query: What was an American teen magazine that began in 1932, Mad or YM ?

pos: YM (magazine) YM was an American teen magazine that began in 1932. The magazine ceased publication in 2004.

pos: Mad (magazine) Mad (very often stylized as MAD) is an American humor magazine founded in 1952 by editor Harvey Kurtzman and publisher William Gaines, launched as a comic book before it became a magazine. It was widely imitated and influential, affecting satirical media, as well as the cultural landscape of the 20th century, with editor Al Feldstein increasing readership to more than two million during its 1974 circulation peak. As of January 2017, "Mad" has published 544 regular issues, as well as hundreds of reprint "Specials", original material paperbacks, compilation books and other print projects.

neg: List of Mad episodes This is a list of the episodes of "MAD", an animated sketch comedy television series inspired by "MAD Magazine" that aired on Cartoon Network.

neg: Giant (magazine) Giant (stylized as GIANT) was a men's magazine based in New York City geared to the urban music market. It began in October 2004 as a bimonthly publication catering to the interests of 20-something men, focusing on pop culture including reviews of video games, movies, fine tobacco, music, everyday happenings and celebrity interviews.

neg: Pop art Pop art is an art movement that emerged in the mid-1950s in Britain and the late 1950s in the United States. The movement presented a challenge to traditions of fine art by including imagery from popular and mass culture, such as advertising, comic books and mundane cultural objects. One of its aims is to use images of "popular" (as opposed to elitist) culture in art, emphasizing the banal or kitschy elements of any culture, most often through the use of irony. It is also associated with the artists' use of mechanical means of reproduction or rendering techniques. In pop art, material is sometimes visually removed from its known context, isolated, or combined with unrelated material.

neg: The Smart Set The Smart Set was an American literary magazine, founded by Colonel William d'Alton Mann and published from March 1900 to June 1930. During its heyday under the editorship of H. L. Mencken and George Jean Nathan, "The Smart Set" offered many up-and-coming authors their start and gave them access to a relatively large audience. Its headquarters was in New York City.

neg: Billboard (magazine) Billboard (stylized as billboard) is an American entertainment media brand owned by the Hollywood Reporter-Billboard Media Group, a division of Eldridge Industries. It publishes pieces involving news, video, opinion, reviews, events, and style. It is also known for its music charts, including the "Billboard" Hot 100 and "Billboard" 200, tracking the most popular singles and albums in different genres. It also hosts events, owns a publishing firm, and operates several TV shows. "Billboard" was founded in 1894 by William Donaldson and James Hennegan as a trade publication for bill posters. Donaldson later acquired Hennegen's interest in 1900 for $500.

neg: IT (XM) "IT: The History of Pop Music" is the name of a special program that XM Satellite Radio aired annually from 2002 to 2007, in which a majority of charted pop songs (and some non-charted songs) from the 1930s to the 2000s were aired in chronological order on seven of the platform's channels (The 40s on 4, The 50s on 5, The 60s on 6, The 70s on 7, The 80s on 8, The 90s on 9, and Pop2K (formerly XM Hitlist)). The special typically aired each summer or fall, starting on the '40s channel and continuing on each subsequent channel as the music hit each decade. The special took just over a month to complete. After completion, playlists for each of the channels were put on XM's website, with the songs listed in the order in which they were played (in 2007, one large list was put up on the website, with the songs organized by year, but in alphabetical order instead of chronological order).

neg: Playboy Playboy is an American men's lifestyle and entertainment magazine. It was founded in Chicago in 1953, by Hugh Hefner and his associates, and funded in part by a $1,000 loan from Hefner's mother. Notable for its centerfolds of nude and semi-nude models (Playmates), "Playboy" played an important role in the sexual revolution and remains one of the world's best-known brands, having grown into Playboy Enterprises, Inc., with a presence in nearly every medium. In addition to the flagship magazine in the United States, special nation-specific versions of "Playboy" are published worldwide.

neg: Ritam (Novi Sad magazine) Ritam (Serbian Cyrillic: "Ритам", trans. "Rhythm") was a Yugoslav music magazine. Although prior to the appearance of "Ritam" there were Yugoslav magazines dedicated to jazz, "Ritam", founded in 1962, was the first Yugoslav magazine which, besides jazz, dealt with rock and pop music, thus paving the way for rock magazines like "Džuboks" and "Pop Express".

neg: Funnies on Parade Funnies on Parade is an American publication of 1933 that was a precursor of comic books.

neg: Ugly Things Ugly Things ("UT") is a music magazine established in 1983, based in La Mesa, California. The editor is Mike Stax (born 1962 in England). The magazine covers mainly 1960s Beat, garage rock, and psychedelic music ("Wild Sounds From Past Dimensions"). The name "Ugly Things" is a pun that refers to the band The Pretty Things.

neg: Paul Coker Paul Coker (born Paul Coker, Jr., 1929 in Lawrence, Kansas) is an American illustrator. He has worked in many media, including "Mad", character design for Rankin-Bass TV specials, and advertising.

neg: John Putnam John Francis Putnam (June 21, 1917 – November 29, 1980) was the art director and designer of "Mad" from 1954 to 1980. "Until John came to us, "Mad" was just a comic book," said publisher Bill Gaines following Putnam's death. "He joined "Mad" as a $75 a week temporary employee, and was [in 1980] the oldest member of the staff both in terms of age and time with the magazine."

neg: Jack Davis (cartoonist) John Burton "Jack" Davis, Jr. (December 2, 1924 – July 27, 2016) was an American cartoonist and illustrator, known for his advertising art, magazine covers, film posters, record album art and numerous comic book stories. He was one of the founding cartoonists for "Mad" in 1952. His cartoon characters are characterized by extremely distorted anatomy, including big heads, skinny legs and extremely large feet.

neg: Vanity Fair (magazine) Vanity Fair is a magazine of popular culture, fashion, and current affairs published by Condé Nast in the United States.

neg: Angelo Torres Angelo Torres (born April 14, 1932 in Santurce, Puerto Rico) is an American cartoonist and caricaturist whose work has appeared in many comic books, as well as a long-running regular slot in "Mad".

neg: Motion Picture Magazine Motion Picture was an American monthly fan magazine about film, published from 1911 to 1977. It was the first fan magazine. It was later published by Macfadden Publications.

neg: Horror Stories (magazine) Horror Stories was an American pulp magazine that published tales of the supernatural, horror, and macabre. The first issue was published in January 1935, three years after the weird menace genre had begun with "Dime Mystery Magazine". "Horror Stories" was a sister magazine to "Terror Tales", whose first issue came out a year earlier. The title went on to become one of the major pulp magazines of the 1930s.

neg: Movie Crazy Movie Crazy is a 1932 American Pre-Code comedy film starring Harold Lloyd in his third sound feature.

neg: Harvey Kurtzman Harvey Kurtzman ( ; October 3, 1924 – February 21, 1993) was an American cartoonist and editor. His best-known work includes writing and editing the parodic comic book "Mad" from 1952 until 1956, and writing the "Little Annie Fanny" strips in "Playboy" from 1962 until 1988. His work is noted for its satire and parody of popular culture, social critique, and attention to detail. Kurtzman's working method has been likened to that of an auteur, and he expected those who illustrated his stories to follow his layouts strictly.

neg: Yes! (Hong Kong magazine) Yes! is a Hong Kong teen lifestyle magazine (ISSN 1560-6058  ) with a slogan "All-weather Youth Magazine" (). Founded by Joe Nieh () and Simon Siu () on 20 November 1990, it was originally a semimonthly magazine published on every 5th and 20th of each month and priced at HK$10. Later it was changed to be published on every Friday (officially published on Friday, but usually sold in various bookstalls and convenience stores on Thursday, depending on area) and priced at HK$12. It was mainly published with double cover, sometimes with triple cover (e.g. issues 965, 974), issues 975 and 1000 are with quadruple cover, and, rarely, with single cover (e.g., issue 971, 983, 984). Every issue is sold with an idol product as a gift (e.g. issue 953 and 966 are sold with an idol A4 folder). It ceased publication on 25 July 2014 (issue 1219).


query: What is the name of the company that was founded in 1894, that included country music artist T.G. Sheppard?

pos: You Still Do "You Still Do" is a song recorded by American country music artist T. G. Sheppard. It was released in October 1988 as the second single from his album "Crossroads". The song peaked at number 14 on the "Billboard" Hot Country Singles chart. The song was written by Casey Kelly and Lonnie Wilson.

pos: Billboard (magazine) Billboard (stylized as billboard) is an American entertainment media brand owned by the Hollywood Reporter-Billboard Media Group, a division of Eldridge Industries. It publishes pieces involving news, video, opinion, reviews, events, and style. It is also known for its music charts, including the "Billboard" Hot 100 and "Billboard" 200, tracking the most popular singles and albums in different genres. It also hosts events, owns a publishing firm, and operates several TV shows. "Billboard" was founded in 1894 by William Donaldson and James Hennegan as a trade publication for bill posters. Donaldson later acquired Hennegen's interest in 1900 for $500.

neg: Somewhere Down the Line "Somewhere Down the Line" is a song written by Lewis Anderson and Casey Kelly, recorded by American country music artist T.G. Sheppard. It was released in June 1984 as the third single from the album "Slow Burn". The song reached #3 on the "Billboard" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.

neg: Sony Music Sony Music Entertainment (known professionally as Sony Music and abbreviated as SME) is an American music company owned by Sony that is incorporated as a general partnership of Sony Music Holdings Inc. through Sony Entertainment Inc., a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America. The company was first founded in 1929 as American Record Corporation and renamed Columbia Recording Corporation in 1938, following its acquisition by the Columbia Broadcasting System. In 1966, the company was reorganized to become CBS Records. Sony Corporation bought the company in 1987 and renamed it Sony Music Entertainment in 1991.

neg: Australian Agricultural Company The Australian Agricultural Company (AA Co) is a company which serves to improve beef cattle production through responsible natural resource and land use. Founded in 1824 through an Act of the British Parliament, with the right to select 1000000 acre in New South Wales for agricultural development, it is one of Australia's oldest still-operating companies.

neg: J. H. Colton Joseph Hutchins Colton (July 5, 1800 – July 29, 1893), known professionally as J.H. Colton, founded an American mapmaking company which was an international leader in the map publishing industry between 1831 and 1890.

neg: SVP Worldwide SVP Worldwide is a private company that designs, manufactures, and distributes consumer sewing machines and accessories around the world under 3 brands: Singer, Husqvarna Viking, and Pfaff. SVP was the result of an acquisition of the Swedish VSM Group, which included the Husqvarna Viking and Pfaff brands, by American private equity firm Kohlberg & Company LLC, which owned the Singer brand. Management of SVP Worldwide is divided between the United States and Sweden. The company was founded in 2006 and is headquartered in Hamilton, Bermuda.

neg: The Walking Company The Walking Company, Inc., is a United States-based comfort footwear company and subsidiary of The Walking Company Holdings, Inc., that was founded in 1991 in Chatsworth, California.

neg: The Frye Company The Frye Company is an American boot manufacturer that, by its own accounts, is the oldest continuously operated shoe company in the United States.

neg: Cassidy's Ltd. Cassidy's Ltd. is a former Canadian company that specialized in restaurant equipment. Founded in 1801, it was Canada's third oldest company at the time of its closure in 2000. The older companies were Hudson's Bay Company and Molson. Founded in Montreal, Cassidy's began as an importer of fine china, later expanding into hotel and restaurant equipment as well as prison fittings. The business was headquartered in Toronto with warehouses in Toronto and Winnipeg.

neg: Alliance Rubber Company Alliance Rubber Company is a US manufacturer of rubber bands, founded by William H. Spencer in 1923 in Alliance, Ohio. The company sells its products to commercial stationers, newspapers, produce growers, the United States government, post offices, retailers, promotional products industry, and industrial packaging houses.

neg: Pullman Company The Pullman Car Company, founded by George Pullman, manufactured railroad cars in the mid-to-late 19th century through the early decades of the 20th century, during the boom of railroads in the United States. Its workers initially lived in a planned worker community (or "company town") named Pullman, Chicago. Pullman developed the sleeping car, which carried his name into the 1980s. Pullman did not just manufacture the cars: he also operated them on most of the railroads in the United States, paying railroad companies to couple the cars to trains. The labor union associated with the company, the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, which was founded and organized by A. Philip Randolph, was one of the most powerful African-American political entities of the 20th century. The company also built thousands of streetcars and trolley buses for use in cities.

neg: Federal Prison Industries Federal Prison Industries, also known as UNICOR and FPI, is a wholly owned United States government corporation created in 1934 as a prison labor program for inmates within the Federal Bureau of Prisons, and a component of the Department of Justice. It is headquartered in Yazoo County, Mississippi.

neg: Sinclair Oil Corporation Sinclair Oil Corporation is an American petroleum corporation, founded by Harry F. Sinclair on May 1, 1916, as the Sinclair Oil and Refining Corporation by combining the assets of 11 small petroleum companies. Originally a New York corporation, Sinclair Oil reincorporated in Wyoming in 1976. The corporation's logo features the silhouette of a large green dinosaur.

neg: Talon Zipper Talon Zipper is a company founded in 1893, originally as the Universal Fastener Company, in Chicago. They later moved to Hoboken, New Jersey, and finally to Meadville, Pennsylvania. It was in Meadville that the zipper as we know it was invented, until then they were producing hookless fasteners for boots and shoes. Here, the zipper was mass-produced beginning in the 1920s. The high demand for zippers created favorable conditions for the Talon Company, and so became Meadville's most crucial industry. The company encountered significant difficulties after it was absorbed by Textron industries in 1968, eventually ending up bankrupt. Today, nothing remains of Talon in Meadville except for a few run down buildings. However, as a result of the need for close tolerances and tool and die makers, a cottage industry of tool and die shops was established which resulted in Meadville being nicknamed Tool City with more tool shops per capita than any place else in the United States. Other early names included the Automatic Hook and Eye Company, and the Hookless Fastener Company.

neg: Universal Music Group Nashville Universal Music Group Nashville is Universal Music Group's country music subsidiary. Some of the labels in this group include MCA Nashville Records, Mercury Nashville Records, Lost Highway Records, Capitol Records Nashville and EMI Records Nashville. UMG Nashville not only handles these imprints, but also manages the country music catalogues of record labels Universal Music and predecessor companies acquired over the years including ABC Records, Decca Records, Dot Records, DreamWorks Records, Kapp Records, MGM Records and Polydor Records

neg: Tennessee Manufacturing Company The Tennessee Manufacturing Company is a complex of six historic buildings in Nashville, Tennessee, USA. They were built from 1869 to 1953. The company was founded by Samuel Morgan. The buildings have been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since June 25, 1999.

neg: C. L. Barnhouse Company The C. L. Barnhouse Company is an American music publishing firm. It was founded in 1886 by Charles Lloyd Barnhouse. It has been headquartered in Oskaloosa, Iowa since 1891.

neg: Grumbacher Grumbacher is an American manufacturer of art materials. The company offers products for artists including oil, water-miscible oil, watercolor and acrylic paints, as well as brushes and painting media. It was founded in 1905 by Max Grumbacher and was a subsidiary of the Sanford L.P., a Newell Rubbermaid company, until September 2006. It is now owned by Chartpak, Inc., headquartered in Leeds, Massachusetts.

neg: Taft-Peirce Manufacturing Company The Taft-Peirce Manufacturing Company was a pioneering sewing machine company established in 1875 at Woonsocket, Rhode Island, United States. As the sewing machine industry gradually commoditized, Taft-Peirce leveraged its toolmaking capabilities to become a supplier of gauges, such as various kinds of go/no go gauges, to the manufacturing industries, and a supplier of engineering and toolroom work on a contract basis. The company was dissolved on 6 October 1995.

neg: Globe-Trotter Globe-Trotter is an English manufacturer of luggage, founded in 1897.

neg: Kellogg Switchboard & Supply Company Kellogg Switchboard & Supply Company was a major manufacturer of telephone exchange equipment. It was founded in Chicago, Illinois, by Milo G. Kellogg, an electrical engineer. Along with Western Electric (who supplied the Bell system), Automatic Electric (who supplied General Telephone) and Stromberg-Carlson, it controlled the nation's supply of telephone equipment until after World War II.


query: What is the epic novel that Farmer Maggot is a part of?

pos: Farmer Maggot Farmer Maggot is a fictional character in J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth universe, introduced in "The Fellowship of the Ring". He lives on a farm called Bamfurlong in the Marish region of the Eastfarthing of the Shire. Edible mushrooms, highly prized among Hobbits, grow abundantly on his land, and Farmer Maggot often has to deal with other Hobbits stealing them, which is one reason he keeps a pack of large, fierce dogs.

pos: The Fellowship of the Ring The Fellowship of the Ring is the first of three volumes of the epic novel "The Lord of the Rings" by the English author J. R. R. Tolkien. It is followed by "The Two Towers" and "The Return of the King". It takes place in the fictional universe of Middle-earth. It was originally published on 29 July 1954 in the United Kingdom. The volume consists of a prologue titled "Concerning Hobbits, and other matters" followed by Book I and Book II.

neg: The Third Kingdom The Third Kingdom is the thirteenth novel in Terry Goodkind's epic fantasy series "The Sword of Truth", continuing the story arc started in the "The Omen Machine".

neg: Unferð In the Old English epic poem "Beowulf", Unferth or Hunferth is a thegn (a retainer, servant) of the Danish lord Hrothgar. His name appears four times in the poem (always spelled Hunferð), at lines 499, 530, 1165, and 1488, as well as in line 980 by the appellation "the son of Eclafes". The name "Unferth" does not appear in any Old English manuscript outside of the Nowell Codex, which contains "Beowulf", and the meaning of the name is disputed. Several scholarly theories about Unferth have been proposed. Unferth is also the name of a character in the modern novel "Grendel" by John Gardner, based upon the "Beowulf" epic.

neg: Moo (novel) Moo is a 1995 novel by Jane Smiley. Its setting is a large university, known familiarly as "Moo U" because of its large agricultural college, in the American Midwest. The novel is a satire that uses a sprawling narrative style, following the lives of dozens of characters over the course of the 1989-1990 academic year.

neg: Magnetes The Magnetes (Greek: Μάγνητες ) were an ancient Greek tribe. In book 2 of the "Iliad" Homer includes them in Greek Army that is besieging Troy, and identifies their homeland in Thessaly, in part of what is still known as Magnesia. They later also contributed to the Greek colonisation by founding two prosperous cities in Western Anatolia, Magnesia on the Maeander and Magnesia ad Sipylum.

neg: Moon of Israel (novel) Moon of Israel is a novel by Rider Haggard, first published in 1918 by John Murray. The novel narrates the events of the Biblical Exodus from Egypt told from the perspective of a scribe named Ana.

neg: İnce Memed İnce Memed is a series of four epic novels written by the Turkish novelist Yaşar Kemal. The novels follow the life of Memed, the only son of a poor widow who escapes from his village in the Anatolian landowners and transforms himself into a legendary, Robin Hood-like figure, championing the landless peasants of Anatolia in their struggle against their corrupt and greedy landowners.

neg: Hoggoth Hoggoth ( ) is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.

neg: Homer Homer (Ancient Greek: Ὅμηρος ] , "Hómēros") is the name ascribed by the ancient Greeks to the legendary author of the "Iliad" and the "Odyssey", two epic poems which are the central works of ancient Greek literature. The "Iliad" is set during the Trojan War, the ten-year siege of the city of Troy by a coalition of Greek states. It focuses on a quarrel between King Agamemnon and the warrior Achilles lasting a few weeks during the last year of the war. The "Odyssey" focuses on the journey home of Odysseus, king of Ithaca, after the fall of Troy.

neg: A Dance with Dragons A Dance with Dragons is the fifth of seven planned novels in the epic fantasy series "A Song of Ice and Fire" by American author George R. R. Martin. In some areas the paperback edition was published in two parts titled "Dreams and Dust" and "After the Feast". It was the first novel in the series to be published following the commencement of the HBO series adaptation, "Game of Thrones", and runs to 1,040 pages.

neg: Ruslan and Ludmila Ruslan and Ludmila (Russian: Руслан и Людмила; "Ruslan i Lyudmila" ) is a poem by Alexander Pushkin, published in 1820. It is written as an epic fairy tale consisting of a dedication (посвящение), six "cantos" (), and an epilogue (). It tells the story of the abduction of Ludmila, the daughter of Prince Vladimir of Kiev, by an evil wizard and the attempt by the brave knight Ruslan to find and rescue her.

neg: The Sword and the Circle The Sword and the Circle, King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table is a children's novel written by Rosemary Sutcliff and was first published in 1981. The story is a retelling of the story of King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table. According to her own statements in the introduction, "The Sword and the Circle" follows the myths and folktales of King Arthur, crediting inspiration primarily from Sir Thomas Malory's "Le Morte d'Arthur"; other sources include Geoffrey of Monmouth's "Historia Regum Britanniae", English ballads, and Irish folktales. She contrasts this telling of the King Arthur story with her previous novels, "The Lantern Bearers" and "Sword at Sunset", which were more an attempt to connect with a concrete historical figure behind the folktales.

neg: Inheritance Cycle The Inheritance Cycle is a young adult tetralogy of high fantasy novels written by American author Christopher Paolini. Set in the fictional world of Alagaësia ( ), the novels focus on the adventures of a teenage boy named Eragon and his dragon, Saphira, as they struggle to overthrow the evil king Galbatorix. The series was originally intended to be a trilogy (named the "Inheritance Trilogy") until Paolini announced on October 30, 2007, while working on the third novel, that he believed the story was too complex to conclude in just three books.

neg: The Sum of All Men The Sum of All Men is the first novel in David Farland's epic fantasy series The Runelords. First published in 1998, the novel has been printed under a number of names, including "The Sum of All Men", "The Runelords", and "The Runelords: The Sum of All Men".

neg: Aethiopis The Aethiopis or Aithiopis (Greek: Αἰθιοπίς , "Aithiopis"; Latin: "Aethiopis" ) is a lost epic of ancient Greek literature. It was one of the Epic Cycle, that is, the "Trojan" cycle, which told the entire history of the Trojan War in epic verse. The story of the "Aethiopis" comes chronologically immediately after that of the Homeric "Iliad", and is followed by that of the "Little Iliad". The "Aethiopis" was sometimes attributed by ancient writers to Arctinus of Miletus (see Cyclic poets). The poem comprised five books of verse in dactylic hexameter.

neg: Pan Tadeusz Pan Tadeusz (full title in English: "Sir Thaddeus, or the Last Lithuanian Foray: A Nobleman's Tale from the Years of 1811 and 1812 in Twelve Books of Verse"; Polish original: "Pan Tadeusz, czyli ostatni zajazd na Litwie. Historia szlachecka z roku 1811 i 1812 we dwunastu księgach wierszem") is an epic poem by the Polish poet, writer and philosopher Adam Mickiewicz. The book was first published in June 1834 in Paris, and is considered by many to be the last great epic poem in European literature.

neg: Farmer Boy Farmer Boy is a children's historical novel written by Laura Ingalls Wilder and published in 1933. It was the second-published one in the "Little House" series but it is not related to the first, which that of the third directly continues. Thus the latter, "Little House on the Prairie", is sometimes called the second one in the series, or the second volume of "the Laura Years".

neg: The Last Light of the Sun The Last Light of the Sun is a 2004 fantasy novel by Guy Gavriel Kay. Like many of his books, it is set in a world that draws heavily upon real times, events, places and people. In this particular book, the period is the Viking invasions of Saxon England. The story concerns a young Erling's attempt to prove himself as a warrior, his father's attempts to make amends for his mistakes, a young prince searching for revenge and a King's attempt to transform his realm into a more civilized one that will resist attacks from the Erlings forever.

neg: The Knight of the Sacred Lake The Knight of the Sacred Lake is a 2001 historical fantasy novel by Rosalind Miles. It was published in 2001 by Three Rivers Press in paperback. The book is a retelling of the Arthurian legend and follows the lives of Queen Guinevere, consort of King Arthur and her struggles with the king's nephews Agravain and Gawain; the queen is torn between her love for her husband, her land, and her lover, Lancelot. The book was part of a series, "The Guinevere Novels", and was followed by "The Child of the Holy Grail". Reviewing the book, Publishers Weekly described it as "a lush, feminist take on the English epic".

neg: The Earth is Enough The Earth is Enough is a novel by author Harry Middleton. The book chronicles Middleton's young life in the Ozark mountains, and was published in March 1995 by the Pruett Publishing Company.

neg: Iliupersis The Iliupersis (Greek: Ἰλίου πέρσις , "Iliou persis", "Sack of Ilium"), also known as The Sack of Troy, is a lost epic of ancient Greek literature. It was one of the Epic Cycle, that is, the "Trojan" cycle, which told the entire history of the Trojan War in epic verse. The story of the "Iliou persis" comes chronologically after that of the "Little Iliad", and is followed by the "Nostoi" ("Returns"). The "Iliou persis" was sometimes attributed by ancient writers to Arctinus of Miletus (see Cyclic poets). The poem comprised two books of verse in dactylic hexameter.


query: The Commissioner of Police heads up the largest disciplined service under the Security Bureau of Hong Kong, and reports to whom?

pos: Commissioner of Police (Hong Kong) The Commissioner of Police () heads the Hong Kong Police Force and reports to the Secretary for Security.

pos: Hong Kong Police Force The Hong Kong Police Force (HKPF) () is the largest disciplined service under the Security Bureau of Hong Kong. It is the world's second, and Asia's first, police agency to operate with a modern policing system. It was formed on 1 May 1844 by the British Hong Kong government with a strength of 32 officers. In 1969, Queen Elizabeth II granted the 'Royal' prefix and the HKPF became the "Royal Hong Kong Police Force", only to be removed in 1997 upon the transfer of sovereignty of Hong Kong to China.

neg: Timothy Tong Timothy Tong () born in 1950, is a former Commissioner, Independent Commission Against Corruption for the Independent Commission Against Corruption of Hong Kong. Prior to that, he was Commissioner of Customs and Excise for the Customs and Excise Department of Hong Kong.

neg: Hong Kong Police Band The Hong Kong Police Band (Abbreviation: HKPB; ) is a ceremonial unit and a military band of the Hong Kong Police Force and is used for official events. It was established in 1954 and initially performed with the Hong Kong Police Silver Band (formed in 1951). Both bands merged to form a single band and was later renamed the Royal Hong Kong Police Pipe Band. The Pipe Band colours is the MacIntosh tartan and was adopted in memory of a former Commissioner of Police, Mr Duncan William MacIntosh, after which the MacIntosh Forts were also named.

neg: Wardens of Sing Sing The Wardens of Sing Sing are appointed by the Commissioner of the Department of Corrections and Community Supervision.

neg: Independent Police Complaints Council The Independent Police Complaints Council (IPCC,) is a civilian body of the Government of Hong Kong, part of the two-tier system in which the Hong Kong Police Force investigates complaints made by the public against its members and the IPCC monitors those investigations.

neg: Garda Síochána An Garda Síochána (] ; meaning "the Guardian of the Peace"), more commonly referred to as the Gardaí or "the Guards" (] "Guardians"), is the police force of the Republic of Ireland. The service is headed by the Garda Commissioner who is appointed by the Irish Government. Its headquarters are in Dublin's Phoenix Park.

neg: New York City Police Commissioner The New York City Police Commissioner is the head of the New York City Police Department. The Commissioner is appointed by the Mayor, and serves at the Mayor's pleasure. The Commissioner is responsible for the day-to-day operation of the department as well as the appointment of deputies and subordinate officers. Commissioners are civilian administrators, and they and their subordinate deputies are civilians under an oath of office, not uniformed members of the force who are sworn officers of the law. There is a separate position of Chief of Department, the holder of which serves as the senior sworn uniformed member of the force.

neg: Environment, Transport and Works Bureau Environment, Transport and Works Bureau was formerly a policy bureau of the Government of Hong Kong. It was responsible for:

neg: Home Affairs Department The Home Affairs Department (HAD, ) is an executive agency in the government of Hong Kong responsible for internal affairs of the territory. It reports to the Home Affairs Bureau, headed by the Secretary for Home Affairs.

neg: Commissioner for Public Appointments The Commissioner for Public Appointments in England and Wales is a British public servant who heads the Office of the Commissioner for Public Appointments in England and Wales. They ensure that ministerial public appointments in the United Kingdom are made on merit.

neg: Security and Intelligence Division The Security and Intelligence Division (abbreviation: SID) is the external intelligence agency of Singapore responsible for gathering and analysing intelligence related to the country's external security. Although it is located within the Ministry of Defence, it has a certain independence in that it is not under the control of either of the Permanent Secretaries of Defence. It is also highly secretive as most of its personnel are known only to Singapore's top officials. The SID is led by a Director, who holds the rank of Permanent Secretary and reports directly to the Prime Minister's Office (PMO). Back in the 1970s, the Director reported directly to the Defence Minister. According to a 1975 article in "The Straits Times", the SID had the post of Deputy Director, which was held by Lim Chye Heng at the time. It is not known whether this post still exists.

neg: Environment Bureau The Environment Bureau () is an executive agency of the Government of Hong Kong responsible for developing policies in environmental protection, nature conservation; enforcing environmental legislation. This also includes monitoring environmental quality, energy efficiency, waste management, renewable energy development, regulatory oversight of the electricity sector in Hong Kong

neg: Jack Cater Sir Jack Cater, KBE, JP (; 21 February 1922 – 14 April 2006) was the Chief Secretary of Hong Kong from 1978 to 1981. Cater was the third Chief Secretary under the Governorship of Sir Murray MacLehose, later Lord MacLehose of Beoch. He is probably most noted for his role as the founding Commissioner of the Independent Commission Against Corruption of Hong Kong.

neg: Chandigarh Police The Chandigarh Police is the law enforcement agency for the Union Territory of Chandigarh in India. Chandigarh Police has its headquarters at sector 9 D, Chandigarh. The head of the state police is the Director General of Police (DGP). The current D.G.P. is Tajender Singh Luthra, IPS. The D.G.P. reports to the Administrator of U.T Chandigarh, who is the Governor of Punjab. Chandigarh has the highest police density as compared to all other states and Union Territories across India. s of 2015 , there are 5295.6 policemen per 100 km² area in Chandigarh.

neg: Superintendent of police (India) In India, a District Senior Superintendent of Police (SSP) or Superintendent of Police (SP) heads the police force of a district. In metropolitan areas having police commissionerate system (like in Delhi Police or Mumbai Police), the head of district police is called Deputy Commissioner of Police (DCP), and he holds the rank of a SP.

neg: National Public Safety Commission The National Public Safety Commission is the policy making and oversight body of the national police forces in Japan and South Korea.

neg: Wang Hsi-ling Vice-Admiral Wang Hsi-ling, also spelled Wang Shi-ling or Wong Hsi-ling, was the head of Republic of China (Taiwan) Ministry of National Defense's intelligence bureau and the highest-ranking officer in the Republic of China Armed Forces ever court-martialed.

neg: Garda Commissioner The Garda Commissioner (Irish: "Coimisinéir an Gharda Síochána" ) – officially known as the Commissioner of An Garda Síochána – is the head of the Garda Síochána, the national police service of Ireland. The Garda Commissioner is appointed by the Government of Ireland (cabinet), on the recommendation of the Minister for Justice and Equality. The Commissioner reports to the Minister for Justice and Equality, in charge of the Department of Justice and Equality, of which the Garda Síochána is a state agency. The Garda Commissioner sits on the Irish government's National Security Committee (NSC), and is responsible for Ireland's domestic state security apparatus.

neg: Peter Lai Peter Lai Hing-ling, JP was Secretary for Security of Hong Kong from 1995 to 1998, spanning the Handover of Hong Kong.

neg: Inspector-general of police An Inspector General of Police or Inspector-General of Police is a senior officer in the police force or police service of several nations. The rank usually refers to the head of a large regional command within a police service, and in many countries refers to the most senior officer of the entire national police.

neg: Secretary for Security The Secretary for Security () is the member of the Hong Kong Government in charge of the Security Bureau, which is responsible for public safety, security, and immigration matters.


query: Which 1957 American courtroom drama film starred Martin Balsam?

pos: Martin Balsam Martin Henry Balsam (November 4, 1919 – February 13, 1996) was an American character actor. He is best known for a number of renowned film roles, including detective Milton Arbogast in Alfred Hitchcock's "Psycho" (1960), Arnold Burns in "A Thousand Clowns" (1965) (for which he won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor), Juror #1 in "12 Angry Men" (1957), and Mr. Green in "The Taking of Pelham One Two Three" (1974), as well as for his role as Murray Klein in the television sitcom "Archie Bunker's Place" (1979–1983).

pos: 12 Angry Men (1957 film) 12 Angry Men is a 1957 American courtroom drama film adapted from a teleplay of the same name by Reginald Rose. Written and co-produced by Rose himself and directed by Sidney Lumet, this trial film tells the story of a jury made up of 12 men as they deliberate the guilt or acquittal of a defendant on the basis of reasonable doubt. In the United States, a verdict in most criminal trials by jury must be unanimous. The film is notable for its almost exclusive use of one set: out of 96 minutes of run time, only three minutes take place outside of the jury room.

neg: Nedrick Young Nedrick Young (March 23, 1914 – September 16, 1968), also known by the pseudonym Nathan E. Douglas, was a screenwriter often blacklisted during the 1950s and 1960s. He is credited with writing the screenplay for "Jailhouse Rock" in 1957, which starred Elvis Presley.

neg: The Barretts of Wimpole Street (1957 film) The Barretts of Wimpole Street is a 1957 Metrocolor CinemaScope film originating from the United Kingdom, and was a re-make of the earlier 1934 version by the same director, Sidney Franklin. Both films are based on the play "The Barretts of Wimpole Street" by Rudolf Besier. The screenplay for the 1957 film is credited to John Dighton, although Franklin used exactly the same script for the second movie as he did for the first. The film, set in the early 19th century, stars Jennifer Jones, John Gielgud, and Bill Travers.

neg: Escape from Red Rock Escape from Red Rock is a 1957 American Western film written and directed by Edward Bernds. The film stars Brian Donlevy, Eilene Janssen, Gary Murray, Jay C. Flippen, William Edward Phipps and Myron Healey. The film was released in December 1957, by 20th Century Fox.

neg: The 27th Day The 27th Day is a 1957 American black-and-white science fiction film from Columbia Pictures, produced by Helen Ainsworth, directed by William Asher, that stars Gene Barry, Valerie French, George Voskovec, and Arnold Moss. The screenplay by John Mantley is based on his 1956 original science fiction novel of the same name.

neg: A Face in the Crowd (film) A Face in the Crowd is a 1957 American drama film starring Andy Griffith, Patricia Neal and Walter Matthau, directed by Elia Kazan. The screenplay was written by Budd Schulberg, based on his short story "Your Arkansas Traveler", from the collection, "Some Faces in the Crowd" (1953).

neg: The Judge (1960 film) The Judge (Swedish: Domaren ) is a 1960 Swedish drama film directed by Alf Sjöberg. It is based on the 1957 play "Domaren" by Vilhelm Moberg. It was entered into the 1961 Cannes Film Festival.

neg: Bailout at 43,000 Bailout at 43,000 is a 1957 American drama film directed by Francis D. Lyon and written by Paul Monash. The film stars John Payne, Karen Steele, Paul Kelly, Richard Eyer, Constance Ford and Eddie Firestone. The film was released on May 1, 1957, by United Artists.

neg: The Ride Back The Ride Back is a 1957 American Western film directed by Allen H. Miner and written by Antony Ellis. The film stars Anthony Quinn, William Conrad, Lita Milan, Victor Millan and Jorge Trevino and was produced by Conrad. It was released on April 29, 1957, by United Artists.

neg: Boyd Q.C. Boyd Q.C. is a British legal television programme transmitted from December 1956 to 1964 by the ITV franchise holder Associated-Rediffusion. It focused around a barrister in a London courtroom and the cases in which he was involved. It ran for seven series in total.

neg: Accused (1958 TV series) Accused is a 1958 dramatized court show consisting of filmed reenactments of actual court cases. The show was cancelled at the end of its first season.

neg: Night of the Demon Night of the Demon is a 1957 British horror film directed by Jacques Tourneur, starring Dana Andrews, Peggy Cummins and Niall MacGinnis. It is adapted from the M. R. James story "Casting the Runes" (1911). The plot revolves around an American psychologist investigating a satanic cult suspected of more than one murder.

neg: No Road Back No Road Back is a 1957 British crime film directed by Montgomery Tully.

neg: World in My Corner World in My Corner is a 1956 film noir drama sport film directed by Jesse Hibbs starring Audie Murphy and Barbara Rush. It was one of the few non-Westerns Murphy made in his career.

neg: The Quiet Gun The Quiet Gun is a 1957 American Western film directed by William F. Claxton and written by Eric Norden and Earle Lyon. The film stars Forrest Tucker, Mara Corday, Jim Davis, Kathleen Crowley, Lee Van Cleef and Hank Worden. It is based on the 1955 novel "Lawman" by Lauran Paine. The film was released in January 1957, by 20th Century Fox.

neg: God Is My Partner God Is My Partner is a 1957 American drama film directed by William F. Claxton and written by Charles F. Royal. The film stars Walter Brennan, John Hoyt, Marion Ross, Jesse White, Nelson Leigh and Charles Lane. The film was released in July 1957, by 20th Century Fox. It cost $150,000 and returned more than $750,000.

neg: Spanish Affair Spanish Affair is a 1957 American-Spanish co-produced drama film directed by Don Siegel and Luis Marquina. It featured Carmen Sevilla, Richard Kiley and José Guardiola.

neg: Life Begins at 17 Life Begins at 17 is a 1958 American film starring Mark Damon, Edd Byrnes and Luana Anders.

neg: Konec jasnovidce Konec jasnovidce is a 1957 Czechoslovak film. The film starred Josef Kemr.

neg: Bal Tabarin (film) Bal Tabarin is a 1952 American drama film directed by Philip Ford and written by Houston Branch. The film stars Muriel Lawrence, William Ching, Claire Carleton, Steve Brodie, Steven Geray and Carl Milletaire. The film was released on June 1, 1952, by Republic Pictures.

neg: Johnny Trouble Johnny Trouble is a 1957 American drama film directed by John H. Auer and written by Charles O'Neil and David Lord. The film stars Ethel Barrymore, Cecil Kellaway, Stuart Whitman, Carolyn Jones, Jesse White and Rand Harper. The film was released by Warner Bros. on September 24, 1957.


query: What is the nationality of the football league system that Nicolai Poulsen plays in?

pos: Nicolai Poulsen Nicolai Poulsen (born 15 August 1993) is a Danish footballer who currently plays as a midfielder for Sarpsborg 08 in the Eliteserien.

pos: Eliteserien (football) Eliteserien (] ) is a Norwegian professional league for association football clubs. At the top of the Norwegian football league system, it is the country's primary football competition.

neg: Barrow A.F.C. Barrow Association Football Club is an association football club based in the town of Barrow-in-Furness, Cumbria, England. The club participates in the National League, the fifth tier of the English league system. Barrow play their home games at Holker Street, (currently sponsored as the "Furness Building Society Stadium"), close to the town centre and approximately 547 yds (0.5 km) from Barrow Railway Station.

neg: Serbian football league system The Serbian football league system is a series of interconnected leagues for association football clubs in Serbia. The system has a hierarchical format with promotion and relegation between leagues at different levels.

neg: Nagaland Premier League Nagaland Premier League (or NPL) is the top division football league in the Indian state of Nagaland.

neg: Isle of Man football league system The Isle of Man football league system comprises two connected leagues for football clubs in the Isle of Man, the Premier League and Division Two. The system has a hierarchical format with promotion and relegation between the two leagues. There are currently 26 clubs who are members of a league in the Isle of Man men's football league system, split into two divisions of 13 clubs each.

neg: Eerste Klasse The Eerste Klasse (English: First Class ) is the 6th tier of football in the Netherlands. The league is divided into eleven divisions, five for Saturday clubs and six for Sunday clubs. These divisions correspond to the six districts of the Royal Dutch Football Association: each district organises a Saturday competition and a Sunday competition, except for South II, which only has a Sunday competition.

neg: Oberliga Nord (1947–63) The Oberliga Nord (English: Premier league North ) was the highest level of the German football league system in the north of Germany from 1947 until the formation of the Bundesliga in 1963. It covered the states of Lower Saxony, Bremen, Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein.

neg: Swedish Football Division 4 Division 4 is the sixth level in the league system of Swedish football and comprises 39 sections with 8 to 12 football teams in each.

neg: Christopher Poulsen Christopher Poulsen (born September 11, 1981) is a Danish professional football player, who plays as left back. He previously played for Superliga clubs Silkeborg IF and FC Midtjylland.

neg: Northern Football League The Northern League is a men's football league in north east England for semi-professional and amateur teams. Having been founded in 1889, it is the second-oldest surviving football league in the world after the English Football League.

neg: 1996 Tippeligaen The 1996 Tippeligaen is the highest football league in Norway. 26 games are played with 3 points given for wins and 1 for draws. Number twelve, thirteen and fourteen are relegated. The winners of the two groups of the first division are promoted, as well as the winner of a play-off match between the two second placed teams in the two groups of the first division. This was the last time the first division was organized into two groups - from 1997 and onwards the first division has had all teams play in the same league.

neg: Oliver Feldballe Nicolai Oliver Feldballe Petersen (born 3 April 1990), known as Oliver Feldballe, is a Danish footballer who plays for BK Marienlyst in the Danish 2nd Division.

neg: Kim Poulsen Kim Poulsen (born March 22, 1959) is a Danish football (soccer) manager, who most recently managed Silkeborg IF. He most notably guided Viborg FF to the 2000 Danish Cup.

neg: 2016–17 Lyngby Boldklub season Lyngby Boldklub (Danish pronunciation: [ˈlyːŋby]) is a professional Danish football club founded in 1921. It is based at Lyngby Stadion in Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.During the 2016/17 campaign they will be competing in the following competitions:Superliga, DBU Pokalen.

neg: Football League (Greece) The Football League, known for sponsorship reasons as the Stoiximan.gr Football League (after gambling website Stoiximan.gr), is the second highest professional football league in Greece, being a feeder-league to the top-level Superleague Greece.

neg: Scottish football league system The Scottish football league system is a series of generally unconnected leagues for Scottish football clubs. The Scottish system is more complicated than many other national league systems, consisting of several completely separate systems or 'grades' of leagues and clubs, with Senior football, Junior football, and beneath these Amateur and Welfare football.

neg: Swedish Football Division 7 Division 7 is the ninth level in the league system of Swedish football and comprises 47 sections with 9 to 12 football teams in each.

neg: Blackpool F.C. (South Africa) Blackpool F.C. are a South African football franchise based in Gauteng. The club is owned by businessman Takalani Rabali, who previously worked for Limpopo United F.C.. Rabali purchased a franchise licence for the Gauteng stream of the Vodacom League and the club was created in 2010. Rabali felt it would be easier to promoted from the Gauteng stream of the Vodacom League than the stronger Limpopo stream.

neg: Hungarian football league system The Hungarian football league system is a series of connected leagues for club football in Hungary. This system has hierarchical format with promotion and relegation between leagues at different levels.

neg: Montenegrin football league system The Montenegrin football league system is a series of connected leagues for club football in Montenegro. This system has hierarchical format with promotion and relegation between leagues at different levels.

neg: Northern Ireland football league system The Northern Ireland football league system is categorised into three levels: senior, intermediate and junior. Clubs attain intermediate status by fulfilling certain criteria (e.g. owning or leasing its own enclosed ground). Senior status requires clubs to reach stricter criteria. National leagues exist at senior and intermediate level. All junior leagues and some intermediate are organised on a regional basis.


query: What actor who received four Academy Award nominations starred with Sally Field in Back Roads?

pos: Back Roads (film) Back Roads is a 1981 American romantic comedy film starring Sally Field and Tommy Lee Jones. It is directed by Martin Ritt. It got middling reviews and grossed $11 million at the box office. This was the first film produced by CBS Theatrical Films (a short lived film production branch of CBS). The movie was distributed by Warner Bros.

pos: Tommy Lee Jones Tommy Lee Jones (born September 15, 1946) is an American actor and filmmaker. He has received four Academy Award nominations, winning Best Supporting Actor for his performance as U.S. Marshal Samuel Gerard in the 1993 thriller film "The Fugitive".

neg: John Lithgow John Arthur Lithgow ( ; born October 19 , 1945) is an American actor, musician, singer, comedian, voice actor, and author. He has received two Tony Awards, six Emmy Awards, two Golden Globe Awards, three Screen Actors Guild Awards, an American Comedy Award, four Drama Desk Awards and has also been nominated for two Academy Awards and four Grammy Awards. Lithgow has received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and has been inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame.

neg: Jack Grinnage Jack Grinnage (born January 20, 1931) is an American actor with a film and television career spanning seven decades. Born in Los Angeles, Grinnage made his first television appearances in 1954. The following year, he played as Moose – one of three teenage rebels who chase James Dean – in "Rebel Without a Cause" (1955). "Rebel Without a Cause" was his first movie where he received a screen credit.

neg: Ralph Bellamy Ralph Rexford Bellamy (June 17, 1904 – November 29, 1991) was an American actor whose career spanned 62 years on stage, screen and television. During his career, he played leading roles as well as supporting roles, garnering acclaim and awards, including an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor for "The Awful Truth" (1937).

neg: Jeff Bridges Jeffrey Leon Bridges (born December 4, 1949) is an American actor, singer and producer. He comes from a prominent acting family and appeared on the television series "Sea Hunt" (1958–60), with his father, Lloyd Bridges and brother, Beau Bridges. He won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his role as Otis "Bad" Blake in the 2009 film "Crazy Heart", and earned Academy Award nominations for his roles in "The Last Picture Show" (1971), "Thunderbolt and Lightfoot" (1974), "Starman" (1984), "The Contender" (2000), "True Grit" (2010), and "Hell or High Water" (2016). His other films include "Tron" (1982), "Jagged Edge" (1985), "The Fabulous Baker Boys" (1989), "The Fisher King" (1991), "Fearless" (1993), "The Big Lebowski" (1998), "Seabiscuit" (2003), "Iron Man" (2008), "" (2010), and "The Giver" (2014).

neg: Luther Adler Luther Adler (May 4, 1903 – December 8, 1984) was an American actor best known for his work in theatre, but who also worked in film and television. He also directed plays on Broadway.

neg: Ingrid Bergman Ingrid Bergman (] ; 29 August 191529 August 1982) was a Swedish actress who starred in a variety of European and American films. She won three Academy Awards, two Emmy Awards, four Golden Globe Awards, a BAFTA Award, and the Tony Award for Best Actress. She is best remembered for her roles as Ilsa Lund in "Casablanca" (1942) and as Alicia Huberman in "Notorious" (1946), an Alfred Hitchcock thriller starring Cary Grant and Claude Rains.

neg: Robert Patrick Robert Hammond Patrick Jr. (born November 5, 1958) is an American actor, perhaps best known for his portrayals of villainous characters. He is a Saturn Award winner with four nominations.

neg: Four Friends (1981 film) Four Friends is a 1981 American Comedy-drama film directed by Arthur Penn. The semi-autobiographical screenplay by Steve Tesich follows the path of the title characters from high school to college during the often turbulent 1960s and beyond. The cast features Craig Wasson, Jodi Thelen, Jim Metzler and Glenne Headly.

neg: The Ride Back The Ride Back is a 1957 American Western film directed by Allen H. Miner and written by Antony Ellis. The film stars Anthony Quinn, William Conrad, Lita Milan, Victor Millan and Jorge Trevino and was produced by Conrad. It was released on April 29, 1957, by United Artists.

neg: Bess Armstrong Elizabeth Key "Bess" Armstrong (born December 11, 1953) is an American film, stage and television actress. She is best known for her roles in films "The Four Seasons" (1981), "High Road to China" (1983), "Jaws 3-D" (1983), and "Nothing in Common" (1986). Armstrong also starred in the critically acclaimed ABC drama series "My So-Called Life" and had lead roles in a number of made-for-television films.

neg: Nicholas Field Nicholas Field was a British actor of the 1970s and early 1980s. He was probably best known for his role as the doctor in "What's Up Nurse!" (1977). He also appeared in "Lady Caroline Lamb" (1973), "The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes" (1984), and the TV mini-series "The Fortunes of Nigel" (1974). In 1975 he made an appearance in the "Tonight and Every Night" episode of "Z Cars".

neg: Sylvia Miles Sylvia Miles is an American film, stage and television actress, twice nominated for an Academy Award.

neg: Tom Cruise filmography Tom Cruise is an American actor and producer who made his film debut with a minor role in the 1981 romantic drama "Endless Love". Two years later he made his breakthrough by starring in the romantic comedy "Risky Business" (1983), which garnered Cruise his first nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy. In 1986, Cruise played a fighter pilot in the Tony Scott-directed action drama "Top Gun" (the highest-grossing film that year), and also starred opposite Paul Newman in the Martin Scorsese-directed drama "The Color of Money". Two years later he played opposite Dustin Hoffman in the Academy Award for Best Picture-winning drama "Rain Man" (1988), and also appeared in the Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Picture-winning romantic drama "Cocktail" (1988). In doing so Cruise became the first and only person as of 2014 to star in a Best Picture Oscar winner and a Worst Picture Razzie winner in the same year. His next role was as anti-war activist Ron Kovic in the drama adaptation of Kovic's memoir of the same name, "Born on the Fourth of July" (1989). For his performance Cruise received the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama and his first nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor.

neg: Warren Oates Warren Mercer Oates (July 5, 1928 – April 3, 1982) was an American actor best known for his performances in several films directed by Sam Peckinpah, including "The Wild Bunch" (1969) and "Bring Me the Head of Alfredo Garcia" (1974). He starred in numerous films during the early 1970s that have since achieved cult status, such as "The Hired Hand" (1971), "Two-Lane Blacktop" (1971), and "Race with the Devil" (1975). Oates also portrayed John Dillinger in the biopic "Dillinger" (1973) and as the supporting character U.S. Army Sergeant Hulka in the military comedy "Stripes" (1981), starring Bill Murray.

neg: Basil Hoffman Basil Harry Hoffman (born January 18, 1938) is an American actor. He has had a film and TV career spanning five decades mostly in supporting roles. He has starred in films with many award-winning directors, including Alan Pakula and Robert Redford. He has also authored two books about acting, including "Acting and How to Be Good at It".

neg: Robert Downey Jr. filmography Robert Downey Jr. is an American actor who has acted in numerous films and television series. In the 1980s, he was considered a member of the Brat Pack after appearing in the films "Weird Science" with Anthony Michael Hall (1985), "Back to School" with Rodney Dangerfield (1986), "Less Than Zero" with Andrew McCarthy (1987), and "Johnny Be Good" again with Hall (1988). Downey also starred in the films "True Believer" (1989) and "Chances Are" (1989), and was a regular cast member on the late-night variety show "Saturday Night Live" in 1985.

neg: Adam Driver Adam Douglas Driver (born November 19, 1983) is an American actor. He rose to prominence in the supporting role of Adam Sackler in the HBO comedy-drama series "Girls" (2012–2017), for which he received three consecutive nominations for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series. He made his Broadway debut in "Mrs. Warren's Profession" (2010). In 2011, he returned to Broadway in "Man and Boy" and made his feature film debut in "J. Edgar".

neg: Roaring Roads Roaring Roads is a 1935 American film directed by Charles E. Roberts.

neg: Eddy Chandler Eddy Chandler (March 12, 1894 – March 23, 1948) was an American actor who appeared, mostly uncredited, in more than 300 films. Three of these films won the Academy Award for Best Picture: "It Happened One Night" (1934), "You Can't Take It with You" (1938), and "Gone with the Wind" (1939). Chandler was born in the small Iowa city of Wilton Junction and died in Los Angeles.

neg: A Foreign Field A Foreign Field is a 1993 British made-for-television film about British and American Second World War veterans returning to the beaches of Normandy as old men. It is more a drama than a comedy, although it combines aspects of both. It was directed by Charles Sturridge and featured an ensemble cast of American, Australian, British, and French actors and actresses. The title evokes the Rupert Brooke poem "The Soldier".


query: The movie franchise in which Bruce Davidson plays antagonist Senator Robert Kelly is based on a superhero team appearing in what company's comic books?

pos: Bruce Davison Bruce Davison (born June 28, 1946) is an American actor and director. Davison is well known for his starring role in the cult horror film "Willard" (1971), as well as his Academy Award-nominated and Golden Globe-winning performance in "Longtime Companion" (1989). He featured prominently in the X-Men film franchise – through "X-Men" (2000) and "X2" (2003) – as antagonist Senator Robert Kelly.

pos: X2 (film) X2 (often promoted as X2: X-Men United and internationally as X-Men 2) is a 2003 American superhero film based on the X-Men superhero team appearing in Marvel Comics. It is the sequel to 2000's "X-Men", and the second installment in the "X-Men" film series. The film was directed by Bryan Singer, written by Michael Dougherty, Dan Harris, and David Hayter, and features an ensemble cast including Hugh Jackman, Patrick Stewart, Ian McKellen, Halle Berry, Famke Janssen, James Marsden, Rebecca Romijn-Stamos, Brian Cox, Alan Cumming, Bruce Davison, Shawn Ashmore, Aaron Stanford, Kelly Hu, and Anna Paquin. The plot, inspired by the graphic novel "", pits the X-Men and their enemies, the Brotherhood, against the genocidal Colonel William Stryker (Brian Cox). He leads an assault on Professor Xavier's school to build his own version of Xavier's mutant-tracking computer Cerebro, in order to destroy every mutant on Earth and to save the human race from them.

neg: Just'a Lotta Animals Just'a Lotta Animals is a fictional superhero team that appeared in stories published by DC Comics. The team is an anthropomorphic funny animal parody of the Justice League of America.

neg: Riot Squad (comics) Riot Squad is a fictional supervillain team appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. They are often depicted as enemies of Hulk.

neg: Liberty Legion The Liberty Legion is a fictional superhero team appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The team was first created in 1976 and set during World War II. Composed of existing heroes from Marvel's 1940s Golden Age of Comic Books predecessor, Timely Comics, the team was assembled and named by writer Roy Thomas in a story arc running through "The Invaders" #5–6 (March & May 1976) and "Marvel Premiere" #29–30 (April & June 1976). Inspired by the "Liberty Legion", a second fictional team called the "Liberteens" was published in 2007 as part of the .

neg: Pacific Overlords The Pacific Overlords is a fictional supervillain team appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The team consisted largely of humans mutated by Doctor Demonicus.

neg: Agents of Atlas Agents of Atlas is a fictional superhero team appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. It is composed of characters originally appearing in unrelated stories published in the 1950s by Marvel's predecessor company, Atlas Comics.

neg: Cavalry (comics) The Cavalry is a fictional superhero team appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The team has appeared in publications in particular those associated with The Avengers. The group of heroes first appear as the official Georgia Fifty State Initiative team.

neg: Legion of Monsters Legion of Monsters is the name of different superhero teams in Marvel Comics.

neg: Black Talon (comics) The Black Talon is the name of a number of fictional supervillains appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.

neg: Detroit Steel Detroit Steel is a fictional suit of powered armor appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The armor is usually depicted as an adversary or rival to Iron Man. Created by writer Matt Fraction and artist Salvador Larocca, Detroit Steel first appeared in "Iron Man" (vol 5) #25 (June 2010) as part of the "Stark Resilient" storyline. Detroit Steel is the first of the Detroit Steelcorps (or simply the Steelcorps), a line of armored soldiers marketed by Hammer Industries. Principal characters in storylines that have worn the armor include Lt. Doug Johnson III and Sasha Hammer. Individual soldiers wearing the Detroit Steel armor have been called Steelmechs (or Hammermechs).

neg: Madmen The Madmen are a team of villains in the DC Comics. They were originally owned by Charlton Comics, but DC later acquired the rights to the characters.

neg: Professor Night Professor Night is a fictional character created by Alan Moore in the "Supreme" comic book, wherein most heroes and villains are thinly disguised counterparts of DC icons. Although his name is derivative of Doctor Mid-Nite, the character is otherwise clearly intended be a counterpart of Batman. Professor Night works with Supreme both in a semi-regular partnership (a la "World's Finest Comics)" and as fellow founding members of the Allied Supermen of America, and its successor, the Allies (counterparts to the Justice Society of America and Justice League). He first appeared in "Supreme" vol. 3 #43.

neg: Harley Quinn Harley Quinn (Harleen Frances Quinzel) is a fictional supervillain and occasionally antihero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The character was created by Paul Dini and Bruce Timm, and first appeared in "" in September 1992. She later appeared in DC Comics' Batman comic books, with the character's first comic book appearance in "The Batman Adventures" #12 (Sept. 1993).

neg: Roxxon Energy Corporation Roxxon Energy Corporation (also known as Roxxon, formerly known as Roxxon Oil Company) is the name of a fictional massive petroleum corporation appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The company is depicted as having been run by various owners.

neg: Man of Steel (film) Man of Steel is a 2013 superhero film featuring the DC Comics character Superman. It is a British-American venture produced by Legendary Pictures, DC Entertainment, Syncopy Inc., and Cruel and Unusual Films, and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. It is the first installment in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU). The film is directed by Zack Snyder, written by David S. Goyer, and stars Henry Cavill, Amy Adams, Michael Shannon, Kevin Costner, Diane Lane, Laurence Fishburne, Antje Traue, Ayelet Zurer, Christopher Meloni, and Russell Crowe. "Man of Steel" is a reboot of the "Superman" film series that retells the character's origin story. In the film, Clark Kent learns that he is a superpowered alien from the planet Krypton and assumes the role of mankind's protector as Superman, but finds himself having to prevent General Zod from destroying humanity.

neg: Super-Villain Team-Up Super-Villain Team-Up is the name of two American comic book series published by Marvel Comics. Both series featured supervillains as the protagonists.

neg: Emissaries of Evil The Emissaries of Evil is a name used by three different fictional teams of supervillains appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.

neg: Acolytes (comics) The Acolytes is a team of fictional mutant supervillains appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The Acolytes followed the principles of the mutant Magneto, particularly the mutant right of superiority over normal humans. Some members of the Acolytes even worshipped him with a religious fervor and regarded him as the “mutant messiah.”

neg: Ultraforce The Ultraforce is a fictional superhero group that appears in comic books published by Malibu, and later Marvel, as well as an animated series produced by DIC. Their purpose was to protect the public and keep other Ultras from getting out of line. The membership consisted of various "ultras" (superheroes) in Malibu's Ultraverse, including the super-strong Prime; Topaz, warrior queen of Gwendor; Prototype, Ultra-Tech's armored spokesperson; the undead Ghoul, the last surviving member of the Exiles; Hardcase, one of the first public Ultras; and the mysterious Contrary, who organized the team and provided their technology.

neg: Sinister Syndicate The Sinister Syndicate is a fictional group of supervillains appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The characters serve as a collection of lesser-known Spider-Man villains. It was the focus of the 1991 "Deadly Foes of Spider-Man" mini-series.

neg: Mojo (comics) Mojo is a fictional character, a supervillain appearing in books published by Marvel Comics, usually those featuring the X-Men family of characters. Created by writer Ann Nocenti and artist Arthur Adams, Mojo first appeared in "Longshot" #4 (December 1985), as the titular hero's archenemy, and subsequently a villain to the X-Men and their various sub-groups as well.


query: Which co-founder of Garmin Ltd. was born in Lenexa, Kansas and has a  personal wealth estimated at $3 billion?

pos: Garmin Garmin Ltd. (shortened to Garmin, stylized as GARMIN, and formerly known as ProNav) is an American multinational technology company founded by Gary Burrell and Min Kao in 1989 in Lenexa, Kansas, United States, with headquarters located in Olathe, Kansas.

pos: Min Kao Min H. Kao () is a Taiwanese-born American electrical engineer, businessman and philanthropist. He is the co-founder of Garmin Corporation with Gary Burrell. As of August 2017, his personal wealth was estimated at $3 billion.

neg: Robert Wood Johnson III Robert Wood "Bobby" Johnson III (September 9, 1920 – December 22, 1970) was an American philanthropist and businessman. He was a grandson of Robert Wood Johnson I (co-founder of Johnson & Johnson).

neg: Michael Chowdry Michael A. Chowdry (1954-2001) was a Pakistani-American businessman who became the founder of American-based cargo carrier Atlas Air in 1992. He made the Forbes 400 list and with a net worth of $920 million, ranked among the richest American businessmen of Pakistani heritage before his death in a plane crash in 2001.

neg: Earl Cole Earl Cole (born April 9 in Kansas City, Kansas) was the $1 million winner on the reality television series "". He is an entrepreneur, producer, philanthropist and former California advertising executive.

neg: Carl Berg Carl Edwin Berg (born 1938) is an American businessman, real estate investor, and venture capitalist who has been included in "Forbes" magazine's list of the 400 richest people in America numerous times. As of March 2013, his net worth was estimated at $1.1 billion.

neg: Travis Kalanick Travis Cordell Kalanick ( ; born August 6, 1976) is an American businessman.

neg: Shlomo Rechnitz Shlomo Yehuda Rechnitz (born July 29, 1971) is an American businessman. He is the founder of TwinMed and owner of Brius Healthcare Services. He lives in the State of California. He is a billionaire with an estimated net worth of US$2.4 billion.

neg: Gerry Ryan (businessman) Gerry Ryan, OAM is an Australian businessman, investor, racehorse owner and cycling enthusiast. According to the BRW Rich 200, in 2014 he was Australia's 148th richest person, with a wealth of AUD 340 million. He is the owner and founder of Jayco Australia, as well as owning wineries, resorts, the theatrical company Global Creatures, and is part-owner of online retailer BikeExchange. He is also a keen supporter of numerous sports. He became one of five inaugural inductees to the Victorian Caravan Industry Hall of Fame in 2012, and was inducted into the Victorian Government's Manufacturing Hall of Fame in 2014 for his contributions to manufacturing excellence. In 2011, with his son Andrew, he acquired Mitchelton Wines from Lion Nathan.

neg: Lee Kranefuss Lee Thomas Kranefuss (born September 27, 1961) is an American businessman, investment manager, corporate adviser and entrepreneur.

neg: J. Paul Getty Jean Paul Getty (December 15, 1892 – June 6, 1976) was an American industrialist. He founded the Getty Oil Company, and in 1957 "Fortune" magazine named him the richest living American, while the 1966 Guinness Book of Records named him as the world's richest private citizen, worth an estimated $1.2 billion (approximately $ billion in 2016). At his death, he was worth more than $2 billion (approximately $ billion in 2016). A book published in 1996 ranked him as the 67th richest American who ever lived, based on his wealth as a percentage of the gross national product.

neg: Mark R. Hughes Mark Reynolds Hughes (January 1, 1956 – May 21, 2000) was an American businessman who was the founder, chairman and CEO of Herbalife International Ltd, a multi-level marketing company.

neg: Richard M. Schulze Richard Michael Schulze (born January 1941) is an American businessman. He is the founder of Best Buy and previously served as chairman and CEO. On the "Forbes" 2016 list of the world's billionaires, he was ranked #722 with a net worth of US$2.4 billion.

neg: Geoffrey Kent Geoffrey JW Kent (Born July 14, 1942) is the founder, chairman, and CEO of Abercrombie & Kent, an international luxury travel company.

neg: Marc Spilker Marc A. Spilker (born June 28, 1964) is an American financial executive and investor. He is a founding Partner of GPS Investment Partners LLC and Chairman of Chiron Investment Management LLC.

neg: George Bishop (businessman) George H. Bishop (born 1937) is an American billionaire businessman. He is the founder and Chief Executive Officer of GeoSouthern Energy, a US oil company. On the "Forbes" 2016 list of the world's billionaires, he was ranked #722 with a net worth of US$2.4 billion.

neg: Cliff Asness Clifford Scott Asness ( ; born October 17, 1966) is an American billionaire hedge fund manager, the co-founder of AQR Capital Management.

neg: Walton family The Walton family is an American family whose collective fortune makes them among the richest families in the world. The majority of their wealth derives from the heritage of Bud and Sam Walton, who were the co-founders of the world's largest retailer, Walmart. The three most prominent living members (Jim, Rob and Alice) have consistently been in the top ten of the "Forbes" 400 since 2001, as were John ( 2005) and Helen (d. 2007) prior to their deaths. Christy Walton took her husband John's place after his death.

neg: Steve Jurvetson Stephen T. "Steve" Jurvetson (born March 1, 1967) is an American businessman and venture capitalist. He is currently a partner of Draper Fisher Jurvetson (DFJ). He was a venture capitalist investor in Hotmail. He also led the firm's investments in Tradex and Cyras (acquired by Ariba and Ciena, respectively). Current board seats include SpaceX, Synthetic Genomics, Planet Labs, Nervana Systems (acquired by Intel), Flux, D-Wave, and Tesla. Jurvetson was the world's first Tesla Model S owner, the second Tesla Model X owner (VIN 2, following Elon Musk), and the fifth Tesla Model 3 owner (VIN 5).

neg: Kenton Clarke Kenton J. Clarke (born November 7, 1951) is an American entrepreneur and musician. He graduated from Norwalk State Technical College in 1972 and the University of New Haven in 1979. He is the founder of Computer Consulting Associates International and Omnikal.

neg: Richard Pzena Richard "Rich" Pzena (born January 8, 1959) is an American investment manager. He is the founder and chief investment officer of Pzena Investment Management, a New York-based deep value investment firm with $26.4 billion in assets under management.

neg: Barry Minkow Barry Jay Minkow (born March 22, 1966) is an American former businessman, pastor, and convicted felon. While still in high school, he founded ZZZZ Best (pronounced "Zee Best"), which appeared to be an immensely successful carpet-cleaning and restoration company. However, it was actually a front to attract investment for a massive Ponzi scheme. It collapsed in 1987, costing investors and lenders $100 million—one of the largest investment frauds ever perpetrated by a single person, as well as one of the largest accounting frauds in history. The scheme is often used as a case study of accounting fraud.


query: How did Arthur Henry Mann help precipitate the Edward VIII abdication crisis in 1936?

pos: Arthur Henry Mann (journalist) Arthur Henry Mann, CH (born 7 July 1876, Warwick, England; died Folkestone, Kent, 23 July 1972) was a British newspaper journalist, who edited the "Yorkshire Post" from 1919 to 1939, where he was known for his "resolute independence" and helped precipitate the Edward VIII abdication crisis by publishing criticism of the King.

pos: Edward VIII abdication crisis In 1936, a constitutional crisis in the British Empire arose when King-Emperor Edward VIII proposed to marry Wallis Simpson, an American socialite who was divorced from her first husband and was pursuing a divorce of her second.

neg: Henry VIII of England Henry VIII (28 June 1491 – 28 January 1547) was King of England from 21 April 1509 until his death. Henry was the second Tudor monarch, succeeding his father, Henry VII.

neg: Pius XII and the German Resistance During the Second World War, Pope Pius XII maintained links to the German resistance to Nazism against Adolf Hitler's Nazi regime. Although remaining publicly neutral, Pius advised the British in 1940 of the readiness of certain German generals to overthrow Hitler if they could be assured of an honourable peace, offered assistance to the German resistance in the event of a coup and warned the Allies of the planned German invasion of the Low Countries in 1940. The Nazis considered that the Pope had engaged in acts equivalent to espionage.

neg: Allan Powell Sir George Allan Powell GBE (1 February 1876 – 24 January 1948) was Chairman of the BBC Board of Governors between 1939-46.

neg: Henry Maxwell Lyte Sir Henry Churchill Maxwell Lyte (or Maxwell-Lyte ) KCB (29 May 1848 – 28 October 1940) was an English historian and archivist. He served as Deputy Keeper of the Public Records from 1886 to 1926, and was the author of numerous books including a history of Eton College.

neg: Mortimer Durand Sir Henry Mortimer Durand, (14 February 1850 – 8 June 1924) was a British diplomat and civil servant of colonial British India.

neg: E. H. Carr Edward Hallett "Ted" Carr {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (28 June 1892 – 3 November 1982) was an English historian, diplomat, journalist and international relations theorist, and an opponent of empiricism within historiography.

neg: The Dictator (1935 film) The Dictator is a 1935 British historical drama film directed by Victor Saville and starring Clive Brook, Madeleine Carroll, Emlyn Williams and Helen Haye. The film depicts a dramatic episode in Danish history: the tumultuous relationship between King Christian VII of Denmark and his English consort Caroline Matilda in 18th century Copenhagen and the Queen's tragic affair with the royal physician and liberal reformer Johann Friedrich Struensee. The film is loosely based on real events.

neg: Chanak Crisis The Chanak Crisis (Turkish: "Çanakkale Krizi" ), also called the Chanak Affair and the Chanak Incident, was a war scare in September 1922 between the United Kingdom and Turkey. It was caused by Turkish efforts to push the Greek armies out of Turkey and restore Turkish rule in the Allied occupied territories of Turkey, primarily in Istanbul. Turkish troops marched against British and French positions in the Dardanelles neutral zone. For a time, war between Britain and Turkey seemed possible, but Canada refused to agree as did France and Italy. British public opinion did not want a war. The British military did not either, and the top general on the scene refused to relay an ultimatum to the Turks because he counted on a negotiated settlement. The Conservatives in Britain's coalition government refused to follow Liberal Prime Minister David Lloyd George, who with Winston Churchill was calling for war.

neg: Moorhouse Affair The Moorhouse Affair was a military confrontation between the United Kingdom and Egypt over the abduction and murder of Second Lieutenant Anthony Moorhouse in Port Said, Egypt, following the end of British military operations in the 1956 Suez Crisis.

neg: Maurice Holzmann Sir Maurice Holzmann, KCB, KCVO, ISO (born 1835; died 1 April 1909) was a German-born member of the British royal household who served Edward VII (as Prince of Wales and King) for 45 years. He was also a keen mountaineer actively involved with the Alpine Club.

neg: New South Wales constitutional crisis, 1932 The 1932 dismissal of Premier Jack Lang by New South Wales Governor Philip Game was the first real constitutional crisis in Australia. Lang remains the only Australian Premier to be removed from office by his Governor, using the Reserve Powers of the Crown.

neg: George McMahon (failed assassin) George Andrew Campbell McMahon (d. 1970), a.k.a. Jerome Bannigan, was famous for an incident in Hyde Park, London in 1936, when he threw a revolver at King Edward VIII of England.

neg: Arthur Henry Aylmer Morton Arthur Henry Aylmer Morton (31 December 1835 – 15 June 1913) was a British clergyman, schoolteacher and Conservative Party politician.

neg: Oswald Allen Harker Brigadier Oswald Allen Harker CBE (1886–1968), known as Jasper Harker, was Acting Director General of MI5 from 1940 to 1941.

neg: Edward Balliol Edward Balliol ( 1283 – 1367) was a pretender to the Scottish throne (1314–1356). With English help, he briefly ruled parts of the country in three periods between 1332 and 1336.

neg: Henry Arthur Herbert (1840–1901) Major Henry Arthur Herbert (1840 – 14 August 1901), was an Irish landowner and a politician in the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

neg: Arthur, Prince of Wales Arthur Tudor (20 September 1486 – 2 April 1502) was Prince of Wales, Earl of Chester and Duke of Cornwall. As the eldest son and heir apparent of Henry VII of England, Arthur was viewed by contemporaries as the great hope of the newly established House of Tudor. His mother, Elizabeth of York, was the daughter of Edward IV, and his birth cemented the union between the House of Tudor and the House of York.

neg: John of Eltham, Earl of Cornwall John of Eltham, 1st Earl of Cornwall (15 August 1316 – 13 September 1336) was the second son of king Edward II of England and his queen Isabella of France. He was heir to the English throne from the date of the abdication of his father (25 January 1327) to the birth of his nephew Edward, the Black Prince (15 June 1330).

neg: William Arthur White Sir William Arthur White (13 February 1824 – 28 December 1891) was a British diplomat.

neg: Luxembourg Coup of 1856 The Luxembourg Coup of 1856, also called the Putsch of 1856, was a reactionary revision of Luxembourg's constitution on 27 November 1856. Whilst not a true coup d'état or revolution, its detractors dubbed it a 'royal coup', as the King-Grand Duke, William III, greatly expanded his powers, and the name has stuck. Aimed at reversing the liberal successes embodied in the 1848 constitution, the major changes enacted by William were undone with the promulgation of a new constitution in 1868, after the Luxembourg Crisis. However, some changes, such as the creation of the Council of State, have lasted until the present day.


query: What basin does the lake that the Argen river flows into belong to?

pos: Argen The Argen is a river in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It flows into Lake Constance between Kressbronn am Bodensee and Langenargen as the third largest tributary to the lake. It is 23.4 km long; if one includes the Upper Argen, the combined length is 51.4 km .

pos: Lake Constance Lake Constance (German: Bodensee) is a lake on the Rhine at the northern foot of the Alps, and consists of three bodies of water: the "Obersee" or "Upper Lake Constance", the "Untersee" or "Lower Lake Constance", and a connecting stretch of the Rhine, called the "Seerhein". These waterbodies lie within the Lake Constance Basin ("Bodenseebecken"), which is part of the Alpine Foreland and through which the Rhine flows.

neg: Suldalslågen The Suldalslågen (or locally, "Lågen") is a river that is located in the municipality of Suldal in Rogaland county, Norway. The 22 km long river runs from the lake Suldalsvatnet to the southwest to the village of Sand where it empties into the Sandsfjorden. The Norwegian National Road 13 runs along the river, past the villages of Suldal and Sand.

neg: Blacken (basin) Blacken is a basin in Lake Mälaren, the third-largest lake in Sweden. It is located in the western portion of the lake.

neg: Ardennes The Ardennes ( ; French: "L'Ardenne" ; Dutch: "Ardennen" ; Walloon: "L'Årdene" ; Luxembourgish: "Ardennen" ; also known as Ardennes Forest) is a region of extensive forests, rough terrain, rolling hills and ridges formed by the geological features of the Ardennes mountain range and the Moselle and Meuse River basins. Geologically, the range is a western extension of the Eifel and both were raised during the Givetian age of the Devonian (387.7 to 382.7 million years ago) as were several other named ranges of the same greater range.

neg: Rhône Glacier The Rhône Glacier (German: "Rhonegletscher" , Walliser German: "Rottengletscher", French: "le glacier du Rhône" ) is a glacier in the Swiss Alps and the source of the river Rhône and one of the primary contributors to Lake Geneva in the far eastern end of the Swiss canton of Valais. Because the Glacier is located close to the Furka Pass road it is easily accessible.

neg: Ellbach Ellbach is a river of Saarland, Germany. It drains into the Rhine and is 8 kilometers long.

neg: Gießen-Koblenz Lahn Valley The Gießen-Koblenz Lahn Valley is a bowl in western Hesse and eastern Rhineland-Palatinate in Germany that contains the lower course of the Lahn as well as the Limburg Basin. It falls within natural region no. 31 as defined by the BfN. It extends from Leun to the mouth of the Lahn into the river Rhine near Lahnstein. Despite its name it does not reach as far east as Gießen, but ends west of Wetzlar.

neg: Hariksee The Hariksee is a lake in the Niederrhein ("Lower Rhine" region in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It has a surface area of 0.2 km². The River Schwalm flows through the lake.

neg: Passeier Valley The Passeier Valley (German: "Passeier" or "Passeiertal" ] ; Italian: "Passiria or Val Passiria" ] ) is the valley of the Passer river, in the mountains of South Tyrol, northern Italy. The Passer river is a left-bank tributary to the Adige. At the mouth of the valley, where the two rivers join, stands the town of Merano. From there, the valley runs north to the Timmelsjoch mountain pass, which leads to Sölden in the Ötztal valley of Austria and to the Jaufenpass which leads to Sterzing in the Wipptal.

neg: Illsee Illsee is a natural lake used as a reservoir above Sierre, in the Valais, Switzerland. Its surface area is 0.21 km2 .

neg: Arlau Arlau (Danish: "Arlå" ) is a river of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.

neg: Lake Arreo Lake Arreo (Spanish: "Lago de Arreo" ) is a lake of Spain, located in the province of Álava. It covers an area of 136.2 hectares with a maximum depth of 25 metres.

neg: Borkener See Borkener See is a lake in West Hesse Depression, Hesse, Germany. At an elevation of 177 m , its surface area is 139 ha .

neg: Obersee (Lake Constance) The Obersee ("Upper Lake"), also known as Upper Lake Constance, is the larger of the two parts of Lake Constance.

neg: Lago Arvo Lago Arvo is a lake in the province of Cosenza, Calabria, southern Italy. It is located in La Sila east of Aprigliano and west of San Giovanni in Fiore. The lake is south of Lago di Ariamacina and Botte Donato and northwest of Lago Ampollino. The Arvo flows into and out of the lake. The lake is a reservoir built between 1927 and 1931 by damming the Arvo. Its purpose is to generate hydroelectricity.

neg: Ammersee Ammersee (English: Lake Ammer) is a Zungenbecken lake in Upper Bavaria, Germany, southwest of Munich between the towns of Herrsching and Dießen am Ammersee. With a surface area of approximately 47 km2 , it is the sixth largest lake in Germany. The lake is at an elevation of 533 m , and has a maximum depth of 81 m . Like other Bavarian lakes, Ammersee developed as a result of the ice age glaciers melting. Ammersee is fed by the River Ammer, which flows as the Amper out of the lake. Like neighbouring Lake Starnberg, which is similar in size and shape, it is a popular location for watersports.

neg: Aar (Lahn) The Aar is a 60 km river in western Germany, left tributary of the Lahn. It rises in the Taunus mountains, near Taunusstein. It flows generally north through the towns Taunusstein, Bad Schwalbach, Aarbergen and Hahnstätten. It flows into the Lahn in Diez.

neg: Vesdre The Weser (German) or Vesdre (French) is a river in eastern Belgium, in the province of Liège, and is a right tributary to the river Ourthe. Its source lies in the High Fens ("Hohes Venn", "Hautes Fagnes"), close to the border with Germany near Monschau. It flows through an artificial lake (""), and then through the towns Eupen, Verviers, Pepinster and Chaudfontaine. The Vesdre flows into the Ourthe a few kilometers from Liège. Its total length is approximately 60 km .

neg: Albigna lake Albigna Lake (German: "Albignasee", Italian: "Lago da l'Albigna", Romansh: "Lägh da l'Albigna") is a reservoir in the canton of Graubünden, Switzerland. It is located in the municipality of Vicosoprano at an elevation of 2,163 m on the southwest side of the Bregaglia valley, northeast of Pizzo Cacciabella. The lake has a surface area of 1.13 km². Its outflow, the Albigna River, is a left tributary of the Mera River.

neg: Altenau (Oker) The Altenau is a small river that rises in the Elm in central Germany, northeast of Eitzum and discharges from the right into the Oker near Halchter, a district of Wolfenbüttel.

neg: Seerhein The Seerhein ("Lake Rhine") is a river about four kilometres long, in the basin of Lake Constance. It is the outflow of the Upper Lake Constance and the main tributary of the Lower Lake Constance. The water level of the lower lake is about 30 cm below the level of the Upper Lake. It is considered part of the Rhine, which flows into Lake Constance as the Alpine Rhine and flows out of the Lake as the High Rhine. The Seerhein arose after the last Ice Age (the Würm glaciation, about 9650 BCE). Some time after this period, the water level of Lake Constance gradually dropped by about ten metres and the shallow parts fell dry. Some parts of the Seerhein still have a character a bit like a lake.