query: Were Phalène and Blue Lacy breeds bred for the same purpose?

pos: Phalène The Phalène (] , ""moth[-eared]"") is a toy dog breed, the drop eared variety of the Papillon (""butterfly[-eared]"") dog. Both varieties can occur in the same litter.

pos: Blue Lacy The Lacy Dog or Blue Lacy Dog is a breed of working dog that originated in Texas in the mid-19th century. The Lacy was first recognized in 2001 by the Texas Senate. In Senate Resolution No. 436, the 77th Legislature honored the Lacy as "a true Texas breed". In June 2005, Governor Rick Perry signed the legislation adopting the Blue Lacy as "the official State Dog Breed of Texas". As expected, the vast majority of Lacy dogs are found in Texas. However, as the breed becomes more well recognized, there are breeding populations being established across the United States, Canada, and most recently in Europe.

neg: Aylesbury duck The Aylesbury duck is a breed of domesticated duck, bred mainly for its meat and appearance. It is a large duck with pure white plumage, a pink bill, orange legs and feet, an unusually large keel, and a horizontal stance with its body parallel to the ground. The precise origins of the breed are unclear, but raising white ducks became popular in Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, England, in the 18th century owing to the demand for white feathers as a filler for quilts. Over the 19th century selective breeding for size, shape and colour led to the Aylesbury duck.

neg: Purebred breeders Purebred breeders are dog breeders that intentionally breed purebred dogs specifically to continue the lineage of certain breed characteristics in dogs by mating selected canines.

neg: French Saddle Pony The French Saddle Pony, also called the Poney Français de Selle, is pony breed developed as a sport pony for children and smaller adult riders. It was initially developed in 1969 as the Poney de Croisement (Cross-bred Pony), and in 1972 a stud book was created. In 1991 the stud book was closed and the breed renamed to Poney Français de Selle. The breed combines a mix of French and British pony breeds, as well as Thoroughbred and Arabian blood, to create the horse seen today. Due to the large number of breeds used to create the French Saddle Pony, there is not yet a defined set of physical characteristics for the breed, although all tend to be suited for competition in English riding disciplines, including dressage, show jumping and three-day eventing. They fill a similar role as the British Riding Pony and the German riding pony.

neg: Vulnerable Native Breeds Vulnerable Native Breeds are a group of dog breeds originating in the United Kingdom and Ireland, and identified by The Kennel Club (KC) as having annual registration numbers of 300 puppies or fewer. The need for such a list was first identified in June 2003, with research conducted by the KC to identify the extent of the vulnerability and viability of each breed. It was a joint project, with the KC working with the British and Irish Native Breeds Trust, later to be known simply as the Native Dog Breeds Trust. The breeds on the list have been promoted at events such as Discover Dogs and Crufts, and by asking that owners of these breeds mate their dogs rather than having them spayed.

neg: Bresse Gauloise The Bresse Gauloise is a French breed of domestic chicken. It originates in the historic region and former province of Bresse, in the regions of Rhône-Alpes, Bourgogne and Franche-Comté, in eastern France. Because of legal restrictions on the use of the name, only white chickens raised within that area may be called "Bresse"; outside it, they are given the name "Gauloise"; the breed name combines both. Four colours are recognised for the Bresse Gauloise, three of them linked to areas within Bresse: the Bresse de Bourg is "grey" (silver-pencilled); the Bresse de Bény is white; the Bresse de Louhans is black; a blue variety has recently been created. White Bresse de Bény chickens and capons raised in the area of Bresse have "appellation d'origine contrôlée" status and are marketed as poulet de Bresse; they are regarded as a premium product and command higher prices than other chickens.

neg: Belgian Blue The Belgian Blue (French: Blanc-Bleu Belge , Dutch: Belgisch Witblauw ) is a breed of beef cattle from Belgium. It may also be known as the Race de la Moyenne et Haute Belgique . Alternative names for this breed include Belgian Blue-White; Belgian White and Blue Pied; Belgian White Blue; Blue; and Blue Belgian. The Belgian Blue's extremely lean, hyper-sculpted, ultra-muscular physique is termed "double-muscling". The double-muscling phenotype is a heritable condition resulting in an increased number of muscle fibers (hyperplasia), instead of the (normal) enlargement of "individual" muscle fibers (hypertrophy).

neg: Welsh Springer Spaniel The Welsh Springer Spaniel is a breed of dog and a member of the spaniel family. Thought to be comparable to the old Land Spaniel, they are similar to the English Springer Spaniel and historically have been referred to as both the Welsh Spaniel and the Welsh Cocker Spaniel. They were relatively unknown until a succession of victories in dog trials by the breed increased its popularity. Following recognition by The Kennel Club in 1902, the breed gained the modern name of Welsh Springer Spaniel. The breed's coat only comes in a single colour combination of white with red markings, usually in a piebald pattern. Loyal and affectionate, they can become very attached to family members and are wary of strangers. Health conditions are limited to those common among many breeds of dog, although they are affected more than average by hip dysplasia and some eye conditions. They are a working dog, bred for hunting, and while not as rare as some varieties of spaniel, they are rarer than the more widely known English Springer Spaniel with which they are sometimes confused.

neg: Frillback The Frillback is a breed of fancy pigeon developed over many years of selective breeding. Frillbacks, along with other varieties of domesticated pigeons, are all descendants from the rock pigeon ("Columba livia").

neg: Shar Pei The Chinese Shar-Pei, is a breed of dog known for its distinctive features of deep wrinkles and a blue-black tongue. The breed originates from Canton, China. The English name (沙皮, pinyin: "shā pí"; probably derived from British spelling of the Cantonese equivalent, "sā pèih") translates to "sand skin" and refers to the texture of its short, rough coat. As puppies, Shar Pei have numerous wrinkles, but as they mature, these loosen and spread out as they "grow into their skin". Shar Pei were named in 1978 as one of the world's rarest dog breeds by "TIME" magazine and the "Guinness World Records". Although the Shar Pei has been identified as a basal breed that predates the emergence of the modern breeds in the 19th century, the American Kennel Club did not recognize it as a breed until 1992.

neg: Kerry Bog Pony The Kerry Bog Pony is a mountain and moorland breed of pony that originated in Ireland. Possibly descended from the Irish Hobby horse, it originally lived a mainly feral existence in the peat bogs of what is now County Kerry in southwestern Ireland. Local inhabitants used the ponies as pack and cart horses for transporting peat and kelp to the villages. The breed developed physical characteristics including a low weight-to-height ratio and an unusual footfall pattern, which helped it move on soft ground such as peat bogs. The ponies were known for hardiness and an ability to survive in harsh conditions.

neg: Pinto horse A pinto horse has a coat color that consists of large patches of white and any other color. The distinction between "pinto" and "solid" can be tenuous, as so-called "solid" horses frequently have areas of white hair. Various cultures throughout history appear to have selectively bred for pinto patterns.

neg: Coolalee The Coolalee is an Australian short wool, meat sheep breed, developed from an eight-year breeding program commenced in 1968. The breed resulted from the crossing of the Wiltshire Horn, Suffolk, Hampshire Down, Poll Dorset, Lincoln and English Leicester sheep breeds.

neg: Chien Français Blanc et Noir The Chien Français Blanc et Noir (FCI No.220) translated into English as the French White and Black Hound, is a breed of dog of the scenthound type, originating in France. The breed is used for hunting in packs and descends from the old Hound of Saintonge type of large hunting dog.

neg: Northern Breed Group Northern Breed Group is the name of a breed group of dogs, used by kennel clubs to classify a defined collection of dog breeds. Dogs listed in the "Northern Breed Group" may not all be of the same type of dog.

neg: Perendale The Perendale is a breed of sheep developed in New Zealand by Massey Agricultural College (now Massey University) for use in steep hill situations. The breed is named after Sir Geoffrey Peren, and it achieves its aims by being the offspring of Romney ewes and Cheviot rams with sturdy legs. It is raised primarily for meat.

neg: Bolonka Russian Tsvetnaya Bolonka (Russian: Болонка ), also known as the Bolonka Zwetna in Germany, is a rare toy breed of the Bichon type, developed in Moscow and Saint Petersburg, Russia from the ancestors of smaller dogs such as the Bichon, Toy Poodle, Shih Tzu, Pekingese and French Bolognese. They include the white version Franzuskaya Bolonka, which is a variation of the Italian Bolognese dog. "Franzuskaya" means French, "Zwetna" is the German term for "Tsvetnaya" and means multicolored, and "Bolonka" translates as "Bolognese" in a number of Slavic languages. The Bolonka has recently gained more fame by being the chosen breed of Prince William and Kate Middleton.

neg: Balinese cat The Balinese is a long-haired breed of domestic cat with Siamese-style point coloration and sapphire-blue eyes. The Balinese is also known as the purebred long-haired Siamese, since it originated as a natural mutation of that breed, and hence is essentially the same cat with a medium-length silky coat and a distinctively plumed tail.

neg: Hybrid lovebird A hybrid lovebird is the result of two species lovebirds being cross-bred. Hybrids produced by the pairing of a rosy-faced lovebird (or peach-faced lovebird) with one of the "eye-ring" species (i.e. those species which have a prominent area of white bare skin encircling the eye, Fischer's lovebird being a typical example) are usually sterile - whereas crosses between the "eye-ring" species are often fertile.

neg: French Mondain The French Mondain is a breed of fancy pigeon developed over many years of selective breeding. French Mondains, along with other varieties of domesticated pigeons, are all descendants from the rock pigeon ("Columba livia").

neg: Harlequin Pinscher The Harlequin Pinscher is a type of Miniature Pinscher, which is a toy-sized dog. It originated in Germany and was created by crossing traditional Miniature Pinschers with various toy-sized short-haired terriers. It originated in Germany where it was used to kill rats and mice. It is known by several different names including the Harlequin Pinscher, Spotted Pinscher, Merle Pinscher, Harlequin Miniature Pinscher and the Harlequin Min Pin. It is believed that the Harlequin Pinscher was created in Germany some time during the late 18th century. They were likely the result of crosses between traditional Miniature Pinschers and Toy Fox Terriers or Rat Terriers. While Harlequin and other Min Pins were mainly used for ratting throughout history, they were also cherished pets. Harlequin Pinschers nearly became extinct following World War II; however, a group of enthusiasts worked together to revive the breed by collecting worthy specimens to breed. Today, although the Harlequin Pinscher is rather rare, select Min Pin breeders are working hard to establish it as a pure-breed that is eligible for registration.


query: What Emperor is the establisher of the Order of Saint Anastasia the great-great-granddaughter of?

pos: Order of Saint Anastasia The Order of St. Anastasia the Holy Great Martyr 'Alleviatrix of Captives' is a dynastic order of the former Russian Imperial House for women. It was established and its statutes approved on August 20, 2010 by Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna. The order is composed of only one class, and confers personal nobility. The feast days of the Order are celebrated on (22 December/4 January) Holy Great Martyr Anastasia the "Alleviatrix of Captives", and 7/20 August, the day of commemoration for the Tsaritsa Anastasia Romanovna.

pos: Maria Vladimirovna, Grand Duchess of Russia Maria Vladimirovna, Grand Duchess of Russia (Russian: Мари́я Влади́мировна Рома́нова ; born 23 December 1953 in Madrid), has been a claimant to the headship of the Imperial Family of Russia who reigned as Emperors and Autocrats of All the Russias, since 1992. Although she has used Grand Duchess of Russia as her title of pretence with the style Imperial Highness throughout her life, her right to do so is disputed. She is a great-great-granddaughter in the male-line of Emperor Alexander II of Russia.

neg: Claudia Augusta Claudia Augusta (] ; January 63 – April 63) was the only daughter of the Roman Emperor Nero by his second wife Roman Empress Poppaea Sabina. She was born in Antium (Anzio) on 21 January 63.

neg: Tsarevich Dmitry Ivanovich of Russia (1552–1553) Dmitri Ivanovich (Russian: Дмитрий Иванович ; 11 October 155226 June 1553) was the first Tsarevich or Tsesarevich - the heir apparent - of the Tsardom of Russia, as the eldest son of Ivan the Terrible, or "Ivan IV of Russia" and his first Tsaritsa, Anastasia Romanovna. He was the third child and first son of the couple and died in infancy.

neg: Constantine VIII Constantine VIII (Greek: Κωνσταντῖνος Η΄ , "Kōnstantinos VIII") (960 – 11 November 1028) was reigning Byzantine Emperor from 15 December 1025 until his death in 1028. He was the son of the Emperor Romanos II and Theophano, and the younger brother of the eminent Basil II, who died childless and thus left the rule of the Byzantine Empire in his hands.

neg: Infanta Mariana Victoria of Portugal Mariana Victoria of Portugal (or of Braganza; Portuguese: Mariana Vitória; full name: "Mariana Vitória Josefa Francisca Xavier de Paula Antonieta Joana Domingas Gabriela de Bragança"; ] or [mɐˈɾiɐ ˈɐnɐ viˈtɔɾiɐ ʒuˈzɛfɐ] ; 15 December 1768 – 2 November 1788) was a Portuguese "Infanta" (princess), the eldest daughter of Queen Maria I of Portugal and her king-consort, Infante Pedro of Portugal.

neg: Constantine the Great Constantine the Great (Latin: "Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus Augustus" ; Greek: Κωνσταντῖνος ὁ Μέγας ; 27 February 272 AD – 22 May 337 AD), also known as Constantine I or Saint Constantine (in the Orthodox Church as Saint Constantine the Great, Equal-to-the-Apostles), was a Roman Emperor of Illyrian-Greek origin from 306 to 337 AD. He was the son of Flavius Valerius Constantius, a Roman Army officer, and his consort Helena. His father became "Caesar", the deputy emperor in the west, in 293 AD. Constantine was sent east, where he rose through the ranks to become a military tribune under Emperors Diocletian and Galerius. In 305, Constantius raised himself to the rank of "Augustus", senior western emperor, and Constantine was recalled west to campaign under his father in Britannia (Britain). Constantine was acclaimed as emperor by the army at Eboracum (modern-day York) after his father's death in 306 AD, and he emerged victorious in a series of civil wars against Emperors Maxentius and Licinius to become sole ruler of both west and east by 324 AD.

neg: Claudia Antonia Claudia Antonia (Classical Latin: ) (c. AD 30–AD 66) was the daughter of the Roman Emperor Claudius and his second wife Aelia Paetina. Antonia was a great great-niece of the Emperor Augustus, great-niece of the Emperor Tiberius, first cousin of the Emperor Caligula, half-sister to Claudia Octavia and Britannicus, cousin, stepsister and sister-in-law of the Emperor Nero.

neg: Alexandra Petrovna Golitsyna Princess Alexandra Petrovna Golitsyna (Russian: Александра Петровна Голицына, "née" Протасова ; 1774—1842) 1774-1842) was a maid of honour and historian of the Russian noble Protasov family. Sister to Moscow aristocrat and writer Catherine Rostopchin and maid of honour and dame of the Order of Saint Catherine Vera Vasilchikova, she was the mother of five, including Peter Gallitzin, and the grandmother of the Roman Catholic missionary, Demetrius Augustine Gallitzin who published her writing posthumously.

neg: Prince Constantine Constantinovich of Russia Prince Constantine Constantinovich of Russia ("Константин Константинович"; 1 January 1891 – 18 July 1918), nicknamed Kostya by the family, was the fourth child of Grand Duke Constantine Constantinovich of Russia by his wife Grand Duchess Elizabeth Mavrikievna of Russia.

neg: George, Duke of Mecklenburg George, Duke of Mecklenburg (German: "Georg Herzog zu Mecklenburg" ; 5 October [O.S. 22 September] 1899 – 6 July 1963) was the head of the House of Mecklenburg-Strelitz from 1934 until his death. Through his father, he was a direct descendant (great-great-grandson) of Russian Emperor Paul I.

neg: Wilhelmine Amalia of Brunswick-Lüneburg Wilhelmine Amalia of Brunswick-Lüneburg (21 April 1673 – 10 April 1742) was Holy Roman Empress, Queen of the Germans, Queen of Hungary, Queen of Bohemia, Archduchess consort of Austria etc. as the spouse of Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor.

neg: Anastasia Romanovna Anastasia Romanovna Zakharyina-Yurieva (1530 – 7 August 1560) was the first wife of the Russian Tsar Ivan the Terrible and the first Russian tsaritsa. She was the daughter of Boyar Roman Yurievich Zakharyin-Yuriev, Okolnichi, who died on 16 February 1543, who gave his name to the Romanov Dynasty of Russian monarchs, and wife Uliana Ivanovna, who died in 1579.

neg: Domitia Lepida the Younger Domitia Lepida, also known as Domitia Lepida the Younger, or Domitia Lepida Minor , (c. 5 BC - 54 AD); was the younger daughter of consul, Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus and Antonia Major. Her elder sister was Domitia Lepida the Elder and her younger brother was Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus, father of the Emperor Nero. She was the great niece of Emperor Augustus, granddaughter of Octavia the Younger and Triumvir Mark Antony, second cousin to the Emperor Caligula, first cousin and mother-in-law to the Emperor Claudius and paternal aunt of the Emperor Nero. Lepida was a beautiful and influential figure. Like her sister, she was also very wealthy. She had holdings in Calabria and owned the "praedia Lepidiana".

neg: Archduchess Maria Amalia of Austria Maria Amalia of Austria (26 February 1746 – 18 June 1804) was the Duchess of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla by marriage. Maria Amalia was a daughter of Empress Maria Theresa and Emperor Francis I. She was thus younger sister to Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor and older sister to Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor, Maria Carolina, Queen of Naples and Marie Antoinette, Queen of France.

neg: Anna Koltovskaya Anna Alexeievna Koltovskaya ("Анна Колтовская") (before 1572 – 5 April 1626) was Tsaritsa of the Tsardom of Russia and the fourth spouse of Tsar Ivan IV of Russia ("Ivan the Terrible").

neg: Maria Josepha of Bavaria Maria Josepha of Bavaria (Marie Josephe Antonie Walburga Felicitas Regula, 20 March 173928 May 1767) was Holy Roman Empress, Queen of the Romans, Archduchess of Austria, Grand Duchess of Tuscany, etc. by her marriage to Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor. By birth, she was a Princess and Duchess of Bavaria as the daughter of Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor, Elector of Bavaria, and Archduchess Maria Amalia of Austria.

neg: Irene Laskarina Irene Laskarina (died 1239) (Greek: Ειρήνη Λασκαρίνα , "Eirēnē Laskarina") was an Empress of Nicaea. She was a daughter of Theodore I Laskaris, emperor of Nicaea and Anna Angelina. Her maternal grandparents were Emperor Alexios III Angelos and Euphrosyne Doukaina Kamaterina. Her sister Maria Laskarina married King Béla IV of Hungary.

neg: Archduke Géza of Austria Archduke Géza of Austria (given names: "Géza Ladislaus Euseb Gerhard Rafael Albert Maria"; born 14 November 1940, in Budapest), in Austria and Hungary only known by law as Géza Habsburg-Lothringen, is the son of Archduke Joseph Francis of Austria (1895–1957) and his wife Princess Anna of Saxony (1903–1976) thus he is a grandson of King Frederick Augustus III of Saxony and great-great grandson (on his father's mother's side) of Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria and his wife Elisabeth of Bavaria (Sissi). Géza is a Fabergé expert and has published many books and articles on the jewellers Peter Carl Fabergé and Victor Mayer. He is the curator of several major international Fabergé exhibitions.

neg: Anna of Kashin Saint Anna of Kashin (Russian: Святая благоверная великая княгиня - инокиня Анна Кашинская ) (1280 – 2 October 1368) was a Russian princess from the Rurik Dynasty, who was canonized in 1650.

neg: Flavia Domitilla (saint) Flavia Domitilla, daughter of Domitilla the Younger by an unknown father, perhaps Quintus Petillius Cerialis, had the same name as her mother and her grandmother Domitilla the Elder. She was thus a granddaughter of Emperor Vespasian and a niece of Emperors Titus and Domitian. She married her cousin, the consul Titus Flavius Clemens, a nephew of Vespasian.

neg: Irene Doukaina Irene Doukaina or Ducaena (Greek: , "Eirēnē Doukaina";  1066 – 19 February 1138) was a Byzantine Empress by marriage to the Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos, and the mother of the emperor John II Komnenos and of the historian Anna Komnene.


query: how is Laiwu and Ningbo connected?

pos: Laiwu Laiwu () is a prefecture-level city in central Shandong Province, China. The smallest prefecture-level city in the province, it borders the provincial capital of Jinan to the north, Zibo to the east and Tai'an to the southwest. Its population was 1,298,529 at the 2010 census whom 989,535 lived in the built-up area made up of Laicheng district, Gangcheng district not being conurbated yet.

pos: Ningbo , formerly written Ningpo, is a sub-provincial city in northeast Zhejiang province in China. It comprises the urban districts of Ningbo proper, three satellite cities, and a number of rural counties including islands in Hangzhou Bay and the East China Sea. Its port, spread across several locations, is among the busiest in the world and the municipality possesses a separate state-planning status. As of the 2010 census, the entire administrated area had a population of 7.6 million, with 3.5 million in the six urban districts of Ningbo proper. To the north, Hangzhou Bay separates Ningbo from Shanghai; to the east lies Zhoushan in the East China Sea; on the west and south, Ningbo borders Shaoxing and Taizhou respectively.

neg: Lidu Yangtze River Bridge The Lidu Bridge is a cable-stayed bridge which crosses the Yangtze River in the Fuling District of Chongqing, China. Completed in 2007, the bridge cost ¥350 million and has a main span of 398 m .

neg: Luohe Luohe (; postal: Loho) is a prefecture-level city in central Henan province, China. It is surrounded by the cities of Xuchang, Zhoukou, Zhumadian and Pingdingshan on its north, east, south and west respectively.

neg: Line 5, Ningbo Rail Transit Line 5 of Ningbo Rail Transit () is a rapid transit line under construction in Ningbo. It starts from west Yinzhou District and ends in Xingzhuang Road Station in Zhenhai District. In the future extension plan, the line will extend and become a loop. The construction of the first section started on September 28, 2016.

neg: Gangcheng District Gangcheng (钢城区; pinyin: "Gāngchéng Qū") is a district of Laiwu in the Chinese province of Shandong.

neg: Nanjing Railway Station Nanjing Railway Station () is a major railway station of Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. It is located in the northern part of Nanjing's urban core (just a short walk from the city wall), near Xuanwu Lake.

neg: Lai'an County Lai'an County is a county of Anhui Province, China, lying between the Yangtze River and the Huai River. It is under the administration of Chuzhou city.

neg: Ningbo Incident The Ningbo Incident (; Japanese: 寧波の乱 ) was a 1523 brawl between trade representatives of two Japanese daimyo clans — the Ōuchi and the Hosokawa — in the Ming Chinese city of Ningbo. The Ōuchi pillaged and harmed local residents, causing massive damage. The turmoil resulted in the interruption of the Ming-Japanese trade and led to a surge in piratical ("wokou") activity on the Chinese coast. The episode is also known by the names Ningbo Tribute Conflict (寧波争貢事件), Mingzhou Incident (明州之亂), or the Sōsetsu Incident (宗設之亂).

neg: G22 Qingdao–Lanzhou Expressway The Qingdao–Lanzhou Expressway (), commonly referred to as the "Qinglan Expressway" () is an expressway that connects the cities of Qingdao, Shandong, China, and Lanzhou, Gansu. It is 1795 km in length.

neg: Longkang Longkang () is a township-level division situated in Bengbu, Anhui, China.

neg: Tongji Bridge (Yuyao) The Tongji Bridge (traditional Chinese: 通濟橋, simplified Chinese: 通济桥, pinyin: Tōng Jì Qiáo), is a famous stone arch bridge located in Yuyao, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province. ""Tongji Bridge"" (""Tong"" means transport/transportantion, ""Ji"" means aid or cross a river) is a very common name for bridges in ancient China.

neg: Liuzhou–Nanning Intercity Railway Liuzhou–Nanning Intercity Railway is a high-speed railway in South-Western China. It connects the provincial capital of Nanning to the north east of Guangxi province. It also connects with the Hengyang-Liuzhou Intercity Railway, allowing for diverse connections with distant destinations, such as Wuhan, Shanghai and Beijing.

neg: Ningbonese Ningbonese ("of or related to Ningbo") may refer to:

neg: Lai Ning Lai Ning (; 20 October 1973 – 13 March 1988) was a teenage schoolboy in China, who died while fighting a forest fire in Shimian County, Sichuan. Lai Ning's actions were deemed heroic by the Chinese government and Lai has been celebrated as a hero and martyr in contemporary China.

neg: Laizhou Laizhou, formerly romanized as Laichow, is a county-level city in Yantai Prefecture, Shandong Province, China. As of 2008, Laizhou had a population of 902,000, out of which 188,000 are urban residents.

neg: Laing's Nek Laing's Nek, or Lang's Nek is a pass through the Drakensberg, South Africa, immediately north of Majuba, at at an elevation of 5400 to 6000 ft . It is the lowest part of a ridge which slopes from Majuba to the Buffalo River, and before the opening of the railway in 1891 the road over the nek was the main artery of communication between Durban and Pretoria. The railway crosses the pass via a 2213 ft . long tunnel.

neg: Yanqing, Beijing Yanqing (simplified Chinese: 延庆; traditional Chinese: 延慶; pinyin: Yánqìng) is a city about 75 km north-west of central Beijing, the capital city of China. The area around the city is the Yanqing District, one of the 16 districts of Beijing. It has good communication to the capital, by railway and road, through Badaling.

neg: Dingwu Dingwu () is a town in Laoling, Dezhou, in northwestern Shandong province, China.

neg: Lanzhou Lanzhou is the capital and largest city of Gansu Province in Northwest China. The prefecture-level city, located on the banks of the Yellow River, is a key regional transportation hub, connecting areas further west by rail to the eastern half of the country. Historically, it has been a major link on the Northern Silk Road. The city is also a center for heavy industry and petrochemical industry. Lanzhou was previously ranked as one of the cities with the worst air quality in the world, due to industrial pollution and its situation in a narrow river valley. Significant recent earthworks, removing parts of the sand and soil mountains surrounding the city, have succeeded in ventilating the city and allowing the displacement of air pollution. In 2015 the city was awarded China's climate progress title.

neg: Luding Bridge Luding Bridge () is a bridge over the Dadu River in Luding County, Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan, China, located about 80 kilometers west of the city of Ya'an. The bridge dates from the Qing Dynasty and is considered a historical landmark. It was an important crossing on the road between Sichuan and Tibet.

neg: G20 Qingdao–Yinchuan Expressway The Qingdao–Yinchuan Expressway (), commonly referred to as the "Qingyin Expressway" () is an expressway that connects the cities of Qingdao, Shandong, China, and Yinchuan, Ningxia. It is 1600 km in length.


query: From which country hail Siam General Aviation Company Limited and Nok Air?

pos: SGA Airlines Siam General Aviation Company Limited (Thai: บริษัท สยาม เจนเนอรัล เอวิเอชั่น จำกัด ) was an airline in Thailand. Previously operated as an arm for Nok Air under the brand Nok Mini, the company ended their partnership in March 2014. SGA were in talks to be acquired by Thai Air Asia but this fell through and the airline is no longer operating.

pos: Nok Air Nok Air (, Thai: นกแอร์ , derived from "nok" (นก), the Thai word for "bird") is a low-cost airline in Thailand operating mostly domestic services out of Bangkok's Don Mueang International Airport. Thai Airways owns the largest stake in the airline.

neg: Kan Air Kannithi Aviation Co. Ltd, operating as "Kan Air", is a regional airline with its hub in Don Mueang, Thailand. Kan Air operates charter and scheduled services in Thailand. As of September 2016 Kan Air flew nine routes. Flights from Chiang Mai are to Mae Hong Son, Pai, Nan, Khon Kaen, Ubon Ratchathani, Phitsanulok, Hua Hin, Chiang Rai, and U-Tapao.

neg: National Airways Corporation National Airways Corporation is a commercial aviation company with its head office on the grounds of Lanseria Airport in Johannesburg, South Africa. The company offers a range of products and services for fixed-wing aircraft and helicopter markets, including aircraft sales, maintenance, parts, value added products, aircraft charter, international operations and pilot training. NAC Operations is the flight operations and charter division. NAC operates a South African network of offices, its main base is Lanseria Airport, with office hubs at Cape Town International Airport, Durban, Grand Central Airport, Wonderboom Airport and Rand Airport. NAC also has businesses further afield in Botswana Sir Seretse Khama International Airport, Gaborone and internationally, Awesome Flight Logistics in Perth, Australia and Specialized Aircraft Services in Wichita, USA.

neg: PNG Air PNG Air is an airline based on the grounds of Jacksons International Airport, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. It operates scheduled domestic and international flights, as well as contract corporate charter work. Its main base is Jacksons International Airport.

neg: Air Manas Air Manas is a low-cost airline based in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. Its main base is Manas International Airport.

neg: Garuda Indonesia Garuda Indonesia (PT Garuda Indonesia (Persero) Tbk ) is the national airline of Indonesia. Named after the holy bird Garuda of Hinduism from the national emblem of Indonesia, the airline is headquartered at Soekarno–Hatta International Airport in Tangerang, near Jakarta. As of 11 December 2014, the airline is rated as a 5-star airline by the international airline review firm Skytrax. The air carrier was previously known as Garuda Indonesian Airways.

neg: Osmani International Airport Osmani International Airport (Bengali: ওসমানী আন্তর্জাতিক বিমানবন্দর , "Osamānī āntarjātika bimānabandara ") (IATA: ZYL, ICAO: VGSY) is third largest international airport in Bangladesh after Dhaka and Chittagong. The airport is operated by the Civil Aviation Authority, Bangladesh (CAAB) and is served by Biman Bangladesh Airlines, the national airline, which at one point earned most of its revenue from this airport. Private airlines Novoair, United Airways and US-Bangla Airlines operate domestic flights to Dhaka. The vast majority of passengers using the airport are expatriate Bangladeshis and their descendants from the Sylhet Division living in the United Kingdom.

neg: Kairali Airlines Kairali Airlines is a regional airline based in Cochin, India. It was founded in 9 January 2013 and inaugurated by 15 June 2013 and Kairali Airlines commencing its operation very soon, with its inaugural flight between Cochin International Airport Limited (CIAL) and Trivandrum International Airport.

neg: Uşak Airport Uşak Airport is the main airport of the city of Uşak in the Aegean region of Turkey.

neg: Air Somalia Air Somalia is a privately owned airline based in Somalia.

neg: Air Koryo Air Koryo (Chosŏn'gŭl: 고려항공 ; MR: "Koryŏ Hanggong " ; formerly 조선민항 ; 朝鮮民航 ; "Chosŏn Minhang " ) is the state-owned national flag carrier airline of North Korea, headquartered in Sunan-guyŏk, Pyongyang. Based at Pyongyang Sunan International Airport (IATA: FNJ), it operates international scheduled and charter services to points in Asia.

neg: Lao Airlines Lao Airlines State Enterprise is the national airline of Laos, headquartered in Vientiane. It operates domestic as well as international services to countries such as Cambodia, China, Thailand, Vietnam, Singapore, and Korea. Its main operating base is Wattay International Airport in Vientiane. It is subordinate to the Ministry of Public Works and Transport.

neg: Royal Thai Navy The Royal Thai Navy or RTN (Thai: กองทัพเรือไทย ; rtgs: Kong Thap Ruea Thai ) is the naval force of Thailand and part of the Royal Thai Armed Forces. It was established in the late-19th century. Admiral Prince Abhakara Kiartivongse (1880–1923) is considered "the father of the Royal Thai Navy". Similar to the organisational structure of the United States, the Royal Thai Navy includes the naval fleet and the Royal Thai Marine Corps. The Royal Thai Navy operates out of Sattahip Naval Base in Sattahip Bay. Thailand is the only Southeast Asian country that operates an aircraft carrier, though it is used as a pure helicopter carrier with the retirement of the Harrier fighter wing. Thailand was the second Asian nation to acquire submarines, following Japan, but has had no submarines since 1950.

neg: Norwegian Air Lines Det Norske Luftfartselskap A/S (literally "The Norwegian Aviation Company") or DNL, trading internationally as Norwegian Air Lines, was an airline and flag carrier of Norway. Founded in 1927, it operated domestic and international routes from 1935 to 1941 and from 1946 to 1951. It became one of the three founders of Scandinavian Airlines System (SAS) and became one of its three holding companies from 1951, with a 28% stake and listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange. DNL was renamed SAS Norge ASA in 1996 and was merged in 2001 to create the SAS Group.

neg: New Central Airservice New Central Airservice Corporation (新中央航空株式会社 , Shin Chūō Kōkū Kabushiki-gaisha ) is an airline with its headquarters on the grounds of Ryūgasaki Airfield in Ryūgasaki, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. It operates domestic services and its main base is Chōfu Airport, Tokyo.

neg: New Gen Airways New Gen Airways（Chinese mean is 泰国新时代航空）, a trading name for Sabaidee Airways Company Limited, (Thai: บริษัท สบายดีแอร์เวย์ส จำกัด), is a Thai international airline that concentrates on flights from Thailand to China. It operates both scheduled- and non-scheduled (charter) services from 5 main Thailand hubs, Bangkok's Don Mueang International Airport , U-Tapao International Airport, Krabi International Airport , Phuket International Airport and Surat Thani International Airport in the southern cities of Krabi, Phuket and Surat Thani, to a total of 30 destinations in China.

neg: Air New Zealand Air New Zealand Limited () is the flag carrier airline of New Zealand. Based in Auckland, the airline operates scheduled passenger flights to 21 domestic and 31 international destinations in 19 countries around the Pacific rim and the United Kingdom. The airline has been a member of the Star Alliance since 1999.

neg: Kenya Airways Kenya Airways Ltd., more commonly known as Kenya Airways, is the flag carrier of Kenya. The company was founded in 1977, after the dissolution of East African Airways. The carrier's head office is located in Embakasi, Nairobi, with its hub at Jomo Kenyatta International Airport.

neg: Mohammed V International Airport Mohammed V International Airport (French: "Aéroport international Mohammed V" , Arabic: مطار محمد الخامس الدولي  , "Matar Muhammad al-Khamis ad-Dowaly" , IATA: CMN, ICAO: GMMN ) is an international airport serving Casablanca, Morocco. Located in Nouaceur Province, it is operated by ONDA (National Airports Office ). With just under 8 million passengers passing through the airport in 2014, it was the busiest airport in Morocco and the fourth busiest in Africa. In August 2014, ONDA reported a year-on-year increase of 7.28% passenger traffic, to 918,238. The airport serves as hub for Morocco's flag carrier Royal Air Maroc, Jetairfly, Air Arabia Maroc and RAM Express. It is named after King Mohammed V of Morocco.

neg: Air Botswana Air Botswana Corporation is Botswana's state-owned national flag carrier, with its headquarters located in Gaborone. It operates scheduled domestic and regional flights from its main base at Sir Seretse Khama International Airport. Air Botswana has been loss-making for several years, and there have been various attempts to privatise the company, and frequent changes to the corporation's management and board, so far without reducing the losses.

neg: Thai Aviation Industries Thai Aviation Industries (TAI) (Thai ไทย: บริษัทอุตสาหกรรมการบินไทย) is Thailand's aircraft repair and maintenance service center. The Thai government approved the establishment of TAI on 23 September 2003, by the Royal Thai Air Force. TAI's headquarters is at Don Muang. TAI started its operation on 29 January 2004.


query: Ryan Held was part of the 4x100m freestyle team in 2016 that included the swimmer with how many medals, most in history?

pos: Ryan Held Ryan Held (born June 27, 1995) is an American freestyle swimmer who specializes in the sprint events. At the 2016 US trials he qualified for the 2016 Summer Olympics as a member of the 4×100 meter freestyle relay team. In the Olympic heats, he swam a split time of 47.79 on the second leg, impressing the coaching staff enough to give him the nod to swim in the final. In the final he split 47.73 on the third leg, winning the gold medal together with Caeleb Dressel, Michael Phelps, and Nathan Adrian. Held's emotional outpouring on the medal stand was widely broadcast and made him a social media darling. He attended Christ the King grade school in Springfield, Illinois and attended high school at Sacred-Heart Griffin where he graduated in 2014. During his senior year in 2014, Held was named Illinois State Swimmer of the Year.

pos: Michael Phelps Michael Fred Phelps II (born June 30, 1985) is an American former competitive swimmer and the most decorated Olympian of all time, with a total of 28 medals. Phelps also holds the all-time records for Olympic gold medals (23), Olympic gold medals in individual events (13), and Olympic medals in individual events (16). In winning eight gold medals at the 2008 Beijing Games, Phelps broke fellow American swimmer Mark Spitz's 1972 record of seven first-place finishes at any single Olympic Games. At the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Phelps had already tied the record of eight medals of any color at a single Games by winning six gold and two bronze medals. At the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, Phelps won four gold and two silver medals, and at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, he won five gold medals and one silver. This made him the most successful athlete of the Games for the fourth Olympics in a row.

neg: Megan Kleine Megan Adelle Kleine (born December 22, 1974), later known by her married name Megan Morris, is an American former competition swimmer and Olympic gold medalist. At the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain, she earned a gold medal by swimming for the winning U.S. team in the preliminary heats of the women's 4×100-meter medley relay. Individually, she also competed in the B Final of the women's 100-meter breaststroke event, and finished with the twelfth-best time overall (1:11.07) at the 1992 Olympics.

neg: Caitlin McClatchey Caitlin McClatchey (born 28 November 1985) is a British former swimmer. Representing Scotland, she won two gold medals at the 2006 Commonwealth Games, in the 200 metres freestyle and 400 metres freestyle. Representing Great Britain, she won bronze medals in the 400 m freestyle at the 2005 World Championships and 2006 European Championships. She has also competed at three Olympic Games and reached the Olympic 200 m freestyle final in 2008 and 2012. She is a former British record holder in the 100 m, 200 m and 400 m Freestyle.

neg: Jin Zhipeng Jin Zhipeng is a Chinese swimmer. He won a gold medal at the Men's 50 metre breaststroke SB3 event at the 2016 Summer Paralympics with a world record and paralympic record of 47.54. He also won a silver medal at the Men's 100 metre freestyle S4 event with 1:26.05, another silver medal at the Men's 150 metre individual medley SM4 event with 2:26.91 and a bronze medal at the Men's 200 metre freestyle S4 event with 3:03.94.

neg: Carly Piper Carly Piper (born September 23, 1983), also known by her married name Carly Ryan, is a former American professional competitive swimmer and Olympic gold medalist. As part of the American team, she helped set a new world record in the women's 4×200-meter freestyle relay (long course).

neg: Gaurika Singh Gaurika Singh (Nepali: गौरिका सिंह ; born 26 November 2002) is a Nepalese swimmer. She has held many national records since beginning her swimming career at the young age of eight. She won one silver and three bronze medals for swimming at the 2016 South Asian Games. She also participated at the 2016 Summer Olympics, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, as the youngest Olympian, representing Nepal in the Women's 100m backstroke.

neg: Agnese Ozoliņa Agnese Ozoliņa (born November 12, 1979) is a Latvian former swimmer, who specialized in sprint freestyle events. She is a three-time Olympian (1996, 2000, and 2004), a multiple-time Latvian and Baltic record holder, and a seven-time All-North Coast Atlantic Conference swimmer. She is also a varsity swimmer for the Kenyon Ladies, and an economics graduate at Kenyon College in Gambier, Ohio.

neg: Dagny Knutson Dagny Knutson (born January 18, 1992) is an American swimmer of Norwegian heritage. Knutson is a former American record holder in 400-yard individual medley and holds several high school national records. She finished swimming competitively in 2012 and in 2013, due to her struggles with bulimia and financial strains.

neg: Le Ying Le Ying () is a retired Chinese swimmer, who specialized in sprint and middle-distance freestyle events. At the 1994 FINA World Championships in Rome, Italy, Le, along with her teammates Shan Ying, Lü Bin, and Le Jingyi, powered past the entire field to capture the 4×100 m freestyle relay title and demolished a new world record of 3:37.91, slicing 1.55 seconds off the standard set by the U.S. team of Nicole Haislett, Angel Martino, Jenny Thompson, and Dara Torres from the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona. The following month, at the Asian Games in Hiroshima, Japan, Le edged out Japan's Eri Yamanoi on the final lap to overhaul a two-minute barrier and claim a gold medal in the 200 m freestyle with a sterling time of 1:59.77.

neg: Rick Carey Richard John Carey (born March 13, 1963) is an American former competition swimmer, three-time Olympic champion, and former world record-holder in three events. Carey specialized in the backstroke. At the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, he won three gold medals. He broke nine world records, five individually, and also was a double world champion. He was named as the Swimmer of the Year in 1983 by "Swimming World" magazine.

neg: Sarah Ryan Sarah Michelle Ryan, OAM (born 20 February 1977) is an Australian former sprint freestyle swimmer, who won relay medals at three consecutive Olympics from the 1996 Summer Olympics to the 2004 Summer Olympics.

neg: Andrew Gemmell Andrew Douglas Gemmell (born February 20, 1991) is an American competition swimmer who specializes in long-distance freestyle events. He was a member of the 2012 United States Olympic Team, and competed in the 1,500-meter freestyle event at the 2012 Summer Olympics.

neg: Grant Hackett Grant George Hackett OAM (born 9 May 1980) is an Australian swimmer, most famous for winning the men's 1500 metres freestyle race at both the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney and the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. This achievement has led him to be regarded as one of the greatest distance swimmers in history. He also collected a gold medal in Sydney for swimming in the heats of the 4 × 200 m freestyle relay. He is well regarded for his versatility, and has held the long course world record in the 200 m, 800 m, and 1500 m freestyle. He has dominated the 1500 m event for a decade, being undefeated in the event in finals from 1996 until the 2007 World Aquatics Championships. In total, he has won 10 long-course world championship gold medals.

neg: Jesse Puts Jesse Puts (] ; born 1 August 1994) is a Dutch competitive swimmer who specializes in freestyle. He is the 2016 world champion in the 50 meter freestyle (short course). He holds the Dutch records in this event in both long course and short course.

neg: Park Tae-hwan Park Tae-hwan (Korean: 박태환, ] ; born September 27, 1989) is a South Korean competitive swimmer who is an Olympic gold medalist and world champion. He has four Olympic medals, five world titles, and 20 Asian Games medals. He won a gold medal in the 400-meter freestyle and a silver in the 200-meter freestyle events at the 2008 Summer Olympics. He also won two silver medals at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the 200- and 400-meter freestyle. He is the first Asian swimmer to claim a gold medal in the men's 400-meter freestyle, and the first-ever South Korean swimmer to win any Olympic medal in swimming. He also holds 3 Asian Records, all in Men's Freestyle. He is best known for his impressive range and versatility, as he is able to compete at international level in 100-, 200-, 400- and 1,500-meter freestyle.

neg: Tom Jager Thomas Michael Jager (born October 6, 1964) is an American former competition swimmer. He is five-time Olympic gold medalist in relay events, a two-time World Championship individual gold medalist for the 50-meter freestyle, and a former world record-holder in two events. Jager set the 50-meter freestyle world record on six occasions during his career. He held this record for over ten years from August 1989 to June 2000.

neg: Shane Ryan (swimmer) Shane Ryan (b. 27 January 1994) is an American-born swimmer who competes internationally for Ireland.

neg: Elizabeth Beisel Elizabeth Lyon Beisel (born August 18, 1992) is an American competition swimmer who specializes in backstroke and individual medley events. Beisel placed second in the 400m individual medley at the 2016 US Olympic Swimming Trials, qualifying for her third Olympic team. She has won a total of nine medals in major international competition, four gold, one silver, and four bronze spanning the Olympics, World Aquatics, and the Pan Pacific championships. Beisel competed in the 200-meter backstroke and 400-meter individual medley events at the 2008 Summer Olympics, placing fifth and fourth, respectively, in the world. She won the silver medal in the 400-meter individual medley and bronze in the 200-meter backstroke at the 2012 Summer Olympics.

neg: Bob Windle Robert George "Bob" Windle (born 7 November 1944) is an Australian freestyle swimmer of the 1960s, who won four Olympic medals, including an individual gold medal. Windle won the 1500 m freestyle and took bronze in the 4 × 100 m freestyle relay at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, and silver and bronze in the 4 × 200 m and 4 × 100 m freestyle relays respectively at the 1968 Summer Olympics. Known for his versatility, he is the only male swimmer to represent Australia at the Olympics in all freestyle distances from 100 m to 1500 m. During his career, Windle set six world records and won six Commonwealth Games gold medals. He won 19 Australian championships in all distances from 220 yd to 1650 yd.

neg: Brad Tandy Bradley Edward Tandy (born 2 May 1991) is a South African Olympic swimmer. He represented his country at the 2016 Summer Olympics. He competed in the 50 m freestyle event and placed 6th overall with a time of 21.79 seconds.

neg: Soren Dahl Soren Dahl (born 15 July 1993) is a Danish swimmer. He competed in the men's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay event at the 2016 Summer Olympics.


query: Who took over the role of hostess on "Wheel of Fortune" when Susan Stafford left the show?

pos: Susan Stafford Susan Stafford (born Susanna Gail Carney January 27, 1942) is an American former model, actress and television host. She was the original hostess of the American game show "Wheel of Fortune" from January 6, 1975 until she left on October 22, 1982. She returned briefly to "Wheel of Fortune" in 1986 to substitute for Vanna White.

pos: Vanna White Vanna White (born Vanna Marie Rosich; February 18, 1957) is an American television personality and film actress best known as the hostess of "Wheel of Fortune" since 1982.

neg: Strike It Rich (radio-TV) Strike It Rich is a game show that aired on American radio and television from June 29, 1947, to December 27, 1957 on CBS and NBC. People in need of money (such as for medical treatment or a destitute family) appeared and told their tale of woe, then tried to win money by answering four relatively easy questions. Each player would be given $30 and bet any of their bankroll on answering each question after being given the category. If the contestant didn't win any money, the emcee opened the "Heart Line", which was a phone line to viewers who wished to donate to the contestant's family.

neg: Maggi McNellis Maggi McNellis was an American radio and television personality and talk show hostess from the 1940s through the 1960s. In the latter part of her life, she became a New York City society hostess.

neg: Maggie Rodriguez Margarita Dania Rodriguez (born December 12, 1969) is a former co-anchor of the CBS television broadcast, "The Early Show", from December 2007 to December 2010. Rodriguez was also a substitute anchor for Katie Couric on "The CBS Evening News". Rodriguez was formerly co-anchor of the Saturday edition of "The Early Show" in 2007.

neg: Make Me Rich Make Me Rich is a Michigan Lottery game show filmed in Detroit, hosted by "Brady Bunch" star Christopher Knight and co-hosted by Beth McLeod. The show is produced by Jonathan Goodson. Unlike other lottery game shows, the program airs on a quarterly schedule instead of weekly. The first special aired on October 16, 2009 at 7:30 PM, without commercial interruption (as with all subsequent specials).

neg: Alexis Stewart Alexis Gilbert "Lexie" Stewart (born September 27, 1965) is an American television host and radio personality. She is the only child of Martha Stewart and her ex-husband Andrew. She was the co-host of "Whatever with Alexis and Jennifer" on Sirius Satellite Radio, and "Whatever with Alexis and Jennifer" on the Hallmark Channel alongside co-host Jennifer Hutt.

neg: Petri Hawkins-Byrd Petri Hawkins-Byrd (born Petri Adonis Byrd; November 29, 1957 Brooklyn, New York), better known as "Byrd" is a television personality, known for his role as bailiff on the court program "Judge Judy".

neg: Athalia Ponsell Lindsley Athalia Ponsell Lindsley (July 25, 1917 – January 23, 1974) was a former American model, Broadway dancer, political activist and television personality on the show "Winner Take All".

neg: Susan Jaffe Susan Jaffe (born 1962) is an American former ballerina and is a ballet mistress at American Ballet Theatre.

neg: Susie Essman Susan Essman (born August 31, 1955) is an American stand-up comedian, actress, writer and television producer, best known for her role as Susie Greene on "Curb Your Enthusiasm" and the voice of Mittens in "Bolt".

neg: Susan Spicer Susan Spicer is a New Orleans-based chef, who owns several restaurants in that city, including a take-out food market which doubles as a bakery. She has received several awards, and appeared in the 2009 finale of the Bravo television program "Top Chef". Currently she has a partnership with Regina Keever, and together they opened Bayona in 1990, a four star restaurant.

neg: Carol Loomis Carol Junge Loomis (born June 25, 1929) is an American financial journalist, who retired in 2014 as senior editor-at-large at "Fortune" magazine.

neg: Rebecca Quick Rebecca "Becky" Quick (born July 18, 1972) is an American television journalist/newscaster and co-anchorwoman of CNBC's financial news shows "Squawk Box" and "On the Money".

neg: Loretta Long Loretta Mae Long ("née" Moore) (born June 3, 1940) is an African American actress, singer, media personality, and educator, best known for playing Susan Robinson on "Sesame Street", having starred on the show since its debut in 1969.

neg: Candy Spelling Carole Gene "Candy" Spelling (née Marer; born September 20, 1945) is an American author, television personality, and philanthropist. She is the widow of Aaron Spelling.

neg: Carolyn Kepcher Carolyn Kepcher (born January 30, 1969) is an American businesswoman, perhaps best known for her regular appearances on the NBC television program "The Apprentice". She was formerly the Executive Vice President, Chief Operating Officer, for the Trump Golf Properties. Before her career with Trump ended in August 2006, she monitored the progress of the contestants on the program and assisted Donald Trump in determining who should be fired.

neg: Jason Gunn Jason Gunn (born 26 December 1968) is a New Zealand television host. He is known for "The Son of a Gunn Show, What Now, Dancing with the Stars, Wheel of Fortune", and "The Rich List", and also the afternoon show on radio station Classic Hits FM. He currently co-hosts More FM’s Drive show with Lana Searle.

neg: National Bingo Night (U.S. game show) National Bingo Night is an American game show hosted by Ed Sanders which premiered on ABC on May 18, 2007, with a six-episode order. Sanders is known for his work on another ABC show, "". The show was cancelled by ABC and was repackaged as "Bingo America" on GSN, first hosted by Patrick Duffy, and in October 2008 by Richard Karn.

neg: Ronna Romney Ronna Romney (born Ronna Eileen Stern; September 24, 1943) is an American Republican politician and radio talk show host.

neg: La Roue de la fortune La Roue de la fortune was the French version of the popular US game show "Wheel of Fortune". It was originally hosted by Michel Robbe, with other notable hosts being Christophe Dechavanne and Victoria Silvstedt and then by Benjamin Castaldi and 2008's Miss France, Valérie Bègue in early 2012. It aired on French television network TF1. The first episode aired on 5 January 1987, running until 1997. The modern incarnation of the show began in 2006 and ended in March 2012.

neg: Celebrity Family Feud Celebrity Family Feud, which is created by Mark Goodson and Bill Todman, is a spin-off of the American game show "Family Feud". Similarly to the primetime "All-Star Specials" featured during the late 1970s and early 1980s, the episodes feature teams of celebrities playing for charity rather than normal contestants.


query: The 21st Academy Awards features numerous firsts, it was the first time a non-Hollywood production won Best Picture, which 1948 British film adaptation of William Shakespeare's play "Hamlet"?

pos: 21st Academy Awards The 21st Academy Awards features numerous firsts. It was the first time a non-Hollywood production won Best Picture, "Hamlet". It was the first time an individual (Laurence Olivier) directed himself in an Oscar-winning performance.

pos: Hamlet (1948 film) Hamlet is a 1948 British film adaptation of William Shakespeare's play "Hamlet", adapted and directed by and starring Sir Laurence Olivier. "Hamlet" was Olivier's second film as director, and also the second of the three Shakespeare films that he directed (the 1936 "As You Like It" had starred Olivier, but had been directed by Paul Czinner). "Hamlet" was the first British film to win the Academy Award for Best Picture. It is also the first sound film of the play in English. A 1935 sound film adaptation, "Khoon Ka Khoon", had been made in India and filmed in the Urdu language.

neg: National Board of Review Awards 1949 The 21st National Board of Review Awards were announced on December 18, 1949.

neg: Bodil Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role The Bodil Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role (Danish: "Bodilprisen for bedste kvindelige hovedrolle" ) is one of the merit categories presented by the Danish Film Critics Association at the annual Bodil Awards. Created in 1948, it is one of the oldest film awards in Europe, and it honours the best performance by an actress in a leading role in a Danish produced film. The jury can decide not to hand out the award; this has happened 12 times since 1953.

neg: Richard the Second Richard the Second is a 2001 American film adaptation of William Shakespeare's "Richard II", directed by John Farrell.

neg: Daily Mail National Film Awards The National Film Awards (AKA Daily Mail National Film Awards, Daily Mail Film Awards, British Film Oscars, Britain's Oscars, Silver Star) were the first ever national film awards held in Britain. They were sponsored by the Daily Mail newspaper with readers voting at cinemas across the country, for best Actor, Actress and Film. The inaugural event was held at the Dorchester Hotel, London in 1946.

neg: The Real Thing at Last The Real Thing at Last is a satirical silent movie based on the play "Macbeth". It was written in 1916 by Peter Pan creator and playwright J. M. Barrie as a parody of the American entertainment industry. The film was made by the newly created British Actors Film Company in response to news that American filmmaker D. W. Griffith intended to honor the 300th anniversary of William Shakespeare's death with the production of a film version. No copies of "The Real Thing at Last" are known to survive.

neg: King Lear (1953 film) King Lear is a 1953 live television adaptation of the Shakespeare play staged by Peter Brook and starring Orson Welles. Preserved on kinescope, it aired October 18, 1953, as part of the CBS television series "Omnibus", hosted by Alistair Cooke. The cast includes Micheál Mac Liammóir and Alan Badel.

neg: 20th British Academy Film Awards The 20th British Film Awards, given by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts in 1967, honoured the best films of 1966.

neg: 25th Golden Globe Awards The 25th Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best achievements in 1967, were held on 12 February 1968.

neg: BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role Best Actor in a Supporting Role is a British Academy Film Award presented annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) to recognize an actor who has delivered an outstanding supporting performance in a film. Actors of all nationalities are eligible to receive the award.

neg: 1959 in film The year 1959 in film involved some significant events, with "Ben-Hur" winning a record 11 Academy Awards.

neg: Academy Award for Best Story The Academy Award for Best Story was an Academy Award given from the beginning of the Academy Awards until 1956, when it was eliminated in favor of the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay.

neg: Bodil Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role The Bodil Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role (Danish: "Bodilprisen for bedste mandlige hovedrolle" ) is one of the merit categories presented annually by the Danish Film Critics Association at the Bodil Awards. Created in 1948, it is one of the oldest film awards in Europe, and it honours the best performance by an actor in a leading role in a Danish produced film. The jury can decide not to hand out the award. This has happened five times, in 1952, 1970, 1976, 1985, and in 1986.

neg: Caesar (Mercury Theatre) Caesar is the title of Orson Welles's innovative 1937 adaptation of William Shakespeare's "Julius Caesar", a modern-dress bare-stage production that evoked comparison to contemporary Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany. Considered Welles's highest achievement in the theatre, it premiered November 11, 1937, as the first production of the Mercury Theatre, an independent repertory theatre company that presented an acclaimed series of productions on Broadway through 1941.

neg: Producers Guild of America Awards 2009 The 21st Producers Guild of America Awards were held at Hollywood Palladium in Hollywood, California on January 24, 2010, honoring the best film and television producers of 2009. The nominations were announced on November 30, 2009 and January 5, 2010.

neg: List of Academy Award Best Actress winners by age This is a list of winners of the Academy Award for Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role, presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) to an actress who has delivered an outstanding performance while working within the film industry. More popularly known as the Academy Award (or the Oscar) for Best Actress, this award was initially presented at the 1st Academy Awards ceremony for 1927–1928 and was most recently presented at the 88th Academy Awards ceremony for 2015. Throughout the past 89 years, accounting for ties and repeat winners, AMPAS has presented a total of 90 Best Actress awards to 75 different actresses. This list is current as of the 89th Academy Awards ceremony held on February 26, 2017.

neg: 41st Academy Awards The 41st Academy Awards were presented on April 14, 1969, at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion, Los Angeles. It was the first Academy Awards ceremony to be staged at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion. For the first time since the 11th Academy Awards, there was no host.

neg: 1st Berlin International Film Festival The 1st annual Berlin International Film Festival was held from 6 to 17 June 1951. The opening film was Alfred Hitchcock's "Rebecca". At this very first Berlin Festival, the Golden Bear award was introduced, and it was awarded to the best film in each of five categories: drama, comedy, crime or adventure, music film, and documentary. This system disappeared already the following year, partly because films that year were voted on by the audience.

neg: King Lear (1999 film) King Lear is a 1999 adaptation of William Shakespeare's play of the same name. The film stars Brian Blessed (who also co-directed the film, along with Tony Rotherham) in the title role. Apart from Peter Brook's "King Lear" in 1971, it is the only other feature length film adaptation to preserve Shakespeare's verse. Yvonne Griggs, in "Shakespeare's King Lear: A close study of the relationship between text and film" (2009), characterised it as "a very stilted costume drama".

neg: Carmen Dillon Carmen Dillon (25 October 1908, Hendon, London, England – 12 April 2000, Hove, East Sussex, England) was an English film and production designer who won an Oscar for the Olivier version of "Hamlet" (1948).

neg: Oscar speech An Oscar speech is a public monologue given by a person who has just been awarded an Academy Award, an accolade given annual by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to honor cinematic achievements in the film industry. Though speeches are common for award ceremonies, it is a particularly significant feature of the Academy Awards due to their worldwide audience and history of featuring prominent celebrities.


query: What is the name of this American author, young earth creationist, and intelligent design proponent who co-wrote "Of Pandas and People?"

pos: Of Pandas and People Of Pandas and People: The Central Question of Biological Origins is a controversial 1989 (2nd edition 1993) school-level textbook written by Percival Davis and Dean H. Kenyon and published by the Texas-based Foundation for Thought and Ethics (FTE). The textbook endorses the pseudoscientific concept of intelligent design—namely that life shows evidence of being designed by an intelligent agent which is not named specifically in the book, although proponents understand that it refers to the Christian God. They present various polemical arguments against the scientific theory of evolution.

pos: Percival Davis Percival William Davis, also known as Bill Davis, is an American author, young earth creationist, and intelligent design proponent.

neg: Jim Holt (philosopher) Jim Holt is an American philosopher, author and essayist. He has contributed to "The New York Times", "The New York Times Magazine", "The New York Review of Books", "The New Yorker", "The American Scholar", and "Slate". His book "Why Does the World Exist?" was a NYTimes bestseller for 2013.

neg: Intelligent design movement The intelligent design movement is a neo-creationist religious campaign for broad social, academic and political change to promote and support the pseudoscientific idea of intelligent design (ID), which asserts that "certain features of the universe and of living things are best explained by an intelligent cause, not an undirected process such as natural selection." Its chief activities are a campaign to promote public awareness of this concept, the lobbying of policymakers to include its teaching in high school science classes, and legal action, either to defend such teaching or to remove barriers otherwise preventing it. The movement arose out of the previous Christian fundamentalist and evangelistic creation science movement in the United States, and is driven by a small group of proponents. The overall goal of the intelligent design movement is to overthrow materialism and atheism. Its proponents believe that society has suffered "devastating" cultural consequences from adopting materialism and that science is the cause of the decay into materialism because it seeks only natural explanations, and is therefore atheistic. They believe that the scientific theory of evolution implies that humans have no spiritual nature, no moral purpose, and no intrinsic meaning. They seek to "reverse the stifling dominance of the materialist worldview" represented by the theory of evolution in favor of "a science consonant with Christian and theistic convictions."

neg: Larry Caldwell Larry Caldwell, a pro-intelligent design activist and attorney, has been active in bringing litigation in causes supporting the intelligent design movement. Caldwell along with his wife, Jeanne Caldwell a Christian school teacher who "takes the Bible literally" previously operated Quality Science Education for All (but that corporation has had its status suspended), and are currently appealing to the Supreme Court of the United States an Establishment Clause of the First Amendment suit against the University of California, Berkeley.

neg: George Gilder George Franklin Gilder (born November 29, 1939) is an American investor, writer, economist, techno-utopian advocate, and co-founder of the Discovery Institute. His 1981 international bestseller "Wealth and Poverty" advanced a practical and moral case for supply-side economics and capitalism during the early months of the Reagan administration and made him Ronald Reagan's most quoted living author. Married to Nini Gilder, he has four children.

neg: David George Campbell David George Campbell (born January 28, 1949 in Decatur, Illinois, United States) is an American educator, ecologist, environmentalist, and award-winning author of non-fiction.

neg: David G. McAfee David Gregory McAfee (born February 23, 1989) is an American author and journalist. McAfee is an atheist and a critic of biblical literalism and has written six books. He has been cited as a writer who brings mainstream books about atheism to the mass market and contributes to several rationalist and freethinking magazines. McAfee is the founder and president of the Party of Reason and Progress.

neg: Jason Rosenhouse Jason Rosenhouse is an American author and professor of mathematics at James Madison University, where he was originally appointed an assistant professor in 2003. He became a full professor in 2014. His research focuses on algebraic graph theory, as well as analytic number theory. He currently runs the blog Evolution Blog at National Geographic's ScienceBlogs, where he frequently criticizes creationism, has contributed to the pro-evolution blog "The Panda's Thumb", and has also contributed to the Huffington Post about topics such as the Higgs boson, in addition to creationism.

neg: Peter Farb Peter Farb (1929–1980) was an American author, anthropologist, linguist, ecologist, biologist, and spokesman for conservation.

neg: James Gleick James Gleick ( ; born August 1, 1954) is an American author and historian of science whose work has chronicled the cultural impact of modern technology. Recognized for his writing about complex subjects through the techniques of narrative nonfiction, he has been called "one of the great science writers of all time".

neg: Mark Stephen Meadows Mark Stephen Meadows is an American author, entrepreneur, and artist.

neg: L. Sprague de Camp Lyon Sprague de Camp ( ; 27 November 1907 – 6 November 2000), better known as L. Sprague de Camp, was an American writer of science fiction, fantasy, non-fiction and biography. In a career spanning 60 years, he wrote over 100 books, including novels and works of non-fiction, such as biographies of other fantasy authors. He was a major figure in science fiction in the 1930s and 1940s.

neg: Robert Frenay Robert Frenay (1946-January 27, 2007) was an American author and lecturer who described and advocated a green or ecologically conscious approach to technological development and development of human civilization.

neg: Project Steve Project Steve is a list of scientists with the given name Stephen/Steven or a variation thereof (e.g., Stephanie, Stefan, Esteban, etc.) who "support evolution". It was originally created by the National Center for Science Education as a "tongue-in-cheek parody" of creationist attempts to collect a list of scientists who "doubt evolution," such as the Answers in Genesis' list of scientists who accept the biblical account of the Genesis creation narrative or the Discovery Institute's "A Scientific Dissent From Darwinism". The list pokes fun at such endeavors to make it clear that, "We did not wish to mislead the public into thinking that scientific issues are decided by who has the longer list of scientists!" It also honors Stephen Jay Gould.

neg: Steven Goddard Steven Goddard (pseudonym for Tony Heller) is a blogger and the publisher of "Real Science," a website he established to assert that concerns over anthropogenic global warming are exaggerated. Before establishing his own blog, Goddard built his reputation as a challenger to anthropogenic climate change theories through frequent postings on the Watts Up with That? blog. Goddard wrote pseudonymously until 2014 when he revealed his true real identity on his blog. He has a BS in geology from Arizona State University and a Master's degree in electrical engineering from Rice University.

neg: Christopher P. Sloan Christopher P. Sloan (born September 28, 1954) is a science communicator, art director, author, and avocational paleontologist. Sloan is a four-time award-winning author of children’s books written for the National Geographic Society. He teaches modern approaches to science art online for the Academy of Art University in San Francisco, and is chairman of the Lanzendorf Paleo-Art Committee of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, an advisory board member of Exposé, a juried annual of computer graphic art. He is an active participant in the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History’s Human Origins Program and the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center. Most of Sloan’s time is concerned with being President of Science Visualization, a science media company he started in 2010. The firm is based in the Washington, D.C metropolitan area..

neg: Barry Lopez Barry Holstun Lopez (born January 6, 1945) is an American author, essayist, and fiction writer whose work is known for its humanitarian and environmental concerns. He won the National Book Award for Nonfiction for "Arctic Dreams" (1986) and his "Of Wolves and Men" (1978) was a National Book Award finalist.

neg: Pamela McCorduck Pamela McCorduck (born 1940) is an American author of a number of books concerning the history and philosophical significance of artificial intelligence, the future of engineering and the role of women and technology. She is also the author of three novels. She is a contributor to "Omni", "The New York Times", "Daedalus", the "Michigan Quarterly Review" and is a contributing editor of "Wired". She is a former vice president of the PEN American Center. She was married to computer scientist and academic Joseph F. Traub.

neg: Thomas Pynchon Thomas Ruggles Pynchon Jr. ( , commonly ; born May 8, 1937) is an American novelist. A MacArthur Fellow, he is noted for his dense and complex novels. His fiction and non-fiction writings encompass a vast array of subject matter, genres and themes, including history, music, science, and mathematics. For "Gravity's Rainbow", Pynchon won the 1974 U.S. National Book Award for Fiction.

neg: Jim Lippard James Joseph Lippard (born 1965) is an American skeptic and activist freethinker.

neg: Dan Millman Daniel Jay Millman (born February 22, 1946) is an American author and lecturer in the personal development field.


query: Baseball player Joe Sambito granduated from a high school located in what county?

pos: Joe Sambito Joseph Charles Sambito (born June 28, 1952) is a former pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for the Houston Astros (1976–1982, 1984), New York Mets (1985) and Boston Red Sox (1986–1987). He batted and threw left-handed. He graduated from Bethpage High School in Bethpage, New York

pos: Bethpage High School Bethpage High School is the only high school in Bethpage, New York. Located in Nassau County on Long Island, the school is situated at the corner of Stewart Avenue and Cherry Avenue, across from the Bethpage Community Park. On average, each class size is between 25 and 30 students. Bethpage High School was once ranked by "Newsweek" at number 267 of the Best High Schools in America.

neg: Winnebago High School Winnebago High School is a high school in Winnebago CUSD#323, in Winnebago, Illinois.

neg: Pleasant Hope High School Pleasant Hope High School is a public high school located in Pleasant Hope, Missouri, a small town about 23 miles north of Springfield, Missouri. The school has roughly 250 students, and is the only high school in the Pleasant Hope R-6 School District, which also provides on-site high school educational services to Good Samaritan Boys Ranch, a residential treatment center in nearby Brighton, Missouri.

neg: DeSoto County High School DeSoto County High School is a public high school located in Arcadia, Florida. It is part of the DeSoto County School District.

neg: Joseph High School Joseph High School is a public high school in Joseph, Oregon, United States.

neg: Griggsville-Perry High School Griggsville-Perry High School, or GPHS, is a public four-year high school located at 202 North Stanford Street in Griggsville, Illinois, a small city in Pike County, Illinois, in the Midwestern United States. GPHS serves the communities of Griggsville, Perry, and Fishhook. The campus is located 35 miles west of Jacksonville, Illinois, and serves a mixed small city, village, and rural residential community.

neg: Perryville High School (Arkansas) Perryville High School is a comprehensive public high school located in the fringe town of Perryville, Arkansas, United States. The school provides secondary education for students in grades 7 through 12. It is one of two public high schools in Perry County; the other is Bigelow High School. It is the sole high school administered by the Perryville School District.

neg: Lanier County High School Lanier County High School (LCHS) is a high school in Lakeland, Georgia, United States. The school is part of the Lanier County School District, which serves Lanier County.

neg: Owasso High School Owasso High School is a secondary school located within Tulsa County in Owasso, Oklahoma, United States.

neg: Chino Valley High School Chino Valley High School is a high school in Chino Valley, Arizona, United States. It is the only high school under the jurisdiction of the Chino Valley Unified School District.

neg: Humphreys County High School Humphreys County High School (HCHS) is a public senior high school in Belzoni, Mississippi and a part of the Humphreys County School District.

neg: Joseph City Junior/Senior High School Joseph City Junior/Senior High School is a junior high and high school in Joseph City, Arizona. It is operated by the Joseph City Unified School District, which also operates an elementary school.

neg: Alverno High School Alverno High School, also called, Alverno Heights Academy is an independent, Catholic, College-prep high school for girls located in Sierra Madre, California, near Pasadena, California in Los Angeles County, California of southern California. School is on the former Villa del Sol d’Oro estate. Due to Alverno High's unique architecture and grounds the school has been used in many TV shows and moives, also weddings.

neg: Tohono O'odham High School The Tohono O'odham High School is a high school in the town of Sells, Arizona in the heart of the Tohono O'odham Indian Reservation. Located along Arizona State Route 86 (mile marker 74), it is operated directly by the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Feeder schools include the San Simon day school and the Santa Rosa Boarding School, also operated by the BIA. It was established in the mid-1980s as the remaining reservations in Arizona finally received their own high schools.

neg: Taylor High School (Arkansas) Taylor High School is a comprehensive public junior-senior high school serving grades seventh through twelfth in the rural community of Taylor, Arkansas, United States. Located in southern Columbia County, Taylor High School is one of three public high schools in the county and one of three high schools administered by the Emerson–Taylor School District.

neg: Joppatowne High School Joppatowne High School is a high school in Joppatowne, Harford County, Maryland, USA.

neg: Alpharetta High School Alpharetta High School is a public high school located in Alpharetta, Georgia, United States. It is part of the Fulton County School System. "Atlanta Magazine" named Alpharetta High School one of the metro Atlanta area's best all-around high schools.

neg: Mary G. Montgomery High School Mary Gillen Montgomery High School is located in Semmes, an incorporated suburb of Mobile in Mobile County, Alabama, United States. Founded in 1965, the school is part of the Mobile County Public School System, and is one of the largest of the county's 18 public high schools. Due to its long official name, the school is affectionately known as "MGM," "Mary G," "Mary Montgomery," or "Montgomery High."

neg: Johnson City High School (New York) Johnson City High School is a public high school located in Johnson City, New York, a village in Broome County adjacent to Binghamton. The school, originally situated on Main Street in downtown Johnson City, was relocated to where it currently stands on Reynolds Road.

neg: Freeport High School (Florida) Freeport High School is a public high school in Freeport, Walton County, Florida. It is located at 12615 Business Highway 331 in South

neg: Valley City High School Valley City High School is a public high school located in Valley City, North Dakota. It is a part of the Valley City Public School District system. The school athletic teams are known as the Hi-Liners.


query: Which canal is longer, Shinnecock Canal and Warren County Canal?

pos: Shinnecock Canal The Shinnecock Canal (also known as the Shinnecock and Peconic Canal) is a canal that cuts across the South Fork of Long Island at Hampton Bays, New York. At 4700 ft long, it connects Great Peconic Bay and the north fork of Long Island with Shinnecock Bay and the Atlantic Ocean. The canal opened to traffic in 1892.

pos: Warren County Canal The Warren County Canal was a branch of the Miami and Erie Canal in southwestern Ohio about 20 mi in length that connected the Warren County seat of Lebanon to the main canal at Middletown in the mid-19th century. Lebanon was at the crossroads of two major roads, the highway from Cincinnati to Columbus (later U.S. Route 42) and the road from Chillicothe to the College Township (Oxford), but Lebanon businessmen and civic leaders wanted better transportation facilities and successfully lobbied for their own canal, part of the canal fever of the first third of the 19th century. The Warren County Canal was never successful, operating less than a decade before the state abandoned it.

neg: Shrewley Tunnel Shrewley Tunnel is a canal tunnel near Shrewley, Warwickshire, England, which opened in 1799. It became part of the Grand Union Canal in 1929.

neg: Cheshire Ring The Cheshire Ring is a canal cruising circuit or canal ring, which includes sections of six canals in and around Cheshire and Greater Manchester in North West England: the Ashton Canal, Peak Forest Canal, Macclesfield Canal, Trent and Mersey Canal, Bridgewater Canal and Rochdale Canal.

neg: Warren County, Kentucky Warren County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of 2014, the population was 120,460, making it the fifth-most populous county in Kentucky. The county seat is Bowling Green. Generally the county is dry, prohibiting the sale of alcohol, but retail alcohol sales are allowed in the "wet city" of Bowling Green; Warren County is classified as a moist county.

neg: Port of Pittsburgh The Port of Pittsburgh is a vast river traffic region in southwestern Pennsylvania. It spans a twelve-county area including Allegheny, Armstrong, Beaver, Blair, Butler, Clarion, Fayette, Greene, Indiana, Lawrence, Washington, and Westmoreland Counties. It encompasses essentially all 200 miles of commercially navigable waterways in southwestern Pennsylvania, including the three major rivers in this region: the Allegheny, the Monongahela, and the Ohio. These waterways are made navigable by a system of seventeen locks and dams. The Port of Pittsburgh supports over 200 river terminals and barge industry service suppliers, including privately owned public river terminals. The port complex is served by the CSX and Norfolk Southern railroads and by four interstate highways. The Port of Pittsburgh Commission acts as a comprehensive service for shippers and industries seeking information on the river system.

neg: South Chesapeake City Historic District South Chesapeake City Historic District is a national historic district at Chesapeake City, Cecil County, Maryland, United States. It reflects the town's period of greatest prosperity in the mid 19th century when the adjacent Chesapeake and Delaware Canal was an active commercial artery between major east coast waterways. Buildings from the 19th century dominate those few of the early 20th century and those of recent vintage.

neg: North Walsham & Dilham Canal The North Walsham and Dilham Canal is a waterway in the English county of Norfolk. It was authorised by Parliament in 1812, but work on the construction of a canal which ran parallel to a branch of the River Ant did not start until 1825. It included six locks, which were sized to accommodate wherries, and was officially opened in August 1826. It was 8.7 mi long and ran from two bone mills at Antingham to a junction with the River Ant at Smallburgh. It carried offal for the bone mills and agricultural products, as it proved cheaper to land coal on the beach at Mundesley and cart it overland than to use the canal.

neg: New York State Canal Corporation The New York State Canal Corporation is responsible for the oversight, administration and maintenance of the New York State Canal System, which consists of the Erie Canal, Cayuga–Seneca Canal, Oswego Canal and Champlain Canal. It is also involved with the development and maintenance of the New York State Canalway Trail and with the general development and promotion of the Erie Canal Corridor as both a tourist attraction and a working waterway.

neg: Broad Brook Canal The Broad Brook Canal is a water-supply canal feeding the Springfield Reservoir (a.k.a. the Ludlow Reservoir) in Ludlow, Massachusetts, a public water supply for the city of Springfield, Massachusetts. Its northern segment is also known as the Jabish Canal.

neg: Washington Canal (New Jersey) The Washington Canal, in Sayreville, New Jersey, is a waterway connecting the South River with the Raritan River, bypassing several loops at the mouth of the former.

neg: Ganargua Creek Ganargua Creek, also known as Mud Creek, is a main tributary which feeds the Erie Canal and Clyde River in Wayne County, New York, United States. The creek begins just east of the village of Victor in nearby Ontario County and meanders approximately 34 miles (55 kilometers) from west to east before emptying into the Erie Canal in the hamlet of Lyons. Ganargua Creek is actually split into two sections as it runs concurrent with the Erie Canal for about 3 miles (5 kilometers) near the village of Palmyra. Numerous tributaries feed Ganargua Creek along its route.

neg: Hocking Canal The Hocking Canal was a small 19th century canal in southern Ohio that once linked Athens to Lancaster and the Ohio and Erie Canal, but was destroyed by flooding and never rebuilt. It paralleled the Hocking River.

neg: Dougall Canal The Dougall Canal is a canal in Simcoe County, Ontario, Canada. It was named in 2015 for Bruce Dougall, who undertook its construction. It is located in Orillia on Couchiching Point, a piece of land that separates Lake Couchiching from Lake Simcoe.

neg: Broad Canal Broad Canal is a short canal in East Cambridge, Massachusetts, previously larger and part of the now-vanished canal system that made Cambridge an active seaport.

neg: Newichawannock Canal The Newichawannock Canal is a man-made canal which drains Great East Lake into Horn Pond at the border between Wakefield, New Hampshire, and Acton, Maine, in the northeastern United States. It is at the head of the Salmon Falls River, which the Abenaki called "Newichawannock", meaning "river with many falls". Begun in 1850 by the Great Falls Company to increase the water available for its mills in Somersworth, New Hampshire, the 0.75 mi canal is unusual as it was built for strictly industrial purposes in an area remote from the actual industrial site. The canal forms the boundary between the states of New Hampshire and Maine, and is spanned by a stone bridge built at the same time. The canal and bridge, along with related artifacts, were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2014.

neg: Obvodny Canal Obvodny Canal (Russian: Обводный канал , lit. Bypass Canal) is the longest canal in Saint Petersburg, Russia, which in the 19th century served as the southern limit of the city. It is 8 km long and flows from the Neva River near Alexander Nevsky Lavra to the Yekaterinhofka not far from the sea port. The canal was dug in 1769–80 and 1805–33. By the late 19th century, after to the Industrial Revolution, it had effectively become a sewer collecting wastewater of adjacent industrial enterprises. Eventually the canal became shallow and no longer navigable. The banks of the canal are lined with granite.

neg: New York State Canalway Trail The New York State Canalway Trail is a network of multi-use trails that runs parallel to current or former sections of the Erie, Oswego, Cayuga-Seneca, and Champlain canals. When completed, the system will have 524 mi of trails following current and former sections of the canals. The longest of these is the 365 mi long Erie Canalway Trail.

neg: Stevenston Canal The Stevenston Canal was a waterway in North Ayrshire, Scotland, built for Robert Reid Cunningham of Seabank (now Auchenharvie) and Patrick Warner of the Ardeer Estate, which ran to the port of Saltcoats from Ardeer, and Stevenston with a number of short branches to coal pits along the length of the cut. The canal opened on September 19, 1772, the first commercial canal in Scotland. It closed in the 1830s, when it was abandoned following the exhaustion of the coal mines and the rise of importance of Ardrossan as a harbour. At the time of its construction it was said to be the ""most complete water system of colliery transport ever devised in Britain.""

neg: Schoharie Crossing State Historic Site Schoharie Crossing State Historic Site, also known as Erie Canal National Historic Landmark, is a historic district that includes the ruins of the Erie Canal aqueduct over Schoharie Creek, and a 3.5 mi long part of the Erie Canal, in the towns of Glen and Florida within Montgomery County, New York. It was the first part of the old canal to be designated a National Historic Landmark, prior to the designation of the entire New York State Barge Canal as a NHL in 2017.

neg: Little Assawoman Bay Little Assawoman Bay is a body of water in Sussex County, Delaware. It is separated from Assawoman Bay by a narrow canal known locally as "The Ditch"

neg: Crinan Canal The Crinan Canal between Crinan and Ardrishaig in Argyll and Bute in the west of Scotland is operated by Scottish Canals. The canal, which opened in 1801, takes its name from the village of Crinan at its western end. Approximately 9 mi long, the canal connects the village of Ardrishaig on Loch Gilp with the Sound of Jura, providing a navigable route between the Clyde and the Inner Hebrides, without the need for a long diversion around the Kintyre peninsula, and in particular the exposed Mull of Kintyre.