query: In what capacity did the husband of the art curator and philanthropist based in Louisville Brooke Barzun serve for President Obama's 2012 re-election campaign?

pos: Brooke Barzun Brooke Barzun (born Brooke Lee Brown on June 18, 1972) is an art curator and philanthropist based in Louisville, Kentucky with her husband, Matthew Barzun, the former United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom. She is the daughter of Owsley Brown II and Christy Brown, and the granddaughter of Sally Brown. Her extended family has voting control of Brown-Forman Corporation, the parent company of Jack Daniel's whiskey and other brands.

pos: Matthew Barzun Matthew Winthrop Barzun (born October 23, 1970) is a former United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom. He is a business executive who is known for his work with CNET Networks and for his volunteer work on Barack Obama's 2008 presidential campaign. He served as U.S. Ambassador to Sweden from 2009 to 2011. He was selected by President Barack Obama as National Finance Chair for the president's 2012 re-election campaign.

neg: Mark Mallory Mark Mallory (born April 2, 1962) is an American politician who served as the 68th Mayor of Cincinnati, Ohio.

neg: Harris Wofford Harris Llewellyn Wofford Jr. (born April 9, 1926) is an American attorney and Democratic Party politician who represented Pennsylvania in the United States Senate from 1991 to 1995. A noted advocate of national service and volunteering, Wofford was also the fifth president of Bryn Mawr College from 1970 to 1978, served as Chairman of the Pennsylvania Democratic Party in 1986, as Pennsylvania Secretary of Labor and Industry in the cabinet of Governor Robert P. Casey from 1987 to 1991 and was a surrogate for Barack Obama's 2008 presidential campaign. He introduced Obama in Philadelphia at the National Constitution Center before Obama's speech on race in America, "A More Perfect Union".

neg: Tim Barnes Timothy Kent "Tim" Barnes (born December 28, 1958) is a Democratic Party politician in Tennessee, who represented the 22nd District as State Senator from 2009 to 2013. Barnes ran unsuccessfully for the Tennessee House of Representatives in 2006. However, he is perhaps best known for his primary challenge of then-State Senator Rosalind Kurita in 2008. Kurita actually received slightly more votes (19) than Barnes during the actual election, but the Tennessee Democratic Executive Committee, due to crossover voting by Republicans (Tennessee law does not provide for voter registration by political party) ruled that Barnes had received more votes of actual Democrats and was declared the winner under party bylaws. As the Republicans had anticipated Kurita being the winner they did not nominate a candidate who would have been opposing her, had she won. Kurita challenged the Executive Committee decision in court but was unsuccessful in both her court challenge and a write-in campaign against Barnes, who served a single term and was defeated by Republican Mark Green for re-election in 2012.

neg: Mary Matalin Mary Joe Matalin (born August 19, 1953) is an American political consultant well known for her work with the Republican Party. She has served under President Ronald Reagan, was campaign director for George H. W. Bush, was an assistant to President George W. Bush, and counselor to Vice President Dick Cheney until 2003. Matalin has been chief editor of Threshold Editions, a conservative publishing imprint at Simon & Schuster, since March 2005. She is married to Democratic political consultant James Carville. She appears in the award-winning documentary film "" and also played herself, opposite her husband, James Carville, John Slattery, and Mary McCormack in the short lived HBO series "K Street".

neg: Diane Meyer Simon Diane Meyer Simon (born Diane Irene Meyer) is an environmental activist, founder and leader of Global Green USA, member of the Green Cross International's (GCI) Honorary Board, and politician. She is the former wife of Indiana real estate billionaire Herbert Simon.

neg: Fund for the Arts Located in Louisville, Kentucky, the Fund for the Arts is the oldest united arts fund in the country and has raised over $172 million since its establishment. Mayor Charles R. Farnsley, served as Mayor of the City of Louisville from 1948 to 1953, and first conceived of the Fund for the Arts in 1949. He based its structure on that of the Community Chest, now known as United Way. The 2011 campaign raised more than $7.3 million, a long way from its first campaign in 1949, of $99,000. The Fund currently provides financing, facilities and administrative support for twenty-nine Louisville area arts groups and programs. In addition, it awards over 200 community access grants annually to community groups and schools in Kentucky and Southern Indiana. Other Fund sponsored activities include the annual Whittenberg Young Artist Scholarship. Conceived of and directed by the Fund for the Arts, ArtSpace, the W.L. Lyons Brown Theatre and the Fifth Third Conference Center are owned by the Fund for the Arts Properties Foundation, Inc., a Fund for the Arts partner corporation.

neg: Ann Romney Ann Lois Romney (née Davies; born April 16, 1949) is the wife of American businessman and politician, Mitt Romney. From 2003 to 2007, Romney was First Lady of Massachusetts, while her husband served as Governor.

neg: Jim Carlson (businessman) Jim Carlson is an American businessman and the Grassroots Party nominee for President of the United States in the 2012 election.

neg: Citizen Kate Citizen Kate is a continuing web series and video blog about Citizen journalism. In 2008, when the series was first created by Carey Lundin of Viva Lundin Productions, "Kate Soglin, a young "citizen journalist," gave the outsider’s view of inside politics. Citizen Kate was one of the first Citizen Journalists to hit the 2008 presidential campaign trail. She started her video blog coverage on February 10, 2007 at Barack Obama's announcement to run for president in Springfield, Illinois. She has filed several vblogs about the presidential campaign and politics on her web site CitizenKate.tv.

neg: Democratic Party presidential primaries, 2012 The 2012 Democratic presidential primaries and caucuses were the process by which voters of the Democratic Party chose its nominee for President of the United States in the 2012 U.S. presidential election. President Barack Obama won the Democratic Party nomination by securing more than the required 2,383 delegates on April 3, 2012 after a series of primary elections and caucuses. He was formally nominated by the 2012 Democratic National Convention on September 5, 2012, in Charlotte, North Carolina.

neg: Rick Santorum presidential campaign, 2016 The 2016 presidential campaign of Rick Santorum, former United States Senator from Pennsylvania, was formally announced at a rally in Pittsburgh on May 27, 2015. His campaign for the Republican nomination for President of the United States in 2016 was his second bid for the office, after having been a candidate in 2012, where he received the second most delegates after 2012 nominee Mitt Romney.

neg: Denis McDonough Denis Richard McDonough (born December 2, 1969) was the 26th White House Chief of Staff, succeeding Jack Lew at the start of President Barack Obama's second term.

neg: Fundraising for the 2012 United States presidential election Fundraising for the 2012 United States presidential election

neg: Jennifer Laszlo Mizrahi Jennifer Laszlo Mizrahi (born May 8, 1964 in Durham, North Carolina) is a person with a disability and a champion for the 1-in-5 people who have a disability. The co-founder/director of the Mizrahi Family Charitable Fund. A former political strategist, advocate, and commentator. She currently writes columns for the Huffington Post, Times of Israel, The Mighty. In addition to taking an active role in President Bill Clinton's Presidential campaign, she has founded or co-founded multiple non-profit organizations including "The Israel Project" and "Laszlo Strategies".

neg: Herman Cain presidential campaign, 2012 The 2012 presidential campaign of Herman Cain, an American businessman and radio host, began shortly after the 2010 midterm elections. He ran for the 2012 Republican Party nomination for President of the United States.

neg: Neil Barsky Neil Barsky is a United States-based journalist, former hedge fund manager, filmmaker, and philanthropist, best known for making the 2012 film "Koch" and for founding The Marshall Project, a journalism nonprofit intended to shed light on the United States criminal justice system.

neg: J. Carter Brown John Carter Brown III (October 8, 1934 – June 17, 2002), director of the U.S. National Gallery of Art from 1969 to 1992 and a leading figure in American intellectual life. Under Brown's direction, the National Gallery became one of the leading art museums in the United States, if not the world. He was known as a champion of the arts and public access to art at a time of decreased public spending on the humanities.

neg: Jonathan Rothschild Jonathan Rothschild (born 1955) is an American lawyer and politician in his second term as mayor of Tucson, Arizona. From 2001 to 2011 Rothschild was managing partner of the law firm Mesch, Clark & Rothschild. He is an adjunct assistant professor of the University of Arizona College of Law and a past chair of the State Bar of Arizona's Committee on Examinations. He has served as treasurer of the Pima County Democratic Party.

neg: Newt Gingrich presidential campaign, 2012 The 2012 presidential campaign of Newt Gingrich, former U.S. Representative from Georgia and Speaker of the House, began shortly following the 2010 midterm elections. He was politically active during the midterm elections, and helped several Tea Party-backed Republicans with his endorsements and fundraising abilities.

neg: Bernard Kinsey Bernard Kinsey is a Los Angeles philanthropist and entrepreneur with a passion for African-American history and art of the 19th and 20h centuries. He and his wife, Shirley, have been called "one of the most admired and respected couples in Los Angeles." They are known for espousing two life principles, “To whom much is given much is required" and live “A life of no regrets”. The couple have one son, Khalil, who is the general manager and curator of The Kinsey African American Art and History Collection and foundation.


query: Sigourney Weaver starred in the 1984 supernatural comedy film directed by whom?

pos: Sigourney Weaver Susan Alexandra Weaver (born October 8, 1949), known professionally as Sigourney Weaver, is an American actress and film producer. Following her film debut as a minor character in "Annie Hall" (1977), she quickly came to prominence with her first lead role as Ellen Ripley in "Alien" (1979). She reprised the role in three sequels: "Aliens" (1986), for which she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress; "Alien 3" (1992), and "Alien Resurrection" (1997). She is also known for her starring roles in the box-office hits "Ghostbusters" (1984), "Ghostbusters II" (1989), and "Avatar" (2009).

pos: Ghostbusters Ghostbusters is a 1984 American supernatural comedy film directed and produced by Ivan Reitman and written by Dan Aykroyd and Harold Ramis. The film stars Bill Murray, Aykroyd and Ramis as eccentric parapsychologists who start a ghost-catching business in New York City. Sigourney Weaver and Rick Moranis co-star as a client and her neighbor, and Ernie Hudson as the Ghostbusters' first recruit.

neg: The Lonely Guy The Lonely Guy is a 1984 American romantic comedy film directed by Arthur Hiller and starring Steve Martin. The screenplay is credited to Ed. Weinberger and Stan Daniels (of "Taxi") as well as Neil Simon (for "adaptation"), and is based on the 1978 book "The Lonely Guy's Book of Life" by Bruce Jay Friedman.

neg: The Boxer's Omen The Boxer's Omen (魔) is a 1983 Hong Kong horror film directed by Kuei Chih-Hung.

neg: The Cotton Club (film) The Cotton Club is a 1984 American crime-drama film centered on a Harlem jazz club of the 1930s, the Cotton Club.

neg: Terror in the Aisles Terror in the Aisles is a 1984 American documentary film about horror films featuring clips from "Friday the 13th" I and/or II, "The Texas Chain Saw Massacre", "Halloween" I and II, "Jaws" 1 and 2, "Alien", "John Carpenter's The Thing", "The Shining" and Alfred Hitchcock's "Psycho" and "The Birds". The film is hosted by Donald Pleasence and Nancy Allen. The original music score is composed by John Beal.

neg: Hobgoblins (film) Hobgoblins is a 1988 American low-budget independent comedy horror film directed, written, and produced by Rick Sloane, who also served as cinematographer and editor. The plot concerns small, often considered cheaply designed and made hobgoblins (small demon like mythical and goblin-like creatures).

neg: Special Effects (film) Special Effects is a 1984 film directed by Larry Cohen. It stars Zoe Lund and Eric Bogosian.

neg: That's My Baby! (1984 film) That's My Baby! is a 1984 Canadian comedy film directed by John Bradshaw and Edie Yolles. It was distributed for a brief time by Troma Entertainment.

neg: Razorback (film) Razorback is a 1984 Australian natural horror film written by Everett De Roche, based on Peter Brennan's novel, and directed by Russell Mulcahy. The film revolves around the attacks of a gigantic wild boar terrorizing the Australian outback, killing and devouring people.

neg: Mausoleum (film) Mausoleum is a 1983 supernatural horror film directed by Michael Dugan and starring former Playboy Bunny Bobbie Bresee.

neg: La Garce La Garce is a 1984 French thriller film directed by Christine Pascal and starring Isabelle Huppert.

neg: The Exorcist III The Exorcist III is a 1990 American supernatural horror film written and directed by William Peter Blatty. It is the third installment of "The Exorcist" franchise and a film adaptation of Blatty's novel, "Legion" (1983). The film stars George C. Scott, Ed Flanders, Jason Miller, Scott Wilson and Brad Dourif. This is the only "The Exorcist" film not to be distributed theatrically by Warner Bros., though Warner Bros. subsequently gained international distribution rights.

neg: It (miniseries) It is a 1990 American supernatural horror drama mini-series directed by Tommy Lee Wallace and adapted by Lawrence D. Cohen from the Stephen King novel of the same name.

neg: Between the Knees Between the Knees () is a 1984 South Korean film about a married woman who suffers from abnormal sexual tendencies which leads to her downfall.

neg: Ellie (film) Ellie is a 1984 comedy film directed by Peter Wittman and distributed by Troma Entertainment. Set in the deep south, the film follows the titular barefoot Ellie (Sheila Kennedy); after witnessing her father's murder at the hands of her stepmother and her three lecherous stepbrothers, Ellie vows to avenge her father's death using the only weapon she has: her voluptuous body.

neg: It Came Upon the Midnight Clear (film) It Came Upon the Midnight Clear is a 1984 American made-for-television Christmas drama film starring Mickey Rooney and Scott Grimes.

neg: Alien (film) Alien is a 1979 science-fiction horror film directed by Ridley Scott, and starring Sigourney Weaver, Tom Skerritt, Veronica Cartwright, Harry Dean Stanton, John Hurt, Ian Holm and Yaphet Kotto. The film's title refers to a highly aggressive extraterrestrial creature that stalks and attacks the crew of a spaceship. Dan O'Bannon, drawing upon previous works of science fiction and horror, wrote the screenplay from a story he co-authored with Ronald Shusett. The film was produced by Gordon Carroll, David Giler and Walter Hill through their company Brandywine Productions, and was distributed by 20th Century Fox. Giler and Hill revised and made additions to the script. Shusett was executive producer. The eponymous Alien and its accompanying elements were designed by the Swiss artist H. R. Giger, while concept artists Ron Cobb and Chris Foss designed the more human aspects of the film.

neg: Fatal Games Fatal Games (originally known as The Killing Touch and also released as Olympic Nightmare) is a 1984 American slasher film written and directed by Michael Elliott and starring Sally Kirkland, Lynn Banashek, Sean Masterson, Michael O'Leary, Teal Roberts, and Spice Williams-Crosby. The plot consists of a mad slasher wielding a javelin killing off various members of a high school gymnastics team. The film shares many of its plot points with an earlier slasher film, "Graduation Day".

neg: Chattanooga Choo Choo (film) Chattanooga Choo Choo is a 1984 comedy film starring Barbara Eden, George Kennedy, Melissa Sue Anderson and Joe Namath, directed by Bruce Bilson which was released on May 25, 1984. The film is inspired by the popular 1941 song "Chattanooga Choo Choo" originally recorded by the Glenn Miller Orchestra and featured in the 20th Century Fox film "Sun Valley Serenade".

neg: Why Me? (1984 film) Why Me? is a 1984 made for television film starring Glynnis O'Connor and Armand Assante.

neg: Dead Souls (1984 film) Dead Souls (Russian: Мёртвые души , "Myortvye dushi " ) is a 1984 Soviet television miniseries directed by Mikhail Shveytser, based on Nikolai Gogol's novel of the same name.


query: Planet Coaster is the spiritual succsessor to what October 26,2004 simulation video game release?

pos: Planet Coaster Planet Coaster is a construction and management simulation video game developed and published by Frontier Developments for Microsoft Windows and is available on Steam. Planet Coaster was released worldwide on 17 November 2016. Frontier had previously worked in the construction and management genre with "RollerCoaster Tycoon 3", of which "Planet Coaster" is a spiritual successor.

pos: RollerCoaster Tycoon 3 RollerCoaster Tycoon 3 is a construction and management simulation video game. It is the third installment in the "RollerCoaster Tycoon" series, first released on October 26, 2004, in North America. "RollerCoaster Tycoon 3" places players in charge of managing amusement parks; rides can be built or demolished, terrain and scenery can be adjusted, and prices can be controlled to keep visitors or "peeps" happy.

neg: E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (video game) E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (also referred to simply as E.T.) is a 1982 adventure video game developed and published by Atari, Inc. for the Atari 2600 video game console. It is based on the film of the same name, and was designed by Howard Scott Warshaw. The objective of the game is to guide the eponymous character through various screens in a cubic world to collect three pieces of an interplanetary telephone that will allow him to contact his home planet.

neg: Rollerball (video game) Rollerball (ローラーボール , Rōrābōru ) is a video game produced by HAL Laboratory, Inc. in 1988 for the Nintendo Entertainment System four years after its initial release on the MSX. It is designed to be played by one to four players, in turn. It is an emulation of a pinball machine.

neg: Space Rangers 2: Dominators Space Rangers 2: Dominators (Russian: Космические рейнджеры 2: Доминаторы), released in North America with the subtitle "Rise of the Dominators", is a multi-genre science fiction computer game developed by Elemental Games for Windows and first published in 2004 by 1C Company. The player takes the role of a spaceship pilot, and may explore, trade, engage in space and ground based combat, and undertake various types of missions. "Space Rangers 2" is the sequel to the 2002 computer game "Space Rangers".

neg: Knights of the Temple: Infernal Crusade Knights of the Temple: Infernal Crusade is an action-adventure video game released in 2004 by Starbreeze Studios. The game was released only in Europe. The soundtrack was by the Dutch metal band Within Temptation. A sequel, "Knights of the Temple II", was released in 2005.

neg: Space Shuttle (roller coaster) The Space Shuttle is a steel roller coaster situated at Enchanted Kingdom in Santa Rosa, Laguna in the Philippines. Space Shuttle Max is a Vekoma Boomerang coaster. It has a single train with seven cars, with 2 rows per car and 2 seats per row. The train is capable of carrying a maximum of 28 passengers. It is inspired by sci-fi films and the NASA space program of the 60's. This 11-story roller coaster inverts riders six times - three times forward and three times backward. This is the first coaster ride of its kind in the country.

neg: Destruction Derby Arenas Destruction Derby Arenas is a racing video game for the PlayStation 2. It was developed by Studio 33 and published by Gathering of Developers, and was released in 2004, being the fourth installment of the "Destruction Derby" series.

neg: No Gravity (video game) NoGravity is a space flight simulation and space shooter developed by realtech VR, a Montreal based, French Canadian independent computer games company. The game was ported to many platforms over the years as it was open sourced in 2005. "NoGravity" drew comparisons with the Wing Commander series.

neg: Roller Coaster (video game) Roller Coaster is a platform-based game which contains some strategy and puzzle elements. Uniquely it holds the claim of being the first video game to ever simulate amusement rides.

neg: Simraceway Simraceway Is an online racing simulation that hosted live, multiplayer racing events. The race environment was developed by Ignite Game Technologies, Inc. The service used a client-server software model similar to popular online games such as "World of Warcraft" allowing the racing environment to be continually updated.

neg: Star Sonata Star Sonata is a space-themed massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMO) released in 2004 that combines elements of action games and real-time strategy games such as real-time ship-to-ship combat and galactic conquest.

neg: Metal Storm (video game) Metal Storm is an action-platform video game developed by Tamtex and published by Irem for the Nintendo Entertainment System. It was released in North America in February 1991 and in Japan on April 24, 1992. The story takes place in 2501, when a laser weapon at a defense outpost on Pluto has malfunctioned and begun destroying the Solar System. The player takes on the role of the M-308 Gunner, which storms into the defense base in order to activate the self-destruct system before the laser gun destroys Earth. The M-308 is equipped with a gravity control device which allows the player to flip between the floor and ceiling, a main feature of the game. "Metal Storm" received positive reviews from gaming publications.

neg: Destination Earthstar Destination Earthstar is a futuristic, first person and side scrolling, space shooter game for the Nintendo Entertainment System.

neg: NASCAR Thunder 2004 NASCAR Thunder 2004 is a racing simulator by EA Sports, released in 2003 and available in separate versions for PlayStation, PlayStation 2, Xbox, and PC. It features the 2002 champion Tony Stewart on the cover with a scowling look to represent the new Grudges and Alliances feature. It was the only game as of 2002 to feature the previous Winston (Monster Energy) Cup Champion on the cover. The game had the most extensive soundtrack of the series up from four songs from the previous game. The game also has a career mode, season mode, Lightning Challenge mode, SpeedZone, as well as a tutorial mode featuring Richard Petty. The game is an EA Sports Bio game, and is compatible with other EA Sports Bio games like "Madden NFL 2004" and "NCAA Football 2004". A Nintendo GameCube port was planned but was cancelled, as the console did not support Online Play.

neg: UFO: Aftershock UFO: Aftershock is a computer real-time tactical strategy game created by Altar and released in 2005. It is a squad combat game at its core with overlying strategic elements and a clear debt to the lauded classic "" (1994), though a smaller one than that of its predecessor, "".

neg: Superman Escape Superman Escape is an Intamin Accelerator Coaster at Warner Bros. Movie World in Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. The ride opened on Boxing Day (26 December), 2005. It is the fourth roller coaster in the theme park. It accelerates from 0 to 100 km/h in two seconds.

neg: Psi-Ops: The Mindgate Conspiracy Psi-Ops: The Mindgate Conspiracy is a video game developed by Midway Games for the Xbox, PlayStation 2 and Microsoft Windows PC platforms. The game was released in North America on June 14, 2004; the European release followed on October 1, 2004.

neg: VR Coaster A VR Coaster is a special kind of amusement park ride attraction, consisting of a roller coaster facility or ride that can be experienced with virtual reality headsets. The term VR Coaster derives from the abbreviation of virtual reality and roller coaster. The first publicly operated VR Coasters have been opened in late 2015. Since then, several theme parks all over the world have been adapting this technology to extend their existing coaster facilities.

neg: Raging Spirits Raging Spirits is a roller coaster attraction in Tokyo DisneySea, began operation on July 21, 2005. Created by Walt Disney Imagineering, manufactured by Intamin and built by Sansei Technologies, the attraction takes guests on a thrilling, high-speed ride through the ruins of an ancient ceremonial site and its depictions of Incan buildings in the mountainous region of Peru. The attraction is located in Tokyo DisneySea's Lost River Delta section.

neg: Night Wizard! Night Wizard! (ナイトウィザード , "Naito Uizaado" ) is a Japanese contemporary fantasy role-playing game designed by Takeshi Kikuchi and FarEast Amusement Research (F.E.A.R.) released in 2002. In the modern-day earth campaign setting, player characters called "Wizards" (ウィザード) fight against the world enemy named "Emulators" (エミュレーター) and their lords "Maō" (魔王) and explore the dungeons built by "Emulators".

neg: Sega Superstars Sega Superstars (stylized as Sega SuperStars) is a party video game developed by Sonic Team for the PlayStation 2. It was published by Sega and released in Europe on October 22, 2004; in North America in November 3, 2004; and in Japan in November 11, 2004. The game features several minigames based on various Sega titles that are controlled using the EyeToy peripheral.


query: What country was the man who beat Andres Gimeno in the 1973 French Open Men's Singles from?

pos: 1973 French Open – Men's Singles Andres Gimeno was the defending champion, but lost in the second round to future champion Guillermo Vilas.

pos: Guillermo Vilas Guillermo Vilas (] ; born 17 August 1952) is a retired professional tennis player from Argentina, N°1 of the Grand Prix tennis circuit's Season in 1974, 1975 and 1977, who won four majors, seven Grand Prix Super Series titles and 62 ATP titles. He was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 1991. Known for his prolific match play, especially on clay, he became the second man to win more than 900 matches in the Open Era, and his number of match wins on clay are by far the most of the Era. His peak was the 1977 season during which he won two major titles (both on clay), had two long match win streaks of 46 all-surface and 53 on clay, and finished with an Open Era record of match wins. In 2005, Tennis magazine ranked him as the 15th-best male player of the preceding 40 years. He also popularized the between-the-legs tweener shot, also known as the "Gran Willy" in his honor.

neg: 1979 Australian Open – Men's Singles Guillermo Vilas was the defending champion, and successfully defended his title, defeating John Sadri 7–6, 6–3, 6–2 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1979 Australian Open.

neg: Henri Cochet Henri Jean Cochet (] ; 14 December 1901 – 1 April 1987) was a French tennis player. He was a world No. 1 ranked player, and a member of the famous "Four Musketeers" from France who dominated tennis in the late 1920s and early 1930s.

neg: Sébastien Grosjean Sébastien René Grosjean (] ; born 29 May 1978) is a retired tennis player from France. His career-high ATP singles ranking was world No. 4, achieved in October 2002. Grosjean retired from tennis on 27 May 2010.

neg: Rolf Gehring Rolf Gehring (born 25 November 1955), is a former professional tennis player from Germany. He achieved a career-high singles ranking of world No. 37 in 1981.

neg: 1973 French Open – Women's Singles Reigning champion Billie-Jean King did not defend her title. Margaret Court defeated Chris Evert 6–7, 7–6, 6–4 (in her first appearance at the French Open) in the final to win the Women's Singles tennis title at the 1973 French Open.

neg: 1975 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Arthur Ashe defeated defending champion Jimmy Connors 6–1, 6–1, 5–7, 6–4 in the final to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1975 Wimbledon Championships.

neg: 1970 ATP Buenos Aires – Singles Željko Franulović defeated Manuel Orantes 6–4, 6–2, 6–0 to win the 1970 ATP Buenos Aires singles competition. François Jauffret was the champion but did not defend his title.

neg: 1974 Stadthalle Open – Singles Vitas Gerulaitis won in the final 6–4, 3–6, 6–3, 6–2 against Andrew Pattison.

neg: 1976 ABN World Tennis Tournament The 1976 ABN World Tennis Tournament was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at Ahoy Rotterdam in the Netherlands. It was part of the 1976 World Championship Tennis circuit. It was the fourth edition of the tournament was held from 23 February through 29 February 1976. Arthur Ashe won the singles title.

neg: 1971 Australian Open – Men's Singles Ken Rosewall defeated defending champion Arthur Ashe 6–1, 7–5, 6–3 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1971 Australian Open. He was the first man to win a Grand Slam singles title without dropping a set in the open era.

neg: Hans van Swol Albertus Christiaan "Hans" van Swol (] ; 22 August 1914 – 20 May 2010) was a Dutch tennis player. He was five-fold Dutch singles champion (1938, 1940, 1941, 1948 and 1949). He reached the fourth round at Wimbledon on five different occasions (1946, 1948–1951) but never made it to the quarter finals stage. He reached the third round of the French Championships at Roland-Garros in 1937.

neg: Juan Mónaco Juan Mónaco (] ; born 29 March 1984), nicknamed "Pico", is a male former tennis player from Argentina. He won nine singles titles, reached the semifinals of the 2010 Shanghai Masters and the 2012 Miami Masters, and achieved a career-high singles ranking of world no. 10 in July 2012. He announced his retirement from professional tennis on 15th May, 2017.

neg: Einer Ulrich Einer Ulrich (] ; 6 May 1896 – 28 February 1969) was a Danish male tennis player who represented Denmark in the Davis Cup and the Olympic Games. He competed in the singles event at the 1924 Summer Olympics, reaching the second round in which he lost to Henk Timmer. With compatriot Erik Tegner he competed in the men's doubles event and reached the third round.

neg: Andrés Gómez Andrés Gómez Santos (born February 27, 1960 in Guayaquil, Ecuador) is an Ecuadorian former professional tennis player. He won the Men's Singles title at the French Open in 1990.

neg: 1974 Monte Carlo WCT The 1974 Monte Carlo Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Monte Carlo Country Club in Monte Carlo, Monaco. The tournament was part of the Red Group of the 1974 World Championship Tennis circuit. It was the 69th edition of the event and was held from 8 April through 14 April 1974. Andrew Pattison won the singles title.

neg: 1973 Swedish Open The 1973 Swedish Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts held in Båstad, Sweden. It was classified as a Group B category tournament and was part of the 1973 Grand Prix circuit. It was the 26th edition of the tournament and was held from July 8 through July 15, 1973. Stan Smith won the singles title.

neg: 1969 US Open – Men's Singles Arthur Ashe was the defending champion but lost in the semi-finals to Rod Laver, who went on to defeat countryman Tony Roche 7–9, 6–1, 6–2, 6–2 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1969 US Open, becoming the only man in the open era to complete the Calendar Grand Slam.

neg: 1973 Stockholm Open – Singles Stan Smith was the defending champion, but lost in the quarterfinals this year.

neg: 1977 Monte Carlo WCT The 1977 Monte Carlo Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Monte Carlo Country Club in Monte Carlo, Monaco. The tournament was part of the World Championship Tennis (WCT) tour. It was the 71st edition of the event and was held from 4 April through 10 April 1977. Björn Borg won the singles title and the accompanying $30,000 first-prize money.

neg: Luis Ayala (tennis) Luis Alberto Ayala Salinas (born 18 September 1932) is a Chilean former tennis player who competed in the 1950s and 1960s. He was twice a singles runner-up at the French Championships. In 1958 he was seeded fifth and reached the final after a victory against first-seeded and world No. 1 Ashley Cooper in the semifinal. In the final, however, he was defeated in straight sets by Mervyn Rose while in 1960 he lost the final in fives sets to Nicola Pietrangeli. Together with Thelma Coyne Long he won the mixed doubles title at the 1956 French Championships. He won the prestigious singles title at the Italian Open in 1959, defeating Neale Fraser in the final in four sets. The following year,1960, he again reached the final but lost in five sets to  Barry MacKay.


query: What kind of athlete is the person who carried the flag at the closing ceremony of the 2004 Summer Olympics?

pos: Great Britain at the 2004 Summer Olympics Great Britain, represented by the British Olympic Association (BOA), competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece, from 13 to 29 August 2004. The British sent a wide-ranging delegation to the Games, continuing its ubiquitous presence in the Olympic games, the only country to have sent competitors to every summer and winter games since the birth of the modern Olympics in 1896. Great Britain's 264 athletes, 161 men and 103 women, competed in 22 disciplines throughout the two-week event. The team entered the opening ceremony behind the Union Flag carried by judoka Kate Howey. Double gold medal winner Kelly Holmes carried the flag at the closing ceremony.

pos: Kelly Holmes Dame Kelly Holmes, DBE (born 19 April 1970) is a retired British middle distance athlete.

neg: Lizzy Igasan Elizabeth Jane "Lizzy" Igasan (born 16 September 1982) is a New Zealand field hockey player who was captain of the national team and a participant in the 2004 Summer Olympics and 2008 Summer Olympics.

neg: Winston George Winston George (born 19 May 1987 in Georgetown, Guyana) is a Guyanese runner. He competed in the 400 m event at the 2012 Summer Olympics. He was the flag bearer of Guyana during the 2012 Summer Olympics opening ceremony. He was also named Guyana's Male Athlete of the Year in 2011 and 2013 by the Athletics Association of Guyana.

neg: 2002 Winter Olympics national flag bearers During the Parade of Nations portion of the 2002 Winter Olympics opening ceremony, athletes from each country participating in the Olympics paraded in the arena, preceded by their flag. The flag was borne by a sportsperson from that country chosen either by the National Olympic Committee or by the athletes themselves to represent their country.

neg: Turkey at the 2004 Summer Olympics Turkey competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece, from 13 to 29 August 2004. Turkish athletes have competed at every Summer Olympic Games since its debut in 1908. Turkey did not attend the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp, the 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles at the period of Great Depression, and the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow because of the United States boycott. The Turkish Olympic Committee (Turkish: "Türkiye Milli Olimpiyat Komitesi" , "TMOK") sent the nation's largest delegation to the Games. A total of 65 athletes, 45 men and 20 women, competed in 10 sports. There was only a single competitor in shooting and taekwondo.

neg: Mital Sharipov Mital Sharipov (Russian: Митал Шарипов ; born April 13, 1972 in Bishkek) is a retired Kyrgyzstani weightlifter. Sharipov represented Kyrgyzstan at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, where he competed in the men's light heavyweight class. He successfully lifted 155 kg in the single-motion snatch, and hoisted 190 kg in the two-part, shoulder-to-overhead clean and jerk to deliver a sixteenth-place finish in a field of twenty weightlifters with a total of 345 kg. At the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Sharipov was appointed as the Kyrgyzstani flag bearer in the opening ceremony, but has been immediately excluded by the International Olympic Committee for violations on anti-doping rules.

neg: Simon Whitfield Simon St. Quentin Whitfield (born 16 May 1975 in Kingston, Ontario) is a retired Olympic triathlon champion from Canada. Whitfield won 10 consecutive Canadian Triathlon Championships titles and carried the Canadian national flag during the opening ceremony at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London.

neg: 2000 Summer Olympics opening ceremony The opening ceremony of the 2000 Summer Olympic games took place on Friday 15 September in Stadium Australia. As mandated by the Olympic Charter, the proceedings combined the formal and ceremonial opening of this international sporting event, including welcoming speeches, hoisting of the flags and the parade of athletes, with an artistic spectacle to showcase the host nation’s culture and history. For Sydney 2000, the Games were formally opened by Governor-General Sir William Deane. The ceremony was described by IOC President Juan Antonio Samaranch as the most beautiful ceremony the world has ever seen. It also represented several highlights of Australian culture and history, from sea creatures and flora/fauna to lawn mowers and other Australian cultural icons. The Opening Ceremony had a cast of 12,687 people who took part in the ceremony. Consistent with normal major production management, the music was pre-recorded under studio conditions to ensure its quality.

neg: Jamaica at the 2012 Summer Olympics Jamaica competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, from 27 July to 12 August 2012. This was Jamaica's most successful performance in the Summer Olympics; it was approximately the same size from the previous games with a delegation of 50 athletes (25 men and 25 women), and its athletes broke the nation's record for the number of medals (all awarded in the track and field), won in a single games. Jamaica's participation in London marked its sixteenth appearance as an independent nation, although it had previously competed in four other games (including the 1948 debut in the same host city London) as a British colony, and as part of the West Indies Federation. Usain Bolt became the nation's greatest highlight of these games, having won three of Jamaica's four gold medals at London, and breaking an Olympic and world record in two of the three events in which he participated. Because of his repeated successes for the most medals and records, Bolt became Jamaica's first male flag bearer at the opening ceremony since 1984.

neg: 1996 Summer Olympics national flag bearers During the Parade of Nations portion of the 1996 Summer Olympics opening ceremony, athletes from each country participating in the Olympics paraded in the arena, preceded by their flag. The flag was borne by a sportsperson from that country chosen either by the National Olympic Committee or by the athletes themselves to represent their country.

neg: 2004 Summer Olympics opening ceremony The opening ceremony of the 2004 Summer Olympic Games was held on August 13, 2004 at the Olympic Stadium in Maroussi, Greece, a suburb of Athens. 72,000 spectators attended the event, with approximately 15,000 athletes from 202 countries participating in the ceremony as well. It marked the first-ever international broadcast of high definition television, undertaken by the U.S. broadcaster NBC and the Japanese broadcaster NHK.

neg: Burundi at the 2008 Summer Olympics Burundi participated in the 2008 Summer Olympics, held in Beijing, China from 8 to 24 August 2008. It was Burundi's fourth appearance in the summer Olympics since its debut in 1996. The Burundi team included three athletes: runners Joachim Nshimirimana and Francine Niyonizigiye, as well as swimmer Elsie Uwamahoro. Niyonizigiye, a marathon runner, was flag bearer for the opening ceremony. None of the Burundi athletes progressed further than the qualifying round.

neg: Cuba at the 2008 Summer Olympics Cuba competed in the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, People's Republic of China. As of 8 August 2008, 165 Cuban athletes had qualified to compete in 16 sports. The country's flagbearer at the opening ceremony was wrestler Mijaín López.

neg: Nepal at the 2012 Summer Olympics Nepal competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, which was held from 27 July to 12 August 2012. The country's participation at London marked its twelfth appearance in the Summer Olympics since its début at the 1964 Summer Olympics. The delegation included two track and field athletes; Tilak Ram Tharu and Pramila Rijal, one shooter Sneh Rana and two swimmers; Prasiddha Jung Shah and Shreya Dhital; all five competitors qualified for the Games through wildcard places from their respective sporting governing bodies. It was the smallest delegation sent by Nepal since the 1992 Summer Olympics. Shah was selected as the flag bearer for the opening and closing ceremonies. Four of the five athletes were unable to progress beyond the first stages of their respective events while Rana finished 54th in the women's 10 metre air rifle shooting competition.

neg: Mauritania at the 2012 Summer Olympics Mauritania competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, which was held from 27 July to 12 August 2012. The country's participation at London marked its eighth appearance in the Summer Olympics since its debut in the 1984 Summer Olympics. The delegation included two track and field athletes, Jidou El Moctar and Aicha Fall, who were selected to the team by wildcard places, as the nation had no athletes that met either the "A" or "B" qualifying standards. Moctar was selected as flag bearer for the opening ceremony while a LOCOG Games Maker carried it for the closing ceremony. Neither of the two athletes progressed beyond the heats.

neg: Zhang Xielin Zhang Xielin (born 1940) is a Chinese table-tennis player who carried the Olympic flag in 2008 Summer Olympics Opening Ceremony.

neg: American Samoa at the 2012 Summer Olympics American Samoa competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, United Kingdom from July 27 to August 12, 2012. This nation marked its seventh appearance at the Olympics. Five athletes from American Samoa were selected to the Games; all of them were given under Universality slots and tripartite invitation, without being qualified. Freestyle swimmer Ching Maou Wei became the nation's first male flag bearer at the opening ceremony since 1996. Among the sports played by the athletes, American Samoa also marked its Olympic return in wrestling after 16 years. American Samoa, however, has yet to win its first ever Olympic medal.

neg: Greece at the 2004 Summer Olympics Greece was the host country for the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, from 13 to 29 August 2004, as the host nation. As the progenitor nation and in keeping with tradition, Greek athletes have competed at every Summer Olympics in the modern era, alongside Australia, Great Britain, and Switzerland. The Hellenic Olympic Committee sent a total of 426 athletes to the Games, 215 men and 211 women, and had achieved automatic qualification places in all sports, with the exception of men's and women's field hockey. It was also the nation's largest team ever in Summer Olympic history since the first modern Games were held in 1896.

neg: Joachim Nshimirimana Joachim Nshimirimana (born January 13, 1973) is a Burundian athlete who specialized in marathon and long-distance running. He represented Burundi at two Olympic games (2004 in Athens, and 2008 in Beijing).

neg: Matthew O'Dowd Matthew O'Dowd (born 15 April 1976) is a British long-distance runner. He competed in the men's marathon at the 2004 Summer Olympics.

neg: Andrei Kazak Andrei Heorhievich Kazak (Belarusian: Андрэй Георгіевіч Казак ; born 13 March 1980 in Hrodna) is a Belarusian sport shooter. Kazak made his official debut for the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, where he competed in the men's 10 m running target, a shooting event which has since been removed from the Olympic events. Kazak shot 292 targets in the slow-run and 283 in the fast-run for a total score of 575 points, finishing only in ninth place.


query: Where is Reliance BIG Entertainment headquartered?

pos: Reliance Entertainment Reliance Entertainment (formerly known as Reliance BIG Entertainment) is a division of the Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group handling its media and entertainment business, across content and distribution platforms.

pos: Reliance Group Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group (Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Ventures Limited) is an Indian conglomerate, headquartered in Navi Mumbai, India. The company, which was formed after Dhirubhai Ambani's business was divided up, is headed by his younger son Anil Ambani. It has a market capitalisation of () and net assets worth () . The Reliance Group operates in over 20,000 towns and 450,000 villages in India, and abroad.

neg: Dodsal Group The Dodsal Group is a diversified multinational conglomerate headquartered in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. It operates in the areas of trading and distribution; engineering, procurement and construction; exploration and production; casual dining restaurants; and manufacturing.

neg: HTC HTC Corporation () is a Taiwanese consumer electronics company headquartered in Xindian District, New Taipei City, Taiwan. Founded in 1997, HTC began as an original design manufacturer and original equipment manufacturer, designing and manufacturing devices such as mobile phones and tablets.

neg: Sikhya Entertainment Sikhya Entertainment is an Indian motion picture production company based in Mumbai. The company was founded in 2008 by Bollywood producer Guneet Monga who is also CEO. The company is mostly known for making new wave cinemas in Bollywood. Sikhya Entertainment has co-produced many films with Anurag Kashyap Films.

neg: Hindalco Industries Hindalco Industries Ltd., an aluminium manufacturing company, is a subsidiary of the Aditya Birla Group. Its headquarters are at Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. It is the Flagship company of the company in the metals business.

neg: Aptech Aptech Limited is a global education and training company headquartered in Mumbai, India.

neg: PMS Prasad Panda Madhusudhana Sivaprasad Prasad is an engineer, executive, and the Chief Executive Officer of Reliance Industries. He is the senior most individual in the Reliance Industries day-to-day operations corporate organizational chart excluding Chairman Mukesh Ambani.

neg: Raj Television Network Raj Television Network is an Indian satellite television network established on 3 June 1994 and is based in Chennai, India. It owns television channels across four South Indian languages Tamil, Telugu, Kannada and Malayalam. Its flagship channel is Raj TV.

neg: Religare Religare Enterprises Limited (REL) is the holding company for one of India's leading diversified financial services groups, headquartered in New Delhi, India. It offers an integrated suite of financial services through its underlying subsidiaries and operating entities, includes Loans to Small and Medium Enterprises (SME)'s, Affordable Housing Finance, Health insurance and Capital Markets. REL is listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and National Stock Exchange (NSE) in India.

neg: Bhilai Engineering Corporation Bhilai Engineering Corporation Limited (BEC Limited) is a diversified Indian company with interests in heavy engineering, foundry, EPC Projects, fertilizers and agro-inputs, and processed foods. The company has in-house resources for design, engineering and project management services. It is headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India with manufacturing facilities in Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India.

neg: Maruhan Maruhan Co., Ltd. (株式会社マルハン , Kabushiki gaisha Maruhan ) is a Japanese entertainment company with headquarters in Kyoto and Tokyo. The company operates several entertainment facilities such as pachinko parlors, bowling alleys, golf driving ranges, cinemas and more.

neg: Lionsgate Lions Gate Entertainment Corporation, doing business as Lionsgate, is an American entertainment company. The company was formed on July 10, 1997, in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada and is currently headquartered in Santa Monica, California.

neg: Batoi Systems Batoi Systems Private Limited is a global cloud computing company headquartered in Bhubaneswar, India. Batoi has been profiled as one of the top 20 cloud computing companies by silicon review magazine and profiled among the 50 Most Promising Big Data Companies by CIO Review

neg: Rogers Communications Rogers Communications Inc. is a Canadian communications and media company. It operates particularly in the field of wireless communications, cable television, telephone, and Internet connectivity with significant additional telecommunications and mass media assets. The company is headquartered in Toronto, Ontario,

neg: TTK Services TTK Services Pvt Ltd, is an Indian business conglomerate with a presence across the world, In different segments of industry including virtual assistant services and Real estate services, headquartered in Bangalore, Karnataka. TTK Services Pvt Ltd is a company of the TTK Group; The TTK Group was founded in 1928 as an indenting agency by Mr. T.T. Krishnamachari. The Group also has other subsidiaries like TTK Healthcare Limited, TTK Protective Devices Limited, Cigna TTK Limited and Prestige Smart Kitchen.

neg: Central (Hypermarket) Central is an Indian retail chain operated by Future Retail Limited, the operating company of Future Group which also runs another hypermarket chain, Big Bazaar.

neg: Entertainment One Entertainment One (also simply known as eOne, stylized as entertainment One) is a publicly traded Canadian multinational record label & entertainment distribution company. Based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, the company is primarily involved in the acquisition, distribution, and production of music, as well as the distribution of other entertainment content, such as films & television series.

neg: India Elements India Elements is an event and artist management company with headquarters in Cochin, India. The company specializes in live, cultural events around the world. Founded in 2009, India Elements manages live musical and cultural events.

neg: Central Electronics Limited Central Electronics Limited is a Union Government owned engineering company based in India with its manufacturing unit located at Sahibabad, district Ghaziabad in state of Uttar Pradesh.

neg: Lehren Lehren Networks Private Limited is a network of media and entertainment websites about India's entertainment industry, primarily Bollywood and related extensions. The company is located in Mumbai, India, and was founded by Mritunjay Pandey. Lehren covers celebrity life, gossip, and other related events.

neg: Tarang Cine Productions Tarang Cine Productions is an Indian motion picture production and distribution company based in Bhubaneswar as part of the Odia film industry. The company was founded by Odisha Television Ltd. in 2015. Ishq Tu Hi Tu, Tarang Cine Productions first venture was released in January 2015.


query: In pre-Roman Gaul the Belgic tribe of the Veliocasses or Velocasses controlled a large area in the lower Seine valley, which retains a trace of their name, as the Vexin, in 52 they raised 3000 men to support which son of Celtillus the Avernian, leader of the Gallic tribes?

pos: Veliocasses In pre-Roman Gaul the Belgic tribe of the Veliocasses or Velocasses controlled a large area in the lower Seine valley, which retains a trace of their name, as the Vexin. According to Julius Caesar' "Commentary on the Gallic Wars" the Veliocasses participated in the tribal coalition of the Belgae that resisted the Romans in 57 BCE. In 52 they raised 3000 men to support Vercingetorix, and fought alongside the Bellovaci in the final rebellion against Roman hegemony.

pos: Vercingetorix Vercingetorix was the son of Celtillus the Avernian, leader of the Gallic tribes. Vercingetorix came to power after his formal designation as chieftain of the Arverni at the oppidum Gergovia in 52 BC. He immediately established an alliance with other Gallic tribes, took command and combined all forces, and led them in the Celts' most significant revolt against Roman power. He won the Battle of Gergovia against Julius Caesar in which several thousands Romans and allies died and Caesar's Roman legions withdrew.

neg: Ambicatus Ambicatus (or Ambigatos in Gaulish) is mentioned in the founding legend of Mediolanum (Milan) by Livy, whose source is Timagenes, as a king of the Bituriges, "kings of the world" as their name suggests, who ruled over the Celts in central Gaul, between Hispania and Germany, in the days of Tarquinius Priscus (the sixth century BCE). Ambicatus sent his sister's sons, Bellovesus and Segovesus, with many followers drawn from numerous tribes, to found new colonies in the Hercynian forest and in northern Italy, in the early sixth century BC. Bellovesus founded Mediolanum. If Ambicatus was an authentic historical figure, rather than a construct to express the linked origins of Celtic tribes in northern Italy and beyond the Alps, most likely he was the leader of the most powerful tribe in a military alliance, from which the Celtic colonizers of Italy were apparently drawn.

neg: Ausci The Ausci were an Aquitani pre-Roman tribe settled in what today is southwestern France, in the city of "Elimberrum" or "Eliberris" (from Basque, "hiri": "city" and "berri": "new"), present-day Auch in the French department of Gers. The Ausci spoke a form or dialect of the Aquitanian language, a precursor of the Basque language.

neg: Eutharic Eutharic Cilliga (Latin: "Flavius Eutharicus Cillica") was an Ostrogothic prince from Iberia (modern-day Spain) who, during the early 6th century, served as Roman Consul and "son in arms" ("filius per arma") alongside the Byzantine emperor Justin I. He was the son-in-law and presumptive heir of the Ostrogoth king Theoderic the Great but died in AD 522 at the age of 42 before he could inherit Theoderic's title. Theoderic claimed that Eutharic was a descendant of the Gothic royal house of Amali and it was intended that his marriage to Theoderic's daughter Amalasuintha would unite the Gothic kingdoms, establish Theoderic's dynasty and further strengthen the Gothic hold over Italy.

neg: Vermandois Vermandois was a French county that appeared in the Merovingian period. Its name derives from that of an ancient tribe, the Viromandui. In the 10th century, it was organised around two castellan domains: St Quentin (Aisne) and Péronne (Somme). In today's times, the Vermandois county would fall in the Picardy region of northern France.

neg: Pictones The Pictones were a tribe inhabiting a region along the Bay of Biscay in what is now western France, along the south bank of the Loire. During the reign of Augustus (27 BC – 14 AD), the Pictones were included in the larger province of Gallia Aquitania, along with most of western Gaul. They gave their name to the Roman appellation of Poitiers - "Limonum Pictonum / Pictavi", as well as to the modern region of Poitou.

neg: Andes (Andecavi) The Andecavi (also Andicavi) or Andegavi, also Andes in Julius Caesar's "Bellum Gallicum", were a people of ancient and medieval Aremorica. They gave their name to the "comté" Anjou, called Andegavia in medieval Latin.

neg: Audoin Alduin, Auduin, or Audoin (Langobardic: "Aldwin", or "Hildwin") was king of the Lombards from 546 to 560. Under him the Lombards became fœderati of the Byzantines (541), signing a treaty with Justinian I which gave them power in Pannonia and the north. Beginning in 551, Audoin was obliged to send troops to serve Narses in Italy in the Gothic War against the Ostrogoths. The next year (552), he sent over 5,000 men to defeat the Goths on the slopes of Vesuvius. That same year Audoin had been able to inflict a heavy defeat on the Gepids with the help of his brother-in-law Amalafrid: the Gepid king Thurisind lost his eldest son, Turismod, in the Battle of Asfeld during which the prince was killed by Alboin, son of Audoin.

neg: Gaius Valerius Caburus Gaius Valerius Caburus ("fl." 1st century BC) was a leader of the Helvii, a relatively small Celtic polity whose territory was more or less equivalent to the Vivarais (the French department Ardèche), on the northern border of Gallia Transalpina. Caburus was granted Roman citizenship in 83 BC by Gaius Valerius Flaccus during his governorship of Gaul. The date of his last known activity indicates that he was probably between the ages of twenty and thirty at the time, and almost certainly under thirty-five. Caburus took his patron's gentilic name, as was customary for naturalized citizens.

neg: Constantine the Great Constantine the Great (Latin: "Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus Augustus" ; Greek: Κωνσταντῖνος ὁ Μέγας ; 27 February 272 AD – 22 May 337 AD), also known as Constantine I or Saint Constantine (in the Orthodox Church as Saint Constantine the Great, Equal-to-the-Apostles), was a Roman Emperor of Illyrian-Greek origin from 306 to 337 AD. He was the son of Flavius Valerius Constantius, a Roman Army officer, and his consort Helena. His father became "Caesar", the deputy emperor in the west, in 293 AD. Constantine was sent east, where he rose through the ranks to become a military tribune under Emperors Diocletian and Galerius. In 305, Constantius raised himself to the rank of "Augustus", senior western emperor, and Constantine was recalled west to campaign under his father in Britannia (Britain). Constantine was acclaimed as emperor by the army at Eboracum (modern-day York) after his father's death in 306 AD, and he emerged victorious in a series of civil wars against Emperors Maxentius and Licinius to become sole ruler of both west and east by 324 AD.

neg: Ceutrones The Ceutrones (variant: Centrones) were a pre-Roman Celtic tribe of ancient Gaul that controlled the Graian Alps regions of Gallia Viennensis Quinta in Gallia Narbonensis.

neg: Conan Meriadoc Conan Meriadoc is a legendary British leader credited with founding Brittany. Versions of his story circulated in both Brittany and Great Britain from at least the early 12th century, and supplanted earlier legends of Brittany's foundation. His story is known in two major versions, which appear in the Welsh text known as "The Dream of Macsen Wledig", and in Geoffrey of Monmouth's "Historia Regum Britanniae". Both texts associate him with Magnus Maximus ("Macsen Wledic"), a Roman usurper of the Valentinian dynasty who was widely regarded as having deprived Britain of its defences when he took its legions to claim the imperial throne. Conan's cousin or sister, Saint Elen, is said to have been Macsen Wledic's wife.

neg: Carvetii The Carvetii were an Iron Age people and were subsequently identified as a "civitas" (canton) of Roman Britain living in what is now Cumbria, in North-West England.

neg: Agilbert Agilbert (floruit circa 650–680) was the second bishop of the West Saxon kingdom and later bishop of Paris. Son of a Neustrian noble named Betto, he was a first cousin of Audoin and related to the Faronids and Agilolfings, and less certainly to the Merovingians. His name, the Frankish language equivalent of Æthelberht, has been taken to suggest a link with the royal family of the Kingdom of Kent.

neg: Lucius Petronius Taurus Volusianus Volusianus was a Roman citizen, apparently of equestrian origins, whose career in the Imperial Service in the mid-Third Century AD carried him from a relatively modest station in life to the highest public offices and senatorial status in a very few years. He may have secured his first appointments before the Licinian Dynasty - (Valerian and his son Gallienus) - acceded to the Empire in 253 AD, but it was in the course of their reign that his upward progress achieved an almost unprecedented momentum and the second factor seems to have been a consequence of the first. The nature of his relationship to the Licinii is uncertain, but it seems likely that a common origin in the Etruscan region of central Italy predisposed Gallienus at least in his favour and he seems to have been that prince's most trusted servant and adviser during the period of his sole reign - 260(?)-268 AD.

neg: Esuvii The Esuvii (Esubii, Sesuvii) were a Gaulish tribe mentioned by Caesar.

neg: Ambiani The Ambiani were a Belgic people of Celtic language, who were said to be able to muster 10,000 armed men, in 57 BC, the year of Julius Caesar's Belgic campaign. They submitted to Caesar. Their country lay in the valley of the Samara (modern Somme); and their chief town "Samarobriva", afterwards called "Ambiani" and "Civitas Ambianensium", is supposed to be represented by Amiens. They were among the people who took part in the great insurrection against the Romans, which is described in the seventh book of Caesar's "Gallic War".

neg: Prehistory of France Prehistoric France is the period in the human occupation (including early hominins) of the geographical area covered by present-day France which extended through prehistory and ended in the Iron Age with the Celtic "La Tène culture".

neg: Abrincatui The Abrincatui were a Gallic tribe (Plin. iv. 18), not mentioned by Julius Caesar, whose frontier was near the Curiosolites. Their town Ingena, called "Abrincatae" in the Notitia dignitatum, has given its name to the modern Avranches; and their territory would probably correspond to the division of Avranchin. The Abrincatui became a client tribe of the Venelli until the Roman occupation in BC 49, when they were separated.

neg: Venutius Venutius was a 1st-century king of the Brigantes in northern Britain at the time of the Roman conquest. Some have suggested he may have belonged to the Carvetii, a tribe that probably formed part of the Brigantes confederation.

neg: Cinuit of Alt Clut Cinuit (Welsh: "Cynwyd" ) may have been an early ruler of the Brittonic kingdom of Alt Clut, later known as Strathclyde, in Britain's "Hen Ogledd" or "Old North". The Harleian genealogies indicate that he was the son of Ceretic Guletic, who may be identified with the warlord "Ceredig" rebuked by Saint Patrick in one of his letters. According to the same pedigrees, he was the father of Dumnagual Hen, an important but obscure ancestor figure in Welsh tradition. The later genealogy "Bonedd Gwŷr y Gogledd" replaces Cinuit as Dumnagual's father with a certain Idnyuet, said to be the son of Maxen Wledic (the Roman usurper Magnus Maximus). However, the "Bonedd" does include a "Cynwyd Cynwydion" in the ancestry of Clydno Eiddyn, and a Triad attached to the text mentions the "three hundred swords of the (tribe of) Cynwydion" as one of three formidable north British war bands, along with those of Coel Hen and Cynfarch.


query: The Living and the Dead is a British supernatural horror television miniseries whose plot revolves around Nathan Appleby played by who?

pos: The Living and the Dead (TV series) The Living and the Dead is a British supernatural horror television miniseries created by Ashley Pharoah and Matthew Graham. The plot revolves around Nathan Appleby (played by Colin Morgan) and his wife, Charlotte Appleby (played by Charlotte Spencer), whose farm is believed to be at the centre of numerous supernatural occurrences.

pos: Colin Morgan Colin Morgan (born 1 January, 1986) is a British/Irish film, television, theatre and radio actor best known for playing the title character in the BBC fantasy series "Merlin", the lead in "The Living and the Dead", and main roles in "Humans" and "The Fall"; his stage role as Ariel in "The Tempest"; and film roles in "Testament of Youth", "Legend" and "".

neg: Brian Deacon Brian Deacon (born 13 February 1949) is an English actor. Although he appeared in films such as "The Triple Echo" (1972) and "Vampyres" (1974), he is perhaps best known for portraying Jesus in the 1979 film "Jesus", which was made by the evangelical organization the Jesus Film Project. (Deacon was chosen for the part out of a field of 263 actors screen tested by producer John Heyman.) Deacon has also portrayed Heumac in "The Feathered Serpent" (1976, 1978), Frank Miles in the 1978 TV series "Lillie", and appeared with his brother, Eric, in the Peter Greenaway film, "A Zed & Two Noughts" (1985), as Oswald Deuce . Between 1992 and 1993, he played the role of The Rt Hon. Neil Kincaid in British soap opera Emmerdale, the lover of established character Kim Tate (Claire King).

neg: Dark Angel (2016 TV series) Dark Angel is a British two-part television drama miniseries, based on the adaptation of the book "Mary Ann Cotton: Britain's First Female Serial Killer" by David Wilson. The series was broadcast on 31 October and 7 November 2016, and starred Joanne Froggatt as protagonist Mary Ann Cotton, widely regarded as Britain's first female serial killer, who was found guilty of murder in March 1873 for the murder of three of her husbands, allegedly in order to collect on their insurance policies.

neg: Thorne (TV series) Thorne, a television drama series which debuted on Sky1 in the UK on 10 October 2010, is based on crime writer Mark Billingham's novels. The series stars David Morrissey in the title role of Detective Inspector Tom Thorne, and includes Aidan Gillen, Eddie Marsan, and Natascha McElhone as supporting cast members.

neg: Gillian Kearney Gillian Louise Kearney (born 9 May 1972, Liverpool, Merseyside) is an English actress best known for her early role as Debbie McGrath in Channel 4's Liverpool-based soap opera "Brookside" and the spin-off mini-series "Damon and Debbie", and for playing Jessica Harrison in the long-running BBC television medical drama series "Casualty", as well as Emma Barton in the ITV Yorkshire-based soap opera "Emmerdale".

neg: Man and Boy (2002 film) Man and Boy is a 2002 British television drama film directed by Simon Curtis and starring Ioan Gruffudd, Elizabeth Mitchell and Natasha Little. It was based on the novel "Man and Boy" by Tony Parsons.

neg: Ben Davies (Hollyoaks) Benjamin "Ben" Davies is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera, "Hollyoaks", played by Marcus Patric. He first appeared in 2000 and, after departing from the main show in 2005, made further appearances in spin-offs, "" and "", which followed his relationship with Lisa Hunter (Gemma Atkinson)

neg: Timothy Walker (actor) Timothy Walker (born November 4, 1972) is a British film and television actor.

neg: Nathan Clarke (actor) Nathan Clarke (born Nathan Clarke Browne) is a British actor and voice actor. He trained at East 15 Acting School, graduating in 2011.

neg: Alan Davies Alan Roger Davies ( ; born 6 March 1966) is an English stand-up comedian, writer and actor. He has played the title role in the BBC mystery drama series "Jonathan Creek" since 1997. He has been a permanent panellist on the BBC panel show "QI" from 2003, only missing one episode in the D series because he did not want to miss his favourite football team, Arsenal, playing in the Champions League final the evening of recording. He did however make an appearance through pre-recorded material, which ended with him being 'teleported' to the match as he tested his buzzer.

neg: Daniel MacPherson Daniel Donald MacPherson (born 25 April 1980) is an Australian actor and television presenter, best known for his roles as; Joel Samuels on "Neighbours", PC Cameron Tait on British police drama "The Bill", and Senior Detective Constable Simon Joyner in "City Homicide". He has previously co-hosted "Dancing with the Stars" alongside Edwina Bartholomew and starred as Jack Keenan in "Wild Boys" (2011). Most recently, he was cast as Scott Murphy (ex-husband of Amelia Murphy in which they share a child) in the new tv series APB (2017).

neg: Afterlife (TV series) Afterlife (stylised as afterlife) is a British television drama series, produced by independent production company Clerkenwell Films for the ITV network. The series follows the activities of a psychic medium who appears to have the ability to communicate with the spirits of the dead. First broadcast in 2005, the show ran for two series, and after the end of the second series ITV decided not to renew it.

neg: Nathan Scott Nathan Royal Scott is a fictional character from the CW television series "One Tree Hill", portrayed by James Lafferty. Following Lucas Scott's departure, Nathan has become the main character and central figure of the show. Nathan is Lucas's younger half brother. He fell in love with Lucas's best friend, Haley James; despite various problems in their relationship, the couple was eventually married and had a son, Jamie, in season four and a daughter, Lydia, in season eight. Considered to be an anti-hero at the beginning of the first season, Nathan became a much nicer and caring person as the series progressed due to his relationships with Haley and Lucas.

neg: Charlie Hunnam Charles Matthew Hunnam (born 10 April 1980) is an English actor. He is known for his roles as Jackson "Jax" Teller in the FX drama series "Sons of Anarchy" (2008–14), Nathan Maloney in the Channel 4 drama "Queer as Folk" (1999–2000), Lloyd Haythe in the Fox comedy series "Undeclared" (2001–02), the title role in "Nicholas Nickleby" (2002), Pete Dunham in "Green Street" (2005), Raleigh Becket in "Pacific Rim" (2013), Percy Fawcett in "The Lost City of Z" (2017), and in the title role of Guy Ritchie's "" (2017).

neg: Jay Brown James "Jay" Brown (also Mitchell) is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera "EastEnders", played by Jamie Borthwick. He made his first appearance on 14 December 2006. Jay's storylines include being part of a gang, coping with the death of his father Jase Dyer (Stephen Lord), being orphaned by age 14 which results in his going into foster care and then being taken care of by the Mitchell family, as well as maturing from a wayward teen, becoming a surrogate brother to Ben Mitchell (Joshua Pascoe/Harry Reid), helping Ben cover up the murder of Heather Trott (Cheryl Fergison), being arrested for having indecent images of a child on his mobile phone after discovering his girlfriend Linzi Bragg (Amy-Leigh Hickman) is below the age of consent, drug dealing and developing a drug habit by taking cocaine. In August 2017, in a two-hander episode between Phil and Jay, Jay finds out that Phil accidentally killed his biological father, a homeless boy who was at the Car Lot the night that Phil set it alight. However, it later turns out to be a lie, which Jay isn't aware of.

neg: Lee Otway Lee Otway (born 4 January 1982) is an English actor best known for his role as David "Bombhead" Burke in the British television drama "Hollyoaks", and 'Ben West' in the BBC drama 'The Syndicate'. Otway had previously appeared in ITV Drama 'Heartbeat'.

neg: Nathan Phillips (actor) Nathan Peter Thomas Phillips (born 16 January 1980) is an Australian actor who is currently based in Los Angeles. He is perhaps best known for his role as backpacker Ben Mitchell in "Wolf Creek", for his American film debut, "Snakes on a Plane", opposite Samuel L. Jackson, in 2006 and for the recent "Chernobyl Diaries" (2012) and "These Final Hours" (2014).

neg: It (miniseries) It is a 1990 American supernatural horror drama mini-series directed by Tommy Lee Wallace and adapted by Lawrence D. Cohen from the Stephen King novel of the same name.

neg: Matthew Macfadyen David Matthew Macfadyen (born 17 October 1974) is a BAFTA award-winning British actor, known for his roles as MI5 Intelligence Officer Tom Quinn in the BBC television drama series "Spooks", Mr. Darcy in the 2005 film of "Pride & Prejudice" and Daniel in the Frank Oz comedy "Death at a Funeral". He is also known for portraying John Birt in the political drama "Frost/Nixon", as well as Detective Inspector Edmund Reid in the BBC series "Ripper Street". In 2015 he starred in the Sky Living series "The Enfield Haunting" as Guy Lyon Playfair.

neg: Dimitri Levendis Dimitri Levendis is a fictional character from the BBC espionage television series, "Spooks", portrayed by actor, Max Brown.

neg: Penelope Mitchell Penelope Mitchell (born 24 July 1991) is an Australian actress best known for playing the role of Letha Godfrey on the American horror television series "Hemlock Grove" and Liv Parker on "The Vampire Diaries".


query: The following Confederate Army units and commanders fought in which battle fought August 29–30, 1862, was a stunning Confederate victory by Major General Edmund Kirby Smith against Union major general, William "Bull" Nelson's forces, defending the town?

pos: Richmond Confederate order of battle The following Confederate Army units and commanders fought in the Battle of Richmond of the American Civil War. The Union order of battle is listed separately.

pos: Battle of Richmond The Battle of Richmond, Kentucky, fought August 29–30, 1862, was a stunning Confederate victory by Major General Edmund Kirby Smith against Union major general, William "Bull" Nelson's forces, defending the town. It was the first major battle in the Kentucky Campaign. The battle took place on and around what is now the grounds of the Blue Grass Army Depot, outside Richmond, Kentucky.

neg: Battle of Hoke's Run The Battle of Hoke's Run, also known as the Battle of Falling Waters or Hainesville, took place on July 2, 1861, in Berkeley County, Virginia (now West Virginia) as part of the Manassas Campaign of the American Civil War. Notable as an early engagement of Confederate Colonel Thomas J. Jackson and his Brigade of Virginia Volunteers, nineteen days before their famous nickname would originate, this brief skirmish was hailed by both sides as a stern lesson to the other. Acting precisely upon the orders of a superior officer about how to operate in the face of superior numbers, Jackson's forces resisted General Robert Patterson's Union forces briefly and then slowly retreated over several miles.

neg: Battle of Chantilly The Battle of Chantilly (or Ox Hill, the Confederate name) took place on September 1, 1862, in Fairfax County, Virginia, as the concluding battle of the Northern Virginia Campaign of the American Civil War. Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson's corps of the Army of Northern Virginia attempted to cut off the line of retreat of the Union Army of Virginia following the Second Battle of Bull Run but was attacked by two Union divisions. During the ensuing battle, Union division commanders Isaac Stevens and Philip Kearny were both killed but the Union attack halted Jackson's advance.

neg: Chancellorsville Confederate order of battle The following Confederate States Army units and commanders fought in Virginia's Battle of Chancellorsville, which lasted from April 30 to May 6, 1863, during the American Civil War. The Union order of battle is listed separately. Order of battle has been compiled from the army organization during the campaign, the casualty returns and the reports.

neg: Battle of Marietta The Battle of Marietta was a series of military operations from June 9 through July 3, 1864, in Cobb County, Georgia, between Union and Confederate forces during the American Civil War. The Union forces, led by Maj. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman, encountered the Confederate Army of Tennessee, led by Gen. Joseph E. Johnston, entrenched near Marietta, Georgia.

neg: Tullahoma Campaign The Tullahoma Campaign (or Middle Tennessee Campaign) was a military operation conducted from June 24 to July 3, 1863, by the Union Army of the Cumberland under Maj. Gen. William Rosecrans, and regarded as one of the most brilliant maneuvers of the American Civil War. Its effect was to drive the Confederates out of Middle Tennessee and to threaten the strategic city of Chattanooga.

neg: Second Bull Run Union order of battle The following Union Army units and commanders fought in the Second Battle of Bull Run of the American Civil War. The Confederate order of battle is listed separately. Order of battle compiled from the army organization during the battle, the casualty returns and the reports.

neg: Battle of Wilmington The Battle of Wilmington was fought February 11–22, 1865, during the American Civil War, mostly outside the city of Wilmington, North Carolina. The Union victory in January in the Second Battle of Fort Fisher meant that Wilmington, 30 miles upriver, could no longer be used by the Confederacy as a port. It fell to Union troops after they overcame Confederate defenses along the Cape Fear River south of the city. The Confederate General Braxton Bragg burned stores of tobacco and cotton, among other supplies and equipment, before leaving the city, to prevent the Union from seizing them.

neg: Battle of Simmon's Bluff The Battle of Simmon's Bluff was a minor and bloodless Union victory, fought June 21, 1862, in Meggett, South Carolina, during the American Civil War.

neg: Northern Virginia Campaign The Northern Virginia Campaign, also known as the Second Bull Run Campaign or Second Manassas Campaign, was a series of battles fought in Virginia during August and September 1862 in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War. Confederate General Robert E. Lee followed up his successes of the Seven Days Battles in the Peninsula Campaign by moving north toward Washington, D.C., and defeating Maj. Gen. John Pope and his Army of Virginia.

neg: Third Battle of Petersburg The Third Battle of Petersburg, also known as the Breakthrough at Petersburg or the Fall of Petersburg, was fought on April 2, 1865, south and southwest of Petersburg, Virginia, at the end of the 292-day Richmond–Petersburg Campaign (sometimes called the Siege of Petersburg) and in the beginning stage of the Appomattox Campaign near the conclusion of the American Civil War. The Union Army (Army of the Potomac, Army of the Shenandoah and Army of the James) under the overall command of General-in-chief, Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant, launched an assault on General Robert E. Lee's Confederate Army of Northern Virginia's Petersburg, Virginia trenches and fortifications after the Union victory at the Battle of Five Forks on April 1, 1865. As a result of that battle the Confederate right flank and rear were exposed, and the remaining supply lines cut, and the Confederate defenders were reduced by over 10,000 men killed, wounded, taken prisoner or in flight.

neg: Battle of Savage's Station The Battle of Savage's Station took place on June 29, 1862, in Henrico County, Virginia, as the fourth of the Seven Days Battles (Peninsula Campaign) of the American Civil War. The main body of the Union Army of the Potomac began a general withdrawal toward the James River. Confederate Brig. Gen. John B. Magruder pursued along the railroad and the Williamsburg Road and struck Maj. Gen. Edwin Vose Sumner's II Corps (the Union rearguard) with three brigades near Savage's Station, while Maj. Gen. Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson's divisions were stalled north of the Chickahominy River. Union forces continued to withdraw across White Oak Swamp, abandoning supplies and more than 2,500 wounded soldiers in a field hospital.

neg: Siege of Fort Pulaski The Siege of Fort Pulaski (or the Siege and Reduction of Fort Pulaski) concluded with the Battle of Fort Pulaski fought April 10–11, 1862, during the American Civil War. Union forces on Tybee Island and naval operations conducted a 112-day siege, then captured the Confederate-held Fort Pulaski after a 30-hour bombardment. The siege and battle are important for innovative use of rifled guns which made existing coastal defenses obsolete. The Union initiated large scale amphibious operations under fire.

neg: Battle of Pea Ridge The Battle of Pea Ridge (March 7–8, 1862) (also known as the Battle of Elkhorn Tavern) was a battle of the American Civil War. It was fought at Pea Ridge in northwest Arkansas, near Leetown. Union forces, led by Brigadier-General Samuel R. Curtis, moved south from central Missouri, driving Confederate forces into northwestern Arkansas. Major-General Earl Van Dorn launched a Confederate counter-offensive, hoping to recapture northern Arkansas and Missouri. Curtis held off the Confederate attack on the first day and drove Van Dorn's force off the field on the second. This Civil War battle, one of the few in which a Confederate army outnumbered its opponent, essentially established Union control of most of Missouri and northern Arkansas.

neg: Fitz John Porter Fitz John Porter (August 31, 1822 – May 21, 1901) (sometimes written FitzJohn Porter or Fitz-John Porter) was a career United States Army officer and a Union general during the American Civil War. He is most known for his performance at the Second Battle of Bull Run and his subsequent court martial.

neg: Battle of Franklin (1864) The Battle of Franklin was fought on November 30, 1864, in Franklin, Tennessee, as part of the Franklin–Nashville Campaign of the American Civil War. It was one of the worst disasters of the war for the Confederate States Army. Confederate Lt. Gen. John Bell Hood's Army of Tennessee conducted numerous frontal assaults against fortified positions occupied by the Union forces under Maj. Gen. John M. Schofield and was unable to break through or to prevent Schofield from a planned, orderly withdrawal to Nashville.

neg: Troop engagements of the American Civil War, 1862 The following is a list of engagements that took place in 1862 during the American Civil War. During the winter and early spring of the year, Union forces gained several successes over the Confederacy, seizing control of Missouri, northern Arkansas, Kentucky, and western Tennessee, along with several coastal areas. Confederate forces defended the capital of Richmond, Virginia, from Union assaults, and then launched counter–offensives into Kentucky and Maryland, both of which end in Union victories.

neg: Battle of Kennesaw Mountain The Battle of Kennesaw Mountain was fought on June 27, 1864, during the Atlanta Campaign of the American Civil War. It was the most significant frontal assault launched by Union Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman against the Confederate Army of Tennessee under Gen. Joseph E. Johnston, ending in a tactical defeat for the Union forces. Strategically, however, the battle failed to deliver the result that the Confederacy desperately needed—namely a halt to Sherman's advance on Atlanta.

neg: Braxton Bragg Braxton Bragg (March 22, 1817 – September 27, 1876) was a senior officer of the Confederate States Army who was assigned to duty at Richmond, under direction of the President of the Confederate States of America, Jefferson Davis, and charged with the conduct of military operations of the armies of the Confederate States from February 24, 1864, until January 13, 1865, when he was charged with command and defense of Wilmington, North Carolina. He previously had command of an army in the Western Theater.

neg: Fort Harker (Alabama) Fort Harker, located near Stevenson, Alabama, was a military fortification built by the Union Army during the American Civil War. Constructed in the summer of 1862 by soldiers and freed slaves of the Army of the Cumberland, the fort helped secure strategic railroad lines to ensure the free movement of Union troops and supplies in southeastern Tennessee and northeastern Alabama. Union General William Rosecrans established his headquarters at Fort Harker in July, 1863, from where he directed a successful campaign against the position of Confederate General Braxton Bragg in Chattanooga, Tennessee. The fort would be abandoned after the war and fall into disrepair. After restoration, the site became a city park in 1985.

neg: Second Corinth Confederate order of battle The following Confederate Army units and commanders fought in the Second Battle of Corinth of the American Civil War on October 3 and 4, 1862, in Corinth, Mississippi. Order of battle compiled from the army organization during the battle and reports. The Union order of battle is listed separately.


query: Which is a type of conifer, Taro or Phyllocladus?

pos: Taro Taro ( ) commonly refers to the plant "Colocasia esculenta", the most widely cultivated species of several plants in the Araceae family which are used as vegetables for their corms, leaves, and petioles. Thus, this article describes the "dasheen" form of taro; another variety of taro is known as eddoe or "Colocasia antiquorum". Other species of taro include giant taro ("Alocasia macrorrhizos"), swamp taro ("Cyrtosperma merkusii"), and arrowleaf elephant's ear ("Xanthosoma sagittifolium").

pos: Phyllocladus Phyllocladus, the celery pines, is a small genus of conifers, now usually treated in the family Podocarpaceae." "Species occur mainly in New Zealand, Tasmania, and Malesia in the Southern Hemisphere, though "P. hypophyllus "ranges into the Philippines, a short way north of the equator.

neg: Pinus bungeana Pinus bungeana (English: Bunge's pine or lacebark pine or white-barked pine; Chinese: 白皮松 Japanese: シロマツ, Hangul: 백송 ; RR: "baeksong " ) is a pine tree native to northeastern and central China. It is a slow-growing tree that can grow to heights of 15–25m and is frost hardy down to below -26 °C. Its smooth, grey-green bark gradually sheds in round scales to reveal patches of pale yellow, which turn olive-brown, red and purple on exposure to light.

neg: Pinus yunnanensis Pinus yunnanensis, the Yunnan pine, is a species of conifer in the Pinaceae family. It is found in the Chinese provinces of Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, and Guangxi.

neg: Podocarpus laetus Podocarpus laetus is a species of conifer in the Podocarpaceae family, commonly known as Hall's tōtara, mountain tōtara or thin-barked tōtara. Previously known as "Podocarpus hallii" and "Podocarpus cunninghamii", in 2015 it was realised that the much earlier name "P. laetus" has priority.

neg: Abies recurvata Abies recurvata is a species of conifer in the Pinaceae family. It is found only in China. "Abies recurvata" is a distinct fir species usually recognized by the needles on its leaders mostly recurved or reflexed. It occurs in the drier, colder northern regions of central China in Sichuan and Gansu provinces at elevations between 2300 and 3600 m, usually on windy cliffs or in deep river valleys. Sometimes, however, also appears in dry low scrub on exposed mountain slopes. The most typical associated conifer species include "Juniperus convallium", "Juniperus formosana" var. "mairei", "Juniperus squamata" var. "fargesii", "Juniperus tibetica", "Picea asperata", and "Picea wilsonii". "Abies recurvata" is a small to medium-sized tree mostly with conical crown, occasionally reaching a height of 40 m, and a trunk diameter of 0.8 m . It has rather smooth gray or rusty brown bark, at first shedding in thin plates, becoming grayish-brown and detaching in thick plates. The branchlets are grayish-white or light yellow with 1.2 - long needles horizontally outspreading on shade branches, radially outspreading on fertile branches; often thick and recurved, green to gray above and densely set with stoma-lines, with 2 light grayish-green stomatal bands below. "Abies recurvata" has 4 – long ovoid or cylindrical-ovoid, gray- or purplish blue cones; the bracts are somewhat shorter than the cone-scales, included or with slightly exposed tips.

neg: Podzol In soil science, podzols (known as spodosols in China and the United States of America and podosols in Australia) are the typical soils of coniferous, or boreal forests. They are also the typical soils of eucalypt forests and heathlands in southern Australia, while in Western Europe podzols develop on heathland, which is often a construct of human interference through grazing and burning. Many podzols in this region may have developed over the past 3000 years in response to vegetation and climatic changes. In some British moorlands with podzolic soils there are brown earths preserved under Bronze Age barrows (Dimbleby, 1962).

neg: Podocarpus gnidioides Podocarpus gnidioides is a species of conifer in the Podocarpaceae family.

neg: Anthonomus phyllocola Anthonomus phyllocola is a weevil and a major pest of lodgepole pine ("Pinus contorta") in Scandinavia.

neg: Furtadoa Furtadoa is a genus of flowering plants in the Araceae family. It consists of only two species: "F. mixta" and "F. sumatrensis". The genus was described in 1981 by Mitsuru Hotta with one species endemic on Sumatra. In 1985 Hotta transferred a preexisting species of "Homalomena" (the West Malaysian "H. mixtum" Ridl.) to "Furtadoa". Both described species of "Furtadoa" have stems that creep, and root along their length (a very rare condition in related "Homalomena"), and leathery elliptical leaves. The inflorescence is carried on a long peduncle, with the spathes unconstricted, and either green, reddish brown, or purple-grey. The spadix is unique by having the male flowers (except for those at the tip of the spadix) each associated with a sterile female flower (a pistillode) in addition to each fertile female flower being associated with a sterile male flower (staminode).

neg: Artocarpus odoratissimus Artocarpus odoratissimus, also called terap,marang, johey oak, green pedalai, madang, tarap, or timadang, is a tree in the mulberry and fig family Moraceae. It is native to Borneo, Palawan, and Mindanao Island, and is closely related to the jackfruit, cempedak, and breadfruit trees which all belong to the same genus, "Artocarpus".

neg: Phyllocladus alpinus Phyllocladus alpinus, the mountain toatoa or mountain celery pine, is a species of conifer in the Podocarpaceae family. It is found only in New Zealand. The form of this plant ranges from a shrub to a small tree of up to seven metres in height. An example occurrence of "P. alpinus" is within the understory of beech/podocarp forests in the north part of South Island, New Zealand.

neg: Abies cilicica Abies cilicica, commonly known as Cilician fir or Taurus fir, is a species of conifer in the Pinaceae family. It is found in Lebanon, Syria, and Turkey. "Abies cilicica" and "Cedrus libani", together with "Acer hyrcanum" subsp. "Tauricolum" and "Sorbus torminalis" subsp. "Orientalis", are the predominant trees in the Abeti-Cedrion forests of the Middle and Eastern Taurus Mountains of Turkey. These forests occur between 800 and 2100 meters elevation. Over 5000 years of logging, burning, and grazing have reduced these forests to enclaves.

neg: Pinus mugo Pinus mugo, known as creeping pine, dwarf mountainpine, mugo pine, mountain pine, scrub mountain pine or Swiss mountain pine, is a species of conifer, native to high elevation habitats from southwestern to Central Europe.

neg: Podocarpus celatus Podocarpus celatus is a species of conifer in the Podocarpaceae family. It is found in the Amazon rainforest.

neg: Torreya grandis Torreya grandis ((pinyin=Xiāngfěi) is a species of conifer in either the family Taxaceae, or Cephalotaxaceae. "T. grandis" is a large tree that can attain height of 25 m , and possibly as high as 39 m . "T. grandis" is endemic to eastern and south-eastern China; it is found in the coastal provinces Fujian, Zhejiang, and Jiangsu, as well as in Anhui, Guizhou, Hunan, and Jiangxi inland. Its natural habitat are mountains and open valleys, often by streams, between 200 - ASL. One common name is Chinese nutmeg yew (although it is not related to nutmeg, and the true yews belong to the genus "Taxus"), which refers to its edible seeds that superficially resemble nutmeg () and its yew-like foliage. The seeds can be pressed for oil. The wood is used in construction and furniture. "T. grandis" is used as an ornamental tree in Europe and North America.

neg: Hibiscus tiliaceus Hibiscus tiliaceus is a species of flowering tree in the mallow family, Malvaceae, that is native to the Old World tropics. Common names include sea hibiscus, beach hibiscus, coastal (or coast) hibiscus, coastal (or coast) cottonwood, green cottonwood, native hibiscus, native rosella, cottonwood hibiscus, kurrajong, sea rosemallow, balibago (Tagalog),malabago (Cebuano - Southern), maribago (Cebuano - Northern),bhendi (Marathi), waru (Indonesian), hau (Hawaiian), fau (Samoan), purau (Tahitian), and vau tree. The specific epithet, ""tiliaceus"", refers to its resemblance to the related "Tilia" species.

neg: Calocedrus Calocedrus (common name incense cedar, alternatively spelled incense-cedar) is a genus of coniferous trees in the cypress family Cupressaceae first described as a genus in 1873. It is native to eastern Asia and western North America.

neg: Pine–cypress forest Pine–cypress forest is a type of mixed conifer woodland in which at least one species of pine and one species of cypress are present. Such forests are noted in several parts of North America including Florida and California.

neg: Piloporia Piloporia is a genus of two species of poroid fungi in the family Polyporaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Finnish mycologist Tuomo Niemelä in 1982, with "P. sajanensis" as the type species. The Indian species "P. indica" was added to the genus in 1988. "P. sajanensis" is found in Asia and Europe. In Asia, it is usually recorded on spruce, fir, and larch, while in Europe it is commonly found on spruce, but also on pine. "Piloporia" species cause a white rot in conifers and hardwoods.

neg: Retrophyllum Retrophyllum is a genus of conifers in the family Podocarpaceae. It contains five generally recognized species with a disjunct distribution in the Southern Hemisphere, found in Papuasia and also in South America. "Retrophyllum" are evergreen trees typically occurring in tropical rainforests and cloud forests.

neg: Falcatifolium falciforme Falcatifolium falciforme is a species of conifer in the Podocarpaceae family.