query: From what years was Mansa Sandaki a mansa of an empire in West Africa?

pos: Sandaki (mansa) Mansa Sandaki or Sandaki Mari Djata, also known as Sandiki or Santigi, was a mansa of the Mali Empire from 1389 to 1390.

pos: Mali Empire The Mali Empire (Manding: "Nyeni" or "Niani"; also historically referred to as the Manden Kurufaba, sometimes shortened to Manden) was an empire in West Africa from 1230 to 1670. The empire was founded by Sundiata Keita and became renowned for the wealth of its rulers, especially Musa Keita. The Manding languages were spoken in the empire. It was the largest empire in West Africa and profoundly influenced the culture of West Africa through the spread of its language, laws and customs. Much of the recorded information about the Mali Empire comes from 14th century North African Arab historian Ibn Khaldun, 14th century Moroccan traveller Ibn Battuta and 16th century Moroccan traveller Leo Africanus. The other major source of information is Mandinka oral tradition, through storytellers known as griots.

neg: Kanem–Bornu Empire The Kanem–Bornu Empire was an empire that existed in modern Chad and Nigeria. It was known to the Arabian geographers as the Kanem Empire from the 9th century AD onward and lasted as the independent kingdom of Bornu until 1900. At its height it encompassed an area covering not only much of Chad, but also parts of modern southern Libya, eastern Niger, northeastern Nigeria and northern Cameroon. The history of the Empire in the "longue durée" is mainly known from the Royal Chronicle or "Girgam" discovered in 1851 by the German traveller Heinrich Barth.

neg: Dankaran Touman Dankaran Touman was the first son of Naré Maghann Konaté (father of Sundiata Keita, founder and first Emperor of the Mali Empire in the 13th century). He was also the king of Manden prior to the establishment of the Mali Empire.

neg: Gbaya people The Gbaya, also Gbeya or Baya, are a people of western region of Central African Republic, east-central Cameroon, the north of the Republic of Congo, and the northwest of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Numbering about 970,000 by the late 1800s, they originated in northern Nigeria. The Gbaya were known for their strong resistance to the French and slavery, and revolted against them or three years starting in 1928 when they were conscripted to work on the Congo-Ocean railway.

neg: Agaja Agaja (also spelled Agadja and also known as Trudo Agaja or Trudo Audati) was a King of the Kingdom of Dahomey, in present-day Benin, who ruled from 1718 until 1740. He came to the throne after his brother King Akaba. During his reign, Dahomey expanded significantly and took control of key trade routes for the Atlantic slave trade by conquering Allada (1724) and Whydah (1727). Wars with the powerful Oyo Empire to the east of Dahomey resulted in Agaja accepting tributary status to that empire and providing yearly gifts. After this, Agaja attempted to control the new territory of the kingdom of Dahomey through militarily suppressing revolts and creating administrative and ceremonial systems. Agaja died in 1740 after another war with the Oyo Empire and his son Tegbessou became the new king. Agaja is credited with creating many of the key government structures of Dahomey, including the "Yovogan" and the "Mehu".

neg: Musa I of Mali Musa Keita I (c. 1280 c. 1337 ) was the tenth "Mansa", which translates as "sultan" (king), "conqueror", or emperor of the wealthy West African Mali Empire. At the time of Musa's rise to the throne, the Malian Empire consisted of territory formerly belonging to the Ghana Empire in present-day southern Mauritania and in Melle (Mali) and the immediate surrounding areas. Musa held many titles, including "Emir of Melle", "Lord of the Mines of Wangara", "Conqueror of Ghanata", and at least a dozen others. It is said that Mansa Musa had conquered 24 cities, each with surrounding districts containing villages and estates, during his reign. During his reign Mali may have been the largest producer of gold in the world at a point of exceptional demand. One of the richest people in history, he is known to have been enormously wealthy; reported as being inconceivably rich by contemporaries, "There’s really no way to put an accurate number on his wealth" (Davidson 2015).

neg: Bulawayo (Zulu empire) Kwa-Bulawayo (prefixed according to context with 'gu-' or 'kwa-') was the royal kraal of Shaka Zulu, and as such was the capital of the early Zulu empire. It was founded after Shaka's conquest of the Ndwandwe kingdom, in around 1820. It was here that Shaka first met Western traders from Port Natal. After Shaka's assassination, the royal kraal was moved to umGungundlovu by his half-brother and successor Dingane.

neg: Malabo Lopelo Melaka Malabo Löpèlo Mëlaka or King Malabo I (1837–1937), born on the island of Fernando Po (today Bioko, Equatorial Guinea), was the son of former Bubi king Moka and served as king between 1904 until his death in 1937, during the Bahítáari Dynasty. One of his three sons, Francisco Malabo Beosá (1896–2001) was a successor to the royal throne as well as the final heir to the Bubi Kingdom.

neg: Seven Kingdoms of Kongo dia Nlaza The Seven Kingdoms of Kongo dia Nlaza were a confederation of states in west Central Africa that were absorbed into the Kingdom of Kongo in the 16th century. This polity or region was first mentioned in texts of the Kingdom of Kongo in the late 16th century, although it probably existed much earlier. It was only then being incorporated into Kongo, through the kingdom's eastern province of Mbata Kingdom. It is unclear what the Seven Kingdoms were, though perhaps they included Kundi and Okanga. Presumably these kingdoms represented an alliance of several smaller polities, though the sources of the time tell us nothing about it.

neg: Mahmud II (mansa) Mansa Mahmud II, also known as Mamadou, was mansa ("king of kings") of the Mali Empire from 1481 to 1496.

neg: Ashimi of Borno Ashimi or Hashimi (1840s-1893) was "Shehu" of Borno from ca.1885 to 1893.

neg: Kasanze Kingdom The Kasanze Kingdom, also known as Kasanye, (c. 1500-1648) was a pre-colonial Central West African state in what is today Angola.

neg: List of rulers of the Duala The rulers of the Duala are the headmen, chiefs, paramount chiefs, and kings of the Duala people of Cameroon. The earliest known Duala rulers, according to Duala oral history, were Mbongo and his son Mbedi. From Mbedi's home at Pīti, northeast of the modern city of Douala, his sons migrated southward. Ewale a Mbedi settled on the Wouri River at the Bight of Bonny (modern Douala) and became the eponymous founder of the Duala people.

neg: Kingdom of Burundi The Kingdom of Burundi (French: "Royaume du Burundi" ) or Kingdom of Urundi ("Royaume d'Urundi") was a polity ruled by a traditional monarch in modern-day Republic of Burundi in the Great Lakes region of East Africa. The kingdom, majority ethnic Hutu, was ruled by a monarch from the Tutsi ethnic group with the title of "mwami". Created in the 17th century, the kingdom was preserved under European colonial rule in the late 19th and early 20th century and was an independent state between 1962 and 1966.

neg: Maghan I Maghan I was a mansa of the Mali Empire, following his father Kankan Musa I's death in 1337. Aside from legendary founder Sundiata, Kankan Musa I is generally regarded as the most successful of the Malian emperors, and Maghan inherited the empire at the height of its glory. He reigned for only four years before being succeeded by his uncle Suleyman in 1341.

neg: Siaka Stevens Siaka Probyn Stevens (24 August 1905 – 29 May 1988) was the leader of Sierra Leone from 1967 to 1985, serving as Prime Minister from 1967 to 1971 and as President from 1971 to 1985. Stevens' leadership was often characterised by patrimonial rule and self worship, consolidating power by means of corruption and exploitation.

neg: Hummay Hummay (or Hume) was the founder and "mai" (ruler) of the Sefuwa dynasty of the Kanem-Bornu Empire in the region of Lake Chad. He discarded the Sefuwa-Duguwa from power and ruled from 1068 to 1080. The dynasty founded by him was to survive until 1846. His rule had important consequences because of the spread of Islam during his reign. This provoked some dissension, causing the Zaghawa to break from the empire and move east.

neg: Mandingo people of Sierra Leone The Mandinka people of Sierra Leone (commonly referred to as the Mandingo, Mandinka or Malinke) are a major ethnic group in Sierra Leone and a branch of the Mandinka people of West Africa, with whom they share the same culture, religion, tradition and language. Most Sierra Leonean Mandingo are the direct descendants of Mandinka warriors from Guinea, who conquered large territories in areas of the North and East of Sierra Leone in the 1870s under the leadership of Samori Ture. They were followed by thousands of Mandingo settlers from Guinea in the late 19th and early-to-mid-20th century.

neg: List of rulers of the Lunda Empire The following is a list of the Rulers of the Lunda Empire. The Lunda Empire was a pre-colonial Central African state centered in the Democratic Republic of the Congo whose sphere of influence stretched into Angola and Zambia. The Lunda were initially ruled by kings with the title "Mwaantaangaand" meaning ""owners of the land"". This later became ""Mwaantayaav"" or ""Mwaant Yaav"" with the rise of Mbala I Yaav.

neg: Ila Yara Ila Yara was the original kingdom founded about the 12th century by Ajagun-nla (meaning "mighty warrior or great warrior"), also nicknamed "Orangun", the legendary son of Oduduwa. The kingdom split into two after Orangun Apakiimo was installed (as the 6th Orangun) towards the end of the 15th century. A young prince Arutu, who lost the contest for the Orangun throne, led a rebellion and exodus of his supporters, and founded the Ila, Nigeria kingdom further northward (near the Isedo kingdom of Obalumo, while Orangun Apakiimo soon evacuated Ila Yara to found the Oke-Ila kingdom further eastward (after attracting other polities including a segment of the Isedo kingdom). Both kings of the Oke-Ila and Ila kingdoms

neg: Mirambo Mtyela Kasanda, better known as Mirambo (which means "corpses"), was a Nyamwezi warlord, from 1860 to 1884. Mirambo started out as a trader, and owned trade caravans traveling from the Great Lakes region in western Tanzania to the coast, mostly dealing with ivory and slaves. Through trade with Europeans he acquired firearms and money, and organised armies consisting mostly of teenage orphans. With his newly gained power, he toppled the traditional monarchy of the kingdom Urambo, and installed himself as ntemi (king). The Nyamwezi aristocracy was appalled when someone who was not royalty took over the religiously ceremonial office of ntemi.


query: What event are Kjellfred Weum and 110 metres hurdles both names synonymous with?

pos: Kjellfred Weum Kjellfred Weum (30 July 1940, Hafslo – 7 August 2017) was a Norwegian hurdler.

pos: 110 metres hurdles The 110 metres hurdles, or 110-meter hurdles, is a hurdling track and field event for men. It is included in the athletics programme at the Summer Olympic Games. The female counterpart is the 100 metres hurdles. As part of a racing event, ten hurdles of 1.067 metres (3.5 ft or 42 inches) in height are evenly spaced along a straight course of 110 metres. They are positioned so that they will fall over if bumped into by the runner. Fallen hurdles do not carry a fixed time penalty for the runners, but they have a significant pull-over weight which slows down the run. Like the 100 metres sprint, the 110 metres hurdles begins in the starting blocks.

neg: Athletics at the 2013 Summer Universiade – Men's 110 metres hurdles Athletics at the 2013 Summer Universiade – Men's 110 metres hurdles

neg: Valdemar Wickholm Valdemar Wickholm (November 7, 1890 – July 20, 1970) was a Finnish track and field athlete who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics in the decathlon and the 110 metres hurdles. He finished seventh overall in the decathlon, placing best in the pole vault, where he was joint third. He competed at the next Olympics eight years later, in both the decathlon and 400 metres hurdles.

neg: IAAF World Championships in Athletics The IAAF World Championships, commonly referred to as the World Championships in Athletics, is a biennial athletics event organized by the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF). Originally held every four years, first in 1983, the current two-year cycle began in 1991.

neg: 60 metres at the Olympics The 60 metres at the Summer Olympics was contested at the multi-sport event in 1900 and 1904. Part of the Olympic athletics programme, it is the shortest sprinting event to have featured at the Olympics. The shortest sprinting event on the current programme is the 100 metres. Only men competed in the two years that the event was held.

neg: Iong Kim Fai Iong Kim Fai (, born 12 January 1989) is a Macanese athlete specialising in the 110 metres hurdles. He represented his country at two outdoor and two indoor World Championships.

neg: Svenska Dagbladet Gold Medal The Svenska Dagbladet Gold Medal (Swedish: "Svenska Dagbladets guldmedalj" , but usually simply called Bragdguldet, "The Feat Gold") is an annual award "for the most significant Swedish sports achievement of the year". It has been awarded by a jury led by the Swedish morning paper "Svenska Dagbladet" since 1925. According to its statutes the Medal may be awarded in November or December to either an individual sportsperson or a team. An individual can be awarded the Medal no more than twice, and to receive a second medal, that athlete must be "regarded a class of his own".

neg: Kristine Tånnander Kristine Elisabeth Tånnander (born 21 November 1955) is a retired Swedish hepathlete. Together with her younger sister Annette she competed at the 1982 European Championships, 1983 World Championships and 1984 Summer Olympics and placed 11th–12th. She won the national titles in the 100 m hurdles (1976), pentathlon (1974–75 and 1978–79), heptathlon (1980–83 and 1985), 4 × 100 m relay (1980–82) and 4 × 200 m relay (1978 and 1981–82). Her father Kjell was an Olympic decathlete.

neg: 60 metres 60 metres is a sprint event in track and field athletics. It is a championship event for indoor championships, normally dominated by the best outdoor 100 metres runners. At outdoor venues it is a rare distance, at least for senior athletes. The 60 metres was an Olympic event in the 1900 and 1904 Summer Games but was removed from the schedule thereafter.

neg: 2011 World Championships in Athletics – Men's 110 metres hurdles 2011 World Championships in Athletics – Men's 110 metres hurdles

neg: 2014 European Athletics Championships – Men's 110 metres hurdles 2014 European Athletics Championships – Men's 110 metres hurdles

neg: 2010 World Junior Championships in Athletics – Men's 110 metres hurdles 2010 World Junior Championships in Athletics – Men's 110 metres hurdles

neg: Annelie Ehrhardt Annelie Ehrhardt, (née Jahns on 18 June 1950) is a retired German hurdler. She won the gold medal in the inaugural 100 metre hurdles event at the 1972 Summer Olympics held in Munich, Germany, setting a new world record, and becoming the first East German Olympic Champion in this event. She also won a silver medal at the 1971 European Championships and a gold medal at the 1974 European Championships in a new championship record of 12.66 seconds.

neg: Athletics at the 1964 Summer Olympics – Men's 110 metres hurdles Athletics at the 1964 Summer Olympics – Men's 110 metres hurdles

neg: Athletics at the 2014 Commonwealth Games – Men's 110 metres hurdles Athletics at the 2014 Commonwealth Games – Men's 110 metres hurdles

neg: Standing triple jump Standing triple jump is an athletics event based on the conventional triple jump with three jumping phases, but without an approach run-up. It is one of three standing variants of track and field jumping events, along with the standing high jump and standing long jump.

neg: Athletics at the 2017 Summer Universiade – Men's 110 metres hurdles Athletics at the 2017 Summer Universiade – Men's 110 metres hurdles

neg: Earl McCullouch Earl R. McCullouch (born January 10, 1946) is a retired American football wide receiver. McCullouch was the world record holder for the 110 meter men's high hurdle sprint from July 1967 to July 1969. When attending the University of Southern California, McCullouch was a member of the USC Trojan Football teams (wide receiver) and the USC Track & Field teams (120 yard high hurdles and 4×110 sprint relay) in 1967 and 1968. The USC Track 4×110 yard relay team, for which McCullouch ran the start leg, set the world record in 1967 that remains today, as the metric 4 × 100 m relay is now the commonly contested event.

neg: Athletics at the 2010 Asian Games – Men's 110 metres hurdles Athletics at the 2010 Asian Games – Men's 110 metres hurdles

neg: Selim Nurudeen Selim Nurudeen (born February 1, 1983) is a hurdler from Nigeria. In 2010 he competed at the 2010 African Championships in Nairobi and won the silver medal in the 110 metre hurdles with a time of 13.83 seconds. He has twice represented Nigeria at the Olympics, in 2008 and 2012.

neg: Mohsin Ali Mohsin Ali (Urdu:  ) is a professional track and field athlete from Pakistan who competes in the 110 metres hurdles.


query: What was the population of the county containing Arrow Creek community as of the 2010 census?

pos: Arrow Creek, Montana Arrow Creek is an unincorporated community in Judith Basin County, in the U.S. state of Montana.

pos: Judith Basin County, Montana Judith Basin County is a county in the U.S. state of Montana. As of the 2010 census, the population was 2,072. Its county seat is Stanford, Montana.

neg: San Luis Obispo County, California San Luis Obispo County, officially the County of San Luis Obispo, is a county located in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2010 census, the population was 269,637. The county seat is San Luis Obispo.

neg: Beaver, Oklahoma Beaver is a town and county seat in Beaver County, Oklahoma, United States. The community is located in the Oklahoma Panhandle. As of the 2010 census, the town population was 1,515, a 3.5 percent decrease from 1,570 at the 2000 census.

neg: Kent County, Delaware Kent County is a county located in the central part of the U.S. state of Delaware. As of the 2010 census, the population was 162,310, making it the least populous county in Delaware. The county seat is Dover, the state capital. It is named for Kent, an English county.

neg: Pike Creek Valley, Delaware Pike Creek Valley is a census-designated place in New Castle County, Delaware, United States. Its population was 11,217 as of the 2010 census.

neg: Frederick County, Maryland Frederick County is a county located in the northern part of the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2010 U.S. Census, the population was 240,336. The county seat is Frederick.

neg: Brushy Creek, Williamson County, Texas Brushy Creek is a census-designated place (CDP) in Williamson County, Texas, United States. The population was 21,764 at the 2010 census.

neg: Beaverhead County, Montana Beaverhead County is the largest county by area in the U.S. state of Montana. As of the 2010 census, the population was 9,246. Its county seat is Dillon. The county was founded in 1865.

neg: Calvert County, Maryland Calvert County is a county located in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2010 census, the population was 88,737. Its county seat is Prince Frederick. The county's name is derived from the family name of the Barons of Baltimore, the proprietors of the English Colony of Maryland.

neg: Hopkins County, Kentucky Hopkins County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 46,920. Its county seat is Madisonville. The county was formed in 1806 and named for General Samuel Hopkins, an officer in both the American Revolutionary War and War of 1812, and later a Kentucky legislator and U.S. Congressman.

neg: Woodward County, Oklahoma Woodward County is a county located in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2010 census, the population was 20,081. Its county seat is Woodward.

neg: Nowata, Oklahoma Nowata (Lenape: "Nuwatu", "Nuwi ta" ) is a city and county seat of Nowata County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 3,731 at the United States Census, 2010, a 6.0 percent decline from 3,971 at the 2000 census. The area where it was established was then part of the Cherokee Nation in Indian Territory.

neg: Checotah, Oklahoma Checotah is a town in McIntosh County, Oklahoma, United States. It was named for Samuel Checote, the first chief of the Creek Nation elected after the Civil War. The population was 3,481 at the 2000 census. According to Census 2010, the population has decreased to 3,335; a 4.19% loss.

neg: Pawnee County, Oklahoma Pawnee County is a county located in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2010 census, the population was 16,577. Its county seat is Pawnee. The county is named after the Pawnee Tribe.

neg: Accomac, Virginia Accomac is a town in Accomack County, Virginia, United States. The population was 519 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Accomack County.

neg: Tift County, Georgia Tift County is a county located in the south central portion of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2010 census, the population was 40,118. The county seat is Tifton.

neg: Barber County, Kansas Barber County (county code BA) is a county located in the south-central portion of the U.S. state of Kansas. As of the 2010 census, the county population was 4,861. Its county seat and most populous city is Medicine Lodge. It was named for Thomas Barber, an abolitionist who was killed in Douglas County in 1855 during the Wakarusa War.

neg: Butte Creek Canyon, California Butte Creek Canyon is a census-designated place in Butte County, California. Butte Creek Canyon sits at an elevation of 1024 feet (312 m) in the Sierra Nevada (U.S.) foothills. The 2010 United States census reported Butte Creek Canyon's population was 1,086.

neg: Kenwood, Oklahoma Kenwood is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Delaware and Mayes counties, Oklahoma, United States. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 1,224.

neg: Tallapoosa County, Alabama Tallapoosa County is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2010 census, the population was 41,616. Its county seat is Dadeville. The name Tallapoosa is of Creek origin; many Creek villages were located along the banks of the lower river before Indian Removal in the 19th century. Tallapoosa County was established by European Americans on December 18, 1832.

neg: Walla Walla County, Washington Walla Walla County is a county located in the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2010 census, its population was 58,781. The county seat and largest city is Walla Walla. The county was formed on April 25, 1854 and is named after the Walla Walla tribe of Native Americans.


query: Do Arthur Koestler and Philip Larkin share the same nationality?

pos: Arthur Koestler Arthur Koestler, ( ; ] ; Hungarian: "Kösztler Artúr" ; 5 September 1905 – 1 March 1983) was a Hungarian-British author and journalist. Koestler was born in Budapest and, apart from his early school years, was educated in Austria. In 1931 Koestler joined the Communist Party of Germany until, disillusioned by Stalinism, he resigned in 1938. In 1940 he published his novel "Darkness at Noon", an anti-totalitarian work that gained him international fame. Over the next 43 years, from his residence in Britain, Koestler espoused many political causes, and wrote novels, memoirs, biographies and numerous essays. In 1968 he was awarded the Sonning Prize "for [his] outstanding contribution to European culture" and in 1972 he was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE). In 1976 he was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease and in 1979 with terminal leukaemia. In 1983 he and his wife committed suicide at their home in London.

pos: Philip Larkin Philip Arthur Larkin (9 August 1922 – 2 December 1985) was an English poet, novelist and librarian. His first book of poetry, "The North Ship", was published in 1945, followed by two novels, "Jill" (1946) and "A Girl in Winter" (1947), and he came to prominence in 1955 with the publication of his second collection of poems, "The Less Deceived", followed by "The Whitsun Weddings" (1964) and "High Windows" (1974). He contributed to "The Daily Telegraph" as its jazz critic from 1961 to 1971, articles gathered in "All What Jazz: A Record Diary 1961–71" (1985), and he edited "The Oxford Book of Twentieth Century English Verse" (1973). His many honours include the Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry. He was offered, but declined, the position of Poet Laureate in 1984, following the death of Sir John Betjeman.

neg: The Less Deceived The Less Deceived, first published in 1955, was Philip Larkin's first mature collection of poetry, having been preceded by the derivative "North Ship" (1945) from The Fortune Press and a privately printed collection, a small pamphlet titled "XX Poems", which Larkin mailed to literary critics and authors. Unfortunately, Larkin was unaware that postal rates had gone up, and most recipients, when asked to pay the difference for delivery of a pamphlet by a little-known writer, turned them away, only around 100 copies were printed.

neg: Philip Mitchell Philip Mitchell is an English author, playwright, poet and translator. Born in Manchester, England he is an established author with BBC Radio Drama and was a question-setter on the UK game show "Bacha Hi O'Ma!" (the Welsh equivalent of "Blind Date") but is perhaps best known for his acclaimed translation of Caradog Prichard's Welsh language novel "Un Nos Ola Leuad", as "One Moonlit Night" (ISBN  ).

neg: Philip Sparke Philip Allen Sparke (born 29 December 1951) is a British composer and musician born in London, noted for his concert band and brass band music.

neg: Arthur Gershwin Arthur Gershwin (March 14, 1900 – November 19, 1981) was one of the four Gershwin family siblings of American musical fame. Although he was a composer, he was not a professional musician, and made his living as a stockbroker.

neg: Arthur Terry Arthur Hubert Terry (17 February 1927 in York, England – 24 January 2004 in Colchester, Essex) was an English philologist, critic and translator, who was an expert in Catalan literature, and one of the best experts on Joan Maragall.

neg: Arthur Nicolaier Arthur Nicolaier (4 February 1862 in Cosel/Koźle - 28 August 1942 in Berlin) was a German Jewish internist.

neg: John Larkin (screenwriter) John Francis Larkin Jr. (1901–1965) was an American screenwriter.

neg: Arthur Bliss Sir Arthur Edward Drummond Bliss (2 August 189127 March 1975) was an English composer and conductor.

neg: Philip Lindsay Philip Lindsay (1906–1958) was an Australian writer, who mostly wrote historical novels. He was the son of Norman Lindsay, an Australian artist and a younger brother of writer Jack Lindsay. He was educated at the Anglican Church Grammar School in Brisbane, and emigrated to England in 1929. Most of his novels were written whilst he lived in England. His daughter Cressida also became a novelist.

neg: Kevin Crossley-Holland Kevin John William Crossley-Holland (born 7 February 1941) is an English translator, children's author and poet. His best known work may now be the Arthur trilogy, published around age sixty (2000–2003), for which he won the Guardian Prize and other recognition.

neg: Ellis Larkins Ellis Larkins (May 15, 1923 – September 30, 2002) was an American jazz pianist born in Baltimore, Maryland, perhaps best known for his two recordings with Ella Fitzgerald: the albums "Ella Sings Gershwin" (1950) and "Songs in a Mellow Mood" (1954). He was also the leader in the first solo sides by singer Chris Connor on her album "Chris" (1954).

neg: Arthur St John Adcock Arthur St John Adcock (17 January 1864 – 9 June 1930), was an English novelist and poet, known as A. St John Adcock or St John Adcock. He is remembered for his discovery of the then-unknown poet W. H. Davies.

neg: Philip Adrian Wright Philip Adrian Wright (born 30 June 1956) is an English musician, also known as Adrian Wright.

neg: Alastair (Baron Hans Henning Voigt) Hans Henning Otto Harry Baron von Voigt (20 October 1887 – 30 October 1969), best known by his nickname Alastair, was a German artist, composer, dancer, mime, poet, singer and translator.

neg: Arthur Butterworth Arthur Eckersley Butterworth, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (4 August 1923 – 20 November 2014) was an English composer, conductor, trumpeter and teacher.

neg: Chester Kallman Chester Simon Kallman (January 7, 1921 – January 18, 1975) was an American poet, librettist, and translator, best known for his collaborations with W. H. Auden and Igor Stravinsky.

neg: Philip King (playwright) Philip King (30 October 1904 – 9 February 1979) was an English playwright and actor, born in Yorkshire. He is best known as the author of the farce "See How They Run" (1944). He lived in Brighton and many of his plays were first produced in nearby Worthing. He continued to act throughout his writing career, often appearing in his own plays.

neg: Robert Louis Stevenson Robert Louis Balfour Stevenson (13 November 1850 – 3 December 1894) was a Scottish novelist, poet, essayist, and travel writer. His most famous works are "Treasure Island", "Kidnapped", "Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde," and "A Child's Garden of Verses".

neg: Arthur Rubinstein Arthur Rubinstein (Polish: "Artur Rubinstein" ; January 28, 1887December 20, 1982) was a Polish American classical pianist. He received international acclaim for his performances of the music written by a variety of composers and many regard him as the greatest Chopin interpreter of his time. He was described by "The New York Times" as one of the greatest pianists of the twentieth century. He played in public for eight decades.

neg: Dialogue with Death Dialogue with Death, a book by Arthur Koestler, was originally published in 1937 as a section (Part II) of his book "Spanish Testament", in which he describes his experiences during the Spanish Civil War. Part II of the book was subsequently decoupled from "Spanish Testament" and, with minor modifications, published on its own under the title "Dialogue with Death" (see quotation below). The book describes Koestler’s prison experiences under sentence of death. The book was written in the late autumn of 1937 immediately after his release from prison, when the events were still vivid in his memory.


query: Arnold Isaacs, was a Canadian fashion designer who has created gowns for First Ladies, in addition to such notable personalities as which American film and television actress who began her career as a dancer and stage showgirl?

pos: Arnold Scaasi Arnold Isaacs (May 8, 1930 – August 3, 2015), known as Arnold Scaasi, was a Canadian fashion designer who has created gowns for First Ladies Mamie Eisenhower, Barbara Bush, Hillary Clinton, and Laura Bush, in addition to such notable personalities as Joan Crawford, Ivana Trump, Princess Yasmin Aga Khan, Lauren Bacall, Diahann Carroll, Elizabeth Taylor, Catherine Deneuve, Brooke Astor, Arlene Francis, and Mary Tyler Moore.

pos: Joan Crawford Joan Crawford (born Lucille Fay LeSueur; (March 23, 190? – May 10, 1977) was an American film and television actress who began her career as a dancer and stage showgirl. In 1999, the American Film Institute ranked Crawford tenth on its list of the greatest female stars of Classic Hollywood Cinema.

neg: Dinah Shore Dinah Shore (born Fannye Rose Shore; February 29, 1916 – February 24, 1994) was an American singer, actress, and television personality, and the top-charting female vocalist of the 1940s. She rose to prominence as a recording artist during the Big Band era, but achieved even greater success a decade later, in television, mainly as hostess of a series of variety programs for Chevrolet.

neg: Grace Darmond Grace Darmond (November 20, 1893 – October 8, 1963) was a Canadian-born American actress from the early 20th century.

neg: Pat Stanley Patricia "Pat" Stanley (born April 12, 1931, Cincinnati, Ohio) is a retired American actress, dancer and singer.

neg: Elyse Knox Elyse Knox (born Elsie Lillian Kornbrath: December 14, 1917 – February 16, 2012) was an American actress, model, and fashion designer.

neg: C. Z. Guest Lucy Douglas "C. Z." Guest ("née" Cochrane; February 19, 1920 - November 8, 2003) was an American stage actress, author, columnist, horsewoman, fashion designer, and socialite who achieved a degree of fame as a fashion icon. She was frequently seen wearing elegant designs by famous designers like Mainbocher. Her unfussy, clean-cut style was seen as typically American, and she was named to the International Best Dressed List Hall of Fame in 1959.

neg: Emily Vacchiano Emily Vacchiano (aka Emily Vaughan) is an American actress who has appeared in films, on television (credits include "The Sopranos"), and in several New York stage productions.

neg: Emily Cranz Emily Cranz (born 21 September 1942) is an American-born Mexican actress, singer, and dancer.

neg: Tempest Storm Tempest Storm (born Annie Blanche Banks, February 29, 1928), and dubbed the Queen of Exotic Dancers is a burlesque star and motion picture actress. Along with Lili St. Cyr, Sally Rand, and Blaze Starr, she was one of the best known burlesque performers of the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s. Her career as an exotic dancer spanned more than 60 years and she was still performing in the early 21st century.

neg: Cissy King Claire Yvonne “Cissy” King (born January 3, 1946) is an American-born singer and dancer best known as a featured performer on "The Lawrence Welk Show" television program.

neg: Barbara Kent Barbara Kent (née Cloutman) (December 16, 1907 – October 13, 2011) was a Canadian-born, North American-based film actress, prominent from the silent film era to the early talkies of the 1920s and 1930s, and a former (1925) Miss Hollywood.

neg: Patricia Pearcy Patricia Sue Pearcy (born September 10, 1946) is an American film, stage, and television actress. She began her career in theatre, appearing on Broadway and in local theatre companies in Connecticut and Kentucky before making her film debut in Monte Hellman's "Cockfighter" (1974).

neg: Carol Channing Carol Elaine Channing (born January 31, 1921) is an American actress, singer, dancer and comedian. Notable for starring in Broadway and film musicals, her characters typically radiate a fervent expressiveness and an easily identifiable voice, whether singing or for comedic effect. Carol Channing also studied acting at The Neighborhood Playhouse School of the Theatre in New York City.

neg: Lady Rowlands Lady Rowlands (born Mary Allen Neal; April 12, 1904 – May 28, 1999) was an American film actress. Most of her work came in the films of John Cassavetes, who was married to her daughter, the Academy Award-nominated and four-time Emmy Award-winning actress Gena Rowlands.

neg: Constance Binney Constance Binney (June 28, 1896 – November 15, 1989) was an American stage and film actress and dancer.

neg: Sheila MacRae Sheila MacRae (born Sheila Margaret Stevens; 24 September 1921 – 6 March 2014) was an English-born American actress, singer, and dancer.

neg: Moira Shearer Moira Shearer, Lady Kennedy (17 January 1926 – 31 January 2006), was an internationally renowned British ballet dancer and actress.

neg: Johanne Harrelle Johanne Harrelle (January 29, 1930 – August 4, 1994) was a Canadian actress, model, and writer, and the first black woman to rise to prominence in Quebec and Canada's fashion world.

neg: Moira North Moira North is the founder and artistic director of the Ice Theatre of New York, a theatrical figure skating company. For her work with this organization, in 1998 and 2003 she was selected as one of the "25 Most Influential Names in Figure Skating" by International Figure Skating Magazine. North has choreographed for film and skating productions in addition to her work for Ice Theatre. Her credits include teaching actress Illeana Douglas to skate for her role in the film "To Die For", teaching and choreographing a skating scene in the film "The Preacher's Wife" with Whitney Houston and Denzel Washington, choreographing five productions of "Montreal Fashions on Ice" for the Québec Delegation at Rockefeller Plaza and choreographing the opening ceremonies for both the National Hockey League All-Star Game and World Cup Hockey. She also served as creative consultant for Arts & Entertainment's "Winter Solstice on Ice", a 1999 holiday season television special.

neg: Showgirls Showgirls is a 1995 French-American erotic drama film written by Joe Eszterhas and directed by Paul Verhoeven. It stars former teen actress Elizabeth Berkley, Kyle MacLachlan, and Gina Gershon. The film centers on a "street-smart" drifter who ventures to Las Vegas and climbs the seedy hierarchy from stripper to showgirl.

neg: Tré Armstrong Tré Armstrong (born August 17, 1978) is a Canadian actress, choreographer and dancer.


query: Neetho starred which actress born on 1 February 1979?

pos: Neetho Neetho (English: "With You" ) is a 2002 Telugu romance film directed by John Mahendran, starring Prakash Kovelamudi and Mahek Chahal in their debut roles. The story of this movie was readapted later for the Tamil movie "Sachein".

pos: Mahek Chahal Mahek Chahal (born 1 February 1979) is a Norwegian actress and model who appears in Bollywood films. Mahek was a contestant on "Bigg Boss". She Was Last Seen in Colors TV Supernatural Show "Kavach... Kaali Shaktiyon Se" As Manjulika.

neg: Anyarude Bhoomi Anyarude Bhoomi is a 1979 Indian Malayalam film, directed by Nilambur Balan and produced by Unmachithra. The film stars Chowalloor Krishnankutty, Nilambur Balan, Amina and Kozhikode Sharada in lead roles. The film had musical score by A. T. Ummer.

neg: Ridhima Ghosh Ridhima Ghosh is a Bengali film actress. She made her acting debut in the Bengali television serial "Bou Kotha Kao" in Star Jalsha. In 2009, she made her film debut in "Friend". After that, she has acted in a number of Bengali films and Bengali TV serials like "Rang Milanti", "Rajkahini" and "Byomkesh".

neg: Soorya Soorya is an Indian film actress who has appeared in Malayalam and Tamil films. She was a prominent actress in 1980s. She was well noted for her glamorous roles. She debuted with the film 'Parankimala' in 1981.

neg: Papri Ghosh Papri Ghosh is an Indian actress who predominantly appears in Bengali, Tamil, Telugu and Hindi films. She made her film debut in "Kaalbela" (2009).

neg: Bin Phere Hum Tere Bin Phere Hum Tere is a 1979 Bollywood drama film directed by Rajat Rakshit. The film stars Asha Parekh and Vinod Mehra.

neg: Chaya Singh Chaya Singh (born 16 May 1981 in Bangalore) is an Indian actress. She started her acting career in Kannada films and has worked in Tamil, Malayalam, Bengali, Bhojpuri, Telugu and Oriya films. She has a reputation of being very selective in her roles.

neg: Jayanthi (actress) Kamala Kumari (born 1950), known by her screen name Jayanthi, is an Indian actress. She has appeared in over 500 films, including films in the Kannada, Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam, Hindi and Marathi languages. Kannada film industry honored her with the title "Abhinaya Sharadhe" meaning Goddess Sharada in acting.

neg: Shabnur Kazi Sharmin Nahid Nupur, (born 17 December 1979), better known by stage name Shabnur, is a Bangladeshi film actress. She made her debut in Chandni Raate directed by legendary film maker Ehtesham in 1993. Her first commercially successful film was "Duniaar badsha" with co-actor Amin Khan and then tumi amar (actor)|Salman Shah]] in 1994 and most of her film act was associated with him until his death in 1996.She made a history with Salman Shah and that was they did 14 nos movies together and all the movies were hit, superhit. She also acted with others like Amin khan, Omar Sany and she got success with them also. after demise of Salman, She started acting with Riaz and Shakil Khan after Salman Shah’s death. She also acted with Manna, Amin Khan, Ferdous Ahmed and Shakib Khan. She received National Film Award as the best actress in 2005 for "Dui Noyoner Alo".

neg: Patralekha Patralekha Mishra Paul (born 20 February 1990 in Shillong, Meghalaya) is an Indian film actress.

neg: Shoma Anand Shoma Anand (born 16 February 1958) is an Indian television and film actress. Although she has played frequently supporting roles or made cameo appearances throughout the 1980s and 1990s, she started her career opposite Rishi Kapoor as lead actress in Pramod Chakraborty's superhit romantic-crime movie "Barood", then played a good role in "Patita" produced and directed by the same person. She had a few other films in which she was the lead, such as "Jagir" and "Coolie" in the 1980s. From the late 1990s to present she has played minor and supporting roles in films like "Jaise Karani Waisi Bharani", "Coolie", "Hungama", "Kyaa Kool Hai Hum" and "Kal Ho Naa Ho".

neg: Vinodhini Vaidyanathan Vinodhini Vaidynathan is Born (November 2 , 1978) an Indian film actress who has appeared in Tamil language films. She made her debut in A. R. Murugadoss’s production "Engaeyum Eppothum" portraying Ananya's sister.

neg: Neelu Vaghela Neelu Vaghela (Hindi: नीलू वाघेला ; born 15 April 1970) is an Indian actress, dancer and television personality, well known for her work in the Rajasthani cinema. Currently, she is seen playing the role of Santosh "Bhabo" Rathi in the soap opera "Tu Sooraj Main Saanjh Piyaji" on Star Plus. She has her own production house, Aruneel Films, which makes Rajasthani movies.

neg: Shama Sikander Shama Sikander Gesawat (born 4 August 1979) is an Indian actress who is best remembered for her lead role in the TV series "Yeh Meri Life Hai" (2003-2005). She has acted in television serials and is also known as a TV program host and a reality show contestant. On the big screen, she has appeared in a few Bollywood movies, including the Aamir Khan starrer "Mann" in 1999.

neg: Hema Chaudhary Hema Chaudhary (born 1955) is an Indian film actress who has predominantly acted in Kannada films in addition to Telugu, Malayalam and Tamil films. Starting her career as a lead actress for the Telugu film "Pelli Kani Pelli" in 1976, she switched over to character roles in the 1980s. She is best remembered for her villainous roles that she portrayed in Kannada cinema in films like "Subhashaya" (1977) and "Gaali Maathu" (1981). Among her Tamil films, the K. Balachander directed "Manmatha Leelai" (1976) opposite actor Kamal Haasan was most notable. Acting in over 150 films, Hema is considered one of the popular character artistes in South Indian cinema.

neg: Kausalya (actress) Kausalya (born Kavitha on 30 December 1979), also known as Nandini, is an Indian film actress and model, who has starred mainly in Tamil and Malayalam films.

neg: Saayoni Ghosh Saayoni Ghosh (born 27 January 1993) is an Indian Bengali film and television actress and singer. Her acting debut was with a telefilm "Ichhe Dana", and her first appearance on the big screen was with a short role in the film "Natobar Notout" After this she shared the screen with some veteran actors in Raj Chakraborty's "Shotru", and later played a carefree journalist role in Raj Chakraborty's daily soap "Proloy Asche". She has played lead roles in the films "Kanamachi", "Antaraal", "Ekla Cholo", "Bitnoon", "Mayer Biye", "Rajkahini".

neg: Neetha Shetty Neetha Shetty is an Indian television actress. She has starred in the TV series "Ghar Ki Lakshmi Betiyann" as one of Laxmi's sisters, and " in Kahiin to Hoga" as Dr. Archita. She has also played the role of "Sanjana" in the T.V. series "Mamta", telecast on Zee TV. She has also acted in "Banoo Main Teri Dulhann" (as a doctor), and in "Tum Bin Jaaoon Kahaan"(as Muskan's rebirth, Khushi), both on Zee TV.

neg: Taraana (1979 film) Taraana is a 1979 Hindi movie produced by Tarachand Barjatya for Rajshri Productions. The film stars Mithun Chakravorty, Ranjeeta, Bhagwan Dada, Om Shivpuri, Jagdeep, Shreeram Lagoo, Jayshree T., Urmila Bhatt, and Sharat Saxena. The film's music is by Vijay Patil, also known as Raam Laxman.

neg: Charulatha Mani Charulatha Mani (born January 21, 1981 )is an Indian Carnatic and playback singer. She has been performing Carnatic concerts since 1999. She has also sung for movies. Charulatha has appeared in numerous TV shows and radio programmes, in India, and overseas. She has recorded many, CD and DVD albums. Her "Isai Payanam" TV show, aired on Jaya TV, deals with Ragas in Carnatic and film music and has completed more than 80 episodes.

neg: Shraddha Nigam Shraddha Nigam (born 1 October 1979) is an Indian television actress.


query: Which game has more players Spy Alley or Onyx?

pos: Spy Alley Spy Alley is a board game wherein each player secretly works for the spy agency of one of six countries. The players take turns moving around the board in an attempt to first gather the password, disguise, code book, and key corresponding to their country, and then reach their embassy, winning the game. But the player must beware, for any of one's opponents may deduce and expose one's nationality at any time, thus eliminating one from the game.

pos: Onyx (game) Onyx is a two-player abstract strategy board game invented by Larry Back in 1995. The game features a rule for performing captures, making Onyx unique among connection games.

neg: Cubic Ninja Cubic Ninja (Japanese: キュービックニンジャ , Hepburn: Kyūbikku Ninja ) is a puzzle video game for the Nintendo 3DS. Developed by AQ Interactive and published by Ubisoft, the game requires players to use the console's accelerometer and gyroscope to manipulate the titular character through various levels on a quest to rescue a princess.

neg: The Clue! The Clue! (known as "Der Clou!" in Austria) is a remake of the 1986 game "They Stole a Million". It would form a two-game series, with a sequel following in 2001, under the guise of The Sting! or Der Clou 2!. In 2000 the source code was released to the public. The game was since then ported to modern platforms (Windows, Linux) via SDL and receives still updates by the game's community (2015).

neg: Street Trace NYC Street Trace NYC is a cel-shaded combat hoverboard racing game set in the Boroughs of New York City outside Manhattan by independent software developer Gaia Industries for the Xbox 360's Xbox Live Arcade service. The game gets its name from the New York City setting and the "Tron"-like light trails the hoverboards generate. The game was released on August 22, 2007.The game is reported to have had one of the longest development cycles of any of the Xbox Live Arcade titles, with a supposed initial release date planned for the date of Xbox 360 launch on November 22, 2005. The game languished in development until it was finally released in August 2007.

neg: Dungeon Fighter Online Dungeon Fighter Online is a multiplayer PC beat 'em up video game developed and published by Neople, previously published by Nexon and originally published by Hangame. The game was originally released in Korea as Dungeon & Fighter (던전앤파이터) and in Japan as Arad Senki (アラド戦記 , Arado Senki , lit. "War Records of Arad") . Closed Beta for an English version of the game ran from July 28, 2009 to August 3, 2009. Early access has begun on September 15, 2009. Open beta started September 22, 2009. It was featured in WCG 2009, and is still a popular televised program in South Korea, where a league is active. Dungeon Fighter had a 300 million registered users celebration on May 25, 2011. It was announced on April 2, 2013, that the North American version of Dungeon Fighter Online would be shutting down on June 13, 2013. On May 15, 2014, Neople began an alpha test of a global version of Dungeon Fighter Online using the last English version hosted by Nexon, which has since ended. On October 10, 2014, Open Beta Testing was announced, set for March 24, 2015. It became one of the highest-grossing video games, grossing $8.7 billion after 10 years.

neg: Police Quest Police Quest are a series of police simulation video games produced and published by Sierra On-Line between 1987 and 1998. The first five were adventure simulation games, the first three of which were designed by former police officer Jim Walls. The fourth and later titles were designed by former LAPD Chief Daryl F. Gates. Both "SWAT" and the real-time strategy game "SWAT 2" still carried the "Police Quest" name and were numbered V and VI in the series, respectively, although subsequent titles in the series would drop the "Police Quest" title altogether.

neg: Yakuza Ishin Ryū ga Gotoku Ishin! (Japanese: 龍が如く 維新! , lit. "Like a Dragon Restoration!") , unofficially known as Yakuza Ishin, is a spin-off game in the "Yakuza" series. The game was developed and published by Sega for PlayStation 3 and was a launch title for PlayStation 4.

neg: Crafty Games Crafty Games is an American publisher of role-playing games based on espionage and fantasy themes, particularly Spycraft. The company was founded by the creative team behind the Classic Spycraft and Spycraft 2.0 RPGs, shortly after both lines were shut down by then-publisher Alderac Entertainment Group. Since its inception, Crafty Games has published over 50 products in print and PDF format, both through Mongoose Publishing's Flaming Cobra imprint and e-book vendor OneBookShelf. Crafty Games' work on Spycraft 2.0 has won nominations for the Diana Jones Award and 4 ENnie Awards in 2006.

neg: List of best-selling Game Boy Advance video games The best-selling video games of all-time on the Game Boy Advance (GBA) are "Pokémon Ruby" and "Sapphire". First released in Japan on November 21, 2002, the games went on to sell over 16 million units worldwide. "Pokémon FireRed" and "LeafGreen", enhanced remakes of the original "Pokémon Red", "Green" and "Blue" games, are the second best-selling titles on the platform with sales in excess of 12 million copies. "Pokémon Emerald", the enhanced version of "Ruby" and "Sapphire", is third with sales of more than 7 million units. The top five is rounded out by "" and "", each of which sold over 5.5 million units.

neg: Black Stone: Magic & Steel Black Stone: Magic & Steel, known in Japan as Ex-Chaser (エクスチェイサー ) , is a role-playing video game developed by XPEC Entertainment and published by Xicat Interactive for the Xbox. The theme song is "be with you" by Chihiro Yonekura.

neg: Denizen (video game) Denizen is an action computer game published by Players Software in 1988 for the ZX Spectrum.

neg: Mazera Mazera is an adventure game created by Cold River Studios and published by Astraware for Palm OS and Pocket PC. The player plays Ix, who as a boy was captured by an alien race called the Mazerians and imprisoned in their zoo, until one day something happens that gives him a chance to escape. As Ix makes his escape, he must solve a large variety of puzzles and challenges so that he can return to his home planet Ixus.

neg: Sherlock Holmes Versus Jack the Ripper Sherlock Holmes Versus Jack the Ripper is an adventure game for Microsoft Windows and Xbox 360, developed by Frogwares. It is the fifth game in the Sherlock Holmes series of adventure games developed by Frogwares. The game takes place in the London district of Whitechapel in 1888, the historical site of the Jack the Ripper murders.

neg: Spy Hunter (2012 video game) Spy Hunter is a vehicular combat racing game developed by TT Fusion, published by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment, and released for the PlayStation Vita and Nintendo 3DS. The game was the second reboot of the "Spy Hunter" series, following the first reboot of the franchise in 2001.

neg: James Bond 007 (1983 video game) James Bond 007 is a 1983 side-scrolling video game developed and published by Parker Brothers for the Atari 2600, Atari 5200, Atari 8-bit computers, Commodore 64, ColecoVision and distributed in Japan by Tsukuda Original for the Sega SG-1000.

neg: Kurohyō: Ryū ga Gotoku Shinshō Kurohyō: Ryū ga Gotoku Shinshō (Japanese: クロヒョウ　龍が如く新章 , lit. "Black Panther: Like a Dragon New Chapter") , codenamed "Project K", is a 2010 video game developed by Sega along with Syn Sophia (formerly AKI Corporation) and released by Sega for the PlayStation Portable. The game was introduced on April 21, 2010 by "Famitsu" and is a spin-off from Sega's "Yakuza" series. An adaptation of the game was televised from October 5 to December 21, 2010 on Tokyo Broadcasting System.

neg: Espionage! Espionage! is a role-playing game published by Hero Games in 1983.

neg: Dungeon Party Dungeon Party is a 3D MMOG developed by Cyanide Studio. The game was officially released May 15, 2009 globally.

neg: Duelyst Duelyst is a free-to-play collectible card game and turn-based strategy hybrid. The full game was officially released on April 27, 2016 on both Microsoft Windows and OS X platforms having previously been in an open-beta period. In August 23, 2016 Duelyst launched on the Steam platform to overall very positive user reviews.

neg: Emerald Mine Emerald Mine is a computer game series by Kingsoft.

neg: Bloodwych Bloodwych is a dungeon role-playing video game, a dungeon crawler, developed for the Amiga, Atari ST, MS-DOS, Amstrad CPC, Commodore 64, and ZX Spectrum. Its box featured artwork by Chris Achilleos. The plotline identifies the player as a champion of Trazere who, after recruiting up to three fellow champions, travels through dungeons and mazes fighting creatures along the way to find and destroy the evil Zendick, and banish the Lord of Entropy.


query: Who was the President who owned both James Heming and Sarah "Sally" Hemings?

pos: James Hemings James Hemings (1765–1801) was an American mixed-race slave owned and freed by Thomas Jefferson. He was an older brother of Sally Hemings and a half-sibling of Jefferson's wife Martha Wayles Skelton Jefferson because their father was John Wayles. As a young man, Hemings was selected by Jefferson to accompany him to Paris when the latter was appointed Minister to France. There Hemings was trained to be a French chef; independently, he took lessons to learn to speak the French language.

pos: Sally Hemings Sarah "Sally" Hemings ( 1773 – 1835) was an enslaved woman of mixed race owned by President Thomas Jefferson. Most historians believe Jefferson was the father of her six children, born after the death of his wife, Martha Jefferson. Four survived to adulthood, and were given freedom by Jefferson. Hemings was the youngest of six siblings by the widowed planter John Wayles and a mixed-race woman he kept as a slave, Betty Hemings; Sally and her siblings were three-quarters European and half-siblings of Jefferson's wife, Martha Wayles Skelton. As an infant Sally came to Monticello as part of Martha's inheritance of her father's slave holdings.

neg: James Warren (politician) James Warren (September 28, 1726 – November 28, 1808) was the President of the Massachusetts Provincial Congress and a Paymaster General of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, among other positions. He is also famous as the husband of Mercy Otis Warren and for his outspoken courage as an Anti-Federalist. General James Warren is sometimes confused with the two other Massachusetts Revolutionaries, the brothers Joseph Warren and John Warren, but they were not at all closely related, merely had similar names and views.

neg: John Wayles Jefferson John Wayles Jefferson, born John Wayles Hemings (May 8, 1835 – July 12, 1892), was a successful businessman before and after the American Civil War, in which he served in the Union Army and was promoted to the rank of colonel. Jefferson owned a successful hotel in Madison, Wisconsin, in the 1850s; after the Civil War he moved to Memphis, Tennessee, where he achieved wealth as a cotton broker. Jefferson is believed to be a grandson of Thomas Jefferson, third President of the United States; his paternal grandmother was Sarah (Sally) Hemings, the president's mixed-race slave and half-sister to his late wife.

neg: Ash Hill (Maryland) Ash Hill, or Hitching Post Hill, is a two-story brick dwelling erected ca. 1840, and located on Rosemary Lane, in Hyattsville, Prince George's County, Maryland. The house was built by Robert Clark, an Englishman who was seeking space and quiet in contrast to the crowded city of Washington, D.C. In 1875, General Edward Fitzgerald Beale bought the property. Beale entertained luminaries such as President U.S. Grant (a close personal friend who kept his two Arabian horses, Leopard and Linden, stabled at Ash Hill), President Grover Cleveland and Buffalo Bill Cody. The house, with its foot-thick brick walls and hilltop site, is an imposing one, made even more so by the massive pillared porch which surrounds it on three sides. The porch was added by Admiral Chauncey Thomas who purchased the property in 1895.

neg: John Morrison Clay John Morrison Clay (February 21, 1821 – August 10, 1887) was a Kentucky thoroughbred breeder, a son of statesman Henry Clay, and a husband of Josephine Russell Clay and the brother of Henry Clay, Jr. and James Brown Clay. He was also called "John M. Clay".

neg: Antoinette Polk Antoinette Polk, Baroness de Charette (October 27, 1847 - February 3, 1919) was an American Southern belle in the Antebellum South and (by marriage) French aristocrat in the Gilded Age. Born into the planter elite, the great-niece of the 11th President of the United States James K. Polk, and an heiress to plantations in Tennessee, she was a "Southern heroine" who saved Confederate States Army personnel during the American Civil War of 1861-1865. After the war, she moved to Europe, where she took to foxhunting in the Roman Campagna of Italy and the English countryside, and later became a Baroness and socialite in Paris and Britanny.

neg: Mount Vernon Mount Vernon was the plantation house of George Washington, the first President of the United States, and his wife, Martha Dandridge Custis Washington. The estate is situated on the banks of the Potomac River in Fairfax County, Virginia, near Alexandria, across from Prince George's County, Maryland. The Washington family had owned land in the area since the time of Washington's great-grandfather in 1674. In 1739 they embarked on an expansion of the estate that continued under George Washington, who came into possession of the estate in 1754, but did not become its sole owner until 1761.

neg: Sophia Dallas Sophia Chew Nicklin Dallas (June 25, 1798 – January 11, 1869) was the wife of Vice President George Mifflin Dallas who served under President James K. Polk. She was the daughter of Philadelphia merchant Philip Nicklin and Julianna Nicklin (née Chew), and the granddaughter of Benjamin Chew.

neg: James Gerard Kennedy Sr. James Gerard Kennedy Sr. (February 7, 1907 – December 24, 1997) aka James G. Kennedy, was the founder, president, and chairman of James G. Kennedy & Company, Inc. in New York City.

neg: Samuel Ealy Johnson Jr. Samuel Ealy Johnson Jr. (October 11, 1877 – October 23, 1937) was an American businessman and politician. He was a Democratic member of the Texas House of Representatives representing the 89th District. He served in the 29th, 30th, 35th, 37th, and 38th Texas Legislatures. He was the father of the 36th President of the United States, Lyndon B. Johnson and the son of Samuel Ealy Johnson Sr. He was a struggling farmer and cattle speculator who lived in the Texas Hill Country.

neg: James R. Houghton James R. Houghton is the retired Chairman of the Board of Corning Incorporated.

neg: James Semler James "Soldier Boy" Semler was an American sports executive who co-owned the New York Black Yankees of the Negro National League. He owned the team, along with Bill Robinson, from 1932 to 1948.

neg: Lincoln Log Cabin State Historic Site The Lincoln Log Cabin State Historic Site is an 86-acre (0.3 km²) history park located eight miles (13 km) south of Charleston, Illinois, U.S., near the town of Lerna. Its centerpiece is a replica of the log cabin built and occupied by Thomas Lincoln, father of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln. The younger Lincoln never lived here and visited infrequently, but he provided financial help to the household and, after Thomas died in 1851, Abraham owned and maintained the farm for his stepmother, Sarah Bush Lincoln. The farmstead is operated by the Illinois Historic Preservation Agency.

neg: Sarah Kidder Sarah Clark Kidder (var. Sara) (c.1839 - September 1933) was president of Northern California's Nevada County Narrow Gauge Railroad (NCNGRR) from 1901 to 1913. She was the first female railroad president in the world, taking on the position upon the death of her husband, John Flint Kidder, who is credited with building the railroad.

neg: Thomas A. Scott Thomas Alexander Scott (December 28, 1823 – May 21, 1881) was an American businessman, railroad executive, and industrialist. He was the fourth president of the Pennsylvania Railroad (1874-1880), later the largest publicly traded corporation in the world.

neg: James Cephas Derby James Cephas Derby (1818-1892) was an American book publisher in New York state. He created several business partnerships which issued works by Margaret C. Conkling, Fanny Fern, Samuel Griswold Goodrich, Josiah Hopkins, Solomon Northup, William H. Seward, Mary Virginia Terhune, Catherine Anne Warfield, and others. He also helped organize the American portion of the 1867 International Exposition in Paris.

neg: James Crown James Schine Crown (born June 25, 1953) is an American businessman and heir. He is president of Henry Crown and Company, a family investment company. He is a director of JPMorgan Chase & Co., General Dynamics and Sara Lee. He is also the managing partner of the Aspen Skiing Company.

neg: John Mason (businessman) John Mason (c. 1773 – September 26, 1839) was an early American businessperson, merchant and banker. Mason served as the second president of Chemical Bank from 1831 through 1839 and would later be referred to as "the father of the Chemical Bank". Mason was a founder of the New York and Harlem Railroad, one of the first railroads in the United States in 1831 and served as the company's second president.

neg: Harry Payne Whitney Harry Payne Whitney (April 29, 1872 – October 26, 1930) was an American businessman, thoroughbred horse breeder, and member of the prominent Whitney family.

neg: Martha Washington Martha Washington ("née" Dandridge; June 13 [O.S. June 2] 1731 – May 22, 1802) was the wife of George Washington, the first president of the United States of America. Although the title was not coined until after her death, Martha Washington is considered to be the first First Lady of the United States. During her lifetime she was often referred to as "Lady Washington".

neg: Paul Jennings (slave) Paul Jennings (1799–1874) was a personal servant, as a young slave, to President James Madison during and after his White House years. After buying his freedom in 1845 from Daniel Webster, Jennings is noted for publishing in 1865 the first White House memoir. His book was "A Colored Man's Reminiscences of James Madison", described as "a singular document in the history of slavery and the early American republic."


query: Tay Garnett and Alexander Kluge both have what job?

pos: Tay Garnett William Taylor "Tay" Garnett (June 13, 1894 – October 3, 1977) was an American film director and writer.

pos: Alexander Kluge Alexander Kluge (born 14 February 1932) is a German author, philosopher, academic and film director.

neg: Eliot Gant Elliot Gant (March 21, 1926 – March 12, 2016) was an American garment businessman, and an executive for the retailer Gant.

neg: Kevin Garnett Kevin Maurice Garnett (born May 19, 1976) is an American former professional basketball player who played for 21 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played the power forward and center positions. In high school, Garnett was a 1995 McDonald's All-American at Farragut Career Academy and won a national player of the year award. He entered the 1995 NBA draft, where he was selected with the fifth overall pick by the Minnesota Timberwolves and became the first NBA player drafted directly out of high school in 20 years.

neg: Kyle Thompson Kyle Thompson (born April 25, 1979) is an American professional golfer.

neg: Ken Genge Kenneth Lyle Genge (born 25 October 1933) is a retired Canadian Anglican bishop.

neg: Rufus Guthrie Dallas Rufus Guthrie (born c. 1942, died 2000) is a former American football player who attended and played for the Georgia Institute of Technology (a.k.a. Georgia Tech).

neg: Josh Kline Josh Kline (born December 29, 1989) is an American football offensive guard for the Tennessee Titans of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for Kent State.

neg: Larry Riley (basketball) Larry Riley is the director of scouting for the Golden State Warriors of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He was formerly the team's general manager but was replaced by Bob Myers on April 24, 2012. He was responsible for drafting Stephen Curry and Klay Thompson.

neg: Richard W. Garnett Richard W. Garnett (born November 6, 1968) is an associate dean and professor of law at Notre Dame Law School, teaching in the areas of criminal law, criminal procedure, First Amendment law, and the death penalty. He has contributed to research in such topics as school choice and Catholic social teaching. His articles have appeared in a variety of prominent law journals, including the "Cornell Law Review", the "Georgetown Law Journal", the "Michigan Law Review", and the "UCLA Law Review". He also regularly appears in "The New York Times", "USA Today", and "The Wall Street Journal" and as a guest on National Public Radio.

neg: 2007–08 Minnesota Timberwolves season The 2007–08 Minnesota Timberwolves season was their 19th season in the NBA and their first since 1995 that Kevin Garnett was not on the roster as he was traded to the Boston Celtics.

neg: Alan Knott-Craig (Senior) Alan Knott-Craig (born 8 May 1952, Oudtshoorn, South Africa) is a retired South African former CEO of Vodacom (1996 - 2008) and Cell C (2012 - 2014).

neg: Gene Gammage Eugene Seldon "Gene" Gammage (born January 30, 1931, Atlanta, Georgia) is an American jazz drummer.

neg: Addison Garnett Addison Righteous Adam Garnett (born 13 September 1996) is an English professional footballer who plays as a defender for Crawley Town.

neg: Andrew Gertler Andrew Gertler (born November 8, 1988) is an American talent manager that represents Island Records recording artist Shawn Mendes, as well as Rick Ross's Maybach Music Group / Atlantic Records recording artist Rockie Fresh. Gertler was named one of Forbes' "30 Under 30" in Music in 2016 and is credited with discovering Mendes in 2014.

neg: Gregory Aull Gregory Aull (born February 15, 1961, Brooklyn, New York, United States) is currently the American technical director for "The Tonight Show with Jimmy Fallon" on NBC. He has also worked in various technical capacities for Howard Stern, "Saturday Night Live", Rosanne Barr and Conan O'Brien. For his efforts he has received 10 Emmy Award nominations including one win with "Saturday Night Live".

neg: Steve Runge Steve Runge (born June 12, 1968) is an American college golf coach and former professional golfer.

neg: Steven Gachette Steven Gachette (born July 28, 1988) is a former American professional football quarterback. He was also a member of the Calgary Stampeders, Kansas City Command, Allen Wranglers, Philadelphia Soul and Orlando Predators. He played college football at NCAA Division II Southwest Baptist University.

neg: Griffin Gluck Griffin Alexander Gluck (born August 24, 2000) is an American actor. On television, he is notable for his starring role as Charlie in "Red Band Society" and main role as Mason Warner on "Private Practice" and as Danny Gannon in "Back in the Game". In film, he has portrayed Rafe Khatchadorian in the film "."

neg: Kenny Natt Kenneth Wayne "Kenny" Natt (born October 5, 1958) is a former American professional basketball player and ex-interim head coach for the National Basketball Association's Sacramento Kings. He was a 6'3" 185 lb guard and played collegiately at Northeast Louisiana University (now the University of Louisiana-Monroe) and had a three-year NBA playing career. After serving as an assistant with the Cleveland Cavaliers from 2004 to 2007, Natt was named to the coaching staff of newly appointed Kings head coach and former Kansas City Kings teammate Reggie Theus in 2007. He was subsequently named interim head coach on the firing of Theus, but he himself was fired on April 24, 2009, after the Kings finished with an NBA season-low 17 wins.

neg: Quinn Cook Quinn Alexander Cook (born March 23, 1993) is an American professional basketball player for the Atlanta Hawks of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for Duke University and was one of the top rated basketball recruits in the class of 2011.

neg: Maxi Kleber Maximilian "Maxi" Kleber (born January 29, 1992) is a German professional basketball player for the Dallas Mavericks of the National Basketball Association (NBA). Standing at 2.11 m (6 ft 11 in), he plays at the power forward position.


query: The German invasion began one week after the signing of what neutrality pact between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union signed in Moscow on 23 August 1939?

pos: Invasion of Poland The Invasion of Poland, known in Poland as the September Campaign ("Kampania wrześniowa") or the 1939 Defensive War ("Wojna obronna 1939 roku"), and in Germany as the Poland Campaign ("Polenfeldzug") or "Fall Weiss" ("Case White"), was a joint invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union, the Free City of Danzig, and a small Slovak contingent, that marked the beginning of World War II. The German invasion began on 1 September 1939, one week after the signing of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, while the Soviet invasion commenced on 17 September following the Molotov-Tōgō agreement that terminated the Russian and Japanese hostilities in the east on 16 September. The campaign ended on 6 October with Germany and the Soviet Union dividing and annexing the whole of Poland under the terms of the German–Soviet Frontier Treaty.

pos: Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, also known as the Nazi–Soviet Pact, the German–Soviet Non-aggression Pact or the Nazi German-Soviet Pact of Aggression (officially: "Treaty of Non-aggression between Germany and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics"), was a neutrality pact between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union signed in Moscow on 23 August 1939 by foreign ministers Joachim von Ribbentrop and Vyacheslav Molotov, respectively. The pact was followed by the German-Soviet Commercial Agreement in February 1940.

neg: Oder–Neisse line The Oder–Neisse line (Polish: "granica na Odrze i Nysie Łużyckiej" , German: "Oder-Neiße-Grenze" ) is the international border between Germany and Poland. It was drawn at the Potsdam Conference in the aftermath of the Second World War and is primarily delineated along the Oder and Lusatian Neisse rivers in Central Europe, meeting the Baltic Sea to the north, just west of the Polish seaports of Szczecin and Świnoujście (German: "Stettin" and "Swinemünde"). All prewar German territory east of the line and within the 1937 German boundaries (23.8% of the former Weimar Republic) were placed under International Law Administrative status, with most of it being made part of newly-Communist Poland. The small remainder, consisting of the territory surrounding the German city of Königsberg (now renamed Kaliningrad, in honour of Soviet head of state Mikhail Kalinin) in northern East Prussia, was allocated to the Soviet Union (as Kaliningrad Oblast of the Russian SFSR, today the Russian Federation) after the war (pending the final World War II peace treaty for Germany). The vast majority of the native German population in these territories fled, or were killed or expelled by force. The Oder–Neisse line marked the border between the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) and Poland from 1950 to 1990. East Germany confirmed the border with Poland in 1950, while West Germany, after a period of refusal, finally accepted the border (with reservations) in 1970. In 1990 the newly reunified Germany and the Republic of Poland signed a treaty recognizing it as their border.

neg: Greater Hamburg Act The Greater Hamburg Act (German: "Groß-Hamburg-Gesetz" ), in full the Law Regarding Greater Hamburg and Other Territorial Readjustments (German: "Gesetz über Groß-Hamburg und andere Gebietsbereinigungen" ), was passed by the government of Nazi Germany on 26 January 1937, and mandated the exchange of territories between Hamburg and the Free State of Prussia. It became effective on 1 April 1937.

neg: German Armistice Commission The German Armistice Commission ("Waffenstillstandskommission", WAKO) was created by Article 22 of the Franco-German Armistice, signed on 22 June 1940. The armistice came into effect at the same time as the Franco-Italian Armistice on 25 June. The Commission's seat was at Wiesbaden.

neg: Gertrude (code name) The Gertrude or Gertrud was the code name of the invasion plan for Turkey by Nazi Germany, the idea began forming in the beginning of the summer of 1942. This code name was eventually changed.

neg: Operation Otto Operation Otto (also known as Plan Otto) was the code name for two independent plans by Nazi Germany. The 1938 plan was to occupy Austria; the second envisaged an attack on the Soviet Union and was developed from late July 1940.

neg: Ceaușescu's speech of 21 August 1968 Ceaușescu's speech of 21 August 1968 was a public address by Nicolae Ceaușescu, General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party and President of the State Council, strongly condemning the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia. On the night of 20–21 August 1968, five Warsaw Pact nations - the Soviet Union, Bulgaria, Hungary, East Germany, and Poland - invaded Czechoslovakia in an effort to quell the reformist ideology of Alexander Dubček, the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia.

neg: Battle of Grodno (1939) The Battle of Grodno took place between 21 September and 24 September 1939, during the Soviet invasion of Poland. It was fought between improvised Polish units under Gen. Wacław Przeździecki and the Red Army of the Soviet Union, at the time in a non-aggression agreement with Nazi Germany under the Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact. Troops of: XV Armoured Corps, VI Cavalry Corpse, and 21st Heavy Tanks Brigade from Cavalry Mechanised group of komkor Iwana Wasiljewicza Bołdin.

neg: Baltic Entente The Baltic Entente was based on Treaty of Good-Understanding and Co-operation signed between Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia on September 12, 1934 in Geneva. The main objective of the agreement was joint action in foreign policy. It also included commitments to support one another politically and to give diplomatic support in international communication. The endeavour was ultimately unsuccessful, as the combined strength of the three nations and their statements of neutrality were insubstantial in the face of the massive armies of Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union.

neg: Soviet invasion of Manchuria The Soviet invasion of Manchuria, also known as the Manchurian Strategic Offensive Operation ("Манчжурская стратегическая наступательная операция" , lit. "Manchzhurskaya Strategicheskaya Nastupatelnaya Operaciya") or simply the Manchurian Operation ("Маньчжурская операция"), began on 9 August 1945 with the Soviet invasion of the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo. It was the last campaign of the Second World War, and the largest of the 1945 Soviet–Japanese War which resumed hostilities between the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the Empire of Japan after almost six years of peace. Soviet gains on the continent were Manchukuo, Mengjiang (Inner Mongolia) and northern Korea. The Soviet entry into the war and the defeat of the Kwantung Army was a significant factor in the Japanese government's decision to surrender unconditionally, as it made apparent the Soviet Union would no longer be willing to act as a third party in negotiating an end to hostilities on conditional terms.

neg: Invasion of Yugoslavia The invasion of Yugoslavia, also known as the April War or Operation 25, was a German-led attack on the Kingdom of Yugoslavia by the Axis powers which began on 6 April 1941 during World War II. The order for the invasion was put forward in "Führer Directive No. 25", which Adolf Hitler issued on 27 March 1941, following the Yugoslav coup d'état.

neg: Battle of Łomża (1939) Battle of Łomża (7–10 September 1939) was a series of armed engagements during the Nazi German and Soviet Invasion of Poland. The battle took place in and around the town of Łomża, on both sides of the Narew River.

neg: German war crimes during the Battle of Moscow The German troops invading the USSR during World War II committed various war crimes during the Battle of Moscow, between October 1941 and January 1942.

neg: Operationsbefehl Hartmut Operationsbefehl Hartmut (literally "Operation Order Hartmut") was the code word to begin German submarine operations during Operation Weserübung - Nazi Germany's invasion of Denmark and Norway. Occasionally these operations are termed Operation Hartmut. The orders involved submarine screening actions for the German invasion fleet and reconnaissance - particularly off Narvik and Trondheim. The orders also resulted in a number of attacks on Allied forces - particularly in or near the fjords of the Norwegian coast.

neg: German–Soviet Credit Agreement (1939) The German–Soviet Credit Agreement (also referred to as the German–Soviet Trade and Credit Agreement) was an economic arrangement between the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany whereby Soviet Union received an acceptance credit of 200 million Reichsmark. over 7 years with an effective interest rate of 4.5 percent. The credit line was to be used during the next two years for purchase of capital goods (factory equipment, installations, machinery and machine tools, ships, vehicles, and other means of transport) in Germany and was to be paid off by means of Soviet material shipment from 1946 onwards. The economic agreement was the first step toward improvement in relations between the Soviet Union and Germany. The next day after the Credit Agreement, the Soviet Union went to war against Japan, in a successful four-week military campaign in the Far East. The Nazi-Soviet Pact was signed four days after the Credit Agreement. The 1939 German–Soviet Commercial Agreement renewed declined Nazi–Soviet economic relations and was adjusted and expanded with the larger German–Soviet Commercial Agreement in February 1940 and January 1941 German–Soviet Border and Commercial Agreement. German shipments to the Soviets became tardy and failed to provide all that was promised the closer the date of Barbarossa came. The Soviets fulfilled their obligations to the letter right up until the invasion, wanting to avoid provoking Germany. All these agreements were terminated when Germany invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941, in violation of the treaties between the two countries. Soviet trade with Germany in the pre-invasion period ended up providing the Germans with many of the resources they needed for their invasion of the Soviet Union.

neg: Battle of Grudziądz Battle of Grudziądz was a military engagement between German and Polish forces during the early days of the Invasion of Poland in September 1939. It started on September 1, and ended with a German victory on September 4. German historiography has dealt with the fighting in the larger context of the Battle of Tuchola Forest.

neg: Operation Braunschweig Operation "Braunschweig" (Eng: "Brunswick"), named after the German city, was the German summer offensive that began on 28 June 1942. The operation was initially named "Fall Blau" (Case Blue), which is the common name used for the whole offensive. The name was changed from "Blau" to "Braunschweig" on 30 June. The plans following the original Case Blue (originally named "Blue I" and "Blue II") were renamed to Operation Clausewitz and Operation Dampfhammer. "Clausewitz" detailed the beginning of the operations of Army Group A in July 1942, "Dampfhammer" the follow-up operations in July 1942.

neg: Battle of the Border The Battle of the Border (Polish: "Bitwa graniczna" ) refers to the battles that occurred in the first days of the German invasion of Poland in September, 1939. The series of battles ended in a German victory, as Polish forces were either destroyed or forced to retreat.

neg: German bombing of Rotterdam The German bombing of Rotterdam, also known as the Rotterdam Blitz, was the aerial bombardment of Rotterdam by the "Luftwaffe" on 14 May 1940, during the German invasion of the Netherlands in World War II. The objective was to support the German troops fighting in the city, break Dutch resistance and force the Dutch to surrender. Even though preceding negotiations resulted in a ceasefire, the bombardment took place nonetheless, in conditions which remain controversial, and destroyed almost the entire historic city centre, killing nearly 900 people and making 85,000 others homeless.

neg: German–Latvian Non-Aggression Pact The German–Latvian Non-Aggression Pact was signed in Berlin on June 7, 1939.

neg: German–Soviet Commercial Agreement (1940) The 1940 German-Soviet Commercial Agreement (also known as Economic Agreement of February 11, 1940, Between the German Reich and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) was an economic arrangement between the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany signed on February 11, 1940 by which the Soviet Union agreed in period from February 11, 1940 to February 11, 1941, in addition to the deliveries under German–Soviet Commercial Agreement, signed on August 19, 1939


query: Which breed was developed first, the Doberman Pinscher or the Old Time Farm Shepherd?

pos: Doberman Pinscher The Doberman Pinscher (] ), or Dobermann, or Doberman, is a medium-large breed of domestic dog originally developed around 1890 by Karl Friedrich Louis Dobermann, a tax collector from Germany. The Doberman has a long muzzle and stands on its toes (not the pads) and is not usually heavy-footed. Ideally, they have an even and graceful gait. Traditionally, the ears are cropped and posted, and the tail is docked. However, in some countries it is illegal to do so. Dobermans have markings on the chest, paws/legs, muzzle, above the eyes, and underneath the tail.

pos: Old Time Farm Shepherd The Old Time Farm Shepherd is a rare breed of working dog known for its versatility and intelligence. Old Time Farm Shepherds are the descendants of the old working Scotch Collies that were common on farms in America in the early twentieth century; as a recognized breed, they were started by J. Richard McDuffie in 1994.

neg: Russo-European Laika Russo-European Laika (Russko-Evropeĭskaya Láĭka) is the name of a breed of hunting dog that originated in the forested region of northern Europe and Russia, one of several breeds developed from landrace Laika dogs of very ancient Spitz type. The "Russo-European Laika" itself dates to a breeding program begun in 1944 by E. I. Shereshevsky of the All-Union Research Institute for the Hunting Industry, in Kalinin (now Tver) Province.

neg: French Spaniel The French Spaniel (Epagneul Français) is a breed of dog of the Spaniel-like setter. It was developed in France and Canada as a hunting dog, descended from dogs of the 14th century. Popular with royalty during the Middle Ages, it nearly became extinct by the turn of the 20th century but was saved by the efforts of Father Fournier, a French priest. One of the largest breeds of Spaniel, it typically has a white coat with brown markings. It is a friendly breed that has few health issues, but can be affected by a syndrome called acral mutilation and analgesia. The breed is recognised by Canadian and international kennel clubs but not by The Kennel Club (UK). The American Kennel Club has included the breed in its Foundation Stock Service, the first step to full recognition.

neg: Clumber Spaniel The Clumber Spaniel is a breed of dog of the spaniel type, developed in the United Kingdom. It is the largest of the spaniels, and comes in predominantly white with either lemon or orange markings, but can sometimes be either brown or lemon predominantly. The name of the breed is taken from Clumber Park in Nottinghamshire where the breed was first developed. It is a gundog that specialises in hunting in heavy cover. They are gentle and loyal, and can act aloof with strangers. They have several habits which could be considered disadvantages, including a constant shedding of its coat and snoring.

neg: Kuvasz The Kuvasz (] ), is an ancient breed of a livestock dog of Hungarian origin. Mention of the breed can be found in old Hungarian texts. It has historically been used as a royal guard dog, or to guard livestock, but has been increasingly found in homes as a pet over the last seventy years.

neg: Ferry v. Rauhfelsen of Giralda Ch. Ferry v. Rauhfelsen of Giralda (9 January, 1937 – 1943) also known as Ferry, a Doberman Pinscher, best known for being Best in Show at the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show in both 1939 while owned by Geraldine Rockefeller Dodge. He was the grandfather of two-time champion, Rancho Dobe's Storm.

neg: Miniature Schnauzer The Miniature Schnauzer is a breed of small dog of the Schnauzer type that originated in Germany in the mid-to-late 19th century. Miniature Schnauzers developed from crosses between the Standard Schnauzer and one or more smaller breeds such as the Poodle and Affenpinscher, as farmers bred a small dog that was an efficient ratting dog. They are described as "spunky" but aloof dogs, with good guarding tendencies without some guard dogs' predisposition to bite. Miniature Schnauzers are recognized in three colors internationally: solid black, black and silver, and a color known as 'salt and pepper'. There is a controversial fourth color variant in Miniature Schnauzers, pure white, which is not recognized universally.

neg: Scotch Collie The Scotch Collie is a landrace breed of dog which originated from the highland regions of Scotland. The breed consisted of both the long-haired (now known as Rough) Collie and the short-haired (now known as Smooth) Collie. It is generally believed to have descended from a variety of ancient herding dogs, some dating back to the Roman occupation, which may have included Roman Cattle Dogs, Native Celtic Dogs and Viking Herding Spitzes. Other ancestors include the Gordon and Irish Setters.

neg: Brittany (breed) The Brittany is a breed of gun dog bred primarily for bird hunting. Although it is often referred to as a spaniel, the breed's working characteristics are more akin to those of a pointer or setter. Brittanys were developed in the Brittany province of France between the 17th and 19th centuries, becoming officially recognized early in the 20th.

neg: Donnie (dog) Donnie is a Doberman Pinscher dog who came to the attention of science due to his penchant for arranging his plush toys in geometric forms. His owner rescued him from an animal shelter, and at first he was slow to learn, and very reluctant to interact socially with her.

neg: Illyrian Shepherd The Illyrian Shepherd was a dog breed registered with the Fédération Cynologique Internationale FCI since 1939 under Standard number 41 "Illirski Ovcar". In 1957 the FCI changed the name of the breed to "Yugoslavian Shepherd Dog Sharplanina" (Šarplaninac). Up to 16 March 1968 the Karst Shepherd (kraški ovčar) carried the same name. Since then the two breeds are independent.

neg: American English Coonhound The English Coonhound, also referred to as the American English Coonhound (by the American Kennel Club only) or the Redtick Coonhound, is a breed of coonhound that originated and is typically bred in the Southern United States. It is descended from hunting hounds brought to America by settlers during the 17th and 18th centuries, resulting in the dogs known as the "Virginia Hounds". The breed's first recognition came from the United Kennel Club in 1905 as the English Fox and Coonhound. Further recognition has been granted in recent years by the American Kennel Club, first in the Foundation Stock Service and in 2011 as a fully recognized member of the hound group.

neg: Lurcher The lurcher is the offspring of a sighthound mated with another breed, most commonly a pastoral breed or a terrier type of dog. Brian Plummer identifies the Norfolk lurcher as the predecessor of the modern lurcher. While not a pure breed, it is generally a cross between a sighthound and a working dog breed. Collie crosses are popular, given the working instinct of a sheepdog when mated with a sighthound gives a dog of great intelligence plus speed—prerequisites for the hunter/poacher. In the US midwest, crosses with large scent hounds are fairly common.

neg: Cocker Spaniel Cocker Spaniels are dogs belonging to two breeds of the spaniel dog type: the American Cocker Spaniel and the English Cocker Spaniel, both of which are commonly called simply "Cocker Spaniel" in their countries of origin. In the early 20th century, Cocker Spaniels also included small hunting Spaniels.

neg: Giant Schnauzer The Giant Schnauzer is a working breed of dog developed in the 17th century in Germany. It is the largest of the three breeds of Schnauzerthe other two breeds being the Standard Schnauzer and the Miniature Schnauzer. Numerous breeds were used in its development, including the black Great Dane, the Bouvier des Flandres, and the German Pinscher. Originally bred to assist on farms by driving livestock to market and guarding the farmer's property, the breed eventually moved into the city, where it worked guarding breweries, butchers' shops, stockyards and factories. It was unknown outside of Bavaria until it became popular as a military dog during World War I and World War II.

neg: Russkiy Toy The Russian Toy (also known as the Russian Toy Terrier, and in Russia as the Russkiy Toy, Toychik,Russian: Русский той, Тойчик ) is a very small breed of dog originally bred in Russia from the English Toy Terrier which is known today as the Manchester Terrier. There are two types of coats in the breed: smooth coat and long coat. The smooth-coated variety was previously known as the Russian Toy Terrier and long-coated as the Moscow Long Haired Toy Terrier. Both were brought together under the same Russian Toy Terrier name in 1988 and the "Terrier" was dropped from the name when the breed was added in 2006 to the official list of breeds registered with the Fédération Cynologique Internationale and has been registered in the Foundation Stock Service of the American Kennel Club since 2008, allowed to compete in AKC companion events since 2010. The first official breed standard of the two varieties was written in 1966 in Russia.

neg: Harlequin Pinscher The Harlequin Pinscher is a type of Miniature Pinscher, which is a toy-sized dog. It originated in Germany and was created by crossing traditional Miniature Pinschers with various toy-sized short-haired terriers. It originated in Germany where it was used to kill rats and mice. It is known by several different names including the Harlequin Pinscher, Spotted Pinscher, Merle Pinscher, Harlequin Miniature Pinscher and the Harlequin Min Pin. It is believed that the Harlequin Pinscher was created in Germany some time during the late 18th century. They were likely the result of crosses between traditional Miniature Pinschers and Toy Fox Terriers or Rat Terriers. While Harlequin and other Min Pins were mainly used for ratting throughout history, they were also cherished pets. Harlequin Pinschers nearly became extinct following World War II; however, a group of enthusiasts worked together to revive the breed by collecting worthy specimens to breed. Today, although the Harlequin Pinscher is rather rare, select Min Pin breeders are working hard to establish it as a pure-breed that is eligible for registration.

neg: Romanian Mioritic Shepherd Dog The Romanian Mioritic Shepherd Dog is a large breed of livestock guardian dog that originated in the Carpathian Mountains of Romania.

neg: Landrace pig The term Landrace pig or Landrace swine refers to any of a group of standardized breeds of domestic pig, and in this context the word "Landrace" is typically capitalized. The original breed by this name was the Danish Landrace pig, from which the others were derived through development and crossbreeding. The breed was so-named because the foundation stock of the Danish Landrace were specimens from the local, free-breeding, non-pedigreed stock of swine, i.e. the regional landrace native to Denmark. The modern breeds are not themselves landraces, since they are formal breeds maintained through selective breeding rather than natural selection. The establishment and spread of the Danish breed gave the word "landrace" to the English language (it had already existed in Danish, German, Dutch and some other Germanic languages). Sources from the mid-20th century often mean the Danish Landrace swine in particular when referring to "Landrace" pigs, as most of the others had not been developed yet.

neg: Weimaraner The Weimaraner ( ) is a large dog that was originally bred for hunting in the early 19th century. Early Weimaraners were used by royalty for hunting large game such as boar, bear, and deer. As the popularity of large game hunting began to decline, Weimaraners were used for hunting smaller animals like fowl, rabbits, and foxes.

neg: Landrace A landrace is a domesticated, locally adapted, traditional variety of a species of animal or plant that has developed over time, through adaptation to its natural and cultural environment of agriculture and pastoralism, and due to isolation from other populations of the species. Landraces are generally distinguished from cultivars, and from breeds in the standardized sense, although the term landrace breed is sometimes used as distinguished from the term "standardized breed" when referring to cattle. The "-race" in this word refers to the taxonomic definition of "race" in biology, not the ethnographic sense of the word.