query: Bayern Munich signed a Croatian forward, born in 1986, that played for what team?

pos: 2012–13 FC Bayern Munich season The 2012–13 FC Bayern Munich season was the 114th season in the club's history and the 48th consecutive season in the top flight of German football, the Bundesliga, since the promotion of the team from the Regionalliga Süd in 1965. Before the start of the season, Bayern signed Xherdan Shaqiri, Dante, Claudio Pizarro, Mitchell Weiser, Tom Starke and Mario Mandžukić. Bayern also added holding midfielder Javi Martínez after the first week of the Bundesliga season at the transfer deadline. The club started the season with a nine-match winning streak. The club would end the season claiming the Treble, winning the Bundesliga, the UEFA Champions League and the DFB-Pokal. Bayern are the first German club to achieve the Treble and are the third European Club to complete the Treble in the last five seasons and seventh ever in European Club competition.

pos: Mario Mandžukić Mario Mandžukić (; born 21 May 1986) is a Croatian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Italian club Juventus and the Croatia national team. Besides being a prolific goalscorer, he is known for his great defensive contribution and aerial power.

neg: Šime Vrsaljko Šime Vrsaljko (] ; born 10 January 1992) is a Croatian professional footballer who plays as a right back for Spanish club Atlético Madrid and the Croatia national team.

neg: Mensur Kurtiši Mensur Kurtiši (Macedonian: Менсур Куртиши , ; born 25 March 1986) is an Albanian footballer from Macedonia who currently plays for First Vienna in the Austrian Regional League East. Kurtiši plays as a striker and was called up to the Macedonian national team in May 2010.

neg: Nikola Vlašić Nikola Vlašić (born 4 October 1997) is a Croatian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Premier League  club Everton and the Croatia national team.

neg: Dario Purić Dario Purić (born 18 May 1986) is a professional Croatian-born Bosnian football midfielder who plays for HNK Orašje.

neg: Milan Badelj Milan Badelj (] ; born 25 February 1989) is a Croatian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Italian club Fiorentina and the Croatia national team.

neg: Fabian Gerster Fabian Gerster (born December 29, 1986) is a German footballer who plays for Stuttgarter Kickers.

neg: Goran Roce Goran Roce (born 12 April 1986) is a Croatian footballer, currently playing for Xanthi in the Superleague Greece.

neg: Martin Harnik Martin Harnik (born 10 June 1987) is a German-born Austrian footballer who currently plays for Hannover 96 and for the Austrian national football team.

neg: Milan Mačvan Milan Mačvan (Serbian: Милан Мачван , born 16 November 1989) is a Serbian professional basketball player for Bayern Munich of the Basketball Bundesliga (BBL). Standing at 2.06 m , he plays at the power forward position. He also represents and captains the Serbia men's national basketball team. He was selected by the Cleveland Cavaliers with the 54th overall pick in the 2011 NBA draft.

neg: Ivan Vargić Ivan Vargić (born 15 March 1987) is a Croatian footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Serie A club Lazio.

neg: Nguyễn Thị Minh Nguyệt Nguyễn Thị Minh Nguyệt (born 16 November 1986) is a Vietnamese footballer who plays as a forward.

neg: Bojan Pavlović (footballer, born 1986) Bojan Pavlović (Serbian Cyrillic: ; born November 8, 1986 in Loznica) is a Serbian football goalkeeper, playing for FK Sarajevo.

neg: Gzim Rexhaj Gzim Rexhaj (born 8 July 1986) is a Slovenian footballer of Albanian descent who plays as a forward for SSVg Heiligenhaus in Germany.

neg: Denis Glavina Denis Glavina (] ; born 3 March 1986) is a Croatian professional footballer who plays for FC Akzhayik in the Kazakhstan Premier League.

neg: Duško Dukić Duško Dukić (, born June 21, 1986) is a Serbian/Croatian football player who plays for Jagodina.

neg: Vladimir Savićević (Serbian footballer) Vladimir Savićević (Serbian Cyrillic: Владимир Савићевић) (born 12 May 1986) is a Serbian footballer who plays as a striker.

neg: Ahmet Delić Ahmet Delić (born 17 February 1986 in Priboj) is a Serbian-Austrian football player who plays for Soproni VSE.

neg: Sabit Bilali Sabit Bilali (born 15 August 1997) is an Albanian-born Croatian footballer playing for Fsv Luckenwalde as an attacking midfielder.

neg: Roberto Floriano Roberto Floriano (born 14 August 1986 in Albstadt, Germany) is an Italian footballer who plays as a forward for Carrarese.

neg: Tinja-Riikka Korpela Tinja-Riikka Tellervo Korpela (born 5 May 1986) is a Finnish football goalkeeper who plays for German club Bayern Munich. She previously played for Tyresö FF in Sweden's Damallsvenskan, LSK Kvinner and Kolbotn of Norway's Toppserien, and FC Honka of Finland's Naisten Liiga.


query: Which band was sometimes dubbed as the Radiohead of metal, Spiritualized or Deftones?

pos: Spiritualized Spiritualized are an English space rock band formed in 1990 in Rugby, Warwickshire by Jason Pierce (often known as J. Spaceman), formerly of Spacemen 3. The membership of Spiritualized has changed from album to album, with Pierce—who writes, composes and sings all of the band's material—being the only constant member.

pos: Deftones Deftones is an American alternative metal band from Sacramento, California, U.S. Formed in 1988, the band was founded by Chino Moreno (lead vocals, rhythm guitar), Stephen Carpenter (lead guitar), Abe Cunningham (drums) and Dominic Garcia (bass). During the group's first five years, the band's lineup changed several times, but stabilized in 1993 when Cunningham rejoined the group after his departure in 1990; by this time, Chi Cheng was the band's bassist. The lineup remained stable for fifteen years, with the exception of keyboardist and turntablist Frank Delgado being added in 1999. The band is known as one of the most experimental groups to have come from the alternative metal music scene. They are sometimes dubbed "the Radiohead of metal" by critics.

neg: Markize Markize is a French-Russian heavy metal band founded in 2003 by the singer-songwriter Alina Dunaevskaya and drummer David Verbecq.

neg: Lupine Howl Lupine Howl were a rock band formed in Bristol, England in 1999, by Sean Cook (vocalist, bassist), Mike Mooney (guitarist) and Damon Reece (born 16 February 1967) (drummer). The three had been dismissed from their respective roles in Spiritualized by that band's frontman, Jason Pierce.

neg: Circle of Dust Circle of Dust is an industrial rock project formed by Klayton, initially known as Scott Albert, who is now more widely known for his Celldweller project. During its early years, Circle of Dust, along with contemporaries Mortal and Deitiphobia, brought industrial metal to the Christian alternative metal scene. Circle of Dust spawned numerous offspring projects such as Klank, fronted by former Circle of Dust live-show guitarist Daren "Klank" Diolosa; Klayton's pseudonymous bands Argyle Park and Brainchild; and Chatterbox, which featured future members of Stavesacre. After buying back the rights to all of Circle of Dust's releases, Klayton re-launched the project in 2015.

neg: Paradise Lost (band) Paradise Lost are a gothic metal band that formed in 1988 in Halifax, England and are considered by some to be one of the pioneers of the death-doom genre and of the gothic metal genre. Paradise Lost has proven to be an influential band, with Jonas Renkse of Katatonia saying that his band started off "as Paradise Lost fanboys".

neg: Thought Chamber Thought Chamber is an American progressive metal supergroup formed in 2006. The band was formed by guitarist Michael Harris and vocalist Ted Leonard of Enchant. The band's first full-length album, "Angular Perceptions" was released in 2007 on progressive label InsideOut and received critical acclaim, including Honorable Mention from drum legend Mike Portnoy in his Top 10 Albums of 2007. Thought Chamber released their second full-length opus, a concept album entitled "Psykerion", in 2013 featuring founding members, guitarist Michael Harris and vocalist Ted Leonard, along with new drummer Mike Haid, bassist Jeff Plant, and keyboardist Bill Jenkins (Enchant). Progressive Metal web site, Grande Rock, voted "Psykerion" Best Album of 2013, and voted "Transcend" Best Song of 2013. In early 2014, Mike Portnoy invited Thought Chamber vocalist, Ted Leonard, to tour with his progressive band, Transatlantic, to fill in for Daniel Gildenlöw (Pain of Salvation) who was recovering from unexpected health issues. Ted also performed with Transatlantic, and Spock's Beard in Feb 2014 on the Progressive Nation at Sea cruise. In March 2014, InsideOut Music released the first-ever Thought Chamber video, "Transcend" which was filmed in Dallas, TX in September 2013.

neg: Metal Health Metal Health is the third studio album by American heavy metal band Quiet Riot. It was released on March 11, 1983, bolstered by the No. 5 hit "Cum On Feel the Noize" and the No. 31 hit "Metal Health". "Metal Health" is notable for being the first heavy metal album to reach the top spot on the "Billboard" 200, replacing the Police's "Synchronicity" at number one in November 1983. The album went on to sell more than six million copies and is considered a classic among heavy metal fans. Some critics, such as AllMusic, describe it as a one-hit wonder, owing to Quiet Riot's relative lack of critical and commercial success with following albums (and subsequent disintegration) towards the end of the 1980s. The title track was ranked No. 35 on VH1's 40 Greatest Metal Songs.

neg: Spiritual Apocalypse Spiritual Apocalypse is the fifth full-length album by Floridian death metal band Monstrosity. Critics were overwhelmingly positive. The album cover art is by David_Ho_(artist).

neg: Death (metal band) Death was an American death metal band from Orlando, Florida, founded in 1983 by guitarist and vocalist Chuck Schuldiner. Death is considered to be one of the most influential bands in heavy metal and a pioneering force in death metal. Its debut album, "Scream Bloody Gore", has been widely regarded as the first death metal record, while the band's driving force, Chuck Schuldiner, is acknowledged as the originator of extreme metal. Death had a revolving lineup, with Schuldiner being the sole consistent member. The group's style also progressed, from the raw sound on its early albums to a more sophisticated one in its later stage. The band ceased to exist after Schuldiner died of glioma and pneumonia in December 2001, but remains an enduring metal band.

neg: Phallucy Phallucy was a rock/alternative metal band from Sacramento, California. The band's drummer, Abe Cunningham, later became the drummer with the band Deftones, which is now a worldwide success. Phallucy has reunited three times: in 1999, 2001 and finally in 2009 for the "Chi Cheng Benefit Show" in San Francisco along with Death Angel and other special guests.

neg: Reverend Bizarre Reverend Bizarre was a doom metal band from Finland. They played slow and heavy traditional doom with dramatic vocals, following in the footsteps of bands such as Saint Vitus, Pentagram and Black Sabbath. The band was one of the biggest names in the fourth wave of traditional doom metal.

neg: Vices (Dead Poetic album) Vices is the third full-length album by Christian hard rock band Dead Poetic. The album was released on October 31, 2006 through Tooth & Nail Records. Aaron Sprinkle once again produced the album, and Chino Moreno of Deftones contributed guest vocals to "Paralytic." Lead vocalist Brandon Rike left the band shortly before the album's release and the band's remaining members opted not to continue with the band, although recently it has been stated that the band has not broken up, and will continue writing music.

neg: Deathgrind Deathgrind (sometimes written as death-grind or death/grind) is a fusion of death metal and grindcore. The genre, along with pornogrind, is related to the goregrind subgenre. This genre could be considered the most extreme and violent. "Zero Tolerance" described deathgrind as "grindcore and brutal death metal colliding head on." Danny Lilker described deathgrind as "combining the technicality of death metal with the intensity of grindcore."

neg: Downset. Downset. (originally called Social Justice) is an American rap metal band from Los Angeles, California. The band's music blends hip hop, funk, hardcore punk and heavy metal with "socially aware lyrics."

neg: Unblack metal Unblack metal (or Christian black metal) is a genre of heavy metal music that is stylistically close to the sound of black metal, but whose artists are either directly against the Satanism prevalent in black metal, or promote Christianity in their lyrics and imagery. Unblack metal artists are controversial within the black metal subculture, because black metal's pioneers, especially those of the Second Wave, were anti-Christian. It is also suggested that Christianity contradicts black metal's dark nature and the individualistic and misanthropic ideals of many bands.

neg: Heavy (Collective Soul song) "Heavy" is a song by American post-grunge band Collective Soul. It is the second single from their fourth album "Dosage". It was the last of the band's seven number ones on Billboard's Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks, as well as their most successful, staying atop the chart for fifteen weeks. It was also their last song to chart on the "Billboard" Hot 100, peaking at number 73. It was featured as one of two songs in "NHL 2001". The song was also featured in the NASCAR intro on NBC in 2003. An instrumental version is played in the 2014 Golden Corral ad

neg: Lazer Guided Melodies Lazer Guided Melodies is the debut studio album by English space rock band Spiritualized. The album was recorded by the inaugural line up of the band, consisting of Jason Pierce (vocals, guitars), Mark Refoy (guitars), Will Carruthers (bass), Jonny Mattock (drums) and Kate Radley (keyboards) from 1990 to 1991, and mixed by Pierce in London in January 1992. The album was first released on Dedicated Records in March 1992, on cassette, Compact Disc and Vinyl (2 x LP, with initial copies containing an additional free 7").

neg: Suicidal Tendencies Suicidal Tendencies (also known as S.T. or simply Suicidal) are an American crossover thrash band founded in 1980 in Venice, California by vocalist Mike Muir, who is the only remaining original member of the band. Along with D.R.I. and S.O.D., they are often credited as one of "the fathers of crossover thrash". Their current lineup includes Muir, guitarists Dean Pleasants and Jeff Pogan, bassist Ra Díaz and drummer Dave Lombardo. Notable former members of the band are lead guitarist Rocky George (now in Fishbone), rhythm guitarist Mike Clark (formerly of No Mercy, now in Waking the Dead), bassists Louiche Mayorga (now in Luicidal), Robert Trujillo (now in Metallica) and Stephen "Thundercat" Bruner, and drummers Amery Smith (later of Uncle Slam and the Beastie Boys), Jimmy DeGrasso (formerly or later of Y&T, White Lion, Alice Cooper and Megadeth, now in Ratt) and Brooks Wackerman (now in Avenged Sevenfold).

neg: Skindred Skindred are a Welsh metal band formed in Newport in 1998. Their musical style mixes heavy metal, alternative rock, and reggae. The band also integrate elements of hardcore punk, dancehall, jungle, ska, hip hop, drum and bass, dubstep, and various other influences into their music. They are well known for their energetic and involving live performances, and have won several awards including "Best Live Band" at the 2011 UK Metal Hammer Golden Gods Awards and the "Devotion Award" at the 2011 Kerrang! Awards.

neg: Metalcore Metalcore is a fusion genre combining elements of heavy metal and hardcore punk. The word is a portmanteau of the names of the two genres. Among other styles blending metal and hardcore, such as crust punk and grindcore, metalcore is noted for its use of breakdowns, which are slow, intense passages conducive to moshing. Pioneering metalcore bands—such as Integrity, Earth Crisis and Converge, all of which had formed by 1990—are described as leaning more toward hardcore, with their style sometimes being called metallic hardcore, whereas later bands—such as Killswitch Engage, All That Remains, Trivium, As I Lay Dying, Bullet for My Valentine, and Parkway Drive—are described as leaning more towards metal. Pantera and Sepultura (who influenced Trivium, Atreyu, Bleeding Through and Unearth) have been particularly influential to the development of metalcore in the 2000s, which saw many bands in the genre achieve commercial success.

neg: Stoneflex Stoneflex is an industrial metal band formed in Bogota, Colombia in 2006. The group was founded by the lead singer Jhiro Cryptor (aka Jhiro Rz), who was formerly the vocalist of the South American band Koyi K Utho. The name Stoneflex is derived from critical lyrics on religion, morality, philosophy and existentialism; displaying fondness for irony and aphorism. They Count with a long list of international awards in their career as "The Best New Band in Rolling Stones Argentina 2008.


query: In which year did this English lawyer and judge become a King's Counsel who reaffirmed Solle v Butcher?

pos: Solle v Butcher Solle v Butcher [1950] 1 KB 671 is an English contract law case, concerning the right to have a contract declared voidable in equity. Denning LJ reaffirmed a class of "equitable mistakes" in his judgment, which enabled a claimant to avoid a contract. Denning LJ said,

pos: Alfred Denning, Baron Denning Alfred Thompson "Tom" Denning, Baron Denning, (23 January 1899 – 5 March 1999) was an English lawyer and judge who has been called "the greatest judge of the century" and "probably the greatest English judge of modern times". Called to the bar in 1923 as a barrister he became a King's Counsel in 1938. Denning became a judge in 1944 with an appointment to the Probate, Divorce and Admiralty Division of the High Court of Justice and was made a Lord Justice of Appeal in 1948 after less than five years in the High Court. He became a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary in 1957 and after five years in the House of Lords returned to the Court of Appeal as Master of the Rolls in 1962, a position he held for twenty years. In retirement he wrote several books and continued to offer opinions on the state of the common law through his writing and his position in the House of Lords.

neg: Eleanor King (judge) Dame Eleanor Warwick King, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} ("née" Hamilton; born 13 September 1957) is a British judge of the Court of Appeal of England and Wales.

neg: Richard Lyster Sir Richard Lyster (c. 1480 – 14 March 1554) was an English judge and Chief Justice of the King's Bench.

neg: Nigel Peters Nigel Melvin Peters (born 14 November 1952), styled "His Honour Judge Nigel Peters QC", is a British lawyer and a Judge of the Crown Courts of England and Wales.

neg: Gorell Barnes, 1st Baron Gorell John Gorell Barnes, 1st Baron Gorell PC (16 May 1848 – 22 April 1913), was a British lawyer and judge.

neg: George Darell Shee George Darell Shee (12 July 1843 – 15 December 1894, Felixstowe) was an English judge, and oldest son of the Anglo-Irish judge and politician Sir William Shee. He was educated at Trinity Hall, Cambridge, where he graduated Bachelor of Laws in 1866. He was admitted to the Middle Temple on 6 November 1862, and was called to the bar on 30 April 1867. He joined the south-eastern circuit, became district probate registrar for East Suffolk, and in July 1883 was appointed recorder of Hythe. He married, on 14 October 1873, Jane, eldest daughter of Harry Innes of Thomastown, and died at Landguard Lodge, Felixstowe, on 15 December 1894. He was the author of "A Remonstrance" (Dublin, 1886), which was addressed to Sir Charles Gavan Duffy, in reply to his attack on Sir William Shee, in a book entitled "The League of the North and South".

neg: Rose Heilbron Dame Rose Heilbron DBE QC (19 August 1914 – 8 December 2005) was an outstanding English barrister of the post-war period in the United Kingdom. Her career included many "firsts" for a woman - she was the first woman to win a scholarship to Gray's Inn, one of the first two women to be appointed King's Counsel in England, the first woman to lead in a murder case, the first woman Recorder, the first woman judge to sit at the Old Bailey, and the first woman Treasurer of Gray's Inn. She was also the second woman to be appointed a High Court judge, after Elizabeth Lane.

neg: Trehawke Kekewich Sir Trehawke Herbert Kekewich, 1st Baronet (11 July 1851 – 10 March 1932) was an English barrister and judge.

neg: John Vavasour Sir John Vavasour KS (ca. 1440 – 26 November 1506) was an English judge. He was apparently part of a minor regional knightly family, and studied law at Inner Temple. He was made a Serjeant-at-Law in 1478 and appointed a King's Serjeant in 1483, followed by a 1485 appointment as Second Justice of Lancaster and a 1495 promotion there to Chief Justice.

neg: Francis Hargrave Francis Hargrave (c.1741–1821) was an English lawyer and antiquary. He was the most prominent of the five advocates who appeared on behalf of James Somersett in the case which determined, in 1772, the legal status of slaves in England. Although the case was Hargrave's first, his efforts on the occasion secured his reputation.

neg: Harold Derbyshire Sir Harold Derbyshire {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (25 December 1886 – 14 September 1972) was an English barrister and judge.

neg: Thomas Raymond (judge) Sir Thomas Raymond or Rayment (1626/7 — 14 July 1683) was a British judge. Born to Robert Raymond, he was educated at a school in Bishop's Stortford before matriculating to Christ's College, Cambridge on 5 April 1643. On 6 February 1645 he joined Gray's Inn, being called to the Bar there on 11 February 1651. In October 1677 he became a Serjeant-at-Law, before being appointed a Baron of the Exchequer on 1 May 1679 and knighted on 26 June. On 7 February 1680 he became a Justice of the Common Pleas, and on 24 April 1680 transferred to the Court of King's Bench. He died on 14 July 1683, leaving behind a set of law reports titled "Reports of divers special cases adjudged in the courts of king's bench, common pleas, and exchequer in the reign of King Charles II", which were published in 1696, 1743, 1793 and 1803. His son, Robert Raymond, also later became a judge. Commentators of the time identified him as having "extraordinary servility" and being an "unprincipled judge", with his failure in a witchcraft trial to point out the "irrationality" of the defendants' confessions leading to their death.

neg: Richard Keble Richard Keble (died 1683/84) was an English lawyer and judge, a supporter of the Parliamentarian cause during the English Civil War. During the early years of the Interregnum he was a Keeper of the Great Seal. He was also an active judge who presided at several high-profile trials. At the Restoration under a provision in the Indemnity and Oblivion Act he was forbidden from holding further public offices.

neg: Andrew Collins (judge) Sir Andrew David Collins (born 19 July 1942), styled The Hon. Mr Justice Collins, is a retired English barrister and judge. He served as a Justice of the High Court's Queen's Bench Division from 1994 until his 75th birthday in July 2017.

neg: Anthony Evans (judge) Sir Anthony Evans, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (born 11 June 1934) is an internationally-known jurist, judge and barrister and a former Lord Justice of Appeal.

neg: A. V. Dicey Albert Venn Dicey, KC, FBA (4 February 1835 – 7 April 1922), usually cited as A. V. Dicey, was a British jurist and constitutional theorist. He is most widely known as the author of "Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution" (1885). The principles it expounds are considered part of the uncodified British constitution. He became Vinerian Professor of English Law at Oxford and a leading constitutional scholar of his day. Dicey popularised the phrase "rule of law", although its use goes back to the 17th century.

neg: John Rolt Sir John Rolt PC QC (5 October 1804 – 6 June 1871) was an English lawyer, Conservative politician and judge who served as Attorney General under Lord Derby.

neg: Charles Darling, 1st Baron Darling Charles John Darling, 1st Baron Darling, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (1849–1936) was an English lawyer, politician and later a High Court judge.

neg: Stephen Mitchell (judge) Sir Stephen George Mitchell QC (born 1941), styled The Hon. Mr Justice Mitchell, is a former judge of the High Court of England and Wales assigned to the Queen's Bench Division.

neg: William Hankford Sir William Hankford (or Hankeford) (c. 1350 – 1423) of Annery in Devon, was an English lawyer, and Chief Justice of the King's Bench from 1413 until 1423.

neg: Edward Northey (barrister) Sir Edward Northey (7 May 1652 – 14 August 1723) was a senior British barrister and politician during the later seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. During his career in the law, Northey filled several senior posts and eventually became Attorney General for England and Wales, serving in this capacity on two separate occasions. He also sat in parliament, retaining a position of influence following the accession of King George I by remaining neutral on significant political issues.


query: Does the Inula genus or the Fouquieria genus have more species?

pos: Inula Inula is a large genus of about 90 species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, native to Europe, Asia and Africa.

pos: Fouquieria Fouquieria is a genus of 11 species of desert plants, the sole genus in the family Fouquieriaceae. The genus includes the ocotillo ("F. splendens") and the boojum tree or cirio ("F. columnaris"). They have semisucculent stems with thinner spikes projecting from them, with leaves on the bases spikes. They are unrelated to cacti and do not look much like them; their stems are proportionately thinner than cactus stems and their leaves are larger.

neg: Flabellula Flabellula is a genus of Amoebozoa.

neg: Bulbophyllum faunula Bulbophyllum faunula is a species of orchid in the genus "Bulbophyllum".

neg: Fonsecaea Fonsecaea is a genus of fungi in the family Herpotrichiellaceae. The type species, "Fonsecaea pedrosoi", is associated with the disease chromoblastomycosis.

neg: Inquilinus Inquilinus is a bacterial genus from the family Rhodospirillaceae.

neg: Inezia (plant) Inezia is a genus of South African plants in the sunflower family.

neg: Fulgora The fulgorid genus Fulgora contains several large Central and South American planthoppers known by a large variety of common names including lantern fly, peanut bug, peanut-headed lanternfly, alligator bug, machaca, and jequitiranaboia (the latter terms used in the Amazon region and elsewhere in Brazil). The nine species are mostly similar in appearance, with differences in the shape of the head (often quite subtle), and patterns of wing coloration. The most well-known and widespread of these species is "Fulgora laternaria". They can measure as long as 3 inches. There is some confusion regarding the validity of some of the currently recognised species. The type species of "Fulgora" is "Cicada laternaria" Linnaeus 1758, designated under the Plenary Powers by ICZN (1954: 185). Old World species assigned to this genus belong instead to the genus "Pyrops".

neg: Proepipona Proepipona is an Afrotropical genus of potter wasps with seven described species.

neg: Penicillium infrapurpureum Penicillium infrapurpureum is a species of the genus of "Penicillium".

neg: Inocybe Inocybe is a large genus of mushroom-forming fungi. Members of "Inocybe" are mycorrhizal, and some evidence shows that the high degree of speciation in the genus is due to adaptation to different trees and perhaps even local environments.

neg: Banksula Banksula is a genus of harvestman in family Phalangodidae. Currently, ten species are described, all of them endemic to California, United States.

neg: Anulavirus Anulavirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Bromoviridae. Pelargonium serve as natural hosts. There are currently only two species in this genus including the type species Pelargonium zonate spot virus.

neg: Anereuthinula Anereuthinula is a genus of moths of the Noctuidae family.

neg: Bertula Bertula is a genus of moths of the Noctuidae family.

neg: Pilobolaceae The Pilobolaceae are a family of fungi in the Mucorales order. Generally, species in this family have a widespread distribution, although there are some that are restricted to tropical and subtropical regions. This family includes two genera: "Pilobolus", and "Utharomyces".

neg: Peltula Peltula is a genus of small dark brown to olive or dark gray squamulose lichens that can be saxicolous (grow on rock)) or terricolous (grow on soil). Members of the genus are commonly called rock-olive lichens. They are cyanolichens, with the cyanobacterium photobiont being from the "Anacystis" genus. They are umbillicate with flat to erect squamule lobes that attach from a central holdfast or cluster of rhizenes. Lichen spot tests are usually negative.

neg: Sternula Sternula is a genus of small white terns. It is often subsumed into the larger genus "Sterna", although the most recent changes to the AOU checklist considers it a separate genus. The genus name is a diminutive of "Sterna, "tern".

neg: Inula britannica Inula britannica, the British yellowhead or meadow fleabane, is a Eurasian species of plants in the genus "Inula" within the daisy family. It is widespread across much of Europe and Asia, and sparingly naturalized in scattered locations in North America.

neg: Pterulaceae The Pterulaceae are a family of fungi in the Agaricales order. According to a 2008 estimate, the family contains 99 species distributed among 12 genera.

neg: Inula spiraeifolia Inula spiraeifolia is a European species perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the genus "Inula" within the daisy family.

neg: Auriporia Auriporia is a small genus of fungi in the family Fomitopsidaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Norwegian mycologist Leif Ryvarden in 1973, with what was then known as "Poria aurea" as the type species.


query: Could Anna Der-Vartanian have seen Armand Tokatyan Singing in cafes before he was famous?

pos: Armand Tokatyan Armand Tokatyan (June 16, 1894 – June 12, 1960) was an operatic tenor. An Armenian born in Plovdiv, Bulgaria, he travelled to Egypt with his parents where he sang in cafés to a favorable response. He was then sent to Paris to study tailoring, but instead sang in Left Bank cafés. In 1914, he returned to Egypt and earned his living by again singing in the cafés. He took up operetta, soon becoming a matinee idol, then in 1919 went to Milan to pursue an opera career. His operatic debut was in 1921 at the Teatro Dal Verme in Puccini's "Manon Lescaut". With the help of Italian conductor Giuseppe Bamboschek, he joined the touring Scotti Opera Company in the United States, and was soon noticed by the Metropolitan Opera where he debuted in 1923. For many years he performed there and at many other opera houses in the US and Europe. He was proficient in numerous languages. Many recordings were made of his performances.

pos: Anna Der-Vartanian Anna Der-Vartanian (December 6, 1920 – August 4, 2011) was the first woman promoted to Master Chief Petty Officer (E-9), the highest enlisted rate in the United States Navy.

neg: Ilanit Hanna Dresner-Tzakh (Hebrew: חנה דרזנר  ; born September 17, 1947), better known by her stage name Ilanit, is a female Israeli singer who became one of the most popular singers in Israel during the late 1960s to the 1980s, both as a soloist and in the duo Ilan & Ilanit. Ilanit also represented Israel twice in the Eurovision Song Contest. In a career spanning over 4 decades, Ilanit recorded and produced over 600 songs and more than 30 best-selling albums.

neg: Vuy Aman "Vuy Aman" (Armenian: Վույ Աման ) is 2017 song by Armenian Pop singer Sirusho featuring Armenian-American singer, songwriter Sebu Simonian from Capital Cities.

neg: Erik Kurmangaliev Erik Kurmangaliev (December 31, 1959 – November 13, 2007) was a Russian-Kazakh opera singer, actor and a leading public figure in Russia's perestroika music scene.

neg: Alla Yoshpe Alla Yakovlevna Ioshpe (Yoshpe) (Russian: А́лла Я́ковлевна Ио́шпе (Йо́шпе) ; born June 13, 1937, Ukrainian SSR) is a Soviet and Russian pop singer, and a People's Artist of the Russian Federation (2002).

neg: Yevgeny Petrosyan Yevgeny Vaganovich Petrosyan (Russian: Евге́ний Вага́нович Петрося́н , Armenian: Եվգենի Վահանի Պետրոսյան (Պետրոսյանց) ; born on 16 September 1945 in Magadan, USSR) is a Soviet/Russian comedian of Armenian and Jewish descents. He was named in 2005 among the most influential figures in contemporary Russia, in a survey conducted by independent polling agency The Levada Centre. Popular since the days of the USSR, Petrosyan was the host of TV variety show "Crooked Mirror".

neg: La mamma La mamma is the eleventh French studio album by the French-Armenian singer Charles Aznavour, released in 1963. It achieved TOP1 in France for several weeks, Spain (also TOP1), it was a TOP10 hit in Belgium, Holland, and other countries. It became a bestseller, and sold over a million copies only in France. The English version of 'La Mama' entitled 'For Mama', was written in 1964, with words by Don Black and became a hit in Philippines. In the US Ray Charles performed it.

neg: Eleftheria Arvanitaki Eleftheria Arvanitaki (Greek: Ελευθερία Αρβανιτάκη) (born October 17, 1957 in Piraeus) is a Greek folk singer. She originates from the island of Icaria. Arvanitaki has worked with important musicians, such as Cesária Évora, Arto Tunçboyacıyan, Ara Dinkjian. On 14 March 2010, Alpha TV ranked her the sixth top-certified female artist in the nation's phonographic era (since 1960).

neg: Viguen Vigen or Viguen, born Vigen Derderian (Persian: ویگن دردریان  , "Vigen Derderyân"; Armenian: Վիգեն Դէրդէրեան , "Vigen Dērdērean"; November 23, 1929 - October 26, 2003), known as "King of Iranian pop" and the "Sultan of Jazz", was an Iranian pop music singer and actor, well known throughout the Near East. Vigen sang both in Persian and Armenian.

neg: Camille D'Arville Camille D'Arville (June 21, 1863 — September 9, 1932), born Cornelia "Neeltye" Dykstra, was a Dutch-born light opera singer and a vaudeville performer. She was a member of The Bostonians. (Her surname is also found as Darville, d'Arville, and D'arville.)

neg: Arthur Berkut Artur Vyacheslavovich Mikheev (Russian: Артур Вячеславович Михеев , born 24 May 1962), better known under his stage name Arthur Berkut (Russian: Артур Беркут), is a Russian singer. Throughout his career, he has participated in numerous bands, with the most notable being Autograph, Mavrik, and Aria.

neg: Sirusho Siranush Harutyunyan (Armenian: Սիրանուշ Հարությունյան ; born 7 January 1987), known professionally as Sirusho (Armenian: Սիրուշո ), is an Armenian singer, whose musical career has been active for over 20 years. Her musical style reflects the Armenian traditional soundes mixed with the modern world music. Sirusho received her first award only aged 9, for her song "Lusabats". Sirusho's first studio album, "Sirusho", was released in 2000, her second album "Sheram" was released in 2005. In the same year, she was awarded "The Future of Armenian Music", "Best Album" and "Best Female Performer" awards in the first Armenian National Music Awards.

neg: Annie Palmen Annie Palmen (born Anna Maria Palmen; 19 August 1926 – 15 January 2000) was a Dutch singer, best known for her participation in the 1963 Eurovision Song Contest.

neg: Café-chantant Café chantant (French: lit. "Singing café") is a type of musical establishment associated with the "belle époque" in France. Although there is much overlap of definition with cabaret, music hall, vaudeville, etc. the "café chantant" was originally an outdoor café where small groups of performers performed popular music for the public. The music was generally lighthearted, sometimes risqué, even bawdy but, as opposed to the cabaret tradition, not particularly political or confrontational.

neg: Aris San Aris San (Greek: Άρης Σαν , Hebrew: אריס סאן  ; January 19, 1940 – July 25, 1992) was a Greek singer and nightclub owner who popularized Greek music in Israel in the late 1950s and 1960s.

neg: Armenia TV Armenia TV (Armenian: Արմենիա հեռուստաընկերություն ("Armenia herustaënkerut'yun")) is an Armenian TV channel that was established shortly after the formalization of the independent Republic of Armenia. The station was set up in 1997 by two children of the famous Armenian television personality, intellectual, historian and author, Artem Sargsyan and has developed a reputation for broadcasting telenovelas. The channel is now the most watched Armenian television network in the world, presenting a diverse array of shows, series and movies.

neg: Marie-Louise Damien Marie-Louise Damien (December 5, 1889 – January 31, 1978), better known by the stage name Damia, was a French singer and actress.

neg: Aref Arefkia Aref Arefkia (Persian: عارف عارف‌کیا  ), known as Aref (Persian: عارف  ; also Romanized as "Āref"), born August 10, 1940 in Tehran, Iran, and known as "the Sultan of Hearts" and "the legend of pop", is an Iranian pop music singer and actor.

neg: Alla Pugacheva Alla Borisovna Pugacheva (Russian: Алла Борисовна Пугачёва ; sometimes transcribed in English as Pugachova, ] ; born 15 April 1949), is а Soviet and Russian musical performer. Her career started in 1965 and continues to this day. For her "clear mezzo-soprano and a full display of sincere emotions", she enjoys an iconic status across the former Soviet Union as the most successful Soviet performer in terms of record sales and popularity.

neg: Vladimir Msryan Vladimir Ivanovich Msryan (Armenian: Վլադիմիր Իվանի Մսրյան ; Russian: Владимир Иванович Мсрян ; 12 March 1938 – 24 August 2010) was an Armenian stage and film actor.

neg: Maria Armanda Armanda Maria De Jesus Lopes, better known as Maria Armanda, is a former Portuguese child singing sensation. She was 5 years old when she topped the charts in 1981 with her single "Eu vi um sapo".


query: Chelyabinsk Airlines' former name meant what in Russian?

pos: Chelyabinsk Air Enterprise Chelyabinsk Airlines was an airline based in Chelyabinsk, Russia. It operated trunk and regional scheduled and charter passenger flights and also leased aircraft to other operators. It was formerly the Aeroflot Chelyabinsk Division. Its name was often shortened to "Chelal". From 1994 the airline operated Yakovlev 42 tri-jet airliners.

pos: Aeroflot PJSC AeroflotRussian Airlines (Russian: ПАО "Аэрофло́т-Росси́йские авиали́нии" , "ПAO Aeroflot-Rossiyskiye avialinii" ) (), commonly known as Aeroflot ( or ) (Russian: Аэрофлот , English translation: "air fleet", ] ), is the flag carrier and largest airline of the Russian Federation. The carrier is an open joint stock company that operates domestic and international passenger and services, mainly from its hub at Sheremetyevo International Airport.

neg: Koryak Air Enterprise Koryak Air Enterprise was a Russian passenger and cargo airline based in Kamchatka, Russia. From 2006 it was government subsidised. It merged with Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky Air Enterprise in 2010.

neg: Soviet Border Troops Soviet Border Troops, (Russian: Пограничные войска СССР, "Pogranichnyye Voiska SSSR" ) were the militarized border guard of the Soviet Union, subordinated to its subsequently reorganized state security agency: first to "Cheka"/OGPU, then to NKVD/MGB and, finally, to KGB. Accordingly, they were known as NKVD Border Troops and KGB Border Troops (with Russian abbreviations - "НКВД СССР"/- "КГБ СССР" added on the end of official names). Unlike border guards of many other countries, Soviet Border Troops also included the maritime border guarding units (i.e., a coast guard).

neg: Nyazepetrovsk Nyazepetrovsk (Russian: Нязепетро́вск ) is a town and the administrative center of Nyazepetrovsky District in Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia, located on the Nyazya River (a tributary of the Ufa), 150 km northwest of Chelyabinsk, the administrative center of the oblast. Population:  (2010 Census) ;  (2002 Census) ;  (1989 Census)

neg: Oko Oko (Russian: Око meaning "Eye" in old Russian), is a Russian (previously Soviet) missile defence early warning programme consisting of satellites in Molniya and geosynchronous orbits. Oko satellites are used to identify launches of ballistic missiles by detection of their engines' exhaust plume in infrared light, and complement other early warning facilities such as Voronezh, Daryal and Dnepr radars. The information provided by these sensors can be used for the A-135 anti-ballistic missile system which defends Moscow. The satellites are run by the Russian Aerospace Forces, and previously the Russian Aerospace Defence Forces and Russian Space Forces. As of December 2015, it is being replaced by the new EKS system.

neg: Russian Armed Forces The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (Russian: Вооружённые Си́лы Росси́йской Федера́ции , "Vooruzhonnije Síly Rossíyskoj Federátsii" ) are the military service of the Russian Federation, established after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. On 7 May 1992, Boris Yeltsin signed a presidential decree establishing the Russian Ministry of Defence and placing all Soviet Armed Forces troops on the territory of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic under Russian control. The Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces is the President of Russia. The Russian Armed Forces were formed in 1992.

neg: Honoured Test Navigator of the USSR The Honorary Title "Honoured Test Navigator of the USSR" (Russian: Заслуженный штурман-испытатель СССР ) was a military and civilian state award of the Soviet Union established on August 14, 1958 by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet № 2523-X to recognise courage and outstanding service in experimental aviation. Its statute was confirmed on August 22, 1988 by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet № 9441-XI. The title ceased to be awarded following the December 1991 dissolution of the Soviet Union.

neg: Burevestnik Airport Burevestnik (also Iturup; Japanese: 天寧飛行場 , "Tennei-hikōjyō") (IATA: BVV, ICAO: UHSB) is a military air base on Iturup Island, Russia, establishing the nation's presence on the disputed South Kuril Islands with the largest airfield in the region. It is also the former Soviet Union's most remote interceptor base, home of 387 IAP (387th Interceptor Aviation Regiment). During the 1970s it flew MiG-21bis and upgraded to MiG-23 jets in 1983. Burevestnik's communications and logistics were tied to Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk and supplies were flown in weekly on An-12 aircraft.

neg: Aeroflot Flight 5463 Aeroflot Flight 5463 was a Soviet domestic passenger flight from Chelyabinsk to Almaty which crashed on 30 August 1983 while approaching Almaty. The aircraft collided with the western slope of Dolan Mountain at an altitude of 690 m . As a result of the accident, all ninety people on board were killed.

neg: Pilot-Cosmonaut of the Russian Federation The Honorary Title Pilot-Cosmonaut of the Russian Federation (Russian: Летчик-космонавт Российской Федерации ) is a state award of the Russian Federation presented to all cosmonauts who fly for the Russian Federal Space Agency. Usually accompanying the distinction is the title of Hero of the Russian Federation, the highest title that can be awarded to a Russian for performing heroic deeds while in service of the state.

neg: Magdagachi Airport Magdagachi Airport (IATA: GDG, ICAO: UHBI) is a small airport in Russia's Amur Oblast, located 3 km north of Magdagachi. It is an old 1960s-era base in poor condition due to poor maintenance and the often harsh, local climate. Satellite images show that it has a hardened runway, 10 revetments, and a small tarmac apron. During the mid-1970s the U.S. Department of Defense cited this as one of the bases used by the Soviet Union's first two identified air assault brigades. This brigade was the 13th Separate Air Assault Brigade, formed in 1969.

neg: Chernomorsky Chernomorsky (Russian: Черноморский ; masculine), Chernomorskaya (Черноморская ; feminine), or Chernomorskoye (Черноморское ; neuter) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.

neg: Yak-Service Yak-Service (Russian: ЗАО «Авиационная компания «Як-Сервис» ) was an airline based in Moscow, Russia. It operated executive passenger charters. It was established on 12 February 1993 and started operations on 25 November 1993. The airline was banned from operating within the EU from 24 July 2009 to November 2009.

neg: Pulkovo Aviation Enterprise Pulkovo Federal State Unified Aviation Service Company (ФГУАП “Пулково”) was an airline with its head office in Moskovsky District, Saint Petersburg, Russia. It operated the Pulkovo Airport and was 100% state owned. It was the third largest airline in Russia. On 29 October 2006 it completed a merger with government owned Federal State Unified Aviation Service Company to form a new company under the Rossiya name.

neg: Chelyabinsky Chelyabinsky (masculine), Chelyabinskaya (feminine), or Chelyabinskoye (neuter) may refer to:

neg: NATO reporting name NATO reporting names are code names for military equipment of Russia, China, and, historically, the former Eastern Bloc (Soviet Union and other nations of the Warsaw Pact). They provide unambiguous and easily understood English words in a uniform manner in place of the original designations, which either may have been unknown to the Western world at the time or easily confused codes. For example, the Russian bomber jet Tupolev Tu-160 is simply called Blackjack.

neg: Aviation Division An Aviation Division (Russian: авиационная дивизия ) was a type of formation of the Military Air Forces of the Red Army during the Second World War, the Soviet Air Forces, Soviet Air Defence Forces (PVO) and Aviation of the Military Naval Fleet, and since 1991 remain major formations within the Military Air Forces of the Russian Federation.

neg: Katav-Ivanovsky District Katav-Ivanovsky District (Russian: Ката́в-Ива́новский райо́н ) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-seven in Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the west of the oblast. The area of the district is 3415 km2 . Its administrative center is the town of Katav-Ivanovsk. Population (excluding the administrative center):  (2010 Census) ; 17,739 (2002 Census);  (1989 Census)

neg: Novgorod Airport Novgorod Yurievo Airport (Russian: Аэропорт Новгород Юрьево ) (IATA: NVR, ICAO: ULNN) is a former airport serving the city of Velikiy Novgorod, Novgorod Oblast, Russia, located 4 km southwest of the city centre. It was officially closed and replaced by the Krechevitsy Airport in 2002. It was a busy airport during the Soviet era, with regular flights to Minsk, Moscow, Krasnodar and other destinations. After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, the airport became abandoned due to economic stagnation. In 1996, the airport was hosting only one regular daily flight to Moscow, but these flights were cancelled soon afterwards due to a small numbers of travellers deterred by high ticket prices.

neg: Karabash, Chelyabinsk Oblast Karabash (Russian: Карабаш ) is a town in Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia, located 90 km northwest of Chelyabinsk. Population:  (2010 Census) ; 15,942 (2002 Census);  (1989 Census)

neg: Aeroflot destinations The history of Aeroflot can be traced back to 9   1923 (1923--) , when the Council of Labour and Defence passed a resolution to create the Civil Air Fleet of the USSR, amalgamating all pioneer airlines to form Dobrolet on 25   1923 (1923--) . Operations started on 15   1923 (1923--) linking Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod, becoming the first regular services of the country. The name "Aeroflot" was adopted in 1932 after the reorganisation of Dobrolet. By the end of the 1930s the carrier had the following routes in operation: Kharkov–Kiev, Kharkov–Odessa, Kiev–Odessa, Kiev–Rostov–Mineralnye Vody, Kiev–Simferopol, Moscow–Leningrad, Moscow–Minsk, Moscow–Odessa, Moscow–Sochi, Moscow–Kuybishev, Moscow–Baku–Tbilisi, Moscow–Simferopol, Moscow–Stalingrad–Astrakhan, Tbilisi–Sukhumi, Tbilisi–Yerevan, Kutasi–Mestia and Sukhumi–Sochi.


query: How many franchise restaurants has the sub sandwich shop in the Fashion Outlets of Niagara Falls opened?

pos: Fashion Outlets of Niagara Falls Fashion Outlets of Niagara Falls, (formerly Niagara Factory Outlet Mall, Niagara Factory Outlets, Prime Outlets of Niagara Falls, and Niagara Falls Mall), is an outlet mall serving Niagara Falls, New York, surrounded by many big-box centers and numerous chain restaurants including Longhorn Steakhouse, Five Guys Burgers and Fries, Applebees, Firehouse Subs, Chipotle Mexican Grill, and the big-box plaza Lasalle Center.

pos: Firehouse Subs To date, Firehouse Subs has opened 1050 franchise restaurants across 44 states, Puerto Rico, Canada, and Mexico.

neg: Pickle Barrel Pickle Barrel is a Canadian restaurant chain that owns and operates twelve locations in Greater Toronto.

neg: Ngan Lung Restaurant Ngan Lung Catering (Holdings) Limited (銀龍飲食集團有限公司) is a cha chaan teng restaurant chain founded by Tang Bing-hung in 1963 in the city-state of Hong Kong. The chain currently has 18 locations, primarily serving Kowloon and the New Territories. It also operates three restaurants on Hong Kong Island. Food items offered at each outlet varies, although most of the available food choices are standard, and are reminiscent of Hong Kong traditional cha chaan teng and bing sutt food culture.

neg: Dare Foods Dare Foods, Limited is a Canada-based food manufacturing company. They have seven factories in Canada and the United States. Their products are distributed in North America and at least 25 other countries.

neg: Roy Rogers Restaurants Roy Rogers Franchise Company, LLC is a Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern United States chain of fast food restaurants founded by the Marriott Corporation in 1968 in Falls Church, Virginia. As of October 2016, Roy Rogers has 54 stores: 24 corporate and 30 franchised. In 2002, the Plamondon Companies purchased the trademark from Imasco, the former parent of Hardee's. Under the new owners the company is headquartered in Frederick, Maryland.

neg: Browns Shoes Browns Shoes is a Montreal-based fashion footwear retailer that owns and operates 57 stores across Canada under a variety of footwear brands.

neg: Marriott on the Falls Hotel Niagara Falls Marriott on the Falls is a 335 feet (102 m) tall hotel in Niagara Falls, Ontario. The hotel opened in 1993 as the Sheraton Fallsview Hotel, originally with 20 floors. However, they added floors 22-31 in the year 2000. The hotel left Sheraton for Marriott in 2011. There are two rooms on the 32nd floor which are only used when the hotel has no rooms (or by request). Being one of the tallest structures in the city, it can be seen throughout the general tourist area.

neg: Ranch One Ranch One is a chain of restaurants specializing in grilled, marinated chicken breast sandwiches, which is franchised by Kahala Brands. The chain was founded in New York City, New York in 1990. Through the years, Ranch One has opened a total of over 100 stores, of which over 30 were active in 2009. Most stores are in the United States. In addition there are several locations in Kuwait.

neg: Chefette Chefette Restaurants is the largest fast food restaurant chain based in the Caribbean island nation of Barbados. Currently operating throughout the island in 14 locations, Chefette is known for its broasted chicken meals as well as a local curried-'meat + vegetable' (similar to the European Gyro) roll-up or wrap, locally known as a roti. Chefette was founded by a Trinidadian businessman named Assad John Haloute, who migrated to Barbados in 1971. In 1972, he opened the first Chefette Restaurant at Fontabelle, St. Michael. As the success of the chain grew over the next three decades, the restaurant chain continued its expansion. The company's trademark colours are yellow and purple.

neg: Which Wich? Which Wich Superior Sandwiches is an American fast casual restaurant chain specializing in sandwiches and salads. It has its headquarters in Downtown Dallas, Texas. As of December 2016, it has 404 locations open in 36 U.S. states as well as the District of Columbia, along with 27 international locations in Bahrain, Guatemala, Kuwait, Mexico, Oman, Panama, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates.

neg: Papa Murphy's Papa Murphy's, a business based in Vancouver, Washington, United States, is a take-and-bake pizza company. It began in 1995 as the merger of two take-and-bake pizza companies: Papa Aldo's Pizza (founded in 1981) and Murphy's Pizza (founded in 1981). The company and its franchisees operate more than 1,300 outlets in the United States and Canada. Papa Murphy's is the fifth-largest pizza chain in the United States.

neg: EVOS (restaurant) EVOS Food Creations, Inc. (styled ēvōs) is a chain of franchised fast food restaurants founded in Tampa, Florida. The company operates 3 locations in Florida. The name "EVOS" derives from the word, "evolve".

neg: Cicis Cicis (formerly named CiCi's Pizza) is an American buffet restaurant chain based in Coppell, Texas, specializing in pizza. There are approximately 500 franchised and corporately owned restaurants in 35 states. In November 2015, the company began a new marketing campaign which included the renaming of the company to Cicis, along with the addition of a new logo and redesigned website. The campaign is aimed at proving that Cicis has more to offer than just pizza.

neg: Niagara Fallsview Casino Resort The Niagara Fallsview Casino Resort (commonly known as Fallsview Casino) in Niagara Falls, Ontario opened publicly on June 10, 2004. This $1 billion complex overlooks the Horseshoe Falls and is one of the most prominent features of the Niagara skyline. The site was once the transformer station building for the Ontario Power Company at the foot of Horseshoe Falls. It was also occupied by the Canadian Pacific Railway Montrose Subdivision.

neg: Mark's Pizzeria Mark's Pizzeria is a franchise with 50 pizza restaurants throughout Upstate New York. It was founded in 1982 by Mark Crane.

neg: Taco Bell Taco Bell is an American chain of fast-food restaurants based in Irvine, California. A subsidiary of Yum! Brands, Inc., they serve a variety of Tex-Mex foods, including tacos, burritos, quesadillas, nachos, other specialty items, and a variety of "value menu" items. Taco Bell serves more than 2 billion customers each year at 7,000 restaurants, more than 80 percent of which are owned and operated by independent franchisees and licensees.

neg: Goli Vada Pav Goli Vada Pav is an Indian ethnic fast food restaurant chain originated from Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. It was founded in 2004 as a vadapav restaurant by Venkatesh Iyer and Shivadas Menon. Today, Goli Vada Pav has 300 stores in 100 cities across 20 states of India. The expanse is from Gorakhpur in North to Calicut in South and Porbandar in West to Kolkata in East. The Basket of products include varieties of vadapav, vada rolls, currys pavs and desserts. It is positioned as an alternative to traditional fast food and rivals the conventional burger. The franchise retail chain store has now grown to a 55 crores business which plans to make a multi-fold jump to 350 crores with the opening of 1000 outlets pan-India.

neg: O'Charley's O'Charley's is a casual dining restaurants chain in the United States, with more than 200+ company-owned locations. O'Charley's is located in 17 Southern and Midwestern states, including four franchised O'Charley's restaurants in Michigan, four franchised O'Charley's in Ohio, and three joint venture O'Charley's restaurants in Louisiana.

neg: Curves International Curves International, also known as Curves for Women, Curves Fitness, or just Curves, is an international fitness franchise co-founded by Gary and Diane Heavin in 1992. In October 2006, Curves was said to have had over 10,000 locations worldwide, with 7,848 of those locations in the United States. In Curves' 2017 Franchise Disclosure Document filing, the company stated there were 919 franchise locations open in the United States, as of December 31, 2016. The company is privately held by its co-founders, with corporate offices located in Waco, Texas. Curves fitness and weight loss facilities are designed specifically for and focused on women, although in some states, men are allowed to join. The company is partially owned by North Castle Partners.

neg: Starr Restaurant Organization The Starr Restaurant Organization is a group of 33 restaurants in Philadelphia, New York City, Atlantic City, Washington D.C. and South Florida. The organization is headed by founder Stephen Starr. Starr's catering operation, Starr Events, was sold to TrustHouse Services in August 2015 for $40 million.

neg: Subway Israel Subway Israel (Hebrew: סאבוויי  ) was a fast food sandwich chain, an international franchise of Subway. Opening in 1992, they expanded to 23 branches around Israel before they closed in 2004.


query: Sanghamitra Bandyopadhyay a professor at theIndian Statistical Institute, a public university established in what year?

pos: Sanghamitra Bandyopadhyay Sanghamitra Bandyopadhyay (born 1968) is an Indian computer scientist specializing in computational biology. A professor at the Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, she is a Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize winner in Engineering Science for 2010. Her research is mainly in the areas of evolutionary computation, pattern recognition, machine learning and bioinformatics. Since 1 August 2015, she has been the Director of the Indian Statistical Institute, and she would oversee the functioning of all five centres of Indian Statistical Institute located at Kolkata, Bangalore, Delhi, Chennai, and Tezpur besides several other Statistical Quality Control & Operation Research Units spread across India. She is the first woman Director of the Indian Statistical Institute.

pos: Indian Statistical Institute Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) is an academic institute of national importance as recognised by a 1959 act of the Indian parliament. It grew out of the Statistical Laboratory set up by Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis in Presidency College, Kolkata. Established in 1931, this public university of India is one of the oldest and most prestigious institutions focused on statistics, and its early reputation led it to being adopted as a model for the first US institute of Statistics set up at the Research Triangle, North Carolina by Gertrude Mary Cox.

neg: University of Nusa Cendana The University of Nusa Cendana (Indonesian: "Universitas Nusa Cendana" ) is a public university in Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. It was established on September 1, 1962. Its rector is Prof. Ir. Fredrik L. Benu, M.Si., Ph.D.

neg: Shyamaprasad Mukherjee Shyamaprasad Mukherjee, FNASc, known as S. P. Mukherjee (born 16 June 1939), is an Indian statistician and the former Centenary Professor of Statistics at the University of Calcutta. He is currently a visiting professor at University of Calcutta after retiring formally as the Centenary Professor of Statistics in 2004.

neg: B. R. Bhat Beliyar Ramdas Bhat was a professor and head of the department of statistics at Karnataka University, Dharwad for more than two decades. He was elected member of International Statistical Institute, and Fellow of Royal Statistical Society.

neg: Gouri Sankar Bandyopadhyay Gouri Sankar Bandyopadhyay (born 26 December 1962) was awarded as the Best Educationist 2015 from the International Institute of Education and Management, New Delhi, India. He is serving as the principal of Syamsundar College since 2015. Bandyopadhyay spent his early days serving as a lecturer and reader in the Department of History at Saldiha College and Bankura Christian College in Bankura, West Bengal, India. He is also in the scientific committee of the "International Scientific Conference on Economic and Scientific Development".

neg: University of Rajshahi The University of Rajshahi, also known as Rajshahi University or RU (Bengali: রাজশাহী বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় "Rājshāhi Bish-shobid-daloy") is a public university in Rajshahi, a city in north-western Bangladesh. University of Rajshahi was established in 1953, the second university to be established in what was then East Pakistan.The university is ranked 3rd on the Bangladesh University Ranking 2017

neg: Indian Institute of Management Calcutta Indian Institute of Management, Calcutta abbreviated as IIM Calcutta or IIM-C, is a public business school located in Joka, Kolkata (Calcutta), India. It was the first Indian Institute of Management to be established.

neg: University of Science and Technology, Meghalaya The University of Science and Technology, Meghalaya (or simply USTM) is an autonomous university in India located at Ri-Bhoi, in the state Meghalaya. It is the first State Private University on Science and Technology in the entire Northeast India. The University is established through the University of Science and Technology, Meghalaya Act, 2008 of the Government of Meghalaya. This University is a project of Education Research & Development Foundation (ERDF), the largest educational network in the North Eastern region of India.

neg: NIMS University NIMS University (formerly known as National Institute of Medical Sciences) is a Self Financed University located in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. NIMS University is recognized by UGC established under the NIMS UNIVERSITY ACT 2008 by the government of India. The University was formed by Prof. (Dr.) Balvir S. Tomar NIMS UNIVERSITY is a medical paramedical and technical university in India. Nims Medical College ranked as 5th emerging college in the India by India Today 2016 Nielsen Survey.

neg: Jai Prakash University Jai Prakash University (JPU) is one of the state premier universities in Chhapra, Bihar, India. Serving the needs of higher and quality education of the people of Saran commisionary, it has completed its 27 years and has entered its 28rd year. With 21 constituent colleges, 11 affiliated colleges and 23 proposed colleges including 10 professional colleges, it is offering courses at the undergraduate level and postgraduate level in most subjects. With student strength of thousands of students, J.P. University is amongst the largest universities of Bihar. The University Grants Commission (UGC), draws its power from the University Grants Commission Act, 1956.[1] In addition, 15 Professional Councils are established, controlling different aspects of accreditation and coordination.[2] State universities are public universities run by the state government  of each of the states and union territories of India, and are usually established by a local legislative assembly act.

neg: Edinburgh Napier University Edinburgh Napier University is a public university in Edinburgh, Scotland. Napier Technical College, the predecessor of the university was founded in 1964, taking its name from Scottish mathematician John Napier. It gained university status in 1992 and was renamed Napier University.

neg: Bhakta Kavi Narsinh Mehta University Bhakta Kavi Narsinh Mehta University is a state university located at Junagadh, Gujarat, India. It was established in 2015 by "Bhakta Kavi Narsinh Mehta University Act, 2015" of the Government of Gujarat.

neg: All India Institutes of Medical Sciences The All India Institutes of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) are a group of autonomous public medical colleges of higher education. These institutes have been declared by an Act of Parliament as Institutes of National Importance. AIIMS Delhi, the fore-runner parent excellence institution, was established in 1956.

neg: Fareast International University Fareast International University (FIU) (Bengali: ফারইস্ট ইন্টারন্যাশনাল ইউনিভার্সিটি ) is a private university located at Banani in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The university was established in 2013 under the Private University Act, 2010.

neg: Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology (Thai: สถาบันเทคโนโลยีนานาชาติสิรินธร) (SIIT) is a semi-autonomous institute of technology established in 1992 within Thammasat University. It is located in Pathum Thani, Thailand. One of Thailand's research universities, it offers science, technology and engineering education, as well as related management programs. All are international programs, with English language as a medium of instruction. The institute is part of the Links to Asia by Organizing Traineeship and Student Exchange network, an international consortium of universities in Europe and Asia.

neg: NIILM University NIILM University is a private university in kaithal in the state of Haryana, India.NIILM University was established by the Haryana State Legislature under Haryana Act No. 16 of 2011. Recently, NIILM University has been awarded by ASSOCHAM as the Best Private Upcoming University in Rural Area.

neg: Davangere University Davangere University (Kannada:ದಾವಣಗೆರೆ ವಿಶ್ವವಿದ್ಯಾನಿಲಯ) is a public state university located in Davangere, Karnataka, India. The university was established in the year 2008 by the Government of Karnataka.

neg: Chulalongkorn University Chulalongkorn University (Thai: จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย ; rtgs: Chulalongkon Mahawitthayalai ;  ] ), abbreviated either CU or Chula (Thai: จุฬาฯ ), is a public and autonomous research university in Bangkok, Thailand. The university was established in 1917, making it the oldest institute of higher education in Thailand.

neg: DIT University DIT University (DITU), erstwhile Dehradun Institute of Technology, is a private university near Dehradun in India, established by the non-profit Unison Group. DIT University has been established by Govt. of Uttarakhand vide Act No.10 of 2013 dated 15 February 2013 and is recognized by the UGC under section 2(F) of the UGC Act, 1956.

neg: Bandung Institute of Technology The Bandung Institute of Technology or Institute of Technology, Bandung (Indonesian: "Institut Teknologi Bandung" , abbreviated as ITB) is a state, coeducational research university located in Bandung, Indonesia. Established in 1920, ITB is the oldest technology-oriented university in Indonesia.

neg: University of Delhi The University of Delhi (UOD), informally known as Delhi University (DU), is a collegiate public central university, located in New Delhi, India. It was founded in 1922 by an Act of the Central Legislative Assembly. As a collegiate university, its main functions are divided between the academic departments of the university and affiliated colleges. Consisting of three colleges, two faculties, and 750 students at its founding, the University of Delhi has since become India's largest institution of higher learning and among the largest in the world. The university currently consists of 16 faculties and 86 departments distributed across its North and South campuses. It has 77 affiliated colleges and 5 other institutes with an enrollment of over 132,000 regular students and 261,000 non-formal students. The Vice-President of India serves as the University's chancellor.


query: How old was Lynn Dickey when playing for the Green Bay Packers in their 58th season?

pos: 1977 Green Bay Packers season The 1977 Green Bay Packers season was their 58th season in the National Football League. The club posted a 4–10 record under coach Bart Starr, earning them a fourth-place finish in the NFC Central division. The Packers struggled with injuries and continued to be among the worst teams in the NFL posting a horrendous 4-10 record, during the season Quarterbacks Lynn Dickey and David Whitehurst combined to throw 21 Interceptions while just connecting on six Touchdown Passes.

pos: Lynn Dickey Clifford Lynn Dickey (born October 19, 1949) is a retired National Football League quarterback, who played for the Houston Oilers and the Green Bay Packers in the 1970s and 1980s.

neg: Hal Prescott Harold Dougald Prescott (October 18, 1920 – May 1, 2002) was a professional American football player who played wide receiver for four seasons for the Green Bay Packers, Philadelphia Eagles, Detroit Lions, and New York Yanks.

neg: Rick Norton Richard Eugene Norton (November 16, 1943 – July 25, 2013) from Louisville, Kentucky was an American collegiate and professional football quarterback who played college football at the University of Kentucky and professionally with the American Football League's Miami Dolphins (1966–1969), and one game for the National Football League's Green Bay Packers (1970). He died of natural causes on July 25, 2013.

neg: Maurice Harvey Maurice N. Harvey (born January 14, 1956) is a former professional American football safety in the National Football League. He played seven seasons for the Denver Broncos, the Green Bay Packers, the Detroit Lions, and the Tampa Bay Buccaneers.

neg: 2002 Green Bay Packers season The Green Bay Packers season was the franchise's 83rd season in the National Football League and the 84th overall.

neg: Allen Moore (American football) Audrey Allen Moore (July 18, 1909 – July 28, 1991) Born Audrey Allen Moore, Al Moore was a wide receiver defensive end in the National Football League who played for the Green Bay Packers. Moore came out of Texas A&M and played five games for the Packers in 1939. At Texas A&M, Moore played the sousaphone tuba, earning him the nickname "Sousie." After playing with the Packers to win the 1939 NFL championships, Moore joined the U.S. Navy and served on the U.S.S. Pennsylvania aircraft carrier in World War II Pacific theater. After the war, he settled in the Los Angeles, California area where he married Marie Darrieulat, and raised three daughters, Lynne, Suzanne and Kathleen.

neg: Corey Linsley Corey Michael Linsley (born July 27, 1991) is an American football center for the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Ohio State. Linsley was drafted by the Packers in the fifth round of the 2014 NFL Draft.

neg: Green Bay Packers The Green Bay Packers is a professional American football team based in Green Bay, Wisconsin. The Packers compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's National Football Conference (NFC) North division. It is the third-oldest franchise in the NFL, dating back to 1919, and is the only non-profit, community-owned major league professional sports team based in the United States. Home games have been played at Lambeau Field since 1957.

neg: Wuert Engelmann Wuert Engelmann (also spelled Weert) (February 11, 1908 – January 8, 1979) was a professional American football player who played running back for four seasons for the Green Bay Packers.

neg: 1949 Green Bay Packers season The 1949 Green Bay Packers season was their 30th season in the National Football League. The club posted a 2–10 record under coach Curly Lambeau for a fifth-place finish in the Western Conference. This was the 31st and final season the Packers played under Lambeau, who resigned and then coached the Chicago Cardinals in 1950 and 1951 and the Washington Redskins in 1952 and 1953.

neg: 1955 Green Bay Packers season The 1955 Green Bay Packers season was their 36th season in the National Football League. The club posted a 6–6 record under coach Lisle Blackbourn, earning them a third-place finish in the Western Conference.

neg: Norm Masters Norman Donald Masters (September 19, 1933 – April 19, 2011) was an American football offensive tackle for the Green Bay Packers. He was originally drafted by the Chicago Cardinals in the 1956 NFL Draft. He was 6 feet 2 inches tall and weighted 249 pounds

neg: Jeff Dellenbach Jeffrey Alan Dellenbach (born February 14, 1963 in Wausau, Wisconsin) is a former American football center in the National Football League for the Miami Dolphins, New England Patriots, Green Bay Packers, and the Philadelphia Eagles. He was a member of the Green Bay Packers when they won Super Bowl XXXI. Dellenbach played college football at the University of Wisconsin–Madison and was drafted by the Dolphins in the fourth round of the 1985 NFL Draft.

neg: Ken Beck (American football) Kenneth Lee Beck, known as Ken Beck (September 3, 1935 – March 5, 2006), was a defensive tackle in the National Football League. Beck played two seasons with the Green Bay Packers. He was a member of the Western Division Champion Packers in 1960. Beck was chosen by the Minnesota Vikings in the 1961 Expansion Draft, but was released by team at the end of training camp. He played for the Canadian Football League Toronto Argos from 1961 to 1962 under Coach Lou Agassi. Beck was one of only two men to have played for both Bear Bryant and Vince Lombardi.

neg: Charley Armey Charley Armey (born July 16, 1939) is a former American football coach, scout, and executive. He was an assistant coach/interim head coach for the Denver Gold in 1983. He was a scout for the Green Bay Packers (1985–1987), Atlanta Falcons (1987–1991) New England Patriots (1991–1997) He was the general manager of the St. Louis Rams 2000 to 2005 after being a scout for the Rams. His brother is Dick Armey.

neg: 1978 Green Bay Packers season The 1978 Green Bay Packers season was their 59th season in the National Football League. The club posted an 8–7–1 record under coach Bart Starr, earning them a second-place finish in the NFC Central division. This marked the first season the Packers were above .500 since 1972. The Packers got off to a 6-1 start. However, most of the wins came against weaker teams, and once the scheduled toughened up the Packers struggled winning only one and tying one of their next six games. After a big win in Tampa Bay over the Buccaneers, the 8-5-1 Packers still had a shot at a NFC Central Title. However, the team would lose both of their final games, closing out with a 31-14 loss to the Los Angeles Rams and at 8-7-1 finished in a first place tie . The Packers lost the tie breaker to the Minnesota Vikings, by tying (10 - 10 ) and losing to the Vikings ( 7 - 21) and missed the playoffs.

neg: Boyd Dowler Boyd Hamilton Dowler (born October 18, 1937) is a former professional football player, a wide receiver in the National Football League. He played twelve seasons from 1959 to 1971, eleven with the Green Bay Packers and one with the Washington Redskins.

neg: Ade Schwammel Adolphe "Ade" John Schwammel (October 14, 1908 – November 18, 1979) was an American football tackle who played five seasons in the National Football League with the Green Bay Packers.

neg: Ted Hendricks Theodore Paul Hendricks (born November 1, 1947) is a former American football linebacker who played 15 seasons for the Baltimore Colts (1969–1973), the Green Bay Packers (1974) and the Oakland and Los Angeles Raiders (1975–1983) in the National Football League (NFL). He was a member of four Super Bowl-winning teams, and was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1990 after being elected to the College Football Hall of Fame in 1987. He is distinguished as being the first Guatemalan to play in the National Football League.

neg: Richard Rodgers (American football) Richard Christopher Rodgers II (born January 22, 1992) is an American football tight end for the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at California. Rodgers was drafted by the Packers in the third round of the 2014 NFL Draft.

neg: Ted Cook (American football) Theodore Walter Cook, Sr. (February 6, 1922 – October 16, 2006) was a player in the National Football League. He played one season with the Detroit Lions and three with the Green Bay Packers.


query: What battle took place during an offensive that pushed the Germans out of France, forcing them to retreat beyond the Hindenburg Line?

pos: Battle of the Scarpe (1918) The Battle of the Scarpe was a World War I battle that took place during the Hundred Days Offensive between 26 and 30 August 1918.

pos: Hundred Days Offensive The Hundred Days Offensive was the final period of the First World War, during which the Allies launched a series of offensives against the Central Powers on the Western Front from 8 August to 11 November 1918, beginning with the Battle of Amiens. The offensive essentially pushed the Germans out of France, forcing them to retreat beyond the Hindenburg Line, and was followed by an armistice. The term "Hundred Days Offensive" does not refer to a specific battle or unified strategy, but rather the rapid series of Allied victories starting with the Battle of Amiens.

neg: Battle of Armentières The Battle of Armentières (also Battle of Lille) was fought by German and Franco-British forces in northern France in October 1914, during reciprocal attempts by the armies to envelop the northern flank of their opponent, which has been called the Race to the Sea. Troops of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) moved north from the Aisne front in early October and then joined in a general advance with French troops further south, pushing German cavalry and Jäger back towards Lille until 19 October. German infantry reinforcements of the 6th Army arrived in the area during October.

neg: First Battle of Jaunde The First Battle of Jaunde involved the attempted British and French assault on the German capital of Jaunde during the Kamerun Campaign of the First World War. Due to a lack of coordination, difficult terrain, adverse weather conditions, and stiff German resistance, the attack was forced to retreat in late June 1915. Another assault on the capital would not be conducted until later that year.

neg: Battle of St. Quentin (1871) The Battle of St. Quentin was a battle of the Franco-Prussian War in which Prussian forces defeated French attempts to relieve the besieged city of Paris.

neg: First Battle of Villers-Bretonneux The First Battle of Villers-Bretonneux (30 March – 5 April 1918), took place during Operation Michael, part of the German Spring Offensive on the Western Front. The offensive began against the British Fifth Army and the Third Army on the Somme and pushed back the British and French reinforcements on the north side of the Somme. The capture of Villers-Bretonneux, close to Amiens, a strategically-important road- and rail-junction, would have brought the Germans within artillery-range. In late March, Australian troops were brought south from Belgium as reinforcements to help shore up the line and in early April the Germans launched an attack to capture Villers-Bretonneux. After a determined defence by British and Australian troops, the attackers were close to success until a counter-attack by the 9th Australian Infantry Brigade and British troops late in the afternoon of 4 April restored the situation and halted the German advance on Amiens.

neg: Battle of Pirmasens The Battle of Pirmasens (14 September 1793) saw a French Republican corps led by Jean René Moreaux attack a Kingdom of Prussia force led by Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel. From prepared positions, the Prussians caught the French in a deadly crossfire, forcing them to withdraw. The clash happened during the War of the First Coalition, part of a larger conflict known as the French Revolutionary Wars. In 1793 Pirmasens was part of the Bavarian Palatinate but today the city is in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate in Germany, 34.4 km south of Kaiserslautern.

neg: Battle of the Lisaine The Battle of the Lisaine, also known as the Battle of Héricourt was fought from 15 January to 17 January 1871 between German and French forces. The French were led by Charles Denis Bourbaki, and were attempting to relieve the Siege of Belfort. The Germans prepared multiple corps, about 40,000 men, to halt the French advance of about 110,000 men. The Germans had their outer posts overran quite swiftly but the Prussians forced back and counterattacked the French forces, breaking the morale of French troops and leaving them to either die or retreat. In the end their efforts failed, and they were forced to flee into Switzerland where they were all interned soon after.

neg: Plan XVII Plan XVII (] ) was the name of a "scheme of mobilization and concentration" that was adopted by the French "Conseil Supérieur de la Guerre" (the peacetime title of the French General Staff) from 1912–1914, to be put into effect by the French Army in the event of war between France and Germany. Though it was not "a prescribed narrative for the campaign" or battle plan, the deployment made possible a prompt invasion of Germany and/or Belgium before Germany could mobilise its reserves, simultaneous to a Russian invasion of East Prussia. The plan was implemented from 7 August 1914, with disastrous consequences for the French, who were defeated in the Battle of the Frontiers (7 August – 13 September) at a cost of 329,000 casualties. The French northern armies were forced into a retreat as far as the Marne river, where in the First Battle of the Marne (5–12 September), the German armies were defeated and forced back to the Aisne river.

neg: Capture of Mametz Mametz is a village on the D 64 road, about 20 mi north-east of Amiens and 4 mi east of Albert. Fricourt lies to the west, Contalmaison is to the north, Montauban to the north-east and Carnoy and Maricourt are to the south-east. Mametz Wood is 1000 yd to the north-west and before 1914, the village was the fifth largest in the area, with about 120 houses and had a station on the line from Albert to Péronne. During the Battle of Albert (25–29 September) 1914 the II Bavarian Corps attacked westwards north of the Somme but was fought to a standstill east of Mametz. Reinforced by the XIV Reserve Corps the Germans on the north side of the Somme attacked again and took Mametz on 29 September. After a mutually-costly battle for Fricourt, where the French were eventually forced out, the front line stabilised and both sides began to dig improvised defences. In mid-December the French conducted a local attack in the Mametz area but were repulsed with many casualties.

neg: Schlieffen Plan The Schlieffen Plan (German: "Schlieffen-Plan" , ] ) was the name given after World War I to the thinking behind the German invasion of France and Belgium on 4 August 1914. Field Marshal Alfred von Schlieffen, the Chief of the Imperial Army German General Staff from 1891 to 1906, devised a deployment plan for a war-winning offensive, in a one-front war against the French Third Republic from 1905–06. After the war, the German official historians of the "Reichsarchiv" and other writers, described the plan as a blueprint for victory. German historians claimed that the plan had been ruined by "Generaloberst" (Colonel-General) Helmuth von Moltke the Younger, the Commander-in-Chief of the German army after Schlieffen retired in 1906, who was dismissed after the First Battle of the Marne (5–12 September 1914).

neg: Battle of Montereau The Battle of Montereau (18 February 1814) was fought during the War of the Sixth Coalition between an Imperial French army led by Emperor Napoleon and a corps of Austrians and Württembergers commanded by Crown Prince Frederick William of Württemberg. While Napoleon's army mauled an Allied army under Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher, the main Allied army commanded by Karl Philipp, Prince of Schwarzenberg advanced to a position dangerously close to Paris. Gathering up his outnumbered forces, Napoleon rushed his soldiers south to deal with Schwarzenberg. Hearing of the approach of the French emperor, the Allied commander ordered a withdrawal, but 17 February saw his rear guards overrun or brushed aside.

neg: Operation Lüttich Operation Lüttich was a codename given to a German counter-attack during the Battle of Normandy, which took place around the American positions near Mortain from 7 August to 13 August 1944. ("Lüttich" is the German name for the city of Liège in Belgium, where the Germans had won a victory in the early days of August 1914 during World War I.) The offensive is also referred to in American and British histories of the Battle of Normandy as the Mortain counter-offensive.

neg: Riga Offensive (1944) The Riga Offensive (known in (Russian: Рижская наступательная операция , the Riga Offensive Operation — its formal Soviet title) was part of the larger Baltic Offensive on the Eastern Front during World War II. It took place late in 1944, and drove German forces from the city of Riga.

neg: Battle of the Ancre Heights The Battle of the Ancre Heights (1 October – 11 November 1916), is the name given to the continuation of British attacks after the Battle of Thiepval Ridge from 26–28 September during the Battle of the Somme. The battle was conducted by the Reserve Army (renamed Fifth Army on 29 October) from Courcelette near the Albert–Bapaume road, west to Thiepval on Bazentin Ridge. British possession of the heights would deprive the German 1st Army of observation towards Albert to the south-west and give the British observation north over the Ancre valley to the German positions around Beaumont Hamel, Serre and Beaucourt. The Reserve Army conducted large attacks on 1, 8, 21, 25 October and from 10–11 November.

neg: Battle of Borny–Colombey The Battle of Borny–Colombey (August 14, 1870) was a minor battle of the Franco–Prussian War. It saw the escape route of the French army under François Bazaine blocked when they encountered the First Army under von Steinmetz. The outcome of the battle itself was indecisive though saw the French make good their escape to Metz.

neg: Battle of Hannut The Battle of Hannut was a Second World War battle fought during the Battle of Belgium which took place between 12 and 14 May 1940 at Hannut in Belgium. It was the largest tank battle in the campaign. It was also the largest clash of tanks in armoured warfare history at the time.

neg: Battle of Zeeland The Battle of Zeeland occurred on the Western Front during the early stages of the German assault on France and the Low Countries during World War II. Several Dutch and French units attempted to hold off the German onslaught by making a determined defense of the Dutch province of Zeeland. The battle lasted eight days and was a disappointing defeat for the French and Dutch forces defending the province.

neg: Battle of Rotterdam The Battle of Rotterdam was a Second World War battle fought during the Battle of the Netherlands. Fought between 10–14 May 1940, it was a German attempt to seize the Dutch city. It ended in a German victory, following the Rotterdam Blitz.

neg: Battle of Belleau Wood The Battle of Belleau Wood (1–26 June 1918) occurred during the German Spring Offensive in World War I, near the Marne River in France. The battle was fought between the U.S. 2nd (under the command of Major General Omar Bundy) and 3rd Divisions along with French and British forces against an assortment of German units including elements from the 237th, 10th, 197th, 87th, and 28th Divisions. The battle has become a key component of the lore of the United States Marine Corps.

neg: Battle of Étreux The Battle of Étreux was a rearguard action fought at Étreux by the British Expeditionary Force during the Great Retreat on the Western Front in 1914.

neg: Battle of Cherbourg The Battle of Cherbourg was part of the Battle of Normandy during World War II. It was fought immediately after the successful Allied landings on June 6, 1944. Allied troops, mainly American, isolated and captured the fortified port, which was considered vital to the campaign in Western Europe, in a hard-fought, month-long campaign.


query: Where is the online company founded in 1999 by Nick Swinmurn based?

pos: Nick Swinmurn Nick Swinmurn founded Zappos.com in 1999. He left Zappos in 2006 before it reached $1 billion sales in 2008 and was sold to Amazon in 2009.

pos: Zappos Zappos.com is an online shoe and clothing shop based in Las Vegas, Nevada.

neg: UWink uWink, Inc. (stock symbol: UWKI) was a publicly traded digital entertainment company based in Los Angeles, California. The company was founded in 2000 by Nolan Bushnell, the co-founder and former CEO of both Atari and Chuck E. Cheese's. After little success developing interactive entertainment for restaurants, bars and mobile devices for several years in 2006 the company changed focus to their uWink Bistro concept, which it describes as an "entertainment dining experience which leverages its proprietary network and entertainment software, including the uWink Game Library".

neg: Planet Online Planet Online was a UK business-to-business Internet Service Provider. Based in Leeds, it was started by local businessman and multi-millionaire Peter Wilkinson and Paul Sykes in July 1995.

neg: B3ta B3ta (stylised as b3ta) is a popular British website, described as a "puerile digital arts community" by "The Guardian". It was founded in 2001 by Rob Manuel, Denise Wilton and Cal Henderson.

neg: Woot Woot (originally W00t) is an American Internet retailer based in the suburb of Carrollton, Texas in Dallas. Founded by electronics wholesaler Matt Rutledge, it debuted on July 12, 2004. Woot's main web site generally offers only one discounted product each day, often a piece of computer hardware or an electronic gadget. Other Woot sites offer daily deals for t-shirts, wine, children's items, household goods, and two other sites that offer various items. On June 30, 2010, Woot announced an agreement to be acquired by Amazon.com.

neg: Fuel Industries Fuel Industries is an Ottawa, Ontario-based online interactive and marketing agency. Founded in 1999 by Mike Burns, Jeff Doiron, Dave Ozipko and Brian Nesbitt, Fuel Industries employs over 150 people and has offices in Los Angeles and Seattle.

neg: Bet365 Bet365 Group Ltd (styled as "bet365") is a gambling company based in the United Kingdom. Bet365 is one of the world's leading online gambling groups with over 19 million customers in almost two hundred countries. The Group employs over 3,000 people and is the largest private employer in the city of Stoke-on-Trent.

neg: Saavn Saavn, LLC is an American digital distributor of English, Bollywood and regional Indian music in over 200 countries. Since it was founded in 2007, the company has acquired rights to over 30 million music tracks. Saavn's signature products are Saavn.com, Saavn Pro, Saavn Music for iPhone, Saavn Music for Android, Saavn music and radio for Windows Phone and PC and Saavn Radio. Saavn offers music search and streaming supported by a paid subscription.

neg: Egg Banking Egg is a former British internet bank headquartered in Derby, that is now a trading name of Yorkshire Building Society. Egg was born out of the UK banking arm of Prudential plc, Prudential Banking plc, which was established in 1996, and the Egg brand was launched in 1998. The first online credit card was launched in 1999.

neg: Ben Silbermann Ben Silbermann (born 1982) is an American Internet entrepreneur who is the co-founder and CEO of Pinterest, a virtual pinboard which lets users organize images, links, recipes and other things. The website allows users to create and manage theme-based image collections called "pinboards". Examples include events, interests, hobbies and more. Users can browse other pinboards for inspiration, 're-pin' images to their own collections and/or 'like' photos.

neg: Bonesupport BoneSupport AB is a Swedish biotech company active at the Ideon Science Park in the university town of Lund in Skåne, Sweden, founded in 1999 by Lars Lidgren, Professor of Orthopedic Surgery and Academic Head of Department at Lund University Hospital in Sweden which is a member of the ISOC group of global leading orthopaedic centers. The company has been funded with more than SEK 500 million in venture capital from inter alia HealthCap, Lundbeck foundation and Industrifonden, making it one of the largest ventures in the Swedish medical technologies industry.

neg: JobStreet.com JobStreet.com is a job portal founded in 1997. Founded in Malaysia, it is now Southeast Asia's largest online employment company, according to Forbes. It currently serves about 80000 corporate customers and 11 million jobseekers. Even as early as in July 2010, the Group services over 60,000 corporate customers and over 7 million jobseekers. As of 2016 the total revenue of jobstreet in the philippines is PHP 2.04 Billion

neg: ImaHima ImaHima in Japanese means "are you free now?" and is the name of a mobile location-based social-networking service created in 1999 by the Japanese company of the same name founded by Neeraj Jhanji. ImaHima pioneered the concept of sharing current status (location, activity, mood) among friends using mobile phones. Initially ImaHima started out as an "unofficial" service but was later accepted inside the walled garden of the Japanese mobile carriers (NTT DoCoMo, KDDI, Softbank). At its peak, ImaHima had over 500,000 users in Japan and was also made available in Switzerland and Australia. The service won a few awards including the coveted Prix Ars Electronica in 2001. The fundamental patents for mobile checkin, status updates and location-based advertising pioneered by ImaHima were acquired by Facebook in 2013.

neg: Gamasutra Gamasutra is a website founded in 1997 that focuses on all aspects of video game development. It is owned and operated by UBM TechWeb (formerly a part of CMP Media), a division of Unite Business Media, and acts as the online sister publication to the print magazine "Game Developer".

neg: World News Network World News (WN) Network is a news aggregator founded in March 1995 and launched online in 1998. In 2003, Search Engine Watch praised the service for its "Special Reports", and called it "an interesting alternative" to other news aggregation services. The company runs other targeted websites as well. It was featured in Forbes's "Best of the Web" in 2000, being commended for its scope, while being criticised for having many links, but "little guidance as to which are good". In 2002, The Guardian's "World news guide" referenced the website. It was featured in Information Today in June 2011.

neg: Oodle, Inc. Oodle, Inc. is an online marketplace based out of San Mateo, California. It was founded in 2004 by ex-Excite executives Craig Donato, Scott Kister and Faith Sedlin.

neg: Nevercenter Nevercenter Ltd. Co. is a private company founded in 2003 and based near Salt Lake City, Utah. The company is a small team devoted to the development of software for Windows, Mac, and mobile platforms. Prominent titles include:

neg: Skunk.nu Skunk was a Swedish social networking community website founded in 1998. It was one of the pioneers in the field, and the largest community website in Sweden in 2000, mostly popular with teenagers. It has since been overtaken by competitors such as Lunarstorm and Playahead. Today Skunk is part of Spray Network. In June 2010 Spray Network announced that they had decided to shut down the site on the 30th of the same month.

neg: IEntertainment Network iEntertainment Network (formerly known as Interactive Magic) is an American online gaming company, founded by JW "Wild Bill" Stealey, the co-founder and former CEO of MicroProse Software with Sid Meier, a game developer. IENT currently operates "WarBirds", "M4TankBrigade", "BowHunter2015", "Outdoors Unlimited", and the "IamGame.com".

neg: Hub Culture Hub Culture is an invitation-led social network service that operates the global digital currency Ven, and is "the first to merge online and physical world environments." It was founded in November 2002. The Hub Culture group of companies is privately held with offices in Bermuda, Hong Kong, London and New York, with a network of 40 knowledge brokers in over 25 locations worldwide . It includes an ecosystem of websites and application technologies based on Hub Culture, HubID and Ven.

neg: TechVibes Techvibes is an online Canadian technology hub for industry news, long read features, events and jobs. It primarily covers businesses ranging from startups to established firms. Techvibes was founded in 2002 by President and Editor-in-Chief Rob Lewis and is based in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. In June 2016, Techvibes was acquired by technology consulting firm, Konrad Group.