns (born 13 March 1973) is a former Indigenous Australian rules footballer for the Geelong Football Club and Adelaide Crows in the Australian Football League (AFL).

neg: Adelaide University Football Club The Adelaide University Football Club Inc. (AUFC) is a South Australian based amateur Australian rules football club that hasn't won a Division 1 flag since 1999. It is an affiliate of the Adelaide University Sports Assoc. and plays in the SAAFL. The club promotes itself as the largest amateur football club in Australia. The club trains on Beautiful University Oval located across the river from the University which forms part of Park 12, and Park 10 in the portion of the Adelaide Parklands between the University and North Adelaide. It is one of the most decorated clubs in the University's history. The Club has played in every season of the SAAFL competition, won 23 Division 1 premierships, had 8 Division 1 medallists, 48 state players, 4 All-Australian captains (McLeod, Muir, Rofe, J.F. Sangster), and the first AAFC Carnival medallist to play for S.A. (Paul Rofe).

neg: Berri Football Club Berri Football Club (commonly known as The Demons) is an Australian rules football club playing in the Riverland Football League (RFL) in South Australia. The club has an illustrious history winning many premierships, most recently the A-Grade in 2010.

neg: Phil Scott (footballer) Phil Scott (born 17 January 1961) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for the West Coast Eagles in the Victorian/Australian Football League (VFL/AFL).

neg: Leigh Tudor Leigh Tudor (born 25 September 1969) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for North Melbourne and Geelong football clubs and is currently an assistant coach for the North Melbourne Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). He was formerly an assistant coach for the Sydney Swans.

neg: Shane Grambeau Shane Grambeau (born 17 October 1952) is a former Australian rules footballer for the St Kilda Football Club and Melbourne Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL). Grambeau's father Mick played for .


query: What is the full name of the University where Patrick Callaerts is the head of the "VIB Laboratory of Developmental Genetics"?

pos: Patrick Callaerts Patrick Callaerts is a Belgian molecular biologist and researcher at the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (Leuven, Belgium). He is head of the "VIB Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, KU Leuven".

pos: KU Leuven The Katholieke Universiteit Leuven ("Catholic University of Leuven" ), abbreviated KU Leuven and also known as the University of Leuven, is a research university in the Dutch-speaking city of Leuven in Flanders, Belgium. It conducts teaching, research, and services in the sciences, engineering, humanities, medicine, law, and social sciences.

neg: Andrew N. J. McKenzie Andrew Neil James McKenzie {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} is a molecular biologist and group leader in the Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology (LMB) at the University of Cambridge.

neg: Victoria University, Toronto Victoria University is a college of the University of Toronto, founded in 1836 and named for Queen Victoria. It is commonly called Victoria College, informally "Vic", after the original academic component that now forms its undergraduate division. Since 1928, Victoria College has retained secular studies in the liberal arts and sciences while Emmanuel College has functioned as its postgraduate theological college.

neg: UBiC UBiC, the UBC Bioinformatics Centre (disambiguation: not to be confused with the University of Brighton International College, or indeed http://www.ubicsystem.com/) was a research centre founded by Francis Ouellette. It was located at the University of British Columbia, in the University of British Columbia west of Vancouver, BC Canada, UBiC focused on bioinformatics research, training, and support. Some of the faculty formerly part of UBiC are now part of the Centre for High-Throughput Biology (CHiBi).

neg: Adrian Bird Sir Adrian Peter Bird, CBE, FRS, FRSE is a British geneticist and Buchanan Professor of Genetics at the University of Edinburgh. Bird has spent much of his academic career in Edinburgh, from receiving his PhD in 1970 to working at the MRC Mammalian Genome Unit and later serving as director of the Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology. His research focuses on understanding DNA methylation and CpG islands, and their role in diseases such as Rett syndrome.

neg: Jean-Paul Vincent Jean-Paul Vincent {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} is a developmental biologist working at the Francis Crick Institute.

neg: Hopi Hoekstra Danielle "Hopi" Elizabeth Hoekstra (born 1972) is an evolutionary biologist working at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Her lab uses natural populations of rodents to study the genetic basis of adaptation – from morphology to behavior. She is the Alexander Agassiz Professor of Zoology in the Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology at Harvard University. She is also the Curator of Mammals at the Museum of Comparative Zoology and a Harvard College Professor. In 2014 Hoekstra became a Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) Investigator. In 2016 Hoekstra was elected to the National Academy of Sciences, and in 2017 was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

neg: USC Viterbi School of Engineering The Viterbi School of Engineering (formerly the USC School of Engineering) is located at the University of Southern California in the United States. It was renamed following a $52 million donation by Andrew Viterbi, co-founder of Qualcomm Inc. The USC Viterbi School of Engineering celebrated its 100th birthday in conjunction with the university's 125th birthday.

neg: University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute Formed in 1985, the University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute (UMBI) is part of the University System of Maryland. It was created to provide a unified focus for Maryland's biotechnology research and education.

neg: Jan Vijg Jan Vijg is the Lola and Saul Kramer Chairperson in Molecular Genetics at the Department of Genetics at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, United States. Prior to this appointment, he was a professor at the Buck Institute for Research on Aging (Novato, California).

neg: Jacques Genest Jacques Genest {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} ( ; born May 29, 1919 in Montreal, Quebec) is a Canadian physician and scientist. He is a professor at McGill University. Dr. Genest is best known for founding and leading several organizations related to clinical research in Québec and for his work on arterial hypertension.

neg: UEA School of International Development The School of International Development (formerly The School of Development Studies) is a department at the University of East Anglia, Norwich, England. Situated within the Faculty of Social Sciences, the School of International Development has been ranked in the top three British development studies departments.

neg: Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics The Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics (CMMT) is part of the University of British Columbia's Faculty of Medicine. The Centre is located at the British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute (BCCHR) in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Research at CMMT is focused on discovering genetic susceptibility to illnesses such as Huntington Disease, Type 2 diabetes and bipolar disorder.

neg: Peter Boag Peter Boag {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} is a professor of genetics at Queen's University. He specializes in molecular ecology. In 2001, he was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada.

neg: Dalhousie University Dalhousie University (commonly known as Dal) is a public research university in Nova Scotia, Canada, with three campuses in Halifax, a fourth in Bible Hill, and medical teaching facilities in Saint John, New Brunswick. Dalhousie offers more than 4,000 courses and 180 degree programs in twelve undergraduate, graduate, and professional faculties. The university is a member of the U15, a group of research-intensive universities in Canada.

neg: La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science The La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS) is an Australian institute based at La Trobe University in Melbourne. It contains research groups in life sciences (biochemistry and genetics), physical sciences (chemistry and physics), and applied sciences (pharmacy) and teaches undergraduate and graduate courses in these areas through the School of Molecular Sciences. Established in 2009, the Institute has been led by Professor Andrew Hill since 2017.

neg: Autism Research Centre The Autism Research Centre (ARC) is a research institute that is a part of the Department of Developmental Psychiatry at the University of Cambridge, England.

neg: Michael Levine (biologist) Michael Levine is an American developmental and cell biologist at Princeton University, where he is the Director of the Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and a Professor of Molecular Biology.

neg: University of Dundee The University of Dundee (abbreviated as Dund. for post-nominals) is a public research university based in the city and Royal burgh of Dundee on the east coast of the central Lowlands of Scotland. Founded in 1881 the institution was, for most of its early existence, a constituent college of the University of St Andrews alongside United College and St Mary's College located in the town of St Andrews itself. Following significant expansion, the University of Dundee became an independent body in 1967 whilst retaining much of its ancient heritage and governance structure. Since its independence, the university has grown to become an internationally recognised centre for research.

neg: University of Melbourne The University of Melbourne (informally Melbourne University) is a public research university located in Melbourne, Australia. Founded in 1853, it is Australia's second oldest university and the oldest in Victoria. Times Higher Education ranks Melbourne as 33rd in the world, while the Academic Ranking of World Universities places Melbourne 40th in the world (both first in Australia).

neg: Vrije Universiteit Brussel The Vrije Universiteit Brussel    is a Dutch-speaking university located in Brussels, Belgium. It has three campuses: Brussels Humanities, Science and Engineering Campus (in Etterbeek), Brussels Health Campus (in Jette) and Brussels Technology Campus (in Kaai).


query: the NASA space radiation Laboratory and the National Weather Service weather forecast office are both located in what part of New York?

pos: NASA Space Radiation Laboratory The NASA Space Radiation Laboratory (NSRL, previously called Booster Applications Facility), is a United States national laboratory and part of the Brookhaven National Laboratory, located in Upton, New York on Long Island. It is dedicated to learn about the possible risks to human beings exposed to cosmic radiation.

pos: Upton, New York Upton, New York is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) on Long Island in the town of Brookhaven. It is the home of the Brookhaven National Laboratory and a National Weather Service weather forecast office.

neg: Keweenaw Rocket Range The Keweenaw Rocket Range was an isolated launch pad located in U.S. state of Michigan’s Keweenaw Peninsula. It was used between 1964 and 1971 for launching rockets for meteorological data collection. NASA, along with the University of Michigan, conducted the project under the lead of Dr. Harold Allen. The site was one of six similar sites scattered about North America used to collect measurements of electron density, positive ion composition and distribution, energetic electron precipitation, solar X-rays, and Lyman alpha flux.

neg: Brookhaven State Park Brookhaven State Park is a 1638 acre state park in Wading River, New York, approximately 74 mi east of New York City. Established in 1971, the park land was formerly the property of Brookhaven National Laboratory. Protecting a large amount of the Long Island Pine Barrens, the park also contains scattered wetlands.

neg: Radar Operations Center The Radar Operations Center (ROC) is a National Weather Service (NWS) unit that coordinates the development, maintenance, and training for the NEXRAD weather radar network. It is located at the National Weather Center (NWC) in Norman, Oklahoma and run by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in the Department of Commerce with partners at the Department of Defense and the Department of Transportation.

neg: Foggy Bottom Observatory Foggy Bottom Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Colgate University. Its IAU code is 776. Built in 1951, it is located in Hamilton, New York (USA).

neg: Ozone Park, Queens Ozone Park, NY is a neighborhood located in the southwestern section of the borough of Queens, in New York City, New York, United States. It borders Woodhaven, Richmond Hill, Howard Beach, and City Line, Brooklyn. Different parts of the neighborhood are covered by Queens Community Board 9 and 10. The neighborhood is located in the fifth congressional district, and is represented by Democrat Gregory Meeks.

neg: New York State Democratic Committee The New York State Democratic Committee is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in the state of New York. Its headquarters are in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, and it has an office in Albany.

neg: Geography of New York (state) Most of New York (state) is dominated by farms, forests, rivers, mountains, and lakes. New York's Adirondack Park is larger than any U.S. National Park in the contiguous United States. Niagara Falls, on the Niagara River as it flows from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario, is a popular attraction. The Hudson River begins near Lake Tear of the Clouds and flows south through the eastern part of the state without draining lakes George or Champlain. Lake George empties at its north end into Lake Champlain, whose northern end extends into Canada, where it drains into the Richelieu River and then the St. Lawrence. Four of New York City's five boroughs are on the three islands at the mouth of the Hudson River: Manhattan Island, Staten Island, and Brooklyn and Queens on Long Island.

neg: List of New York hurricanes 84 tropical or subtropical cyclones have affected the state of New York since the 17th century. The state of New York is located along the East Coast of the United States, in the Northeastern portion of the country. The strongest of these storms was the 1938 New England hurricane, which struck Long Island as a Category 3 storm on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale. Killing more than 600 people, it was also the deadliest. Tropical cyclones have affected the state primarily in September but have also hit during every month of the hurricane season, June through November. Tropical cyclones rarely make landfall on the state, although it is common for remnants of tropical cyclones to produce heavy rainfall and flooding.

neg: New York State metropolitan areas New York has 11 metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) and five combined statistical areas (CSAs), as defined by the New York State Department of Labor. A sixth CSA, New York-Newark-Bridgeport, also includes portions of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Connecticut. The New York metropolitan area is the most populous of the United States metropolitan areas.

neg: National Weather Service Paducah, Kentucky National Weather Service Paducah is a weather forecast office responsible for monitoring weather conditions for 58 counties in the states of Kentucky, Illinois, Indiana and Missouri. The Paducah office is relatively new compared to others, having been built in 1984. The office is in charge of weather forecasts, warnings and local statements as well as aviation weather. It is also equipped with a WSR-88D (NEXRAD) radar, and an Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) that greatly increase the ability to forecast.

neg: Plattsburgh (town), New York Plattsburgh is a town in Clinton County, New York, United States. The population was 11,870 at the 2010 census. The town is named after Zephaniah Platt, an early land owner. The Town of Plattsburgh surrounds the separate and more populous City of Plattsburgh. The town is in the eastern part of the county, in the North Country region of the U.S. state of New York. The region's airport, Plattsburgh International Airport, is located in the southern part of the town.

neg: Red House Hill Red House Hill is a mountain located in Central New York region of New York south of Springfield Center, New York.

neg: KEC63 KEC63 (sometimes referred to as Detroit All Hazards) is a NOAA Weather Radio station that serves the Metro Detroit area and surrounding cities. It is programmed from the National Weather Service forecast office in Detroit/Pontiac, Michigan with its transmitter located in Southfield, on WDIV's broadcast tower. It broadcasts weather and hazard information for the following Counties: Lenawee, Livingston, Monroe, Oakland, St. Clair, Washtenaw, and Wayne. Under exceptionally rare conditions, such as when KEC63 is down for maintenance or off the air from lighting strikes to its tower, Cleveland, Ohio's weather radio station, KHB59 can be faintly heard, since it also operates on 162.550 MHz.

neg: Langmuir Laboratory for Atmospheric Research The Langmuir Laboratory for Atmospheric Research is a scientific laboratory studying the cloud processes that produce lightning, hail, and rain, located in the Magdalena Mountains of central New Mexico in the United States. The lab is operated by the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology (NM Tech) with funding from the National Science Foundation.

neg: Ridge, New York Ridge is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Brookhaven in Suffolk County, New York, United States. The population was 13,336 at the 2010 census.

neg: Governors Island Governors Island is a 172 acre island in New York Harbor, approximately 800 yd from the southern tip of Manhattan Island and separated from Brooklyn by Buttermilk Channel, approximately 400 yd . It is part of the borough of Manhattan in New York City. The National Park Service administers a small portion of the north of the island as the Governors Island National Monument, while the Trust for Governors Island operates the remaining 150 acres, including 52 historic buildings. Today, Governors Island is a popular seasonal destination open to the public between May and September with a 43-acre public park completed between 2012-2016, free arts and cultural events, and recreational activities. The island is accessed by ferries from Brooklyn and Manhattan.

neg: NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division The NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division is located at NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field in the heart of Silicon Valley in Mountain View, California. It has been the major supercomputing and modeling and simulation resource for NASA missions in aerodynamics, space exploration, studies in weather patterns and ocean currents, and space shuttle and aircraft design and development for over thirty years.

neg: National Weather Service Burlington, Vermont The National Weather Service Burlington, Vermont is a local office of the National Weather Service located at Burlington International Airport (BTV) in South Burlington, VT that is responsible for monitoring weather conditions in extreme northern New York State and the northern two-thirds of Vermont.

neg: Center for Climate Systems Research (CCSR) The Center for Climate Systems Research is a key Earth Institute center with over 25 scientists and staff researching issues involving the interplay between Earth's climate and society. The center's motto is "Columbia's Gateway to NASA and Beyond", as it has a special relationship with the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS). It is a "Gateway to NASA", because the center is co-located with GISS in Columbia University's Armstrong Hall above Tom's Restaurant in New York City. In this historic location, Columbia and NASA scientists work together closely to understand the Earth's climate and how changes can impact society both in the United States and around the world. Importantly, CCSR scientists also work with many other partners – governmental, private sector, and non-governmental organizations – to answer these challenging scientific and socioeconomic questions (i.e., "and Beyond"). The director of CCSR is Dr. Michael J. Puma.

neg: Dering Harbor, New York Dering Harbor is a village in the Town of Shelter Island, Suffolk County, New York, in the U.S. It is located on the north side of the island of Shelter Island, east of the hamlet of Shelter Island Heights. As of the 2010 census, the village population was 11, making it the least populated village in the State of New York.


query: Sir Edward Waterfield Hayward owned and managed a department store chain that was established in which year?

pos: Edward Hayward Sir Edward Waterfield Hayward (10 November 1903 - 13 August 1983) was an Australian businessman, best known for owning and managing John Martin's, a chain of department stores in Adelaide, South Australia, and for instigating the Adelaide Christmas Pageant.

pos: John Martin & Co. John Martin & Co. Ltd, colloquially known as John Martin's or simply Johnnies, was an Adelaide-based company which ran a popular chain of department stores in South Australia. It operated for more than 130 years, from 1866 until its closure in 1998. Johnnies, owned by the prominent Hayward family for the majority of its existence, became an Adelaide icon, responsible for the famous Adelaide Christmas Pageant.

neg: Elder-Beerman Elder-Beerman is a U.S. chain of department stores founded in 1883 and owned by The Bon-Ton. The chain, based primarily in the Midwestern United States, comprises 42 stores in eight states.

neg: Yardley of London Yardley of London, usually referred to simply as Yardley or Yardleys, is an international English-based company and one of the oldest firms in the world to specialise in cosmetics, fragrances and related toiletries  products. Established in 1770, Yardley was a major producer of soap and perfumery by the beginning of the 20th century. By 1910, it moved to London's Bond Street, and in 1921 Yardley received its first Royal Warrant. Today, Yardley holds two Royal Warrants.

neg: McCurdy's McCurdy's (formally McCurdy and Company) was a Rochester, New York-based department store. Founded in 1901, the company was acquired by May Department Stores in 1994, but as a result of an antitrust settlement due to both McCurdy's and May's Kaufmann's stores being the predominant anchors in the area shopping malls, its stores were divested to The Bon-Ton Department store chain.

neg: The Emporium (San Francisco) The Emporium was a mid-line department store chain headquartered in San Francisco, California, which operated for 99 years—from 1896 to 1995. The flagship location on San Francisco's Market Street was a destination shopping location for decades, and several branch stores operated in the various suburbs of the Bay Area. The Emporium and its sister department store chains were acquired by Federated Department Stores in 1995, with many converted to Macy's locations.

neg: Edwin Davis Company The Edwin Davis Company was a department store based in Kingston-upon-Hull that traded from around 1840 until 1978.

neg: S. S. Kresge Sebastian Spering Kresge (July 31, 1867 – October 18, 1966), was an American businessman. He created and owned two chains of department stores, the S. S. Kresge Company, one of the 20th century's largest discount retail organizations, and the Kresge-Newark traditional department store chain. The discounter was renamed the Kmart Corporation in 1977, and evolved into today's Sears Holdings Corporation, parent of Kmart and Sears.

neg: Schofields (department store) Schofields was a department store that operated on The Headrow in Leeds, England, from 1901 to 1996. For much of the 20th century Schofields was regarded as being the pinnacle of shopping in Leeds city centre.

neg: Wise Stores Wise Stores was a department store chain located in Eastern Canada. Founded in 1930 in Montreal by Alex Wise, Wise Stores expanded their presence in the 1950s with the arrival of shopping centres. In 1992, the company acquired the even longer running and competitor Peoples department stores from British retailer Marks & Spencer. In the 1990s, Wise also created a larger liquidation stores chain under the banner Wizmart.

neg: E. J. Korvette E. J. Korvette, also known as Korvettes, was an American chain of discount department stores, founded in 1948 in New York City. It was one of the first department stores to challenge the suggested retail price provisions of anti-discounting statutes. Founded by World War II veteran Eugene Ferkauf and his friend, Joe Zwillenberg, E.J. Korvette did much to define the idea of a discount department store. It displaced earlier five and dime retailers and preceded later discount stores, like Walmart, and warehouse clubs such as Costco.

neg: Selfridges Selfridges, also known as Selfridges & Co., is a chain of high end department stores in the United Kingdom, operated by Selfridges Retail Limited. It was founded by Harry Gordon Selfridge. The flagship store on London's Oxford Street is the second largest shop in the UK (after Harrods) and opened 15 March 1909. Other Selfridges stores opened in the Trafford Centre (1998) and Exchange Square (2002) in Manchester, and in the Bullring in Birmingham (2003).

neg: Loeb's (department store) Loeb's is an American department store based in Meridian, Mississippi. It operates an online specialty store. Loeb's was founded in 1887 by Alex Loeb as Alex Loeb, Inc. Today, Loeb's legal name is "Loeb's, Inc." Loeb's is located on Front Street, Meridian.

neg: Western Stores Western Stores and Edgleys Ltd. was a group of department stores operating in western and central western New South Wales. They were purchased by Farmers & Coy. of Sydney in the 1960s. Shortly after Farmers were purchased by Myer Emporium.

neg: Wilson's (department store) Wilson's is a full line department store, based in Greenfield, Massachusetts. It first opened in 1882.

neg: Wigwam Stores Inc. Wigwam Stores Inc. was an American chain of discount department stores that was based in Seattle and operated across five states: Washington, Hawaii, Oregon, California and Arizona. The discount department store was a fairly new concept when Wigwam's first store opened in 1946. Wigwam Stores' goal was to sell a wide array of products at a lower cost.

neg: Fenwick (department store) Fenwick (pronounced 'fen-wick') is an independent chain of department stores in the United Kingdom. It was founded in 1882 by John James Fenwick in Newcastle upon Tyne, and today consists of 10 branches. As of 2012, the chain is still owned by the Fenwick family and the company is chaired by Mark Fenwick. The company is reported to be valued at £452million.

neg: Maison Blanche Maison Blanche ("White House" in French) was a department store in New Orleans, Louisiana, and later also a chain of department stores. It was founded in 1897 by Isidore Newman, an immigrant from Germany.

neg: J. B. White J. B. White was a department store chain in the Southeastern United States founded in Augusta, Georgia in 1874 by James Brice White, an Irish immigrant. In the early 1910s, White sold the store to the H.B. Calvin Company, owner of Lord & Taylor. The store's initial offerings included clothing, furniture, appliances and community programs.

neg: Harrods Harrods is a luxury department store located on Brompton Road in Knightsbridge, London. It is owned by the state of Qatar. The Harrods brand also applies to other enterprises undertaken by the Harrods group of companies including Harrods Bank, Harrods Estates, Harrods Aviation and Air Harrods, and to Harrods Buenos Aires, sold by Harrods in 1922 and closed as of 2011 .

neg: Robinson Department Store Robinson Department Store (Thai: ห้างสรรพสินค้าโรบินสัน) is a Thai department store chain. It was established in 1979 and was merged with Central Group in 1995. It is positioned as a mid-market retailer.

neg: Filene's Filene's was an American department store, headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts; it operated throughout New England and in New York. It was owned by Federated Department Stores from 1929 until 1988, at which time it was acquired by The May Department Stores Company. In 2005, Federated Department Stores bought May Department Stores, which resulted in Federated reacquiring Filene's. In September 2006, Federated retired the Filene's brand and converted the majority of its stores to Macy's over the course of 2006-07.


query: What was the common name for members of the Irish Brotherhood led by Charles Guilfoyle Doran in the 19th century?

pos: Charles Guilfoyle Doran Charles Guilfoyle Doran (1835–1909) was a leading figure in the Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB) and the Fenian Brotherhood in Ireland from the middle of the 19th century. He was also Clerk of Works on the construction of St. Colman's Cathedral in Cobh, County Cork.

pos: Fenian Brotherhood The Fenian Brotherhood (Irish: "Bráithreachas na bhFíníní" ) was an Irish republican organisation founded in the United States in 1858 by John O'Mahony and Michael Doheny. It was a precursor to Clan na Gael, a sister organisation to the Irish Republican Brotherhood. Members were commonly known as "Fenians". O'Mahony, who was a Gaelic scholar, named his organisation after the Fianna, the legendary band of Irish warriors led by Fionn mac Cumhaill.

neg: Garrett Byrne Garrett Michael Byrne (1829 – March 3, 1897) was an Irish nationalist and MP in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and as member of the Irish Parliamentary Party represented Co. Wexford, 1880–83, and West Wicklow, 1885-92. He was a strong supporter of Charles Stewart Parnell.

neg: Oath of Allegiance (Ireland) The Irish Oath of Allegiance (Irish: "Mionn Dílse" ) was a controversial provision in the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921, which Irish TDs (members of the Lower House of the Irish Parliament) and Senators were required to swear before taking their seats in Dáil Éireann (Chamber of Deputies) and Seanad Éireann (Irish Senate) before the 'Constitution (Removal of Oath) Act, 1933' was passed on 3 May 1933. The controversy surrounding the Oath was one of the principal issues that led to the Irish Civil War of 1922–23 between supporters and opponents of the Treaty.

neg: Eamon Martin (Irish republican) Eamon Martin was an Irish Republican who fought in the Easter Rising and was chief of staff of Fianna Eireann. He was also a member of the Irish Republican Brotherhood. and a member of the Irish Volunteers executive council.

neg: Branches of the Cenél Conaill The Cenél Conaill, or "kindred of Conall", are a branch of the Northern Uí Néill, who claim descent from Conall Gulban, son of Niall of the Nine Hostages, and allegedly the first Irish nobleman to convert to Christianity. Their kingdom was known as Tír Conaill, with their powerbase at Mag Ithe in the Finn valley, however they gradually expanded to cover what is now counties Donegal and Fermanagh. The Cenél Conaill clashed regularly with their kin the Cenél nEogain, eventually capturing the latters original power-base of Ailech in the Inishowen peninsula—in modern-day County Donegal—by the 12th century.

neg: McGuffin McGuffin is a surname of Irish origin, thought to originate from County Donegal. It is an Anglicized form of the Gaelic Mag Dhuibhfinn. Notable people with the surname include:

neg: Inghinidhe na hÉireann Inghinidhe na hÉireann (] , English: "Daughters of Ireland" ) was a radical Irish nationalist women's organisation led and founded by Maud Gonne from 1900 to 1914, when it merged with the newly formed Cumann na mBan.

neg: O'Grady family The O'Grady family, also styled O'Grady of Kilballyowen, is one of Ireland's noble families and surviving Chiefs of the Name. Their title is "The O'Grady" in English and "Ó Grádaigh" in Irish. The current Chief of the Name is Henry Thomas Standish O'Grady, The O'Grady, who resides in Sussex.

neg: Keenaght (barony) Originally called the barony of Lymavady prior to 1613, the barony of Keenaght gets its name from an anglicisation of the Irish "Ciannachta", which is derived from "Cianachta Glenn Geimin" (race of Cain of Glengiven), also spelt as "Ciannachta Glenn Geimin" and "Ciannachta Glinne Geimin". The principle sept of the Cianachta Glenn Geimin was the "Ó Conchobhair" (O'Connor), who ruled there from the 5th century until they were succeeded by the "Ó Cathaín" (O'Kane) in the 12th century.

neg: Lucy Agnes Smyth Lucy Agnes Smyth Byrne (1882–1972) was an officer in Cumann na mBan, an Irish republican women's paramilitary organisation, during the time of the 1916 Easter Rising. She played a prominent role in the organisation as she was the section leader of its Central branch, and eventually in later years became its 1st Lieutenant.

neg: Shoneenism Shoneenism is a term used in Ireland to describe an ostensible Irishman who is viewed as adhering to Anglophile snobbery. One suggested etymology is "seoinín", "Little John", referring to John Bull. The term is always uncomplimentary; the diminutive ending ‘een’ (Gaelic ín), when used in this manner has a loading of contempt. The shoneen or adherent of shoneenism, is characterized by his admiration for the people and culture of upper class England, and by his corresponding disdain for his native customs and traditions, especially the Gaelic language, Gaelic games and traditional music.

neg: Vestmenn Vestmenn ("Westmen" in English) was the Old Norse word for the Gaels of Ireland and Britain, especially Ireland. Vestmannaeyjar in Iceland and Vestmanna in the Faroe Islands take their names from it. The Norse who settled in Ireland and Scotland, known now as the "Norse–Gaels", called themselves "Austmenn" "Eastmen", i.e. people who had come from the East (Scandinavia).

neg: Ulick Bourke Canon Ulick Joseph Bourke, (also known by his name in Irish, "Uileog de Búrca"), (29 December 1829 – 22 November 1887) was an Irish scholar and writer who founded the Gaelic Union, which later developed into the Gaelic League (or "Conradh na Gaeilge"). Among his works were "The College Irish Grammar" and "Pre-Christian Ireland".

neg: McMenamin McMenamin is an Irish surname. In ancient Gaelic it was shorter, Meanma, a word meaning courageous or high spirited. It originated in Co. Donegal in the 13th Century and the Meanma’s were a warrior branch of the O'Donnells of Tyrconnell (Donegal), who were the "chieftains of Fanad" a large territory in Donegal.

neg: Mac Giolla Phádraig dynasty Mac Giolla Phádraig (pronunciation) (alternately Mac Gilla Pátraic) is a native Irish dynastic surname which translates into English as ""Son of the Devotee of (St.) Patrick"". In the medieval period, the Mac Giolla Phádraigs were hereditary kings of Osraige; today, the name is commonly translated to "Fitzpatrick".

neg: John Guiney John Guiney (1 October 1868 – 28 May 1931) was an Irish nationalist politician and Member of parliament (MP) in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

neg: O'Casey O'Casey is a common variation of the Gaelic "cathasaigh", meaning "vigilant" or "watchful", with the added anglicized prefix "O'" of the Gaelic "Ó", meaning "grandson" or "descendant". At least six different septs used this name, primarily in the Counties of Cork and Dublin.

neg: John Howard Parnell John Howard Parnell (1843 – 3 May 1923) was an older brother of the Irish Nationalist leader Charles Stewart Parnell and after his brother’s death was himself a Parnellite Nationalist Member of Parliament, for South Meath from 1895 to 1900. From 1898 he was also Dublin City Marshal.

neg: James Boland James "Jim" Boland (6 October 1856 – 11 March 1895) was an Irish republican member of the Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB) who was linked to the Irish National Invincibles. He was the father of republican revolutionaries and politicians Harry and Gerry Boland.

neg: Philip Gray Philip Gray (1821 – 28 February 1857) was an Irish republican, revolutionary and a member of the Irish Confederation. He took part in the Risings of 1848 and 1849 along with James Fintan Lalor and both James Stephens and John O'Mahony, who would go on to establish the Irish Republican Brotherhood in Ireland and the Fenian Brotherhood in the United States.

neg: Irish Americans in the American Civil War Irish-American Catholics served on both sides of the American Civil War (1861–1865) as officers, volunteers and draftees. Immigration due to the Irish Great Famine (1845–1852) had provided many thousands of men as potential recruits although issues of race, religion, pacifism and personal allegiance created some resistance to service. A significant body of these Irishmen later used the military experience gained in the American Civil War to fight against the British Empire with the goal of establishing an Irish Republic as members of the Irish Republican Brotherhood, the Fenian Brotherhood and Clan na Gael. In addition very large numbers of Scots-Irish Protestants were involved in the American Civil War, especially the Confederacy.


query: What was the show " The day the Universe Change" about and What did James Burke do?

pos: The Day the Universe Changed The Day the Universe Changed: A Personal View by James Burke is a British documentary television series written and presented by science historian James Burke, originally broadcast on BBC1 from 19 March until 21 May 1985 by the BBC. The series' primary focus is on the effect of advances in science and technology on western society in its philosophical aspects.

pos: James Burke (science historian) James Burke (born 22 December 1936) is a British broadcaster, science historian, author, and television producer, who is known, among other things, for his documentary television series "Connections" (1978), and for its more philosophically oriented companion series, "The Day the Universe Changed" (1985), which is about the history of science and technology. "The Washington Post" called him "one of the most intriguing minds in the Western world".

neg: Life Today with James Robison Life Today with James Robinson is a syndicated television series with two studios based in Los Angeles, California and New York City. It is hosted by James Robison and Betty Robison. In Canada, the series airs on Global and In Australia, the series airs on 7flix formerly Network Ten.

neg: JAG (season 4) The fourth season of "JAG" premiered on CBS on September 22, 1998, and concluded on May 25, 1999. The season, starring David James Elliott and Catherine Bell, was produced by Belisarius Productions in association with CBS Productions.

neg: Jack Horkheimer: Star Hustler (1976 season) This is an episode list for the 1976 season of the astronomy TV show starring Jack Horkheimer. During this season, the show still had its original name, "Jack Horkheimer: Star Hustler". The show's episode numbering scheme changed several times during its run to coincide with major events in the show's history.

neg: Burke's Law (1963 TV series) Burke's Law is an American detective series that aired on ABC from 1963 to 1966. The show starred Gene Barry as Amos Burke, millionaire captain of Los Angeles police homicide division, who was chauffeured around to solve crimes in his 1962 Rolls-Royce Silver Cloud II. The original series was converted from a detective show to a spy drama, Amos Burke Secret Agent, in its third and final season. The series was revived in 1994–95 on CBS with Barry again playing Burke having returned to detective work.

neg: The Brian Keith Show The Brian Keith Show (originally titled The Little People) is an American sitcom that aired on NBC from September 1972 to March 1974. The series stars Brian Keith and Shelley Fabares.

neg: Earth-One Earth-One (also Earth-1) is a name given to two fictional universes (The Pre-Crisis and Post-Crisis versions of the same universe) that have appeared in American comic book stories published by DC Comics. The first Earth-One was given its name in "Justice League of America" #21 (August 1963), after "The Flash" #123 (September 1961) explained how Golden Age (Earth-Two) versions of characters such as the Flash (Jay Garrick) could appear in stories with their Silver Age counterparts (Barry Allen). This Earth-One continuity included the DC Silver Age heroes, including the Justice League of America. Earth-One, along with the four other surviving Earths of the DC Multiverse, are merged into one in the 1985 miniseries "Crisis on Infinite Earths". This Earth's versions of characters were primarily the Earth-One versions (i.e. Superman, Batman), but some characters from the four other worlds were also "folded" in. In "Infinite Crisis", Earth-One was resurrected and merged with the primary Earth of the publication era to create a New Earth that brought back more aspects of Earth-One's original history. In 2007, a new version of Earth-One was created in the aftermath of events that occurred within the " 52" series.

neg: Day One (Torchwood) "Day One" is the second episode of the first series of the British science fiction television series "Torchwood". Directed by Brian Kelly, the episode was first broadcast on the digital channel BBC Three on 22 October 2006 with the series pilot, "Everything Changes", and later repeated on terrestrial channel BBC Two on 25 October. It was the first work in the "Doctor Who" universe to be written by future "Doctor Who" showrunner Chris Chibnall.

neg: Day by Day (TV series) Day by Day is an American television sitcom aired on NBC. The series ran from February 29, 1988 to June 25, 1989. It stars Douglas Sheehan, Linda Kelsey, Christopher Daniel Barnes, Julia Louis-Dreyfus, Courtney Thorne-Smith, and Thora Birch in her television debut role.

neg: The Ron James Show The Ron James Show is a Canadian television comedy show, which debuted on CBC Television on September 25, 2009.

neg: The Shannon Burke Show The Shannon Burke Show is an American radio Talk Show based in Atlanta, Georgia that airs weekdays from 9am - noon, replacing former host Michael Graham, on News Radio 106.7 WYAY. Prior to Atlanta, it was a radio show on WHPT 102.5 "The Bone" in Tampa, Florida and on WTKS Real Radio in Orlando, Florida. Additionally, the show aired in a 3-hour, uncensored form on BubbaOne at RadioIO.com from 11am to 2pm Monday through Thursday.

neg: The Infestation Hypothesis "The Infestation Hypothesis" is the second episode of the fifth season of "The Big Bang Theory" that first aired on CBS on September 22, 2011. It is the 89th episode overall. In it, Sheldon (Jim Parsons) becomes worried when Penny acquires a new chair, while Leonard (Johnny Galecki) tries to make his long distance relationship with Priya work. The episode was watched by nearly 12 million viewers in the U.S. and received mixed reviews.

neg: MythBusters MythBusters is a science entertainment television program created by Peter Rees and produced by Australia's Beyond Television Productions. The series premiered on the Discovery Channel on January 23, 2003. The series was transmitted by numerous international broadcasters, including SBS Australia (first-run episodes, with repeat episodes shown on 7mate Australia), and other Discovery channels worldwide. The show's hosts, special effects experts Adam Savage and Jamie Hyneman, used elements of the scientific method to test the validity of rumors, myths, movie scenes, adages, Internet videos, and news stories. The show was one of the oldest—and the most popular—on Discovery Channel, being preceded only by "How It's Made" and "Daily Planet", both in Canada. From 2006 to 2016, the show was overseen by British show-runner Dan Tapster, working out of Sydney, San Francisco and Manchester.

neg: Episode 210 The untitled tenth episode of the second season of the television series "30 Rock" was first broadcast in the United States on January 10, 2008, on the NBC network. The episode was written by show runner Robert Carlock and Donald Glover, and was directed by Richard Shepard. Guest stars include James Arden, Julia Barnett, Kevin Brown, James Cavanagh Burke, Grizz Chapman, Edie Falco, Toby Huss and Gladys Knight, who appeared as herself. The episode focuses on Liz Lemon (Tina Fey) and her decision to invest in real-estate, Jack Donaghy's (Alec Baldwin) choice between his job and his girlfriend, and Kenneth Parcell's (Jack McBrayer) addiction to coffee.

neg: Bart's Comet "Bart's Comet" is the fourteenth episode of "The Simpsons"<nowiki>'</nowiki> sixth season. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on February 5, 1995. In the episode, Bart Simpson accidentally discovers a comet, which is heading towards Springfield. The show's writing staff saw an issue of "Time" magazine which presented the threat of comets hitting Earth on its cover, and decided to create an episode in a similar vein. John Swartzwelder wrote the script, while Bob Anderson directed. "Bart's Comet" contains references to "Where's Waldo?" and "The Twilight Zone", and received positive commendations from reviewers.

neg: The Long Dark (Babylon 5 episode) "The Long Dark" is the fifth episode in the second season of the science-fiction television series "Babylon 5". It originally aired on November 30, 1994, in the United States. The DVD brochure included with season two teases the episode by saying "A drifting, century-old spacecraft carries a crewperson (Anne-Marie Johnson) in hybernetic sleep. And something else: a phantom-like spaceling that a self-styled prophet (Dwight Schultz) calls a Soldier of Darkness."

neg: Doctor Doctor (1989 TV series) Doctor Doctor is an American television sitcom that aired on CBS. It began a short run in June 1989, and was picked up for a full season the following fall. A second season followed in fall 1990, but the show was cancelled at the end of the 1990-1991 season, due to low ratings. One episode, "Long Day's Journey Into Deirdre", remains unaired in the US (although it was aired as part of series runs in Australia and Great Britain).

neg: The Last Voyage of the Starship Enterprise "The Last Voyage of the Starship "Enterprise"" is a comedy sketch that first aired on May 29, 1976, during episode 22 of the first season of the NBC variety show, "Saturday Night Live". The twelve-minute sketch was written by Michael O'Donoghue during a month-long process consulting with actor John Belushi. The sketch is a satire of the 1969 cancellation of "". The set design featured an effective replica of the bridge of the U.S.S "Enterprise". Dress rehearsal was difficult, with the writer doubting whether Belushi would be able to pull off an effective parody of William Shatner's performance as Captain James Kirk. However, the result was a success, and O'Donoghue immediately congratulated Belushi after his performance and reflected that he had perfectly parodied Shatner as Kirk.

neg: At Home with Billie Burke At Home With Billie Burke was a TV talk show starring Billie Burke which aired on the DuMont Television Network from June 1951 to the spring of 1952.

neg: The Highwayman (TV series) The Highwayman is an American action-adventure themed television series starring Sam J. Jones, set in "the near future." It was created by Glen A. Larson and Douglas Heyes. The pilot aired in September 1987, and was followed by a short-lived series of nine episodes, with significant changes to the cast and format, that ran from March until May 1988. It was summed up by many reviewers as a cross between "Mad Max" and "Knight Rider".

neg: List of JAG episodes "JAG" (U.S. military acronym for Judge Advocate General) is an American legal drama television show with a distinct U.S. Navy theme, created by Donald P. Bellisario, and produced by Belisarius Productions in association with Paramount Network Television (now CBS Television Studios). The first season was co-produced with NBC Productions.


query: Tír na nÓg are an Irish folk band formed in 1969 in a sovereign state in north-western Europe whose head of government is the what?

pos: Tír na nÓg (band) Tír na nÓg are an Irish folk band formed in Dublin, Ireland, in 1969 by Leo O'Kelly and Sonny Condell. They are often considered as one of the first progressive folk bands with other artists like Nick Drake or groups like Pentangle. Their music mainly consists of their own compositions, based on strong Celtic roots and typically featuring intricate acoustic guitar playing and close harmony singing. In their early years, they toured the folk clubs of the United Kingdom or internationally as a support act for several rock bands. Today, they regularly give concerts, especially in Ireland.

pos: Republic of Ireland Ireland ( ; Irish: "Éire" ] ), also known as the Republic of Ireland ("Poblacht na hÉireann "), is a sovereign state in north-western Europe occupying 26 of 32 counties of the island of Ireland. The capital and largest city is Dublin, which is located on the eastern part of the island, and whose metropolitan area is home to around a third of the country's 4.75 million inhabitants. The state shares its only land border with Northern Ireland, a part of the United Kingdom. It is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the Celtic Sea to the south, Saint George's Channel to the south-east, and the Irish Sea to the east. It is a unitary, parliamentary republic. The legislature, the "Oireachtas ", consists of a lower house, "Dáil Éireann ", an upper house, "Seanad Éireann ", and an elected President ("Uachtarán ") who serves as the largely ceremonial head of state, but with some important powers and duties. The head of government is the "Taoiseach " (Prime Minister, literally 'Chief', a title not used in English), who is elected by the Dáil and appointed by the President; the Taoiseach in turn appoints other government ministers.

neg: Principality A principality (or princedom) can either be a monarchical feudatory or a sovereign state, ruled or reigned over by a monarch with the title of prince or by a monarch with another title within the generic use of the term "prince".

neg: Prime Minister of France The French Prime Minister (French: "Premier ministre français" ) in the Fifth Republic is the head of government and of the Council of Ministers of France. During the Third and Fourth Republics, the head of government position was called President of the Council of Ministers (French: "Président du Conseil des Ministres" ), generally shortened to President of the Council (French: "Président du Conseil" ).

neg: President of Artsakh The President of Artsakh is the head of state of the unrecognized Republic of Artsakh.

neg: Prime Minister of Belgium The Prime Minister of Belgium (Dutch: "Eerste minister van België" ; French: "Premier ministre de Belgique" ; German: "Premierminister von Belgien" ) or the Premier of Belgium is the head of the federal government in the Kingdom of Belgium.

neg: Realm of New Zealand The Realm of New Zealand is the entire area (or realm) in which the Queen of New Zealand is head of state. The Realm of New Zealand is not a federation or a unitary state; it is a collection of states and territories united under a monarch. New Zealand is a sovereign state. It has one Antarctic territorial claim, the Ross Dependency; one dependent territory, Tokelau; and two associated states, the Cook Islands and Niue.

neg: Premier of Tasmania The Premier of Tasmania is the head of the executive government in the Australian state of Tasmania. By convention, the leader of the party or political grouping which has majority support in the House of Assembly is invited by the Governor of Tasmania to be Premier and principal adviser.

neg: Provisional Government of Ireland (1922) The Provisional Government of Ireland (Irish: "Rialtas Sealadach na hÉireann" ) was the provisional government for the administration of Southern Ireland from 16 January 1922 to 5 December 1922. It was a transitional administration for the period between the ratifying of the Anglo-Irish Treaty and the establishment of the Irish Free State. Its legitimacy was disputed by the Anti-Treaty delegates to Dáil Éireann.

neg: Belgium Belgium ( ), officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a sovereign state in Western Europe bordered by France, the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg, and the North Sea. It is a small, densely populated country which covers an area of 30528 km2 and has a population of about 11 million people. Straddling the cultural boundary between Germanic and Latin Europe, Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups: the Dutch-speaking, mostly Flemish community, which constitutes about 59 percent of the population, and the French-speaking, mostly Walloon population, which comprises 40 percent of all Belgians. Additionally, there is a small 1 percent group of German-speakers who live in the East Cantons.

neg: President of Extremadura The President of Extremadura is the head of government of the Spanish autonomous community of Extremadura.

neg: Standing Council of Irish Chiefs and Chieftains The Standing Council of Irish Chiefs and Chieftains (Irish: "Buanchomhairle Thaoisigh Éireann" ) is an organisation which was established to bring together the Chiefs of the Name of the Gaelic nobility of Ireland. As a republic, the Constitution of Ireland prohibits the conferring of "titles of nobility" by the state.

neg: Prime Minister of Northern Ireland The Prime Minister of Northern Ireland was the head of the Government of Northern Ireland between 1921 and 1972. No such office was provided for in the Government of Ireland Act 1920, however the Lord Lieutenant, as with Governors-General in other Westminster Systems such as in Canada, chose to appoint someone to head the executive even though no such post existed in statute law. The office-holder assumed the title "Prime Minister" to draw parallels with the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. On the advice of the new Prime Minister, the Lord Lieutenant then created the "Department of the Prime Minister". The office of Prime Minister of Northern Ireland was abolished in 1972, along with the contemporary government, when direct rule of Northern Ireland was transferred to London.

neg: Governing Mayor of Berlin The Governing Mayor (German: "Regierender Bürgermeister" ) of Berlin is the head of government, presiding over the Berlin Senate. As Berlin is an independent city as well as one of the constituent States of Germany ("Bundesländer"), the office is the equivalent of the Ministers-President of the other German states —except the two other city-states of Hamburg and Bremen, where the heads of government are called "First Mayor" and "Mayor and President of the Senate", respectively. The title Governing Mayor of Berlin is the equivalent of Lord Mayor in the meaning of an actual executive leader.

neg: President of Mongolia The President of Mongolia (Mongolian: Монгол Улсын Ерөнхийлөгч , "Mongol Ulsyn Yerönkhiilögch") is the executive head of state of Mongolia.

neg: List of companies of the Isle of Man The Isle of Man is a self-governing crown dependency in the Irish Sea between England and Northern Ireland. The head of state is Queen Elizabeth II, who holds the title of Lord of Mann. The Lord of Mann is represented by a Lieutenant Governor. Foreign relations and defence are the responsibility of the British Government.

neg: President of Belarus The President of the Republic of Belarus (Belarusian: Прэзідэнт Рэспублікі Беларусь , Russian: Президент Республики Беларусь ) is the head of state of Belarus. The office was created in 1994 with the passing of the Constitution of Belarus by the Supreme Soviet. This replaced the office of Chairman of the Supreme Soviet as the head of state. The tasks of the president including executing foreign and domestic policy, defend the rights and general welfare of citizens and residents and to uphold the Constitution. The president is mandated by the Constitution to serve as a leader in the social affairs of the country and to act as its main representative abroad. The duties, responsibilities and other transitional clauses dealing with the presidency are listed in Chapter Three, Articles 79 through 89, of the Constitution.

neg: Head of state A head of state (or chief of state) is the public persona that officially represents the national unity and legitimacy of a sovereign state. Depending on the country's form of government and separation of powers, the head of state may be a purely ceremonial figurehead with limited or no executive power or concurrently the head of government.

neg: Council of State (Denmark) The Council of State (Danish: "Statsrådet" ) is the privy council of Denmark. The body of advisors to the Danish sovereign, the council is a formal institution, with largely ceremonial functions. Chaired by the sovereign, the council comprises all cabinet ministers and the crown prince or hereditary princess when he or she is of age. When unavailable, the sovereign is represented by the regent or Lord Protector (Danish: "Rigsforstander" ).

neg: Andorra Andorra ( ; ] , ] ), officially the Principality of Andorra (Catalan: "Principat d'Andorra" ), also called the Principality of the Valleys of Andorra (Catalan: "Principat de les Valls d'Andorra" ), is a sovereign landlocked microstate in Southwestern Europe, located in the eastern Pyrenees mountains and bordered by Spain and France. Created under a charter in 988, the present principality was formed in 1278. It is known as a principality as it is a diarchy headed by two Co-Princesthe Catholic Bishop of Urgell in Spain, and the President of France.

neg: President of Finland The President of the Republic of Finland (Finnish: "Suomen tasavallan presidentti" , Swedish: "Republiken Finlands president" ) is the nation's head of state. Under the Finnish constitution, executive power is vested in the president and the cabinet, with the president possessing only residual powers. The president is elected directly by the people of Finland for a term of six years. Since 1991, no president may be elected for more than two consecutive terms. The president must be a native-born Finnish citizen. The office was established by the Constitution Act of 1919. The current office-holder is Sauli Niinistö.

neg: Ban of Croatia Ban of Croatia (Croatian: "Hrvatski ban"; Hungarian: "horvát bán" ) was the title of local rulers or office holders and after 1102 viceroys of Croatia. From earliest periods of Croatian state, some provinces were ruled by Bans as a rulers representative (viceroy) and supreme military commander. In the 18th century, Croatian bans eventually become chief government officials in Croatia. They were at the head of Ban's Government, effectively the first prime ministers of Croatia. The institution of ban in Croatia persisted until the 20th century.


query: What is the real name of the author of "Treatise on Tolerance"?

pos: Treatise on Tolerance The Treatise on Tolerance on the Occasion of the Death of Jean Calas from the Judgment Rendered in Toulouse ("Pieces Originales Concernant la Mort des Sieurs Calas det le Jugement rendu a Toulouse") is a work by French philosopher Voltaire, published in 1763, in which he calls for tolerance between religions, and targets religious fanaticism, especially that of the Jesuits (under whom Voltaire received his early education), indicting all superstitions surrounding religions.

pos: Voltaire François-Marie Arouet (] ; 21 November 1694 – 30 May 1778), known by his "nom de plume" Voltaire ( ; ] ), was a French Enlightenment writer, historian, and philosopher famous for his wit, his attacks on the established Catholic Church, and his advocacy of freedom of religion, freedom of speech, and separation of church and state.

neg: Jeremy Bentham Jeremy Bentham ( ; 15 February 1748 [O.S. 4 February 1747] – 6 June 1832) was an English philosopher, jurist, and social reformer regarded as the founder of modern utilitarianism.

neg: David Loy David Robert Loy (born 1947) is an American author and authorized teacher in the Sanbo Zen lineage of Japanese Zen Buddhism.

neg: Adam Szostkiewicz Adam Szostkiewicz (] ; born 22 June 1952 in Częstochowa) is a Polish author, commentator on religion and politics, journalist and translator.

neg: Charles Maurras Charles-Marie-Photius Maurras (] ; 20 April 1868 – 16 November 1952) was a French author, poet, and critic. He was an organizer and principal philosopher of "Action Française", a political movement that was monarchist, anti-parliamentarist, and counter-revolutionary. Maurras' ideas greatly influenced National Catholicism and "nationalisme intégral". A major tenet of integral nationalism was stated by Maurras as "a true nationalist places his country above everything". A political theorist and a major intellectual influence in early 20th-century Europe, his views influenced several far-right ideologies; it also anticipated some of the ideas of fascism.

neg: George Schuyler George Samuel Schuyler ( ; February 25, 1895 – August 31, 1977) was an African-American author, journalist, and social commentator known for his conservativism after he had supported socialism.

neg: Robin Meyers Robin R. Meyers is an American Christian minister, peace activist, philosophy professor and author of seven books on Progressive Christianity and Western society. He has been a syndicated columnist and an award-winning commentator for National Public Radio and the Senior Minister of the Mayflower Congregational United Church of Christ in Oklahoma City since 1985. He is Distinguished Professor of Social Justice in the Philosophy Department at Oklahoma City University, where he has taught since 1991.

neg: Daniel Mendelsohn Daniel Mendelsohn (born 16 April 1960) is an American memoirist, essayist, critic, columnist, and translator.

neg: Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn Erik Maria Ritter von Kuehnelt-Leddihn (born July 31, 1909 in Tobelbad (now Haselsdorf-Tobelbad), Austro-Hungarian Empire; died May 26, 1999, in Lans, Austria) was an Austrian political scientist. Describing himself as an "extreme conservative arch-liberal" or "liberal of the extreme right", Kuehnelt-Leddihn often argued that majority rule in democracies is a threat to individual liberties, and declared himself a monarchist and an enemy of all forms of totalitarianism, although he also supported what he defined as non-democratic "republics," such as Switzerland and the United States. Described as "A Walking Book of Knowledge", Kuehnelt-Leddihn had an encyclopedic knowledge of the humanities and was a polyglot, able to speak eight languages and read seventeen others. His early books "The Menace of the Herd" and "Liberty or Equality" were influential within the American conservative movement. An associate of William F. Buckley Jr., his best-known writings appeared in "National Review", where he was a columnist for 35 years.

neg: Reinhold Niebuhr Karl Paul Reinhold Niebuhr ( ; June 21, 1892June 1, 1971) was an American theologian, ethicist, commentator on politics and public affairs, and professor at Union Theological Seminary for more than 30 years. Niebuhr was one of America's leading public intellectuals for several decades of the 20th century and received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1964. A public theologian, he wrote and spoke frequently about the intersection of religion, politics, and public policy, with his most influential books including "Moral Man and Immoral Society" and "The Nature and Destiny of Man", the second of which Modern Library ranked one of the top 20 nonfiction books of the twentieth century. Andrew Bacevich labelled Niebuhr's book "The Irony of American History" "the most important book ever written on U.S. foreign policy." Historian Arthur Schlesinger Jr. described Niebuhr as "the most influential American theologian of the 20th century" and "Time" posthumously called Niebuhr "the greatest Protestant theologian in America since Jonathan Edwards."

neg: Peter Galbraith Peter Woodard Galbraith (born December 31, 1950) is an American author, academic, commentator, politician, policy advisor, and former United States diplomat.

neg: On the Jews and Their Lies On the Jews and Their Lies (German: "Von den Jüden und iren Lügen" ; in modern spelling "Von den Juden und ihren Lügen" ) is a 65,000-word anti-semitic treatise written in 1543 by the German Reformation leader Martin Luther.

neg: Jay E. Adams Jay Edward Adams (born January 30, 1929) is an American, Reformed Christian author who has written more than 100 books. His books have been translated into 16 languages, and he received his doctorate in preaching.

neg: Thomas Woods Thomas Ernest Woods Jr. (born August 1, 1972) is an American historian, political commentator, author, and podcaster. Woods is a "New York Times" Best-Selling author and has published twelve books. He has written extensively on subjects including the history of the United States, Catholicism, contemporary politics, and economics. Although not an economist himself, Woods is a proponent of the Austrian School of economics. He hosts two podcasts, "The Tom Woods Show" and "Contra Krugman".

neg: Jim Lippard James Joseph Lippard (born 1965) is an American skeptic and activist freethinker.

neg: Henry Stephens Salt Henry Stephens Salt ( ; 20 September 1851 – 19 April 1939) was an English writer and campaigner for social reform in the fields of prisons, schools, economic institutions, and the treatment of animals. He was a noted ethical vegetarian, anti-vivisectionist, socialist, and pacifist, and was well known as a literary critic, biographer, classical scholar and naturalist. It was Salt who first introduced Mohandas Gandhi to the influential works of Henry David Thoreau, and influenced Gandhi's study of vegetarianism.

neg: Marvin Hier Rabbi Marvin (Moshe Chaim) Hier (מרווין היר/האייר/הייר) (born 1939 in New York City) is the dean and founder of the Simon Wiesenthal Center, its Museum of Tolerance and of Moriah, the Center's film division.

neg: Religious Affections A Treatise Concerning Religious Affections is a famous publication written in 1746 by Jonathan Edwards describing his philosophy about the process of Christian conversion in Northampton, Massachusetts during the First Great Awakening, which emanated from Edwards' congregation starting in 1734.

neg: Humanistic education Humanistic education (also called person-centered education) is an approach to education based on the work of humanistic psychologists, most notably Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers. Carl Rogers has been called the "Father of Humanistic Psychology" and devoted much of his efforts toward applying the results of his psychological research to person-centered teaching where empathy, caring about students, and genuineness on the part of the learning facilitator were found to be the key traits of the most effective teachers . He edited a series of books dealing with humanistic education in his "Studies of the Person Series," which included his book, "Freedom to Learn" and "Learning to Feel - Feeling to Learn - Humanistic Education for the Whole Man," by Harold C. Lyon, Jr. In the 1970s the term "humanistic education" became less popular after conservative groups equated it with "Secular Humanism" and attacked the writings of Harold Lyon as being anti-Christian. That began a successful effort by Aspy, Lyon, Rogers, and others to re-label it "person-centered teaching", replacing the term "humanistic education." In a more general sense the term includes the work of other humanistic pedagogues, such as Rudolf Steiner, and Maria Montessori. All of these approaches seek to engage the "whole person" : the intellect, feeling life , social capacities, and artistic and practical skills are all important focuses for growth and development. Important objectives include developing children's self-esteem, their ability to set and achieve appropriate goals, and their development toward full autonomy.

neg: Emile, or On Education Emile, or On Education or Émile, or Treatise on Education (French: "Émile, ou De l’éducation" ) is a treatise on the nature of education and on the nature of man written by Jean-Jacques Rousseau, who considered it to be the "best and most important" of all his writings. Due to a section of the book entitled "Profession of Faith of the Savoyard Vicar", "Emile" was banned in Paris and Geneva and was publicly burned in 1762, the year of its first publication. During the French Revolution, "Emile" served as the inspiration for what became a new national system of education.

neg: Jeff Schweitzer Jeff Schweitzer (born 1957) is an American non-fiction author, scientist, political commentator and proponent of scientific skepticism. His published works are largely devoted to the interrelationship between politics, morality, religion and science. He is a blogger for The Huffington Post.


query: In which continent will you find both Lygodium and Dendrocalamus?

pos: Lygodium Lygodium (climbing fern) is a genus of about 40 species of ferns, native to tropical regions across the world, with a few temperate species in eastern Asia and eastern North America. It is the sole genus in the family Lygodiaceae, though included in the family Schizaeaceae by some botanists.

pos: Dendrocalamus Dendrocalamus is a tropical Asian genus of giant clumping bamboos in the grass family. It is found in the Indian subcontinent, China, and Southeast Asia.

neg: Raddiella Raddiella is a genus of Neotropical plants in the grass family native to South America, Panama and Trinidad.

neg: Dendrocnide Dendrocnide is a genus of 37 species of shrubs to large trees in the nettle family Urticaceae. They have a wide distribution across Southeast Asia, North East India, Australia and the Pacific Islands.

neg: Dendrobium crepidatum The Shoe-lipped Dendrobium (Dendrobium crepidatum) is a species of orchid. It is native to southern China (Guizhou, Yunnan), the eastern Himalayas (India, Assam, Sikkim, Bhutan, Arunachal Pradesh, Nepal, Bangladesh), and northern Indochina (Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam).

neg: Plasmodium brygooi Plasmodium brygooi is a parasite of the genus "Plasmodium".

neg: Eurasia Eurasia is a combined continental landmass of Europe and Asia. The term is a portmanteau of its constituent continents (Europe & Asia). Located primarily in the Northern and Eastern Hemispheres, it is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Pacific Ocean to the east, the Arctic Ocean to the north, and by Africa, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Indian Ocean to the south. The division between Europe and Asia as two different continents is a historical social construct, with no clear physical separation between them; thus, in some parts of the world, Eurasia is recognized as the largest of five or six continents. In geology, Eurasia is often considered as a single rigid megablock. However, the rigidity of Eurasia is debated based on the paleomagnet data.

neg: Lycaena Lycaena is a butterfly genus. The genus range is Holarctic, with the exception of four species found in New Zealand, two in South Africa, one in New Guinea and one in Java. It is commonly divided into several subgenera, such as "Antipodolycaena". Many formerly independent genera are now subsumed within "Lycaena"; the genus "Gaiedes" may also belong here. Many of the subgenera, species groups and species listed here may be synonyms.

neg: Dendrobium gracilicaule The Delicate Dendrobium or Leopard Orchid (Dendrobium gracilicaule) is a species of orchid. It is native to Australia and to certain islands in the southern Pacific Ocean. Two varieties are recognized:

neg: Zygonyx torridus Zygonyx torridus is a species of dragonfly in the family Libellulidae. It is found in Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Comoros, the Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Réunion, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Spain, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, United Arab Emirates and possibly Burundi. Its natural habitat is rivers.

neg: Himalayacalamus Himalayacalamus is an Asiangenus of mountain clumping bamboo in the grass family. Species members are found growing at lower altitudes of the Himalaya in Bhutan, Tibet, India, and Nepal.

neg: Dendromus Mice in the genus Dendromus are commonly referred to as African climbing mice or tree mice, although these terms are often used to describe all members of the subfamily Dendromurinae. The genus is currently restricted to sub-Saharan Africa, but fossils classified in the genus have been found from Late Miocene deposits in Arabia and Europe.

neg: Dusicyon Dusicyon is an extinct genus of South American canids. The type species is "Dusicyon australis", the Falkland Islands wolf. In 1914, Oldfield Thomas established this genus, in which he included the culpeo and other South American foxes. These other canids were removed to "Lycalopex" by Langguth in 1975. "Dusicyon avus", widely distributed in the late Pleistocene from Uruguay through Buenos Aires Province to southernmost Chile, is the closest known relative of the Falkland Islands wolf; the two lineages split only about 16,000 years ago. It died out in the late Holocene, about 2980 years ago on the island of Tierra del Fuego and almost 1700 years in the continent.

neg: Agama armata The tropical spiny agama ("Agama armata") is a species of lizard from the Agamidae family, found in most of sub-Saharan Africa. The species is found in South Africa, Mozambique, Namibia, Botswana, Zambia, Swaziland, southern Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire), southwestern Kenya, and central Tanzania.

neg: Dacalana anysis Dacalana anysis is a butterfly in the Lycaenidae family. It is found on the Indonesian islands of Sulawesi and Banggai.

neg: Continent A continent is one of several very large landmasses on Earth. Generally identified by convention rather than any strict criteria, up to seven regions are commonly regarded as continents. Ordered from largest in size to smallest, they are: Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia.

neg: Lomatogonium Lomatogonium is a genus of 18 species in the family Gentianaceae, found in cool temperate to subarctic regions of Asia, with two species ("L. carinthiacum", "L. rotatum") also in Europe and one species ("L. rotatum") also in North America. By far the highest diversity is in China, with 16 species.

neg: Stygobromus Stygobromus is a genus of amphipod crustaceans that live in subterranean habitats. As well as a large number of species in North America, a smaller number of species are also known from Eurasia. Most of the North American species live in areas which were not covered by the Laurentide ice sheet, although a few species seem to have survived under the ice. A number of species are on the IUCN Red List as endangered species (EN) or vulnerable species (VU); all the listed species are endemic to the United States. One species, "S. lucifugus", is extinct. "Stygobromus" includes the following species:

neg: Drymus brunneus Drymus brunneus is a species of insect in the family Lygaeidae. It is found in the Palearctic. In the West Palearctic it is lacking only in the far north of Northern and Eastern Europe. In the East, the species ranges to the Caucasus and Siberia.

neg: Dendrobium longicornu Dendrobium longicornu, the Long-horned Dendrobium, is a species of orchid native to Asia.

neg: Lygodactylus Lygodactylus is a genus of diurnal geckos with approximately 60 species. They are commonly referred to as dwarf geckos. They are mainly found in Africa and Madagascar although two species are found in South America. "Lygodactylus picturatus", the best known species, is found in Kenya and commonly known as the white-headed dwarf gecko. Recently, illegal importation from Tanzania of brightly colored (and critically-endangered), "Lygodactylus williamsi," known as electric blue geckos, has been gaining attention for "Lygodactylus" geckos in the reptile trade.

neg: Phalaris (plant) Phalaris is a genus of grasses. Various species of "Phalaris" grow on every continent except Antarctica. They can be found in a broad range of habitats from below sea level to thousands of feet above sea level and from wet marshy areas to dry places. "P. arundinacea" and "P. aquatica" are sometimes invasive species in wetlands.


query: What is the profession of both Michel Gondry and Ruby Yang?

pos: Michel Gondry Michel Gondry (] ; born 8 May 1963) is a French independent film director, screenwriter, and producer. He is noted for his inventive visual style and distinctive manipulation of mise en scène. He won an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay as one of the writers of "Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind" (2004), which is often ranked one of the greatest films of the 2000s.

pos: Ruby Yang Ruby Yang (楊紫燁; Simplified Chinese: 杨紫烨), is a Chinese American filmmaker.

neg: The Science of Sleep The Science of Sleep (French: "La Science des rêves", literally "The Science of Dreams") is a 2006 surrealistic science fantasy comedy film written and directed by Michel Gondry. The film stars Gael García Bernal, Charlotte Gainsbourg, Miou-Miou, and Alain Chabat. The film stems from a bed-time story that was written by Sam Mounier, then 10 years old.

neg: Claudia Gonson Claudia Miriam Gonson, (born April 5, 1968 in Boston, Massachusetts) is an American musician best known for her work with The Magnetic Fields. She occasionally provides the band lead vocals as well as performing the piano or drums. She is also currently the band's manager.

neg: Tang Li Tang Li (Chinese: 唐莉; Pinyin: Táng Lì; born July 27, 1982) is a Chinese professional Go player.

neg: Michel Cartry Michel Cartry (1931–2008) was a French Africanist and anthropologist of religion.

neg: Maxime Giroux Maxime Giroux (born 16 April 1976) is a film director from Quebec, Canada.

neg: Michel Venne Michel Venne (born in 1960) is a Quebec journalist, author and intellectual. He is a columnist for the Montreal newspaper "Le Devoir". He is founder and director of the Institut du Nouveau Monde. Venne is a vocal advocate of Quebec independence and of progressive, social democratic politics.

neg: Michel Ménard Michel Ménard (born May 20, 1961) is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Loire-Atlantique department, and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.

neg: François Goetghebeur François Goetghebeur (born November 13, 1974) is a French film director, photographer, and art director. He became well known in the music world thanks to his work including recordings, documentaries, and artists' portraits.

neg: Gontran Cherrier Gontran Cherrier is a French Baker and Pastry Chef, a cookbook author, a TV presenter and an entrepreneur born on the 11th of November 1978 in the small city of Luc-sur-Mer (Calvados) in France

neg: Michel Ciment Michel Ciment (] ; born 26 May 1938 in Paris) is a French film critic and the editor of the cinema magazine "Positif".

neg: Cécile Duflot Cécile Duflot (] ; born 1 April 1975) is a French politician.

neg: Chantal Goya Chantal Goya (born Chantal de Guerre; 10 June 1942) is a French singer and actress.

neg: Ruby Puryear Hearn Ruby Louise Puryear Hearn (born April 13, 1940) is an African-American biophysicist who has dedicated her career to health policy.

neg: Marc Lasry Marc Lasry (September 30th 1959) is a billionaire Moroccan-born American hedge fund manager. He is the co-founder and chief executive officer (CEO) of Avenue Capital Group and the co-owner of the NBA's Milwaukee Bucks.

neg: En Marche! En Marche! (] ; English translation: "Forward!", "Onward!", "Working!" or "On The Move!"), also known as La République En Marche!, is a centrist and liberal political party in France. It was founded on 6 April 2016 by Emmanuel Macron, a former Minister of Economy, Industry and Digital Affairs, who was later elected President of France in the 2017 presidential election by a landslide 66.1% of the second-round vote. Macron considers En Marche! to be a progressive movement, uniting both the left and the right.

neg: Rosi Sexton Rosemary Ann Sexton (born 16 July 1977) is a mathematician, athlete, sports therapist, osteopath, writer and musician. She had a career in mixed martial arts (MMA), from which she retired in 2014.

neg: Philip Goring Philip Kenneth Alfred Goring (born 1966) is an English film director, known for his pioneering subversive, experimental and controversial style. He has attracted criticism for being obsessed with sexuality and the church. His narrative films in the main are adaptations of existing texts and biographies, although, the majority of his video and film works are what would be considered Avant-garde or experimental.

neg: Michel Hockx Michel Hockx (born 1964) is a professor of Chinese Literature in the Department of East Asian Languages and Cultures and the Director of the Liu Institute for Asia and Asian Studies in the Keough School of Global Affairs at the University of Notre Dame. Hockx previously served as a Professor of Chinese at SOAS, University of London and as Founding Director of the China Institute.

neg: Yury Yanowsky Yury Yanowsky (born in Lyon, France) is a French-born Spanish ballet dancer and choreographer and former principal dancer with the Boston Ballet.

neg: Matt Goias Matt Goias (born October 12, 1977) is a New York City-based entrepreneur, music producer and writer.