query: What university supports a publication by an organization devoted to the study of ethics, theology, and religion from an evangelical perspective?

pos: Philosophia Christi Philosophia Christi is a biannual peer-reviewed academic journal published by the Evangelical Philosophical Society with the support of Biola University. It covers philosophical issues in the fields of apologetics, ethics, theology, and religion from an evangelical perspective and publishes articles, philosophical notes, and book reviews. The editor-in-chief is Craig Hazen.

pos: Evangelical Philosophical Society The Evangelical Philosophical Society (EPS) is an organization devoted to the study of ethics, theology, and religion from an evangelical perspective. Membership is open to professional scholars and associate membership is available to laypersons and students. Since 2006, Paul Copan has been the president of the organization.

neg: Journal of Greco-Roman Christianity and Judaism The Journal of Greco-Roman Christianity and Judaism is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by McMaster Divinity College. The editor-in-chief is Stanley E. Porter (McMaster Divinity College). Articles are published open access, until a volume is finished, after which they are available only in print. The journal is abstracted and indexed in the ATLA Religion Database.

neg: Feminist Studies Feminist Studies is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering women's studies that was established in 1972. It is an independent nonprofit publication housed at the University of Maryland in College Park, Maryland. Besides scholarly articles, the journal also publishes creative writing (poetry, fiction, and memoirs), art work and art essays, book reviews, political and social commentaries, interviews, and activist reports.

neg: Grace University Grace University is an American private Christian University located in Omaha, Nebraska. The university includes undergraduate programs and the Grace University College of Professional and Graduate Studies.

neg: BYU Studies Quarterly BYU Studies Quarterly is an academic journal covering a broad array of topics related to The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormon studies). It is published by the church-owned Brigham Young University. The journal is abstracted and indexed in the ATLA Religion Database.

neg: The Journal of Ecclesiastical History The Journal of Ecclesiastical History is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Cambridge University Press. It was established in 1950 and covers all aspects of the history of the Christian Church. It deals with the Church both as an institution and in its relations with other religions and society at large. The journal publishes articles and book reviews.

neg: Analecta Hermeneutica Analecta Hermeneutica is the annual refereed journal of the International Institute for Hermeneutics (IIH) which publishes contributions in all hermeneutically related fields in English, German, French, Italian, and Spanish with a particular focus on philosophy, theology, and comparative literature. Its editor-in-chief is Andrzej Wierciński and its editor is S.J. McGrath. "Analecta Hermeneutica" is hosted by the Department of Philosophy at Memorial University of Newfoundland.

neg: Zeitschrift für Antikes Christentum The Zeitschrift für Antikes Christentum / Journal of Ancient Christianity is an academic journal published by Walter de Gruyter. It covers topics related to early Christianity and Patristics.

neg: Center for the Study of Religion and Society The Center for the Study of Religion and Society (CSRS) is a research center at the University of Notre Dame in the United States that is dedicated to advancing social scientific understanding of religion in society through scholarly research, training and publications. The Center brings a variety of faculty, students and other researchers together into a community of scholars engaged in empirical investigations, intellectual interchange and teaching crucial for advancing the sociological study of religion.

neg: Mid-American Review Mid-American Review ("MAR") is an international literary journal dedicated to publishing contemporary fiction, poetry, nonfiction, and translations. Founded in 1981, "MAR" is a publication of the Department of English and the College of Arts & Sciences at Bowling Green State University. It is produced by faculty, students, and alumni of Bowling Green's creative writing program.

neg: Living Lutheran Living Lutheran is the primary publication of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. The editorial offices are at 8765 West Higgins Road in Chicago, Illinois with the denominational offices. While circulation fulfillment is done by Augsburg Fortress Publishers, the ELCA publishing house in Minneapolis, Minnesota, all editorial, advertising, marketing and online functions are done in the Chicago offices. Originally titled The Lutheran, the magazine changed names in the 2010s.

neg: McMaster Divinity College McMaster Divinity College, also known as MDC, is a Christian seminary in Hamilton, Ontario. It is affiliated with the Canadian Baptists of Ontario and Quebec, although in practice it is interdenominational, and could be said to more closely align with the broader Evangelical tradition. The institution's mission is to develop effective evangelical Christian leaders for the church, academy, and society through university-level education, professional training, and ongoing support.

neg: Religion and environmentalism Religion and environmentalism is an emerging interdisciplinary subfield in the academic disciplines of religious studies, religious ethics, the sociology of religion, and theology amongst others, with environmentalism and ecological principles as a primary focus.

neg: Biblical studies Biblical studies is the academic application of a set of diverse disciplines to the study of the Hebrew and Christian scriptures, the Bible. For its theory and methods, the field draws on disciplines ranging from archaeology, ancient history, cultural backgrounds, textual criticism, literary criticism, historical backgrounds, philology, and social science.

neg: Trinity Journal (theology) Trinity Journal is a biannual peer-reviewed academic journal. It was established in 1980 and is published by Trinity Evangelical Divinity School.

neg: Religion & Education Religion & Education is a triannual peer-reviewed academic journal that covers religion and spirituality in elementary, secondary, and higher education settings. It is published by Routledge and the editor-in-chief is Michael Waggoner (University of Northern Iowa).

neg: European Journal of Theology The European Journal of Theology is a biannual peer-reviewed academic journal covering evangelical theology. Contributions are in English, French, or German, with summaries in all three languages. The journal was established in 1992 and is published by Paternoster Periodicals on behalf of the Fellowship of European Evangelical Theologians. The editor-in-chief is Pieter J. Lalleman (Spurgeon's College). Previous editors have been Nigel M. de S. Cameron, J. Gordon McConville, Mark W. Elliott, and Jamie Grant.

neg: American Scientific Affiliation The American Scientific Affiliation (ASA) is a Christian religious organization of scientists and people in science-related disciplines. The stated purpose is "to investigate any area relating Christian faith and science." The organization publishes a journal, "Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith" which covers topics related to Christian faith and science from a Christian viewpoint.

neg: Veritas Forum The Veritas Forum is a non-profit organization which works with Christian students on college campuses to host "forums" centered on the exploration of truth and its relevancy in human life, through the questions of philosophy, religion, science, and other disciplines. The organization, named after the Latin word for "truth", aims to "create university events engaging students and faculty in exploring life's hardest questions and the relevance of Jesus Christ to all of life." The first Veritas Forum was held at Harvard University in 1986. By 2008, 300,000 students had attended over 300 forums at 100 campuses across the United States, Canada, France, England, and the Netherlands. In the 2010–2011 academic year, Veritas Forums were held at over 50 institutions of higher education. Veritas Forums are available for viewing online, and the organization has published several books with InterVarsity Press.

neg: Catholic Biblical Quarterly The Catholic Biblical Quarterly is a refereed theological journal published by the Catholic Biblical Association of America.

neg: Open Evangelical Open Evangelical refers to a particular Christian school of thought or churchmanship, primarily in the United Kingdom (especially in the Church of England). Open evangelicals describe their position as combining a traditional evangelical emphasis on the nature of scriptural authority, the teaching of the ecumenical creeds and other traditional doctrinal teachings, with an approach towards culture and other theological points of view which tends to be more inclusive than that taken by other evangelicals. Some open evangelicals aim to take a middle position between conservative and charismatic evangelicals, while others would combine conservative theological emphases with more liberal social positions.


query: Junction Boulevard Line extends into an airport that covers how many acres ?

pos: Junction Boulevard Line The Q72 bus route constitutes a public transit route along Junction Boulevard and 94th Street in Queens, New York City, United States. It operates between the Rego Park and East Elmhurst neighborhoods of Queens, and extends into LaGuardia Airport at the north end of the borough. It is city-operated under the MTA Bus Company brand of MTA Regional Bus Operations.

pos: LaGuardia Airport LaGuardia Airport (IATA: LGA, ICAO: KLGA, FAA LID: LGA) is an airport in the northern part of the New York City borough of Queens in the United States. It is on the waterfront of Flushing and Bowery Bays in East Elmhurst and borders the neighborhoods of Astoria and Jackson Heights. The airport is the third busiest airport serving New York City, and the twentieth busiest in the United States. LaGuardia Airport covers 680 acre .

neg: Jendarata Airport Jendarata Airport (ICAO: WMAJ) is a private airport located in the Jendarata town of Teluk Intan, Perak, Malaysia and near of the Hutan Melintang, Perak, MALAYSIA. The airport is owned and operated by the plantation company, United Plantations, which started their venture into plantations with the opening of the estate in 1906.

neg: Weaverville Airport Weaverville Airport (FAA LID: O54) , also known as Lonnie Pool Field, is a public airport located one mile (1.6 km) northeast of Weaverville, serving Trinity County, California, USA. This general aviation airport covers 65 acres and has one runway.

neg: Strauch Field Strauch Field (FAA LID: OR47) is a private Airport located 2 miles south of Junction City in Lane County, Oregon, USA.

neg: Tulelake Municipal Airport Tulelake Municipal Airport (FAA LID: O81) is a public airport located seven miles (11 km) southeast of the city of Tulelake. Located in Modoc County, it serves the Modoc and Siskiyou County area in California, USA. This general aviation airport covers 358 acre and has one paved runway. Primary users are crop dusting and general aviation pilots. There is no scheduled service to Tulelake Muni, and the airport is unattended, with no control tower.

neg: Redondo Junction, California Redondo Junction, California is the site of the current Amtrak maintenance facility. It is located 3.5 miles south of the Union Station (Los Angeles) passenger Terminal, Southwest of Boyle Heights near Washington Boulevard and the Los Angeles River.

neg: Rosecrans Memorial Airport Rosecrans Memorial Airport (IATA: STJ, ICAO: KSTJ, FAA LID: STJ) is a joint civil-military public airport located three miles (5 km) northwest of the city of St. Joseph in Buchanan County, Missouri, USA.

neg: Jones Field Jones Field (FAA LID: F00) is a city owned, public use airport located two nautical miles (4 km) north of the central business district of Bonham, a city in Fannin County, Texas, United States. It is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015, which categorized it as a "general aviation" airport.

neg: Edgewood, Louisville Edgewood is a neighborhood on the south side of Louisville, Kentucky, United States. Its boundaries are Fern Valley Road to the south, I-65 to the west and Preston Highway to the north. Streets were laid out in the 1920s, but development was halted by the Great Depression. The area was also far from the city and had poor infrastructure. An improved sewage system after World War II and the large expansion of Standiford Field (now Louisville International Airport) spurred development of Edgewood and its annexation by Louisville in 1957.

neg: Sky Acres Airport Sky Acres Airport (FAA LID: 44N) is a public-use airport located six miles (10 km) southwest of the central business district of Millbrook, a village in Dutchess County, New York, United States. It is privately owned by Sky Acres Enterprises, Inc.

neg: San Francisco International Airport San Francisco International Airport (IATA: SFO, ICAO: KSFO, FAA LID: SFO) is an international airport 13 mi south of downtown San Francisco, California, United States, near Millbrae and San Bruno in unincorporated San Mateo County. It has flights to points throughout North America and is a major gateway to Europe and Asia.

neg: Mach-O Acres Airport Mach-O Acres Airport (FAA LID: 98OR) is a private airport located 7 mi north of Sheridan in Yamhill County, Oregon, USA.

neg: Chino Airport Chino Airport (IATA: CNO, ICAO: KCNO, FAA LID: CNO) is a county-owned airport about three miles southeast of Chino, in San Bernardino County, California. The Federal Aviation Administration's National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2007–2011 classified it as a "reliever airport", due to its proximity to the Ontario International Airport and the John Wayne Airport (in Orange County).

neg: Myrtle Beach International Airport Myrtle Beach International Airport (IATA: MYR, ICAO: KMYR, FAA LID: MYR) is a county-owned public-use airport located three nautical miles (6 km) southwest of the central business district of Myrtle Beach, in Horry County, South Carolina, United States. It was formerly known as Myrtle Beach Jetport (1974–1989) and is located on site of the former Myrtle Beach Air Force Base, which also includes The Market Common shopping complex.

neg: Burlington International Airport Burlington International Airport (IATA: BTV, ICAO: KBTV, FAA LID: BTV) is a joint-use civil-military airport in Chittenden County, Vermont, United States. It is owned by the City of Burlington, Vermont's most populous municipality. The airport is located in South Burlington, three nautical miles (6 km) east of Burlington's central business district.

neg: Airport, California Airport is a census-designated place (CDP) in Stanislaus County, California. Airport sits at an elevation of 92 ft . The 2010 United States census reported Airport's population was 1,964.

neg: College Park, Georgia College Park is a city in the U.S. state of Georgia, adjacent to the southern boundary of the city of Atlanta. As of the 2010 census, the population was 13,942. Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport is partially located in the city's boundaries (including the domestic terminal, Concourse T, Concourse A, and about two-thirds of Concourse B), and the Georgia International Convention Center, owned and operated by the City of College Park, is within the city limits.

neg: Cloverleaf, Louisville Cloverleaf is a neighborhood in southwest Louisville, Kentucky. Its boundaries are I-264 to the north, Manslick Road to the east, Gagel Avenue to the south, and the Illinois Central railroad tracks to the east. It takes its name from Cloverleaf Acres, a development in the area. It is residential, and was annexed by Louisville in 1958.

neg: Airport Road (Huntsville) Airport Road is a major east–west thoroughfare in Huntsville, Alabama that connects the Jones Valley and Hampton Cove subdivisions to Memorial Parkway and the rest of the city. On average approximately 31,000 vehicles travel the 2-mile stretch of road a day.

neg: Park Heights, Baltimore Park Heights is an area of Baltimore City, Maryland, that lies approximately 10 miles northwest of downtown Baltimore and within two miles of the Baltimore County line. A 1,500-acre community, Park Heights comprises 12 smaller neighborhoods that together contain approximately 30,000 residents. It is bounded on the south by Druid Park Drive, on the west by Wabash Avenue, on the east by Greenspring Avenue, and on the north by Northern Parkway. Interstate-83 is less than a half mile to the east. Two major roadways—Park Heights Avenue and Reisterstown Road—run north-south through Park Heights, serving as the neighborhood’s "Main Streets" as well as commuter corridors. Limited commercial uses—primarily retail—are scattered along these roads; there is also some industrial activity on the neighborhood’s western edge.

neg: Junction Boulevard (IRT Flushing Line) Junction Boulevard (originally Junction Avenue) is an express station on the IRT Flushing Line of the New York City Subway, located at the intersection of Junction Boulevard and Roosevelt Avenue in Corona, Queens. It is served by the 7 train at all times.


query: Who is the full Professor at Stockholm University who won a Nobel Peace Prize for the discovery of asymptomatic freedom in quantum chromodynamics?

pos: Hugh David Politzer Hugh David Politzer ( ; born August 31, 1949) is an American theoretical physicist at the California Institute of Technology. He shared the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physics with David Gross and Frank Wilczek for their discovery of asymptotic freedom in quantum chromodynamics.

pos: Frank Wilczek Frank Anthony Wilczek ( ; born May 15, 1951) is an American theoretical physicist, mathematician and a Nobel laureate. He is currently the Herman Feshbach Professor of Physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Founding Director of T. D. Lee Institute and Chief Scientist Wilczek Quantum Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU), Distinguished Origins Professor at Arizona State University (ASU) and full Professor at Stockholm University.

neg: Selma Lagerlöf Selma Ottilia Lovisa Lagerlöf (] ; 20 November 1858 – 16 March 1940) was a Swedish author and teacher. She was the first female writer to win the Nobel Prize in Literature.

neg: Hans von Euler-Chelpin Hans Karl August Simon von Euler-Chelpin (15 February 1873 – 6 November 1964) was a German-born Swedish biochemist. He won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1929 with Arthur Harden for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and enzymes. He was a professor of general and organic chemistry at Stockholm University (1906–1941) and the director of its Institute for organic-chemical research (1938–1948). Euler-Chelpin married Astrid Cleve, the daughter of the Uppsala chemist Per Teodor Cleve and was the great-great-great grandson of Leonhard Euler. In 1970, his son Ulf von Euler, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

neg: Eva Åkesson Eva Åkesson (born 30 December 1961 in Ängelholm) is a Swedish professor of chemical physics, who is Rectrix magnifica (Vice-chancellor, or head) of Uppsala university. Before being appointed to this position, she was Prorector at Lund University.

neg: Andreas Wallraff Andreas Wallraff is a German physicist who conducts research in quantum information processing and quantum optics. He has taught as a professor at ETH Zürich in Zürich, Switzerland since 2006. He worked as a research scientist with Robert J. Schoelkopf at Yale University from 2002 to 2005, during which time he performed experiments in which the coherent interaction of a single photon with a single quantum electronic circuit was observed for the first time. His current work at ETH Zürich focuses on hybrid quantum systems combining superconducting electronic circuits with semiconductor quantum dots and individual Rydberg atoms as well as quantum error correction with superconducting qubits.

neg: Asoke Nath Mitra Asoke Nath Mitra (born 1929) is an Indian physicist. For his work in theoretical nuclear and particle physics, he was awarded the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize in 1969. He is currently professor emeritus at Delhi University.

neg: Bo Sundqvist Bo Sundqvist (born 1941) is a Swedish physicist and former rector magnificus of Uppsala University.

neg: Martin Lüscher Martin Lüscher (born August 3, 1949 in Bern) is a Swiss theoretical physicist, who works primarily on numerical quantum chromodynamics (lattice field theory).

neg: A. P. Balachandran Aiyalam Parameswaran Balachandran (born 25 January 1938) is an Indian theoretical physicist well known for his extensive contributions to the role of classical topology in quantum physics. He has been the Joel Dorman Steele Professor of Physics in Syracuse University since 2000. He has also been a Fellow of the American Physical Society and awarded a prize by the U.S. Chapter of the Indian Physics Association in recognition of his outstanding scientific contributions. In 1990, Syracuse University honored him with a Chancellor's Citation for Exceptional Academic Achievement.

neg: Hans Krondahl Hans Krondahl (born 1929) is a Swedish painter, tapestry weaver, textile artist and textile designer. He studied painting and textile art at Konstfack, (State College of Arts, Crafts and Design) in Stockholm from 1955 to 1960. Krondahl set up his own weaving studio in 1962, where he created tapestries and related artwork, and he also took up fabric designing for various Swedish companies. The studio closed in 1992. From the early 1960s Krondahl taught Textile Art and Design in various schools in Sweden and abroad. Periodically from 1974 on, Krondahl worked in the U.S. He held a position as Textile Design Expert for UNIDO in Bandung, Indonesia in 1979 and 1980. In 1981 Krondahl became head of the Crafts Department, University of Gothenburg and in 1988 he was appointed Professor of Textile Art at the same institution. In 1965 he was awarded the Lunning Prize, and in 2002 he received the Prince Eugen Medal.

neg: Theo Rasing Theodorus "Theo" Henricus Maria Rasing (born 26 May 1953) is a Dutch professor of experimental physics at Radboud University Nijmegen. His expertise lies in the field of magneto-optics. He was a winner of the 2008 Spinoza Prize.

neg: David B. Haviland David Brant Haviland (born July 22, 1961 in Bar Harbor, Maine), is a Swedish/American physicist, professor in Nanostructure physics and Mesoscopic physics at the Royal Institute of Technology in Sweden.[1]

neg: Andrius Baltuška Baltuška studied physics at the University of Vilnius later at the University of Amsterdam and received his Ph.D. from the University of Groningen in 2000. After postdoctoral positions at the University of Tokyo, Technical University of Vienna and Max Planck Institute for Quantum Optics he became Professor at the Technical University of Vienna in 2006.

neg: Robert Swendsen Robert Swendsen is Professor of Physics at Carnegie Mellon University. He is well known in the computational physics community for the Monte Carlo Renormalization Group and related methods that enable efficient computational studies of equilibrium phenomena near phase transitions. He is the 2014 Recipient of the Aneesur Rahman Prize for Computational Physics from the American Physical Society.

neg: Arne Holmgren Arne Holmgren (born 21 December 1940) is a Swedish biochemist known as a redox pioneer. He studied medicine at Uppsala University in 1962 and became a medical student. He received his Ph.D. in 1968 from the Karolinska Institute where he became associate professor in 1969.

neg: Richard E. Taylor Richard Edward Taylor, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (born 2 November 1929) is a Nobel Prize–winning professor emeritus at Stanford University. In 1990, he shared the Nobel Prize in Physics with Jerome Friedman and Henry Kendall "for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics."

neg: Theodor W. Hänsch Theodor Wolfgang Hänsch (born 30 October 1941) is a German physicist. He received one fourth of the 2005 Nobel Prize in Physics for "contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency comb technique", sharing the prize with John L. Hall and Roy J. Glauber.

neg: Peter Higgs Peter Ware Higgs (born 29 May 1929) is a British theoretical physicist, emeritus professor at the University of Edinburgh, and Nobel Prize laureate for his work on the mass of subatomic particles.

neg: Michael Nobel Michael Nobel ( ; ] ; born 1941 in Stockholm as Michael Oleinikoff) is a Swedish-Russian entrepreneur. He is a member of the Nobel family, a descendant of Ludvig Nobel, a former head of the Nobel Family Society (1995–2006), a co-founder and former Chairman of the Nobel Charitable Trust. At present, Nobel serves on several international boards that focus on scientific, medical and charitable initiatives. He promotes energy efficiency and alternative energy technology.

neg: Alan Sokal Alan David Sokal ( ; born January 24, 1955) is a professor of mathematics at University College London and professor of physics at New York University. He works in statistical mechanics and combinatorics. He is best known to the wider public for his criticism of postmodernism, after the Sokal affair in 1996 when his deliberately nonsensical paper was published by Duke University's "Social Text". He also works to counter faulty scientific reasoning, as seen with his involvement in criticising the critical positivity ratio concept in positive psychology.

neg: Stockholm Memorandum The Stockholm Memorandum is a document signed in May 2011 by many Nobel Laureates based on the verdict from the trial of humanity, which opened the 3rd Nobel Laureate Symposium. The jury of Nobel laureates concluded that Earth has entered a new geological age, which it calls the Anthropocene, in which humans are the most significant driver of global climate change, and in which human collective actions could have abrupt and irreversible consequences for human communities and ecological systems. The memorandum was signed by 20 winner of the Nobel Prize winners or the Sveriges Riksbank Prize for Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel (six in Chemistry, five in Physics, three in Physiology or Medicine, one in Literature, one Peace Prize winner and four in Economic Sciences) was submitted to the United Nations High Level Panel on global sustainability.


query: Which owner of Chartwell led Britain to victory during World War II?

pos: Chartwell Chartwell is a country house near the town of Westerham, Kent in South East England. For over forty years it was the home of Winston Churchill. He bought the property in September 1922 and lived there until shortly before his death in January 1965. In the 1930s, when Churchill was excluded from political office, Chartwell became the centre of his world. At his dining table, he gathered those who could assist his campaign against German re-armament and the British government's response of appeasement; in his study, he composed speeches and wrote books; in his garden, he built walls, constructed lakes and painted. During the Second World War Chartwell was largely unused, the Churchills returning after he lost the 1945 election. In 1953, when again Prime Minister, the house became Churchill's refuge when he suffered a devastating stroke. In October 1964, he left for the last time, dying at his London home, 28, Hyde Park Gate, on 24 January 1965.

pos: Winston Churchill Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (30 November 187424 January 1965) was a British statesman, army officer, and writer. He served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955. As a Member of Parliament (MP), he represented five constituencies over the course of his career. As Prime Minister, Churchill led Britain to victory during World War II. He led the Conservative Party for fifteen years from 1940 to 1955.

neg: William Tennant (Royal Navy officer) Admiral Sir William George "Bill" Tennant KCB CBE MVO DL (2 January 1890 – 26 July 1963) was a British naval officer. He was lauded for overseeing the successful evacuation of Dunkirk in 1940. Tennant subsequently served as captain of the battlecruiser HMS "Repulse", when it searched for German capital ships in the Atlantic. He remained in this capacity when the "Repulse" was sunk by the Japanese along with HMS "Prince of Wales" in the South China Sea on 10 December 1941, three days after the attack on Pearl Harbor. He later aided in the setup of the Mulberry harbours and the Pluto pipelines, a crucial part of the success of Operation Overlord.

neg: Henry Pownall Lieutenant General Sir Henry Royds Pownall, (19 November 1887 – 10 June 1961) was a senior British Army officer who held several important command and staff appointments during the Second World War. In particular, he was chief of staff to the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) in France and Belgium until the fall of France in May 1940. He was later chief of staff to General Archibald Wavell until the fall of Singapore in 1942, and chief of staff to Lord Louis Mountbatten in 1943–44.

neg: Victor Beamish Group Captain Francis Victor Beamish DSO & Bar, (27 September 1903 – 28 March 1942) was a Royal Air Force fighter pilot and flying ace of the Second World War. After flying during the Battle of Britain he continued to lead fighter operations until he was killed in action in 1942.

neg: Big Game (horse) Big Game (1939–1963) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. In a career that lasted from April 1941 to October 1942, the colt, who was owned by King George VI, ran nine times and won eight races. He was the best British two-year-old colt of his generation in 1941 when he was unbeaten in five starts. Two further wins the following spring including the 2000 Guineas at Newmarket took his unbeaten run to seven, but he suffered his first defeat when odds-on favourite for the wartime "New Derby". He won his only other race in the Champion Stakes before being retired to stud. Big Game's royal connections and racecourse success made him one of the most popular horses of his time.

neg: James Grigg Sir Percy James Grigg, KCB, KCSI, PC (16 December 1890 – 5 May 1964), better known as Sir James Grigg, was a British civil servant who was unexpectedly moved - at the behest of his patron Winston Churchill - from being the Permanent Under-Secretary of State at the War Office to become Secretary of State for War, the political head of the same department during the Second World War.

neg: Ray Barker Ray Wehnes Barker (December 10, 1889 – June 28, 1974) was a Major General of the Allied Forces, and served in the European Theater of Operations During World War II. General Barker was a key member of the combined United States-British group, which became known as COSSAC (Chief of Staff to Supreme Allied Commander). This group planned the Battle of Normandy, codenamed "Operation Overlord", also known as D-Day, which liberated Occupied France. He served as the Deputy Chief of Staff of the European Theater from 1943–1944, and Deputy Chief of Staff for Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force.

neg: No. 5 Group RAF No. 5 Group was a Royal Air Force bomber group of the Second World War, led during the latter part (February 1943 – 1945) by AVM Sir Ralph Cochrane.

neg: Victory and Peace Victory and Peace is a 1918 British silent war film directed by Herbert Brenon and starring Matheson Lang, Marie Lohr and James Carew. The film was produced by the National War Aims Committee for propaganda reasons during the First World War. The screenplay was written by the novelist Hall Caine, who was personally invited to do so by the Prime Minister David Lloyd George. Because the war ended, the film never went on general release. It is a partially lost film, with only around 1,000 feet of film still surviving. Its alternative title is The Invasion of Britain.

neg: Home Defence Executive The Home Defence Executive (H.D.E.) was formed on 10 May 1940 under General Sir Edmund Ironside, Commander-in-chief Home Forces, to organise the defence of Britain from invasion by the Axis powers

neg: Humfrey Gale Lieutenant General Sir Humfrey Myddelton Gale KBE, CB, CVO, MC (4 October 1890 – 8 April 1971) was an officer in the British Army who served in the First and Second World War, during which he was Chief Administrative Officer at Allied Forces Headquarters and later SHAEF under General of the Army Dwight Eisenhower. After the Second World War he was European Director of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration, worked for the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company, and was chairman of the Basildon, Essex New Town Development Corporation

neg: James Harry Lacey James Harry "Ginger" Lacey, (1 February 1917 – 30 May 1989) was one of the top scoring Royal Air Force fighter pilots of the Second World War and was the second highest scoring RAF fighter pilot of the Battle of Britain, behind Pilot Officer Eric Lock of No. 41 Squadron RAF. Lacey was credited with 28 enemy aircraft destroyed, five probables and nine damaged.

neg: Frank Barnwell Captain Frank Sowter Barnwell OBE AFC FRAeS BSc (1880 – 2 August 1938) was a British aeronautical engineer. With his elder brother Harold he built the first successful powered aircraft made in Scotland and later went on to a career as an aircraft designer with the Bristol Aeroplane Company, designing aircraft such as the Bristol Fighter, the Bulldog and the Blenheim.

neg: John Ward (trade unionist) Lieutenant-Colonel John Ward {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (21 November 1866 – 19 December 1934) was an English Liberal Party politician, trade union leader and soldier.

neg: Colin Hodgkinson (RAF officer) Flight Lieutenant Colin Gerald Shaw Hodgkinson was a Royal Air Force (RAF) pilot during the Second World War. His is credited with 2 aerial victories.

neg: Role of Douglas Haig in 1918 This article is about the role of Douglas Haig in 1918. In 1918, during the final year of the First World War, Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig was Commander-in-Chief (C-in-C) of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) on the Western Front. Haig commanded the BEF in the defeat of the German Army's Spring Offensives, the Allied victory at Amiens in August, and the Hundred Days Offensive, which led to the war-ending armistice in November 1918.

neg: Michael Gow (British Army officer) General Sir James Michael Gow GCB (3 June 1924 – 26 March 2013) was a senior British Army officer who served in the Second World War and reached high office in the 1980s, commanding the British Army of the Rhine.

neg: Operation Bolero Operation Bolero was the commonly used reference for the code name of the United States military troop buildup in the United Kingdom during World War II in preparation for the initial cross-channel invasion plan known as Operation Roundup, to be implemented in mid-1943, or for its lesser contingency alternative, Operation Sledgehammer, to be executed in the fall of 1942 in the event of German setbacks or to ease Axis pressure on the Eastern Front. ("Bolero" was the code name used in official communications to stand in for "United Kingdom" when describing the theater or movements.) What later became the Bolero plan – the buildup of a strategic air force in Great Britain in preparation for Roundup – was first submitted by Commanding General of the U.S. Army Air Forces, Henry H. Arnold, to General George Marshall, the U.S. Army Chief of Staff, on April 12, 1942, and set in motion a huge movement of men and material that laid the groundwork for Operation Overlord.

neg: Victor Groom Air Marshal Sir Victor Emmanuel Groom, (4 August 1898 – 6 December 1990) was a senior officer in the British Royal Air Force and a flying ace of the First World War credited with eight aerial victories. He rose to become a consequential participant in air operations to support Operation Overlord, the invasion of France during the Second World War.

neg: George Marshall George Catlett Marshall Jr. (December 31, 1880 – October 16, 1959) was an American statesman and soldier. He was Chief of Staff of the United States Army under presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman, and served as Secretary of State and Secretary of Defense under Truman. He was hailed as the "organizer of victory" by Winston Churchill for his leadership of the Allied victory in World War II.

neg: Evans Cycles Evans Cycles is a British cycle retailer. It was opened in central London by a London cyclist, Frederick Evans, who won an award from Britain's largest cycling club for the best cycling invention of 1925. He left his shop to be run by his manager and joined the Royal Air Force when war broke out in 1939. He died in a road accident in 1944 and the shop and the national business that developed from it has had several owners. It is owned now by ECI Partners.


query: What is the purpose of the society founded in a city also familiarly known as Thessalonica or Salonica?

pos: Society for Macedonian Studies The Society for Macedonian Studies was founded on April 29, 1939 in Thessaloniki, Greece. The purpose of the Society is the research on History and Folklore of Macedonia and the help for the development of the Intellectual development of Macedonian life.

pos: Thessaloniki Thessaloniki (Greek: Θεσσαλονίκη , "Thessaloníki", ] ), also familiarly known as Thessalonica or Salonica, is the second-largest city in Greece and the capital of Macedonia, the administrative region of Central Macedonia and the Decentralized Administration of Macedonia and Thrace. Its nickname is η Συμπρωτεύουσα ("Symprotévousa"), literally "the co-capital", a reference to its historical status as the Συμβασιλεύουσα ("Symvasilévousa") or "co-reigning" city of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire, alongside Constantinople.

neg: Jewish Museum of Thessaloniki The Jewish Museum of Thessaloniki (Greek: Εβραϊκό Μουσείο Θεσσαλονίκης ) (Judaeo-Spanish or Ladino: Museo Djidio De Salonik) is a museum in Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia, Greece presenting the history of Sephardic Jews and Jewish life in Thessaloniki.

neg: Tripoli, Greece Tripoli (Greek: Τρίπολη , "Trípoli", formerly Τρίπολις, "Trípolis"; earlier Τριπολιτσά "Tripolitsa") is a city in the central part of the Peloponnese, in Greece. It is the capital of the Peloponnese region as well as of the regional unit of Arcadia. The homonym municipality has around 47,000 inhabitants.

neg: Société Ethnologique de Paris The Société Ethnologique de Paris was a short-lived French learned society set up by William Frédéric Edwards in 1839. At the time ethnology was a neologism ("ethnologie" in French), and the Société was the first association of scholars and travellers to have as its central concern race. It is considered a significant institution in the rise of the social sciences, though there had been earlier societies in the area in the first decades of the 19th century. It was formally dissolved in 1862, long after it had ceased to be active.

neg: Philomatic society A philomatic society is an association of persons who love sciences. The term "philomatic" (in French, "philomathique") is no longer in use. The philomatic societies were influential in the nineteenth century. The most remarkable was the Philomatic Society of Paris ("Société Philomathique de Paris").

neg: Thessalonica in the Middle Ages Thessalonica in the Middle Ages may refer to the city Thessalonica, (capital of Praetorian prefecture of Illyricum after 379 AD), Thessalonica (theme) or to the Latin Kingdom of Thessalonica.

neg: Society of 1789 Society of 1789, or Patriotic Society of 1789 (French: "Club de 1789" or "Société patriotique de 1789"), was a political club of the French Revolution, inaugurated during a festive banquet held at Palais-Royal in May 1790 by more moderate elements of the Breton Club. At their height of influence, it was the second most important one after the Jacobin Club.

neg: Helvetic Society The Helvetische Gesellschaft / Société Helvétique, or Helvetic Society as it is known in English, was a patriotic society and the first Swiss reform society. It was founded by Swiss philosopher Isaak Iselin, poet Solomon Gessner and some 20 others on 15 May 1762, and was dissolved with the formation of the Helvetic Republic in 1798. It was revived again from 1819 on until 1849. The latter should not be confused with the contemporary Helvetic Society for the Natural Sciences, established in 1815.

neg: Patreus Patreus (Ancient Greek: Πατρεύς; Modern Greek: Πατρέας, "Patreas") is a mythical person, founder of the city of Patras, Greece. According to the myth, he was the son of Preugenes and ninth descendant of Lacedaemon, the founder of Sparta. Patreus was the leader of the Achaean who came from Sparta, after the renowned Dorian Invasion. The Ionians that occupied the region, since were forced to leave their settlements and refuge to Attica and Ionia on the western coast of Asia Minor. It was then that Patreus was crowned King of Aroe, one of the small city-states that lay in the region. Always according to the myth, under Patreus' reign, was unified with two other neighbouring cities, Messatis and Antheia. The new united city was named "Patras" (ancient greek: "Πάτραι"), after Patreus, its mythical founder. His tomb was shown in the city's marketplace, next to the statue of Athena.

neg: Saint Nicholas Society of the City of New York The Saint Nicholas Society of the City of New York is a charitable organization in New York City of men who are descended from early inhabitants of the State of New York. The organization preserves historical and genealogical records of English ruled New York and Dutch ruled New Amsterdam.

neg: Kingdom of Thessalonica The Kingdom of Thessalonica was a short-lived Crusader State founded after the Fourth Crusade over conquered Byzantine lands in Macedonia and Thessaly.

neg: Société d'économie politique The Société d’Economie Politique (English: Political Economy Society ) is a French learned society concerned with political economy. It was founded in 1842 to provide a forum for discussion of free trade, a subject of violent debate at the time, and has continued to organize discussions on economic and social issues to the present day.

neg: Serbian Chetnik Organization The Serbian Revolutionary Organization (Serbian: Srpska revolucionarna organizacija/Српска револуционарна организација ) or Serbian Chetnik Organization (Српска четничка организација/Srpska četnička organizacija) was a revolutionary organization with the aim of liberation of Old Serbia (Kosovo and Macedonia) from the Ottoman Empire (in the vilayets of Kosovo, Manastir and Salonika). Its Central Committee was established in 1902, while the Serbian Committee (Српски комитет) was established in September 1903 in Belgrade, by the combined Central Boards of Belgrade, Vranje, Skopje and Bitola. Its armed wing was activated in 1904. Among the architects were members of the Saint Sava society, Army Staff and Ministry of Foreign Affairs. It operated during the Struggle for Macedonia (Борба за Македонију), a series of social, political, cultural and military conflicts in the region of Macedonia; its operations are known as Serb Action in Macedonia (Српска акција у Македонији).

neg: Krenides Krenides (Ancient Greek: Κρενίδες ) was an ancient Greek city located in Thrace, located in the region between the river Strymon and the river Nestos.It was founded by colonists from Thasos at 360BC. Krenides was close to Mount Pangaion with its rich gold veins and to another Thasian colony, Datos.The two colonies provoked the Thracians but at the same time gave Phillip II of Macedon the justification for penetrating the area and founding Philippi in 356 BC.Phillip intervened to protect the city when it was threatened by Thracians under Kersobleptes.

neg: Royal Patriotic Society The Royal Patriotic Society (Swedish: "Kungliga Patriotiska Sällskapet" ) is a Swedish royal society founded in 1772 in Stockholm, Sweden, by royal charter of King Gustav III of Sweden, with the aim of improving Sweden's economy, particularly agriculture, mining and the textile industry.

neg: Ukrainian Engineers' Society of America The Ukrainian Engineers' Society of America is an organization of Ukrainian engineers and students based in New York City. The society was founded in New York City on September 18, 1948, by a group of Ukrainian immigrants of the engineering profession. Their first annual meeting was held on November 20, 1948. Their goal is to "...unite engineers and scientists for their mutual professional enrichment and exchange of knowledge; and also to study the current status of technology, industry and the economy in Ukraine; and for the development of a social/professional network". The society publishes the periodicals "Ukrainian Engineering News" and "Bulletin TYIA". They also have published books.

neg: Paisley Philosophical Institution The Paisley Philosophical Institution (sometimes referred to as the "Paisley Philosophical Society") is a cultural and educational organisation based in Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland. It was founded on 8 October 1808 with the aim of educating members in scientific matters, creating a museum and establishing a library.

neg: Basileiades Basileiades is one of the most historic Greek machine building companies and the largest in its field in the country (as well as one of the most important Greek companies) during the second half of the 19th century. It was founded in Piraeus in 1859, and along with similar companies like "Ifaistos" and "Kouppas" in the same city, "Neorion" in Syros, "Vlahanis-Petropoulos" in Athens, "Glavanis-Kazazis" in Volos and others founded in the 19th century, mark the contribution of the machine building sector in the Greek Industrial Revolution. The company has also been one of the largest shipyards in Greece, especially during the first half of the 20th century.

neg: Filiki Eteria Filiki Eteria or Society of Friends (Greek: Φιλική Εταιρεία "or" Εταιρεία των Φιλικών ) was a secret 19th-century organization whose purpose was to overthrow the Ottoman rule of Greece and establish an independent Greek state. Society members were mainly young Phanariot Greeks from Russia, Serbs, and local chieftains from Greece. One of its leaders was Alexander Ypsilantis. The Society initiated the Greek War of Independence in the spring of 1821.

neg: The Bostonian Society The Bostonian Society is a non-profit organization that was founded in 1881 for the purpose of preventing the Old State House (built in 1713) from being "moved brick by brick" from Boston, Massachusetts to Chicago, Illinois. Determined to save the historic building that was the site of the Boston Massacre and the place for the proclamation of the Declaration of Independence in Massachusetts, a group of citizens banded together formed "Boston's first successful historic preservation movement".

neg: Boule (ancient Greece) In cities of ancient Greece, the boule (Greek: βουλή , "boulē"; plural βουλαί, "boulai") was a council of 400–500 citizens (βουλευταί, "bouleutai") appointed to run daily affairs of the city. Originally a council of nobles advising a king, "boulai" evolved according to the constitution of the city; in oligarchies "boule" positions might be hereditary, while in democracies members were typically chosen by lot, and served for one year. Little is known about the workings of many "boulai", except in the case of Athens, for which extensive material has survived.


query: Tom Robinson and Miho Hatori, are a singer-songwriter?

pos: Tom Robinson Thomas Giles "Tom" Robinson (born 1 June 1950) is a British singer-songwriter, bassist, radio presenter and long-time LGBT rights activist, best known for the hits "Glad to Be Gay", "2-4-6-8 Motorway", and "Don't Take No for an Answer", with his Tom Robinson Band. He later peaked at No. 6 in the UK Singles Chart with his solo single "War Baby".

pos: Miho Hatori Miho Hatori (羽鳥 美保 , Hatori Miho , born in Tokyo, Japan) is a Japanese singer, songwriter, and musician. She is primarily known as the vocalist of the New York City group Cibo Matto. She is also known for her work with virtual band Gorillaz, as she is the first person to provide the voice of animated member Noodle.

neg: Kaori Kozai Kaori Kozai (香西 かおり , Kōzai Kaori , born 28 August 1963 in Minato-ku, Osaka) is a Japanese "enka" singer. She won best vocalist at the 42nd Japan Record Awards in 2000.

neg: Lee Hong-gi Lee Hong-gi (; ] ; Japanese:イ•ホンギ) is a South Korean singer-songwriter, actor, writer, and fashion designer. He is best known for his singing abilities and being the main singer of the South Korean rock band F.T. Island. Lee released his first solo extended play "FM302" in South Korea on 18 November 2015 and his Japanese album "AM302" on 9 December 2015.

neg: Ryō Tamura (comedian) Ryō Tamura (田村 亮 , Tamura Ryō , born 8 January 1972, in Takatsuki, Osaka) is a Japanese comedian who performs "tsukkomi" (sometimes "boke") and writes the gags for the comedy duo London Boots Ichi-gō Ni-gō. His partner in the duo is Atsushi Tamura.

neg: Haruomi Hosono Haruomi Hosono (細野 晴臣 , Hosono Haruomi , born July 9, 1947) , sometimes credited as Harry Hosono, is a Japanese musician, singer, songwriter and record producer. He is best known internationally as a member of the rock band Happy End and the electronic music band Yellow Magic Orchestra with Yukihiro Takahashi and Ryuichi Sakamoto.

neg: Noriko Ito Noriko Ito (伊藤 乃理子 , Itō Noriko , born 1974) is a Japanese author. Her most famous books are ""Raihu"" (ライフ) and ""Kokoro no Tabi: Naniwa no Tobishokuhen"" (心の旅 なにわの鳶職篇).

neg: Tamurapan Tamurapan (たむらぱん ) is a Japanese pop songwriter and singer. Her real name is Tamura Ayumi (田村歩美 ) , was born in 1980 in Takayama, Gifu, Japan. The name Tamurapan is a combination of her surname: Tamura (田村 ) and the French word for rabbit: Lapin.

neg: Koi o Shichaimashita! "Koi o Shichaimashita!" (恋をしちゃいました！ , I Fell in Love! ) is the sixth single by Morning Musume subgroup Tanpopo. It was released on February 21, 2001 on the Zetima Records label. The single features the group's "second generation" line-up of Ai Kago, Rika Ishikawa, Kaori Iida and Mari Yaguchi. The first press edition contained a limited-edition trading card.

neg: Masumi Itō Masumi Itō (伊藤 真澄 , Itō Masumi , born May 21) (she also goes by the pseudonym Hikaru Nanase (七瀬 光 , Nanase Hikaru ) ) is a Japanese singer and composer from Ibaraki prefecture in Japan. Itō has composed the soundtracks to many anime television shows and is part of the bands Oranges & Lemons and Heart of Air.

neg: Aming Aming (あみん) is female Japanese pop/folk duo composed of Takako Okamura and Haruko Kato that debuted in 1982 with their hit "Matsu wa". However, they disbanded quickly, in November 1983.

neg: Tom Hooker Tom Hooker or Thomas Barbey (born Thomas Beecher Hooker on November 18, 1957) is an American singer and photographer. He was the voice and one of the songwriters behind most songs for popular Italo Disco artist Den Harrow.

neg: Kita no Yadokara Kita no Yadokara (北の宿から , Kita no Yadokara , lit. "From an inn of the north") is a song by Japanese enka singer Harumi Miyako. The song won the 18th Japan Record Awards' Grand Prix Award.

neg: Kiyofumi Ohno Kiyofumi Ohno (オーノキヨフミ, 大野清文 , Ôno Kiyofumi , born September 29, 1978) is a Japanese pop singer-songwriter from Kitami, Hokkaido. He came out with the song "Heibon" in 2004.

neg: Mio Tomonaga Mio Tomonaga (朝長 美桜 , Tomonaga Mio , May 17, 1998) is a Japanese idol singer, a member of the idol girl groups HKT48 and AKB48. In HKT48, she is in Team KIV, and in AKB48 in Team B.

neg: Tom Hickox Tom Hickox is a singer-songwriter from North London, born in 1981. He is the son of Richard Hickox CBE, one of Britain's most renowned conductors and Grammy Award winner with over 280 recordings to his credit. His mother was an orchestral timpanist.

neg: Tomoko Yamaguchi Tomoko Yamaguchi (山口 智子 , Yamaguchi Tomoko , born October 20, 1964) is a Japanese actress and singer from Tochigi. She is the lead actress for the classic j-drama Long Vacation, starring alongside Takuya Kimura.

neg: Sonya Robinson Sonya L. Robinson (born July 29, 1959) is an American musician and songwriter.

neg: Touch Me! Touch Me! is Japanese singer-songwriter Mai Kuraki's eighth studio album, which was released on January 21, 2009, in Japan by her record label . The album was released in two formats; the regular single CD version and a limited CD+DVD version, whose content contained a behind the scenes look at the making of the album, as well an interview and clips from her 2008 tour. The album follows the same pattern as "One Life", in which Kuraki collaborated with new composers.

neg: Tetsurō Oda Tetsurō Oda (織田 哲郎 , Oda Tetsurō , born March 11, 1958) is a Japanese composer, record producer, and singer-songwriter.

neg: Tom Cane Tom Cane is the stage name of British singer-songwriter Thomas Havelock.

neg: Joe Robinson (musician) Joe Robinson (born 25 May 1991), is an Australian guitar player and vocalist. A largely self-taught musician from Temagog, NSW, he is best known for his virtuoso guitar abilities and for winning the 2008 season of Australia's Got Talent.


query: Which movement has its cradle in the neighborhood where the tavern Julius can be found?

pos: Julius (restaurant) Julius, located at 159 West 10th Street at Waverly Place, is a tavern in Manhattan's Greenwich Village neighborhood in New York City. It is often called the oldest continuously operating gay bar in New York City; however, its management was actively unwilling to operate as such and harassed gay customers until 1966.

pos: Greenwich Village Greenwich Village, often referred to by locals as simply "the Village", is a neighborhood on the west side of Lower Manhattan, New York City. Greenwich Village has been known as an artists' haven, the Bohemian capital, the cradle of the modern LGBT movement, and the East Coast birthplace of both the Beat and '60s counterculture movements. "Groenwijck", one of the Dutch names for the village (meaning "Green District"), was Anglicized to "Greenwich". Two of New York's private colleges, New York University (NYU) and the New School, are located in Greenwich Village.

neg: Buttermilk Bottom Buttermilk Bottom, also known as Buttermilk Bottoms or Black Bottom, was an African-American neighborhood in central Atlanta, centered on the area where the Atlanta Civic Center now stands in the Old Fourth Ward. It was considered a slum area, having unpaved streets and no electricity. The name may refer to residents being unable to afford "sweet" milk, or fresh milk, and instead drinking sour, older milk, which was cultured to add longevity and shelf life to the product in the era prior to modern refrigeration.

neg: Ghetto A ghetto is a part of a city in which members of a minority group live, typically as a result of social, legal, or economic pressure. The term was originally used in Venice to describe the part of the city to which Jews were restricted and segregated but the term has since been applied in various contexts.

neg: Ulubrae Ulubrae was an ancient village about 50 kilometers (30 mi) from Rome, past the Three Taverns on the Appian Way, and at the start of the Pontine Marshes. It is known primarily for its use as a byword for a remote and empty location by Latin authors such as Cicero, Juvenal, and Horace. It could have been located, among the other proposed sites, in the territory of the current "comune" of Cisterna di Latina.

neg: Swede Hollow, Saint Paul Swede Hollow was a neighborhood of St. Paul, Minnesota. It was one of a large group of neighborhoods collectively known as the East Side, lying just to the east of the near-downtown Railroad Island neighborhood, and at the northwestern base of Dayton's Bluff. It was capped in the north by the sprawling Hamm's Brewery (with its imposing Hamm family mansion), and in the south by the historic Seventh Street Improvement Arches. Although one of the oldest settlements in the city, it was also arguably the poorest as each wave of immigrants settled in the valley. Swedes, Poles, Italians and Mexicans all at one point called the valley home. A similar community just downstream called Connemara Patch also existed for Irish immigrants.

neg: Fifth Street Historic District Fifth Street Historic District is a national historic district located at Lynchburg, Virginia. The district encompasses 57 contributing buildings and 1 contributing object in a historically African-American section of Lynchburg. It includes a variety of residential, commercial, and institutional buildings, with about half dating to the period spanning from 1875 to 1940. Located in the district are the separately listed Kentucky Hotel, the Western Hotel, the William Phaup House, and the Pyramid Motors building. Other notable buildings include the Augustine Leftwich House (c. 1817), tobacco factories (1877-1885), the Humbles Building (1915), M.R. Scott Meat Market (1919), Miller Tire and Battery Company (1927), Adams Motor Company building (1927), Hoskins Pontiac (1951), Burnett Tire Company (1956), Moser Furniture Company building (1936), Fifth Street Baptist Church (1929), Community Funeral Home (1922), and Tal-Fred Apartments (1940).

neg: Atlas District The Atlas District (also known as the Atlas or the H Street Corridor) is an arts and entertainment district located in the Near Northeast neighborhood of Washington, DC. It runs along the resurgent H Street from the outskirts of Union Station to the crossroads with Fifteenth Street, Bladensburg Road, and Florida Avenue. The name is not historical. It is part of a neighborhood branding campaign built around the revitalized Atlas Theater.

neg: Omonoia, Athens Omonoia (Greek: Ομόνοια ] ) is a neighborhood in downtown Athens, Greece, centered on the square of the same name and served by the Omonoia station of the Athens Metro. Historically the heart of the city, it has experienced serious urban decay in recent years, becoming plagued by drug dealing, prostitution and theft, especially in its western part. Despite that, it is still a focal point for commercial and social life in Athens, especially for the various immigrant communities.

neg: Barbetta Barbetta is an Italian restaurant focused on Piemonte cuisine located at 321 West 46th Street (between 8th Avenue and 9th Avenue) on the Theater District's Restaurant Row in New York City. Founded in 1906, Barbetta is the oldest Italian restaurant in New York and the oldest restaurant in the Theater District. It holds many other firsts from its food innovations.

neg: John Johnson House (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) The John Johnson House (also known as the Johnson House) is a National Historic Landmark in the Germantown section of Philadelphia, significant for its role in the antislavery movement and the Underground Railroad. It is located at 6306 Germantown Avenue and is a contributing property of the Colonial Germantown Historic District, which is also a National Historic Landmark. It is operated today as a museum open to the public.

neg: Climate movement The climate movement is the collective of nongovernmental organizations engaged in activism related to the issues of climate change. It is a subset of the broader environmental movement, but some regard it as a new social movement itself given its scope, strength and activities.

neg: Occupy Eugene Occupy Eugene was a collaboration that occurred in Eugene, Oregon based on the Occupy Wall Street movement which began in New York City on September 17, 2011. Occupy Eugene included peaceful protests and demonstrations. Protesters were concerned about fairness issues regarding wealth-distribution, banking regulation, housing issues and corporate greed. The first protest march was held on October 15, 2011. The march started at the Wayne Morse Free Speech Plaza and continued downtown before marching over Ferry Street Bridge. It was reported that close to 2000 people were in attendance from all over the state of Oregon. Occupy Eugene continues to hold regular protests and actions. Protesters have stated that they do not have a set group of leaders. Occupy Eugene General Assemblies have met from as frequently as twice a day at times during active occupations, and as infrequently as weekly. Many committees have met since at least the third General Assembly - typically weekly, and of course informal conversations are essentially non-stop. Decisions are made through a process known as consensus. Occupy Eugene's consensus process operates in a similar fashion to how consensus is being handled in New York City by protesters involved in Occupy Wall Street. Although the exact method varies from Occupation to Occupation. As of October 18, 2011, The Eugene police department is allowing protesters to camp in downtown Eugene, although city law prohibits it. Eugene police also stated that downtown camping won't be permanently allowed.

neg: Hall Tavern Hall Tavern is an historic tavern at 20 Gray Gardens West Street in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Now converted to residential use, this two story Federal style wood frame building was built in sometime in the late 1790s in Duxbury, Massachusetts, and was moved to this location in 1930. The building is one of a number that were moved in order to preserve them in the early decades of the 20th century, and it is now one of the centerpieces of the Gray Gardens subdivision.

neg: White Horse Tavern (New York City) The White Horse Tavern, located in New York City's borough of Manhattan at Hudson Street and 11th Street, is known for its 1950s and 1960s Bohemian culture. It is one of the few major gathering-places for writers and artists from this period in Greenwich Village (specifically the West Village) that remains open. The bar opened in 1880 but was known more as a longshoremen's bar than a literary center until Dylan Thomas and other writers began frequenting it in the early 1950s. Due to its literary fame, in the past few decades the White Horse has become a popular destination among tourists.

neg: Naturism in Germany Naturism is a cultural and political movement practicing, advocating and defending social nudity in private and in public. It is particularly strong in Germany where it goes under the name Freikörperkultur. It refers to a lifestyle based on personal, family and/or social nudism. Naturism grew out of the German Lebensreform movement and the Wandervogel youth movement of 1896, and has been adopted in many neighbouring European countries and was taken by the German diaspora to North America and other continents.

neg: Irvington, Baltimore Irvington (Baltimore) is a neighborhood in the Southwest District of Baltimore, located between Yale Heights neighborhood to the west and the Gwynns Falls neighborhood to the east. Oldtimers used to call it "Skulltown," a moniker bestowed due to its three sprawling cemeteries. Loudon Park, Mount Olivet and New Cathedral cemeteries still dominate the landscape of this Southwest Baltimore nook.

neg: Brewerytown, Philadelphia Brewerytown is a neighborhood in the North Philadelphia district of the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. An unofficial region, Brewerytown runs approximately between the Schuylkill River's eastern bank and 25th Street, bounded by Cecil B. Moore Avenue to the north and Parrish Street to the south. Brewerytown got its name because of the numerous breweries that were located along the Schuylkill during the late 19th century and early 20th century. It is now primarily a residential neighborhood, with a growing and active commercial sector along Girard Avenue.

neg: Market Square (Pittsburgh) Pittsburgh's Market Square is a public space located in Downtown Pittsburgh at the intersection of Forbes Avenue (originally named Diamond Way in colonial times) and Market Street. The square was home to the first courthouse, first jail (both in 1795) and the first newspaper (1786) west of the Atlantic Plain, the "Pittsburgh Gazette". A public/private modernization in the late 2000s has re-established the square as a social and cultural hub. A great number of restaurants, ranging from fast casual to fine dining, cafes and retailers occupy ground level buildings immediately facing the square, while housing units and offices occupy upper levels.

neg: Tiny house movement The tiny house movement (also known as the "small house movement") is a description for the architectural and social movement that advocates living simply in small homes. There is currently no set definition as to what constitutes as a tiny house; however, a residential structure under 500 sqft is generally accepted to be a tiny home.

neg: DeJarnette's Tavern DeJarnette's Tavern, also sometimes called "DeJarnette House", "Daniel DeJarnette Tavern", or "Staunton River Hunt Club", is a nationally registered historic place near Nathalie, Halifax County, Virginia. This wooden structure with stone foundations and chimneys was built in the late eighteenth century, perhaps about 1780, and consists of one and one-half stories, with a supra-attic and cellar. Most of the first floor was occupied by a large tavern room.

neg: MOVE MOVE is a Philadelphia-based black liberation group founded by John Africa (born Vincent Leaphart) in 1972. The group lives communally. Its members frequently engage in public demonstrations against racism, police brutality, and other issues.


query: What Swedish district was Christopher Chaplin born in?

pos: Christopher Chaplin Christopher James Chaplin (born 6 July 1962 in Corsier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland) is a Swiss-born English composer and actor. He is the youngest son of film comedian Charlie Chaplin and his fourth wife, Oona O'Neill.

pos: Corsier-sur-Vevey Corsier-sur-Vevey is a municipality in the district of Riviera-Pays-d'Enhaut in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

neg: Vidkärr Vidkärr is a district in Gothenburg, Sweden which belongs to Härlanda borough. The district is demarcated by the districts Strömmensberg to the west, Torpa to the east, Kålltorp to the south (by Torpagatan) and by the road E20 to the north. Vidkärr is quite commonly referred to as "Munkebäck". The commuter train between Gothenburg and Alingsås stops here at "Sävenäs".

neg: Skarpnäcks gård Skarpnäcks gård is a district (Swedish: "stadsdel" ) in Skarpnäck in Stockholm Municipality, Sweden. Skarpnäcks Gård has 10,348 inhabitants as of December 31, 2007.

neg: Reimersholme Reimersholme is a small island in central Stockholm, lying to the west of Södermalm and to the south of the neighbouring island Långholmen. s of 2006 Reimersholme is inhabited by 2,324 people, living in 1,527 dwellings, and with an average annual income of SEK 306,500. 12 percent of the inhabitants have a foreign background. Until June 24, 1798 Reimersholme was called Räkneholmen. Its present name refers to Anders Reimer (1727-1816), a hatter and magistrate whose estate can still be found on the east side of the island.

neg: Barkarby Barkarby is a district of Järfälla Municipality, Stockholm County, Sweden and part of the contiguously built-up Stockholm urban area.

neg: Kungälv Kungälv is a city and the seat of Kungälv Municipality in Västra Götaland County, Sweden. It had 22,768 inhabitants in 2010.

neg: Garnisonen Garnisonen ("Garrison") is a district in Linköping, which was previously the site of the two military units closed down in July 1997, Life Grenadier Regiment (I 4) and Svea Artillery Regiment (A 1). In 2000, the district was formed by division of Ekkällan.

neg: Lindesberg Municipality Lindesberg Municipality ("Lindesbergs kommun") is a municipality in Örebro County in central Sweden. Its seat is located in the city of Lindesberg.

neg: Hammarbyhöjden Hammarbyhöjden is a suburban city district in Stockholm, Sweden. The district is split across two boroughs: Most of it is located in Skarpnäck borough, the subdistrict Blåsut is located in the Enskede-Årsta-Vantör borough. As of December 31, 2007, Hammarbyhöjden had 8,143 inhabitants.

neg: Ältasjön Ältasjön (Swedish: "Lake of Älta") is a lake in southern Stockholm, Sweden, located north-east of Lake Flaten and named for the vicinity to the urban district Älta.

neg: Södertälje Municipality Södertälje Municipality ("Södertälje kommun") is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. Its seat is located in the city of Södertälje.

neg: Kronborg, Malmö Kronborg is a neighbourhood of Malmö, situated in the Borough of Västra Innerstaden, Malmö Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden.

neg: Kungsbacka Municipality Kungsbacka Municipality ("Kungsbacka kommun") is a municipality in Halland County on the Swedish west coast, some 30 km south of Gothenburg. The municipal seat is located in the town Kungsbacka.

neg: Haaga Haaga (Swedish: "Haga" ) is a district and a former municipality in the Western major district of Helsinki with a population of 25,435.

neg: Kungshög, Malmö Kungshög is a neighbourhood of the Borough of Oxie, Malmö Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden.

neg: Stockholm Court House The Stockholm Court House (Swedish: "Stockholms rådhus" ) is situated on Kungsholmen in Central Stockholm, Sweden. The building is connected to the Stockholm Police House through an underground pedestrian walkway. The Stockholm District Court is situated in the building.

neg: Strömmensberg Strömmensberg is a district in Gothenburg, Sweden, which belongs to Örgryte. It is a part of the officially defined residential district Bagaregården.

neg: Michael Chaplin (actor) Michael John Chaplin (born 7 March 1946) is an American actor born in Santa Monica, California. He is the second child and eldest son from Charlie Chaplin's fourth and final marriage, to Oona O'Neill.

neg: Kålltorp Kålltorp is a district in Härlanda, Gothenburg, Sweden.

neg: Hofors Municipality Hofors Municipality ("Hofors kommun") is a municipality in Gävleborg County, east central Sweden. Its seat is in Hofors with 7,400 inhabitants, situated at .

neg: Varissuo Varissuo (Finnish; "Kråkkärret" in Swedish) is a district and the largest suburb of the city of Turku, in Finland. It is located seven kilometres to the east of the city centre, and is the easternmost major suburb of Turku, bordering on the neighbouring city of Kaarina. Varissuo has 9,000 inhabitants, about 32 per cent of whom are foreign immigrants. It is thus the second largest district of Turku, after Runosmäki. The name consists of the words "varis" meaning crow and "suo" meaning marsh.


query: Orlando Trustfull was brought in by this Dutch former footballer born in what year

pos: Orlando Trustfull Orlando Trustfull (born 4 August 1970 in Amsterdam) is a Dutch football manager and a former professional player. He was the assistant manager at Internazionale and was brought in by Frank de Boer. As of the start of the 2017–18 season he joined de Boer as a member of the coaching staff at Crystal Palace.

pos: Frank de Boer Franciscus "Frank" de Boer (] ; born 15 May 1970) is a Dutch former footballer and manager.

neg: Roy Wesseling Roy Wesseling (born 25 October 1964 in Haarlem) is a Dutch football manager and former player.

neg: Ronald Spelbos Ronald Spelbos (born 8 July 1954 in Utrecht) is a Dutch former football player and manager. He played central defense. He earned 21 caps for the Netherlands, scoring a goal in his last international, against Cyprus on October 28, 1987 in an 8-0 win that was later annulled because of crowd violence. He was a candidate to be selected for the Dutch team in the 1988 European Championships, but suffered a knee injury which ended his career.

neg: Co Adriaanse Jacobus "Co" Adriaanse (] , born 21 July 1947) is a Dutch football manager and former footballer.

neg: Roger Van Gool Roger Van Gool (born 1 June 1950) is a former international Belgian footballer.

neg: Ronald Graafland Ronald Graafland (] ; born 30 April 1979 in Rotterdam) is a former Dutch footballer who played for Feyenoord, Excelsior, Vitesse Arnhem and Ajax.

neg: Henk ten Cate Henk ten Cate (] , born 9 December 1954) is a Dutch football manager, former professional player, and current coach of Al Jazira.

neg: Jordi Cruyff Johan Jordi Cruijff (] , anglicised to Cruyff; born 9 February 1974) is a Dutch former footballer. Cruyff is currently Maccabi Tel Aviv's manager. He is the son of Dutch former player and manager Johan Cruyff.

neg: Denny Landzaat Denny Domingues Landzaat (] , born 6 May 1976 in Amsterdam) is a Dutch former footballer who mostly played as a defensive midfielder.

neg: Marciano Vink Marciano Carlos Alberto Vink (born October 17, 1970 in Paramaribo, Suriname) is a former Dutch football player. Throughout his career he played primarily as a right defensive midfielder and as a right central defender. He most notably played for Ajax and PSV in the Eredivisie and Genoa in the Serie A. Injury prone since the very beginning of his career, he was forced to quit prematurely at the age of 28.

neg: Jermaine Holwyn Jermaine Titano Benito Holwyn (born 16 April 1973) is a Dutch former footballer.

neg: Danzyl Bruwer Danzyl Bruwer (born 5 November 1976) is a Namibian footballer formerly with Ajax Cape Town FC in the Premier Soccer League of South Africa. A Namibia international, Bruwer was included in the squad in the 1998 African Cup of Nations. In December 2008, Bruwer tested positive for use of an illegal substance. Bruwer did not return to the club to defend himself of the charge, and instead remained in Namibia. Ajax Cape Town then terminated his contract, which had two years remaining on it at the time.

neg: Mino Raiola Carmine "Mino" Raiola ] ; born 4 November 1967) is an Italian-born Dutch football agent representing a number of well known players, including Zlatan Ibrahimović, Paul Pogba, Romelu Lukaku, Henrikh Mkhitaryan, Marco Verratti, Gianluigi Donnarumma and Italian striker Mario Balotelli. He was also the agent of former Czech midfielder Pavel Nedvěd for many years.

neg: Robert Maaskant Robert Patrick Maaskant (] ) (born January 10, 1969 in Schiedam, Netherlands) is a former Dutch football midfielder and current manager.

neg: Theo de Jong Theodorus ("Theo") Jacob de Jong (born 11 August 1947 in Leeuwarden) is a former Dutch footballer and now coach in Nigerian Premier League at Ikorodu United F.C..

neg: Ramon Zomer Ramon Zomer (] , born 13 April 1983) is a former Dutch professional footballer who played as a centre back. Zomer played for the Netherlands national under-21 football team.

neg: Lee Young-pyo Lee Young-pyo (Korean: 이영표 ; ] ; born 23 April 1977) is a retired South Korean footballer. Lee was recognized for his speed and dribbling skills. His former manager Martin Jol once called him "the best left-back in Holland".

neg: Willy van de Kerkhof Wilhelmus "Willy" Antonius van de Kerkhof (] ; born 16 September 1951) is a Dutch former footballer who played as a midfielder.

neg: Romano Denneboom Romano Joël Denneboom (born 29 January 1981) is a former Dutch professional footballer.

neg: Pierre van Hooijdonk Petrus Ferdinandus Johannes "Pierre" van Hooijdonk (] ; born 29 November 1969) is a retired Dutch international footballer who played as a striker. He had spells with clubs across Europe where he was a prolific goal scorer. Van Hooijdonk was capped 46 times for the Dutch national team for whom he scored 14 goals, and played in the 1998 FIFA World Cup, Euro 2000 and Euro 2004. He was also noted for his spectacular free kicks.

neg: Carlos Hasselbaink Carlos Hasselbaink (born December 13, 1968 in Paramaribo, Suriname) is a former Dutch football (soccer) player. He played as a striker for several Dutch clubs, including AZ Alkmaar, Telstar, VVV-Venlo, FC Utrecht and HFC Haarlem, before retiring in 2005. He is the older brother of former Chelsea and Middlesbrough striker Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink.


query: The Symes Hotel is located in a town that had how many inhabitants in 2010 ?

pos: Symes Hotel The Symes Hotel at 209 N. Wall St. in Hot Springs, Montana was built in Mission/Spanish Revival style during 1929-1930. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998; the listing included 10 contributing buildings and one contributing structure. It has also been known as Symes Medical Springs and as Symes Medicine Springs.

pos: Hot Springs, Montana Hot Springs is a town on the Flathead Indian Reservation in Sanders County, Montana, United States. The population was 544 at the 2010 census. Founded in 1910, it was incorporated in 1929.

neg: Island Falls, Maine Island Falls is a town in Aroostook County, Maine, United States. The population was 837 at the 2010 census. Island Falls took its name from an island in the stream at the verge of a waterfall.

neg: Troy, Maine Troy is a town in Waldo County, Maine, United States. The population was 1,030 at the 2010 census.

neg: Falmouth, Maine Falmouth is a town in Cumberland County, Maine, United States. The population was 11,185 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Portland–South Portland–Biddeford, Maine metropolitan statistical area.

neg: Osby Osby is a locality and the seat of Osby Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden with 7,157 inhabitants in 2010.

neg: Columbia, Maine Columbia is a town in Washington County, Maine, United States. The population was 486 at the 2010 census.

neg: New Castle, New York New Castle is a town in Westchester County, New York, United States. The population was 17,569 at the 2010 census.

neg: Southbury, Connecticut Southbury is a town in western New Haven County, Connecticut, USA. Southbury is north of Oxford and Newtown, and east of Brookfield. Its population was 19,904 at the 2010 census.

neg: Medford, Maine Medford is a town in Piscataquis County, Maine, United States. The population was 254 at the 2010 census.

neg: Waterbury, Vermont Waterbury is a town in Washington County in central Vermont, United States. It is also the name of a village within that town. The population of the town was 5,064 at the 2010 census.

neg: Telford Telford is a large new town in the borough of Telford and Wrekin and ceremonial county of Shropshire, England, about 13 mi east of Shrewsbury, and 30 mi north west of Birmingham. With an estimated population (for the borough) of 170,300 in 2010 and around 155,000 in Telford itself, Telford is the largest town in Shropshire, and one of the fastest-growing towns in the United Kingdom.

neg: Montville, Maine Montville is a town in Waldo County, Maine, United States. The population was 1,032 at the 2010 census.

neg: Thame Thame is a market town and civil parish in Oxfordshire, about 13 mi east of the city of Oxford and 10 mi southwest of the Buckinghamshire town of Aylesbury. It derives its toponym from the River Thame which flows along the north side of the town. The parish includes the hamlet of Moreton south of the town. The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 11,561.

neg: New Sweden, Maine New Sweden is a town in Aroostook County, Maine, United States. The population was 602 at the 2010 census.

neg: Stacyville, Maine Stacyville is a town in Penobscot County, Maine, United States. The population was 396 at the 2010 census.

neg: Torshälla Torshälla (] ) is a locality situated in Eskilstuna Municipality, Södermanland County, Sweden with 7,612 inhabitants in 2010. It is mainly known for steel manufacturing, centered on the Nyby Bruk steel mill, and also for its historic old town centre.

neg: Wareham, Massachusetts Wareham is a town in Plymouth County, Massachusetts, United States. As of the 2010 census, the town had a population of 21,822.

neg: Albion, Maine Albion is a town in Kennebec County, Maine, United States. The population was 2,041 at the 2010 census.

neg: Granby, New York Granby is a town in Oswego County, New York, United States. The population was 6,821 at the 2010 census.

neg: Bradford on Avon Bradford on Avon (sometimes Bradford-on-Avon) is a town and civil parish in west Wiltshire, England, with a population of 9,402 at the 2011 census. The town's canal, historic buildings, shops, pubs and restaurants make it popular with tourists.

neg: Hampton, New Hampshire Hampton is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 14,976 at the 2010 census. Located beside the Atlantic Ocean, Hampton is home to Hampton Beach, a summer tourist destination.


query: What was the predominant Western and Central European culture of Early Iron Age Europe from the 8th to 6th centuries BC that  the lakeside village of Hallstatt, Austria is considered the model ?

pos: Type site In archaeology a type site (also known as a type-site or typesite) is a site that is considered the model of a particular archaeological culture. For example, the type site of the Pre-Pottery Neolithic A culture is Jericho, in the West Bank. A type site is also often the eponym (the site after which the culture is named). For example, the type site of the pre-Celtic/Celtic Bronze Age Hallstatt culture is the lakeside village of Hallstatt, Austria.

pos: Hallstatt culture The Hallstatt culture was the predominant Western and Central European culture of Early Iron Age Europe from the 8th to 6th centuries BC, developing out of the Urnfield culture of the 12th century BC (Late Bronze Age) and followed in much of its area by the La Tène culture. It is commonly associated with Proto-Celtic and Celtic populations in the Western Hallstatt zone and with (pre-)Illyrians in the eastern Hallstatt zone.

neg: Münstermaifeld Münstermaifeld ( [ˌmʏnstɐˈmaɪfɛlt]) is a town in the district Mayen-Koblenz, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is part of the "Verbandsgemeinde" ("collective municipality") Maifeld. It is situated south-east of Mayen, a few km from the Moselle River and the castle Eltz. The first (b.c.) residents of the region were Celts. The old church is based on a Roman castle-tower. After the Romans, the Franks (Charlemagne) arrived in the 9th century. In the Middle Ages (1277) Münstermaifeld received town privileges and was governed by the bishop of Trier. It is one of the oldest towns in Rhineland-Palatinate and, with its 3,400 citizens, one of the smallest.

neg: Nordic Stone Age The Nordic Stone Age refers to the Stone Age of Scandinavia. During the Weichselian glaciation, almost all of Scandinavia was buried beneath a thick permanent ice cover and the Stone Age came rather late to this region. As the climate slowly warmed up at the end of the ice age, nomadic hunters from central Europe sporadically visited the region, but it was not until around 12,000 BCE before permanent, but nomadic, habitation took root.

neg: Central European Central European culture is a part of both Western and more specifically European culture typical to geographical, cultural and political region of Central Europe.

neg: Trzciniec culture The Trzciniec culture is a Bronze-Age archaeological culture in Eastern Europe (c. 1900 – 1200 BC). It is sometimes associated with the Komarov neighbouring culture, as the Trzciniec-Komarov culture.

neg: Pfahlbaumuseum Unteruhldingen Pfahlbaumuseum Unteruhldingen (German for 'Stilt house museum') is an archaeological open-air museum on Lake Constance (Bodensee) in Unteruhldingen, Germany, consisting of reconstructions of stilt houses or lake dwellings from the Neolithic Stone Age and Bronze Age.

neg: Hatvan culture The Hatvan culture was a Hungarian Bronze Age archaeological culture that succeeded the Nagyrév culture. Burials were carried out via cremation. Settlements were often fortified; containing long rectangular houses made of timber and daub. It was named after Hatvan, Hungary.

neg: Vix Grave The area around the village of Vix in northern Burgundy, France is the site of an important prehistoric complex from the Celtic Late Hallstatt and Early La Tène periods, comprising an important fortified settlement and several burial mounds. The most famous of the latter, the Vix Grave, also known as the grave of the Lady of Vix, dates to circa 500 BC. Her grave had never been looted and contained remarkably rich grave offerings (collectively sometimes known as the "Trésor de Vix"), including a great deal of jewellery and the Vix krater, the largest known metal vessel from Western classical antiquity, being 1.63 m (5'4") in height.

neg: Pfyn culture The Pfyn Culture is one of several archaeological cultures of the Neolithic period in Switzerland. It dates from c. 3900 BC to c. 3500 BC.

neg: Kastri culture The Kastri culture (Greek: Καστρί ) refers to a "cultural" dating system used for the Cycladic culture that flourished during the early Bronze Age in Greece. It spans the period ca. 2500–2200 BC and was named by Colin Renfrew, after the fortified settlement of Kastri near Chalandriani on the Cycladic island of Syros. In Renfrew's system, Kastri culture follows the Keros-Syros culture. However, some archaeologists believe that the Keros-Syros and Kastri cultures belong to the same phase. Others describe this period as the "Early Cycladic III (ECIII)".

neg: Solnitsata Solnitsata (Bulgarian: Солницата , "The Saltworks") was an ancient town located in present-day Bulgaria, near the modern city of Provadia. Believed by Bulgarian archaeologists to be the oldest town in Europe, Solnitsata was the site of a salt production facility approximately six millennia ago; it flourished ca 4700-4200 BC. The settlement was walled to protect the salt, a crucial commodity in antiquity. Although its population has been estimated at only 350, archaeologist Vassil Nikolov argues that it meets established criteria as a prehistoric city.

neg: Celts The Celts ( or , see pronunciation of "Celt" for different usages) were an Indo-European people in Iron Age and Medieval Europe who spoke Celtic languages and had cultural similarities, although the relationship between ethnic, linguistic and cultural factors in the Celtic world remains uncertain and controversial. The exact geographic spread of the ancient Celts is also disputed; in particular, the ways in which the Iron Age inhabitants of Great Britain and Ireland should be regarded as Celts has become a subject of controversy.

neg: List of Bronze Age states The Bronze Age is a period, 3300 - 1200 BC, characterized by the use of copper and its alloy bronze and proto-writing, and other features of urban civilization, circa 3300 BC to 1200 BC. The Bronze Age is the second principal period of the three-age Stone-Bronze-Iron system, as proposed in modern times by Christian Jürgensen Thomsen, for classifying and studying ancient societies. Ancient civilizations can be in the Bronze Age either by smelting its own copper and alloying with tin, or by trading for bronze from production areas elsewhere. Worldwide, the Bronze Age generally followed the Neolithic period. but in some parts of the world, the Copper Age served as a transition from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age.

neg: Stone circles in the British Isles and Brittany The stone circles in the British Isles and Brittany were constructed as a part of a megalithic tradition that lasted from 3300 to 900 BCE, during the Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Ages. It has been estimated that around 4,000 of these monuments were originally constructed in this part of north-western Europe during this period, although only around 1,300 of them are recorded, the others having been destroyed.

neg: Globular Amphora culture The Globular Amphora Culture (GAC), German Kugelamphoren-Kultur (KAK), ca. 3400–2800 BC, is an archaeological culture, thought to be of Indo-European origin, preceding the Corded Ware culture in its central area. Somewhat to the south and west, it was bordered by the Baden culture. To the northeast was the Narva culture. It occupied much of the same area as the earlier Funnelbeaker culture. The name was coined by Gustaf Kossinna because of the characteristic pottery, globular-shaped pots with two to four handles.

neg: Grotta-Pelos culture The Grotta-Pelos culture (Greek: Γρόττα-Πηλός ) refers to a "cultural" dating system used for part of the early Bronze Age in Greece. Specifically, it is the period that marks the beginning of the so-called Cycladic culture and spans the Neolithic period in the late 4th millennium BC (ca. 3300 BC), continuing in the Bronze Age to about 2700 BC.

neg: Animal style Animal style art is an approach to decoration found from China to Northern Europe in the early Iron Age, and the barbarian art of the Migration Period, characterized by its emphasis on animal motifs. The zoomorphic style of decoration was used to decorate small objects by warrior-herdsmen, whose economy was based entirely on animals and plunder.

neg: Prehistoric Albania Prehistoric Albania, compared to the other regions of the Mediterranean Europe, was relatively lately inhabited by "Homo sapiens". The earliest known human settlement dates back to the Upper Paleolithic, 40,000 BC in the Kryegjata Valley, near the antique site of Apollonia. Several further Paleolithic sites have been excavated, out of which the most prominent ones are the cave of Konispol (24,700 BC), the flint tools found near Xarrë, the shelters of the Blaz Cave near Urakë and the habitation of Mount Dajt, then during the period of the Mesolithic the aforementioned Kryegjata, Konispol and Gajtan sites represent more developed stone, flint and horn tools. Another important site of the Mesolithic industrial activity is the flint mine of Goranxi that was in operation around 7,000 BC.

neg: Talaiotic culture The Talaiotic Culture or Talaiotic Period is the name used to describe the society that existed on the Gymnesian Islands (the easternmost Balearic Islands) during the Iron Age. Its origins date from the end of the second millennium BC, when the inaccurately named Pre-Talaiotic Culture underwent a crisis and evolved into the Talaiotic Culture. Its name is derived from the talaiots, which are the most abundant and emblematic structures from the prehistoric period of the Balearic Islands.

neg: History of Austria The history of Austria covers the history of Austria and its predecessor states, from the early Stone Age to the present state. The name "Ostarrîchi" (Austria) has been in use since 996 AD when it was a margravate of the Duchy of Bavaria and from 1156 an independent duchy (later archduchy) of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation ("Heiliges Römisches Reich" 962–1806).

neg: Rifnik Hill Rifnik Hill is a hill with an archaeological open-air museum located in eastern Slovenia. The archaeological park consists of reconstruction of a Hallstatt culture house (from the late Bronze Age), there were also found the early Iron Age burial mounds on its northern and eastern slopes, a temple dedicated to Aqvon, the deity of the Voglajna river was built in Late Roman era, on the foundations of which later an Early Christian church was built, and, additionally on its western edge another church where Arianism was practiced.