query: The team Scott Marr coaches is in what University Division?

pos: Scott Marr Scott Marr is an American lacrosse coach. He is currently the head coach for the University at Albany Great Danes men's lacrosse team. He previously served as the offensive coordinator at the University of Maryland and University of Delaware. Marr led the Great Danes to the school's first ever NCAA tournament appearance in 2003. In 2007, Albany won its first NCAA tournament game, and the United States Intercollegiate Lacrosse Association named Marr the Coach of the Year.

pos: Albany Great Danes men's lacrosse The Albany Great Danes men's lacrosse team represents the University at Albany in NCAA Division I men's college lacrosse. Albany currently competes in the America East Conference and plays its home games on John Fallon Field. The team has reached the NCAA Men's Lacrosse Championship tournament nine times. The Great Danes are currently coached by Scott Marr.

neg: UMass Lowell River Hawks The UMass Lowell River Hawks are the NCAA Division I intercollegiate athletics teams representing the University of Massachusetts Lowell in Lowell, Massachusetts, United States. Members of the America East Conference for all sports (except the men's ice hockey team, which competes in Hockey East). UMass Lowell sponsors teams in eight men's and nine women's NCAA sanctioned sports. Prior to transitioning to Division I (2013–17), the River Hawks competed in the Northeast-10 Conference in Division II.

neg: Tennessee Volunteers football The Tennessee Volunteers football program (variously called "Tennessee", "Vols", or "UT") represents the University of Tennessee (UT) in the sport of American football. The Volunteers compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Eastern Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC).

neg: Bryant Bulldogs The Bryant Bulldogs are the athletic teams representing Bryant University in Smithfield, Rhode Island. The Bulldogs are currently in NCAA Division I reclassification process and compete at the Division I level as a member of the Northeast Conference. Bryant's largest rivalry during its Division II years was Bentley College, both founders of the Northeast-10 and both have prominent business programs. Bryant University athletics started out as a member of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) before it transitioned into Division II. Bryant competed in the Northeast-10 Conference from the conference's founding in 1980 until 2008 when the university began the transition to Division I. In 2012, Bryant became a full Division I member.

neg: Concordia Golden Bears The Concordia Golden Bears are the athletic teams that represent Concordia University, located in St. Paul, Minnesota, in NCAA Division II intercollegiate sports. The Golden Bears compete as members of the Northern Sun Intercollegiate Conference for all 13 varsity sports.

neg: FIU Panthers The FIU Panthers are the athletic teams representing Florida International University (FIU), an American public university located in Miami, Florida. The Panthers currently compete in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I athletics as members of Conference USA.

neg: Minnesota Golden Gophers baseball The Minnesota Golden Gophers baseball team is the varsity intercollegiate athletic team of the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States. The team competes in the National Collegiate Athletic Association's Division I and are members of the Big Ten Conference.

neg: Marshall Thundering Herd men's basketball The Marshall Thundering Herd men's basketball team represents Marshall University in Huntington, West Virginia. They compete in the NCAA Division I as a member of Conference USA.

neg: Minot State Beavers The Minot State Beavers are the intercollegiate athletic teams of Minot State University (MSU), located in Minot, North Dakota. The Beavers currently in the process of transitioning from the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) to the NCAA Division II. The university was previously a member of the NAIA's Dakota Athletic Conference (DAC) and competed as an independent as a provisional member for the 2011–12 academic year before joining the Northern Sun Intercollegiate Conference (NSIC) in 2012. Minot State Beavers men's and women's ice hockey teams currently play in the American Collegiate Hockey Association (ACHA), the men's team plays as is an independent team at the ACHA Men's Division I level and women's team at the ACHA Women's Division II level.

neg: Penn State Nittany Lions baseball The Penn State Nittany Lions baseball team is the varsity intercollegiate athletic team of the Pennsylvania State University in University Park, Pennsylvania, United States. The team competes in the National Collegiate Athletic Association's Division I and are members of the Big Ten Conference.

neg: LSU Tigers and Lady Tigers The LSU Tigers and Lady Tigers are the athletic teams representing Louisiana State University (LSU), a public four-year coeducational university located in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. LSU competes in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC).

neg: Ohio Bobcats men's basketball The Ohio Bobcats men's basketball team is an intercollegiate varsity sports program of Ohio University. The team is a member of the Mid-American Conference East Division competing in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The Bobcats have played their home games in the Convocation Center since 1968.

neg: Houston Cougars Houston Cougars are the athletic teams that represent the University of Houston. Informally, the Houston Cougars have also been referred to as the Coogs, UH, or simply Houston. Houston's nickname was created by early physical education instructor of the university and former head football coach of the Washington State Cougars John R. Bender, as he had grown fond of the name during his time there. The teams compete in the NCAA's Division I and the Football Bowl Subdivision as members of the American Athletic Conference.

neg: Kansas State Wildcats football The Kansas State Wildcats football program (variously Kansas State, K-State, or KSU) is the intercollegiate football program of the Kansas State University Wildcats. The program is classified in the NCAA Division I Bowl Subdivision (FBS), and the team competes in the Big 12 Conference.

neg: Gonzaga Bulldogs The Gonzaga Bulldogs (also known unofficially as the Zags) are the intercollegiate athletic teams representing Gonzaga University, located in Spokane, Washington, United States. Gonzaga competes in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I as a member of the West Coast Conference.

neg: Oklahoma Sooners men's basketball The Oklahoma Sooners men's basketball team represents the University of Oklahoma in men's NCAA Division I basketball. The Sooners play in the Big 12 Conference.

neg: 2015–16 Denver Pioneers men's basketball team The 2015–16 Denver Pioneers men's basketball team represented the University of Denver during the 2015–16 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Pioneers, led by ninth year head coach Joe Scott, played their home games at Magness Arena and were members of The Summit League. They finished the season 16–15, 7–9 in Summit League play to finish in sixth place. They defeated Nebraska–Omaha in the quarterfinals of The Summit League Tournament to advance to the semifinals where they lost to South Dakota State.

neg: Davenport Panthers The Davenport Panthers are the athletic teams of Davenport University located in Caledonia Township, Michigan. DU is a member of the NAIA and the Wolverine-Hoosier Athletic Conference for most sports. In addition to NAIA sports, DU also offers additional sports that the NAIA does not currently sponsor championships for. Men's lacrosse is a member of the MCLA Division I in the Central Collegiate Lacrosse Association; women's lacrosse is a member of the National Women's Lacrosse League (NWLL). Men's rugby competes at the Division I level of USA Rugby's Midwest Rugby Union, as well as a JV team at the DII level. Men's ice hockey competes in the ACHA Division I in the Great Lakes Collegiate Hockey League (GLCHL), as well as a JV team at the ACHA DIII level.

neg: Appalachian State Mountaineers The Appalachian State Mountaineers are the athletic teams that represent Appalachian State University in Boone, North Carolina, United States. The Mountaineers compete in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and were a member of the Southern Conference (SoCon) between 1972 and 2014. On July 1, 2014, Appalachian State moved to the Sun Belt Conference. Appalachian State fields varsity teams in 20 sports, 10 for men and 10 for women. The football team competes in the Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS), formerly I-A, as a result of the transition to the Sun Belt. The wrestling team remains in the Southern Conference because the Sun Belt does not sponsor the sport. In field hockey, another sport not sponsored by the Sun Belt, Appalachian State will join the Mid-American Conference for the upcoming 2017 season after playing two seasons as an independent following the demise of its former league, the Northern Pacific Field Hockey Conference (NorPac). Appalachian State has Sun Belt rivalries with all of the East Division schools (Coastal Carolina, Georgia Southern, Georgia State, Troy, and South Alabama). Appalachian State's main Sun Belt rivals are Coastal Carolina and Georgia Southern.

neg: Murray State Racers women's basketball The Murray State Racers women's basketball program represents intercollegiate men's basketball repersenting Murray State University. The school competes in the Ohio Valley Conference in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA).

neg: Marquette University Radio Marquette University Radio (MUR) is the student-run College radio station for Marquette University in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States.


query: Martin Childs won the 1998 Academy Award for best Art Direction-Set Decoration for a movie directed by who ?

pos: Martin Childs Martin David William Childs MBE (born 1 July 1954), is a British production designer. He won the 1998 Academy Award for best Art Direction-Set Decoration (jointly with Jill Quertier) for Shakespeare in Love, and was nominated at the 74th Academy Awards for his work on the film "Quills". He has also been nominated once for the Art Directors Guild Award for Excellence in Production Design, and three times for a BAFTA Award for Best Production Design.

pos: Shakespeare in Love Shakespeare in Love is a 1998 American romantic period comedy-drama film directed by John Madden, written by Marc Norman and playwright Tom Stoppard. The film depicts an imaginary love affair involving Viola de Lesseps (Gwyneth Paltrow) and playwright William Shakespeare (Joseph Fiennes) while he was writing "Romeo and Juliet". Several characters are based on historical figures, and many of the characters, lines, and plot devices allude to Shakespeare's plays.

neg: The Hi-Lo Country The Hi-Lo Country is a 1998 American Western-drama film directed by Stephen Frears, starring Billy Crudup, Penélope Cruz, Woody Harrelson, Cole Hauser, Sam Elliott, Patricia Arquette, Enrique Castillo, and Katy Jurado. It is set in post-World War II New Mexico and is based on the Western novel by Max Evans.

neg: Cry of the City Cry of the City is a 1948 black-and-white film noir directed by Robert Siodmak based on the novel by Henry Edward Helseth, "The Chair for Martin Rome." Veteran film noir-writer Ben Hecht worked on the film's script, but is not credited. The film was shot partly on location in New York City.

neg: The White Raven (1998 film) The White Raven is a 1998 action crime thriller starring Ron Silver, Joanna Pacuła and Roy Scheider. Directed by Jakub Z. Rucinski and Andrew Stevens, the film is based on the novel of the same name by Michael Blodgett.

neg: U.S. Marshals (film) U.S. Marshals is a 1998 American action crime thriller film directed by Stuart Baird. The storyline was conceived from a screenplay written by Roy Huggins and John Pogue. The film is a spin-off to the 1993 motion picture "The Fugitive", which in turn was based on the 1960s television series of the same name, created by Huggins. The story does not involve the character of Dr. Richard Kimble, portrayed by Harrison Ford in the initial film, but instead the plot centers on United States Deputy Marshal Sam Gerard, once again played by Tommy Lee Jones. The plot follows Gerard and his team as they pursue another fugitive Mark Warren, played by Wesley Snipes, who attempts to escape government officials following an international conspiracy scandal. The cast features Robert Downey, Jr., Joe Pantoliano, Daniel Roebuck, Tom Wood, and LaTanya Richardson, several of whom portrayed Deputy Marshals in the previous film.

neg: The Mighty The Mighty is a 1998 drama film directed by Peter Chelsom and based on the book "Freak the Mighty" by Rodman Philbrick. The film stars Sharon Stone, Gena Rowlands, Gillian Anderson, Harry Dean Stanton, Kieran Culkin, James Gandolfini, and Elden Henson.

neg: We Want a Child! We Want a Child! (Danish: "Vi vil ha' et barn" ) is a 1949 Danish drama film directed by Lau Lauritzen Jr. and Alice O'Fredericks.

neg: List of 1998 box office number-one films in the United Kingdom List of 1998 box office number-one films in the United Kingdom

neg: Mercury Rising Mercury Rising is a 1998 American political action thriller film starring Bruce Willis and Alec Baldwin. Directed by Harold Becker, the movie is based on Ryne Douglas Pearson's 1996 novel originally published as "Simple Simon". Willis plays Art Jeffries, an undercover FBI agent who protects a 9-year-old boy with autism who is targeted by government assassins after he cracks a top secret government code.

neg: Following Following is a 1998 British neo-noir crime drama film written and directed by Christopher Nolan. It tells the story of a young man who follows strangers around the streets of London and is drawn into a criminal underworld when he fails to keep his distance.

neg: Rosie (1998 film) Rosie is a 1998 drama film written and directed by Patrice Toye. It was screened at the 1998 Toronto International Film Festival. It received the André Cavens Award for Best Film given by the Belgian Film Critics Association (UCC). "Rosie" was selected as the Belgian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 71st Academy Awards, but was not nominated.

neg: The Patriot (1998 film) The Patriot is a 1998 American action drama film loosely based on the novel "The Last Canadian" by William C. Heine. The film stars Steven Seagal and is directed by Dean Semler. The plot involves an American patriot who has to foil the plot of a militia to release a deadly virus. It is Seagal's first direct-to-video film.

neg: Simon Birch Simon Birch is a 1998 American comedy-drama film loosely based on "A Prayer for Owen Meany" by John Irving and was directed and written for the screen by Mark Steven Johnson. The film stars Ian Michael Smith, Joseph Mazzello, Jim Carrey, Ashley Judd and Oliver Platt. It omitted much of the latter half of the novel and altered the ending.

neg: Crossmaheart Crossmaheart is a 1998 British drama film directed by Henry Herbert and starring Gerard Rooney, Maria Lennon and Enda Oates. It was based on the novel "Cycle of Violence" by Colin Bateman. It was released as "Dead Man's Girl" on DVD in the USA, but didn't go on general release in the UK.

neg: Child's Play (1972 film) Child's Play is a 1972 American drama-mystery film directed by Sidney Lumet. It stars James Mason and Robert Preston. The screenplay by Leon Prochnik is based on the 1970 play of the same title by Robert Marasco. It was released on DVD and Blu-ray September 4, 2012 by Olive Films.

neg: Quest for Camelot Quest for Camelot (released in the United Kingdom as The Magic Sword: Quest for Camelot) is a 1998 American animated musical fantasy film directed by Frederik Du Chau and based on the novel "The King's Damosel" by Vera Chapman. The film stars Jessalyn Gilsig, Cary Elwes, Jane Seymour, Gary Oldman, Eric Idle, Don Rickles, Pierce Brosnan, Bronson Pinchot, Jaleel White, Gabriel Byrne, and John Gielgud. Céline Dion, Bryan White, Steve Perry, and Andrea Corr perform vocals. The film was released on May 15, 1998, by Warner Bros. Family Entertainment.

neg: The Parent Trap (1998 film) The Parent Trap is a 1998 family comedy film co-written and directed by Nancy Meyers, and produced and co-written by Charles Shyer. It is a remake of the 1961 film of the same name and an adaptation of Erich Kästner's German novel "Lottie and Lisa" ("Das doppelte Lottchen").

neg: Late August, Early September Late August, Early September (French: Fin août, début septembre ) is a 1998 French drama film directed by Olivier Assayas and starring Mathieu Amalric.

neg: Vampires (film) Vampires (also known as John Carpenter's Vampires) is a 1998 American independent horror Western film directed and scored by John Carpenter and starring James Woods. It was adapted from the novel of the same name by John Steakley.

neg: Rear Window (1998 film) Rear Window is a 1998 American made-for-television crime-drama thriller film directed by Jeff Bleckner. The teleplay by Larry Gross and Eric Overmyer is an updated adaptation of the classic 1954 film of the same name directed by Alfred Hitchcock which was based on the short story "It Had to Be Murder" by Cornell Woolrich. It was broadcast in the US by ABC on November 22, 1998. This stars Christopher Reeve (in one of his final screen appearances), Daryl Hannah, and Robert Forster.

neg: Restaurant (1998 film) Restaurant is a 1998 independent film starring Adrien Brody, Elise Neal, David Moscow and Simon Baker. Written by Tom Cudworth and directed by Eric Bross, "Restaurant" was the follow-up to this writing–directing duo's first film, "TenBenny", which also starred Adrien Brody. "Restaurant" premiered at the Los Angeles Independent Film Festival on April 17, 1998, and garnered Adrien Brody an Independent Spirit Award nomination for Best Male Lead. Set in Hoboken, New Jersey, "Restaurant" is a romantic comedy about young waiters with big dreams, but few chances to actually succeed. This is Grammy Award-winning hip hop artist Lauryn Hill's last movie to date.


query: In which year was this Class I railroad formed that was the predecessor of CSX that built the first railroad through Chapman, Lawrence County, Kentucky?

pos: Chapman, Lawrence County, Kentucky Chapman is an unincorporated community located in Lawrence County, Kentucky, United States on the eastern bank of the Levisa Fork River. It is served by KY Route 2037. A high volume railway line, operated by CSX Transportation, extends through its limits and continues in a southerly direction throughout southeastern Kentucky to western Virginia and points south. Although its location is many miles from the nearest industrial employer, the railroad has served the community as a source of employment. The railroad was first built through the community in 1880 by CSX's predecessor, the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway. C&O employees who resided in Chapman caught the train as it passed through on its multiple daily runs where they reported to work. Chapman, Kentucky is named after its first settler and prominent landowner David Chapman (1803–1845), a native of Montgomery, West Virginia. Many of Chapman's descendants still reside in the community at this time. Chapmansville, West Virginia, a city located on U.S. Route 119 about forty miles east of Chapman, was established in 1800 by David Chapman's uncle Ned Chapman, as he was its first postmaster and general store operator. The Chapman surname is an anglicized version of the German name Kaufmann, the German word for merchant. David Chapman's ancestors originally emigrated to North America from Kaufmann, Germany. Chapman is located 10 mi south of Louisa, Kentucky.

pos: Chesapeake and Ohio Railway The Chesapeake and Ohio Railway was a Class I railroad formed in 1869 in Virginia from several smaller Virginia railroads begun in the 19th century. Led by industrialist Collis P. Huntington, it reached from Virginia's capital city of Richmond to the Ohio River by 1873, where the railroad town (and later city) of Huntington, West Virginia was named for him.

neg: Kentucky Dam Kentucky Dam is a hydroelectric dam on the Tennessee River on the county line between Livingston and Marshall counties in the U.S. state of Kentucky. The dam is the lowermost of nine dams on the river owned and operated by the Tennessee Valley Authority, which built the dam in the late 1930s and early 1940s to improve navigation on the lower part of the river and reduce flooding on the lower Ohio and Mississippi rivers. It was a major project initiated during the New Deal of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's administration, to invest in infrastructure to benefit the country. The dam impounds the Kentucky Lake of 160000 acre , which is the largest of TVA's reservoirs and the largest artificial lake by area in the Eastern United States.

neg: Kavanaugh, Kentucky Kavanaugh, Kentucky is an unincorporated community located in Boyd County, Kentucky, located along U.S. Route 23 directly north of the Lawrence County line. In 1984, the original alignment of U.S. 23 was replaced with a modern four-lane highway. CSX Transportation's Big Sandy Subdivision railroad tracks pass through the community. The railroad was formerly operated by the Chessie System and its predecessor the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway Company.

neg: Cambria and Indiana Railroad The Cambria and Indiana Railroad (C&I) (reporting mark CI) is a railway company that is located in the southeastern part of Indiana County, Pennsylvania in the United States. Incorporated in 1904 and built in 1910 with the intention of carrying lumber, coal was discovered in the area soon after its construction, and C&I's fortunes subsequently became closely intertwined with the coal industry.

neg: Russell Subdivision The Russell Subdivision is a railroad line owned by CSX Transportation in the U.S. State of Kentucky. The line runs from Russell, Kentucky to Greenup, Kentucky for a total of 7.5 mi . At its south end the line continues north from the Kanawha Subdivision of the Florence Division and at its north end the line continues north as the Northern Subdivision.

neg: Wiregrass Central Railroad The Wiregrass Central Railroad (reporting mark WGCR) is a shortline railroad operating 19.5 mi of track from a CSX Transportation connection at Waterford, near Newton, to Enterprise, Alabama via the south side of Fort Rucker. The company was initially a subsidiary of Gulf and Ohio Railways and began operations in 1987 following the purchase of the Enterprise Subdivision branch line of CSX Transportation.

neg: Colorado Springs and Interurban Railway The Colorado Springs and Interurban Railway (CS & IRR, CS&IR) was an electric trolley system in the Colorado Springs, Colorado that operated from 1902 to 1932. The company was formed when Winfield Scott Stratton purchased Colorado Springs Rapid Transit Railway in 1901 and consolidated it in 1902 with the Colorado Springs & Suburban Railway Company. It operated in Colorado Springs, its suburbs, and Manitou Springs. One of the street cars from Stratton's first order is listed on the Colorado State Register of Historic Properties.

neg: Porter Subdivision The Porter Subdivision is a railroad line owned by CSX Transportation in the Chicago, Illinois area. Formerly a part of the main line of the Michigan Central Railroad, it now connects CSX's former Baltimore and Ohio Railroad line and the Chicago Fort Wayne and Eastern Railroad from the east with the Indiana Harbor Belt Railroad towards Blue Island, Illinois.

neg: Central Railroad of Indiana Central Railroad Company of Indiana (reporting mark CIND) is a Class III short-line railroad that operates 96 mi of track in Southeastern Indiana and Southwestern Ohio.

neg: Mammoth Cave Railroad Mammoth Cave Railroad ("Dinkey Train") was a short rail line with a small train off the Louisville and Nashville Railroad (L&N) that went to Mammoth Caves in Kentucky. The tiny 9 mi railroad from Glasgow Junction (Park City) to Mammoth Caves was started in 1886 and operated for 45 years. The complete Dinkey Train consisted only of a "dummy" 0-4-2T type steam locomotive and a wooden coach to carry passengers and their luggage. Among the many stops on the way to Mammoth Caves were Diamond Caverns, Grand Avenue Cave, Procter Cave and Hotel, Chaumont Post Office, Union City, Sloan's Crossing, and Ganter's Hotel. The Dinkey Train could obtain speeds of 25–35 miles per hour on the lightweight rails.

neg: Atlantic and Danville Railway The Atlantic and Danville Railway (reporting mark AD) was a Class I railroad which operated in Virginia and North Carolina. The company was founded in 1882 and opened its mainline between Portsmouth, Virginia and Danville, Virginia in 1890. The Southern Railway leased the company from 1899–1949. The Norfolk and Western Railway purchased the company in 1962 and reorganized it as the Norfolk, Franklin and Danville Railway.

neg: Lebanon, Kentucky Lebanon is a home rule-class city in Marion County, Kentucky, in the United States. The population was 6,331 at the 2010 census. It is the seat of its county. Lebanon is located in central Kentucky, southeast of Louisville. A national cemetery is located nearby.

neg: Cincinnati, Indianapolis and Western Railroad The Cincinnati, Indianapolis and Western Railroad (reporting mark CIWN) was established in 1915 as a reorganization of the Cincinnati, Indianapolis and Western Railway, which in turn had been created in 1902 as a merger of the Indiana, Decatur and Western Railway (ID&W) and the Cincinnati, Hamilton and Indianapolis Railroad (CH&I). Predecessors of the ID&W include the Indianapolis, Decatur and Western Railway (1888-1894), the Indianapolis & Wabash Railway (1887-1888), the Indianapolis, Decatur and Springfield Railway (1875-1887), and the Indiana and Illinois Central Railway (1853-1875).

neg: Tennessee Railroad The Tennessee Railroad (reporting mark TENN) was a short line standard gauge (4 ft 8⁄ in) common carrier railroad running from Oneida, Tennessee to Fork Mountain, Tennessee. Reorganized in 1973 by the Southern Railway as the Tennessee Railway, it remains a subsidiary of the Norfolk Southern Corporation.

neg: Owensboro and Nashville Railway The Owensboro and Nashville Railway was a 19th- and early-20th-century railway company in western Kentucky in the United States. It operated from 1881, when it purchased the defunct Owensboro & Nashville and Tennessee & Kentucky railroads, until 1921, when it was purchased by the L&N. Its former rights-of-way currently form parts of the class-I CSX Transportation railway.

neg: Clay, Kentucky Clay is a home rule-class city in Webster County, Kentucky, in the United States. The population was 1,179 at the 2000 census. Settled in 1837, the city is named for the statesman Henry Clay.

neg: Colorado Midland Railway The Colorado Midland Railway (reporting mark CM) , incorporated in 1883, was the first standard gauge railroad built over the Continental Divide in Colorado. It ran from Colorado Springs to Leadville and through the divide at Hagerman Pass to Glenwood Springs and Grand Junction.

neg: Transkentucky Transportation Railroad The Transkentucky Transportation Railroad, Inc. (reporting mark TTIS) is a 50-mile rail transport line purchased from Louisville and Nashville Railroad in 1979 with the goal of transporting coal produced in Eastern Kentucky to the Ohio River. It is a Class III railroad that operates freight service between Paris and Maysville.

neg: Southern Railway – Carolina Division The Southern Railway – Carolina Division traced its history back to one of the first railroad chartered in the United States.

neg: Chapman Township, Clinton County, Pennsylvania Chapman Township is a township in Clinton County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 848 at the 2010 census, down from 993 at the 2000 census. It was originally settled in 1780 and became an official township on February 3, 1819. Originally part of Lycoming County, it was incorporated into the newly formed Clinton County in 1839.

neg: Lexington, Indiana Lexington is an unincorporated community in Lexington Township, Scott County, in the U.S. state of Indiana, located about 10 miles west of the Ohio River and 28 miles north of Louisville, Kentucky. The town itself was founded before Indiana became the 19th state in 1816 and was located in Jefferson County at the time it was platted. It was the original county seat from 1820 to 1874, before local leaders decided on a more central location at nearby Scottsburg, which created animosity between the residents of the two towns for several decades afterwards.


query: Stefano Nava was a backup for which former right-back who now is the assistant coach for the Ukrainian national team?

pos: Stefano Nava Stefano Nava (born 19 February 1969 in Milan) is an Italian former footballer, who played as a defender. He is best known for having played for A.C. Milan in the early 1990s, where he was a backup for players such as Franco Baresi, Paolo Maldini, Mauro Tassotti and Alessandro Costacurta.

pos: Mauro Tassotti Mauro Tassotti (] ; born in Rome, 19 January 1960) is an Italian manager and former footballer who played predominantly as a right-back. He currently serves as an assistant coach for the Ukraine national football team. After making his Serie A debut with Lazio, he went on to play with A.C. Milan for 17 years. He won 17 major titles with the club, namely five Serie A championships and three UEFA Champions League tournaments, reaching five finals in total. He is mostly remembered for his role alongside Paolo Maldini, Franco Baresi, Alessandro Costacurta, Filippo Galli, and Christian Panucci in the Milan backline under Arrigo Sacchi and Fabio Capello, forming what is considered by many in the sport to be one of the greatest defensive lineups of all time.

neg: Stefano Barba Stefano Barba (born Rome, 10 January 1964) is a former Italian rugby union player and a current coach. He played as a centre.

neg: Oleksandr Shovkovskiy Oleksandr Volodymyrovych Shovkovskiy (Ukrainian: Олександр Володимирович Шовковський ; born 2 January 1975) is a retired Ukrainian footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He played for Dynamo Kyiv in the Vyscha Liha, the top level of Ukrainian football, from 1993 to 2016.

neg: Pavle Ninkov Pavle Ninkov (Serbian Cyrillic: Павле Нинков, born 20 April 1985 in Belgrade) is a Serbian football right back who plays for Ligue 1 side Toulouse FC. In international competition Ninkov has represented Serbia.

neg: Serhiy Zadorozhnyi Serhiy Zadorozhnyi (Ukrainian: "Сергій Михайлович Задорожний" , born 20 February 1976 in Novoazovsk, Donetsk Oblast) is a former Ukrainian footballer who currently coaches FC Nyva Ternopil.

neg: Ravil Aryapov Ravil Velimukhamedovich Aryapov (Russian: Равиль Велимухамедович Аряпов ; born February 1, 1948 in Stavropol, now Tolyatti) is a Russian professional football coach and a former player. As of July 2009, he is an assistant coach with the reserve team of FC Krylia Sovetov Samara.

neg: Serhiy Vasylyovych Shevchenko Serhiy Vasylyovych Shevchenko (Ukrainian: Сергій Васильович Шевченко ; born 4 March 1958) is a former Soviet striker and a Ukrainian coach.

neg: Viktor Prokopenko Viktor Prokopenko (Ukrainian: Віктор Прокопенко ) (24 October 1944 – 18 August 2007) was a football (soccer) player and coach who played in GDR and Ukrainian SSR and later worked as a coach in Russia and Ukraine.

neg: Andrei Finonchenko Andrei Finonchenko (Russian: Андрей Финонченко; born 21 June 1982) is a Kazakh football coach and former footballer striker who spent his whole career with FC Shakhter Karagandy, as well as representing the Kazakhstan national football team. He is currently the assistant manager of Shakhter Karagandy.

neg: Georgi Sheytanov Georgi Sheytanov (Bulgarian: Георги Шейтанов ; born 24 November 1972) is a former Bulgarian footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He is currently employed as a goalkeepers' coach in Levski Sofia.

neg: Anton Idzkovsky Anton Leonardovych Idzkovsky (Ukrainian: Антон Леонардович Ідзковський ), is a former Soviet player, goalkeeper, football administrator for the Football Federation of the Ukrainian SSR. He is honored as the Distinguished Master of Sports (1945) and the Distinguished Coach of Ukraine (1961).

neg: Valeriy Yaremchenko Valeriy Yaremchenko (born August 15, 1947) is a Ukrainian coach and a former footballer.

neg: Arsen Balayan Arsen Aleksandrovich Balayan (Russian: Арсен Александрович Балаян ; born 29 April 1972) is a Russian football manager and a former player. He is an assistant coach with FC Khimik Novomoskovsk.

neg: Javier Olaizola Javier Olaizola Rodríguez (born 28 November 1969) is a Spanish retired footballer who played mostly as a right back, and a current manager.

neg: Paolo Vanoli Paolo Vanoli (born 12 August 1972 in Varese, Italy) is an Italian former footballer who played as a left back. He currently serves as an assistant coach for Chelsea F.C.

neg: Cristian García Ramos Cristian García Ramos (born 21 December 1981 in Terrassa, Barcelona, Catalonia), known simply as Cristian, is a former Spanish professional footballer who played as a right back, and is the current manager of Terrassa FC.

neg: Anatoliy Buznik Anatoliy Buznik (Ukrainian: Анатолій Іванович Бузнік ; born 21 May 1961 in Mykolaiv, Ukrainian SSR) is a Ukrainian professional football coach and a former player.

neg: Josip Šimunić Josip Šimunić (] ; born 18 February 1978) is a Croatian former footballer and current assistant coach of Croatia national team.

neg: Serhiy Diryavka Serhiy Heorhiyovych Diryavka (Ukrainian: Сергій Георгійович Дірявка ; Russian: Серге́й Георгиевич Дирявка ; born 18 April 1971 in Dnipropetrovsk) is a Ukrainian professional soccer coach and a former player.

neg: Volodymyr Lyutyi Volodymyr Ivanovych Lyutyi (Ukrainian: Володимир Іванович Лютий ; born 20 April 1962 in Dnipropetrovsk) is a football coach and a former player from Ukraine.

neg: Darren Bazeley Darren Shaun Bazeley (born 5 October 1972 in Northampton, England) is an English football manager and former player. He played as either a right full back or right-sided midfielder. He is currently the assistant coach of New Zealand national football team, and also the head coach of the New Zealand U-20 national team.


query: Belle Gold is a fictional character portrayed by an actress born in which year ?

pos: Belle (Once Upon a Time) Belle Gold (née French), briefly known as Lacey, is a fictional character in ABC's television series "Once Upon a Time". She is portrayed by Emilie de Ravin, who became a series regular in the second season and onwards after making recurring appearances in the first season, and has become a fan favorite since her debut. She is both based on the character from "Beauty and the Beast" by Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont, and the Disney princess of the 1991 film of the same name.

pos: Emilie de Ravin Emilie de Ravin ( ; born 27 December 1981) is an Australian actress. She has played Tess Harding on "Roswell" and Claire Littleton on the ABC drama "Lost". In 2012 she guest-starred as Belle French on the ABC drama "Once Upon a Time" and became a series regular beginning with season two.

neg: Saxon Trainor Eileen Cecile "Saxon" Trainor (born December 31, 1969) is an American actress and acting coach.

neg: Debbie Gravitte Debbie Shapiro Gravitte (born September 29, 1954) is an American actress and singer.

neg: Lisa Kudrow Lisa Valerie Kudrow ( ; born July 30, 1963) is an American actress, comedian, writer, and producer. She gained worldwide recognition for her ten-season run as Phoebe Buffay on the NBC television sitcom "Friends", for which she received many accolades, including six Primetime Emmy Award nominations, winning once in 1998, and twelve Screen Actors Guild Award nominations, winning in 1996 and 2000.

neg: Cassandra Trotter Cassandra Louise Trotter (née Parry; born 16 June 1966) is a fictional character from the British sitcom "Only Fools and Horses". She was portrayed by Gwyneth Strong.

neg: Lisa Gaye Leslie Gaye Griffin (March 6, 1935 – July 14, 2016), better known as Lisa Gaye, was an American actress, singer, and dancer.

neg: Diana Barrymore Diana Blanche Barrymore Blythe (March 3, 1921 – January 25, 1960), known professionally as Diana Barrymore, was an American film and stage actress.

neg: Jennifer Runyon Jennifer Victoria Runyon (born April 1, 1960 in Chicago, Illinois) is an American actress.

neg: Lisa Peluso Lisa Peluso (born July 29, 1964) is an American soap opera actress.

neg: Dorothy Green (actress) Dorothy Green (born Dorothy Jeanette Hufford; January 12, 1920 — May 8, 2008) was an American stage, film, and television actress. Her career spanned more than four decades, with her work principally being in supporting roles on many popular television series from the early 1950s into the 1980s.

neg: Melendy Britt Melendy Britt (born October 31, 1943) is an American actress who has been active in television and voice acting since the 1970s. Her most notable animated work is for Filmation, voicing characters such as She-Ra, and the second animated Batgirl (Jane Webb was the first). She also provided the voice for Penny, would-be love interest and aide to Plasticman on "The Plastic Man Comedy/Adventure Show", which was produced Ruby-Spears. She was also the voice for Gran Gran in the cartoon series "".

neg: Patty Weaver Patty Weaver (born September 23, 1955) is an American actress who played the role of Gina Roma on "The Young and the Restless" on a contract basis from 1982 until August 2005, when she was dropped to recurring status, and she last appeared in 2013.

neg: Jessica Lange Jessica Phyllis Lange ( ; born April 20, 1949) is an American actress who has received worldwide acclaim for her work in film, theater, and television. The recipient of several awards, including two Academy Awards, one Tony Award, three Emmy Awards, five Golden Globe Awards, one Screen Actors Guild Award, and three Dorian Awards; in 1998, "Entertainment Weekly" listed Lange among the 25 Greatest Actresses of the 1990s. In 2016, Lange became the twenty-second thespian in history to achieve the Triple Crown of Acting.

neg: Lisa Darr Lisa Darr (born April 21, 1963) is an American actress.

neg: Lisa Loring Lisa Loring (born Lisa Ann DeCinces on February 16, 1958) is an American actress. She is best known for having played Wednesday Addams on the 1964–66 sitcom "The Addams Family".

neg: Lindsay Bloom Lindsay Diane Bloom (born August 28, 1950) is an American actress and former beauty-pageant contestant.

neg: Judith Baldwin Judith Lee Baldwin (born March 26, 1946) is an American film and television actress who replaced Tina Louise in the role of Ginger Grant in "Rescue from Gilligan's Island" (1978) and "The Castaways on Gilligan's Island" (1979). A life member of the Actors Studio, Baldwin amassed 46 screen credits between 1969 and her leading role in 2005's "Every Secret Thing".

neg: Norma West Norma West (born 19 November 1943) is a British actress,

neg: Gretchen Egolf Gretchen Egolf (born 9 September 1973) is an American theater, film and television actress.

neg: Peg Murray Margaret L. "Peg" Murray (born February 14, 1924) is an American actress of stage, musical theatre and television.

neg: Karley Scott Collins Karley Scott Collins (born December 14, 1999) is an American actress and voice actress. She is perhaps best known for her recurring role as Oprah Pearl on the CBS sitcom "The Class", which aired from 2006 to 2007. Collins has also provided the voice of Gisela in "Open Season 3" (2010).


query: In what city is the university whose Department of Computer Sciences had James L. Fastook located?

pos: Fastook Glacier Fastook Glacier ( ) is a southern tributary to Mulock Glacier about 20 nmi long and 5 nmi wide. It heads on the north side of Longhurst Plateau in the Cook Mountains and flows north between Butcher Ridge and the Finger Ridges. It was named after James L. Fastook of the Department of Computer Sciences and the Institute for Quaternary Studies at the University of Maine, a United States Antarctic Program investigator of ice streams, ice shelves, and ice sheets over a 20-year period beginning about 1978.

pos: University of Maine The University of Maine (also referred to as UMaine, Maine or UMO) is a public research university in Orono, Maine, United States. The university was established in 1865 as a land grant college and is the flagship university of the University of Maine System. The University of Maine is one of only nine land, sea and space grant institutions in the nation.

neg: California State University, Northridge California State University, Northridge (also known as CSUN) is a public university in the Northridge neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, United States, in the San Fernando Valley. With a total enrollment of 41,548 (as of Fall 2015) it has the largest student body of the 23-campus California State University system, and is one of the largest comprehensive universities in the State of California (behind UCLA) in terms of enrollment. As of Fall 2014, the school had 2,096 faculty, of which between 745 and 784 (or about 40%) were on the tenure track.

neg: California State University, Fullerton California State University, Fullerton (also known as CSUF or Cal State Fullerton) is a public research university located in Fullerton, California. With a total enrollment of about 40,200 it has the largest student body out of the 23-campus California State University ("CSU") system, and its approximately 5,800 graduate student body is also the largest in the CSU and one of the largest in all of California. As of Fall 2013, the school had 1,932 faculty, of which 707 (36.6%) were on the tenure track.

neg: Worcester State University Worcester State University is an American liberal arts and sciences university located in Worcester, Massachusetts.

neg: Southern Illinois University Southern Illinois University is a state university system based in Carbondale, Illinois, United States, in the southern region of the state, with multiple campuses. Randy Dunn is President of Southern Illinois University.

neg: Santa Clara University School of Law The Santa Clara University School of Law (Santa Clara Law) is the law school of Santa Clara University, a Jesuit university in Santa Clara, California, United States, in the Silicon Valley region. The School of Law was founded in 1911. The Jesuit affiliation of the university is manifested in a concern with ethics, social justice, and community service.

neg: Chicago State University Chicago State University (CSU) is a state university of the U.S. state of Illinois, located in Chicago. The University is a member-school of Thurgood Marshall College Fund.

neg: Queens University of Charlotte Queens University of Charlotte is a private, co-educational, comprehensive university located in Charlotte, North Carolina, United States. The school has approximately 2,300 undergraduate and graduate students through the College of Arts and Sciences, the McColl School of Business, the Wayland H. Cato, Jr. School of Education, the James L. Knight School of Communication, Hayworth School of Graduate and Continuing Studies and the Andrew Blair College of Health, which features the Presbyterian School of Nursing. Established in 1857, the university offers 34 undergraduate majors and 66 concentrations, and 10 graduate programs.

neg: Bill Roscoe Andrew William "Bill" Roscoe is a Scottish computer scientist. He was Head of the Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford from 2003 to 2014, and is a Professor of Computer Science. He is also a Fellow of University College, Oxford.

neg: UBC Department of Computer Science The UBC Computer Science department at the University of British Columbia was established in May 1968 and is the top computer science department in Canada. UBC CS is located in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

neg: James Madison University James Madison University (also known as JMU, Madison, or James Madison) is a public coeducational research university located in Harrisonburg, Virginia, United States. Founded in 1908 as the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg, the institution was renamed Madison College in 1938 in honor of President James Madison and then James Madison University in 1977. The university is situated in the Shenandoah Valley, with the campus quadrangle located on South Main Street.

neg: Cornell University Center for Advanced Computing The Cornell University Center for Advanced Computing (CAC), housed at Frank H.T. Rhodes Hall on the campus of Cornell University, is one of five original centers in the National Science Foundation's Supercomputer Centers Program. It was formerly called the Cornell Theory Center.

neg: Youngstown State University Youngstown State University (YSU), founded in 1908, is an urban research university located in Youngstown, Ohio, United States. As of fall 2010, there were 15,194 students and a student-faculty ratio of 19:1. The fall 2010 enrollment figure is the highest since 1990, when the number of students on campus was 15,454. Records show that 11,803 of the students are undergraduates. Beyond its current student body, YSU claims more than 94,000 alumni.

neg: University of Michigan–Dearborn The University of Michigan–Dearborn (commonly referred to as UM-Dearborn or UM-D) is a public university located in Dearborn, Michigan, United States. It is one of the two regional campuses of the University of Michigan operating under the policies of the Board of Regents. The University of Michigan in Ann Arbor is located 35 miles to the west; the other regional campus is in Flint.

neg: University of Toronto Faculty of Information The Faculty of Information (or the iSchool at the University of Toronto) is a graduate school that offers the following programs: a Master of Information (MI), a Master of Museum Studies (MMSt), and a PhD in Information Studies, as well as diploma courses. As a member of the "iSchool movement", the Faculty of Information takes an interdisciplinary approach to information studies, building on its traditional strengths in library and information science, complemented by research and teaching in archives, museum studies, information systems and design, critical information studies, culture and technology, knowledge management, digital humanities, the history of books, and other related fields. It is located on St. George Campus, in the Claude Bissell building, at 140 St. George Street, which is attached to the John P. Robarts Research Library and the Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library.

neg: Oxford Internet Institute The Oxford Internet Institute (OII) is a multi-disciplinary department of social and computer science dedicated to the study of information, communication, and technology, and is part of the University of Oxford, England. It is housed over three sites on St Giles in Oxford, including a primary site at 1 St Giles, owned by Balliol College. The department undertakes research and teaching devoted to understanding life online, with the aim of shaping Internet research, policy, and practice.

neg: Iowa State University Iowa State University of Science and Technology, generally referred to as Iowa State, is a public flagship land-grant and space-grant research university located in Ames, Iowa, United States. It is the largest university in the state of Iowa and the 3rd largest university in the Big 12 athletic conference. Iowa State is classified as a Research University with very high research activity (RU/VH) by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. Iowa State is also a member of the Association of American Universities (AAU), which consists of 62 leading research universities in North America. Iowa State has also been designated an "Innovation and Economic Prosperity University," a designation awarded to only 54 public universities in the U.S.

neg: University of Lethbridge The University of Lethbridge (also known as uLethbridge, uLeth, and U of L) is a publicly funded comprehensive academic and research university, founded in the liberal education tradition, located in Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada, with a second campus in the City of Calgary. The main building, University Hall, sits among the coulees on the west side of the Oldman River.

neg: University of Fairfax The University of Fairfax is an institution of higher education headquartered in Vienna, Virginia. It offers online cybersecurity graduate degrees (Master of Science, Doctor of Science, and Doctor of Information Assurance), as well as graduate certificates in Information Systems. The entire program is provided via instructor led conference calls and online instruction.

neg: Washington University in St. Louis Washington University in St. Louis (also referred to as WashU, or WUSTL) is a private research university located in the St. Louis metropolitan area and in Missouri, United States. Founded in 1853, and named after George Washington, the university has students and faculty from all 50 U.S. states and more than 120 countries. Twenty-five Nobel laureates have been affiliated with Washington University, nine having done the major part of their pioneering research at the university. Washington University's undergraduate program is ranked 18th by "U.S. News & World Report" in 2018 and 11th by the Wall Street Journal in their 2018 rankings. The university is ranked 20th in the world in 2017 by the Academic Ranking of World Universities.

neg: Missouri University of Science and Technology Missouri University of Science and Technology, commonly Missouri S&T and formerly known as the University of Missouri–Rolla and originally Missouri School of Mines and Metallurgy, is a public space grant university located in Rolla, Missouri, United States and a member institution of the University of Missouri System. Most of its 8,838 students (Fall 2016) study engineering, business, sciences, and mathematics. Known primarily for its engineering school, Missouri S&T offers degree programs in business and management systems, information science and technology, sciences, social sciences, humanities, and arts.


query: While the Thelypteris is a genus of ferns, what is the genus of Cobaea?

pos: Thelypteris Thelypteris (maiden ferns) is a genus of ferns in the family Thelypteridaceae, order Polypodiales. If the genus is defined fairly broadly, it contains 875 species, many of which are extremely similar to one another, and is found nearly worldwide. The ferns are terrestrial, with the exception of a few which are lithophytes (grow on rocks). The bulk of the species are tropical, although there are a number of temperate species.

pos: Cobaea Cobaea is a genus of flowering plants including about 20 species of rapid growing, ornamental climbers native to Mexico. The botanical name honors Father Bernabé Cobo, Spanish Jesuit of the seventeenth century, naturalist, and resident of America for many years. The woody stems can reach 20 ft . Leaves are alternate lobed with opposite pairs and tendrils. In late summer to early spring, the large, bell-shaped flowers are borne profusely and singly along the stems with bright green, violet, or purple in colors. The plants can become invasive in some areas, and are common weeds in New Zealand.

neg: Acystopteris Acystopteris is a genus of ferns in the family Cystopteridaceae.

neg: Calochlaena Calochlaena is a genus of ferns within the Dicksoniaceae family. Although these ground ferns resemble bracken, they are only distantly related. Five species are known from Melanesia, Polynesia and eastern Australia. "Calochlaena dubia", is a common fern of the east coast of Australia. The name is derived from the Ancient Greek "kalos" "beautiful" and "chlaina" "cloak", and refers to the soft hairs on the species.

neg: Dawsonia (plant) Dawsonia is a genus of acrocarpous mosses. "Dawsonia", along with other members of the order Polytrichales, are taller than most mosses and have thicker leaves. Their sporophytes have conducting systems analogous to those of vascular plants. "Dawsonia superba" is found in New Zealand, Australia and New Guinea. "Dawsonia longifolia" is found in the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Australia. "Dawsonia superba" and "Dawsonia longifolia" may be the same species.

neg: Grammitidoideae Grammitidoideae is a subfamily of the fern family Polypodiaceae, whose members are informally known as grammitids. It comprises a clade of about 750 species. They are distributed over higher elevations in both the Old and New World. This group was previously treated as a separate family, Grammitidaceae until molecular phylogenies showed it to be nested within the Polypodiaceae. It has since been treated as an unranked clade within subfamily Polypodioideae (renamed tribe Polypodieae in one classification), and, most recently, as a separate subfamily (reducing Polypodioideae to an evolutionary grade).

neg: Cobaea scandens Cobaea scandens (cup-and-saucer vine, cathedral bells, Mexican ivy, monastery bells) is a species of flowering perennial plant of the Polemoniaceae family, native to the tropical Americas.

neg: Cossoidea Cossoidea is the superfamily of moths that includes carpenter moths and relatives. Like their likely sister group Sesioidea they are internal feeders and have spiny pupae with moveable segments to allow them to extrude out of their exit holes in stems and trunks during emergence of the adult (Edwards "et al.", 1999).

neg: Collybiopsis Collybiopsis is a genus of fungus in the Marasmiaceae family of mushrooms.

neg: Cystopteris Cystopteris is a genus of ferns in the family Cystopteridaceae. These are known generally as bladderferns or fragile ferns. They are found in temperate areas worldwide. This is a very diverse genus and within a species individuals can look quite different, especially in harsh environments where they experience stress and remain small and stunted. Also, they hybridize easily with each other. Identifying an individual can be challenging. In general these are rhizomatous perennials which may grow in rocky areas or in soil. Their leaves are multiply pinnate, in that each leaflet is divided into smaller parts. The sori are usually rounded and are covered in an inflated bladder-like indusium.

neg: Ceratopteris richardii Ceratopteris richardii is a fern species belonging to the genus Ceratopteris, one of only two genera of the "Ceratopteridoideae" subfamily of the Pteridaceae. It is one of several genera of ferns adapted to an aquatic existence. "C. richardii" was previously regarded as being part of the species "Ceratopteris thalictroides". This particular species is of special scientific interest because a patented strain has been developed as a scientific aid and teaching tool in biology, called "C-fern."

neg: Thelypteris correllii Thelypteris correllii is a species of fern in the Thelypteridaceae family. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

neg: Geoffroea Geoffroea is a rather small genus of wild spiny shrubs or small trees of tropical and subtropical South America. Although it gathers few species, they are highly extended geographically throughout the subcontinent. Each species is well known in its local area, as seen from the varied (and mostly domestic) usage of these trees as food, timber, or fuel. It was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic "Pterocarpus" clade within the Dalbergieae.

neg: Woodwardia Woodwardia (chain fern) is a genus of 14 to 20 species of ferns in the family Blechnaceae, in the eupolypods II clade of the order Polypodiales, in the class Polypodiopsida. It is native to warm temperate and subtropical regions of the Northern Hemisphere. They are large ferns, with fronds growing to 50–300 cm long depending on the species.

neg: Alosternida Alosternida chalybaea is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, the only species in the genus Alosternida.

neg: Thelymitrinae Thelymitrinae is an orchid subtribe in the tribe Diurideae.

neg: Thelypteris chimboracensis Thelypteris chimboracensis is a species of fern in the Thelypteridaceae family. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

neg: Hyperbaena Hyperbaena is a genus of plants in family Menispermaceae.

neg: Lycopodiaceae The Lycopodiaceae (class Lycopodiopsida, order Lycopodiales) are a family of vascular plants, including all of the core clubmosses, comprising 16 accepted genera and ca 400 known species. These plants bear spores on specialized structures at the apex of a shoot; they resemble a tiny battle club, from which the common name derives. They are non-flowering and do not produce seeds.

neg: Cyrtomium Cyrtomium is a genus of about 15-20 species of ferns in the family Dryopteridaceae, native to Asia, Africa (including Madagascar), and the Pacific Ocean islands (Hawaii). It is very closely related to the genus "Polystichum", with recent research suggesting it should be included within it (Little & Barrington).

neg: Pteridoideae Pteridoideae is one of the five subfamilies of the Pteridaceae family of ferns. This subfamily contains about 14 genera and around 400 species. The following diagram, shows a likely phylogenic relationship between Pteridoideae and the other the Pteridaceae subfamilies.

neg: Ophioglossum Ophioglossum, the adder's-tongue ferns, is a genus of about 25–30 species of ferns in the family Ophioglossaceae, of the order Ophioglossales. The name "Ophioglossum" comes from the Greek, and means "snake-tongue".


query: What is the name of the 1956 French film directed by Robert Bresson, based on the memoirs of Andre Devigny and which starred Francois Leterrier in his debut role?

pos: François Leterrier François Leterrier, born 26 May 1929 in Margny-lès-Compiègne, is a French film director and actor. He entered the film industry when he was cast in Robert Bresson's film "A Man Escaped". After this he went on to become a director himself.

pos: A Man Escaped A Man Escaped or: The Wind Bloweth Where It Listeth (French: "Un condamné à mort s'est échappé ou Le vent souffle où il veut" ) is a 1956 French film directed by Robert Bresson. It is based on the memoirs of André Devigny, a member of the French Resistance held in Montluc prison by the occupying Germans during World War II. The protagonist of the film is called Fontaine. The second part of the title comes from the Bible ( ) using the words of the Authorized King James Version (more recent translations use words like "wants" (which is the title in French) or "pleases" instead of "listeth"). Bresson himself was imprisoned by the Germans as a member of the French Resistance.

neg: The Red Head (1952 film) The Red Head (French: Poil de carotte) is a 1952 French drama film directed by Paul Mesnier and starring Raymond Souplex, Germaine Dermoz and Pierre Larquey. It is based on the novel "Poil de carotte" by Jules Renard which had previously adapted into films twice by Julien Duvivier before the Second World War.

neg: Return to Life Return to Life (French: "Retour à la vie" ) is a 1949 French drama film directed by Georges Lampin, André Cayatte, Henri-Georges Clouzot and Jean Dréville. It was entered into the 1949 Cannes Film Festival.

neg: The Call of Silence The Call of Silence, also screened as The Call (French:L'Appel du Silence), is a 1936 French drama film directed by Léon Poirier and starring Jean Yonnel, Pierre de Guingand and Jacqueline Francell. It is a biography based on the life of the Catholic missionary Charles de Foucauld.

neg: Le Amiche Le Amiche (English: "The Girlfriends" ) is a 1955 Italian black-and-white drama film directed by Michelangelo Antonioni and starring Eleonora Rossi Drago, Gabriele Ferzetti, Franco Fabrizi, and Valentina Cortese. Adapted from Cesare Pavese's novel "Tra donne sole" (1949), the film is about a young woman who returns to her native Turin to set up a new fashion salon and becomes involved with a troubled woman and her three wealthy women friends. The film was shot on location in Turin, Piedmont, Italy. "Le Amiche" received the Venice Film Festival's Silver Lion award in 1955, and the Italian National Syndicate of Film Journalists Silver Ribbon Award for Best Director (Michelangelo Antonioni) and Best Supporting Actress (Valentina Cortese).

neg: A Matter of Resistance A Matter of Resistance (French: La Vie de château ) is a 1965 French romantic comedy film co-written and directed by Jean-Paul Rappeneau, and starring Catherine Deneuve, Pierre Brasseur, Philippe Noiret and Henri Garcin. It received the Louis Delluc Prize in 1965.

neg: The Captain (1946 film) The Captain (French: Le capitan) is a 1946 French historical adventure film directed by Robert Vernay and starring Pierre Renoir, Claude Génia and Jean Pâqui. It was based on a novel by Michel Zévaco. The film's sets were designed by René Renoux. It is a swashbuckler set in the reign of Louis XIII.

neg: Tiger in the Smoke Tiger in the Smoke is a 1956 British crime film directed by Roy Ward Baker (billed as Roy Baker) and starring Donald Sinden, Muriel Pavlow, Tony Wright, Bernard Miles and Christopher Rhodes. It is based on the 1952 novel "The Tiger in the Smoke" by Margery Allingham, although the film omits the principal character of Albert Campion. The film is set in a noirish smog-shrouded London and Brittany, France and combines the genres of mystery, thriller, crime and drama. The cinematography was by Geoffrey Unsworth.

neg: Pickpocket (film) Pickpocket is a 1959 French film directed by Robert Bresson, generally believed to have been inspired by the novel "Crime and Punishment" by Fyodor Dostoevsky. It stars the young Uruguayan Martin LaSalle, who was a nonprofessional actor at the time, in the title role, with Marika Green as the ingénue. It was the first film for which Bresson wrote an original screenplay rather than "adapting it from an existing text."

neg: Speaking of Murder Speaking of Murder is a 1957 French crime film directed by Gilles Grangier and starring Jean Gabin. The original French title is Le rouge est mis, which means "the red light is on". The screenplay is based on a novel by Auguste Le Breton.

neg: Le temps perdu "Le temps perdu" (] , "Lost time") was the first French entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1956 (that Contest being unique for allowing two songs per country), performed in French by Mathé Altéry.

neg: La Sorcière (film) La Sorcière is a 1956 drama film directed by André Michel based on a screenplay by Paul Andréota and Jacques Companéez. Adapted from the Alexander Kuprin novel "Olesya". At the 6th Berlin International Film Festival it won the Silver Bear award for an Outstanding Artistic Contribution.

neg: Jean-Pierre Marielle Jean-Pierre Marielle (born 12 April 1932) is a French actor. He has played in more than a hundred films in which he brought life to a very large diversity of roles, from the banal citizen ("Les Galettes de Pont-Aven"), to the serial killer ("Sans mobile apparent"), to the World War II hero ("Les Milles"), to the compromised spy (""), to the has-been actor ("Les Grands Ducs"), to his portrayal of Jacques Saunière in ("The Da Vinci Code (film) ", acting always with the same excellence whatever the quality of the movie in itself. He is well known for his outspokenness and especially for his warm and cavernous voice which is often imitated by French humorists considering him as the archetype of the French gentleman.

neg: Doctor Laennec Doctor Laennec (French: Docteur Laennec) is a 1949 French historical drama film directed by Maurice Cloche and starring  Pierre Blanchar, Saturnin Fabre and Mireille Perrey. It portrays the work of René Laennec, the inventor of the stethoscope.

neg: Le Silence de la mer (1949 film) Le Silence de la mer (English: "The Silence of the Sea" ) is a 1949 film by Jean-Pierre Melville. It was Melville's first feature film, and was based on the 1942 book of the same name by Jean Bruller (published clandestinely under the pen name "Vercors"). The story, which takes place in 1941, concerns the relationship of a Frenchman (Jean-Marie Robain) and his niece (Nicole Stéphane) with a German lieutenant, Werner von Ebrennac (Howard Vernon), who occupies their house during the German occupation of France. The film was actually shot inside Bruller's own home outside of Paris.

neg: Beauty and the Beast (1946 film) Beauty and the Beast (French: La Belle et la Bête ) is a 1946 French romantic fantasy film directed by French poet and filmmaker Jean Cocteau. Starring Josette Day as Belle and Jean Marais as the Beast, it is an adaptation of the 1757 story "Beauty and the Beast", written by Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont and published as part of a fairy tale anthology.

neg: List of French films of 1956 A list of films produced in France in 1956.

neg: The Opportunists (1960 film) The Opportunists (French: "Les arrivistes", German: "Trübe Wasser") is a 1960 French-East German drama film directed by Louis Daquin and starring Madeleine Robinson, Jean-Claude Pascal and Clara Gansard. It was a co-production between Pathé and DEFA. The source material is Honoré de Balzac's novel "La Rabouilleuse".

neg: My Seven Little Sins My Seven Little Sins (French: "J'avais sept filles" , Italian: "I sette peccati di papà" ), released in UK as I Had Seven Daughters, is a 1954 French-Italian comedy film co-written and directed by Jean Boyer and starring Maurice Chevalier and Delia Scala. It is based on a comedy play of Aldo De Benedetti, previously adapted by Nunzio Malasomma in the film "We Were Seven Sisters".

neg: Diary of a Country Priest Diary of a Country Priest (French: "Journal d'un curé de campagne" ) is a 1951 French film written and directed by Robert Bresson, and starring Claude Laydu. It was closely based on the novel of the same name by Georges Bernanos. Published in 1936, the novel received the Grand prix du roman de l'Académie française. It tells the story of a young, sickly priest, who has been assigned to his first parish, a village in northern France.

neg: L'Épervier L'Épervier (English: The Sparrowhawk ), is a French drama film from 1933, directed and written by Marcel L'Herbier, starring Charles Boyer and Jean Marais. The film was based on a play by Francis de Croisset. It is also known under the title "Les amoureux" (alternative title).


query: The film "Serena" stars Bradley Cooper and Jennifer Lawrence is based on the 2008 novel by the same name by which author?

pos: Serena (novel) Serena is a 2008 novel by Ron Rash. Set in 1930s North Carolina, the novel tells the story of newlywed couple Serena and George Pemberton and their timber business. It was listed as #34 on the New York Times Bestseller list for Hardcover Fiction in the November 2, 2008, issue of "The New York Times Book Review". It has been adapted into a film by the same name starring Bradley Cooper and Jennifer Lawrence. The film was released in October 2014.

pos: Jennifer Lawrence Jennifer Shrader Lawrence (born August 15, 1990) is an American actress. Her films have grossed over $5.5 billion worldwide, and she was the highest-paid actress in the world in 2015 and 2016. She appeared in "Time"'s 100 most influential people in the world in 2013 and in the "Forbes" Celebrity 100 in 2014 and 2016.

neg: The Boxer and the Spy The Boxer and the Spy (2008) is a crime novel for young adults by American author Robert B. Parker.

neg: Catching Fire Catching Fire is a 2009 science fiction young adult novel by the American novelist Suzanne Collins, the second book in "The Hunger Games trilogy". As the sequel to the 2008 bestseller "The Hunger Games", it continues the story of Katniss Everdeen and the post-apocalyptic nation of Panem. Following the events of the previous novel, a rebellion against the oppressive Capitol has begun, and Katniss and fellow tribute Peeta Mellark are forced to return to the arena in a special edition of the Hunger Games.

neg: The Butterfly Tattoo (film) The Butterfly Tattoo is a 2008 feature film, based on the Philip Pullman novel "The White Mercedes" (also released as "The Butterfly Tattoo"). The film is particularly notable given that despite being a commercial production it actively sought to provide training and experience for young film-makers. The film also used a novel method of financing its production, by selling shares to members of the public.

neg: A Most Wanted Man A Most Wanted Man is a thriller/espionage novel by John le Carré published in September 2008 by Hodder & Stoughton in the United Kingdom and in October 2008 by Scribner in the United States.

neg: Just Henry Just Henry is a 2011 television film based on the 2008 Costa Book Award novel, "Just Henry" by Michelle Magorian.

neg: In the Woods In the Woods is a 2007 mystery novel by Tana French about a pair of Irish detectives and their investigation of the murder of a twelve-year-old girl. The novel won several awards such as the 2008 Edgar Award for Best First Novel by an American Author, the 2008 Barry Award for Best First Novel, the 2008 Macavity Award for Best First Mystery Novel, and the 2008 Anthony Award for Best First Novel.

neg: Promise Not to Tell Promise Not to Tell is a 2007 mystery novel with supernatural elements written by Vermont author Jennifer McMahon. The book was released in April 2007 in the US by Harper Paperbacks (an imprint of HarperCollins). It was released in Germany by Rowohlt Verlag, under the title "Das Madchen Im Wald" (The Girl in the Woods), in October 2007. It was released in the United Kingdom by Orion Books in 2008.

neg: Skeletons at the Feast Skeletons at the Feast is a novel by author Chris Bohjalian, published in 2008. It is the story of a journey in the waning months of World War II concerning the Emmerich family, who flee their beloved home in Prussia and move west to avoid the advancing Russian troops. The family consists of one of the novel's main protagonists, Anna; her mother, known affectionately as "Mutti"; her father, Rolf; her twin brother, Helmut; her younger brother, Theo; and the Scottish POW that once worked on the family's farm, Callum Finella, who becomes Anna's lover. Anna also has an older brother, Werner, who is off fighting in the war. Rolf and Helmut leave the family to aid in stopping the Russian advance and the rest continue on alone; on their westward journey they are joined by Uri Singer, an escaped Jew posing as a Nazi officer. Bohjalian said in an interview he was inspired to write the story after being persuaded to read a diary spanning from 1920 to 1945 belonging to Eva Henatsch, a German woman that embarked on a similar journey west across the Third Reich.

neg: Mira, Mirror Mira, Mirror is a young adult fantasy novel written by Mette Ivie Harrison. The novel was first published in 2004. The story of the novel is told from the viewpoint of the magic mirror from the fairy tale "Snow White". "Mira" is a main character.

neg: Sironia, Texas Sironia, Texas is a novel by American author Madison Cooper that describes life in the fictional town of Sironia, Texas, in the early 20th century. The book won the Houghton Mifflin Literary Award. Sironia is widely thought to be a thinly disguised version of his hometown of Waco, Texas. The book contains over 1,700 pages, making it one of the longest novels in the English language. Written over a period of 11 years, it was published in 1952. It sold 25,000 copies in its initial printing, but quickly faded from public view. Cooper subtly satirized upper-class southerners throughout the book.

neg: Glamour Girl (novel) Glamour Girl is a novel written by Kerry Katona and Fanny Blake. It is the third in a trilogy of novels written by Katona and Blake and is a follow up from their first two novels "Tough Love" and "The Footballer's Wife". It was released 2 October 2008.

neg: The Seance (Lawrence novel) The Seance is a mystery novel by Iain Lawrence, first published in 2008. It is set in America in the 1920s. The main character is thirteen-year-old illusionist Scooter King, who lives with his mother the medium, helping her to host seances and make a small living.

neg: The Beautiful Person The Beautiful Person (French: La Belle Personne ) is a 2008 French film directed by Christophe Honoré. It is a modernized adaptation of the seventeeth-century French novel "La Princesse de Clèves".

neg: The Sexual Paradox The Sexual Paradox is a book by Susan Pinker published by Scribner in 2008. Pinker is a psychologist and columnist for "The Globe and Mail". "The Sexual Paradox" was 2009 winner of the American Psychological Association's annual William James Book Award, a "New York Times" "Editor's Choice", and one of the "Best Books" reviewed by the "Evening Standard".

neg: Home (Robinson novel) Home is a novel written by the Pulitzer Prize-winning American author Marilynne Robinson. Published in 2008, it is Robinson's third novel, preceded by "Housekeeping" in 1980 and "Gilead" in 2004.

neg: Serena (2014 film) Serena is a 2014 American–French drama film based on the 2008 novel of the same name by American author Ron Rash. Directed by Susanne Bier, the film stars Jennifer Lawrence and Bradley Cooper as newlyweds running a timber business in 1930s North Carolina.

neg: Little Brother (Doctorow novel) Little Brother is a novel by Cory Doctorow, published by Tor Books. It was released on April 29, 2008. The novel is about four teenagers in San Francisco who, in the aftermath of a terrorist attack on the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge and BART system, defend themselves against the Department of Homeland Security's attacks on the Bill of Rights. The novel is available for free on the author's website under a Creative Commons license (CC BY-NC-SA), keeping it accessible and remixable to all.

neg: Scott Bradfield Scott Michael Bradfield (born 27 April 1955) is an American essayist, critic and fiction writer who resides in London, England. He has taught at the University of California, the University of Connecticut and Kingston University and has reviewed for "The Times Literary Supplement", "Elle", "The Observer", "Vice" and "The Independent". He is best known, however, for his short stories, of which he has had four collections published. The 1998 film "Luminous Motion", for which he wrote the screenplay, was based on his first novel, "The History of Luminous Motion" (1989).

neg: Dark Horse (Reed novel) Dark Horse is a 2008 novel by conservative activist Ralph Reed.

neg: Skellig (film) Skellig known in North America as Skellig: The Owl Man is a 2009 British fantasy drama film directed by Annabel Jankel and starring Tim Roth and Bill Milner. The screenplay by Irena Brignull is based on the award-winning children's novel, "Skellig" by David Almond, published in 1998.


query: Are both Vigna and Desfontainia considered genus level classification?

pos: Vigna Vigna is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae, with a pantropical distribution. It includes some well-known cultivated species, including many types of beans. Some are former members of the genus "Phaseolus". According to "Hortus Third", "Vigna" differs from "Phaseolus" in biochemistry and pollen structure, and in details of the style and stipules.

pos: Desfontainia Desfontainia is a genus of flowering plants placed currently in the family Columelliaceae, though formerly in Loganiaceae, Potaliaceae (now subsumed in Gentianaceae), or a family of its own, Desfontainiaceae.

neg: Parasaccogaster Parasaccogaster is a genus of viviparous brotulas.

neg: Durrantia Durrantia is a moth genus of the family Depressariidae.

neg: Ascarina Ascarina is an ancient, woody, angiosperm genus. It is a distinct genus of "Chloranthaceae" consisting of less than twenty species, found in the Australian region, the Pacific Islands and Madagascar. They can grow up to six metres tall and have a spread of approximately three metres. "Ascarina" are usually tropical cloud forest species which need high humidity to thrive, and are vulnerable to both frost and drought. There has been discussion and research on whether or not this genus and its family are primitive, or have become reduced over time. Another controversial topic for the genus is its relation to the "Clavatipollenites", a fossilized pollen.

neg: Scoparia (plant) Scoparia is a genus of mostly tropical plants including "Scoparia dulcis" known as licorice weed, sweet broom, vassourinha and many other names.

neg: Adiantaceae Adiantaceae (as construed here, "sensu stricto", not a synonym of Pteridaceae) is a family of ferns in the order Pteridales. This includes the family formerly known as the "Vittariaceae." Recent genetic analyses based on chloroplast genes demonstrate that the vittarioid ferns cladistically nest within the genus "Adiantum", making that genus paraphyletic.

neg: Beudanticeras Beudanticeras is an extinct cephalopod genus from the Late Cretaceous period; Albian and Cenomanian, belonging to the ammonoid subclass and included in the family Desmoceratidae.

neg: Adiantum Adiantum , the walking fern or maidenhair fern, is a genus of about 250 species of ferns in the Vittarioideae subfamily of the family Pteridaceae, though some researchers place it in its own family, "Adiantaceae". The genus name comes from Greek, meaning "not wetting", referring to the fronds' ability to shed water without becoming wet.

neg: Viperini Viperini is a taxonomic synonym that may refer to:

neg: List of prehistoric hexacoral genera This list of prehistoric hexacorals (Scleractinia) is an attempt to create a comprehensive listing of all genera that have ever been included in the hexacorallia which are known from the fossil record. This list excludes purely vernacular terms. It includes all commonly accepted genera, but also genera that are now considered invalid, doubtful ("nomina dubia"), or were not formally published ("nomina nuda"), as well as junior synonyms of more established names, and genera that are no longer considered scleractinia.

neg: Diaphantania Diaphantania is a genus of moths of the Crambidae family.

neg: Viola cryana Viola cryana, the Cry violet, also known as Cry pansy, is an extinct plant species from the violet genus Viola which was endemic to the French Department Yonne. "Vioala cryana" was discovered in 1860 but first described in 1878.

neg: Talbotia elegans Talbotia elegans is the sole species in the monotypic genus of monocotyledonous flowering plants, Talbotia. The plant is a member of Velloziaceae family and it is closely related to another African genus which is "Xerophyta". That's why depending on the classification system these two genera are sometimes united together in "Xerophyta".

neg: Disinae Disinae is a subtribe of orchids that has been differently defined and placed in the two classification systems that are currently in use for orchids. "Genera Orchidacearum", which is currently the definitive work on orchid taxonomy, delimits Disinae as consisting of two closely related genera, "Disa" and "Schizodium", and it places Disinae in the mostly African tribe Diseae, along with four other subtribes: Brownleeinae, Huttonaeinae, Coryciinae, and Satyriinae. In the classification for orchids that was published by Chase et alii in 2015, "Schizodium" was placed in synonymy under "Disa", while "Pachites" and "Huttonaea" were transferred to Disinae. In "Genera Orchidacearum", "Pachites" and "Satyrium" form the subtribe Satyriinae, and "Huttonaea" is the sole genus in the subtribe Huttonaeinae. The transfer of "Pachites" and "Huttonaea" to Disinae by Chase et alii (2015) was done with considerable doubt, and was based upon uncertainty about the relationships of these two genera. In 2009, a molecular phylogenetic study found only weak statistical support for a sister relationship between "Huttonaea" and "Disa".

neg: Vaena Vaena is a genus of moth in the family Geometridae.

neg: Vituliconus Vituliconus is a synonym of "Conus (Strategoconus)" : synonym of "Conus"

neg: Koinia Koinia is an extinct genus of temnospondyl amphibian from the Late Permian of Russia. It is an archegosauroid in the subfamily Melosaurinae. "Koinia" was named in 1993 with the description of the type species "K. silantjevi", based on fossils that were found near the Vym River in the Komi Republic.

neg: Banksia rufa subsp. flavescens Banksia rufa" subsp. "flavescens is a subspecies of "Banksia rufa". It was known as Dryandra ferruginea" subsp. "flavescens until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all "Dryandra" into "Banksia". Since the name "Banksia ferruginea" had already been used, Mast and Thiele had to choose a new specific epithet for "D. ferruginea" and hence for this subspecies of it. As with other members of "Banksia" ser. "Dryandra", it is endemic to the South West Botanical Province of Western Australia.

neg: Boursinia Boursinia is a genus of moths of the Noctuidae family.

neg: Desmochitina Desmochitina is an extinct genus of chitinozoans. It was described by Alfred Eisenack in 1931.

neg: Vinceria Vinceria is an extinct genus of kannemeyeriiform dicynodont in the family Shansiodontidae.


query: What was the hunter culture in 12900 to 11700 BP in Sweden?

pos: Prehistoric Sweden The Pleistocene glaciations scoured the landscape clean and covered much of it in deep quaternary sediments. Therefore, no undisputed Early or Middle Palaeolithic sites or finds are known from Sweden. As far as it is currently known, the country's prehistory begins in the Allerød interstadial c. 12,000 BCE with Late Palaeolithic hunting camps of the Bromme culture at the edge of the ice in what is now the country's southernmost province. Shortly before the close of the Younger Dryas (c. 9,600 BCE), the west coast of Sweden (Bohuslän) was visited by hunter-gatherers from northern Germany. This cultural group is commonly referred to as the Ahrensburgian and were engaged in fishing and sealing along the coast of western Sweden during seasonal rounds from the Continent. Currently, we refer to this group as the Hensbacka culture and, in Norway, as the Fosna culture group (see: Oxford Journal Hensbacka Schmitt). During the late Preboreal period, colonization continued as people move towards the north-east as the ice receded. Archaeological, linguistic and genetic evidence suggests that they arrived first from the south-west and, in time, also from the north-east and met half-way.

pos: Ahrensburg culture The Ahrensburg culture or Ahrensburgian (c.12,900 to 11,700 BP) was a late Upper Paleolithic nomadic hunter culture (or technocomplex) in north-central Europe during the Younger Dryas, the last spell of cold at the end of the Weichsel glaciation resulting in deforestation and the formation of a tundra with bushy arctic white birch and rowan. The most important prey was the wild reindeer. The earliest definite finds of arrow and bow date to this culture, though these weapons might have been invented earlier. The Ahrensburgian was preceded by the Hamburg and Federmesser cultures and superseded by the Maglemosian and Swiderian cultures. Ahrensburgian finds were made in southern and western Scandinavia, the North German plain and western Poland. The Ahrensburgian area also included vast stretches of land now at the bottom of the North and Baltic Sea, since during the Younger Dryas the coastline took a much more northern course than today.

neg: Trzciniec culture The Trzciniec culture is a Bronze-Age archaeological culture in Eastern Europe (c. 1900 – 1200 BC). It is sometimes associated with the Komarov neighbouring culture, as the Trzciniec-Komarov culture.

neg: Paleolithic dog The Paleolithic dog was a Late Pleistocene canine. They were directly associated with human hunting camps in Europe over 30,000 years before present (YBP) and it is proposed that they were domesticated. They are also proposed to be either a proto-dog and the ancestor of the domestic dog or an extinct morphologically and genetically divergent wolf population.

neg: Duvensee archaeological sites The Duvensee archaeological sites (German: "Duvenseer Wohnplätze" ) are a series of early Mesolithic archaeological sites that are located within the Duvensee bog near Duvensee in Schleswig Holstein, Germany. The bog is one of the oldest and well-researched archaeological settlement areas from the early Holocene in Central Europe. The archaeological sites are renowned for their well-preserved organic remains and are of great importance in understanding the subsistence and settlement strategies of post-glacial hunter-gatherer societies. Recent research has explored the Duvensee societies' diet and land use patterns in relation to the evolution of modern lifestyles and nutrition.

neg: Håga mound The Håga mound ("Hågahögen") or King Björn's Mound ("Kung Björns hög") is a large Nordic Bronze Age tumulus in the western outskirts of Uppsala, Sweden. It is one of the most magnificent remains from the Nordic Bronze Age.

neg: Starčevo–Kőrös–Criș culture The Starčevo–Kőrös–Criş culture is a common name for a grouping of three related Neolithic archaeological cultures in Southeastern Europe: the Starčevo culture, the Kőrös culture, and the Criş culture.

neg: Nordic bread culture Nordic bread culture has existed in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden from prehistoric time through to the present.

neg: History of Ivory Coast The date of the first human presence in Ivory Coast (officially called Côte d'Ivoire) has been difficult to determine because human remains have not been well preserved in the country's humid climate. However, the presence of old weapon and tool fragments (specifically, polished axes cut through shale and remnants of cooking and fishing) in the country has been interpreted as a possible indication of a large human presence during the Upper Paleolithic period (15,000 to 10,000 BC), or at the minimum, the Neolithic period. The earliest known inhabitants of Côte d'Ivoire , however, have left traces scattered throughout the territory. Historians believe that they were all either displaced or absorbed by the ancestors of the present inhabitants. Peoples who arrived before the 16th century include the Ehotilé (Aboisso), Kotrowou (Fresco), Zéhiri (Grand Lahou), Ega and Diès (Divo).

neg: Timeline of prehistoric Scotland This timeline of prehistoric Scotland is a chronologically ordered list of important archaeological sites in Scotland and of major events affecting Scotland's human inhabitants and culture during the prehistoric period. The period of prehistory prior to occupation by the genus "Homo" is part of the geology of Scotland. Prehistory in Scotland ends with the arrival of the Romans in southern Scotland in the 1st century AD and the beginning of written records. The archaeological sites and events listed are the earliest examples or among the most notable of their type.

neg: Kulturen Kulturen is a museum in Lund, Sweden. Kulturen is Sweden's second oldest open-air museum after Skansen in Stockholm. The complete name of the museum is "Kulturhistoriska föreningen för södra Sverige".

neg: Andronovo culture The Andronovo culture is a collection of similar local Bronze Age cultures that flourished c. 2000–900 BC in western Siberia and the west Asiatic steppe. It is probably better termed an archaeological complex or archaeological horizon.

neg: Swiderian culture Swiderian culture, also published in English literature as "Sviderian" and "Swederian", is the name of Final Palaeolithic cultural complexes in Poland and the surrounding areas. The type-site is "Świdry Wielkie", in Otwock near the Swider River, a tributary to the Vistula River, in Masovia. The Swiderian is recognized as a distinctive culture that developed on the sand dunes left behind by the retreating glaciers. Rimantiene (1996) considered the relationship between Swiderian and Solutrean "outstanding, though also indirect", in contrast with the Bromme-Ahrensburg complex ("Lyngby culture"), for which she introduced the term "Baltic Magdalenian" for generalizing all other North European Late Paleolithic culture groups that have a common origin in Aurignacian.

neg: Canegrate culture The Canegrate culture was a civilization of Prehistoric Italy who developed from the recent Bronze Age (13th century BC) until the Iron Age, in the areas of what are now western Lombardy, eastern Piedmont, and Ticino. Canegrate represented a completely new cultural dynamic to the area expressed in pottery and bronzework making it a typical example of the western Hallstatt culture.

neg: History of Norway The history of Norway has been influenced to an extraordinary degree by the terrain and the climate of the region. About 10,000 BC, following the retreat of the great inland ice sheets, the earliest inhabitants migrated north into the territory which is now Norway. They traveled steadily northwards along the coastal areas, warmed by the Gulf Stream, where life was more bearable. In order to survive they fished and hunted reindeer (and other prey). Between 5,000 BC and 4,000 BC the earliest agricultural settlements appeared around the Oslofjord. Gradually, between 1500 BC and 500 BC, these agricultural settlements spread into the southern areas of Norway - whilst the inhabitants of the northern regions continued to hunt and fish.

neg: Upward Sun River site The Upward Sun River site, or Xaasaa Na’, is a Late Pleistocene archaeological site associated with the Paleo-Arctic Tradition, located in the Tanana River Valley, Alaska. Dated to around 11,500 BP, Upward Sun River is the site of the oldest human remains discovered on the American side of Beringia. The site was first discovered in 2006.

neg: Wielbark culture The Wielbark culture (German: "Wielbark-Willenberg-Kultur" , Polish: "Kultura wielbarska" , Ukrainian: Вельбарська культура/Velbarska kultura ) or East Pomeranian-Mazovian is part of an Iron Age archaeological complex that dates from the 1st century AD to the 4th century AD.

neg: Dapenkeng culture The Dapenkeng culture () was an early Neolithic culture that appeared in northern Taiwan between 4000 and 3000 BC and quickly spread around the coast of the island, as well as the Penghu islands to the west.

neg: Komsa culture The Komsa culture ("Komsakulturen") was a Mesolithic culture of hunter-gatherers that existed from around 10,000 BC in Northern Norway.

neg: Nordic Stone Age The Nordic Stone Age refers to the Stone Age of Scandinavia. During the Weichselian glaciation, almost all of Scandinavia was buried beneath a thick permanent ice cover and the Stone Age came rather late to this region. As the climate slowly warmed up at the end of the ice age, nomadic hunters from central Europe sporadically visited the region, but it was not until around 12,000 BCE before permanent, but nomadic, habitation took root.

neg: Pfyn culture The Pfyn Culture is one of several archaeological cultures of the Neolithic period in Switzerland. It dates from c. 3900 BC to c. 3500 BC.

neg: The Hunters (1996 film) The Hunters (Swedish: Jägarna ) is a Swedish thriller film which was released to cinemas in Sweden on 31 January 1996, directed by Kjell Sundvall. A police officer from Stockholm moves back to his hometown Älvsbyn in Norrland in northern Sweden. He starts to work on a long-running reindeer poaching case and soon discovers that his brother is involved.