query: When did the invasion last in which the human shield action to Iraq was a strategy to prevent bombings of certain locations?

pos: Human shield action to Iraq Human shield action to Iraq was a group of people who travelled to Iraq to act as human shields with the aim of preventing the U.S.-led coalition troops from bombing certain locations during the 2003 invasion of Iraq.

pos: 2003 invasion of Iraq The 2003 invasion of Iraq lasted from 20 March to 1 May 2003 and signalled the start of the Iraq War, which was dubbed Operation Iraqi Freedom by the United States (prior to 19 March, the mission in Iraq was called Operation Enduring Freedom, a carryover from the War in Afghanistan). The invasion consisted of 21 days of major combat operations, in which a combined force of troops from the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia and Poland invaded Iraq and deposed the Ba'athist government of Saddam Hussein. The invasion phase consisted primarily of a conventionally fought war which included the capture of the Iraqi capital of Baghdad by American forces with the implicit assistance of the United Kingdom, alongside Australia and Poland.

neg: Operation Marne Torch Operation "Marne Torch" refers to two operations launched by Coalition forces in 2007 against al-Qaeda in Iraq in the Arab Jabour area of Babil province. This campaign is named after Operation Torch, the joint US/British invasion of French North Africa in 1942, presumably because of the two operations' similar thrust in to the enemies southern underbelly.

neg: Operation Dawn 6 Operation Dawn 6 (Operation "Valfajr" 6 in Persian) was a military operation conducted by the forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran against the armed forces of Saddam Hussein's Iraq. It lasted from 22 to 24 February 1984 and, along with Operation Dawn 5, it was part of a larger strategic operation to secure part of the Baghdad–Basra highway, thus cutting two of Iraq's most important cities from each other, and threatening the network supplying the Iraqi military on the front line. Operation Before the Dawn succeeded in capturing some high ground 15 miles from the highway, and Operation Dawn 6 was designed to exploit the Iranians' capture with a breakthrough towards the highway. However, the operation met an Iraqi defence which stood up to every attack, and the Iranians called off the attack after only two days. This led to Operation Kheibar, the re-focus of the Iranian offensive towards Basra directly.

neg: 2017 Deir ez-Zor missile strike On 18 June 2017, under Operation Laylat al-Qadr (Persian: عملیات لیلةالقدر  ), Iran's Islamic Revolution Guards Corps (IRGC) fired six surface-to-surface mid-range ballistic missile from domestic bases targeting ISIL forces in the Syrian Deir ez-Zor Governorate in response to the terrorist attacks in Tehran earlier that month. Next day, the IRGC published aerial videos recorded by the Damascus-based IRGC drones flying over the city during the operation, confirming that the missiles had successfully hit the targets with precision. The attack constituted the first operational use of Iran's ballistic missiles since the Iran-Iraq war of the 1980s.

neg: 21 April 2004 Basra bombings On April 21, 2004, a series of large car bomb explosions ripped through Basra, Iraq. Seventy-four people died and more than 100 were injured. The attacks were some of the deadliest in southern Iraq since the fall of President Saddam Hussein.

neg: July 2013 Iraq attacks During the first two weeks of July 2013, a series of coordinated bombings and shootings struck across several cities in Iraq, killing at least 389 people and injuring more than 800 others.

neg: Turkish Armed Forces casualties in Syria A Turkish military intervention in Syria started on 24 August 2016, code-named by Turkey as "Operation Euphrates Shield," an ongoing cross-border operation by the Turkish military and allied groups in the Syrian Civil War. Operations were ongoing in the region between the Euphrates river to the east and the rebel-held area around Azaz to the west. The Turkish military and Turkey-backed Syrian rebel groups, some of which use the Free Syrian Army (FSA) label, have been fighting against forces of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) as well as against the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) since 24 August 2016.

neg: Multi-National Force – Iraq The Multi-National Force – Iraq (MNF–I), often referred to as the coalition forces, was a military command during the 2003 invasion of Iraq and much of the ensuing Iraq War, led by the United States of America (Operation Iraqi Freedom), United Kingdom (Operation TELIC), Australia, Spain and Poland, responsible for conducting and handling military operations.

neg: Allied bombing of Yugoslavia in World War II The Allied bombing of Yugoslavia in World War II involved air attacks on cities and towns in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia by the United States Army Air Force (USAAF) and Royal Air Force (RAF), including the Balkan Air Force (BAF), between 1941 and 1945, during which period the entire country was occupied by the Axis powers. Dozens of Yugoslav cities and towns were bombed, many repeatedly. These attacks included intensive air support for partisan operations in May–June 1944, and a bombing campaign against transport infrastructure in September 1944 as the German "Wehrmacht" withdrew from the Balkans. This latter operation was known as Operation "Ratweek". Some of the attacks caused significant civilian casualties.

neg: Opération Daguet Opération Daguet (] , "Operation Brocket") was the codename for French operations during the 1991 Gulf War. The conflict was between Iraq and a coalition force of approximately 30 nations led by the United States and mandated by the United Nations in order to liberate Kuwait.

neg: Operation Plymouth Rock During the Post-invasion of Iraq, Operation Plymouth Rock was a major anti-insurgent sweep of an area south of Baghdad launched on 23 November 2004. Iraqi, American and British troops took part. Elements of the American 24th Marine Expeditionary Unit and the British Black Watch Regiment took part.

neg: Opposition to military action against Iran According to most U.S. news networks, a majority of Americans support United States or Israeli military action against Iran. Other, more recent, polls point out that Americans "back a newly brokered nuclear deal with Iran by a 2-to-1 margin and are very wary of the United States resorting to military action against Tehran even if the historic diplomatic effort falls". Organised opposition to a possible future military attack against Iran by the United States (US) and/or Israel is known to have started during 2005–2006. Beginning in early 2005, journalists, activists and academics such as Seymour Hersh, Scott Ritter, Joseph Cirincione and Jorge E. Hirsch began publishing claims that United States' concerns over the allege threat posed by the possibility that Iran may have a nuclear weapons program might lead the US government to take military action against that country. These reports, and the concurrent escalation of tensions between Iran and some Western governments, prompted the formation of grassroots organisations, including Campaign Against Sanctions and Military Intervention in Iran in the US and the United Kingdom, to advocate against potential military strikes on Iran. Additionally, several individuals, grassroots organisations and international governmental organisations, including the Director-General of the International Atomic Energy Agency, Mohamed ElBaradei, a former United Nations weapons inspector in Iraq, Scott Ritter, Nobel Prize winners including Shirin Ebadi, Mairead Corrigan-Maguire and Betty Williams, Harold Pinter and Jody Williams, Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, Code Pink, the Non-Aligned Movement of 118 states, and the Arab League, have publicly stated their opposition to such an attack.

neg: Operation Alljah Operation Alljah was an operation launched by Coalition forces in Iraq, mainly U.S. Marines, in June 2007 to secure the neighborhoods of Fallujah. The strategy of the operation was somewhat based on a successful operation in Ramadi conducted in 2006. Insurgents in the town of Karma nearby were also targeted during the operation, which was part of the overall operation Phantom Thunder.

neg: Operation Phantom Strike Operation "Phantom Strike" was a major offensive launched by the Multi-National Corps - Iraq on 15 August 2007 in a crackdown to disrupt al-Qaeda insurgents in Iraq (ISI) and Shia extremist operations in Iraq. It consisted of a number of simultaneous operations throughout Iraq focused on pursuing remaining ISI terrorists and Iranian-supported extremist groups. It was concluded in January 2008 and followed up with Operation Phantom Phoenix.

neg: Operation Imposing Law Operation "Imposing Law, also known as Operation "Law and Order (Arabic:   عملية القانون والنظام "'amaliat al-qaanoon wa an-nazaam), Operation "Fardh al-Qanoon" (Arabic:   فرض القانون) or Baghdad Security Plan (BSP), was a joint Coalition-Iraqi security plan conducted throughout Baghdad. Under the Surge plan developed in late 2006, Baghdad was to be divided into nine zones, with Iraqi and American soldiers working side-by-side to clear each sector of Shiite militias and Sunni insurgents and establish Joint Security Stations so that reconstruction programs could begin in safety. The U.S. military commander in Iraq, David Petraeus, went so far as to say Iraq would be "doomed" if this plan failed. Numerous members of Congress stated the plan was a critical period for the U.S. presence in Iraq.

neg: 30 September 2004 Baghdad bombing 30 September 2004 Baghdad bombing was a series of bombings targeting U.S. soldiers handing out sweets to the Iraqi children at the celebration during the opening of a water treatment plant in the Amil District of Baghdad. The bombings killed at least 41, including 35 children, and wounded 131, including 10 U.S. soldiers.

neg: War on Terror The War on Terror (WoT), also known as the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT), is a metaphor of war referring to the international military campaign that was launched by the U.S. government after the September 11 attacks in the U.S. in 2001.<ref name="Schmitt/slogan"> </ref> U.S. president George W. Bush first used the term ""war on terrorism"" on 16 September 2001, and then ""war on terror"" a few days later in a formal speech to Congress. In the latter speech, George Bush stated, "Our enemy is a radical network of terrorists and every government that supports them." The term was originally used with a particular focus on countries associated with al-Qaeda. The term was immediately criticised by such people as Richard B. Myers, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and more nuanced ones subsequently came to be used by the Bush administration to publicly define the international campaign led by the U.S.; it was never used as a formal designation of U.S. operations in internal government documentation.

neg: Order of battle of the Gulf War ground campaign This is the order of battle for the ground campaign in the Gulf War between Coalition Forces and Iraqi Forces between 24–28 February 1991. The order that they are listed in are from west to east. Iraqi units that were not in the Kuwaiti Theater of Operations are excluded from this list. Some Iraqi divisions remained un-identified by American intelligence and a number of the details of the Iraqi order of battle are in dispute among various authoritative sources.

neg: Iraqi insurgency (2011–13) The Iraqi insurgency, later referred to as the Iraq Crisis, escalated after the withdrawal of U.S. troops in 2011, resulting in violent conflict with the central government, as well as sectarian violence among Iraq's religious groups.

neg: Protests against the Iraq War Beginning in 2002, and continuing after the 2003 invasion of Iraq, large-scale protests against the Iraq War were held in many cities worldwide, often coordinated to occur simultaneously around the world. After the biggest series of demonstrations, on February 15, 2003, "New York Times" writer Patrick Tyler claimed that they showed that there were two superpowers on the planet: the United States and worldwide public opinion.

neg: United Nations Security Council Resolution 661 In United Nations Security Council resolution 661, adopted on 6 August 1990, reaffirming Resolution 660 (1990) and noting Iraq's refusal to comply with it and Kuwait's right of self-defence, the Council took steps to implement international sanctions on Iraq under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter. This was the second resolution by the Security Council over the invasion of Kuwait.


query: Who created the engines used in the aircraft of the aviator who completed the first solo transatlantic flight?

pos: Frederick Rentschler Frederick Brant Rentschler (November 8, 1887 – April 25, 1956) was an American aircraft engine designer, aviation engineer, industrialist, and the founder of Pratt & Whitney Aircraft. Rentschler created and manufactured many revolutionary aircraft engines, including those used in the aircraft of Charles Lindbergh, Amelia Earhart and James Doolittle. He is also a co-founder of United Aircraft and Transport Corporation, the predecessor of United Technologies Corporation.

pos: Charles Lindbergh Charles Augustus Lindbergh (February 4, 1902 – August 26, 1974), nicknamed Slim, Lucky Lindy, and The Lone Eagle, was an American aviator, military officer, author, inventor, explorer, and environmental activist. At age 25 in 1927, he went from obscurity as a U.S. Air Mail pilot to instantaneous world fame by making his Orteig Prizewinning nonstop flight from Long Island, New York, to Paris. He covered the 33 ⁄ -hour, 3,600 smi alone in a single-engine purpose-built Ryan monoplane, "Spirit of St. Louis". This was the first solo transatlantic flight and the first non-stop flight between North America and mainland Europe. Lindbergh was an officer in the U.S. Army Air Corps Reserve, and he received the United States' highest military decoration, the Medal of Honor, for the feat.

neg: Messerschmitt Bf 109 operational history The Messerschmitt Bf 109 was a German World War II fighter aircraft designed by Willy Messerschmitt and Robert Lusser during the early to mid-1930s. It was one of the first true modern fighters of the era, including such features as all-metal monocoque construction, a closed canopy, a retractable landing gear, and was powered by a liquid-cooled, inverted-V12 aero engine.

neg: Albert Cushing Read Albert Cushing Read, Sr. (April 29, 1887 – October 10, 1967) was an aviator and Rear Admiral in the United States Navy. He made the first transatlantic flight in the "NC-4" Curtiss flying boat.

neg: Biplane A biplane is a fixed-wing aircraft with two main wings stacked one above the other. The first powered, controlled aeroplane to fly, the Wright Flyer, used a biplane wing arrangement, as did many aircraft in the early years of aviation. While a biplane wing structure has a structural advantage over a monoplane, it produces more drag than a similar unbraced or cantilever monoplane wing. Improved structural techniques, better materials and the quest for greater speed made the biplane configuration obsolete for most purposes by the late 1930s.

neg: Curtiss Eagle The Curtiss Eagle (retroactively designated the Model 19 by Curtiss some years later) was an airliner produced in small numbers in the United States shortly after World War I. The aircraft was a conventional biplane with three-bay, unstaggered wings of equal span. The fuselage was a very advanced design for its day, incorporating careful streamlining of its monocoque structure, and offering the crew as well as the passengers a fully enclosed cabin. The Eagle is sometimes named as the first American tri-motor aircraft; however Curtiss' own Model H flying boat flew with three engines for a time in 1914 before being converted back to twin-engine configuration.

neg: 1937 Istres–Damascus–Paris Air Race In 1937 a transatlantic race was proposed to commemorate the tenth anniversary of Charles Lindbergh's pioneering solo flight from New York to Parus. There were twenty-two entrants, but there was resistance in the United States because any accidents might create a bad impression of the nascent transatlantic passenger services.

neg: Curtiss Model H The Curtiss Model H was a family of classes of early long-range flying boats, the first two of which were developed directly on commission in the United States in response to the ₤10,000 prize challenge issued in 1913 by the London newspaper, the "Daily Mail", for the first non-stop aerial crossing of the Atlantic. As the first aircraft having transatlantic range and cargo-carrying capacity, it became the grandfather development leading to early international commercial air travel, and by extension, to the modern world of commercial aviation. The last widely produced class, the Model H-12, was retrospectively designated Model 6 by Curtiss' company in the 1930s, and various classes have variants with suffixed letters indicating differences.

neg: Robert Stanley (aviator) Robert M. Stanley (August 19, 1912 – July 16, 1977) was an American test pilot and engineer. He became the first American to fly a jet aircraft on October 2, 1942, as a civilian test pilot for Bell Aircraft. He flew the Bell XP-59A Airacomet, which was the United States’ first turbojet aircraft. The flight took place at Muroc Dry Lake, California. The Airacomet is on display at the National Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C.

neg: Lippisch Ente The Ente (German: "duck" ) was the world’s first rocket-powered full-size aircraft. It was designed by Alexander Lippisch as a sailplane and first flown under power on June 11, 1928, piloted by Fritz Stamer.

neg: Lockheed Air Express The Lockheed Air Express was the second aircraft design created by the Lockheed Aircraft Company after its founding in 1927; the type first flew in April 1928.

neg: Boeing 747 The Boeing 747 is an American wide-body commercial jet airliner and cargo aircraft, often referred to by its original nickname, ""Jumbo Jet"". Its distinctive "hump" upper deck along the forward part of the aircraft makes it among the world's most recognizable aircraft, and it was the first wide-body produced. Manufactured by Boeing's Commercial Airplane unit in the United States, the original version of the 747 was envisioned to have 150 percent greater capacity than the Boeing 707, one of the common large commercial aircraft of the 1960s. First flown commercially in 1970, the 747 held the passenger capacity record for 37 years.

neg: Daily Mail aviation prizes Between 1907 and 1925, the Daily Mail newspaper, initially on the initiative of its proprietor, Alfred Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Northcliffe, awarded numerous prizes for achievements in aviation. The newspaper would stipulate the amount of a prize for the first aviators to perform a particular task in aviation, or to the winner of an aviation race or event. The most famous prizes were the £1,000 for the first cross-channel flight awarded to Louis Blériot in 1909 and the £10,000 given in 1919 to Alcock and Brown for the first non-stop transatlantic flight between North America and Ireland.

neg: Ferguson monoplane The Ferguson monoplane was the first Irish heavier-than-air craft to fly. The monoplane was designed by Harry Ferguson and built by his brother's company J.B. Ferguson & Company in Belfast.

neg: Louise Sacchi Louise Sacchi (April 15, 1913 – March 22, 1997) was an aviator and author who flew numerous times across the world's oceans, often solo, ferrying single and multi-engine planes. As the first international woman ferry pilot, she piloted planes across the Pacific and Atlantic oceans over 340 times, more than any other non-airline pilot. On June 28, 1971, she set a speed record by flying a single-engine land plane from New York to London in 17 hours and 10 minutes, a record that still stands today.

neg: Aida de Acosta Aida de Acosta Root Breckinridge (July 28, 1881 – May 26, 1962) was an American socialite and the first woman to fly a powered aircraft solo. In 1903, while in Paris with her mother, she caught her first glimpse of dirigibles. She then proceeded to take only three flight lessons, before taking the sky by herself.

neg: Soloviev D-25 The Soloviev D-25V is a Soviet gas-turbine turboshaft engine for use in large helicopters. Designed and originally manufactured by the Soloviev Design Bureau the engine has been in production since May 1960. The power unit consists of two engines coupled to a gearbox weighing 3,200 kg (7,050 lb).

neg: Lindbergh operation The Lindbergh operation was a complete tele-surgical operation carried out by a team of French surgeons located in New York on a patient in Strasbourg, France (over a distance of several thousand miles) using telecommunications solutions based on high-speed services and sophisticated Zeus surgical robot. The operation was performed successfully on September 7, 2001 by Professor Jacques Marescaux and his team from the IRCAD (Institute for Research into Cancer of the Digestive System). This was the first time in medical history that a technical solution proved capable of reducing the time delay inherent to long distance transmissions sufficiently to make this type of procedure possible. The name was derived from that of American aviator Charles Lindbergh, because he was the first person to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean.

neg: Messerschmitt Me 262 The Messerschmitt Me 262, nicknamed Schwalbe (German: "Swallow") in fighter versions, or Sturmvogel (German: "Storm Bird") in fighter-bomber versions, was the world's first operational jet-powered fighter aircraft. Design work started before World War II began, but problems with engines, metallurgy and top-level interference kept the aircraft from operational status with the Luftwaffe until mid-1944. The Me 262 was faster and more heavily armed than any Allied fighter, including the British jet-powered Gloster Meteor. One of the most advanced aviation designs in operational use during World War II, the Me 262's roles included light bomber, reconnaissance and experimental night fighter versions.

neg: Hubert Latham Arthur Charles Hubert Latham (10 January 1883 – 25 June 1912) was a French aviation pioneer. He was the first person to attempt to cross the English Channel in an aeroplane. Due to engine failure during his first of two attempts to cross the Channel, he became the first person to land an aeroplane on a body of water.

neg: Transatlantic flight A transatlantic flight is the flight of an aircraft across the Atlantic Ocean, from Europe, Africa or the Middle East to North America, Central America, South America, or vice versa. Such flights have been made by fixed-wing aircraft, airships, balloons and other aircraft.

neg: George J. Mead George Jackson Mead (December 27, 1891 Everett, Massachusetts – January 20, 1949 Hartford, Connecticut) was an American aircraft engineer. He is best known as one of the chief founding team members, together with Frederick Rentschler, of Pratt & Whitney Aircraft. Mead and Rentschler left Wright Aeronautical with the plan to start their own aviation-related business; they founded Pratt & Whitney Aircraft in July 1925. Their first project was to build a new, large, air-cooled, radial aircraft engine of Mead's design, which soon came to be named the Wasp. The first Wasp model was the R-1340, and a large series of Wasp models and Hornet models followed. Mead, as Vice President of Engineering, was the head of engineering for Pratt & Whitney from 1925 to 1935. He later left Pratt & Whitney and its parent United Aircraft. He served as the president of the U.S. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), and he served as head of the aeronautical section of the National Defense Advisory Commission during World War II, as a manager in the U.S. government's war materiel production effort.


query: Ignacio E. Lozano Jr. was appointed to his position by what 38th President

pos: Ignacio E. Lozano Jr. Ignacio Eugenio Lozano Jr. (born January 15, 1927) is a former United States Ambassador to El Salvador. He was appointed to the ambassadorship by President Gerald Ford in 1976., He resigned the post following the assumption of the presidency by Jimmy Carter.

pos: Gerald Ford Gerald Rudolph Ford Jr. (born Leslie Lynch King Jr.; July 14, 1913 – December 26, 2006) was an American politician who served as the 38th President of the United States from August 1974 to January 1977, following the resignation of Richard Nixon. Prior to this he served eight months as the 40th Vice President of the United States, following the resignation of Spiro Agnew. He was the first person appointed to the vice presidency under the terms of the 25th Amendment, and consequently the only person to have served as both Vice President and President of the United States without being elected to executive office. Before his appointment to the vice presidency, Ford served 25 years as U.S. Representative from Michigan's 5th congressional district, the final nine of them as the House Minority Leader.

neg: Enrique Santamarina Enrique Santamarina (February 8, 1870 – April 18, 1937) was an Argentine politician who was Vice President of Argentina from September 6, 1930 to October 20, 1930 under José Félix Uriburu, resigning due to an illness.

neg: Philippine presidential election, 1941 Presidential, legislative and local elections were held on November 11, 1941 in the Philippines. Incumbent President Manuel Luis Quezon won an unprecedented second partial term as President of the Philippines in a landslide. His running mate, Vice President Sergio Osmeña also won via landslide. The elected officials however, did not serve their terms from 1942 to 1945 due to World War II. In 1943, a Japanese-sponsored Republic was established and appointed Jose P. Laurel as president. From 1943 to 1945, the Philippines had two presidents. Quezon died in 1944 due to tuberculosis and was replaced by Sergio Osmeña.

neg: John Bryson John E. Bryson (born July 24, 1943) is the former United States Secretary of Commerce, the 37th person to hold the post since its establishment in 1913. Prior to this, he served as the Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President of Edison International, the parent company of Southern California Edison and as director of The Boeing Company.

neg: Manuel Roxas Manuel Acuña Roxas (born Manuel Róxas Acuña; January 1, 1892 – April 15, 1948) was the fifth President of the Philippines who served from 1946 until his death in 1948. He briefly served as the third and last President of the Commonwealth of the Philippines from May 28, 1946 to July 4, 1946, subsequently becoming the first President of the independent Third Philippine Republic after the United States ceded its sovereignty over the Philippines.

neg: Office for Emergency Management The Office for Emergency Management (OEM) was an office within the Executive Office of the United States President. It was established by administrative order, May 25, 1940, in accordance with executive order EO 8248, September 8, 1939.

neg: Supreme Bishop The Supreme Bishop (Spanish: "Obispo Máximo" ) abbreviated O.M., is the leader or primate of the "Iglesia Filipina Independiente" (Philippine Independent Church), known informally as Aglipayans. The Supreme Bishop is elected by the General Assembly of the Church and heads the Executive Commission, which is the highest policy-making body in the absence of the General Assembly. Rhee Millena Timbang was elected Obispo Máximo on 09 May 2017 by unanimous vote of delegates to the 13th Triennial General Assembly of the Iglesia Filipina Independiente after serving as bishop of the Diocese of Surigao. The Supreme Bishop's office is at the National Cathedral of the Holy Child, Taft Avenue, Manila. He is the thirteenth in a line of succession from Gregorio Aglipay, the first "Obispo Máximo".

neg: Vice President of Ecuador Vice President of Ecuador is the second highest political position in Ecuador. In many instances, the vice president succeeded the president in turbulent political situations. The last time was in 2005 after the resignation of president Lucio Gutiérrez. According to the current constitution, the vice president is elected on the same ticket as the president.

neg: Pedro Vázquez Colmenares Pedro Vázquez Colmenares (1934 – September 24, 2012) was a Mexican politician who served as the Governor of Oaxaca from 1980 to 1985. He left the Oaxacan governor's office in 1985, before the expiration of his term, when Mexican President Miguel de la Madrid appointed him as the director general of the Center for Research and National Security (CISEN), Mexico's intelligence agency. He served as the director general of CISEN from 1985 to 1988. Vazquez then became the Mexican Ambassador to Guatemala from 1989 to 1985.

neg: José E. Colom José E. Colom was acting Governor of Puerto Rico between June 25, 1939 and September 11, 1939 after the previous governor, Blanton C. Winship, was removed from office by President Franklin D. Roosevelt for alleged abuse of his authority in depriving the people of Puerto Rico of their civil rights. (See the Ponce Massacre). Mr. Winship was formally removed from office May 12, 1939.

neg: Taft Commission The Taft Commission, also known as Second Philippine Commission (Filipino: "Ikalawang Komisyon ng Pilipinas") was established by United States President William McKinley on March 16, 1900 following the recommendations of the First Philippine Commission. The Second Commission was at first the sole legislative body of the Philippines, then known as the Philippine Islands under the sovereign control of the United States, while still under the Philippine–American War. After the passage of the Philippine Organic Act in 1902, the Commission functioned as a House of bicameral legislature until it was supplanted in 1916 by an elected legislature established in 1916 by the Philippine Autonomy Act.

neg: Juan Lozano Ramírez Juan Francisco Lozano Ramírez (born 19 March 1964) is a Colombian lawyer and journalist currently serving as Senator of Colombia and since 2010 has been the General Director of the Social Party of National Unity (Party of the U), Colombia's biggest political and most influential political coalition. Under the Administration of President Álvaro Uribe Vélez he served as the 3rd Minister of Environment, Housing and Territorial Development (2006-2009), High Presidential Advisor (2004-2006), and Presidential Advisor of Social Policy (2004), and had also served as Presidential Advisor for the Youth, Women, and Family (1990-1993) in the Administration of President César Gaviria Trujillo.

neg: Consuelo Ynares-Santiago Consuelo Ynares-Santiago (born October 5, 1939) is a former Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. She was appointed to the Court by President Joseph Estrada.

neg: Second inauguration of Manuel L. Quezon The Second Inauguration of Manuel L. Quezon as the second President of the Philippines and the first president of the Philippine Commonwealth occurred on December 30, 1941.

neg: Pedro Lascuráin Pedro José Domingo de la Calzada Manuel María Lascuráin Paredes (8 May 1856 – 21 July 1952) was a Mexican politician who served as the 34th President of Mexico for less than one hour on February 19, 1913, the shortest presidency in the history of the world. He had earlier served as Mexico's foreign secretary for two terms and was the director of a small law school in Mexico City for sixteen years.

neg: Philippine Commission The Philippine Commission was the name of two bodies, both appointed by the President of the United States to assist with governing the Philippines.

neg: Presidential reorganization authority Presidential reorganization authority is a term used to refer to a major statutory power that has sometimes been temporarily extended by the United States Congress to the President of the United States. It permits the president to divide, consolidate, abolish, or create agencies of the United States federal government by executive order, subject to limited legislative oversight. First granted in 1932, presidential reorganization authority has been extended to nine presidents on 16 separate occasions. As of 2017, it was most recently granted to Ronald Reagan.

neg: Lieutenant Governor of New Mexico The Lieutenant Governor of New Mexico is an elected official in the state of New Mexico that ranks just below the Governor of New Mexico. The lieutenant governor is the first person in the order of succession of New Mexico's executive branch, thus serving as governor in the event of the death, resignation, removal, impeachment, absence from the state, or incapacity due to illness of the Governor of New Mexico. The lieutenant governor is elected on a ticket with the governor for a four-year term. This position was first filled by Ezequiel Cabeza De Baca on January 6, 1912, the year that New Mexico became a state.

neg: President of Chile The President of the Republic of Chile (Spanish: "Presidente de la República de Chile" ) is the head of state and the head of government of the Republic of Chile. The President is responsible for both government and state administration. Although its role and significance has changed over the history of Chile, as well as its position and relations with other actors in the national political organization, it is one of the most prominent political figures. It is also considered as one of the institutions that make up the "Historic Constitution of Chile", and is essential to the country's political stability.

neg: Ignacio María González (politician) Ignacio María González (January 26, 1838February 8, 1915) was a politician from the Dominican Republic. He served as interim president of the Dominican Republic at various times throughout his career.

neg: Eduardo Lonardi Eduardo Ernesto Lonardi Doucet (] ; September 15, 1896 – March 22, 1956) was an Argentine Lieutenant General and served as de facto president from September 23 to November 13, 1955.


query: Russian ballet, Petrushka, was first performed by a group which French city?

pos: Petrushka (ballet) Petrushka (French: "Pétrouchka" ; Russian: "Петрушка" ) is a ballet burlesque in four scenes. It was composed in 1910–11 and revised in 1947. Igor Stravinsky composed the music, and, with Alexandre Benois, fashioned the libretto. Michel Fokine choreographed the ballet; Benois designed the sets and costumes. "Petrushka" was first performed by Sergei Diaghilev's Ballets Russes at the Théâtre du Châtelet in Paris on 13 June 1911. Vaslav Nijinsky portrayed Petrushka with Tamara Karsavina as the Ballerina. Alexander Orlov portrayed the Moor, and Enrico Cecchetti the Charlatan.

pos: Ballets Russes The Ballets Russes (] ) was an itinerant ballet company based in Paris that performed between 1909 and 1929 throughout Europe and on tours to North and South America. The company never performed in Russia, where the Revolution disrupted society. After its initial Paris season, the company had no formal ties there.

neg: Ballet de la Merlaison The Ballet de la Merlaison is a ballet de cour first performed in 1635 at the Château de Chantilly, during the reign of Louis XIII. It is the most popular ballet performed during the reign of Louis XIII, which marked an important development of the Ballet de cour.

neg: History of music in Paris The city of Paris has been an important center for European music since the Middle Ages. It was noted for its choral music in the 12th century, for its role in the development of ballet during the Renaissance, in the 19th century it became famous for its music halls and cabarets, and in the 20th century for the first performances of the Ballets Russes, its jazz clubs, and its part in the development of serial music. Paris has been home to many important composers, to name a few: Jean-Baptiste Lully, Jean-Philippe Rameau, Christoph Willibald Gluck, Niccolò Piccinni, Frédéric Chopin, Franz Liszt, Jacques Offenbach, Georges Bizet, Claude Debussy, Maurice Ravel, Hector Berlioz, Paul Dukas, Gabriel Fauré, César Franck, Charles Gounod, Jules Massenet, Vincent d'Indy, Camille Saint-Saëns, Erik Satie, Igor Stravinsky, Sidney Bechet...

neg: Les Sylphides Les Sylphides (] ) is a short, non-narrative "ballet blanc". Its original choreography was by Michel Fokine, with music by Frédéric Chopin orchestrated by Alexander Glazunov. Glazunov had already set some of the music in 1892 as a purely orchestral suite, under the title Chopiniana, Op. 46. In that form it was introduced to the public in December 1893, conducted by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov.

neg: Le papillon (ballet) Le papillon (The Butterfly) is a 'fantastic ballet' in two acts (four scenes) of 1860, with choreography by Marie Taglioni and music by Jacques Offenbach to a libretto by Jules-Henri Vernoy de Saint-Georges.

neg: Pesenka Pesenka (in Russian: Песенка 'A song'), sometimes known as "Pesenka (La La La)", is a song by the Russian pop–dance–techno group Ruki Vverh! (in Russian: Руки Вверх! ).

neg: Louise Chevalier Louise Chevalier (1774 - died after 1801), was a French actor and opera singer. She was active in Russia in the French theater troupe of her spouse, the ballet dancer and playwright (Pierre Peicam), from 1797 until 1801. During her tenure in Russia, she was the lover of first the Master of the Stables, the court noble and emperor's favorite Ivan Kutaisov, and then of emperor Paul I of Russia. She was an important figure during the reign of Paul I, when she wielded great influence as a channel for supplicants to Kutaisov and the emperor, and reportedly accepted substantial sums as such, and attracted great animosity in St Petersburg. After the fall of Paul I in March 1801, she was asked to leave Russia by czar Alexander. It is not confirmed what happened to her after this, though conflicting reports place her as a courtesan and a spy in Paris, in Germany and in Poland.

neg: Royal Winnipeg Ballet The Royal Winnipeg Ballet is one of the world's premier dance companies. Based in Winnipeg, Manitoba, it is Canada's oldest ballet company and the longest continuously operating ballet company in North America.

neg: Pulcinella (ballet) Pulcinella is a ballet by Igor Stravinsky based on an 18th-century play—Pulcinella is a character originating from Commedia dell'arte. The ballet premiered at the Paris Opera on 15 May 1920 under the baton of Ernest Ansermet. The dancer Léonide Massine created both the libretto and choreography, and Pablo Picasso designed the original costumes and sets. It was commissioned by Sergei Diaghilev.

neg: Paul (dancer) Antoine Paul (21 December 1798, Marseille - November 1871, Anet) known as Paul, was a French ballet dancer. After dancing in Lyon and Bordeaux, Paul débuted at the Opéra de Paris in 1820 and quickly became one of the public's favourite premiers danseurs. Nicknamed "l'Aérien" due to his technical qualities, August Bournonville stated "Paul's superiority is his lightness, elasticity, speed, softness and precision. He knows how to combine daring and natural grace." He regularly performed in London, with partners including his sister Madame Montessu and Madame Anatole, as well as at Naples, where he was praised by Stendhal. He retired from the stage in 1831.

neg: Les Ballets de Monte Carlo Les Ballets de Monte Carlo (The Monte-Carlo Ballet) is a classical ballet company established in 1985 by Her Royal Highness the Princess of Hanover in accordance with the wishes of her mother, Princess Grace of Monaco. It is the official national company of the Principality of Monaco.

neg: Royal Ballet of Flanders The Royal Ballet of Flanders is a dance company based in Antwerp, Belgium, specializing in classical ballet, neoclassical ballet and contemporary ballet. In its current incarnation, the company was established in 1969. It tours internationally.

neg: Opéra féerie Opéra féerie (plural: "opéras féeries ") is a French genre of opera or opéra-ballet, often with elements of magic in their stories. Popular in the 18th century, from the time of Jean-Philippe Rameau onwards, the form reached its culmination with works such as "La belle au bois dormant" by Michele Carafa and "Cendrillon" by Nicolas Isouard at the beginning of the 19th century.

neg: On the Dnieper On the Dnieper, Op. 51 (Russian: На Днепре ), also known by its French language title Sur le Borysthène, is Sergei Prokofiev's fourth ballet, written in 1930.

neg: La guirlande de Campra (ballet) La guirlande de Campra is a ballet made at the New York City Ballet by ballet master John Taras to eponymous 1952 music composed by Georges Auric, Arthur Honegger, Daniel-Lesur, Alexis Roland-Manuel, Francis Poulenc, Henri Sauguet and Germaine Tailleferre, after a theme from André Campra's 1717 opera "Camille, reine des Volsques". The premiere took place December 1, 1966 at the New York State Theater, Lincoln Center.

neg: La Nef La Nef (in French :wikt:nef means the nave of a ship or church, or a medieval boat) is a French-Canadian early music performance group founded in Quebec in 1991. The founding members were Sylvain Bergeron, guitar and musical director, and Claire Gignac, contralto and recorder, theatrical director and Viviane LeBlanc, soprano.

neg: Jules Perrot Jules-Joseph Perrot (18 August 1810 – 29 August 1892) was a dancer and choreographer who later became Balletmaster of the Imperial Ballet in St. Petersburg, Russia. He created some of the most famous ballets of the 19th century including "Pas de Quatre", "La Esmeralda", "Ondine", and "Giselle" with Jean Coralli.

neg: Gaîté Parisienne Gaîté Parisienne (literally, "Parisian Gaiety") is a ballet choreographed by Léonide Massine to music by Jacques Offenbach orchestrated by Manuel Rosenthal in collaboration with Jacques Brindejonc-Offenbach, the composer's nephew. With a libretto and décor by Comte Étienne de Beaumont and costumes executed by Barbara Karinska, it was first presented by the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo at the Théâtre de Monte Carlo on 5 April 1938.

neg: The Red Poppy The Red Poppy (Russian: Красный мак ) or sometimes The Red Flower (Russian: Красный цветок ) is a ballet in three acts and eight tableaus with an apotheosis, with a score written by Reinhold Glière and libretto by Mikhail Kurilko. This ballet was created in 1927 as the first Soviet ballet with a modern revolutionary theme. Possibly the most famous dance from this ballet is the Sailors Dance, sometimes referred to as the "Russian Sailors Dance" (although it is described as "Dance of the Sailors from the Soviet Ship" in the score and libretto). It is this musical selection for which Glière is perhaps best known. There have been four main versions of "The Red Poppy".

neg: Les Ballets Persans Les Ballets Persans (Persian: سازمان باله ایران  ) is the successor company and the recreation of the former Iranian National Ballet Company (Persian: سازمان باله ملی ایران  ). Based in Sweden as a non-profit and non-governmental organization, Les Ballets Persans is an internationally touring dance ensemble founded by Nima Kiann, the Iranian born Swedish dancer, ballet master, choreographer and dance scholar. Les Ballets Persans is also known as The New Iranian National Ballet and has been regarded as the most extensive artistic Iranian project ever realized in exile.

neg: Opéra National de Lyon The Opéra de Lyon (known also as the "Opéra National de Lyon") is a French opera company based in Lyon. The company performs in the Opéra Nouvel, a modernized version in 1993 of the original 1831 opera house.


query: Crumbs features what actor who is best known for his role as Kevin Arnold?

pos: Crumbs Crumbs is an American television sitcom starring Fred Savage and Jane Curtin that ran on ABC from January 12, 2006 to February 7, 2006. It also starred William Devane, Maggie Lawson and Eddie McClintock. The show's slogan is "The normal American family turned upside down."

pos: Fred Savage Frederick Aaron "Fred" Savage (born July 9, 1976) is an American actor, television director, and producer. He is best known for his role as Kevin Arnold in the American television series "The Wonder Years", which ran from 1988 to 1993. He has earned several awards and nominations, such as People's Choice Awards and Young Artist Awards.

neg: Altus Theart Altus Theart is a South African film, stage and television actor, best known for his roles in the South African soap opera "Kruispad", and for his starring role in the 2008 Afrikaans teen comedy "Bakgat".

neg: Kevin Chevalia Kevin Chevalia (born February 24, 1986) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as Jamie Seaver in the 1993 film "" and its 1996 sequel, "".

neg: Andrew Keegan Andrew Keegan (born January 29, 1979) is an American actor best known for his roles in television shows including "Party of Five" and "7th Heaven" and in films such as "10 Things I Hate about You", "The Broken Hearts Club" (2000) and "O" (2001).

neg: Kevin Harrington (actor) Kevin Harrington (born 1959) is an Australian stage, television and film actor who is perhaps best known for his roles as Kevin Findlay on the Australian drama "Seachange" in the 1990s and as David Bishop on the soap opera Neighbours.

neg: Kevin Spacey Kevin Spacey Fowler, KBE (born July 26, 1959) is an American actor, film director, producer, screenwriter, and singer. He began his career as a stage actor during the 1980s before obtaining supporting roles in film and television. He gained critical acclaim in the early 1990s that culminated in his first Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for the neo-noir crime thriller "The Usual Suspects" (1995), and an Academy Award for Best Actor for midlife crisis-themed drama "American Beauty" (1999).

neg: Tommy Knight Tommy Knight (born Thomas Lawrence Alexander Farrell, 22 January 1993) is an English actor best known for playing Luke Smith in "The Sarah Jane Adventures" and "Doctor Who", Kevin Chalk in "Waterloo Road", murder victim Caleb "Cal" Bray in "Glue" and Brodie in "Victoria".

neg: Arnold Stang Arnold Stang (September 28, 1918 – December 20, 2009) was an American comic actor and voice actor, whose comic persona was a small and bespectacled, yet brash and knowing big-city type.

neg: Kevin Dillon Kevin Brady Dillon (born August 19, 1965) is an American actor. He is best known for portraying Johnny "Drama" Chase on the HBO comedy series "Entourage", Bunny in the war film "Platoon", and John Densmore in the musical biopic "The Doors". He was nominated for three Primetime Emmy Awards and a Golden Globe Award for his performance on "Entourage".

neg: Kevin Anderson (actor) Kevin Anderson (born January 13, 1960) is an American actor.

neg: Kieran Culkin Kieran Kyle Culkin (born September 30, 1982) is an American actor. He began his career as a child actor, acting alongside his older brother Macaulay in the "Home Alone" franchise (19901992) before going on to feature in films including the 1991 film "Father of the Bride" and its 1995 sequel, "My Summer Story" (1994), the sequel to "A Christmas Story", "The Mighty" (1998), "She's All That", "The Cider House Rules" (1999), "The Dangerous Lives of Altar Boys" (2002), "Scott Pilgrim vs. the World" (2010), and "Movie 43". His breakout role in "Igby Goes Down" (2002) received critical acclaim and he was nominated for a Best Actor Golden Globe Award, as well as winning a Critics' Choice Movie Award and Satellite Award. He has also acted on-stage, most notably in several productions of the Kenneth Lonergan play "This Is Our Youth". In 2015, he portrayed Rye Gerhardt in the second season of the critically acclaimed FX series "Fargo".

neg: CRUMBS CRUMBS is an improvisational theatre duo based in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.

neg: Kevin Doyle (actor) Kevin Doyle (born 10 April 1960) is an English actor, born in Scunthorpe, Lincolnshire. He is known for many roles, including DS John Wadsworth in "Happy Valley" and in the TV series "The Lakes" (as the character John Parr), "Coronation Street" and "The Crimson Field". Doyle played valet/footman Joseph Molesley in the TV series "Downton Abbey".

neg: Killer Movie Killer Movie is a 2008 comedy horror film released in the United States in April. The film premiered during the 2008 Tribeca Film Festival in New York City. It stars Paul Wesley, Kaley Cuoco, Jason London, Torrey DeVitto and Leighton Meester and was written and directed by Jeff Fisher. "Killer Movie" was produced by Cornelia Ryan Taylor, Michael Sanchez and Jeff Fisher.

neg: Dane Cook Dane Jeffrey Cook (born March 18, 1972) is an American stand-up comedian and film actor. He has released five comedy albums: "Harmful If Swallowed"; "Retaliation"; ""; ""; and "Isolated Incident". In 2006, "Retaliation" became the highest charting comedy album in 28 years and went platinum. He performed an HBO special in the Fall of 2006, "Vicious Circle", a straight-to-DVD special titled "Rough Around The Edges" (which is included in the album of the same name), and a Comedy Central special in 2009 titled "Isolated Incident". He is known for his use of observational, often vulgar, and sometimes dark comedy.

neg: Chris Geere Christopher William "Chris" Geere (born 18 March 1981) is an English actor. He is best known for playing the lead role of Jimmy Shive-Overly in the FX/FXX comedy "You're the Worst".

neg: Calvin Dean Calvin Ainsley Dean (born 21 May 1985) is an English actor, best known for portraying Darren Mullet in the 2009 film "Tormented".

neg: Richard Cray Richard Cray (born September 10, 1958) is an American actor and singer.

neg: Kevin Conway (actor) Kevin John Conway (born May 29, 1942) is an American actor and film director.

neg: Kevin Sorbo Kevin David Sorbo (born September 24, 1958) is an American actor. He is best known for his starring roles in two television series: as Hercules in "", and as Captain Dylan Hunt in "Andromeda".

neg: Kenneth Kimmins Kenneth Kimmins (born September 4, 1941) is an American actor, best known for his roles as Doctor Bernard Klein on "" and Howard Burleigh, the Athletic Director of Minnesota State University (and creator of the bread spread "Burleigh Butter") on the hit TV show, "Coach".


query: Which position in the us military must you be in to be eligible for the achievement medal?

pos: Achievement Medal The Achievement Medal is a military decoration of the United States Armed Forces. The Achievement Medal was first proposed as a means to recognize the contributions of junior officers and enlisted personnel who were not eligible to receive the higher Commendation Medal or the Meritorious Service Medal.

pos: United States Armed Forces The United States Armed Forces are the military forces of the United States of America. It consists of the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force, and Coast Guard. The President of the United States is the U.S. Armed Forces's overall head, and helps form military policy with the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) and U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS), both federal executive departments, acting as the principal organs by which military policy is carried out. All five armed services are among the seven uniformed services of the United States.

neg: NASA Distinguished Public Service Medal The NASA Distinguished Public Service Medal is an award similar to the NASA Distinguished Service Medal, but awarded to non-government personnel. This is the highest honor NASA awards to anyone who was not a government employee when the service was performed.

neg: Merchant Marine Meritorious Service Medal The Merchant Marine Meritorious Service Medal is a decoration of the United States Merchant Marine. It is awarded to any seamen of any ship operated by or for the War Shipping Administration who is commended by the Administrator for conduct or service of a meritorious nature, but not sufficient to warrant the Merchant Marine Distinguished Service Medal. Regulations state that not more than one medal shall be issued to any one seaman, but for each succeeding instance sufficient to justify the award of a medal, there will be awarded a suitable insignia to be worn with the medal.

neg: DOD Inspector General Distinguished Service Award The Department of Defense Inspector General Distinguished Service Award is the highest civilian award given by the United States Department of Defense Office of the Inspector General. This award and accompanying Distinguished Service Medal is the DOD OIG's highest award granted to those who distinguished themselves by exceptional service or contributions of the broadest scope to the OIG or DoD. The achievements or service must be truly exceptional when measured against the position requirements of the individual and should far exceed the contributions and service of others with comparable responsibilities.

neg: Texas Humanitarian Service Ribbon The Texas Humanitarian Service Ribbon is an award within the Texas Military Forces, within the United States Armed Forces.

neg: Unit citation A unit citation is a formal, honorary mention by high authority of a military unit's specific and outstanding performance, notably in battle.

neg: Singapore Armed Forces Good Service Medal The Singapore Armed Forces Good Service Medal is awarded to a regular member of the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) who has completed 5 years of continuous service.

neg: Campaign medal A campaign medal is a military decoration which is awarded to a member of the military who serves in a designated military operation or performs duty in a geographical theater. Campaign medals are very similar to service medals but carry a higher status as the award usually involves deployment to a foreign region or service in a combat zone.

neg: U.S. military instructor badges The U.S. military issues instructor badges to specially training military personnel who are charged with teaching military recruits the skills they need to perform as members of the U.S. Armed Forces or teach continuing education courses for noncommissioned officers and officers in the military. With the exception of the U.S. Army and U.S. Coast Guard, these badges are considered temporary military decorations and must be surrendered upon completion of one's duty as a military instructor. Because of this, the U.S. Air Force, U.S. Navy, and U.S. Marine Corps award Drill Instructor Ribbons as a permanent decoration to recognize service members who have qualified and performed as military instructors.

neg: NASA Equal Employment Opportunity Medal The NASA Equal Employment Opportunity Medal is an award given to both government employees and non-government personnel for outstanding achievement and material contribution to the goals of NASA’s Equal Employment Opportunity Programs either within government, community organizations, or groups.

neg: Badges of the United States Army Badges of the United States Army are military decorations issued by the United States Department of the Army to soldiers who achieve a variety of qualifications and accomplishments while serving on active and reserve duty in the United States Army.

neg: Lieutenant colonel (United States) In the United States Army, U.S. Marine Corps, and U.S. Air Force, a lieutenant colonel is a field grade military officer rank just above the rank of major and just below the rank of colonel. It is equivalent to the naval rank of commander in the other uniformed services.

neg: Navy Occupation Service Medal The Navy Occupation Service Medal is a military award of the United States Navy which was "Awarded to commemorate the services of Navy, Marine Corps and Coast Guard personnel in the occupation of certain territories of the enemies of the U.S. during World War II" and recognized those personnel who participated in the European and Asian occupation forces during, and following World War II. The medal was also bestowed to personnel who performed duty in West Berlin between 1945 and 1990.

neg: Badge of Military Merit The Badge of Military Merit is considered the first military award of the United States Armed Forces. Although the Fidelity Medallion is older, after being issued to three soldiers for a specific event in 1780 it was never awarded again, so the Badge of Military Merit is often considered the oldest. The Purple Heart is the official successor decoration of the Badge of Military Merit.

neg: NASA Exceptional Engineering Achievement Medal The NASA Exceptional Engineering Achievement Medal (abbreviated EEAM) was established by NASA in 1981 to recognize unusually significant engineering contributions towards achievement of aeronautical or space exploration goals. This award is given for individual efforts for applications of engineering principles or methods that have resulted in a contribution of fundamental importance in this field or have significantly enhanced understanding of this field or have significantly advanced the state of the practice as demonstrated by an application to aerospace systems.

neg: Distinguished Flying Cross (United States) The Distinguished Flying Cross is a military decoration awarded to any officer or enlisted member of the United States Armed Forces who distinguishes himself or herself in support of operations by "heroism or extraordinary achievement while participating in an aerial flight, subsequent to November 11, 1918."

neg: National Intelligence Medal for Valor The National Intelligence Medal for Valor, formerly the Intelligence Community Medal for Valor, is a decoration of the United States Intelligence Community awarded by the National Intelligence Awards Program led by the Office of the Director of National Intelligence.

neg: General of the Armies The General of the Armies of the United States, or more commonly referred to as General of the Armies (abbreviated as GAS), is the highest possible rank in the United States Army. The rank is informally equated to that of a six-star general and is currently the highest possible operational rank of the United States Armed Forces.

neg: Mass communication specialist Mass Communication Specialist (abbreviated as MC) is a United States Navy occupational rating. MCs serve aboard ships, in expeditionary units and at shore commands in the United States and overseas. They serve as Navy storytellers to support public affairs and provide operational support to unit commanders.

neg: Medal of National Defense Service The Medal of National Defense Service () is a military decoration awarded by the Central Military Commission of China, first amended on May 4, 2010, then established on August 1, 2011. It is divided into three grades.

neg: Silver Wing Medal This Silver Wing Medal is a military decoration awarded by Armed Forces of the Philippines to Philippine and allied military personnel. The Silver Wing Medal is awarded in only one class, and may be awarded by the Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines; the Commanding General, PAR Area Command; and Major Service Commanders. The award is given for "meritorious achievement while participating in aerial flight and a single act of merit or for participation in sustained operations activities against the enemy while in an aerial flight."


query: When was the date of birth of the magician who has an association with Metamorphosis?

pos: Metamorphosis (illusion) Metamorphosis is the name of a stage illusion invented by John Nevil Maskelyne, but most often associated with famous escape artist Harry Houdini and performed to some renown (for speed) by The Pendragons, among others. It is also known amongst magicians as the Substitution Trunk (often abbreviated to Sub Trunk).

pos: Harry Houdini Harry Houdini (born Erik Weisz, later Ehrich Weiss or Harry Weiss; March 24, 1874 – October 31, 1926) was an Austro-Hungarian-born American stage magician and stunt performer, noted for his sensational escape acts. He first attracted notice in vaudeville in the US and then as "Harry Handcuff Houdini" on a tour of Europe, where he challenged police forces to keep him locked up. Soon he extended his repertoire to include chains, ropes slung from skyscrapers, straitjackets under water, and having to escape from and hold his breath inside a sealed milk can with water in it.

neg: Talma (magician) Talma was the stage name of Mary Ann Ford (1861 – July 13, 1944), a female magician who is best known for performing with her husband Servais Le Roy in the act "Le Roy, Talma & Bosco". Talma was born in England while her husband was Belgian. She became accomplished at performing sleight of hand and manipulation acts, especially coin manipulation, and she was often billed as "The Queen of Coins". As a performer, she adopted the name Mercedes Talma but was generally known just as Talma. Talma was taught magic by Le Roy and although being an assistant she was known for her own coins tricks including the "Out of the ear" trick and "Talma's travelling coin." Eventually she was known as "The Queen Of Coins."

neg: James Zar James Zar (born 1941), also known as The Still Life Magician, is an American artist notable for his oil-based, fantasy art. Although his works vary, his primary subject matter is still life. He is the stepfather of painter and digital animator Chet Zar.

neg: John Henry Anderson John Henry Anderson (1814–1874) was a Scottish professional magician. Anderson is credited with helping bring the art of magic from street performances into theatres and presenting magic performances to entertain and delight the audience.

neg: Simon Pierro Simon Pierro (born October 2, 1978 in Ettlingen) is a German magician and TV presenter.

neg: Glenn Falkenstein Glenn Jacob Falkenstein (February 3, 1932 – July 4, 2010) was a world-renowned magician and mentalist, and partner to Frances Willard from 1978 to 2010.

neg: James Murrell James Murrell (c. 1785 – 16 December 1860), also known as Cunning Murrell, was an English cunning man, or professional folk magician, who spent most of his life in the town of Hadleigh in the eastern English county of Essex. In this capacity, he reportedly employed magical means to aid in healing both humans and animals, exorcising malevolent spirits, countering witches, and restoring lost or stolen property to its owner.

neg: K Lal Kantilal Girdharilal Vora (14 January 1924 – 23 September 2012), popularly known as K Lal, also known as Bhaumik Gupta was an Indian magician. In a career spanning 62 years, he staged over 22,000 shows around the world, performing his last show in July 2012.He and his son(K.Lal Junior) performed together for 32 years.In 1968 I.B.M (U.S.A) gave him the title of World's fastest Magician.He is very famous for his unbelievable items like "Head Separated From Body(Talking & Moving)",'A Giant Killer Saw','The Flying Lady','Evil Joker'. Paul Daniel,Great magician of U.K. says about K.Lal "He does a stunning illusion show of pure magic." Russian magician Kieo says about K.Lal's show "I have never seen such a giant magnificent show." In 2004 he created a world record of staging 20,600 magic shows. He died at his home in Ahmedabad in September 2012 at the age of 88.

neg: Matt Grindley Matt Grindley (born 1 July 1976) is an English magician, comedian and actor. He was born in Worsley, Salford, Greater Manchester. He resides in Didsbury, near Manchester.

neg: Wizard of New Zealand The Wizard of New Zealand QSM (born Ian Brackenbury Channell; 4 December 1932) is a New Zealand educator, comedian, magician and politician.

neg: John Helvin John Helvin (born John Guiry; 9 December 1963) is an English artist, author and magician.

neg: Lennart Green Sven Lennart Green (born 25 December 1941) is a Swedish world champion close-up/card magician, a title which he won in 1991 at the FISM convention in Lausanne, Switzerland. He is known for his seemingly chaotic routines which, in spite of first appearances, display great skill. His original techniques and presentation style form an unorthodox and innovative contribution to sleight of hand magic.

neg: Tommy Wonder (magician) Tommy Wonder (November 29, 1953 – June 26, 2006) was the stage name of Jacobus Maria Bemelman, a Dutch magician who performed both close-up and stage magic. Wonder performed in Las Vegas, Monte Carlo and on Fox television.

neg: Moi-Yo Miller Moi-Yo Miller was the stage name of Mona Loretta Miller (born 24 April 1914), an Australian who became the principal assistant to the stage magician Dante.

neg: T. A. Waters Thomas Alan Waters (also known as T.A. Waters) (1938–1998) was an American magician, writer about magic, and science fiction author.

neg: Long Tack Sam Long Tack Sam (September 16, 1884 – August 7, 1961) was a world-renowned Chinese-born American magician, acrobat, and vaudeville performer.

neg: El Mago El Mago (Spanish for "the magician") or Mago is a nickname given to:

neg: Adelaide Herrmann Adelaide Herrmann (1853–1932) was a well-known American magician and vaudeville performer billed as "the Queen of Magic." She was married to Alexander Herrmann, another magician.

neg: Keith Barry Keith Patrick Barry (born 2 October 1976) is an Irish mentalist, hypnotist, magician and activist for the elderly.

neg: Roy Benson Roy Benson (January 17, 1914 – December 6, 1977) was a stage magician born in Courbevoie in France. He was an accomplished musician. He is credited for Special Effects, having created the monster for the film "The Flesh Eaters" (1964)

neg: Tim Ellis Tim Ellis (born 8 May 1963) is an Australian performer, author and lecturer in the world of magic and illusion.


query: The player that scored 50 goals during the 1993–94 Boston Bruins season was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in what year?

pos: 1993–94 Boston Bruins season The 1993–94 Boston Bruins season was the Bruins' 70th season. The season involved Cam Neely scoring 50 goals in 44 games, however, the Bruins had already played 66 games; making this an unofficial record.

pos: Cam Neely Cameron Michael Neely (born June 6, 1965) is a Canadian professional ice hockey executive and former player. Neely played right wing for the Vancouver Canucks and Boston Bruins of the National Hockey League from 1983 to 1996, #8. Neely was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 2005. He currently serves as the president of the Boston Bruins.

neg: Jean Potvin Jean Rene Potvin (born March 25, 1949) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey defenceman who played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Los Angeles Kings, Philadelphia Flyers, New York Islanders, Cleveland Barons and Minnesota North Stars.

neg: Glenn Anderson Glenn Chris Anderson (born October 2, 1960) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey player who played 16 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Edmonton Oilers, Toronto Maple Leafs, New York Rangers, and St. Louis Blues. Anderson was known to have a knack for stepping up in big games, which garnered him the reputation of a "money" player. His five playoff overtime goals rank third in NHL history, while his 17 playoff game-winning goals put him fifth all-time. During the playoffs, Anderson accumulated 93 goals, 121 assists, and 214 points, the fourth, ninth, and fourth most in NHL history. Anderson is also first all-time in regular season game winning goals in Oilers history with 72.

neg: Danny Schock Daniel Patrick Schock (December 30, 1948 – June 15, 2017) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player who played 20 regular season games and one playoff game in the National Hockey League. He played with the Boston Bruins and Philadelphia Flyers. He won the Stanley Cup in 1970 with the Boston Bruins while playing only one game in the playoffs. Danny is the brother of Ron Schock.

neg: Barry Ashbee William Barry Ashbee (July 28, 1939 – May 12, 1977) was a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman who played five seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Boston Bruins and Philadelphia Flyers.

neg: 1973–74 Boston Bruins season The 1973–74 Boston Bruins season was the Bruins' 50th season in the NHL.

neg: Seppo Ahokainen Seppo Johannes Ahokainen (born January 19, 1952 in Lauritsala, Finland) is a retired professional ice hockey player who played in the SM-liiga. He played for Ilves and Tappara. He was inducted into the Finnish Hockey Hall of Fame in 1993.

neg: Jim Morrison (ice hockey) James Stewart Hunter Morrison (born October 11, 1931) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey defenceman, coach and scout. He played 704 National Hockey League games for the Boston Bruins, Toronto Maple Leafs, Detroit Red Wings, New York Rangers and Pittsburgh Penguins. A fast skating, offensive minded defenseman, he would score many goals and assists during his career, a rarity for a blueliner.

neg: List of NHL players with 1000 assists The following is a list of ice hockey players who have recorded 1,000 assists in the National Hockey League, as of the completion of the 2016–17 NHL season. All of the players listed below are honoured in the Hockey Hall of Fame, except Joe Thornton, who is active with the San Jose Sharks, and Jaromir Jagr, who is still active with the Florida Panthers. Jagr is also the only non-Canadian player with 1000 career assists.

neg: Don Marcotte Donald Michel Marcotte (born April 15, 1947) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey player who served his entire National Hockey League career with the Boston Bruins and was noted as a premier defensive forward, while being versatile enough to play any forward position.

neg: Allan Stanley Allan Herbert Stanley (March 1, 1926 – October 18, 2013) was a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman who played for the New York Rangers, Chicago Blackhawks, Boston Bruins, Philadelphia Flyers and Toronto Maple Leafs of the National Hockey League, and the Western Hockey League version of the Vancouver Canucks. A four-times Stanley Cup winner and three-times member of the second NHL All-Star Team, Stanley was inducted to the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1981.

neg: Ross Lonsberry David Ross Lonsberry (February 7, 1947 – May 4, 2014) was a Canadian professional ice hockey left winger who played 15 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Boston Bruins, Los Angeles Kings, Philadelphia Flyers and Pittsburgh Penguins. He had his best seasons in a Flyers uniform and was a member of Philadelphia's back-to-back Stanley Cup championship teams in the mid-1970s.

neg: Sandy Moger Alexander "Sandy" Moger (born March 21, 1969) is a Canadian former ice hockey player who played in the National Hockey League for the Boston Bruins and the Los Angeles Kings. Moger was drafted 176th overall by the Vancouver Canucks in the 1989 NHL Entry Draft, but never managed to play a game for them. In five NHL seasons, Moger scored 79 points (41 goals and 38 assists) in 236 regular season games, picking up 212 penalty minutes in the process. Played seasons 2001-2007 in Europe.

neg: Andy Bathgate Andrew James "Andy" Bathgate (August 28, 1932 – February 26, 2016) was a Canadian professional ice hockey right wing who played 17 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the New York Rangers, Toronto Maple Leafs, Detroit Red Wings and Pittsburgh Penguins. On January 1, 2017, in a ceremony prior to the Centennial Classic, Bathgate was part of the first group of players to be named one of the '100 Greatest NHL Players' in history.

neg: Forbes Kennedy Forbes Taylor Kennedy (born August 18, 1935) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey player. In 603 career National Hockey League (NHL) games, Kennedy recorded 70 goals and 108 assists for 178 points and 988 penalty minutes.

neg: Grant Erickson Grant Charles Erickson (born April 28, 1947) is a retired professional ice hockey player who played 266 games in the World Hockey Association and 6 games in the National Hockey League. He played for the Boston Bruins, Minnesota North Stars, Cleveland Crusaders, and Phoenix Roadrunners.

neg: Gilles Tremblay (ice hockey) Joseph Jean Gilles Tremblay (December 17, 1938 – November 26, 2014) was a Canadian ice hockey left winger who played his entire National Hockey League (NHL) career with the Montreal Canadiens from 1960 to 1969. He played 509 games, scored 168 goals and added 162 assists before injuries led to his retirement at the age of 31. Tremblay was a member of four Stanley Cup championship teams with Montreal, in 1965, 1966, 1968, and 1969.

neg: Markus Mattsson Markus Rainer Mattsson (born July 30, 1957 in Suoniemi, Finland) is a former professional ice hockey goaltender. He was one of the first goaltenders in the NHL from Finland. He is also the goalie who ended Wayne Gretzky's 51-game point streak in 1983–84.

neg: 1969–70 Boston Bruins season The 1969–70 Boston Bruins season was the Bruins' 46th season in the NHL.The Bruins were coming off of a successful season in 1968–69, as they finished with a franchise record 100 points, sitting in 2nd place in the Eastern Division, however, they would lose to the Montreal Canadiens in the Eastern Division finals. This year, the Bruins would go all the way to the Final and win the Stanley Cup.

neg: Vladimir Zubkov Vladimir Zubkov (born January 14, 1958 in Moscow, Russia) is a retired ice hockey player who played in the Soviet Hockey League for HC Spartak Moscow and HC CSKA Moscow. He was inducted into the Russian and Soviet Hockey Hall of Fame in 1983.

neg: Scott Harlow Scott Christopher Harlow (born October 11, 1963) is an American retired professional ice hockey left winger who played one game in the NHL with the St. Louis Blues during the 1987–88 NHL season. Harlow was selected in the 3rd round (61st overall) of the 1982 NHL Entry Draft by the Montreal Canadiens.


query: Donovan McNabb was benched in favor of which former Florida State University College football player?

pos: 2011 Minnesota Vikings season The 2011 Minnesota Vikings season was the franchise's 51st season in the National Football League, and the first full season under head coach Leslie Frazier, who served as the team's interim head coach for the final six games of the 2010 season. It was also supposed to mark the first season with new starting quarterback Donovan McNabb, who had enjoyed great success with the Eagles but had a subpar year with the Redskins in 2010. McNabb played respectably, having a passer rating of 82.9 and only turning the ball over twice, but his 1–5 record as starter led to him being benched in favor of rookie Christian Ponder in Week 6, and McNabb was later waived on December 1, 2011. The team failed to improve on their 6–10 record from 2010, going 2–6 before their bye week, before being eliminated from playoff contention in week 12 with a 2–9 record. The team also suffered its first six-game losing streak since the 1984 season. Despite a poor year for the team, Jared Allen set a franchise record for most sacks in a season with 22. The team led the league in sacks with 50, but also tied a team record for fewest interceptions caught in a season with only 8.

pos: Christian Ponder Christian Andrew Ponder (born February 25, 1988) is an American football quarterback who is currently a free agent. He was drafted by the Minnesota Vikings with the 12th overall pick in the 2011 NFL Draft and started the majority of games for them from 2011 to 2013. He played college football at Florida State University and was the Seminoles starting quarterback from 2008 to 2010.

neg: Tim Newton Timothy Reginald Newton (born March 23, 1963) is an American former college and professional football player who was a defensive tackle in the National Football League (NFL) for nine seasons during the 1980s and 1990s. Newton played college football for the University of Florida, and thereafter, he played professionally for the Minnesota Vikings, Tampa Buccaneers and Kansas City Chiefs of the NFL.

neg: Clifford Charlton Clifford Tyrone Charlton (born February 16, 1965) is an American former college and professional football player who was a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL) for two seasons during the late 1980s. Charlton played college football for the University of Florida, and received All-American honors. A first-round pick in the 1988 NFL Draft, he played professionally for the NFL's Cleveland Browns.

neg: Derrick Morse Derrick Morse is a former American football player who played for the Jacksonville Sharks. He played as a guard for the University of Miami. He was signed as an undrafted free agent by the Jacksonville Sharks in 2010.

neg: Mickey Andrews Mickey Andrews (born May 20, 1942) is a retired American football coach. He served as the head football coach at Livingston University—now known as the University of West Alabama from 1970 to 1972 and at the University of North Alabama from 1973 to 1976. Andrews was the defensive coordinator at Florida State University for 26 seasons, from 1984 to 2009, under head coach Bobby Bowden.

neg: Travis Johnson Travis Andre Johnson (born April 26, 1982) is a former American football defensive end. He was drafted by the Houston Texans in the first round of the 2005 NFL Draft. He played college football at Florida State.

neg: Dexter Carter Dexter Anthony Carter (born September 15, 1967) is a former running back who played for the San Francisco 49ers and the New York Jets in the National Football League. He was drafted in the first round in the 1990 NFL Draft. He played college football at Florida State University.

neg: Ron Zook Ronald Andrew Zook (born April 28, 1954) is an American football coach and former player. He served as the head football coach at the University of Florida from 2002 to 2004 and the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign from 2005 to 2011. Zook is a native of Ohio and an alumnus of Miami University, where he played college football. He has worked as an assistant coach in the National Football League (NFL) with the Pittsburgh Steelers (1996–1998), Kansas City Chiefs (1999), and New Orleans Saints (2000–2001). In August 2012, he was hired as a college football studio analyst by CBS Sports. He is currently employed as the special teams coach for the Green Bay Packers.

neg: 1958 Florida State Seminoles football team The 1958 Florida State Seminoles football team represented Florida State University in the 1958 college football season. 1958 was the beginning of the longstanding rivalry with the Florida Gators. The Gators won the first meeting by a score of 21–7.

neg: 2000–01 Florida Gators men's basketball team The 2000–01 Florida Gators men's basketball team represented the University of Florida in the sport of basketball during the 2000–01 college basketball season. The Gators competed in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Eastern Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). They were led by head coach Billy Donovan, and played their home games in the O'Connell Center on the university's Gainesville, Florida campus.

neg: Kerwin Bell Kerwin Douglas Bell (born June 15, 1965) is an American college and professional football coach and former player who was a quarterback in the National Football League (NFL), World League of American Football (WLAF) and the Canadian Football League (CFL) for fourteen seasons in the 1980s, 1990s and early 2000s. Bell played college football for the University of Florida, and thereafter, he played professionally for four NFL teams, one WLAF team and four CFL teams. He was the head coach of the Jacksonville Dolphins football team of Jacksonville University from 2007 to 2015. He was announced as the head coach of the Valdosta State Blazers football team of Valdosta State University on January 22, 2016.

neg: 2007–08 Florida Gators men's basketball team The 2007–08 Florida Gators men's basketball team represented the University of Florida in the sport of basketball during the 2007–08 college basketball season. The Gators competed in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Eastern Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). They were led by head coach Billy Donovan, and played their home games in the O'Connell Center on the university's Gainesville, Florida campus.

neg: Monk Bonasorte Francis Joseph "Monk" Bonasorte (1957 – November 19, 2016) was an All-American college football player for Florida State University (FSU) who worked in various semi-pro sports leagues before returning to Florida State to head the school's Varsity Club.

neg: Pat Carter Pat Carter (born August 1, 1966) is a former American football player, active from 1988 to 1998. After graduating from Florida State University, Carter played tight end for the Detroit Lions, the Los Angeles and St. Louis Rams, the Houston Oilers, and the Arizona Cardinals.

neg: Ruben Carter (American football) Ruben Christopher Carter (born December 1, 1992) is an American football center who is currently a free agent. He played college football at Florida State and Toledo. He signed with the Miami Dolphins as an undrafted free agent in 2016.

neg: William McRae William Allan McRae Jr. (September 25, 1909 – January 27, 1973) was an American lawyer and United States federal judge. He was also a second-team All-American football player for the University of Florida.

neg: Ryan Flinn (American football) Ryan Patric Flinn (born February 14, 1980 in Ft. Myers, Florida) is a former American football punter. He played college football at the Central Florida.

neg: Carlos Alvarez (American football) Carlos Alvarez Vasquez Rodriguez Ubieta (born April 1, 1950) is an American former college football player who was a consensus All-American wide receiver for the Florida Gators football team of the University of Florida from 1969 to 1971.

neg: Jack Jackson (American football) Elliott Cornelius Jackson, Jr. (born November 11, 1972), nicknamed Jack Jackson, is an American former college and professional football player who was a wide receiver for four seasons in the National Football League (NFL) and Arena Football League (AFL). Jackson played college football for the University of Florida, and earned All-American honors. Thereafter, he played professionally for the Chicago Bears of the NFL, and also the Orlando Predators, Carolina Cobras and Florida Bobcats of the AFL.

neg: 1967 Florida State Seminoles football team The 1967 Florida State Seminoles football team represented Florida State University in the 1967 college football season.

neg: Wilber Marshall Wilber Buddyhia Marshall (born April 18, 1962) is an American former college and professional football player who was a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL) for five teams from 1984 until 1995. Marshall played college football for the University of Florida, was twice recognized as a consensus All-American, and is a member of the College Football Hall of Fame.


query: What NBC Poker Championship did the rival and fellow Full Tilt Poker signee of Viktor Bloom appear in?

pos: Viktor Blom Viktor Blom (born 26 September 1990) is a Swedish high-stakes online poker player, best known by the online poker name Isildur1. His rise to fame drew considerable attention around the poker world in late 2009, when he took part in all ten of the largest pots in online poker history. In December 2010, it was announced that then-anonymous Isildur1 had joined Team PokerStars Pro. Blom's identity was revealed by PokerStars on January 8, 2011, at the PokerStars Caribbean Adventure. Blom parted ways with PokerStars in August 2012 and was quickly signed-up by Full Tilt Poker on October 15, 2012, along with rival high-stakes player Tom Dwan.

pos: Tom Dwan Thomas Dwan Jr. (born July 30, 1986) is an American professional poker player who played online in the highest-stakes No-Limit Texas hold 'em and Pot-Limit Omaha games, primarily on Full Tilt Poker under the screen name "durrrr". Dwan has won prize money in live poker tournaments and has appeared on NBC's "National Heads-Up Poker Championship", the fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh seasons of "Poker After Dark", the third, fourth and fifth seasons of Full Tilt Poker's "Million Dollar Cash Game", and the fifth and sixth seasons of GSN's "High Stakes Poker".

neg: Abraham Shakespeare Abraham Lee Shakespeare (April 23, 1966 – ca. April 7, 2009) was an American casual laborer who won a thirty million dollar lottery jackpot in Florida, receiving $17 million in 2006. In 2009, his family declared him missing, and in January 2010 his body was found buried under a concrete slab in the backyard of an acquaintance. Dorice "Dee Dee" Moore was convicted of his murder and is now serving life in prison without the possibility of parole. Shakespeare's troubles began after winning the lottery. The case was profiled in the American E! television program "Curse of the Lottery"; and also was made the subject of an episode of "Snapped" on Oxygen Channel, DTV, on March 16, 2014 as well as the subject of a 2013 episode of "American Greed". The case also featured on Season 7 of "Deadly Women". Also showcased on "I Killed My BFF" on Lifetime Channel.

neg: World Series of Poker Tournament of Champions The World Series of Poker Tournament of Champions is an invitational freeroll poker event. Wins in this event do not count as official WSOP bracelets, but the winner receives a large trophy in the shape of the official World Series of Poker logo. In 2010, the WSOP Tournament of Champions returned with a new format more akin to a typical sports league All-Star Event format. 27 players vied for $1 million, with 20 of those players selected by the fans via online vote at the WSOP's website.

neg: Sam Stein Samuel "Sam" Stein (born January 11, 1988) is an American professional poker player from Los Angeles who lives in Henderson, Nevada. He won his first World Series of Poker bracelet at the 2011 World Series of Poker where he made two final tables and three in the money finishes. In both the 2010 and 2011 World Series of Poker, he finished in the money in two $10,000 Championship events, with one of them being the Pot Limit Texas hold 'em championship event each year. Of his nine World Series of Poker (WSOP) cashes, his last five are in pot limit events.

neg: Tom Schneider Tom Schneider (born December 24, 1959 in Indianapolis, Indiana) is a professional poker player from Phoenix, Arizona. Schneider is a certified public accountant and former president of a public golf company and chief financial officer for three Arizona companies before beginning his poker career in 2002. As of 2017, he is Chief Financial Officer of Loudmouth Golf . He wears their sport coats on Poker Night in America TV shows. He was also the Controller for Ping Golf. He is the author of the book "Oops! I Won Too Much Money: Winning Wisdom from the Boardroom to the Poker Table" which provides lessons for both poker and business. Tom was the co-host of the popular poker podcast, Beyond The Table, along with Karridy Askenasy and Dan Michalski, creator and head blogger at Pokerati, where Tom was a contributing columnist.

neg: Sarge Ferris Fred Bernard "Sarge" Ferris (December 1, 1928 – March 12, 1989) was an American professional poker player. In 1978, Ferris was considered among the top 12 poker players in the world at that time, as ranked by Poker Magazine.

neg: Don Holt Don Holt is an American poker player. He has won a World Series of Poker (WSOP) bracelet and has cashed in various events at the WSOP including the Main Event.

neg: David Baxter (poker player) David Baxter is an American poker player from Corpus Christi, Texas, who won two bracelets at the World Series of Poker.

neg: 1972 World Series of Poker The 1972 World Series of Poker (WSOP) was a series of poker tournaments held during early May 1972 at the Binion's Horseshoe in Las Vegas, Nevada. It was the third annual installment of the World Series of Poker, and also the second one to feature the freezeout structure. In comparison with the previous year's series, the number of events was cut back and the buy-ins were raised, resulting in one preliminary event and the Main Event both having the same buy-in of $10,000 (equals about $54,000 in 2011 U.S. dollars). The preliminary event featured five-card stud poker and was won by Bill Boyd, the same man who won the 1971 five-card stud preliminary event. The previous years' double champion Johnny Moss was defeated early in the main event and Thomas "Amarillo Slim" Preston went on to win the tournament after a series of deals.

neg: David Bach (poker player) David Bach is a professional poker player, and the winner of the $50,000 World Championship H.O.R.S.E. event at the 2009 World Series of Poker. Bach defeated John Hanson heads-up after a record breaking marathon final table that lasted 20 hours and 492 hands.

neg: Eric Froehlich Eric Froehlich (born February 9, 1984 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) is an American professional poker player, professional player, and member of the . He lives in Las Vegas, Nevada, with his wife, streamer Athena Huey. As of 2009, Froehlich's total live poker tournament winnings exceed $1,300,000. His 16 cashes at the WSOP account for $867,783 of those winnings.

neg: Crown Australian Poker Championship The Australian Poker Championship, commonly known as Aussie Millions, is a series of poker tournaments held at the Crown Casino, in Melbourne, Australia. The Main Event of the series is the Southern Hemisphere's richest poker tournament with a prize pool in excess of 7 million.

neg: Super High Roller Bowl The Super High Roller Bowl is an annual high stakes No Limit Hold'em poker tournament that takes place at the Aria Resort and Casino in Las Vegas, Nevada. The first edition of the event was held in July 2015 and featured a $500,000 buy-in, drawing a field of 43 players. Brian Rast won the inaugural tournament, earning $7,525,000. For its second year the tournament was moved to May and the buy-in was lowered to $300,000. Entries increased to 49 and Rainer Kempe captured the first prize of $5,000,000. The website Poker Central sponsors the event and features a live stream throughout the duration of the tournament.

neg: Poker After Dark Poker After Dark is an hour-long poker television program on NBC. The show made its debut on January 1, 2007, and was cancelled on September 23, 2011, following the "Black Friday" criminal case, which involved major sponsor Full Tilt Poker as one of the defendants. For its first two seasons, both of which originally aired in 2007, the show was presented by Shana Hiatt. The host for season 3 was Marianela Pereyra, and Leeann Tweeden took over starting with season 4. All seasons have contained voice-over commentary by Oliver "Ali" Nejad.

neg: Mike Matusow Michael Matusow (born April 30, 1968 in Los Angeles, California) is an American professional poker player, residing in Henderson, Nevada. Matusow's nickname of "The Mouth" reflects his reputation for trash-talking at the poker table. He is also known for sometimes ruining hours or days of good play with a single misjudgment, (known as a "Mike Matusow Blow-up" or "Mike Matusow Meltdown").

neg: Niki Jedlicka Nikolaus Jedlicka (born 19 August 1987) is an Austrian professional poker player who specializes in online Pot Limit Omaha cash games.

neg: Ryan Riess Ryan Riess (born June 21, 1990) is an American professional poker player best known for winning the 2013 World Series of Poker Main Event.

neg: Tilt (TV series) Tilt is an American drama television series set against the backdrop of the (fictional) World Championship of Poker tournament in Las Vegas, and with the tagline "You're playing poker. They're playing you." The series first aired on January 13, 2005, and is the second original drama series from ESPN, following "Playmakers". It was created by Brian Koppelman and David Levien, who co-wrote the poker-themed feature film "Rounders".

neg: Texas Hold'em Tournament Texas Hold'em Tournament is a poker video game developed by Digital Leisure for WiiWare. The game was released in PAL regions on March 27, 2009 and in North America on June 1, 2009.

neg: 2010 World Series of Poker Europe The fourth World Series of Poker Europe (WSOPE) took place from September 14, 2010 to September 28, 2010. There were five bracelet events, culminating in the £10,350 WSOPE Championship No-Limit Hold'em event. Events were held at the Empire Casino in Leicester Square.

neg: Ilari Sahamies Ilari Sahamies (born 1983 in Helsinki, Finland), also known as Ziigmund, is a Finnish professional poker player. He specializes in high-stakes pot-limit Omaha cash games. Sahamies is known for his trashtalk at the poker table, usually aimed towards his fellow pros, which has led to an online following. Sahamies played poker live in Finland before transitioning to online poker, where he now makes most of his money. Ilari has appeared on television shows including "High Stakes Poker" and "Poker After Dark".