query: Which magazine was founded first, Spider or Multinational Monitor?

pos: Spider (magazine) Spider is an illustrated literary magazine designed for children from 6 to 9 years old. Started in January 1994, the magazine is published in the United States by The Cricket Magazine Group, which is owned by the Carus Publishing Company. The headquarters of the magazine is in Chicago, Illinois. The magazine tells original short stories, poems, nonfiction articles, activities, games and illustrations from world famous authors. It also has art and writing contests in each issue and publishes work created by its readers.

pos: Multinational Monitor The Multinational Monitor was a bimonthly magazine founded by Ralph Nader in 1980. It was published by Essential Information. The magazine was formerly published on a monthly basis. Although its primary focus was on analysis of corporations, it also published articles on labor issues and occupational safety and health, the environment, globalization, privatization, the global economy, and developing nations.

neg: Omni (magazine) Omni was a science and science fiction magazine published in the US and the UK. It contained articles on science, parapsychology, and short works of science fiction and fantasy. It was published as a print version between October 1978 and 1995. The first "Omni" e-magazine was published on CompuServe in 1986 and the magazine switched to a purely online presence in 1996. It ceased publication abruptly in 1997, following the death of co-founder Kathy Keeton, and closed down in 1998.

neg: DJ Mag DJ Magazine (also known as DJ Mag) is a British monthly magazine dedicated to electronic dance music and DJs. Founded in 1991, the magazine is adapted for distribution in UK, USA, Spain, France, Italy, Latin America, China, South Korea, Indonesia and The Netherlands.

neg: Night Magazine Established in 1984, and published monthly by Mondiale Publishing Ltd, NIGHT magazine covered operational, technical and design developments within bars, clubs, student unions, casinos and live venues across the UK. Through its partnership with nightclub association Noctis and research arm CGA the magazine was able to provide legal, political and operational guidance alongside information from installers, manufacturers and service providers working within the nightclub industry. The magazine also provided an overview of the culture and community of clubbing, conducting interviews with key industry figures and artists, creating features and commissioning its own photography.

neg: Mongrel (magazine) Mongrel was an arts, culture and news magazine published nationwide in Ireland between 2003 and 2008. Founded by Sam Bungey and Yousef Eldin, Mongrel published 38 issues, and was notable for its irreverent editorial and high-end production printed in full colour with perfect binding.

neg: Xpat Magazine Xpat Magazine was a quarterly all-English arts and culture publication based in Tainan, Taiwan. Xpat Magazine was founded by Matt Gibson as an e-zine in February 2003. Gibson edited and managed the magazine until he sold it to a group of expatriates in September, 2007.

neg: UN-SPIDER UN-SPIDER ("United Nations Platform for Space-based Information for Disaster Management and Emergency Response") is a platform which facilitates the use of space-based technologies for disaster management and emergency response. It is a programme under the auspices of the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA).

neg: Sanctuary Asia Sanctuary Asia is India's first and one of its leading environmental news magazines. The publication is a privately owned, self-supporting venture and does not accept any donations. Its funding sources are advertisements, subscriptions and content provision. It is published in a bimonthly cycle at a one-year, six-issue individual subscription price of Rs.575/-.

neg: National Geographic Traveler National Geographic Traveler is a magazine published by the National Geographic Society in the United States. It was launched in 1984. Local-language editions of "National Geographic Traveler" are published in Armenia, Belgium/the Netherlands, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Indonesia, Latin America, Israel, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovenia and Spain. A UK edition launched in December 2010.

neg: Sylk Magazine Sylk Magazine is an online men's magazine launched in June 2004. "Sylk" features a mix of socio-political editorial combined with pictorials of scantily clad female models (the "Sylk Girls"). "Sylk Magazine" was one of the first men's magazines to forsake print and embrace 100% Internet distribution.

neg: Jane's Defence Weekly Jane's Defence Weekly (abbreviated as JDW) is a weekly magazine reporting on military and corporate affairs, edited by Peter Felstead. It is one of a number of military-related publications named after John F. T. Jane, an Englishman who first published "Jane's All the World's Fighting Ships" in 1898. It is a unit of Jane's Information Group, which was purchased by IHS in 2007. The magazine has a large circulation and is frequently cited in publications worldwide.

neg: Net (magazine) net is a monthly print magazine that publishes content on web development and design. Founded in 1994, the magazine is published in the UK by Future plc. It is widely recognized as the premiere print publication for web designers. The magazine can be purchased from most major book retailers, including the American Barnes & Noble.

neg: Etiqueta Negra (magazine) Etiqueta Negra (Spanish for "Black Label") is a monthly Peruvian magazine of narrative journalism style, also published in Panama and Chile. Founded by Huberth and Gerson Jara and currently edited by Eliezer Budasoff, it counts with the contribution of renowned writers, journalists and artists of Latin America. Inspired by American "The New Yorker", "Etiqueta Negra" publishes chronicles, essays and reports. The magazine is headquartered in Lima and is published by Pool Producciones.

neg: Dawn (newspaper) DAWN is Pakistan's oldest and most widely read English-language newspaper. One of the country's three largest English-language dailies, it is the flagship of the Dawn Group of Newspapers, published by Pakistan Herald Publications, which also owns the "Herald", a magazine, "Spider", an information technology magazine and "Aurora", an advertising, marketing and media magazine.

neg: Flagpole Magazine Flagpole Magazine, often abbreviated to simply Flagpole, is an American alternative newsweekly that focuses on the cultural scene of Athens, Georgia and its surrounding communities. It was founded by Jared Bailey and Dennis Greenia in 1984 and is currently edited and published by Pete McCommons. The publication covers local music, politics, news, features and news related to the town that is also the home of the University of Georgia. Although nationwide delivery to paid subscribers is available, it is distributed free of charge to over 275 locations throughout the Athens area, earning the bulk of its revenue through the sale of advertising space.

neg: Novi magazin Novi magazin (Serbian Cyrillic: Нови магазин, English: "New Magazine") is a Serbian-language weekly print news magazine headquartered in Belgrade. It features original articles on social, economic, and political topics, with the editorial policy described as "moderately critical [of the Serbian government] and pro-European". The magazine was founded in 2011.

neg: Enterprise Magazine Enterprise Magazine is a business magazine in the United Kingdom. The magazine began publication in 2002 in the United Kingdom as an annual. Founded by Ed Pereira, it was predominantly a business start-up based publication distributed through business support outlets. The magazine began publishing quarterly in the spring of 2006.

neg: International Society of Arachnology The International Society of Arachnology (ISA) promotes the study of arachnids and the exchange of information among researchers in this field.It acts as an umbrella organisation for regional societies and individuals interested in spiders, and related animals, and organises an "International Congress" every three years.

neg: List of covers of Time magazine (1990s) This is a list of people appearing on the cover of "Time" magazine in the 1990s. "Time" was first published in 1923. As "Time" became established as one of the United States' leading newsmagazines, an appearance on the cover of "Time" became an indicator of a person’s notability, fame or notoriety. Such features were accompanied by articles about the person.

neg: Litteratura Serpentium Litteratura Serpentium is a herpetological magazine published by the European Snake Society in Dutch since 1980 (ISSN 0926-3586  ;ISSN 1571-9006  ), and in English since 1983.(ISSN 0926-3527  )

neg: International Socialist Review (1900) The International Socialist Review was a monthly magazine published in Chicago, Illinois by Charles H. Kerr & Co. from 1900 until 1918. The magazine was chiefly a Marxist theoretical journal during its first years under the editorship of A.M. Simons. Beginning in 1908 the publication took a turn to the left with publisher Charles H. Kerr taking over the main editorial task. The later "Review" (as it was called by its contemporaries) featured heavy use of photographic illustration on glossy paper and mixed news of the contemporary labor movement with its typical theoretical fare.


query: James H. Rowe, Jr. was an advisor to both Lyndon B. Johnson and a president that once represented what state in the US Senate?

pos: James H. Rowe James H. Rowe, Jr. (June 1, 1909 – June 17, 1984) was an American lawyer and New Dealer who was selected by President Harry Truman to work on the Commission on Organization of the Executive Branch of the Government, commonly known as the Hoover Commission. He was a political strategist in the Democratic Party and is best known for his memo to Truman on re-election strategy. He was an advisor to both Lyndon B. Johnson and Hubert Humphrey.

pos: Hubert Humphrey Hubert Horatio Humphrey Jr. (May 27, 1911January 13, 1978) was an American politician who served as the 38th Vice President of the United States from 1965 to 1969. Humphrey twice served in the United States Senate, representing Minnesota from 1949 to 1964 and 1971 to 1978. He was the Democratic Party's nominee in the 1968 presidential election, losing to the Republican nominee Richard Nixon.

neg: James W. Huffman James Wylie Huffman (September 13, 1894May 20, 1980) was a Democratic Party politician from Ohio. He represented Ohio in the United States Senate from 1945 until 1946.

neg: Benjamin Wade Benjamin Franklin "Bluff" Wade (October 27, 1800March 2, 1878) was a United States Senator from Ohio known for his leading role among the Radical Republicans. Had the 1868 impeachment of Andrew Johnson led to a conviction in the Senate, as President pro tempore of the U.S. Senate, Wade would have become President of the United States for the remaining months of Johnson's term.

neg: Dean Rusk David Dean Rusk (February 9, 1909December 20, 1994) was the United States Secretary of State from 1961 to 1969 under presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson. Rusk is one of the longest serving U.S. Secretaries of State, behind only Cordell Hull.

neg: James A. McDougall James Alexander McDougall (November 19, 1817 – September 3, 1867) was an American attorney and politician elected to statewide office in two U.S. states, then to the United States House of Representatives and United States Senate. A gifted orator, McDougall began his career as a civil engineer in New York, then read law, rising quickly to heights in his profession in Illinois, where he became a friend of fellow prairie attorneys Abraham Lincoln, Edward D. Baker, and Stephen Douglas. Like many Americans, McDougall was drawn to Gold Rush California in 1849; he resumed his law practice and was elected second attorney general for the new state of California. In the election of 1860, Lincoln won the presidency as a Republican, Baker was elected Republican senator from Oregon, and McDougall was elected senator from California, joining Douglas in the Senate as fellow War Democrats. All three of McDougall's Prairie State friends would die in the six years before his term as senator expired. A noted drinker, McDougall once gave an address to the Senate disparaging a proposed rule to outlaw the sale of alcohol in the United States Capitol, but died shortly after leaving the Senate, "...hastened by his indulgence in the bowl."

neg: Jared Y. Sanders Jr. Jared Young Sanders Jr. (April 20, 1892 – November 29, 1960), was a Democratic member of the Louisiana House of Representatives, the Louisiana State Senate, and the United States House of Representatives, perhaps best known for his conservative opposition to legendary Governor and U.S. Senator Huey Pierce Long Jr., and his support of the States' Rights Party of Louisiana in 1960.

neg: United States Senate elections, 1932 and 1933 The United States Senate elections of 1932 coincided with Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt's crushing defeat of incumbent Herbert Hoover in the presidential election. With the Hoover administration widely blamed for the Great Depression, Republicans lost twelve seats and control of the chamber.

neg: United States presidential election, 1960 The United States presidential election of 1960 was the 44th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 8, 1960. The Republican Party nominated incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon, while the Democratic Party nominated John F. Kennedy, U.S. Senator from Massachusetts. The incumbent President, Republican Dwight D. Eisenhower, was not eligible for re-election after being elected the maximum two times allowed by the Twenty-second Amendment; he was the first President denied the choice to run for a third term by that amendment. This was the first presidential election in which residents in Alaska and Hawaii were able to participate, as both had become states in 1959.

neg: Jim Jeffords James Merrill Jeffords (May 11, 1934 – August 18, 2014) was a U.S. Senator from Vermont. Sworn into the Senate in 1989, he served as a Republican until 2001, when he left the party to become an Independent and began caucusing with the Democrats. Jeffords retired from the Senate in 2007. Prior to the Senate, he served as the U.S. Representative for Vermont 's at-large congressional  from 1975 to 1989.

neg: C. R. Hawkins Charles Roosevelt "Ted" Hawkins (October 29, 1900 - September 21, 1959) was an American politician, banker, and bank president from Brumley, Missouri, who served in the Missouri Senate. He was the youngest son of James M. Hawkins, a Union Army Civil War veteran who served as a state representative from 1881 until 1882. Hawkins twice received the St. Louis Globe-Democrat award for meritorious public service as the senator most effective in debate.

neg: James Nabrit Jr. James Madison Nabrit Jr. (1900–1997) was a prominent American civil rights attorney who won several important arguments before the U.S. Supreme Court, served as president of Howard University for much of the 1960s, and was appointed Deputy Ambassador to the United Nations by President Lyndon B. Johnson. His brother, Samuel M. Nabrit, was appointed to the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. His son, James Nabrit III, was also a civil rights attorney.

neg: James Paul Johnson James Paul "Jim" Johnson (born June 2, 1930) was formerly a Republican U.S. Representative from Colorado.

neg: Electoral history of Robert Byrd Electoral history of Robert Byrd, senior United States Senator from West Virginia (1959–2010), President pro tempore of the United States Senate (1989–1995, 2001, 2001–2003 and 2007–2010), Senate Majority (1977–1981, 1987–1989) and Minority Leader (1981–1987). He was also the longest-serving U.S. Senator in history, as well as the previous longest-serving member of Congress.

neg: Dick Clark (senator) Richard Clarence Clark (born September 14, 1928) is an American politician who represented the state of Iowa in the United States Senate from 1973 to 1979.

neg: Lyndon B. Johnson National Historical Park Lyndon B. Johnson National Historical Park is a United States National Historical Park in central Texas about 50 miles west of Austin in the Texas Hill Country. The park protects the birthplace, home, ranch, and final resting place of Lyndon B. Johnson, 36th President of the United States. During Johnson's administration, the LBJ Ranch was known as the "Texas White House" because the President spent approximately 20% of his time in office there.

neg: James Boyce (Louisiana politician) James Harvey Boyce, Sr., known as Jimmy Boyce (October 6, 1922 – May 15, 1990) was a businessman from Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA, who from 1972 to 1976 was the state chairman of the Louisiana Republican Party. During his tenure, the GOP carried the state in the reelection sweep of U.S. President Richard M. Nixon and in the initial elections in 1972 and 1975 of the first Republican members from Louisiana to the United States House of Representatives since the Reconstruction era.

neg: Robert Ward Johnson Robert Ward Johnson (July 22, 1814 – July 26, 1879) was an American politician who served as a Confederate States Senator from Arkansas (1862-1865). He previously served as a U.S. Representative (1847-1853), Senator (1853-1861), and delegate to the Provisional Congress of the Confederate States (1861-1862).

neg: Andrew Johnson Andrew Johnson (December 29, 1808 July 31, 1875) was the 17th President of the United States, serving from 1865 to 1869. Johnson became president as he was vice president at the time of the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. A Democrat who ran with Lincoln on the National Union ticket, Johnson came to office as the Civil War concluded. The new president favored quick restoration of the seceded states to the Union. His plans did not give protection to the former slaves, and he came into conflict with the Republican-dominated Congress, culminating in his impeachment by the House of Representatives. He was acquitted in the Senate by one vote.

neg: George H. Moses George Higgins Moses (February 9, 1869December 20, 1944) was a U.S. diplomat and political figure. He served as a United States Senator from New Hampshire and was chosen as the Senate's President pro tempore.

neg: Paul B. Johnson Sr. Paul Burney Johnson Sr. (March 23, 1880December 26, 1943) was an American attorney, judge, and politician, serving as United States Representative from Mississippi, 1919–1923, and as Governor of Mississippi, 1940–1943.

neg: Larry E. Temple Larry E. Temple (born December 26, 1935) is an American attorney who served as the White House Counsel to President Lyndon B. Johnson from 1967 to 1969. From 1963 to 1967, he was the Executive Assistant to Texas Governor John Connally.


query: The Burlington Mall is a large, two-story, indoor shopping mall complex located off Route 3 and Route 128 in Burlington, Massachusetts, the mall is one of many shopping venues in the Middlesex County area, including which 115 store shopping mall located along US Route 1 (Broadway) between Main Street and Essex Street in Saugus, Massachusetts?

pos: Burlington Mall (Massachusetts) The Burlington Mall is a large, two-story, indoor shopping mall complex located off Route 3 and Route 128 in Burlington, Massachusetts. The mall is one of many shopping venues in the Middlesex County area, including the Shops at Billerica, Square One Mall, Acton Plaza, and Middlesex Commons. The Burlington Mall has a gross leasable area of 1282339 sqft . The mall has approximately 170 shops and restaurants, including a large food court (capable of seating 775), and is in a high-density commercial district. Built in 1968, it was expanded in the 1970s and 1980s. It is managed by Simon Property Group, Inc.

pos: Square One Mall Square One Mall (formerly the New England Shopping Center) is a 115 store shopping mall located along US Route 1 (Broadway) between Main Street and Essex Street in Saugus, Massachusetts. Anchor stores include Sears, Macy's, Dick's Sporting Goods, Best Buy, T.J. Maxx, and BD's Furniture.

neg: The Street Chestnut Hill The Street at Chestnut Hill is an open-air shopping center on Route 9 in the Newton portion of Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts. The shopping center contains 640,090 sq. feet of fashion retailers, restaurants, and entertainment options. The architecture and design of the new shopping center mimics modern village-like streetscapes and overlooks neighboring Hammond Pond. The center contains a Showcase SuperLux and a Star Market.

neg: Walt Whitman Shops Walt Whitman Shops (formerly known as Walt Whitman Mall) is a luxury shopping mall located in Huntington Station, New York on Walt Whitman Road (Route 110) and New York Avenue. It has many stores including main anchors Bloomingdale's, Lord & Taylor, Macy's and Saks Fifth Avenue. The mall is owned and managed by Melvin Simon and Associates, one of the largest developers of shopping malls in the United States and owner of Long Island's largest mall, Roosevelt Field in Garden City. Suffolk County Transit, Nassau Inter-County Express and Huntington Area Rapid Transit all have bus routes that service the mall.

neg: Adams, New Jersey Adams is an unincorporated community located within North Brunswick Township in Middlesex County, New Jersey, United States. The community is located along Cozzens Lane (County Route 608) between Route 27 and U.S. Route 1 and except for commercial businesses lining Routes 1 and 27, is made up of mostly residential homes and apartment complexes.

neg: Burlington Center Mall Burlington Center Mall is a two-level enclosed shopping mall located in Burlington Township, New Jersey, opened in August 1982. It was built by The Rouse Company of Columbia, Maryland.

neg: Providence Place Providence Place is an urban shopping mall, currently owned by GGP Inc. It is located in downtown Providence, Rhode Island, near the Rhode Island State House and Providence Station, and by the interchange of I-95, I-195, U.S. 1 and U.S. 6.

neg: Willowbrook Mall (Wayne, New Jersey) Willowbrook Mall is a two-level shopping center located in Wayne, New Jersey, United States. It is near the intersection of U.S. Route 46, Route 23 and Interstate 80. The mall opened in 1969 and was expanded or renovated in 1970, 1988, 2006, and 2015. The mall has over 200 retail establishments and a gross leasable area (GLA) of 1,514,000 ft², and is the fourth-largest shopping mall in New Jersey (tied with Monmouth Mall).

neg: Massachusetts Route 198 Route 198 is a state highway in the U.S. state of Massachusetts. The highway runs 3.960 mi from the Connecticut state line north to Route 131 within Southbridge in southern Worcester County.

neg: Bayshore Town Center Bayshore Town Center (formerly called Bayshore Mall) is a shopping mall/mixed use complex including retail, restaurants, entertainment, office and residential in Glendale, Wisconsin. It is anchored by Barnes & Noble, Boston Store, and Kohl's. Originally an outdoor strip mall built in 1954, it was converted into an enclosed mall in 1974. By 1989, it held the last remaining location of local department store T. A. Chapman Co.

neg: The Crossroads (Portage, Michigan) The Crossroads is a shopping mall located in Portage, Michigan. The mall features four anchor stores (Macy's, JCPenney, Sears, and Burlington Coat Factory), as well as 100 stores and a food court. The Crossroads Mall has been owned since 1999 by General Growth Properties.

neg: Cape Cod Mall Cape Cod Mall is a regional shopping mall located in Hyannis, Massachusetts. Its anchor stores are Barnes & Noble, Best Buy, Sears, Marshalls, Macy's and Macy's Women's/Accessories store. In addition, the mall features a food court and a twelve screen, stadium style movie theater. Cape Cod Mall is managed by Simon Property Group, which owns 49.1% of it. The mall currently has a gross leasable area of 821000 sqft following the completion of the late 1990s expansion, as well as the addition of a two-story, 30000 sqft Barnes & Noble Bookstore in 2000, and a minor expansion to the previous Filene's department store (from 80000 sqft to 100000 sqft ), which became Macy's Women's and Accessories store in 2006.

neg: The Mall (Bromley) The Mall is a shopping centre in Bromley, South East London, United Kingdom. It is small in size and is often overshadowed by the main shopping centre in Bromley "The Glades".

neg: Walden Galleria Walden Galleria is a shopping mall located in the town of Cheektowaga, a suburb of Buffalo, New York located east of I-90 and New York State Thruway Exit 52 off of Walden Avenue New York State Route 952Q. The Walden Galleria comprises more than 1600000 sqft of retail space, with 250 stores on two levels, including a food court and a movie theater. The Galleria has department stores, JCPenney, Macy's, and Lord & Taylor; with additional anchors including Best Buy, Dick's Sporting Goods, DSW Shoe Warehouse, Forever 21, Old Navy, and a Regal Cinemas multiplex. Sears closed in April 2017. The mall is owned and managed by The Pyramid Companies of Syracuse, New York, the same management firm that developed it.

neg: East Gate Square East Gate Square is a shopping center complex located along the border between Moorestown and Mount Laurel in New Jersey. East Gate Square is adjacent to the Moorestown Mall and is accessible from Interstate 295, Route 38, and Route 73.

neg: Westfarms Westfarms, sometimes referred to as Westfarms Mall, is an upscale shopping mall located seven miles (11 km) southwest of Hartford, Connecticut. The mall sits on the town line between Farmington and West Hartford, and takes its name from the two. The mall was developed, and is managed by, The Taubman Company. It is the third largest indoor mall in the state.

neg: Massachusetts Route 127 Route 127 is a north–south Massachusetts state route that runs from Beverly to Gloucester. Much of the route is in Cape Ann.

neg: Nicollet Mall Nicollet Mall is a twelve-block portion of Nicollet Avenue running through downtown Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States. It is the shopping and dining district of the city, and also a pedestrian and transit mall. Along with Hennepin Avenue to the west, Nicollet Mall forms a cultural and commercial center of Minneapolis.

neg: St. Lawrence Centre The St. Lawrence Centre is a shopping mall in Massena, New York, United States. It includes two anchor stores such as The Bon-Ton and J.C. Penney, a few locally owned stores, and a post office.

neg: Sunrise Mall (Corpus Christi) Sunrise Mall is a two-story, enclosed shopping mall in Corpus Christi, Texas. It is located at the intersection of Airline Dr. & S. Padre Island Drive. Anchor stores include Burlington Coat Factory, Sears and Wilcox Furniture. Other tenants include Cinemark Dollar Cinemas, Planet Fitness and New Life Church (formerly The Summit Church).

neg: South Coast Plaza South Coast Plaza is an upscale-luxury goods shopping mall in Costa Mesa, California. The largest mall on the West Coast of the United States, its sales of over $1.5 billion annually are the highest in the United States. Its 250 retailers represent the highest concentration of design fashion retail in the U.S, with the second highest sales-volume in California at 800 $/sqft —second only to Westfield Valley Fair in San Jose-Santa Clara, at 809 $/sqft . The national average is 411 $/sqft . The mall is anchored by three Macy's stores, Sears, Nordstrom, Bloomingdale's, and Saks Fifth Avenue.

neg: Brass Mill Center The Brass Mill Center is a shopping mall located in Waterbury, Connecticut. The mall and its accompanying complex, the Brass Mill Commons, cost $160 million to build. At 1180000 sqft , it is Connecticut's fifth largest mall, containing over 130 shops. It is located off Interstate 84 in Waterbury, Connecticut, just east of downtown.


query: Known as "The Bible of Baseball," which covered the end of Steve Dalkowski's Career?

pos: Steve Dalkowski Stephen Louis Dalkowski (born June 3, 1939), nicknamed Dalko, is an American retired left-handed pitcher. He is sometimes called the fastest pitcher in baseball history and had a fastball that probably exceeded 100 mph . Some experts believed it went as fast as 125 mph , others that his pitches traveled at 120 mph or less. As no radar gun or other device was available at games to measure the speed of his pitches precisely, the actual top speed of his pitches remains unknown. Regardless of its actual speed, his fastball earned him the nickname "White Lightning". Such was his reputation that despite never reaching the major leagues, and finishing his minor league years in class-B ball, the 1966 "Sporting News" item about the end of his career was headlined "LIVING LEGEND RELEASED."

pos: Sporting News Sporting News, originally The Sporting News (TSN), is an American sports website and former print magazine. It was established in 1886, and it became the dominant American publication covering baseball—so much so that it acquired the nickname "The Bible of Baseball." It is currently owned by Sporting News Media.

neg: For Love of the Game For Love of the Game is a novel by American author Michael Shaara, published posthumously in 1991. The book tells the story of fictional baseball great Billy Chapel, thirty-seven years old and nearing the end of his career.

neg: Jerry Denny Jeremiah Dennis Denny ("Jeremiah Dennis Eldridge"; March 16, 1859 in New York City – August 16, 1927 in Houston, Texas) was a third baseman in Major League Baseball. Denny holds the distinction of being the last Major League position player (non-pitcher) to play his entire career on the diamond without wearing a fielding glove.

neg: Dowd Report The Dowd Report is the document describing the transgressions of baseball player and manager Pete Rose in betting on baseball, which precipitated his agreement to a lifetime suspension from the sport in the United States. The 225-page report was prepared by Special Counsel to the Commissioner, John M. Dowd and was submitted to Commissioner Bart Giamatti in May 1989. The report, published in June 1989, was accompanied by seven volumes of exhibits, which included bank and telephone records, alleged betting records, expert reports, and transcripts of interviews with Rose and other witnesses.

neg: Steve Simpson (baseball) Steven Edward Simpson (August 30, 1948 – November 2, 1989) was an American professional baseball player whose career extended from 1970 through 1974.

neg: Ted Sepkowski Theodore Walter Sepkowski, born Szepkowski (November 9, 1923 – March 8, 2002) was an American professional baseball player.

neg: Ralph DiLullo Ralph S. DiLullo (March 31, 1911 – August 9, 1999) was a professional baseball player, manager and scout whose career in the sport spanned 60 years.

neg: Bruce Dal Canton John Bruce Dal Canton (June 15, 1941 – October 7, 2008) was a major league pitcher for the Pittsburgh Pirates (1967–70), Kansas City Royals (1971–75), Atlanta Braves (1975–76), and Chicago White Sox (1977). He was inducted into the California University of Pennsylvania Athletic Hall of Fame in 1995, and spent more than a decade as a coach in the Braves organization. From 1987-90, he was the Braves pitching coach.

neg: Steve Curry Stephen Thomas Curry (born September 13, 1965) is an American former starting pitcher in Major League Baseball who played briefly for the Boston Red Sox during the season. Listed at 6' 6", 217 lb., he batted and threw right-handed.

neg: Paul Lindblad Paul Aaron Lindblad (August 9, 1941 – January 1, 2006) was an American Major League Baseball left-handed middle-relief pitcher. During his career, he pitched primarily for the Kansas City Athletics and Oakland Athletics. At the time of his retirement in 1978, he had recorded the seventh-most appearances (655) of any left-hander in history.

neg: Rick Wise Richard Charles "Rick" Wise (born September 13, 1945) is a former professional baseball pitcher. A right-hander, he played in Major League Baseball for 18 seasons (1964, 1966–82), primarily as a starting pitcher. He was the winning pitcher for the Boston Red Sox in Game 6 of the 1975 World Series, considered by some to be the greatest Series game ever played.

neg: Steve Hertz (third baseman) Stephen Allan Hertz (born February 26, 1945) is a former Major League Baseball player. He is now manager of the Tel Aviv Lightning in the Israel Baseball League.

neg: Phil Mankowski Philip Anthony Mankowski (born January 9, 1953) is a former professional baseball third baseman. He played all or part of six seasons in Major League Baseball with the Detroit Tigers (1976–1979) and New York Mets (1980, 1982).

neg: Chad Bradford Chadwick Lee "Chad" Bradford (born September 14, 1974) is a former Major League Baseball (MLB) relief pitcher. He was well known for his extreme submarine-style pitching, and his success in MLB despite his unconventional delivery and the slow speed at which he threw the ball (his fastball was only in the mid 80-mph range). This led to him figuring prominently in the Michael Lewis book "Moneyball", which in 2011 was made into the film of the same title. Bradford is played by actor Casey Bond in the film.

neg: Billy Bean William Daro Bean (born May 11, 1964) is an American former professional baseball player. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) as an outfielder for the Detroit Tigers (1987–1989), Los Angeles Dodgers (1989), and San Diego Padres (1993–1995), as well as the Kintetsu Buffaloes of Nippon Professional Baseball in 1992.

neg: Seitz decision The Seitz decision was a ruling by arbitrator Peter Seitz (died October 17, 1983) on December 23, 1975, which declared that Major League Baseball (MLB) players became free agents upon playing one year for their team without a contract, effectively nullifying baseball's reserve clause. The ruling was issued in regard to pitchers Andy Messersmith and Dave McNally.

neg: Steve Zabriskie Steven Kenneth "Steve" Zabriskie (born May 13, 1947 in Palo Alto, CA) is a former American television sports announcer who is best known for calling Major League Baseball and College Football.

neg: Sammy Stewart Samuel Lee Stewart (born October 28, 1954) is an American former professional baseball player. He pitched in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1978 to 1987. Stewart had the best earned run average (ERA) in the American League (AL) in 1981 and he pitched in the postseason in 1979 and 1983. Stewart struggled with drug addiction after he retired from baseball; his addiction culminated in a prison term that ran from 2006 to 2013.

neg: Ron Santo Ronald Edward Santo (February 25, 1940 – December 3, 2010) was an American Major League Baseball (MLB) third baseman who played for the Chicago Cubs from 1960 through 1973 and the Chicago White Sox in 1974. In 1990, Santo became a member of the Cubs broadcasting team providing commentary for Cubs games on WGN radio and remained at that position until his death in 2010. In 1999, he was selected to the Cubs All-Century Team. He was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 2012.

neg: Johnny Pesky John Michael Pesky (born John Michael Paveskovich; February 27, 1919 – August 13, 2012), nicknamed "The Needle" and "Mr. Red Sox", was an American professional baseball player, manager and coach. He was a shortstop and third baseman during a ten-year major league playing career, appearing in 1,270 games played in 1942 and from 1946 to 1954 for three different teams. He missed the 1943–45 seasons while serving in World War II. Pesky was associated with the Boston Red Sox for 61 of his 73 years in baseball—from 1940 through June 3, 1952, 1961 through 1964, and from 1969 until his death. Pesky also managed the Red Sox from 1963 to 1964, and in September 1980.

neg: Kevin Elster Kevin Daniel Elster (born August 3, 1964) is an American former professional baseball shortstop. He played 13 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1986 to 2000 for the New York Mets, New York Yankees, Philadelphia Phillies, Texas Rangers, Pittsburgh Pirates. and Los Angeles Dodgers.


query: were Black Stone Cherry and Gene Loves Jezebel both british bands?

pos: Black Stone Cherry Black Stone Cherry is an American hard rock band, formed in 2001 in Edmonton, Kentucky. They were signed to Roadrunner Records until 2015; the band is now signed to Mascot Label Group. The band consists of Chris Robertson (lead vocals, lead guitar), Ben Wells (rhythm guitar, backing vocals), Jon Lawhon (bass guitar, backing vocals), and John Fred Young (drums, backing vocals). Black Stone Cherry has released five studio albums: "Black Stone Cherry" (2006), "Folklore and Superstition" (2008), "Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea" (2011), "Magic Mountain" (2014), and "Kentucky" (2016), as well as three EPs, and have charted eight singles on the US Mainstream Rock Tracks charts. The band's fifth album, "Kentucky" was released on April 1, 2016.

pos: Gene Loves Jezebel Gene Loves Jezebel (GLJ) are a British rock band formed in the early 1980s by identical twin brothers Jay Aston (born John Aston) and Michael. Gene Loves Jezebel's best-known songs include "Heartache", "Desire (Come and Get It)" (1986), "The Motion of Love" (1987), and "Jealous" (1990), as well as their broody dark alternative club hits "Bruises" (1983), "Influenza (Relapse)" (1984), and "The Cow" (1985). "Desire" (1985) was GLJ's most successful single in the UK.

neg: Europeans (band) Europeans were a new wave band formed in Bristol, England in 1977. The line-up was Jonathan Cole (formally of Colortapes, on vocals, guitar and synthesizers), Jon Klein (ex-Emergency Exit on lead guitar), Steve Street (ex-Public Enemy Number One on bass guitar) and James Cole (drums and percussion). According to Klein, ‘we were going to be called 'The Noses.' (They should not be confused with the similarly named The Europeans, a British band formed in 1981).

neg: Blackfoot (band) Blackfoot is an American Southern rock band from Jacksonville, Florida formed during 1970. Though they primarily play with a Southern rock style, they are also known as a hard rock act. The band's classic lineup consisted of guitarist and vocalist Rickey Medlocke, guitarist Charlie Hargrett, bassist Greg T. Walker, and drummer Jakson Spires.

neg: Little Fish (band) Little Fish was a British garage rock band from Oxford, United Kingdom, formed in 2006 by vocalist and guitarist Julia "Juju" Sophie Heslop and drummer Neil "Nez" Greenaway.

neg: Slade Alive! Slade Alive! is the first live album by the British rock band Slade. The album was released on 24 March 1972 and reached No. 2 on the UK Albums Chart, remaining in the chart for 58 weeks. It was Slade's first album to enter the UK charts and also the first to enter the "Billboard" 200 in the United States, where it reached No. 158. The album was produced by Chas Chandler.

neg: The Screaming Blue Messiahs The Screaming Blue Messiahs were a rock band, formed in 1983 in London by guitarist and singer Bill Carter, bass player and backing singer Chris Thompson and drummer Kenny Harris. The group emerged in the wake of the pub rock and punk scenes that had been very predominant on the UK capital's live music circuit during the late '70s/ early '80s. The band, a classic power trio, was active between 1983 and 1990 and released three major label LPs. They toured extensively throughout Europe, North America and Australasia, garnering wide critical acclaim for their aggressive blend of rhythm and blues, punk and rockabilly.

neg: List of Deep Purple band members Deep Purple are an English hard rock band from Hertford, Hertfordshire. Originally known as Roundabout, the group formed in March 1968 featuring vocalist Rod Evans, guitarist Ritchie Blackmore, bassist Nick Simper, drummer Ian Paice and keyboardist Jon Lord. This first lineup of the band, known as Mark I, released three albums within the space of a year – "Shades of Deep Purple", "The Book of Taliesyn" and "Deep Purple" – before Evans and Simper were fired from the band at the request of Blackmore and Lord. Mark II of Deep Purple saw Ian Gillan and Roger Glover replace Evans and Simper, respectively, in the summer of 1969. This lineup of the band has since been identified as their most successful, with their next four albums reaching the top four of the UK Albums Chart, including number-one albums "Fireball" and "Machine Head".

neg: The Bluetones The Bluetones are an English indie rock band, formed in Hounslow, Greater London, in 1993. The band's members are Mark Morriss on vocals, Adam Devlin on guitar, Scott Morriss on bass guitar, and Eds Chesters on drums. A fifth member, Richard Payne, came on board between 1998 and 2002. The band was originally named "The Bottlegarden".

neg: Money (band) MONEY are an English alternative rock band, formed in Manchester in 2011 by Jamie Lee, Charlie Cocksedge, Billy Byron and Nick Delap.

neg: Geordie (band) Geordie ( , "JOR-dee") were a British glam rock band from Newcastle upon Tyne, most notably active in the 1970s.

neg: The Long Blondes The Long Blondes were a five-piece English indie rock band formed in Sheffield, United Kingdom in 2003 by Dorian Cox (lead guitar and keyboards), Reenie Hollis (real name Kathryn Hollis) (bass guitar and backing vocals), Emma Chaplin (rhythm guitar, keyboards and backing vocals), Kate Jackson (lead vocals) and Screech Louder (real name Mark Turvey, drums).

neg: Ritchie Blackmore's Rainbow Ritchie Blackmore's Rainbow (sometimes stylised Ritchie Blackmore's R-A-I-N-B-O-W) is the first album by British rock band Rainbow, released in 1975.

neg: Jack de Keyzer Jack de Keyzer is a British-born Canadian blues guitarist, vocalist, songwriter and producer. He has twice won the Juno Award, Canada's highest musical honour, and seven times received Maple Blues Awards, including for Blues Album of the Year in 2000 and the Lifetime Achievement Award in 2001. "Real Blues Magazine" crowned him Live Act Of The Year in 2001, and has twice named him Guitarist of the Year.

neg: Graham Crabb Graham Crabb (born Graham Charles Crabb, 10 October 1964, Streetly, Warwickshire, England), also known as Crabbi, is a musician, best known for performing in the industrial/dance rock band, Pop Will Eat Itself (PWEI).

neg: Orphan Colours Orphan Colours is an English band formed by former Ahab members Steve "Seebs" Llewellyn and Dave Burn. They have been dubbed a "supergroup" because they are joined by former Noah and the Whale guitarist Fred Abbot, Danny and the Champions of the World drummer Steve Brookes and prominent member of the London folk revival scene Graham Knight.

neg: Stonebolt Stonebolt is a Canadian rock band from Vancouver, British Columbia. Their sound also included elements of pop and country.

neg: Lovestone (band) Lovestone are a Finnish rock band that formed during the summer of 1999 in Helsinki, Finland. Their genre is a mix of alternative rock, folk rock and psychedelic rock. Their influences are Led Zeppelin, The Doors, The Who and The Black Crowes.

neg: Fine Young Cannibals Fine Young Cannibals were a British band formed in Birmingham, England in 1984, by bassist David Steele, guitarist Andy Cox (both formerly of The Beat), and singer Roland Gift (formerly of the Akrylykz). Their self-titled 1985 debut album contained "Johnny Come Home" and a cover of "Suspicious Minds", two songs that were top 40 hits in the UK, Canada, Australia and many European countries. Their 1988 album, "The Raw & the Cooked", topped the UK and US album charts, and contained their two "Billboard" Hot 100 number ones: "She Drives Me Crazy" and "Good Thing".

neg: Black Sea (XTC album) Black Sea is the fourth studio album by the English band XTC, released on 12 September 1980. The album received positive reviews and spawned three UK hit singles.

neg: Stoner (bass guitarist) Stoner (born Colin Bentley) was an English rock musician, best known as the bass guitar player and vocalist with the art rock band Doctors of Madness (1974–1978), and later with the post-punk rock band Explorers, which he formed with T.V. Smith in 1980.

neg: We're Only Human We're Only Human (previously The Incredible Kidda Band and The Kicks) were a British powerpop and rock band, formed in London on 1 July 1981, and composed of Alan Hammonds (guitar and vocals), John Rollason (guitar and backing vocals), Keith Taylor (bass) and Mark "Tarky" Bates (drums and backing vocals).


query: Which of Lewis Teague's work  is a 1985 American anthology horror film?

pos: Lewis Teague Lewis Teague (born March 8, 1938) is an American film director, whose work includes "Alligator", "Cat's Eye", "Cujo", "The Jewel of the Nile", "", "Navy SEALs" and "Wedlock".

pos: Cat's Eye (1985 film) Cat's Eye (also known as "Stephen King's Cat's Eye") is a 1985 American anthology horror film directed by Lewis Teague and written by Stephen King. It comprises three stories, "Quitters, Inc.", "The Ledge", and "General". The first two are adaptations of short stories in King's "Night Shift" collection, and the third is unique to the film. The three stories are connected only by the presence of a traveling cat, which plays an incidental role in the first two and is a major character of the third.

neg: Naked Evil Naked Evil is a 1966 British horror film, written and directed by Stanley Goulder. It is based on the play "The Obi" written by Jon Manchip White. An American version of the film was released with the title Exorcism at Midnight, which combined tinted B/W footage from the original film with new color sequences with Lawrence Tierney.

neg: Shake, Rattle & Roll II Shake, Rattle & Roll II is a 1990 Philippine horror anthology film co-written and directed by Peque Gallaga and Lore Reyes. It is the second installment in the "Shake, Rattle & Roll" film series and the sequel to "Shake, Rattle & Roll". Produced under the banner of Regal Films, it is an official entry to the 1990 Metro Manila Film Festival.

neg: Warriors of the Apocalypse Warriors of the Apocalypse is a 1985 science fiction / action genre film, directed by Bobby A. Suarez.

neg: Pieces (film) Pieces (Original title: "Mil gritos tiene la noche"; translation: "The Night Has 1000 Screams") is a 1982 exploitation slasher film directed by Spanish filmmaker Juan Piquer Simon and stars Christopher George, Linda Day, Frank Braña, Edmund Purdom, Paul L. Smith, Ian Sera, and Jack Taylor. Set at a college campus, the film follows a murderer brutally killing many of the students and using their body parts to make a human jigsaw puzzle. Since its release, the film has attracted a cult following and has been a drive-in favorite.

neg: Fright Show Fright Show is a 1985 horror anthology film. Eddie Brill and Chris Phillips host four horror shorts titled "The Thing in the Basement", "Illegal Alien", "Nightfright", and "Dr. Dobermind". Each segment was directed by a separate director.

neg: Goosebumps (original series) Goosebumps is a series of children's horror fiction novellas created and authored by R. L. Stine. Sixty-two books were published under the "Goosebumps" umbrella title from 1992 to 1997, the first being "Welcome to Dead House", and the last being "Monster Blood IV". Twenty-two of the books were reprinted under the "Classic Goosebumps" title with brand new cover designs and special bonus material, including interviews with the author. Nine were also made into comic books under the "Goosebumps Graphix" title. These were released in three groups: "Creepy Creatures", "Terror Trips", and "Scary Summer". There were also two hardcover reprint collections: "Goosebumps Collection" and "Monster Edition". Nine books were released under the "Goosebumps Collection" title and were split into three groups: "Living Dummy Collection", "Campfire Collection", and "Monster Blood Collection". Another twelve books were released under the "Monster Edition" title and were split into four groups, the first three of which were simply numbered while the fourth was called "Fright Light Edition". Some of the books were also adapted for television.

neg: The Best Horror of the Year: Volume Four The Best Horror of the Year: Volume Four (ISBN  ) is a horror fiction anthology edited by Ellen Datlow that was published on May 1, 2012. It is the fourth in "The Best Horror of the Year" series.

neg: Dark Heritage Dark Heritage (UK: "Dark Heritage: The Final Descendant") is a 1989 American horror film produced and directed by David McCormick. It is an unofficial adaptation of H. P. Lovecraft's short story "The Lurking Fear" and the first of three film adaptations of H.P Lovecraft's short story.

neg: Dolls (1987 film) Dolls is a 1987 Italian-American horror film directed by Stuart Gordon, produced by Charles Band and Brian Yuzna and was written by Ed Naha. It stars Stephen Lee, Guy Rolfe, Hilary Mason, Ian Patrick Williams and Bunty Bailey. In the film, during a harsh thunderstorm, a group of six people arrives at the mansion of an old puppetmaker and his wife. The film eventually reveals that the puppetmaker's puppets in the house are actually cursed immoral people who had been killed and imprisoned in puppet bodies for years in order to pay for their crimes.

neg: Dragons of Darkness Dragons of Darkness (1981) is an anthology edited by Orson Scott Card. It contains fifteen stories, two of which were written by Card himself. The two stories by Card are "Middle Woman" and "A Plague of Butterflies". Both of them were later published in Card's collection "Maps in a Mirror.

neg: Dr. Chopper Dr. Chopper is a 2005 American horror film directed by Lewis Schoenbrun. The plot centers on five young friends who, while heading for vacation at a family cabin, encounter a notorious motorcycle-riding serial killer Dr. Fielding (Ed Brigadier) and his two cannibalistic female assistants, who murder and dismember people in search of body parts which Dr. Chopper uses as replacements for his own in order to extend his life.

neg: Ice Elves Ice Elves is an adventure for fantasy role-playing games published by Mayfair Games in 1985.

neg: Weird Tales 1 Weird Tales #1 is an anthology edited by Lin Carter, the first in his paperback revival of the classic fantasy and horror magazine "Weird Tales". It is also numbered vol. 48, no. 1 (Spring 1981) in continuation of the numbering of the original magazine. The anthology was first published in paperback by American publisher Zebra Books in December 1980, and reprinted in 1983.

neg: Halloween (1978 film) Halloween is a 1978 American slasher film directed and scored by John Carpenter, co-written with producer Debra Hill, and starring Donald Pleasence and Jamie Lee Curtis in her film debut. The film is the first installment of the "Halloween" franchise. In the film, on Halloween night in 1963, Michael Myers murders his sister in the fictional Midwestern town of Haddonfield, Illinois. He escapes on October 30, 1978 from Smith's Grove Sanitarium, and returns home to kill again. Michael's psychiatrist, Dr. Sam Loomis, knowing Michael's intentions, gives chase. The next day, Halloween, Michael stalks teenager Laurie Strode.

neg: The Stuff The Stuff (also known as Larry Cohen's The Stuff) is a 1985 American satirical science fiction horror film written, produced, and directed by Larry Cohen and starring Michael Moriarty, Garrett Morris, Andrea Marcovicci, and Paul Sorvino. It was also the last film of noted actor Alexander Scourby.

neg: The Roost The Roost is an American 2005 horror film directed by Ti West. Zombies and homicidal bats terrorize four teenagers stranded on a mysterious farm.

neg: Alice Drummond Alice Elizabeth Drummond (née Ruyter, May 21, 1928 – November 30, 2016) was an American actress. A veteran Off-Broadway performer, in 1970, she was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play for her performance as Mrs. Lee in "The Chinese" by Murray Schisgal. Despite her extensive acting career, she is most well known as the librarian in the opening scenes in the 1984 horror-comedy "Ghostbusters".

neg: Dark Forces (book) Dark Forces: New Stories of Suspense and Supernatural Horror is an anthology of 23 original horror stories, first published by The Viking Press in 1980 and as a paperback by Bantam Books in 1981. It was edited by New York City literary agent Kirby McCauley. "Dark Forces" won the World Fantasy award for best anthology/collection in 1981 and is celebrated in an essay by Christopher Golden in "Horror: Another 100 Best Books", edited by Stephen Jones and Kim Newman.

neg: CBS Children's Mystery Theatre CBS Children's Mystery Theatre was an American television anthology series aimed at teens and pre-teens. A total of five episodes were produced by and aired on CBS from 1980-83. Episode titles were "The Treasure of Alpheus T. Winterborn","The Haunting of Harrington House", "Mystery of Fire Island", "The Zertigo Diamond Caper", and "Dirkham Detective Agency".

neg: The Fog (2005 film) The Fog is a 2005 American supernatural horror film directed by Rupert Wainwright and starring Tom Welling, Selma Blair and Maggie Grace. It is a remake of John Carpenter's 1980 film of the same name and was produced by Carpenter and Debra Hill who co-wrote the original film. The film's narrative follows a strange fog that sweeps in over an island town in the coast of Oregon; it brings vindictive apparitions of mariners who were murdered there 134 years prior. The townspeople find themselves trapped and fighting for their lives while investigating the truth of their history.


query: Which NCAA Division I collegiate athletic conference did the 2016 Washington State Cougars football team play in?

pos: 2016 Washington State Cougars football team The 2016 Washington State Cougars football team represented Washington State University during the 2016 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The team was coached by fifth-year head coach Mike Leach and played their home games at Martin Stadium in Pullman, Washington. They were members of the North Division of the Pac-12 Conference. They finished the season 8–5, 7–2 in Pac-12 play to finish in second place in the North Division. They were invited to the Holiday Bowl where they were defeated by Minnesota.

pos: Pac-12 Conference The Pac-12 Conference (officially the Pacific-12 Conference) is a collegiate athletic conference that operates in the Western United States, participating in 22 sports at the NCAA Division I level. Its football teams compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS; formerly Division I-A), the higher of two tiers of NCAA Division I football competition.

neg: Washington State Cougars football The Washington State Cougars football program is the intercollegiate American football team for Washington State University, located in the U.S. state of Washington. The team competes at the NCAA Division I level in the FBS and is a member of the North Division of the Pac-12 Conference (Pac-12). Known as the Cougars, the first football team was fielded in 1894.

neg: Northern Pacific Conference The Northern Pacific Conference was a name for two collegiate athletic conferences in the western United States. The first was for college baseball (1975–1981) and the second was a women's collegiate athletic conference made up of teams in Northern California, Oregon, and Washington. That league was formed in 1982, at the same time that the NCAA became the sole sponsor of major-college women's sports. Members had previously competed in the NorCal Conference and the northwest region of the AIAW. The Northern Pacific Conference met its demise in 1986-87, when the Pac-10 Conference began sponsoring women's sports.

neg: 2016 BYU Cougars women's volleyball team The 2016 BYU Cougars women's volleyball team will represent Brigham Young University in the 2016 NCAA Division I women's volleyball season. The Cougars are led by second year head coach Heather Olmstead and play their home games at the Smith Fieldhouse. The Cougars are members of the WCC.

neg: Azusa Pacific Cougars The Azusa Pacific Cougars are the 17 varsity athletic teams that represent Azusa Pacific University, located in Azusa, California, in NCAA Division II intercollegiate sports. The Cougars compete as members of the Pacific West Conference for most sports except football (Great Northwest Athletic Conference), women's swimming and diving (Pacific Coast Swimming and Diving Conference), and women's water polo (Golden Coast Conference). Prior to the 2012-13 academic year, the Cougars competed in the Golden State Athletic Conference as part of the NAIA. On July 11, 2011 Azusa Pacific began the three-year transition process to becoming a member of the NCAA. At that time, they joined the Pacific West Conference of NCAA Division II and became a football-only member of the Great Northwest Athletic Conference.

neg: Western Carolina Catamounts The Western Carolina Catamounts are the athletic teams of Western Carolina University. The Catamounts compete in the NCAA Division I Southern Conference. Western fields sixteen varsity sports teams. The Catamount football team competes in Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS).

neg: New Mexico State Aggies football The New Mexico State Aggies football team represents New Mexico State University in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) college football as a member of the Sun Belt Conference. Although New Mexico State remains a member of the Western Athletic Conference (WAC) for other sports, the WAC ceased to offer football as a sport after the 2012 season due to a realignment in which most of its football-playing members left for other conferences.

neg: 1986 Washington State Cougars football team The 1986 Washington State Cougars football team was an American football team that represented Washington State University in the Pacific-10 Conference (Pac-10) during the 1986 NCAA Division I-A football season. In their ninth season under head coach Jim Walden, the Cougars compiled a 3–7–1 record (2–6–1 against Pac-10 opponents), finished in eighth place in the Pac-10, and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 312 to 221.

neg: 2016–17 Washington State Cougars men's basketball team 2016–17 Washington State Cougars men's basketball team

neg: The Dam Cup The Dam Cup is an American college football rivalry in the Pacific Northwest between the Eastern Washington Eagles and the Portland State Vikings. Both are members of the Big Sky Conference in the Football Championship Subdivision of NCAA Division I.

neg: 1974 Washington State Cougars football team The 1974 Washington State Cougars football team was an American football team that represented Washington State University in the Pacific-8 Conference (Pac-8) during the 1974 NCAA Division I football season. In their seventh season under head coach Jim Sweeney, the Cougars compiled a 2–9 record (1–6 against Pac-8 opponents), finished in seventh place in the Pac-8, and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 272 to 162.

neg: 2016 Missouri State Bears football team The 2016 Missouri State Bears football team represented Missouri State University in the 2016 NCAA Division I FCS football season. They were led by second-year head coach Dave Steckel and played their home games at the Plaster Sports Complex. They were a member of the Missouri Valley Football Conference. They finished the season 4–7, 2–6 in MVFC play to finish in a three-way tie for eighth place.

neg: 2016 Washburn Ichabods football team The 2016 Washburn Ichabods football team represented Washburn University in the 2016 NCAA Division II football season. The Ichabods played their home games on Foster Field in Yager Stadium at Moore Bowl in Topeka, Kansas, as they have done since 1928. 2016 was the 126th season in school history. The Ichabods were led by fifteenth-year head coach, Craig Schurig. Washburn has been a member of the Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletics Association since 1989.

neg: 1971 Washington State Cougars football team The 1971 Washington State Cougars football team was an American football team that represented Washington State University in the Pacific-8 Conference (Pac-8) during the 1971 college football season. Led by fourth-year head coach Jim Sweeney, they compiled a 4–7 record (2–5 against Pac-8 opponents), finished seventh in the Pac-8, and were outscored by a combined total of 286 to 246.

neg: 2016 Eastern Washington Eagles football team The 2016 Eastern Washington Eagles football team represented Eastern Washington University in the 2016 NCAA Division I FCS football season. They were led by head coach Beau Baldwin, who was in his ninth season with Eastern Washington. The Eagles played their home games at Roos Field in Cheney, Washington and were a member of the Big Sky Conference. They finished the season 12–2, 8–0 in Big Sky play to share the conference championship with North Dakota. They received the automatic bid into the FCS Playoffs where they defeated Central Arkansas and Richmond in the second round and quarterfinals, before losing to Youngstown State in the semifinals.

neg: 2012 Western Athletic Conference football season The 2012 Western Athletic Conference football season was the 51st and final college football season for the Western Athletic Conference. Seven teams competed in the 2012 season: Idaho, Louisiana Tech, New Mexico State, San Jose State, Texas State, Utah State, and UTSA. Utah State went undefeated against its conference opponents to become the final WAC conference champion. It was also chosen to represent the WAC in one of its two bowl berths; conference runner-up San Jose State was chosen to fill the conference's other bowl berth.

neg: 2016 NCAA Division I Women's Soccer Tournament The 2016 NCAA Division I Women's Soccer Tournament (also known as the 2016 Women's College Cup) was the 35th annual single-elimination tournament to determine the national champion of NCAA Division I women's collegiate soccer. The semifinals and championship game were played at Avaya Stadium in San Jose, California from December 2–4, 2016 while the preceding rounds were played at various sites across the country during November 2016.

neg: 2016 Big Sky Conference football season The 2016 Big Sky Conference football season is the 53rd season of college football play for the Big Sky Conference and is a part of the 2016 NCAA Division I FCS football season.

neg: 2016 Atlantic Coast Conference football season The 2016 Atlantic Coast Conference football season will be the 64th season of college football play for the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC). It will be played from September 2016 to January 2017. The Atlantic Coast Conference consists of 14 members in two divisions. The Atlantic Division consists of Boston College, Clemson, Florida State, Louisville, North Carolina State, Syracuse, and Wake Forest. The Coastal Division consists of Duke, Georgia Tech, Miami, North Carolina, Pittsburgh, Virginia, and Virginia Tech. The two division champions will meet on December 3 in the 2016 ACC Championship Game. The game was originally scheduled to be played at Bank of America Stadium in Charlotte, North Carolina, but on September 14 the conference announced that the game would be moved to a neutral venue outside of North Carolina due to the controversy surrounding the Public Facilities Privacy & Security Act (commonly known as House Bill 2, or HB2).

neg: Martin Stadium Martin Stadium is an outdoor athletic stadium in the northwest United States, on the campus of Washington State University in Pullman, Washington. It is the home field of the Washington State Cougars of the Pac-12 Conference. Martin Stadium has used artificial turf since its inception in 1972 and changed to infilled FieldTurf in 2000.

neg: 1993 Washington State Cougars football team The 1993 Washington State Cougars football team was an American football team that represented Washington State University in the Pacific-10 Conference (Pac-10) during the 1993 NCAA Division I-A football season. In their fifth season under head coach Mike Price, the Cougars compiled a 5–6 record (3–5 against Pac-10 opponents), finished in seventh place in the Pac-10, and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 271 to 248.


query: What road forms the eastern boundary of the inner northern suburb of the capital city of South Australia?

pos: Fitzroy, South Australia Fitzroy is an inner northern suburb of Adelaide 4 km from the Adelaide city centre, in the state of South Australia, Australia within the City of Prospect. It is adjacent to North Adelaide, Prospect, Ovingham and Thorngate. The post code for Fitzroy is 5082. It is bounded to the west by Cotton Street, to the south by Fitzroy Terrace, in the east by Prospect Road and the north by Avenue Road. Fitzroy is essentially a residential suburb, overlooking the North Adelaide Parklands.

pos: Prospect, South Australia Prospect is an inner northern suburb of Adelaide, the capital city of South Australia.

neg: Sydney Road, Melbourne Sydney Road (in its northernmost part also known as the Hume Highway) is a major urban arterial in the northern suburbs of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

neg: Brompton, South Australia Brompton is an inner-northern suburb of Adelaide, South Australia in the City of Charles Sturt.

neg: Thorngate, South Australia Thorngate is an inner northern suburb of Adelaide, South Australia. It is located in the City of Prospect.

neg: Nantawarra, South Australia Nantawarra is a locality in South Australia located about 120 km north of the Adelaide city centre and within the local government area known as the Wakefield Regional Council. The locality occupies land on both sides of Highway 1 between Port Wakefield in the south and Snowtown in the north. Nantawarra is recognisable from a distance by the presence of grain silos immediately just east of the Adelaide-Port Augusta railway line. The name Nantawarra may derive from the word "nantuwara" (meaning a northern yerta, or family group) in Kaurna, the language of the indigenous people of this part of South Australia.

neg: Malvern, South Australia Malvern is an inner-southern suburb of Adelaide in the City of Unley. It borders adjacent suburbs of Unley and Parkside to the north, Highgate to the east, Kingswood to the south and Unley Park to the west. Many Malvern streets are populated with jacaranda trees, a non-native evergreen tree species, giving a shady aspect to the area in conjunction with the predominant architectural style of single-storey colonial iron wrought residential buildings and Australian villas.

neg: Woodville Park, South Australia Woodville Park is a suburb in the northwestern suburbs of Adelaide, South Australia, around 8 km from the city centre. Woodville Park is bordered to the north by Torrens Road, to the east by Kilkenny Road and David Terrace, to the south by Port Road and to the west by Park Street.

neg: Hillier, South Australia Hillier is a northern suburb of Adelaide, South Australia. It is located in the Town of Gawler.

neg: Hyde Park, South Australia Hyde Park is an inner-southern suburb of Adelaide in the City of Unley.

neg: Farrar, Northern Territory Farrar is an outer eastern suburb of Palmerston. It is 21 km SE of the Darwin CBD. Its Local Government Area is the City of Palmerston. Farrar is bounded to the north and east by the Stuart Highway, to the west Roystonea Avenue. Farrar was originally part of the Gunn when Palmerston was divided into suburbs in 1984.

neg: Cooks Hill, New South Wales Cooks Hill is an inner city suburb of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia. It is typified by its tree lined streets, rows of Victorian terrace housing, turn of the century timber cottages and corner pubs.

neg: Warrigal Road Warrigal Road is a major inner urban road in southeastern Melbourne, Australia. On weekdays, it is heavily trafficked as it runs through many major suburbs along its route, traversing Melbourne's inner eastern and south-eastern suburbs. This includes suburbs Chadstone, Oakleigh, and Cheltenham. The Chadstone Shopping Centre can be accessed directly from Warrigal Road at its eastern entrance. It carries Metropolitan Route Number 15 for its entire length, and formerly contained Route Number 14 between Kingston Road and South Road before that route was diverted onto the South Road-Kingston Road section of the new Dingley Bypass that opened in 2016.

neg: Elizabeth Vale, South Australia Elizabeth Vale is a suburb in the northern extent of Adelaide, South Australia. It was established in 1955. Its main roads are Main North Road to the east and John Rice Avenue which bisects the suburb. The southern boundary is the northern bank of the Little Para River.

neg: Devon Park, South Australia Devon Park is an inner northern suburb of Adelaide, South Australia. It is located in the cities of Port Adelaide Enfield and Charles Sturt beside the Gawler Central railway line near, but not meeting, the intersection of Torrens Road and Churchill Road.

neg: St Georges Road, Melbourne St Georges Road is a main road in the inner northern suburbs of Melbourne, which passes through the suburbs of Fitzroy North, Northcote, Thornbury and Preston. The road is designated State Route 45 for its entire length, although carries State Route 38 for approximately 500 metres as it crosses Merri Creek.

neg: Paralowie, South Australia Paralowie is a suburb in the north of Adelaide, South Australia. It is predominantly a residential suburb.

neg: Ginninderra Drive Ginninderra Drive is a major arterial road in the northern suburbs of Canberra, the capital city of Australia. The road provides an important access corridor to facilities including the Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra Stadium, the University of Canberra and Belconnen Town Centre. It is built to a dual carriageway standard carrying two or three traffic lanes in each direction for most of its length, with a speed limit of 80 km/h . A short section from Charnwood to Dunlop is single carriageway with a speed limit of 60 km/h . The road follows a generally westward alignment from an intersection with Mouat Street in the suburb of Lyneham. A grade separated interchange is provided at Gungahlin Drive. The road passes over Lake Ginninderra north of Belconnen Town Centre and continues towards Kingsford Smith Drive in the West Belconnen area. Beyond Tillyard Drive in the suburb of Charnwood, the road becomes single carriageway until its terminus in Dunlop, a developing suburb generating comparatively light traffic. Original plans for the road included a direct connection from Mouat Street to Northbourne Avenue via a corridor between Southwell Park and the Yowani Golf Course however there are no plans to construct this section, evidenced by the removal of the corridor from the planning scheme in 1998.

neg: Mickleham Road, Melbourne Mickleham Road is a secondary road located in Victoria, Australia, north of Melbourne.

neg: Brown Hill Creek, South Australia Brown Hill Creek is a south-eastern suburb of Adelaide in the City of Mitcham in South Australia, named after the eponymous Brown Hill Creek.

neg: Division of Adelaide The Division of Adelaide is an Australian electoral division in South Australia and is named for the city of Adelaide, South Australia's capital. The 76 km² seat is centred on the Adelaide city centre and spans from Grand Junction Road in the north to Cross Road in the south and from Portrush Road in the east to South Road in the west, taking in suburbs including Ashford, Clarence Park, Enfield, Goodwood, Kent Town, Keswick, Kilburn, Maylands, Northgate, Norwood, Parkside, Prospect, Rose Park, St Peters, Toorak Gardens, Unley and Walkerville.

neg: East Point, Northern Territory East Point is an inner northern section of the city of Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.


query: Torrent Falls is near a canyon system on the Red River that is geologically part of what?

pos: Torrent Falls Torrent Falls is a landmark outdoor residential property near the small community of Torrent, Kentucky, USA, which is near Natural Bridge State Park, Red River Gorge and Daniel Boone National Forest in Kentucky. At one time, a health and vacation resort for the wealthy, it has a striking waterfall, both traditional and sport rock climbing, a loop trail and cabins available for vacation rentals on this private property.

pos: Red River Gorge The Red River Gorge is a canyon system on the Red River in east-central Kentucky. Geologically, it is part of the Pottsville Escarpment.

neg: Grande Ronde Valley The Grande Ronde Valley is part of the Columbia River Plateau. The Columbia River Plateau was created by a series of basalt flood eruptions. These happen when a long crack in the Earth's crust spews floods of lava. The molten rock then hardens and creates layers of basalt. The Grande Ronde Valley floor began to sink from this plateau at a rate of about .07-.18 millimeters per year about nine million years ago.

neg: Arches National Park Arches National Park is a US National Park in eastern Utah. The park is adjacent to the Colorado River, 4 mi north of Moab, Utah. It is home to over 2,000 natural sandstone arches, including the world-famous Delicate Arch, in addition to a variety of unique geological resources and formations. It contains the highest density of natural arches in the world.

neg: Horse Lava Tube System The Horse Lava Tube System (or Horse system) is a series of lava tubes within Deschutes County, Oregon, of the United States. The system starts within the Deschutes National Forest on the northern flank of Newberry Volcano and heads north into and near the city of Bend. The system continues north again to Redmond at the Redmond Caves and into the Redmond Canyon, where the last known segment is known to exist; however, the basalt flow that created the system goes beyond to Crooked River Ranch and terminates just short of the Crooked River Gorge. The lava flow that created the Horse system is also referred to as the Horse Cave lobe and it filled the ancient channel of the Deschutes River which at that time flowed around the east side of Pilot Butte. The Horse Cave lobe is a part of the basalt of Lava Top Butte which also consists of the Arnold Lava Tube System, the Badlands rootless shield, and the Lava Top butte basalt. All have a geologic age around 80,000 years old.

neg: Canyon Group The Canyon Group is a geologic group in Texas. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

neg: Kaiparowits Formation The Kaiparowits Formation is a sedimentary rock formation found in the Kaiparowits Plateau in Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, in the southern part of Utah in the western United States. It is over 2800 feet (850 m) thick, and is Campanian in age. This Upper Cretaceous formation was formed from alluvial floodplains of large rivers in coastal southern Laramidia; sandstone beds are the deposit of rivers, and mudstone beds represent floodplain deposits. It is fossiliferous, with most specimens from the lower half of the formation, but exploration is only comparatively recent, with most work being done since 1982. It has been estimated that less than 10% of the Kaiparowits formation has been explored for fossils. Most fieldwork has been conducted by The Natural History Museum of Utah.

neg: Murray River National Park Murray River National Park is a protected area in South Australia located between 180 km and 240 km north east of the Adelaide city centre. The national park was proclaimed in 1972 "to conserve a significant proportion of South Australia’s floodplain environments which are not represented widely in other reserve systems." The national park consists of three sections adjoining the Murray River and extending from near Loxton in the south west to near Renmark in the north-east. The first which is known as the ‘Katarapko’ section is located on the north side of the river between Loxton in the south and Berri in the north. The second section which is known as the ‘Lyrup Flats’ section is located on the north side of the river midway between Berri and Loxton. The third section is known as the ‘Bulyong’ section is located on the west side of the river upstream from Renmark. The national park is classified as an IUCN Category VI protected area.

neg: Subterranean waterfall A subterranean waterfall or underground waterfall is a waterfall located underground, usually in a cave or mine. They are a common feature in cave systems where there are vertical or near vertical geological structures for the weathering process to exploit, and sufficient gradient between the sink and the rising. The highest known subterranean waterfall is in Vrtoglavica Cave in Slovenia, and is at least 400 m . A renowned example in the United States is Ruby Falls, 44 m high, in Lookout Mountain Caverns, a show cave in Tennessee.

neg: Mid-Continent Region (North America) The Mid-Continent Region of the United States is a physiographic province that extends from northern Texas and covers portions of Nebraska, Kansas and Oklahoma. This area is a transition between the Eastern Plains and drier, short grass prairies of the Great Plains Region. It is bounded by the Mississippi River on the east and the Missouri River on the west and consists of generally low-relief, flat-lying marine and stream deposits from the Mesozoic and Cenozoic Eras. Geologically, the area is tectonically stable and part of the continental core. It has been impacted by structural folding, faulting, deformation, erosion and sedimentation from the ancient, eroded mountains of the Ouachita-Ozark Highlands in the southern portion of the region. The region has significant oil and gas production in the Arbuckle, Arkoma, Nemaha Uplift, and Ouachita Mountain areas, but lacks production and has little exploration outside of these areas.

neg: Picture Canyon (Colorado) Picture Canyon, located in the Comanche National Grassland in southeastern Colorado, was named for its prehistoric rock art. There is evidence of prehistoric inhabitation of sites in Picture Canyon by Paleo-Indian, Archaic and Post-Archaic cultures, from about 12,000 years ago to 400 years ago. In addition to rock art, there are also carvings in walls that are used to identify the entry into fall and spring equinoxes.

neg: Río Negro (Chaco Province) Río Negro (Spanish for "black river") is a river in the Chaco Province in Argentina. It crosses the Chaco National Park and flows southeast. Near its mouth it flows by the cities of Puerto Tirol, Resistencia, and Barranqueras, where it finally reaches Barranqueras River, an arm of the Paraná River.

neg: List of Colorado River rapids and features The following is a list of major rapids and other notable features on the Colorado River through Marble Canyon and Grand Canyon below Glen Canyon Dam, in order of their position downstream of Lee's Ferry. Ratings are given for how difficult the rapid is to navigate by whitewater raft or other water craft. The Grand Canyon section of the Colorado River, like several other big-water Western rivers, uses a scale of 1-10 for rapids, 10 being the most difficult. The International Scale of River Difficulty, which classifies rapids from class I to VI, is more common elsewhere in the US and internationally.

neg: Mesa Verde region The Mesa Verde Region is a portion of the Colorado Plateau in the United States that extends through parts of New Mexico, Colorado and Utah. It is bounded by the San Juan River to the south, the Piedra River to the east, the San Juan Mountains to the north and the Colorado River to the west.

neg: Fish Canyon Tuff The Fish Canyon Tuff is the large volcanic ash flow deposit resulting from one of the largest known explosive eruptions on Earth, estimated at 5,000 cubic kilometers. (see List of largest volcanic eruptions) The eruption was centered at La Garita Caldera in southwest Colorado. The tuff can be assured to belong to one eruption due to its high chemical consistency (SiO=bulk 67.5–68.5% (dacite), matrix 75–76% (rhyolite) and consistent phenocryst content (35–50%) and composition (plagioclase, sanidine, quartz, biotite, hornblende, sphene, apatite, zircon, Fe-Ti oxides are the primary phenocrysts). This tuff and eruption is part of the larger San Juan volcanic field and Mid-Tertiary ignimbrite flare-up.

neg: Burro Canyon Formation The Burro Canyon Formation is an Early Cretaceous Period sedimentary geologic formation, found in western Colorado, the Chama Basin and eastern San Juan Basin of northern New Mexico, and in eastern Utah.

neg: Piceance Basin The Piceance Basin is a geologic structural basin in northwestern Colorado, in the United States. It includes geologic formations from Cambrian to Holocene in age, but the thickest section is made up of rocks from the Cretaceous Period. The basin contains reserves of coal, natural gas, and oil shale.

neg: Red River of the North The Red River (French: Rivière rouge or Rivière Rouge du Nord , American English: Red River of the North) is a North American river. Originating at the confluence of the Bois de Sioux and Otter Tail rivers between the U.S. states of Minnesota and North Dakota, it flows northward through the Red River Valley, forming the border of Minnesota and North Dakota and continuing into Manitoba, Canada. It empties into Lake Winnipeg, whose waters join the Nelson River and ultimately flow into the Hudson Bay.

neg: Red Sandstone Red sandstone is sandstone appearing red due to the inclusion of iron oxides (hematite). Red Sandstone may also refer to:

neg: Moenkopi Formation The Moenkopi Formation is a geological formation that is spread across the U.S. states of New Mexico, northern Arizona, Nevada, southeastern California, eastern Utah and western Colorado. This unit is considered to be a group in Arizona. Part of the Colorado Plateau and Basin and Range, this red sandstone was laid down in the Lower Triassic and possibly part of the Middle Triassic, around 240 million years ago.

neg: Nevada Basin The Nevada Basin is the Great Basin area surrounded by river basins and, to the east, the Great Salt Lake basin (Pleistocene Lake Bonneville basin). The bounding river basins include those of the following (clockwise from south-southeast): Sevier River, Muddy River (Meadow Valley Wash, White River), Las Vegas Wash, Colorado River, Mojave River, Amargosa River, Owens River, Lake Lahontan basin (Walker River, Carson River, Humboldt River, Reese River), and Snake River. The 1850 diagonal California state lines with the Utah Territory & New Mexico Territory are along the general direction of the Nevada Basin's southwest drainage divide (rim), while the north-to-south rim on the east is through the area of the three meridians (1861, 1862, & current 1864) used for the Nevada-Utah state line.

neg: Grand Canyon The Grand Canyon (Hopi: "Ongtupqa"; Yavapai: "Wi:kaʼi:la" , Navajo: "Tsékooh Hatsoh", Spanish: "Gran Cañón") is a steep-sided canyon carved by the Colorado River in Arizona, United States. The Grand Canyon is 277 mi long, up to 18 mi wide and attains a depth of over a mile (6093 ft ).


query: What was the first car that was equipped with TTC in 1975 which includes the word that is Latin for "crown"?

pos: Toyota TTC Toyota TTC stands for Toyota Total Clean System, a moniker used in Japan to identify vehicles built with emission control technology. The technology was installed so that their vehicles would be in compliance with Japanese Government emission regulations passed in 1968. The term was first introduced in Japan, with an externally mounted badge on the trunk of vehicles equipped. The technology first appeared in January 1975 on the Toyota Crown, the Toyota Corona Mark II, the Toyota Corona, the Toyota Carina, the Toyota Corolla, and the Toyota Sprinter. There were three different versions initially introduced, called TTC-C for Catalyst, installing a catalytic converter, TTC-V for Vortex, installing an exhaust gas recirculation valve, and TTC-L which used a lean burn method. As Toyota's technology evolved the three systems were eventually incorporated together in future models.

pos: Toyota Corona The Toyota Corona (Japanese: トヨタ・コロナ ) was an automobile manufactured by the Japanese automaker Toyota between 1957 and 2003. Traditionally, the competitor from Nissan was the Nissan Bluebird. The word ""corona"" is Latin for "crown", a reference to an earlier vehicle Toyota offered called the Toyota Crown. It was exclusive to "Toyopet Store" dealership channels in Japan, while the larger Crown was available only at "Toyota Store" locations.

neg: Porsche 914 The Porsche 914 or VW-Porsche 914 is a mid-engined, targa-topped two-seater roadster designed sports car manufactured and marketed collaboratively by Volkswagen and Porsche from 1969 to 1976.

neg: Packard Patrician The Packard Patrician is an automobile which was built by the Packard Motor Car Company of Detroit, Michigan, from model years 1951 through the 1956. During its six years in production, the Patrician was built in Packard's Detroit facilities on East Grand Boulevard. The word "patrician" is Latin for a ruling class in Ancient Rome.

neg: Hillman Avenger The Hillman Avenger is a rear-wheel drive small family car originally manufactured by the former Rootes division of Chrysler Europe from 1970–1978, badged from 1976 onward as the Chrysler Avenger. Between 1979 and 1981 it was manufactured by PSA Peugeot Citroën and badged as the Talbot Avenger. The Avenger was marketed in North America as the Plymouth Cricket.

neg: Cadillac DTS The Cadillac DTS (DeVille Touring Sedan or D-Series Touring Sedan) is a full-size luxury notchback sedan that was produced by Cadillac. The DTS replaced the Cadillac DeVille as Cadillac's largest luxury car for the 2006 model year. This renaming followed new nomenclature conventions set by the earlier CTS and STS.

neg: Chrysler Sunbeam The Chrysler Sunbeam is a small supermini three-door hatchback manufactured by Chrysler Europe at the former Rootes Group factory in Linwood in Scotland from 1977 to 1981. The Sunbeam's development was funded by a British government grant with the aim of keeping the Linwood plant running, and the small car was based on the larger Hillman Avenger, also manufactured there. After the takeover of Chrysler's European operations by PSA, the model was renamed "Talbot Sunbeam" and continued in production until 1981. A Talbot Sunbeam Lotus version was successful in rallying and won the World Rally Championship manufacturers' title for Talbot in 1981.

neg: Tatra 80 Tatra 80 is an automobile from Tatra designed by Hans Ledwinka in 1931. It was Tatra's flagship product at the time, powered by water-cooled 5991 cc V12 engine, including the familiar backbone chassis and swing axle suspension. With engine power of 120 bhp the car has top speed of 140 km/h .

neg: McLaren 12C The McLaren MP4-12C, later known simply as the McLaren 12C, is a sports car designed and manufactured by McLaren Automotive. It is the first production car wholly designed and built by McLaren since the McLaren F1, which ended production in 1998. The car's final design was unveiled in September 2009, and was launched in mid-2011.

neg: Lexus LX The Lexus LX (Japanese: レクサス・LX, "Rekusasu LX") is a full-size luxury sport utility vehicle (SUV) sold by Lexus since January 1996 having entered manufacture in November 1995. Three generations have been produced, all based heavily on the long-running Toyota Land Cruiser SUVs. The first generation LX 450 started production in 1995 as Lexus' first entry into the SUV market. Its successor, the LX 470, premiered in 1998 and was produced until 2006. The latest, third-generation, LX 570 debuted at the New York International Auto Show in April 2007 as a complete redesign for the 2008 model year. The LX is not available in Japan where it is manufactured. The LX name stands for "Luxury Crossover". However, some Lexus importers use the backronymic name, "Luxury Four Wheel Drive".

neg: Ford C100 The Ford C100 is a sports racing car, initially built and run as a Group 6 car, but later as a Group C car. The C100 was built by Ford in 1981, and initially featured a 4-litre Cosworth DFL V8 engine, which was replaced by a 3.3-litre version of the same engine in 1983, after the car had passed to private hands. Five cars are known to have been built. Although the cars were often very quick in qualifying (when they had been fully developed), reliability problems plagued them, and restricted their successes to two Deutsche Rennsport Meisterschaft victories in 1982, and a single Thundersports victory in 1983. Following the end of Ford's involvement in the C100 project in 1983, Zakspeed modified one of the chassis into the C1/4, which used a 1.8-litre turbocharged in-line 4 from their Group 5 Ford Capri. The C100 was also evolved into the Zakspeed C1/8, which used the 4-litre Cosworth DFL in a C1/4 chassis. The Zakspeed cars would prove to be far more successful than the C100 had ever been, and Klaus Niedzwiedz used a C1/8 to win the Interserie in 1984.

neg: Volkswagen Passat B3 The third-generation Volkswagen Passat, known as Volkswagen Passat B3 or Volkswagen Passat 35i, was introduced in March 1988 in Europe, 1989 in North America, and 1995 in South America; it was not available in Australia. Its curvy looks were a contrast from the boxy appearance of its predecessor and owed much to the "jelly mould" style pioneered by Ford with the Sierra and Taurus. The lack of a grille, utilizing the bottom breather approach, made the car's front end styling reminiscent of older, rear-engined Volkswagens such as the 411, and also doubled as a modern styling trend. The styling was developed from the 1981 aerodynamic (c = 0.25) Auto 2000 concept car.

neg: De Tomaso Deauville The De Tomaso Deauville was a large four-door sedan first exhibited at Turin Motor Show 1970. The car was powered by the same 351 in³ (5763 cc) Ford "Cleveland" V8 as the De Tomaso Pantera, rated at 300 hp. The car had a top speed of 230 km/h and featured styling similar to that of the Jaguar XJ.

neg: Lamborghini Miura The Lamborghini Miura is a sports car produced by Italian automaker Lamborghini between 1966 and 1973. The car was possibly the first supercar with a rear mid-engined two-seat layout, although the concept was first pioneered by René Bonnet with the Matra Djet in 1964. This layout has since become the standard for high-performance sports and supercars. When released, it was the fastest production road car made.

neg: Alfa Romeo Nuvola The Alfa Romeo Nuvola is a concept car with coupé body first shown by Alfa Romeo at the "Mondial de l'Automobile" Paris motor show in 1996. Nuvola literally means "cloud" in Italian, but also hints to the legendary Italian racing driver Tazio Nuvolari. The Nuvola has a front-mounted engine and four wheel drive. The prototype is currently on display at the Alfa Romeo Historical Museum in Arese, Italy.

neg: Panther Lima The Panther Lima was a retro-styled roadster of the 1970s that was built by Panther. It used Vauxhall Viva and Magnum mechanicals, including that car's 2.3 L (2279 cc) engine. A later Mark II model used a purpose-built chassis. The body was built of fibreglass in a roadster style reminiscent of an Allard or Morgan. The Lima was produced in volume, with over 500 built by the time of the introduction of the Lima Turbo in February 1979. The Yellow/Black Lima shown is a Turbo version. The Turbo Lima was fitted with 14-inch alloy wheels, and had a TURBO graphic on the bonnet. The turbocharged version, with an engine developed in Southern California, had 178 hp rather than the 108 hp of the original and claimed a 0-100 km/h acceleration time of less than six seconds.

neg: Grand tourer A grand tourer (Italian: "gran turismo" ) (GT) is a performance and luxury automobile capable of high speed and long-distance driving. The most common format is a front-engine, rear-wheel-drive two-door coupé with either a two-seat or a 2+2 arrangement. The term derives from the Italian language phrase "gran turismo" which became popular in the English language from the 1950s, evolving from fast touring cars and streamlined closed sports cars during the 1930s.

neg: Ford Granada (North America) The Ford Granada is a mid-sized car that was manufactured and marketed by Ford in North America from 1975 to 1982. Taking its name from the flagship product line of Ford of Europe, the American Ford Granada was produced in two distinct generations. Initially sold alongside the Mercury Monarch and Lincoln Versailles, the Ford Granada would become sold with the Mercury Cougar. During its production, the Granada was sold as a two-door coupe and sedan, four-door sedan, and a five-door station wagon.

neg: Toyota Prius V The Toyota Prius v (for versatile), also named Prius α in Japan, and Prius+ in Europe, is a full hybrid gasoline-electric compact MPV/station wagon produced by Toyota Motor Corporation introduced in Japan in May 2011, in the U.S. in October 2011, and released in Europe in June 2012. The Prius "v" was unveiled at the January 2011 North American International Auto Show alongside the Prius c Concept, and it is the first Prius variant to be spun off from the Prius platform. According to Toyota the "v" stands for "versatility".

neg: Chevrolet Opala The Chevrolet Opala was a Brazilian mid-size car sold under the Chevrolet brand in South America from 1969 to 1992, by General Motors do Brasil. It was derived from the German Opel Rekord Series C, Opel Commodore Series A, but used USA-sourced engines and Holden styling. Two four-cylinder engines: the Chevrolet 153ci 4-cylinder from Chevy II/Nova, which later got a new crankshaft stroke and cylinder bore, changing its size to 151ci (usually mistaken for the Pontiac Iron Duke engine), and the six-cylinder 250 from the contemporary line of North American car/light truck production. GM manufactured about one million units including the Opala sedan, Opala Coupé, and the station wagon variant, the Opala Caravan. It was replaced by the Chevrolet Omega in 1992, also an Opel spinoff. It was the first passenger car built by GM in Brazil by the General Motors do Brasil division. A luxury version of the Opala was marketed as the Chevrolet Diplomata.

neg: Porsche Carrera Carrera (Spanish for "race" and "career") is a brand of Porsche automobile. The name commemorates the company's success in the Carrera Panamericana race.

neg: Fiat 28-40 HP The Fiat 28-40 HP, also known as the Fiat Targa Florio Corsa, is a Grand Prix racing car manufactured by Fiat in 1906 and 1907. From 1907 through 1910, the design evolved into commercial production vehicles, including cars, light trucks, and buses.