query: Of the four largest tire manufacturers in the world, which one was founded in 1898 by Frank Seiberling and is based in Akron, Ohio?

pos: Michelin Michelin ( ; ] ; full name: "SCA Compagnie Générale des Établissements Michelin" ) is a French tire manufacturer based in Clermont-Ferrand in the Auvergne "région" of France. It is one of the four largest tire manufacturers in the world along with Goodyear, Continental and Bridgestone. In addition to the Michelin brand, it also owns the BFGoodrich, Kleber, Tigar, Riken, Kormoran and Uniroyal (in North America) tire brands. Michelin is also notable for its Red and Green travel guides, its roadmaps, the Michelin stars that the Red Guide awards to restaurants for their cooking, and for its company mascot "Bibendum", colloquially known as the Michelin Man.

pos: Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company is an American multinational tire manufacturing company founded in 1898 by Frank Seiberling and based in Akron, Ohio. Goodyear manufactures tires for automobiles, commercial trucks, light trucks, motorcycles, SUVs, race cars, airplanes, farm equipment and heavy earth-mover machinery.

neg: Carl Yoder Carl M. Yoder was a leading Cleveland, Ohio, industrialist in the first half of the 20th century. He was the founder and president of The Yoder Company from 1910 until his death in 1944.

neg: Sven Gustaf Wingqvist Sven Gustaf Wingqvist (10 December 1876 – 17 April 1953) was a Swedish engineer, inventor and industrialist, and one of the founders of Svenska Kullagerfabriken (SKF), one of the world's leading ball bearing and roller bearing makers. Sven Wingqvist invented the multi-row self-aligning ball bearing in 1907.

neg: Worksman Cycles Worksman Cycles is a family-owned American manufacturer of bicycles and tricycles for industrial, commercial and recreational use. The company was founded in 1898 and is headquartered in Ozone Park in the borough of Queens in New York City. The company operates an additional factory in Conway, South Carolina. Worksman is the oldest bicycle manufacturer in the USA and has operated its own factory-direct e-commerce store since 2004.

neg: Bicycle tire A bicycle tire is a tire that fits on the wheel of a bicycle, unicycle, tricycle, quadracycle, bicycle trailer, or trailer bike. They may also be used on wheelchairs and handcycles, especially for racing. Bicycle tires provide an important source of suspension, generate the lateral forces necessary for balancing and turning, and generate the longitudinal forces necessary for propulsion and braking. They are the second largest source, after air drag, of power consumption on a level road. The modern detachable pneumatic bicycle tire contributed to the popularity and eventual dominance of the safety bicycle.

neg: Akron Roller Derby Akron Roller Derby is a women's flat track roller derby league based in Akron, Ohio. Two separate Akron-based leagues, NEO Roller Derby and Rubber City Rollergirls, merged in November 2016 to become Akron Roller Derby. The league consists of two teams which compete against teams from other leagues, and is a member of the Women's Flat Track Derby Association (WFTDA).

neg: Schrader valve The Schrader valve (also called American valve) is a type of pneumatic tire valve used on virtually every motor vehicle in the world today. The Schrader company, for which it was named, was founded in 1844 by August Schrader. The original Schrader valve design was patented in the United States in 1893.

neg: Garelli Motorcycles Garelli Motorcycles was an Italian moped and motorcycle manufacturer. It was founded in 1919 by Alberto Garelli (* 10 July 1886, † 13 January 1968).

neg: Bauerfeind Bauerfeind AG is a German health care equipment company, one of the largest manufacturers of orthopaedic stockings and inserts in the world. Its headquarters are in Zeulenroda-Triebes, Thuringia. It is a family company, not listed on any stock exchange.

neg: Discount Tire Discount Tire Company is a tire and wheel retailer owned by The Reinalt-Thomas Corporation, headquartered in Scottsdale, Arizona. Discount Tire is known as America's Tire in California (except for San Diego County, where it is still known as "Discount Tire").

neg: Nokian Footwear Nokian Footwear (Finnish: "Nokian Jalkineet" ) is a Finnish manufacturer of boots, today part of the Finnish company Berner. Nokian Footwear was founded in 1990, but its history extends back to 1898, when Eduard Polón and a group of other Finnish businessmen decided to establish the company Suomen Gummitehdas Oy (Finnish Rubber Works Ltd) in Helsinki. After operating for a few years, the factory began to produce rubber galoshes, which competed successfully against Russian imports. After several years of production in Helsinki, the factory was moved to the town of Nokia. Soon after, the company began to use the brand Nokia, communicating Finnishness, and to distinguish itself from the cheaper Russian products.

neg: Frank Nied Francis Theodore Nied (August 14, 1894 – May 13, 1969) was a founder of the American Professional Football Association (later renamed the National Football League in 1922), as well as the owner of the Akron Pros and, as the team became known as in 1926, the Akron Indians.

neg: Dunlop Sport Dunlop Sport is a British sporting goods company that specialises in tennis and golf equipment. Dunlop have manufactured sporting equipment since 1910.

neg: Fred Sefton Frederick Stanley Sefton (August 7, 1888 – March 11, 1976) was an American football player and coach of football and basketball. He served as the head football coach at University of Akron for nine seasons, from 1915 to 1923, compiling a record of 33–34–4. Sefton also coached the men's basketball team at Akron for a total of 11 seasons, nine from 1916 to 1924 and two more from 1925 to 1927, tallying a total mark of 103–42. He played college football at Colgate University.

neg: Continental Steel Corporation The Continental Steel Corporation was United States steel producer from 1927 until 1986. The company was created on June 21, 1927 through the merger of the Kokomo Steel and Wire Company (founded in Kokomo, Indiana in 1901) with the Superior Sheet Steel Company of Canton, Ohio, and the Chapman Price Steel Company of Indianapolis. Among the original eleven directors was John E. Fredrick, who had been an organizer of the Kokomo Fence Machine Company in 1896 and had served on the board of directors of the Kokomo Steel and Wire Company. Fredrick served as first Chairman of the Board of Continental Steel, whose headquarters were established in Kokomo. The Kokomo operations of this corporation, however, continued to employ the Kokomo Steel and Wire name until 1944. Continental Steel was dissolved in 1986, due to bankruptcy.

neg: Team LeMans Le Mans Ltd., headquartered in Shibuya, Tokyo is an automobile parts manufacturer founded in 1967. The original company name was Le Mans Chamber of Commerce. The company is mainly engaged in the development and sales of motorsport parts and the import and sale of race cars overseas.

neg: Omni United Omni United Pte. Ltd is a tire manufacturer and distributor headquartered in Singapore. The company designs and produces tires in partnership with manufacturers based in the United States, China, India, Indonesia and Thailand. Omni United owns the Radar, Patriot and Corsa brand names, and markets, sells and distributes several other brand names. The company was founded in 2003 by G.S. Sareen, who prior to founding Omni United, was an entrepreneur in the e-commerce industry . Omni United sells in excess of 6.5 million units of passenger and light truck tires a year in 80 countries. The company has been called the ‘IKEA of Tires' and currently sells more than two million units of passenger and light truck tires a year in the United States.

neg: Portland Woolen Mills The Portland Woolen Mills were a wool textile manufacturer in the St. Johns neighborhood of Portland, Oregon. By 1950, they had become the largest wool manufacturer west of Cleveland, Ohio. The origins of the factory started in Sellwood in 1901 but after a fire destroyed the mill two years later owners decided to rebuild in St. Johns. Portland Woolen Mills offered several worker programs including baseball, basketball and bowling teams; a cafeteria and a library.

neg: Delco Electronics Delco Electronics Corporation was the automotive electronics design and manufacturing subsidiary of General Motors based in Kokomo, Indiana. The name Delco came from the Dayton Engineering Laboratories Co., founded in Dayton, Ohio, by Charles Kettering and Edward A. Deeds in 1909. Delco was responsible for several innovations in automobile electric systems, including the first reliable battery ignition system and the first practical automobile self-starter.

neg: Radial tire A radial tire (more properly, a radial-ply tire) is a particular design of vehicular tire. In this design, the cord plies are arranged at 90 degrees to the direction of travel, or radially (from the center of the tire). Radial tire construction climbed to 100% market share in North America, following Consumer Reports finding the superiority of the radial design in 1968.

neg: Atlantic Foundry Company The Atlantic Foundry Company was an Akron, Ohio-based iron casting manufacturer that operated from 1905 to 1989. The company was founded by Charles Reymann Sr., a immigrant from Alsace-Lorraine, along with 4 fellow foundryman, Ewald Erickson, Emil Krill, Fred Spalding, and Phillip Willenbacker, who had crossed the Atlantic Ocean when they migrated to America and named their new business The Atlantic Foundry. To meet the growing demand for iron, in 1910 they built a modern iron foundry at 182 Beaver Street and in 1919 they added a huge steel foundry at the same site and began a steel casting business. By this time Erickson and Krill had sold their interest to Reymann and he eventually became the President of the company, and the company was privately owned and operated by the Reymann family until its closing.


query: Who directed the comedy starring the singer who is known for the song "I Saw Mommy Kissing Santa Claus?"

pos: The Two Little Bears The Two Little Bears is a 1961 American comedy film directed by Randall Hood and written by George W. George. The film stars Eddie Albert, Jane Wyatt, Soupy Sales, Butch Patrick, Donnie Carter and Jimmy Boyd. The film was released on November 1, 1961, by 20th Century Fox.

pos: Jimmy Boyd Jimmy Devon Boyd (January 9, 1939 – March 7, 2009) was an American singer, musician, and actor known for his recording of the song "I Saw Mommy Kissing Santa Claus".

neg: Jenifer Lewis Jenifer Jeanette Lewis (born January 25, 1957) is an American actress, comedian, singer and activist. She began her career appearing in Broadway musicals and worked as a back-up singer for Bette Midler, before appearing in films "Beaches" (1988) and "Sister Act" (1992).

neg: The Story of Santa Claus The Story of Santa Claus is a 1996 animated television special directed by Toby Bluth. It features the voices of Ed Asner, Betty White, and Tim Curry.

neg: Fred Claus Fred Claus is a 2007 American fantasy comedy family film directed by David Dobkin, written by Dan Fogelman and Jessie Nelson, and starring Vince Vaughn and Paul Giamatti. The film was released on November 9, 2007 in the US and later released in the UK on November 30, 2007 by Warner Bros. Pictures. It is loosely based on the poem "A legend of Santa and his brother Fred" written by Donald Henkel.

neg: A Lovely Way to Spend Christmas A Lovely Way to Spend Christmas is the third studio and first Christmas album released by American singer and actress Kristin Chenoweth. Released on October 14, 2008, the album sees Chenoweth collaborating with jazz musician John Pizzarelli on "Sleigh Ride/Marshmallow World". Chenoweth stated she had desired to record a Christmas album since signing with Sony Classical in 2000 after being inspired by Barbra Streisand's "A Christmas Album" as a child. The album has peaked at #77 on the "Billboard" 200 so far, and has become her first album to chart on the Billboard 200.

neg: The Parent Trap (1998 film) The Parent Trap is a 1998 family comedy film co-written and directed by Nancy Meyers, and produced and co-written by Charles Shyer. It is a remake of the 1961 film of the same name and an adaptation of Erich Kästner's German novel "Lottie and Lisa" ("Das doppelte Lottchen").

neg: Mary Christmas (film) Mary Christmas is a 2002 American Christmas movie written by Stanley M. Brooks and Betty G. Birney. It was directed by and stars John Schneider. In the movie Joel Wallace, Schneider's character, is a widower raising a daughter, Felice (Jenna Boyd). In her Christmas letter to Santa Claus, Felice wishes for a new mother for Christmas. The letter is intercepted by a local news producer who cancels reporter Mary Maloney's vacation and sends her to investigate the Wallace family as a human interest story. Most of the movie deals with Joel's searching for a new wife that will be Felice's mother. The ending takes a bit of a twist, though, when it turns out that Mary is Felice's birth mother who had given her up for adoption. The movie incorporates a little extra magic with "governor" Les Turner whom Felice thinks is Santa Claus.

neg: You Kiss like a God You Kiss Like a God (Czech: Líbáš jako Bůh ) is a 2009 Czech comedy film directed by Marie Poledňáková.

neg: Santa Claus Conquers the Martians Santa Claus Conquers the Martians is a 1964 American science fiction comedy film directed by Nicholas Webster, written by Paul L. Jacobson based on a story by Glenville Mareth, stars John Call as Santa Claus, and features an eight year old Pia Zadora as one of the Martian children. The film also marks the first documented appearance of Mrs. Claus in a motion picture (Doris Rich plays the role), coming three weeks before the television special "Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer", which also featured the character.

neg: Just Friends Just Friends is a 2005 American romantic comedy film directed by Roger Kumble, written by Adam 'Tex' Davis and starring Ryan Reynolds, Amy Smart, Anna Faris, Chris Klein and Christopher Marquette. The plot focuses on a formerly overweight high school nerd (Reynolds) who attempts to free himself from the friend zone after reconnecting with his lifelong crush and best friend (Smart) while visiting his hometown for Christmas.

neg: Su Pollard Susan Georgina "Su" Pollard (born 7 November 1949 in Nottingham) is an English comedy actress and singer, most famous for her roles in the sitcoms "Hi-de-Hi!", "You Rang, M'Lord?" and "Oh, Doctor Beeching!". As a singer, she scored a UK No.2 hit with the song "Starting Together" in 1986. She is also well known for her unusual and flamboyant dress sense and her broad Nottinghamshire accent.

neg: Henry Phillips (comedian) Henry Phillips (born November 14, 1969) is a musical comedian from Los Angeles known for his "Comedy Central Presents" special, his songs for two award-winning musicals, "Blake: the Musical" and "Chips", and for co-writing and starring in the semi-autobiographical movie "Punching the Clown" which won several awards, most notably the Audience Award at the Slamdance Film Festival and is critically acclaimed, currently holding an 86% fresh rating on the review aggregator site Rotten Tomatoes. His series of satirical YouTube cooking videos called "Henry's Kitchen," in which he tries and fails to cook food, make friends, and impress women, was described by Sarah Silverman as "the best cooking show ever", and his other web series "You and Your Fu*king Coffee" was produced by Jash and features well-known guest stars including Mike Judge and Ashley Johnson. He has appeared on "Jimmy Kimmel Live!", "Bob and Tom", "The Dr. Demento Radio Show", and the podcasts "WTF with Marc Maron", and "Comedy Bang! Bang!" In 2014 he recorded his first one hour comedy special, at Hollywood's The Lyric Theater. In 2016, he co-wrote and starred in "Punching Henry", a sequel to "Punching the Clown".

neg: Jeff Allen (comedian) Jeff Allen (born Jeffrey Allen Mishler; June 5, 1956) is an American comedian best known for his film Happy Wife, Happy Life, Revisited. He is also known for his starring roles in several full-length comedy films, including: Bananas, Thou Shalt Laugh, Apostles of Comedy, and Apostles of Comedy: Onwards and Upwards. Allen currently tours the United States performing in churches, corporate venues and comedy clubs.

neg: Kiss Me, Stupid Kiss Me, Stupid is a 1964 American comedy film produced and directed by Billy Wilder and starring Dean Martin, Kim Novak, and Ray Walston.

neg: Song Sae-byeok Song Sae-byeok (born December 26, 1979) is a South Korean actor. After gaining attention as a supporting actor in "The Servant" (2010), Song played the leading roles in the comedies "Meet the In-Laws" (2011) and "The Suck Up Project: Mr. XXX-Kisser" (2012).

neg: Nick Lachey Nicholas Scott Lachey ( ; born November 9, 1973) is an American singer, songwriter, actor, producer and television personality. He rose to fame as the lead singer of the multi-platinum-selling boyband 98 Degrees, and later starred in the reality series "" with his then-wife, Jessica Simpson. He has released four solo albums: "SoulO", "What's Left of Me", "A Father's Lullaby", and "Soundtrack of My Life". He is also known for his recurring role as Leslie St. Claire on the television series "Charmed".

neg: Santa Claus Lane Santa Claus Lane is the debut studio album by American singer Hilary Duff. It was released in the United States on October 15, 2002 by Buena Vista Records. The holiday album contains covers of Christmas songs, including "Santa Claus Is Coming to Town", "Jingle Bell Rock" and "Last Christmas". The album also features guest appearances from Christina Milian, Lil' Romeo and Duff's sister Haylie.

neg: The Comedy The Comedy is a 2012 metamodern film directed and co-written by Rick Alverson, and starring Tim Heidecker. Supporting actors include Eric Wareheim (Tim and Eric), James Murphy (LCD Soundsystem), and Gregg Turkington (better known as Neil Hamburger). The film was premiered at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival and screened within such festivals as Maryland Film Festival 2012. The film was distributed by Tribeca Film and was slated for theatrical release on November 9, 2012 and nationwide On Demand starting October 24, 2012.

neg: Switchmas Switchmas (earlier titles Ira Finkelstein's Christmas and All I Want Is Christmas) is an American musical comedy film directed by Sue Corcoran. It tells the story of a Christmas obsessed Jewish boy on his way to sunny Florida who figures out how to get the Christmas of his dreams by trading airline tickets and places with another boy on his way to snowy Christmastown, Washington. This film also features CGI scenes based on Ira's Christmas dreams.

neg: Jorma Taccone Jorma Christopher Taccone ( ; born March 19, 1977) is an American actor, comedian, director, producer, writer, record producer, and musician. Taccone is one third of the sketch comedy troupe The Lonely Island along with childhood friends Andy Samberg and Akiva Schaffer. In 2010, he co-wrote and directed the "SNL" spin-off film "MacGruber", which was his directorial debut. Taccone directed his second feature with Akiva Schaffer, the musical comedy "", which he also co-wrote and co-starred with Schaffer and Samberg. The film was released on June 3, 2016 to positive reviews.

neg: Billy's Hollywood Screen Kiss Billy's Hollywood Screen Kiss is a 1998 American independent, gay-themed romantic comedy film written and directed by Tommy O'Haver and starring Sean P. Hayes, Brad Rowe, and Meredith Scott Lynn. The film was a breakthrough performance for Hayes, who would go from this film to his role as Jack McFarland on the hit television show "Will & Grace".


query: What is the birthday of the writer of the game series whose first game was "Onikakushi-hen"?

pos: Jirō Suzuki Jirō Suzuki (鈴木次郎 , Suzuki Jirō , born February 14) is a Japanese manga artist. She is the writer and illustrator of the manga MAGiMAGi, and has provided illustrations for the manga adaptations of the "Tatarigoroshi-hen" chapter in "Higurashi When They Cry" and the "Turn of the Golden Witch" chapter in "Umineko no Naku Koro ni". She is also one of the character designers for the 07th Expansion game "Rose Guns Days", designing several characters including the main character Leo Shishigami.

pos: Higurashi When They Cry Higurashi When They Cry (ひぐらしのなく頃に , Higurashi no Naku Koro ni , lit. "When the Higurashi Cicadas Cry") , known simply as When They Cry for the North American release of the anime adaptation, is a Japanese murder mystery dōjin soft sound novel series produced by 07th Expansion. The games are built on the NScripter game engine and are playable on the Windows operating system. The first game in the series, "Onikakushi-hen", was released on August 10, 2002, and the eighth and final game in the original PC series, "Matsuribayashi-hen", was released on August 13, 2006. While the first four games carried the overall title "Higurashi no Naku Koro ni", the next four games were produced under the title "Higurashi no Naku Koro ni Kai". A bonus fan disc called "Higurashi no Naku Koro ni Rei" was released on December 31, 2006. In addition to the original series, new story arcs were created in manga form and in video games for the PlayStation 2 and Nintendo DS in order to expand upon the story. The original eight PC releases were released in English by MangaGamer in 2009 and 2010. The series focuses on a group of young friends living in the rural village of Hinamizawa and the strange events that occur in 1983.

neg: Di(e)ce Di(e)ce (ｄｉ［ｅ］ｃｅ-ダイス- , di[e]ce –daisu- ) , stylized di[e]ce, is a manga written and illustrated by Kana Yamamoto. Since 2007, it has been serialized in a "shōjo" manga magazine, "Monthly Comic Zero Sum". The story covers two best-friends, Kazuki Naruse and Haruki Koutake, which is on the advanced track of Seitoukou Academy. Though they are not connected by blood, these two whose faces are so similar coincidentally have their 16th birthdays on November 11. However, on that fateful anniversary, the game of fate—killing and surviving, which is called di[e]ce, started, revealing that they are the two kings that is supposed to kill each other in order to finish the game. The manga chapters ended on November, 2010, and the series has 6 collected volumes published by Ichijinsha. They are also available in French.

neg: Tommy Yune Tommy Yune (Hangul 토미 윤 , Chinese characters 尹泰 善) is a South Korean-born American comic book author who became known for his manga-style work on "Speed Racer", which was followed by a comic industry revival of classic anime shows such as "Battle of the Planets" and "Robotech". His video game credits include "FX Fighter", "", and the award-winning "The Journeyman Project" series.

neg: Mitsuru Sugaya Mitsuru Sugaya (すがやみつる , Sugaya Mitsuru , originally 菅谷 充, born September 20, 1950) , is a Japanese manga artist, novelist, an author of instructional comics, and a racing writer. Sugaya wrote and illustrated "Game Center Arashi", a manga. He Also Drew A Manga tied to the Japanese Spiderman Show from the 1970s and also drew the manga adaptations of all Kamen rider series from Ichigo to stronger.

neg: Chrono Cross Chrono Cross (クロノ・クロス , Kurono Kurosu ) is a role-playing video game developed and published by Square for the PlayStation video game console. It is the successor to "Chrono Trigger", which was released in 1995 for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System. "Chrono Cross" was designed primarily by scenarist and director Masato Kato, who had help from other designers who also worked on "Chrono Trigger", including art director Yasuyuki Honne and composer Yasunori Mitsuda. Nobuteru Yūki designed the characters of the game.

neg: Days (manga) Days is an ongoing Japanese slice of life comedy sports "shōnen" manga series written and illustrated by Tsuyoshi Yasuda. It's published by Kodansha, with serialization on "Weekly Shōnen Magazine" and with 23 volumes compiling the chapters released so far.

neg: School-Live! School-Live! (Japanese: がっこうぐらし! , Hepburn: Gakkō Gurashi! , lit. "Living at School!") is a Japanese manga series written by Nitroplus' Norimitsu Kaihō and illustrated by Sadoru Chiba. The series began serialization in the July 2012 issue of Houbunsha's "Manga Time Kirara Forward" magazine and is licensed in English by Yen Press. An anime adaptation by Lerche aired between July and September 2015.

neg: Rose Guns Days Rose Guns Days (ローズガンズデイズ , Rōzu Ganzu Deizu ) is a four-part Japanese "dōjin" visual novel series produced by 07th Expansion and playable on Windows PCs. The first game in the series, "Season 1", was released on August 11, 2012, and the fourth game, "Last Season", was released on December 31, 2013. There have been six manga adaptations based on "Rose Guns Days" published by Kodansha and Square Enix.

neg: Arcade Gamer Fubuki Arcade Gamer Fubuki (アーケードゲーマーふぶき , "Ākēdogēmā Fubuki ) is a manga series by Mine Yoshizaki, adapted into a 2002 anime series produced by Shaft, Bandai, and the Arcade Gamer Fubuki Committee. It was released directly on video. The first episode aired on television prior to the release of the first video. The series was licensed in English by Central Park Media, distributed under the U.S. Manga Corps label.

neg: Chrono (series) The Chrono (Japanese: クロノ ) series is a video game franchise developed and published by Square, and is currently owned by Square Enix. The series began in 1995 with the time travel role-playing video game "Chrono Trigger", which spawned two continuations, "", and "Chrono Cross". A promotional anime called "Dimensional Adventure Numa Monjar" and two ports of "Chrono Trigger" were also produced. As of March 31, 2003, "Chrono Trigger" was Square Enix's 12th best-selling game, with 2.65 million units shipped. "Chrono Cross" was the 24th, with 1.5 million units. By March 2011, the two games sold over 5.3 million units combined. The games in the series have been called some of the greatest of all time, with most of the praise going towards "Chrono Trigger". The series' original soundtracks, composed by Yasunori Mitsuda, have also been praised, with multiple soundtracks being released for them.

neg: Captain (manga) Captain (Japanese: キャプテン , Hepburn: Kyaputen ) is a baseball manga series by Akio Chiba which ran in "Monthly Shōnen Jump" (published by Shueisha) from 1972 to 1979. This series ran concurrently with another Chiba manga series "Play Ball", which ran in "Weekly Shōnen Jump" (also published by Shueisha) from 1973 to 1978. "Captain", along with "Play Ball", won the 22nd Shogakukan Manga Award for shōnen in 1977.

neg: Final Fantasy concerts "Final Fantasy" is a media franchise created by Hironobu Sakaguchi and owned by Square Enix that includes video games, motion pictures, and other merchandise. The original Final Fantasy video game, published in 1987, is a role-playing video game developed by Square, spawning a video game series that became the central focus of the franchise. The primary composer of music for the main series was Nobuo Uematsu, who single-handedly composed the soundtracks for the first nine games, as well as directing the production of many of the soundtrack albums. Music for the spin-off series and main series games beginning with "Final Fantasy X" was created by a variety of composers including Masashi Hamauzu, Naoshi Mizuta, Hitoshi Sakimoto, and Kumi Tanioka, as well as many others.

neg: Masayuki Ishikawa Masayuki Ishikawa (Japanese: 石川 雅之 , Hepburn: Ishikawa Masayuki , born July 29, 1974) is a Japanese manga artist best known for "".

neg: Utsunomiko UtsunoMiko (宇宙皇子 ) , also written Utsu no Miko, is a Japanese historical fantasy light novel series written by Keisuke Fujikawa (藤川桂介) and illustrated by Mutsumi Inomata, which was later adapted into an anime of the same title. The story is set in the late Asuka Period to the Nara Period, and follows the trials of the title character Utsunomiko (usually shortened to Miko), the offspring of the kami of the north star. There are 52 Utsunomiko novels, the first published in 1984, and the last published in 1998. The Utsunomiko movie premiered in 1989, followed by a second movie and a 13-episode OVA starting in 1990.

neg: Yōichi Takahashi Yōichi Takahashi (高橋 陽一 , Takahashi Yōichi , born July 28, 1960) is a Japanese cartoonist and manga artist, best known for his work "Captain Tsubasa". Takahashi has published art books, manga, novels, and guides, most of which are of about his manga "Captain Tsubasa". He is also known for his soccer series, "".

neg: List of Hikaru no Go chapters "Hikaru no Go" (ヒカルの碁 , lit. "Hikaru's Go") is a coming of age story manga, based on the board game Go, written by Yumi Hotta and illustrated by Takeshi Obata. The series was published Shueisha in its "Weekly Shōnen Jump" magazine from 1998 to 2003 and the 189 serialized chapters were collected in 23 tankōbon volumes.

neg: Amy Hennig Amy Hennig (born August 19, 1964) is an American video game director and script writer, formerly for the video game company Naughty Dog. She began her work in the industry on the Nintendo Entertainment System, with her design debut on the Super Nintendo Entertainment System game "". She later went to work for Crystal Dynamics, working primarily on the "Legacy of Kain" series (her self-proclaimed greatest achievement). With Naughty Dog, her work has been on two primary series: "Jak and Daxter" and "Uncharted".

neg: Satoshi Urushihara Satoshi Urushihara (うるし原 智志 (pen name) or 漆原 智志 (real name) , Urushihara Satoshi , February 9, 1966) , the "Master of Breasts", is a Japanese manga artist and illustrator known for his distinctive style of beautiful characters. His work is the basis for anime such as "Plastic Little" and "Legend of Lemnear", and appears in the "Langrisser" and "Growlanser" series of tactical role-playing video games.

neg: Ryo Takamisaki Ryo Takamisaki (鷹岬 諒 , Takamisaki Ryō , born August 14, 1963) is a Japanese manga artist known for his work on the manga series "Megaman NT Warrior" which was adapted into an anime franchise.

neg: Yuji Shiozaki Yuji Shiozaki (塩崎 雄二 , Shiozaki Yūji , born September 7, 1967) is Japanese manga author. He is best known for the manga series "Ikki Tousen", also known as "Battle Vixens" in English.

neg: No Game No Life No Game No Life (Japanese: ノーゲーム・ノーライフ , Hepburn: Nōgēmu Nōraifu ) is a light novel series by Yū Kamiya. It is published under the MF Bunko J imprint with nine novels released between April 25, 2012 and August 25, 2016. The author and his wife, Mashiro Hiiragi, adapted the novels into a manga series for "Monthly Comic Alive" in 2013. Later that year, an anime adaptation of "No Game No Life" by Madhouse was announced. It premiered on AT-X between April and July 2014, and was simulcast outside Japan by Crunchyroll. An anime film adaptation of the sixth volume is scheduled to premiere on July 15, 2017. The "No Game No Life" franchise was localized in North America by several companies: Seven Seas Entertainment licensed the manga, Sentai Filmworks the anime, and Yen Press the light novel series.


query: Who began the colonization of the area that Jesuit missionary Claude Aveneau resided?

pos: Claude Aveneau Claude Aveneau (December 25, 1650 in Laval, France – September 14, 1711 in Quebec) was a Jesuit missionary in New France.

pos: New France New France (French: "Nouvelle-France" ) was the area colonized by France in North America during a period beginning with the exploration of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence by Jacques Cartier in 1534 and ending with the cession of New France to Great Britain and Spain in 1763.

neg: Fort Trempealeau Fort Trempealeau was founded in 1685 by Nicholas Perrot and a groupe of Canadiens. In the fall of 1685, Perrot and his men arrived at Mont Trempealeau by canoe. The Winnebagos called this mountain, "Hay-nee-ah-cheh", or the mountain in the water. That is why Perrot called it in French, "la montagne qui trempe à l'eau," or Trempealeau mountain. There, Perrot and his men built a protective shelter in preparation for winter. Several weeks earlier they had left La Baye Green Bay and crossed Wisconsin via the Fox and Wisconsin Rivers to reach the Mississippi Valley. The purpose of this expedition was to establish alliances with the Ioway and Dakota Indians in order to expand French interests in the fur trade market. Although Perrot's venture was not the first French excursion into the upper Mississippi Valley, his was the first attempt to establish a foothold in this region. In the spring of 1686 the Trempealeau site was abandoned for a more advantageous location along Lake Pepin where Perrot built Fort Saint Antoine. Over the next thirty-five years French economic fortunes in the upper Mississippi Valley waxed and waned. It was not until 1731, and the end of the Fox Indian wars, that the French under the command of René Godefroy, sieur de Linctot returned to Trempealeau and established another trading post.

neg: La Baye La Baye was a small trading post established on the "Baie des Puants" in 1634 by Jean Nicolet. Nicolas Perrot, who was sent by Father Claude-Jean Allouez, continued the work that Nicolet had started. In 1671, the Jesuits constructed a mission. Fort La Baye was thus constructed in 1717. The town of La Baye was incorporated in 1754. At the end of the Seven Years' War, it went under British control in 1761 and was renamed Green Bay.

neg: Père Jean Marie Delavay Père Jean-Marie Delavay (28 December 1834 – 31 December 1895) was a French missionary, explorer and botanist. He was perhaps the first Western explorer of the region which is now encompassed by the "Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan Protected Areas".

neg: Pomeroon (colony) Pomeroon is the name of a former Dutch plantation colony on the Pomeroon River in the Guiana region on the north coast of South America. After early colonization attempts in the late 16th century were attacked by Spaniards and local Indians, the original inhabitants fled the interior of Guiana, founding the colony of Essequibo around Fort Kyk-Over-Al shortly after. A second, and more serious attempt at colonization started in 1650, but was ultimately unsuccessful, as French privateers destroyed the colony in 1689. In the late 18th century, a third attempt of colonization was started, this time under the jurisdiction of the Essequibo colony.

neg: Latin America Latin America is a group of countries and dependencies in the Americas where Spanish and Portuguese are predominant. The term originated in 19th century France as "Amérique latine" to consider French-speaking territories in the Americas (Haiti, French Guiana, Martinique, Guadeloupe, Saint Martin, Saint Barthélemy) along with the larger group of countries where Spanish and Portuguese languages prevailed. It is therefore broader than the terms Ibero-America or Hispanic America—though it usually excludes French Canada and modern French Louisiana.

neg: Jean-Baptiste Chardon Jean-Baptiste Chardon (April 27, 1672 (some sources say April 27, 1671) in Bordeaux, France – April 11, 1743 in Quebec City) was a French Jesuit missionary to the Indians in Canada and in Louisiana territory.

neg: Jean Dolbeau Jean Dolbeau, O.M.R., (12 March 1586–9 June 1652) was a Recollect friar, one of the four Recollects who were the first Catholic missionaries to northern New France, present day Canada. Dolbeau-Mistassini in Quebec is named for him.

neg: Lac qui Parle Mission Lac qui Parle Mission is a pre-territorial mission in Chippewa County, Minnesota, United States, which was founded in June 1835 by Dr. Thomas Smith Williamson and Alexander Huggins after fur trader Joseph Renville invited missionaries to the area. "Lac qui Parle" is a French translation of the native Dakota name, meaning "lake which speaks". In the 19th century, the first dictionary of the Dakota language was written, and part of the Bible was translated into that language for the first time at a mission on the site of the park. It was a site for Christian missionary work to the Sioux for nearly 20 years. Renville was related to and had many friends in the native community, and after his death in 1846, the business was taken over by the "irreligious" Martin McLeod. The Indians became more hostile to the mission, and in 1854 the missionaries abandoned the site and relocated to the Upper Sioux Agency.

neg: Jean Le Sueur Jean Le Sueur (c. 1598 – 29 November 1668), also known as "Abbé Saint-Sauveur", was a priest from France who arrived at the colony of New France in 1634 on the same ship as Jean Bourdon.

neg: Jacques-François le Sueur Jacques-François le Sueur was an 18th-century French Jesuit missionary and linguist, of the Abnaki mission in Canada.

neg: Dutch Brazil Dutch Brazil, also known as New Holland, was the northern portion of the Portuguese colony of Brazil, ruled by the Dutch during the Dutch colonization of the Americas between 1630 and 1654. The main cities of the Dutch colony of New Holland were the capital Mauritsstad (today Recife), Frederikstadt (João Pessoa), Nieuw Amsterdam (Natal), Saint Louis (São Luís), São Cristóvão, Fortaleza (Fort Schoonenborch), Sirinhaém and Olinda.

neg: Discovery Bay, Jamaica Discovery Bay is a town in Saint Ann Parish on the northern coast of Jamaica. The city is also known locally as Dry Harbour Bay, because it sits in the shadow of the Dry Harbour Mountains in St. Ann. There is a dispute as to whether Christopher Columbus first landed in Discovery Bay or Sevilla la Nueva (east of Discovery Bay) in 1494. Near to the city are Puerto Seco Beach and several historic sites, such as the Green Grotto Caves and Columbus Park. Visitors to the Green Grotto Caves can see relics of the native Taíno Arawak lifestyle there. It is said that many Spaniards escaped the English invasion of 1655 through secret passages in the caves with the help of Arawaks and African slaves, in exchange for their freedom.

neg: Misión San José de Comondú Mission San José de Comondú was one of the Jesuit missions established early in the 18th century in Baja California Sur, Mexico, west of Loreto on an arroyo flowing to the Pacific coast. "Comondú" was a place name of the native Cochimí, who were the objects of the missionaries' efforts. Over the course of its existence, the mission was twice relocated.

neg: Jacques Cartier Jacques Cartier (Breton: "Jakez Karter" ; December 31, 1491September 1, 1557) was a Breton explorer who claimed what is now Canada for France. Jacques Cartier was the first European to describe and map the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the shores of the Saint Lawrence River, which he named "The Country of Canadas", after the Iroquois names for the two big settlements he saw at Stadacona (Quebec City) and at Hochelaga (Montreal Island).

neg: Mission San Juan Capistrano (Texas) Mission San Juan Capistrano (originally christened in 1716 as "La Misión San José de los Nazonis" and located in East Texas) was founded in 1731 by Spanish Catholics of the Franciscan Order, on the eastern banks of the San Antonio River in present-day San Antonio, Texas. The new settlement (part of a chain of Spanish missions) was named for a 15th-century theologian and warrior priest who resided in the Abruzzo region of Italy. The mission San Juan was named after Saint John of Capestrano.

neg: History of Gabon Little is known of the history of Gabon prior to European contact. Bantu migrants settled the area beginning in the 14th century. Portuguese explorers and traders arrived in the area in the late 15th century. The coast subsequently became a center of the slave trade with Dutch, English, and French traders arriving in the 16th century. In 1839 and 1841, France established a protectorate over the coast.

neg: Charles Albanel Charles Albanel (1616 – 11 January 1696), born in Ardes, was a French missionary explorer in Canada, and a Jesuit priest. In 1649, he arrived in Canada at Tadoussac where he spent many winters among the Montagnais Indians. In 1672, at the time when the Hudson's Bay Company was beginning operations, he was a leader of a French party that went by the Saguenay River, Lake Mistassini, and the Rupert River to Hudson Bay. He may have been the first European to reach Hudson Bay from the Saint Lawrence. In 1674, on another journey to the Rupert River he was captured by the English and taken to England. On his journey to England he induced Medard des Groseilliers to return to the French service. After returning in 1688 to Canada, he served at missions in western Canada and died at Sault Ste. Marie.

neg: Prehistory of France Prehistoric France is the period in the human occupation (including early hominins) of the geographical area covered by present-day France which extended through prehistory and ended in the Iron Age with the Celtic "La Tène culture".

neg: Habitants Habitants were French settlers and the inhabitants of French origin who farmed the land along the two shores of the St. Lawrence River and Gulf in what is the present-day Province of Quebec in Canada. The term was used by the inhabitants themselves and the other classes of French Canadian society from the 17th century up until the early 20th century when the usage of the word declined in favour of the more modern "agriculteur" (farmer) or "producteur agricole" (agricultural producer).

neg: Saturiwa The Saturiwa were a Timucua chiefdom centered on the mouth of the St. Johns River in what is now Jacksonville, Florida. They were the largest and best attested chiefdom of the Timucua subgroup known as the Mocama, who spoke the Mocama dialect of Timucuan and lived in the coastal areas of present-day northern Florida and southeastern Georgia. They were a prominent political force in the early days of European settlement in Florida, forging friendly relations with the French Huguenot settlers at Fort Caroline in 1564 and later becoming heavily involved in the Spanish mission system.


query: Which film was released first, Rosenwald or Roam Sweet Home?

pos: Rosenwald (film) Rosenwald is a 2015 documentary film directed by Aviva Kempner about the career of American businessman and philanthropist Julius Rosenwald. It debuted on February 25, 2015 at the Washington Jewish Film Festival.

pos: Roam Sweet Home Roam Sweet Home is a 1996 American documentary film directed by Ellen Spiro. In road-trip style, it follows the lives of retirees who live on the road full-time in trailers, due to economic necessity, pleasure, or both.

neg: The White Roses The White Roses (German:Die weißen Rosen) is a 1916 German silent film directed by Urban Gad and starring Asta Nielsen, Ernst Hofmann and Max Landa.

neg: First Kid First Kid is a 1996 Disney comedy film directed by David Mickey Evans and starring Sinbad and Brock Pierce. It was mostly filmed in Richmond, Virginia.

neg: Quiet City (film) Quiet City is a 2007 film directed by Aaron Katz that premiered at the 2007 South by Southwest Film Festival in the Emerging Visions category. Subsequently it played at film festivals around the world, including the Sarasota Film Festival, Maryland Film Festival, Stockholm Film Festival and Milano Film Festival, before premiering theatrically in New York in August 2007.

neg: One Glorious Day One Glorious Day is a lost 1922 American fantasy comedy silent film directed by James Cruze and written by Barry Barringer and Walter Woods. The film stars Will Rogers, Lila Lee, Alan Hale, Sr., Johnny Fox, George Nichols and Emily Rait. The film was released on January 29, 1922, by Paramount Pictures.

neg: Home Sweet Home (1945 film) Home Sweet Home is a 1945 British musical comedy film directed by John E. Blakeley written by Roney Parsons and Anthony Toner and starring Frank Randle, Nicolette Roeg (sister of director Nic Roeg) and Tony Pendrell.

neg: Roamin' Holiday Roamin' Holiday is a 1937 "Our Gang" short comedy film directed by Gordon Douglas. It was the 155th "Our Gang" short (156th episode, 67th talking short, and 68th talking episode) that was released.

neg: The Home Guard The Home Guard: School March for Piano is a song from 1910 written by M. Greenwald and published by Will Wood.

neg: Three Days Confined to Barracks (1955 film) Three Days Confined to Barracks (German: Drei Tage Mittelarrest) is a 1955 West German comedy film directed by  Georg Jacoby and starring  Ernst Waldow, Grethe Weiser and Eva Probst. It is a remake of the 1930 comedy film " Three Days Confined to Barracks". Like its predecessor it is a comic portrayal of life in the German Army at the beginning of the century.

neg: Stranger in the House (1967 film) Stranger In The House is a 1967 crime drama directed and written by Pierre Rouve (from the novel by Georges Simenon), produced by Anatole de Grunwald, and starring James Mason, Geraldine Chaplin, and Bobby Darin. The movie is also known as Cop-Out and is a remake of the 1942 French film "Strangers in the House" ("Les inconnus dans la maison"). The film was remade in 1997.

neg: The Shadow Returns The Shadow Returns is a 1946 American comedy crime film directed by Phil Rosen and starring Kane Richmond, Barbara Read and Tom Dugan. It features the pulp character The Shadow, already a popular hero of novels and a radio show. It was the first in a series of three films released by Monogram in 1946 starring Richmond in the role.

neg: Walk Me Home "Walk Me Home" is a pop song by singer Mandy Moore from her debut album, "So Real" and released as the album's second single in 1999. The song was re-released in 2000 and featured in the film ""Center Stage"". Aside from being on the reissue to "Music of the Heart" and soundtrack to the Disney Channel show "Lizzie McGuire," it was included on Moore's second album, I Wanna Be with You (album).

neg: Eddie Macon's Run Eddie Macon's Run is a 1983 American action crime drama film based on the 1980 novel by James McLendon, starring Kirk Douglas and John Schneider. It also included John Goodman in his feature film debut.

neg: Welcome Home, Bobby Welcome Home, Bobby is a made-for-TV movie that aired on the U.S. television network CBS in early 1986, and was one of the first TV movies in the U.S. to portray openly gay teenagers. The plot centered around a troubled high school student (Timothy Williams) from an old-fashioned Italian family, who, even though he has a girlfriend (Nan Woods) at school, falls in love with an older man in his mid-thirties, and then finds himself the object of ridicule, both at school and at home with his father, played by Tony Lo Bianco. The movie also starred Adam Baldwin, John Karlen and Moira Harris.

neg: Heart of a Siren Heart of a Siren (also titled Heart of a Temptress) is a 1925 silent film drama/romance directed by Phil Rosen and distributed by First National Pictures. Barbara La Marr starred in one of her last movies. It was based on the Broadway play "Hail and Farewell". The UCLA Film and Television Archive has a surviving print.

neg: The Butter and Egg Man (1928 film) The Butter and Egg Man is a 1928 American silent comedy film directed by Richard Wallace and starring Jack Mulhall, Greta Nissen and Sam Hardy. It is based on the 1925 play "The Butter and Egg Man". It was remade by the studio's successor company Warner Brothers as a sound film "Hello, Sweetheart" in 1935.

neg: Andy Hardy Andrew "Andy" Hardy is a fictional character played by Mickey Rooney in a Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film series from 1937 to 1946, with a film released in 1958 in an unsuccessful attempt to revive the series. Hardy and others were based on characters in the play "Skidding" by Aurania Rouverol. Early films in the series focused on the entire Hardy family, but later films in the series focused on the character of Andy Hardy. All of the films were sentimental comedies celebrating ordinary American life.

neg: Youth on Parole Youth on Parole is a 1937 American drama film directed by Phil Rosen.

neg: Sweet Mama (film) Sweet Mama is a 1930 American Pre-Code talkie comedy drama film with songs, which was directed by Edward F. Cline and produced and distributed by First National Pictures. The movie stars Alice White, David Manners, Kenneth Thomson and Rita Flynn. Planned as a full-scale musical, and released as such for a short time in the summer of 1930, most of the songs were cut from general release prints by the autumn of 1930 due to the public's aversion for musicals.

neg: My Man (1928 film) My Man (1928) is a black and white part-talkie American comedy-drama musical film from Warner Bros. starring Fannie Brice and featuring Guinn "Big Boy" Williams. It was Fannie Brice's feature film debut at the age of 37. She was a star in the "Ziegfeld Follies" before she started acting in motion pictures. At the time this movie was made there were still some silent movies in production and being released. It would not be until 1929 that talking movies would completely take over, but Warner Bros. had completely stopped making silent movies and switched to sound pictures by the end of that year, either part talking or full talking. Warners would also start making movies in color as well as sound movies.

neg: Isaac Rosenfeld Isaac Rosenfeld (March 10, 1918, Chicago - July 14, 1956, Chicago) was a Jewish-American writer who became a prominent member of New York intellectual circles. Rosenfeld wrote one novel ("Passage from Home", 1946), which, according to literary critic Marck Shechner, "helped fashion a uniquely American voice by marrying the incisiveness of Mark Twain to the Russian melancholy of Dostoevsky," and many articles for "The Nation", "Partisan Review", and "The New Republic". Some of those articles were posthumously published in a volume titled "An Age of Enormity", and his short stories were later published as "Alpha and Omega".


query: In which year was the 85-86 Man of the Year inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame?

pos: 1985–86 Boston Celtics season In 1985–86, the Boston Celtics won 67 games, going 40–1 at home (37–1 at the Boston Garden, 3–0 at the Hartford Civic Center), which would be tied 30 years later by the San Antonio Spurs in 2016, and were one win shy of tying their franchise record of 68 wins set in 1972–73. Larry Bird won his third consecutive MVP award and Bill Walton won the Sixth Man of the Year Award. McHale missed an 18-game stretch during the season due to injury, and during his absence the Celtics record was 15–3. They won their 16th championship and the last for 22 years, defeating the Houston Rockets in six games in the NBA Finals, and had won 82 combined regular season and playoff games, a record that stood until the Chicago Bulls racked up 87 combined wins en route to a title (the 2015-16 Golden State Warriors broke that record with 88 combined wins).

pos: Bill Walton William Theodore Walton III (born November 5, 1952) is an American retired basketball player and television sportscaster. Walton became known playing for John Wooden's powerhouse UCLA Bruins in the early 1970s, winning three successive College Player of the Year Awards, while leading the Bruins to two Division I national titles. He then went on to have a prominent career in the National Basketball Association (NBA) where he was a league Most Valuable Player (MVP) and won two NBA championships. His professional career was significantly hampered by multiple foot injuries. Walton was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame on May 10, 1993 and the Oregon Sports Hall of Fame that same year.

neg: Johnny McCarthy John Joseph "Johnny" McCarthy (born April 25, 1934) is an American former basketball player and coach. A 6'1" guard, he played college basketball and was an All-American at Canisius College. He was selected by the Rochester Royals in the 1956 NBA draft. He played a total of six seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA)—two for the Royals, three for the St. Louis Hawks, and one for the Boston Celtics.

neg: Julius Erving Award The Julius Erving Small Forward of the Year Award is an annual basketball award given by the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame to the top men's collegiate small forward. Following the success of the Bob Cousy Award which had been awarded since 2004, the award was one of four new awards (along with the Jerry West Award, Karl Malone Award and Kareem Abdul-Jabbar Award) created as part of the inaugural College Basketball Awards show in 2015. It is named after NBA’s 50th Anniversary All-Time Team player Julius Erving. The inaugural winner was Stanley Johnson.

neg: 1990–91 Golden State Warriors season The 1990–91 NBA season was the Warriors' 45th season in the National Basketball Association, and 28th in the San Francisco Bay Area. The trio of Chris Mullin, Mitch Richmond, and second-year star Tim Hardaway were given the name "Run TMC" during the season. In the opening game, the Warriors defeated the Denver Nuggets 162–158, the highest-scoring regulation game in NBA history. Despite their scoring prowess, the Warriors were limited defensively. The team got off to a solid start winning seven of their first nine games, but later on played around .500 along the way. On February 26, 1991, they lost 131–119 to the Orlando Magic despite the Run TMC trio each scoring more than 30 points (the rest of the team totaled 21 points).

neg: Red Holzman William "Red" Holzman (August 10, 1920 – November 13, 1998) was an National Basketball Association (NBA) basketball player and coach probably best known as the head coach of the New York Knicks from 1967 to 1982. Holzman helped lead the Knicks to two NBA Championships in 1970 and 1973, and was inducted into the Basketball Hall of Fame in 1986. In 1996, Holzman was named one of Top 10 Coaches in NBA History.

neg: Rick Barry Richard Francis Dennis Barry III (born March 28, 1944) is an American retired professional basketball player who played in both the American Basketball Association (ABA) and National Basketball Association (NBA). Named one of the 50 Greatest Players in history by the NBA in 1996, Barry is the only player to lead the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), ABA and NBA in scoring for an individual season. He was known for his unorthodox but effective underhand free throw shooting technique, and at the time of his retirement in 1980, his .900 free throw percentage ranked first in NBA history. In 1987, Barry was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. He is the father of former NBA players Brent Barry and Jon Barry and current professional player Canyon Barry.

neg: 1990–91 Utah Jazz season The 1990–91 NBA season was the Jazz's 17th season in the National Basketball Association, and 12th season in Salt Lake City, Utah. Early into the season, the Jazz traveled to Japan to play their first two games against the Phoenix Suns at the Tokyo Metropolitan Gymnasium. With the offseason acquisition of Jeff Malone from the Washington Bullets, the Jazz continued to play sweet music in the regular season with a 26–12 start. They ended up falling one game short of the Midwest Division title with another stellar record of 54–28, as Karl Malone finished second in the league in scoring with 29.0 points per game, and John Stockton led the league with 14.2 assists per game. Malone and Stockton were both selected for the 1991 NBA All-Star Game. In the first round of the playoffs, the Jazz defeated the 4th-seeded Phoenix Suns in four games, but lost in the semifinals to the Portland Trail Blazers in five games. This was also their final season playing at the Salt Palace. Following the season, Darrell Griffith retired.

neg: Chris Mullin (basketball) Christopher Paul Mullin (born July 30, 1963) is an American retired professional basketball player and current head coach of the St. John's Red Storm. He previously served as special advisor for the Sacramento Kings and general manager of the Golden State Warriors. He is a two-time Olympic Gold medalist and a two-time Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame inductee (in 2010 as a member of the 1992 United States men's Olympic basketball team ("The Dream Team"), and in 2011 for his individual career).

neg: 1985–86 Auburn Tigers men's basketball team The 1985–86 Auburn Tigers men's basketball team represented Auburn University in the 1985–86 college basketball season. The team's head coach was Sonny Smith, who was in his eighth season at Auburn. The team played their home games at Memorial Coliseum in Auburn, Alabama. They finished the season 22–11, 13–5 in SEC play. They lost to Mississippi State in the quarterfinals of the SEC Tournament. They received an at-large bid to the NCAA Tournament where they defeated Arizona, St. John's, and UNLV to advance to the Elite Eight where they lost to Louisville.

neg: 1985–86 NCAA Division I men's basketball rankings The 1985–86 NCAA Division I men's basketball rankings was made up of two human polls, the AP Poll and the Coaches Poll, in addition to various other preseason polls.

neg: Bill Campion William "Bill" Campion (born 1952) is a retired American basketball player. He stands 6 ft and played the center position in college and professionally. Campion is best known for his career at Manhattan College. Before graduating in 1975, in just over 2½ seasons, he set the still-standing school rebounds records for a game (30), season (419), and career (1,070). He also scored 1,223 points to give him a 1,000-point/rebound mark for his career. After his junior season he was given the Haggerty Award, an annual award that goes to the best male collegiate basketball player in the greater New York City area. Campion was selected in the fourth round (60th overall) in the 1975 NBA Draft by the Milwaukee Bucks. The American Basketball Association's Virginia Squires also chose him that year, but Campion did not play in either league.

neg: Mike Gibson (basketball) Michael "Mike" Jerome Gibson (born October 27, 1960 in Williamsburg County, South Carolina) is a retired professional basketball power forward who played two seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the Washington Bullets (1983–84) and the Detroit Pistons (1985–86). He was drafted out of University of South Carolina Upstate by the Bullets during the second round of the 1982 NBA draft.

neg: James Naismith James Naismith (November 6, 1861 – November 28, 1939) was a Canadian-American physical educator, physician, chaplain, sports coach and innovator. He invented the game of basketball at age 30 in 1891. He wrote the original basketball rule book and founded the University of Kansas basketball program. Naismith lived to see basketball adopted as an Olympic demonstration sport in 1904 and as an official event at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, as well as the birth of the National Invitation Tournament (1938) and the NCAA Tournament (1939).

neg: Sedric Toney Sedric Andre Toney (born April 13, 1962) is a retired American National Basketball Association player. He was selected by the Atlanta Hawks with the 59th overall pick (third round) of the 1985 NBA Draft.

neg: 1984–85 Texas Tech Red Raiders basketball team The 1985–86 Texas Tech Red Raiders men's basketball team represented Texas Tech University in the Southwest Conference during the 1985–86 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Head Coach was Gerald Myers, his 16th year with the team. The Red Raiders played their home games in the Lubbock Municipal Coliseum in Lubbock, Texas.

neg: 1986 NBA Playoffs The 1986 NBA Playoffs was the postseason tournament of the National Basketball Association's 1985–86 season. The tournament concluded with the Eastern Conference champion Boston Celtics defeating the Western Conference champion Houston Rockets 4 games to 2 in the NBA Finals. Larry Bird was named NBA Finals MVP for the second time.

neg: Bill Self Billy Eugene Self Jr. (born December 27, 1962) is an American men's college basketball coach at the University of Kansas. During his 14 seasons as head coach, he has led the Jayhawks to at least a share of 13 straight Big 12 regular season championships (2005–2017), 2 NCAA Final Four appearances (2008, 2012), and the 2008 NCAA championship. On March 31, 2017, it was announced that Self had been elected into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. The official induction will be later in 2017.

neg: Calvin Murphy Calvin Jerome Murphy (born May 9, 1948) is an American retired professional basketball player who played as a guard for the NBA's San Diego/Houston Rockets from 1970 to 1983, and is a current member of the Houston Rockets' Root Sports TV broadcast team. Standing at a height of 5 ft , Murphy has the distinction of being the shortest NBA player inducted into the Basketball Hall of Fame, and to play in an NBA All-Star Game (the latter since tied by Isaiah Thomas in 2016).

neg: Ralph Sampson Ralph Lee Sampson Jr. (born July 7, 1960) is an American retired basketball player. A 7-foot-4 phenom, three-time College Player of the Year, and first selection in the 1983 NBA draft, Sampson brought heavy expectations with him to the National Basketball Association (NBA). The NBA Rookie of the Year, Sampson averaged 20.7 points and 10.9 rebounds for his first three seasons with the Houston Rockets before injuries began to take their toll. Three knee surgeries later he retired as a four-time All-Star, an NBA Rookie of the Year, and an NBA All-Star Game MVP (). One of his many career highlights was a buzzer-beating shot to dethrone the Los Angeles Lakers as Western Conference champions in 1986, derailing their hopes for coveted back-to-back NBA titles, and sending the Rockets to their second NBA Finals in the team's history.

neg: New Zealand NBL Most Outstanding Kiwi Guard Award The National Basketball League Most Outstanding Kiwi Guard is an annual National Basketball League (NBL) award given since the 1985 New Zealand NBL season to the best performing New Zealand guard(s) of the regular season. The winner receives the John Macdonald Trophy, which is named in honour of Macdonald, a New Plymouth native and a former captain of the New Zealand men's national basketball team.

neg: Dolph Schayes Adolph Schayes (May 19, 1928 – December 10, 2015) was an American professional basketball player and coach in the National Basketball Association (NBA). A top scorer and rebounder, he was a 12-time NBA All-Star and a 12-time All-NBA selection. Schayes won an NBA championship with the Syracuse Nationals in 1955. He was named one of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History and inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame.


query: Which band of Japanese drummer Shinya was originally a visual kei band?

pos: Shinya (musician) Shinya (born February 24, 1978 in Osaka, Japan) is a Japanese musician, best known as the drummer of the metal band Dir En Grey. He has been with the band since its inception in 1997 and was previously a member of La:Sadie's. Shinya has composed a handful of songs for Dir En Grey, his compositions alternating between melodic ("Hotarubi", "Fukai") and upbeat tunes ("Raison Detre", "Umbrella").

pos: Dir En Grey DIR EN GREY (previously stylized as Dir en grey) is a Japanese heavy metal band formed in 1997 and currently signed to Firewall Div., a sub-division of Free-Will. As of 2014, they have recorded nine full-length records with a lineup consistent since its inception. Numerous stylistic changes have made the genre of their music difficult to determine, though it is generally considered to be a form of metal. Originally a visual kei band, the band has opted for less dramatic attire in recent years.

neg: Masahiro Matsuoka Masahiro Matsuoka (松岡 昌宏 , Matsuoka Masahiro , born January 11, 1977) is a Japanese drummer and actor. He is a member of Tokio, a Johnny Entertainment musical group. His nicknames are Mabo and Maa-kun. He starred as Shinichi Ozaki in ., and comedy series "Yasuko to Kenji".

neg: Color (band) Color (stylized as COLOR) was a Japanese punk band formed in 1985 by Dynamite Tommy, who founded the Free-Will record label a year later. They are considered to be important to the formation of visual kei. Their debut album "Gekitotsu" was named one of the top albums from 1989-1998 in a 2004 issue of the music magazine "Band Yarouze".

neg: Dada (song) "Dada" is a Japanese-language song by Japanese rock band Radwimps, released on January 12, 2011 as the first of two singles leading up to the band's sixth album, "Zettai Zetsumei".

neg: Genkaku Allergy Genkaku Allergy (幻覚アレルギ－) was a Japanese visual kei rock band started by ex-Kamaitachi members Sceana and Kazzy, in 1992. Its sound mixes elements from hardcore punk, heavy metal, noise and industrial music. They signed with Victor Entertainment in 1994. Genkaku Allergy disbanded in 1997, but in 2006 vocalist Sceana regrouped the band for one last show.

neg: Inushiki Inushiki (犬式 aka Dogggystyle) was a Japanese band, formed in Tokyo, Japan in 1998. The band's members are vocalist Yohei Miyake, guitarist Seitaro Mine, bassist Shoji Ishiguro, and drummer Kazunari Kakinuma. Inushiki is noted for its blend of reggae, rock, and funk as well as its revolutionary politics and lyrics. The group's music is distinguished primarily by Yohei's lyrical poetry and band's synergy. Inushiki are founding members of National School Band Associates (NBSA), with collaborate often with NBSA affiliate artists such as Bagdad Cafe, Soil and Pimp Sessions, as well as local Kichijōji-based artist Latyr Sy.

neg: Versailles (band) Versailles (known as Versailles -Philharmonic Quintet- in the United States) is a Japanese visual kei metal band formed in 2007 by vocalist Kamijo and guitarist Hizaki. After recruiting bassist Jasmine You, drummer Yuki and guitarist Teru, they performed their first show on June 23. Their key characteristics are their Rococo-esque costumes, dueling guitars and heavy but melodic arrangements. The group gained a significant worldwide following soon after forming as their debut EP "Lyrical Sympathy" (2007), released by Kamijo's own label Sherow Artist Society, received a simultaneous European release and they performed in Europe and the United States the following year. Their first full-length album, "Noble" released in 2008, was also released in North America in 2009.

neg: Masaaki Hiyama Masaaki Hiyama (日山 正明 , born Aki Masa, September 2, 1959) is a Japanese jazz drummer that participated in some of Japan's more well known fusion bands. He is a former member of Casiopea.

neg: Joujouka (band) Joujouka is a Japanese big beat project from Tokyo formed by Takeshi Isogai and Tsuyoshi Suzuki.

neg: Midas (Japanese band) Midas are a Japanese progressive rock band which was formed in Osaka in 1983.

neg: Spitz (band) Spitz (スピッツ , Supittsu ) are a Japanese rock band. The group was originally formed in 1987 by four art school students in Tokyo — it consists of Masamune Kusano (lead vocals and rhythm guitar), Tetsuya Miwa (lead guitar), Akihiro Tamura (bass guitar), and Tatsuo Sakiyama (drums).

neg: Blu-Billion Blu-Billion (stylized as Blu-BiLLioN) is a Japanese visual kei rock band formed in 2010. Their single "S.O.S." reached the eighth place on the weekly "Oricon" Singles Chart.

neg: Show-Ya Show-Ya (しょーや , Shōya ) is an all-female heavy metal/hard rock band from Japan, founded in 1981. The group disbanded in 1998, but reformed with the original line-up in 2005 for the 20th anniversary of their first release. The music of Show-Ya is deeply rooted in classic rock and in their albums and live shows they have covered songs from The Beatles, The Doors, The Yardbirds, Led Zeppelin, Deep Purple and AC/DC. Their music evolved from the pop rock of their first offerings to the heavy metal of their most successful albums, "Outerlimits" and "Hard Way".

neg: Chindon'ya Chindon'ya (チンドン屋), also called Japanese marching band, and in the old times also called tōzaiya (東西屋) or hiromeya (広目屋 or 披露目屋) are a type of elaborately costumed street musicians in Japan that advertise for shops and other establishments. The performers advertised the opening of new stores and other venues, or promoted special events such as price discounts. Nowadays, chindon'yas are rare in Japan. The word consists of Japanese sound symbolism "chin" and "don" to describe the instruments, and the "-ya" suffix which roughly equates to the English "-er" suffix in this context.

neg: Kuroyume Kuroyume (黒夢 , lit. "Black Dream") is a Japanese rock band formed in Nagoya in May 1991. The group had a definite influence on the visual kei scene, being credited as inspiration to many bands of the late '90's visual kei boom.

neg: Shingetsu Shingetsu (Japanese: 新月 ) was a Japanese progressive rock band from the 1970s. A band with a short career, they have typically been categorised as one of the most notable exponents of progressive rock music.

neg: Akira Jimbo Akira Jimbo, also seen as Akira Jinbo (神保 彰 , Jinbo Akira , born February 27, 1959) is a Japanese musician who is famous for his drumming independence and fusion of electronic drum technology and acoustic drums. Aside from his solo work, he is also the drummer in the Japanese jazz fusion band Casiopea and has participated in various side projects with other musicians, including Keiko Matsui, Shambara, bassist Brian Bromberg. He is the main product presenter of Yamaha Drums Japan.

neg: LM.C (Japanese band) LM.C is a Japanese visual kei rock duo playing a mix of electronic rock and pop, which they call "new century electrorock".

neg: Urbangarde Urbangarde (アーバンギャルド) is a Japanese band active since 2002. The formation is based in Tokyo and is currently composed of Hamasaki Yoko alias Yokotan (vocals), Matsunaga Temma alias Tenma (vocals), Zeze Shin alias Shinsama (guitar), the drummer Kagiyama Kyoichi alias Kyouchan left the band and they are now looking for a new drummer. Yachimura Kei alias Yashi (keyboard) was also part of the band in its earlier stages.

neg: Wyse (band) Wyse (formerly stylized as "wyse") is a Japanese rock group that formed in 1999. Its members are Tsukimori Kenichi (月森), Yamamura Yoshihiro (HIRO), Moriyama Masayuki (MORI), and Makita Takuma (TAKUMA). In 2005 they broke up and gave out their last album entitled "19990214-20050213" only to come back together in 2011. It is said earlier when they first started they paid a lot of attention to their style like most Visual Kei bands but after a while they toned down on it.

neg: Sug Sug (typeset as SuG) is a Japanese visual kei rock band formed in 2006. The band has released two EPs, five full-length studio albums, and several singles. Until 2009, the band was signed to "Indie PSC", a subdivision of PS Company. As of 2010, they have signed onto a major label, Pony Canyon. The band's tagline in promotional work is "Heavy Positive Rock".


query: What was the name of the Mafia faction headed by the person responsible for the assassination of Placido Rizzotto?

pos: Placido Rizzotto Placido Rizzotto (Corleone, January 2, 1914 – March 10, 1948) was an Italian socialist peasant and trade union leader from Corleone, who was assassinated by Sicilian Mafia boss Luciano Leggio. Pieces of Rizzotto's mutilated body were discovered two years later at the bottom of a cliff with his limbs chained up, and a bullet hole in his head. When he was killed, Rizzotto was doing activist work with farm laborers, trying to help them take over unfarmed land on large estates in the area.

pos: Luciano Leggio Luciano Leggio (] ; 6 January 1925 – 15 November 1993) was an Italian criminal and leading figure of the Sicilian Mafia. He was the head of the Corleonesi, the Mafia faction that originated in the town of Corleone. He's universally known with the surname Liggio, a result of a misspelling in court documents in the 1960s.

neg: Pentito Italian term pentito (] ; "repentant"; plural: "pentiti") is used colloquially to designate people in Italy who were formerly part of criminal or terrorist organizations, and who, following their arrests, decided to "repent" and collaborate with the judiciary to help further investigations. The judicial category of "pentiti" was originally created in legislation passed by the Italian government in the 1970s to combat violence and terrorism during the so-called Years of Lead. The correct technical name used for them is "collaborators of justice" (Italian: "collaboratori di giustizia" ). In the wake of the Maxi Trial in Palermo in 1986–87, and after the testimony of Tommaso Buscetta, the term came into widespread use in Italy for all former members of the Sicilian Mafia who had abandoned their organization and started helping investigators.

neg: Frank Ragano Frank Ragano (January 25, 1923 – May 13, 1998) was a self-styled "mob lawyer" from Florida, who made his name representing organized crime figures such as Santo Trafficante, Jr. and Carlos Marcello, and also served as lawyer for Teamsters leader Jimmy Hoffa. In his 1994 autobiography "Mob Lawyer", Ragano recounted his career in defending members of organized crime, and made the controversial allegation that Florida mob boss Santo Trafficante, Jr. confessed to him shortly before he died in 1987 that he and Carlos Marcello had arranged for the assassination of President John F. Kennedy in 1963. These Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories have been called into serious question by others.

neg: Capobastone The Capobastone is a high-ranking 'Ndrangheta who is in charge of a 'ndrina. It is the Calabrian equivalent for the Sicilian "Capofamiglia".

neg: Banda della Magliana The Banda della Magliana (] , "Magliana Gang") is an Italian criminal organization based in Rome founded in 1975. Given by the media, the name refers to the original neighborhood, the Magliana, of some of its members.

neg: Joseph Cantalupo Joseph "Joey" Cantalupo was an American Mafia associate from the Colombo Crime Family and later for being government informant.

neg: Giuseppe Greco Giuseppe "Pino" Greco (4 January 1952 – September 1985) was a hitman and high-ranking member of the Sicilian Mafia. A number of sources refer to him exclusively as Pino Greco, although Giuseppe was his Christian name; "Pino" is a frequent abbreviation of the name Giuseppe.

neg: Gerard Ouimette Gerard Thomas Ouimette (March 6, 1940 – April 19, 2015), commonly known as the Frenchman, was an American mobster from Providence, Rhode Island who was a prominent associate of the Patriarca crime family. He served for years as one of Raymond L. S. Patriarca's lieutenants, and also headed his own faction of the Patriarca mob.

neg: Addiopizzo Addiopizzo (English: "Goodbye Pizzo" ) is a grassroots movement established in Sicily to build a community of businesses and consumers who refuse to pay "pizzo" – Mafia extortion money. It is a grassroots social-conscience motivated consumer movement analogous to Fair Trade. The group, led by a generation whose adolescence was characterized by the murders of anti-Mafia judges, journalists and businessmen, operates in the Palermo and Catania metropolitan area, traditionally a Mafia stronghold.

neg: Stefano Bontade Stefano Bontade (April 23, 1939 – April 23, 1981) was a powerful member of the Sicilian Mafia. He was commonly called "Bontade" but the actual surname is Bontate. He was the boss of the Santa Maria di Gesù Family in Palermo. He was also known as the "Prince of Villagrazia" − the area of Palermo he controlled − and "Il Falco" (the Falcon). He had links with several powerful politicians in Sicily with links to former prime minister Giulio Andreotti. In 1981 he was killed by the rival faction within Cosa Nostra, the Corleonesi. His death sparked a brutal Mafia War that left several hundred mafiosi dead.

neg: Philadelphia Greek Mob Philadelphia's Greek Mob, or the Greek Mafia, are a low-profile criminal organization of ethnic Greek Americans in Philadelphia with alleged connections to the Italian Philadelphia crime family. They were formed in southern Greece by the original boss Steve Kondonyanis. Kondonyanis also had strong ties with the Efthimiades family of Macedonia in Northern Greece. When the Efthimiades family was run out of power in the 1960s, Kondonyanis decided to move his operations to the culturally diverse America. When Kondonyanis was sentenced to jail to serve life for murder, mobster Chelsais Bouras took over.

neg: Anthony Trentacosta Anthony Trentacosta (September 12, 1940 - December 25, 2005), also known as "Tony Pep", was a New York mobster and Caporegime with the Gambino crime family who headed one of their factions in South Florida.

neg: Vito Genovese Vito "Don Vitone" Genovese (November 27, 1897 – February 14, 1969) was an Italian-American mobster who rose to power during Prohibition as an enforcer in the American Mafia. A long time associate of Charles Luciano, Genovese took part in the Castellammarese War and helped shape the rise of the Mafia and organized crime in the United States. He would later lead Luciano's crime family, which was renamed the Genovese crime family, for 12 years.

neg: Cesare Mori Cesare Mori (Pavia, December 22, 1871 – Udine, July 6, 1942) was a prefect ("prefetto") before and during the Fascist period in Italy. He is known in Italy as the "Iron Prefect" ("Prefetto di Ferro") because of his iron-fisted campaigns against the Mafia on Sicily in the second half of the 1920s.

neg: Franco Giuseppucci Franco Giuseppucci (March 3, 1947 – September 13, 1980) was one of the founders and bosses of the Banda della Magliana, an Italian criminal organization based in the city of Rome that was particularly active throughout the late 1970s until the early 1990s.

neg: Frank Monte Frank Monte (June 21, 1931 in South Philadelphia – May 13, 1982 in South Philadelphia) was a member of the Philadelphia crime family. When Nicodemo Scarfo became boss, he named Monte as his consigliere. When Harry Riccobene refused to accept Scarfo as boss, the "Riccobene War" ensued. In 1979 Testa, Salvatore (Chuckie) Merlino and Robert (Bobby) Lumio murdered 31-year-old drug dealer Michael (Coco) Cifelli. He was murdered for selling drugs to the son of Frank Monte, a capo from Cinnaminson Township, New Jersey. Frank served under Phil Testa and later Nicky Scarfo. He oversaw illegal gambling operations in Atlantic City and New Jersey for the crime family. Michael Cifelli was gunned down by Testa and Salvatore (Chuckie) Merlino as he was talking on the phone in a telephone booth just inside a bar, Priori's, at 10th and Wolf Streets in the Point Breeze neighborhood of Philadelphia. Monte was later promoted to be consigliere in 1981 by Nicky Scarfo. Monte was murdered by a sniper rifle in 1982 on the orders of Riccobene. When the killers were arrested, they agreed to cooperate with law enforcement for lighter prison sentences. The men testified for the prosecution that Riccobene ordered them to kill Monte. Riccobene was convicted of the murder on 1984 and sentenced to life in prison.

neg: Greenwich Village Crew The Greenwich Village Crew is a crew within the Genovese crime family, active in the Greenwich Village area of Manhattan. It was originally controlled by Don Vito Genovese from the early 1920s until his arrest in the late 1950s. In the early 1980s Capo Vincent Gigante, was made the "new boss" of the Genovese crime family. He continued to operate from and with the "Greenwich Village Crew" members. Today the crew is still active, but after the death of Dominick Canterino, it is uncertain who is controlling the crew.

neg: Philadelphia crime family The Philadelphia crime family, (pronounced ] ) also known as the Philadelphia Mafia, the Philly Mob/Mafia, the Bruno-Scarfo family, the South Philly Mob/Mafia, or the Philadelphia-South Jersey Mob/Mafia is an Italian American criminal organization based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Formed and based in South Philadelphia, the family primarily operates in various areas and neighborhoods throughout the Philadelphia metropolitan area and Delaware Valley, Southeastern Pennsylvania, and New Jersey, especially South Jersey. The Philadelphia family is notorious for its violence, due in particular to its succession of violent bosses and multiple mob wars.

neg: Corleonesi Mafia clan The Corleonesi are a faction within the Sicilian Mafia that dominated "Cosa Nostra" in the 1980s and the 1990s. The informal name "Corleonesi" was applied by the media and government because its most important leaders came from the town of Corleone, first Luciano Leggio and later Totò Riina, Leoluca Bagarella, Riina’s brother-in-law, and Bernardo Provenzano.

neg: Rizzuto crime family The Rizzuto family is a crime syndicate based in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The family territory covers most of southern Quebec and Ontario. The FBI considers the family to be connected to the Bonanno crime family, but Canadian law enforcement considers it to be a separate crime family. The Rizzuto family was part of the powerful Montreal Cotroni crime family until an internal war broke out and the Rizzutos formed their own organization.

neg: Giuseppe Genco Russo Giuseppe Genco Russo (Mussomeli, January 26, 1893 – Mussomeli, March 18, 1976) was an Italian mafioso, the boss of Mussomeli in the Province of Caltanissetta, Sicily.


query: What colony was established by the fleet accompanied by both George Bouchier Worgan and Watkin Tench?

pos: George Bouchier Worgan George Bouchier Worgan (May 1757 – 4 March 1838) was an English naval surgeon who accompanied the First Fleet to Australia. He made several expeditions to the Hawkesbury River and Broken Bay areas north of Sydney and spent a year on Norfolk Island after the Sirius was wrecked there. Worgan recorded many of the events of the first year of the colony of New South Wales. Unlike his contemporary Watkin Tench, he did not publish his account.

pos: Watkin Tench Watkin Tench (6 October 1758 – 7 May 1833) was a British marine officer who is best known for publishing two books describing his experiences in the First Fleet, which established the first settlement in Australia in 1788. His two accounts, "Narrative of the Expedition to Botany Bay" and "Complete Account of the Settlement at Port Jackson" provide an account of the arrival and first four years of the colony.

neg: Cyprian Southack Cyprian Southack (1662 – 27 March 1745) was an English cartographer and colonial naval commander. He commanded the "Province Galley", Massachusetts' one-ship navy (1696–1711) and commanded the first navy ship of Nova Scotia, the ship "William Augustus" (1721–23).

neg: Arthur Fleming Morrell Arthur Fleming Morrell (10 November 1788 – 13 September 1880) was British officer of the Royal Navy, an explorer, and a colonial administrator of Ascension Island, who saw service spanning the end of the Napoleonic era and well into the Victorian era.

neg: George Johnston (British Marines officer) Lieutenant-Colonel George Johnston (19 March 1764 – 5 January 1823) was briefly Lieutenant-Governor of New South Wales, Australia after leading the rebellion later known as the Rum Rebellion. After serving as a young marine officer in the American Revolutionary War, Johnston served in the East Indies, fighting against the French, before volunteering to accompany the First Fleet to New South Wales. After serving as adjutant to Governor Arthur Phillip, Johnston served in the New South Wales Corps and he was later a key figure in putting down the Castle Hill convict rebellion in 1804 and then the Rum Rebellion in 1808, the latter of which led to his court martial and subsequent cashiering from military service. In his later life, he returned to New South Wales as a private citizen, raising a family in the colony and establishing a successful farm around Annandale in Sydney.

neg: Darien scheme The Darien scheme was an unsuccessful attempt by the Kingdom of Scotland to become a world trading nation by establishing a colony called "Caledonia" on the Isthmus of Panama on the Gulf of Darién in the late 1690s. The aim was for the colony to have an overland route that connected the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. From the beginning it has been claimed historically that the undertaking was beset by poor planning and provisioning, divided leadership, a lack of demand for trade goods particularly caused by an English trade blockade, devastating epidemics of disease, collusion between the English East India Company and the English government, as well as a failure to anticipate the Spanish Empire's military response. It was finally abandoned in March 1700 after a siege by Spanish forces, which also blockaded the harbour.

neg: Cuper's Cove Cuper's Cove, on the southwest shore of Conception Bay on Newfoundland's Avalon Peninsula was an early English settlement in the New World, and the second one after Jamestown, Virginia to endure for longer than a year. It was established in 1610 by John Guy on behalf of Bristol's Society of Merchant Venturers, who had been given a charter by King James I of England to establish a colony on the island of Newfoundland. Most of the settlers left in the 1620s, but apparently a few stayed on and the site was continuously inhabited.

neg: Arthur Bowes Smyth Arthur Bowes Smyth (23 August 175031 March 1790) was a naval officer and surgeon on the First Fleet that established the colony of New South Wales. Smyth kept a diary and documented the natural history he encountered in Australia.

neg: William Pynchon William Pynchon (October 11, 1590 – October 29, 1662) was an English colonist and fur trader in North America best known as the founder of Springfield, Massachusetts, USA. He was also a colonial treasurer, original patentee of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, and the iconoclastic author of the New World's first banned book. An original settler of Roxbury, Massachusetts, Pynchon became dissatisfied with that town's notoriously rocky soil and in 1635, led the initial settlement expedition to Springfield, Hampden County, Massachusetts, where he found exceptionally fertile soil and a fine spot for conducting trade. In 1636, he returned to officially purchase its land, then known as "Agawam." In 1640, Springfield was officially renamed after Pynchon's home village, now a suburb of Chelmsford in Essex, England — due to Pynchon's grace following a dispute with Hartford, Connecticut's Captain John Mason over, essentially, whether to treat local natives as friends or enemies. (Pynchon was a man of peace and also very business-minded — thus he advocated for friendship with the region's natives.) Pynchon's stance led to Springfield aligning with the faraway government of the Massachusetts Bay Colony rather than the more geographically and ideologically compatible Connecticut Colony.

neg: Thomas Gardner (planter) Thomas Gardner (c. 1592 – 1674) was an Overseer of the "old planters" party of the Dorchester Company who landed in 1624 at Cape Ann to form a colony at what is now known as Gloucester. Gardner is considered by some to have been the first Governor of Massachusetts, due to his being in authority in the first settlement that became the Massachusetts Bay Colony (into which was later subsumed the Plymouth Colony).

neg: HMS Porpoise (1798) HMS "Porpoise" was built as a storeship to a commercial design by John Henslow (Surveyor of the Navy), launched in 1798 and purchased by the Royal Navy. The Navy commissioned her in July 1798 under Lieutenant Walter Scott. The ship was to carry a collection of trees and plants to Australia for Sir Joseph Banks and they were tended on board by George Suttor. A "garden cabin" 6 by 12 feet was built on the quarterdeck of the ship. After several abortive attempts to reach Australia the ship was condemned as unseaworthy, and the garden was transferred to the new HMS "Porpoise" .

neg: Neptune (1780 ship) Neptune was a three-decker East Indiaman launched in 1780 at Deptford. She made five voyages for the British East India Company (EIC), the last one transporting convicts to Port Jackson as one of the vessels of the notorious Second Fleet. This voyage resulted in a private suit against the master and chief officer for wrongful death. A fire and explosion in 1796 at Cape Town destroyed "Neptune".

neg: Elizabeth City (Virginia Company) Elizabeth City (or Elizabeth Cittie as it was then called) was one of four incorporations established in the Virginia Colony in 1619 by the proprietor, the Virginia Company of London, acting in accordance with instructions issued by Sir George Yeardley, Governor.

neg: Scarborough (1782 ship) Scarborough was a double-decked, three-masted, ship-rigged, copper-sheathed, barque that participated in the First Fleet, assigned to transport convicts for the European colonisation of Australia in 1788. Also, the British East India company (EIC) chartered "Scarborough" to take a cargo of tea back to Britain after her two voyages transporting convicts. She spent much of her career as a West Indiaman, trading between London and the West Indies, but did perform a third voyage in 1801-02 to Bengal for the EIC. In January 1805 she repelled a French privateer of superior force in a single-ship action, before foundering in April.

neg: Northeast Coast Campaign (1675) The Northeast Coast Campaign (1675) happened during the First Abenaki War (the northern theatre of King Philips War) and involved the Wabanaki Confederacy raiding English settlements along the New England/ Acadia border in present-day Maine. They killed eighty colonists and burned many farms, blunting the tide of English expansion. Settlers deserted community after community, leaving only the settlements south of the Saco River to maintain an Anglo presence in the region. Historian Georges Cerbelaud Salagnac writes, that Castine and the Abanaki “displayed consummate skill at it, holding in check at every point, from the Penobscot River to Salmon Falls, N.H., and even beyond, 700 regular troops, and even inflicting humiliating defeats upon them.”

neg: John Coggeshall John Coggeshall Sr. (1601 – 27 November 1647) was one of the founders of Rhode Island and the first President of all four towns in the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. He was a successful silk merchant in Essex, England, but he emigrated to the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1632 and quickly assumed a number of roles in the colonial government. In the mid-1630s, he became a supporter of dissident minister John Wheelwright and of Anne Hutchinson. Hutchinson was tried as a heretic in 1637, and Coggeshall was one of three deputies who voted for her acquittal. She was banished from the colony in 1638, and the three deputies who voted for her acquittal were also compelled to depart.

neg: Charlotina Charlotina was the suggested name for a popularly proposed British crown colony which was to be established in America following the end of the Seven Years' War, in which Great Britain had acquired a large portion of New France in 1763. However, the proposal was met with little official enthusiasm, as the British government's Royal Proclamation of 1763 forbade the creation of new colonies in the Mississippi and Ohio Valleys. Had such a colony been founded, it would have included the region lying west of the Maumee and Wabash rivers; north of the Ohio River; east of the upper Mississippi River; and south of the Great Lakes. These boundaries would include portions of modern-day Minnesota, Ohio, Indiana, and the entirety of Michigan, Illinois, and Wisconsin. Charlotina would have included modern-day cities such as Chicago, Milwaukee, Toledo, Detroit, Fort Wayne, and parts of Minneapolis and St. Paul.

neg: Henry Keppel Admiral of the Fleet Sir Henry Keppel (14 June 1809 – 17 January 1904) was a Royal Navy officer. His first command was largely spent off the coast of Spain, which was then in the midst of the First Carlist War. As commanding officer of the corvette HMS "Dido" on the East Indies and China Station he was deployed in operations during the First Opium War and in operations against Borneo pirates. He later served as commander of the naval brigade besieging Sebastopol during the Crimean War. After becoming second-in-command of the East Indies and China Station, he commanded the British squadron in the action with Chinese pirates at the Battle of Fatshan Creek when he sank around 100 enemy war-junks. He subsequently took part in the capture of Canton during the Second Opium War.

neg: Mayflower The Mayflower was an English ship that famously transported the first English Puritans, known today as the Pilgrims, from Plymouth, England to the New World in 1620. There were 102 passengers, and the crew is estimated to have been about 30, but the exact number is unknown. This voyage has become an iconic story in some of the earliest annals of American history, with its story of death and of survival in the harsh New England winter environment. The culmination of the voyage in the signing of the Mayflower Compact was an event which established a rudimentary form of democracy, with each member contributing to the welfare of the community. There was a second ship named "Mayflower" that made the London to Plymouth, Massachusetts voyage several times.

neg: HMS Discovery (1774) HMS "Discovery" was the consort ship of James Cook's third expedition to the Pacific Ocean in 1776–1780. Like Cook's other ships, "Discovery" was a Whitby-built collier originally named "Diligence" when she was built in 1774. Purchased in 1775, the vessel was measured at 299 tons burthen. Originally a brig, Cook had her changed to a full rigged ship. She was commanded by Charles Clerke, who had previously served on Cook's first two expeditions, and had a complement of 70. When Cook was killed in a skirmish with natives of Hawaii, Clerke transferred to the expedition's flagship HMS "Resolution" and John Gore assumed command of "Discovery". She returned to Britain under the command of Lieutenant James King, arriving back on 4 October 1780

neg: Kew Letters The Kew Letters (also known as the Circular Note of Kew) were a number of letters, written by stadtholder William V, Prince of Orange between 30 January and 8 February 1795 from the "Dutch House" at Kew Palace, where he temporarily stayed after his flight to England on 18 January 1795. The letters were written in his capacity of Captain-general of the Dutch Republic to the civil and military authorities in the provinces of Zeeland and Friesland (that had not yet capitulated at the time), to the officers commanding Dutch naval vessels in British harbours and to Dutch colonial governors. It urged them to continue resistance in cooperation with Great Britain against the armed forces of the French Republic that had invaded the Dutch Republic and forced him to flee to England. In particular the letters to the colonial governors played an important role, because they ordered them to surrender those colonies to the British "for safekeeping".

neg: Edward Hutchinson (mercer) Edward Hutchinson (c. 1564 - 1632) was a mercer and a resident of Lincolnshire, England, most noted for the careers of his children in New England. While his father and several of his uncles and brothers became prominent as clergymen, aldermen, sheriffs, and mayors in the city of Lincoln, Edward focused his efforts on his business after moving to the town of Alford. Remarkably, not a single record for him has been found in Alford, other than his burial and the baptisms of his 11 children, but he likely gained a considerable estate, and his children married into prominent families. What was most exceptional about Edward Hutchinson occurred following his 1632 death. Beginning in 1634, five of his nine surviving children and his widow immigrated to New England, and all six of them were exiled from the Massachusetts Bay Colony as a result of the events of the Antinomian Controversy from 1636 to 1638. From Boston two of his children went south and became founding settlers of the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, and three of them, with his widow, went north to establish Exeter in the Province of New Hampshire, and then proceeded to Wells, Maine. Because of their involvement in the controversy, his children had a disproportionately large role in the establishment of these new settlements in New England.