query: What type of church did this American author found who claimed the ideas of Dianetics originated in the 1920s and 1930s?

pos: History of Dianetics The history of Dianetics possibly begins in the 1920s. Its originator L. Ron Hubbard claimed that his ideas of Dianetics originated in the 1920s and 1930s. By his own account, he spent a great deal of time in the Oak Knoll Naval Hospital's library, where he would have encountered the work of Freud and other psychoanalysts. In April 1950, Hubbard and several others established the Hubbard Dianetic Research Foundation in Elizabeth, New Jersey to coordinate work related for the forthcoming publication. Hubbard first introduced Dianetics to the public in the article "" published in the May 1950 issue of the magazine "Astounding Science Fiction". Hubbard wrote "" at that time, allegedly completing the 180,000-word book in six weeks.

pos: L. Ron Hubbard Lafayette Ronald Hubbard (March 13, 1911 – January 24, 1986), better known as L. Ron Hubbard ( ) and often referred to by his initials, LRH, was an American author and the founder of the Church of Scientology. After establishing a career as a writer, becoming best known for his science fiction and fantasy stories, he developed a system called Dianetics which was first expounded in book form in May 1950. He subsequently developed his ideas into a wide-ranging set of doctrines and practices as part of a new religious movement that he called Scientology. His writings became the guiding texts for the Church of Scientology and a number of affiliated organizations that address such diverse topics as business administration, literacy and drug rehabilitation. The Church's dissemination of these materials led to Hubbard being listed by the "Guinness Book of World Records" as the most translated and published author in the world. The Guinness World Record for the most audio books published for one author is also held by Hubbard. In 2014, Hubbard was cited by "Smithsonian" magazine as one of the 100 most significant Americans of all time, as one of the eleven religious figures on that list.

neg: Sara Northrup Hollister Sara Elizabeth Bruce Northrup Hollister (April 8, 1924December 19, 1997) played a major role in the creation of Dianetics, which evolved into the religious movement Scientology. She was the second wife of science-fiction author L. Ron Hubbard, who would become the leader of the Church of Scientology.

neg: Jay Samonie Rev. Jay Samonie, Ph. D. (April 27, 1930 – July 15, 2010) was a Detroit area priest, author, artist and pianist who wrote about his mystical spiritual experiences, including communication with his spirit guide Jesus, and out of body experiences.

neg: The Over-Soul "The Over-Soul" is an acclaimed essay by Ralph Waldo Emerson, first published in 1841. With the human soul as its overriding subject, several general themes are treated: (1) the existence and nature of the human soul; (2) the relationship between the soul and the personal ego; (3) the relationship of one human soul to another; and (4) the relationship of the human soul to God. Influence of Eastern religions, including Vedantism, is plainly evident, but the essay also develops ideas long present in the Western tradition, e.g., in the works of Plato, Plutarch, and Neoplatonists like Plotinus and Proclus – all of whose writings Emerson read extensively throughout his career – and Emanuel Swedenborg.

neg: Nona L. Brooks Nona Lovell Brooks (March 22, 1861 – March 14, 1945), described as a "prophet of modern mystical Christianity", was a leader in the New Thought movement and a founder of the Church of Divine Science.

neg: Church of Christ, Scientist The Church of Christ, Scientist was founded in 1879 in Boston, Massachusetts, by Mary Baker Eddy, author of "Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures," and founder of Christian Science. The church was founded "to commemorate the word and works of [Christ Jesus]" and "reinstate primitive Christianity and its lost element of healing". Sunday services are held throughout the year and weekly testimony meetings are held on Wednesday evenings, where following brief readings from the Bible and the Christian Science textbook, those in attendance are invited to give testimonies of healing brought about through Christian Science prayer.

neg: Jerald and Sandra Tanner Jerald Dee Tanner (June 1, 1938 — October 1, 2006) was an American writer and researcher who, with his wife Sandra McGee Tanner (born January 14, 1941), was noted for publishing archival and evidential materials about the history of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). They are both ex-Mormons. The Tanners founded the Utah Lighthouse Ministry, whose stated mission is "to document problems with the claims of Mormonism and compare LDS doctrines with Christianity". Sandra Tanner continues to operate it.

neg: David Miscavige David Miscavige ( ; born April 30, 1960) is the leader of the Church of Scientology. His official title is Chairman of the Board of the Religious Technology Center (RTC), a corporation that controls the trademarks and copyrights of Dianetics and Scientology.

neg: American Freedom and Catholic Power American Freedom and Catholic Power is an anti-Catholic book by American writer Paul Blanshard, published in 1949 by Beacon Press. Blanshard asserted that America had a "Catholic problem" in that the Church was an "undemocratic system of alien control". The book has been described as bigoted and "vicious", propaganda and as "the most unusual bestseller of 1949-1950". It was based on a series of articles that he had published in the magazine "The Nation" .

neg: Church of Scientology The Church of Scientology is a multinational network and hierarchy of numerous ostensibly independent but interconnected corporate entities and other organizations devoted to the practice, administration and dissemination of Scientology, a new religious movement. The Church of Scientology International (CSI) is officially the Church of Scientology's parent organization, and is responsible for guiding local Scientology churches. At a local level, every church is a separate corporate entity set up as a licensed franchise and has its own board of directors and executives. The first Scientology church was incorporated in December 1953 in Camden, New Jersey by L. Ron Hubbard. Its international headquarters are located at the Gold Base, in an unincorporated area of Riverside County, California. The location at Gilman Hotsprings is private property and not accessible by the public. Scientology Missions International is under CSI and oversees Scientology missions, which are local Scientology organizations smaller than churches. The Church of Spiritual Technology (CST) is the organization which owns all the copyrights of the estate of L. Ron Hubbard.

neg: Mormonism in the 19th century This is a chronology of Mormonism. In the late 1820s, founder Joseph Smith, founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, announced that an angel had given him a set of golden plates engraved with a chronicle of ancient American peoples, which he had a unique gift to translate. In 1830, he published the resulting narratives as the Book of Mormon and founded the Church of Christ in western New York, claiming it to be a restoration of early Christianity.

neg: Elmer Talmage Clark Elmer Talmadge Clark (September 9, 1886 in Arkansas – August 29, 1966) was an American writer, editor and denominational executive for the Methodist Church and supporting groups related to the Methodist Church. Most of his writings are interpretative of the religion and promotional booklets.

neg: Catholic literary revival The Catholic literary revival is a term that has been applied to a movement towards explicitly Catholic allegiance and themes among leading literary figures in France and England, roughly in the century from 1860 to 1960. This often involved conversion to Catholicism or a conversion-like return to the Catholic Church. Due to the influence of Catholic literature from England in the United States, the concept of "Catholic revival" is sometimes extended to include American authors such as Dorothy Day, Thomas Merton, Walker Percy, J. F. Powers and Flannery O'Connor.

neg: Light in My Darkness Light in My Darkness is a book, originally published in 1927 as My Religion, written by Helen Keller when she was 47 years old. The book was written as a tribute to Emanuel Swedenborg whom Helen regarded as "one of the noblest champions true Christianity has ever known". This book is regarded as Helen's Keller's spiritual autobiography in which she openly declares that "the teachings of Emanuel Swedenborg have been my light, and a staff in my hand and by his vision splendid I am attended on my way".

neg: Charles Taze Russell Charles Taze Russell (February 16, 1852 – October 31, 1916), or Pastor Russell, was an American early 20th century Christian restorationist minister from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and founder of what is now known as the Bible Student movement. After his death, Jehovah's Witnesses and numerous independent Bible Student groups developed from this base.

neg: Christian Science practitioner A Christian Science practitioner is an individual who prays for others according to the teachings of Christian Science. Treatment is non-medical, rather it is based on the Bible and the Christian Science textbook, "Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures" (1875) by Mary Baker Eddy (1821–1910), who "discovered" Christian Science in 1866 and founded the Christian Science church in 1879. According to the church, Christian Science practitioners address physical conditions, as well as relationship or financial difficulties and any other problem or crisis. Practitioners are either "listed" or "unlisted," a designation that refers to a form of international accreditation maintained by The Mother Church, in Boston, Massachusetts.

neg: Billy James Hargis Billy James Hargis (August 3, 1925 – November 27, 2004) was an American Christian evangelist. At the height of his popularity in the 1950s and 1960s, his "Christian Crusade" ministry was broadcast on more than 500 radio stations and 250 television stations. He promoted an anti-Communist, segregationist message as well as evangelizing, and founded a radio station, monthly newspaper, and a college in Tulsa, Oklahoma, to support his ministries. In 1974, several students at his American Christian College accused Hargis of sexual misconduct; however, the Tulsa district attorney found no evidence or wrongdoing. Hargis went into partial retirement, and the college closed in 1977. He continued to publish his newspaper and write books.

neg: Science & Religion: A Symposium Science & Religion: A Symposium (1931) is a book first published in 1931, consisting of a lightly edited transcription of twelve talks broadcast on the BBC between September and December 1930. In contrast to the 1920s conflicts between science and religion in the U.S. (e.g., the Scopes trial), 1920's Great Britain experienced a concerted effort at reconciliation. These efforts bore some fruit in the early 1930s such as in BBC radio broadcasts (e.g., this text), but ultimately these efforts broke down due in part to rejection from both 1930's conservative Christians and arch secularists (e.g., H.G. Wells).

neg: Robert Blair Kaiser Robert Blair Kaiser (January 11, 1931 – April 2, 2015) was an American author and journalist, best known for his writing on the Catholic Church.

neg: Harry Emerson Fosdick Harry Emerson Fosdick (May 24, 1878 – October 5, 1969) was an American pastor. Fosdick became a central figure in the "Fundamentalist–Modernist Controversy" within American Protestantism in the 1920s and 1930s and was one of the most prominent liberal ministers of the early 20th century. Although a Baptist, he was called to serve as pastor, in New York City, at First Presbyterian Church in Manhattan's West Village, and then at the historic, inter-denominational Riverside Church in Morningside Heights, Manhattan.

neg: Church renewal Church renewal is a term widely used by church leaders to express hope for revitalization of the Church (as well as Christianity in general) in light of the decline of Christianity in many western countries. The idea of a post-Christian era has made church renewal a popular topic of study among many commentators. Various philosophical, theological, sociological, and practical reasons have been given for the decline of Christianity and the waning influence of the church, and various ideas have been proposed to halt the decline. This has led to the rise of a number of church renewal movements, such as the emerging church movement, the missional church movement, the confessing movement, the simple church movement, New Calvinism, and New Monasticism, among others.


query: West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany) competed at the Olympic Games for the last time as an independent nation at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, in which country, following German reunification in 1990, a single German team would compete in the 1992 Summer Olympics?

pos: West Germany at the 1988 Summer Olympics West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany) competed at the Olympic Games for the last time as an independent nation at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea. Following German reunification in 1990, a single German team would compete in the 1992 Summer Olympics. 347 competitors, 244 men and 103 women, took part in 194 events in 24 sports.

pos: German reunification The German reunification (German: "Deutsche Wiedervereinigung" ) was the process in 1990 in which the German Democratic Republic (GDR/DDR/East Germany) joined the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG/West Germany) to form the reunited nation of Germany, and when Berlin reunited into a single city, as provided by its then Grundgesetz constitution Article 23. The end of the unification process is officially referred to as German unity (German: "Deutsche Einheit" ), celebrated on 3 October (German Unity Day) (German: "Tag der deutschen Einheit" ). Following German reunification, Berlin was once again designated as the capital of united Germany.

neg: North Korea at the Olympics North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) first participated at the Olympic Games in 1964, appearing only in the Winter Olympic Games that year. Eight years later in 1972, the nation first participated at the Summer Olympic Games. Since then, the nation has appeared in every Summer Games, except when North Korea joined the Soviet-led boycott of the 1984 Summer Olympics, and when they boycotted the 1988 Games in Seoul, South Korea. North Korea's attendance at the Winter Games has been infrequent; only seven of the last twelve Games have included a North Korean team. In 2010 a team competed at the Winter Olympics in Vancouver.

neg: Israel at the 1988 Summer Olympics Israeli athletes competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, Korea.

neg: Estonia at the 1936 Summer Olympics Estonia competed at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, Germany. It was the last time that Estonia competed at the Summer Games as an independent nation until the 1992 Summer Olympics. After the nation was occupied by the Soviet Union in 1940, a number of Estonian athletes competed as part of the USSR delegations at the Summer Olympic games from 1952 to 1988.

neg: Greece at the 1972 Summer Olympics Greece competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany. 60 competitors, 58 men and 2 women, took part in 46 events in 9 sports. Greek athletes have competed in every Summer Olympic Games.

neg: Latvia at the 1992 Summer Olympics Latvia competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. It was the first time since 1936 that the nation had competed as an independent nation at the Summer Olympic Games. Latvian athletes competed for the Soviet Union (USSR) from 1952 to 1988. 34 competitors, 25 men and 9 women, took part in 31 events in 13 sports.

neg: Serbia at the 2008 Summer Olympics Serbia competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, People's Republic of China. The country returned under the name "Serbia" after 96 years, previously competing under the names "Yugoslavia" (1920–1988), "Independent Olympic Participants" (1992), "Yugoslavia" (1996–2002) and "Serbia and Montenegro" (2004–2006).

neg: Luxembourg at the 1988 Summer Olympics Luxembourg competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, Korea.

neg: China at the 1988 Summer Paralympics China competed at the 1988 Summer Paralympics, held in Seoul, South Korea. The country was represented by 43 athletes competing in four sports: athletics, swimming, table tennis and shooting. Chinese competitors won 44 medals, of which 17 gold, and finished in fourteenth place on the medal table.

neg: Michael Metz Michael Metz (born June 16, 1964) is a former field hockey player from Germany, who won the silver medal at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea for West Germany. Four years later, when Barcelona, Spain hosted the Summer Olympics, he was a member of the Men's National Team that captured the gold medal.

neg: Czech Republic at the 2004 Summer Olympics Czech Republic competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece, from 13 to 29 August 2004. This was the nation's third appearance at the Summer Olympics after gaining its independence from the former "Czechoslovakia". The Czech Olympic Committee sent the nation's largest team to the Games since the post-Czechoslovak era. A total of 142 athletes, 80 men and 62 women, competed in 19 sports; the nation's team size was roughly denser from Sydney by one sixth of the athletes. Women's basketball was the only team-based sport in which the Czech Republic had its representation at these Olympic Games. There was only a single competitor in equestrian, artistic and trampoline gymnastics, judo, and weightlifting.

neg: Germany at the 1998 Winter Olympics Germany competed at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan.

neg: Estonia at the 1992 Summer Olympics Estonia competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. It was the first Olympiad after the breakup of the Soviet Union. Estonia was one of three ex-Soviet republics to compete individually, with Latvia and Lithuania being the other two, instead of competing on the Unified Team. 37 competitors, 33 men and 4 women, took part in 35 events in 13 sports.

neg: Katrin Krabbe Katrin Krabbe (born 22 November 1969, in Neubrandenburg, East Germany) is a female athlete who competed for the German Democratic Republic (before 1990) and Germany thereafter. She represented the GDR at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea.

neg: East Germany at the 1976 Summer Olympics Athletes from East Germany (German Democratic Republic) competed at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 267 competitors, 154 men and 113 women, took part in 139 events in 17 sports.

neg: Hungary at the 1988 Summer Olympics Hungary competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, Korea. The nation returned after the boycott of the Soviet-bloc of the 1984 Summer Olympics. 188 competitors, 152 men and 36 women, took part in 135 events in 20 sports.

neg: Manuela Stellmach Manuela Stellmach (born 22 February 1970 in Berlin) is a former freestyle swimmer from East Germany, who was a member of the women's relay team that won the gold medal in the 4×100 m freestyle relay at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea. At the same tournament she captured the bronze medal in the individual 200 m freestyle. Four years later, when Barcelona, Spain hosted the Summer Olympics, Stellmach ended up third (bronze) with the women's relay team from the Unified Germany.

neg: 1992 Summer Olympics The 1992 Summer Olympic Games (Spanish: "Juegos Olímpicos de Verano de 1992"; Catalan: "Jocs Olímpics d'estiu de 1992"), officially known as the Games of the XXV Olympiad, was an international multi-sport event played in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain in 1992. Beginning in 1994, the International Olympic Committee decided to hold the games in alternating even-numbered years; as a result, the 1992 Summer Olympics were the last competition to be staged in the same year as the Winter Olympics. The games were the first to be unaffected by boycotts since 1972.

neg: South Korea at the 1988 Summer Olympics South Korea was the host nation and competed as "Korea" at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul. 401 competitors, 269 men and 132 women, took part in 218 events in 27 sports.

neg: North Korea at the 2016 Summer Olympics North Korea (officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea) competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 5 to 21 August 2016. This was the nation's tenth appearance at the Summer Olympics.

neg: Khmer Republic at the 1972 Summer Olympics Cambodia competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany. The nation returned to the Olympic Games as the Khmer Republic (1970–1975) after missing the 1968 Summer Olympics. Owing to the troubled situation of the country Cambodia would not compete again until the 1996 Summer Olympics.


query: Which cousin of Joan of Lancaster's father was deposed with her father's help?

pos: Joan of Lancaster Joan of Lancaster ( 1312 – 7 July 1349) sometimes called Joan Plantagenet after her dynasty's name, was the third daughter of Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster and Maud Chaworth.

pos: Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster Henry, 3rd Earl of Leicester and Lancaster (c. 1281 – 22 September 1345) was a grandson of King Henry III (1216–1272) of England and was one of the principals behind the deposition of King Edward II (1307–1327), his first cousin.

neg: Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March Roger Mortimer, 3rd Baron Mortimer, 1st Earl of March (25 April 1287 – 29 November 1330), was an English nobleman and powerful Marcher lord who gained many estates in the Welsh Marches and Ireland following his advantageous marriage to the wealthy heiress Joan de Geneville, 2nd Baroness Geneville. In November 1316, he was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. He was imprisoned in the Tower of London in 1322 for having led the Marcher lords in a revolt against King Edward II in what became known as the Despenser War. He later escaped to France, where he was joined by Edward's queen consort Isabella, whom he took as his mistress. After he and Isabella led a successful invasion and rebellion, Edward was subsequently deposed; Mortimer allegedly arranged his murder at Berkeley Castle. For three years, Mortimer was "de facto" ruler of England before being himself overthrown by Edward's eldest son, Edward III. Accused of assuming royal power and other crimes, Mortimer was executed by hanging at Tyburn.

neg: Joan, Countess of Flanders Joan, often called Joan of Constantinople (1200? – 5 December 1244), ruled as Countess of Flanders and Hainaut from 1205 until her death. She was the elder daughter of Baldwin IX, Count of Flanders and Hainaut, and Marie of Champagne.

neg: Beltrán de la Cueva, 1st Duke of Alburquerque Beltrán de la Cueva y Alfonso de Mercado, 1st Duke of Alburquerque (c. 1443 – 1 November 1492) was a Spanish nobleman who is said to have fathered Joan, the daughter of Henry IV of Castile's wife Joan of Portugal. His alleged daughter, called "la Beltraneja", was deprived of the crown of Castile because of the uncertainty regarding her parentage.

neg: Joan of Lusignan Joan of Lusignan (1260 – 13 April 1323) was a French noblewoman. She succeeded her uncle, Guy de la Marche, Knt., sometime in the period, 1310/13, as Lady of Couche and Peyrat, but not as Countess of La Marche since after her sister, Yolande's death, it was annexed by Philip IV of France and given as an appanage to Philip's son Charles the Fair. Previously, in 1308, following the death of her brother Guy (or Guiard), Jeanne and her sister Isabelle, as co-heiresses, had sold the county of Angoulême to the King.

neg: Isabel le Despenser, Countess of Worcester Isabel le Despenser, Countess of Worcester and Warwick, LG (26 July 1400 – 1439) was the posthumous daughter and eventually the sole heiress of Thomas le Despenser, 1st Earl of Gloucester (died 1399) by his wife, Constance of York. She was born six months after her father had been beheaded for plotting against King Henry IV (1399–1413).

neg: William II of England William II (Old Norman: "Williame"; c. 1056  – 2 August 1100), the third son of William I of England, was King of England from 1087 until 1100, with powers over Normandy, and influence in Scotland. He was less successful in extending control into Wales. William is commonly known as William Rufus or William the Red, perhaps because of his red-faced appearance.

neg: Neville–Neville feud The Neville–Neville feud was an inheritance dispute which took place in the North of England during the early fifteenth century between two branches of the Neville family. After the death of Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland in 1425, the feud continued through the 1430s, until 1443. It was caused by the transfer of lands and titles to the earl of Westmorland's second wife, Joan Beaufort, and her children. Many of the Neville family holdings were transferred through legal means to Joan's eldest son Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury, in effect disinheriting Westmorland's issue from his first wife. The title earl of Westmorland passed to the issue of Ralph's first marriage for legal reasons, but many holdings, particularly those of the Neville patrimony in Yorkshire and Raby Castle in Durham were transferred to Joan and her children. The Nevilles had many estates, but their main residence seems to have been Raby Castle. The House of Beaufort was able to consolidate their control over the County Palatine of Durham when Joan's youngest son, Robert Neville, assumed office as Bishop of Durham in 1437.

neg: Arthur, Prince of Wales Arthur Tudor (20 September 1486 – 2 April 1502) was Prince of Wales, Earl of Chester and Duke of Cornwall. As the eldest son and heir apparent of Henry VII of England, Arthur was viewed by contemporaries as the great hope of the newly established House of Tudor. His mother, Elizabeth of York, was the daughter of Edward IV, and his birth cemented the union between the House of Tudor and the House of York.

neg: Joan of Acre Joan of Acre (April 1272 – 23 April 1307) was an English princess, a daughter of King Edward I of England and Queen Eleanor of Castile. The name "Acre" derives from her birthplace in the Holy Land while her parents were on a crusade.

neg: Brienne claim to the Kingdom of Jerusalem Hugh, Count of Brienne claimed the regency of Jerusalem (and, indirectly, a place in the succession) in 1264 as senior heir of Hugh I of Cyprus and Alice of Jerusalem, being the son of their eldest daughter, but was passed over by the Haute Cour in favor of his cousin Hugh III of Cyprus. This claim fell to his son Walter V of Brienne and his descendants. They are the heirs-general of Queen Isabella of Jerusalem, and thus of the line founded by King Baldwin II of Jerusalem.

neg: Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March Edmund de Mortimer, 5th Earl of March and 7th Earl of Ulster (6 November 1391 – 18 January 1425) was an English nobleman. A great-great-grandson of King Edward III of England, he was heir presumptive to King Richard II of England, his first cousin twice removed, when Richard II was deposed in favour of Henry IV. Edmund Mortimer's claim to the throne was the basis of rebellions and plots against Henry IV and his son Henry V, and was later taken up by the House of York in the Wars of the Roses, though Mortimer himself was an important and loyal vassal of Henry V and Henry VI. Edmund Mortimer was the last Earl of March of the Mortimer family.

neg: Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge (c. 20 July 1375 – 5 August 1415) was the second son of Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York, and Isabella of Castile. At the age of forty, he was beheaded for his part in the Southampton Plot, a conspiracy against King Henry V. He was the father of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York, and the grandfather of King Edward IV and King Richard III.

neg: Hawys Gadarn Hawys Gadarn, also known as the Hardy, the Powerful, the Intrepid and Hawise de la Pole (1291 –  1353 ) was the daughter of Owen de la Pole and heir to Powys Wenwynwyn in Wales. She was married to John Charleton after seeking the intervention of Edward II of England to support her inheritance against the schemes of four of her uncles to take her lands.

neg: Henry Grey, 4th (7th) Baron Grey of Codnor Henry Grey, 4th Baron Grey of Codnor (1435 – April 1496) was an English nobleman. Having initially supported the House of Lancaster during the Wars of the Roses, he later gave his allegiance to the victorious King Edward IV. Despite a record of controversy and feuding with other members of the nobility, he enjoyed the confidence of the King, who appointed him Lord Deputy of Ireland, an office in which he was not a success. He retained the favour of two later monarchs, Richard III and Henry VII, both of whom made him grants of land.

neg: Blanche of Lancaster, Baroness Wake of Liddell Blanche of Lancaster, Baroness Wake of Liddell (c. 1305-c. 1380) was an English noblewoman. She was the eldest daughter of Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster and Maud Chaworth. Blanche was named after her grandmother, Blanche of Artois, who had ruled Navarre as regent.

neg: Marie I de Coucy, Countess of Soissons Marie I de Coucy, Dame de Coucy and d'Oisy, Countess of Soissons (April 1366 – after 3 March 1405) was the wife of Henry of Bar, and the granddaughter of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault. She succeeded to the title of suo jure Countess of Soissons, on 18 February 1397, upon the death of her father, Enguerrand VII de Coucy. In addition to her titles, she also owned numerous estates in North-Eastern France. Mary, Queen of Scots, King Henry IV of France, and the Bourbon kings of France were her direct descendants.

neg: Eleanor Holland, Countess of Salisbury Eleanor Holland, Countess of Salisbury (1386- after 1413), was an English noblewoman, the daughter of Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent, a half-brother of King Richard II of England. She was the first wife of Thomas Montacute, 4th Earl of Salisbury. One of her brothers was Edmund Holland, 4th Earl of Kent, to whom she was co-heiress. She is not to be confused with her eldest sister Alianore Holland, Countess of March who bore the same name.

neg: Margaret of York Margaret of York (3 May 1446 – 23 November 1503) – also by marriage known as Margaret of Burgundy – was Duchess Consort of Burgundy as the third wife of Charles the Bold and acted as a protector of the Duchy after his death. She was a daughter of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York, and Cecily Neville, and the sister of two Kings of England, Edward IV and Richard III. She was born at Fotheringhay Castle, Northamptonshire, England, and she died at Mechelen in the Low Countries.

neg: Katherine Mortimer, Countess of Warwick Katherine Mortimer, Countess of Warwick (1314 – 4 August 1369) was the wife of Thomas de Beauchamp, 11th Earl of Warwick KG, an English peer, and military commander during the Hundred Years War. She was a daughter and co-heiress of Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March and Joan de Geneville, Baroness Geneville.

neg: Philippa of Hainault Philippa of Hainault (Middle French: "Philippe de Hainaut"; 24 June 1314 – 15 August 1369) was Queen of England as the wife of King Edward III. Edward promised in 1326 to marry her within the following two years. She was married to Edward, first by proxy, when Edward dispatched the Bishop of Coventry "to marry her in his name" in Valenciennes (second city in importance of the county of Hainaut) in October 1327. The marriage was celebrated formally in York Minster on 24 January 1328, some months after Edward's accession to the throne of England. In August 1328, he also fixed his wife's dower.


query: When was the Isle of Man transferred from ITV Granada to ITV Border, previously Border Television?

pos: ITV Granada ITV Granada (formerly Granada Television; informally Granada) is the Channel 3 regional service for North West England. The licence for the region has been held by ITV Broadcasting Limited since November 2008. It is the largest independent television-franchise producing company in the UK, accounting for 25% of the total broadcasting output of the ITV network. It had been held by Granada Television, which was founded by Sidney Bernstein and based at Granada Studios on Quay Street in Manchester since its inception. This was the only surviving company of the original four Independent Television Authority franchisees from 1954; Granada Media Group (parent company of Granada Television) merged with Carlton Communications to form ITV plc in 2004. It covers Cheshire, Greater Manchester, Lancashire, Merseyside, northwestern Derbyshire, part of Cumbria and North Yorkshire. On 15 July 2009, the Isle of Man was transferred to ITV Granada from ITV Border (even though the Isle of Man is a British Crown Dependency and is not part of the United Kingdom).

pos: ITV Border ITV Border, previously Border Television, is the Channel 3 service provided by ITV Broadcasting Limited for the England/Scotland border region, covering most of Cumbria, Dumfries and Galloway, the Scottish Borders and parts of Northumberland. The TV service previously covered the Isle of Man from 26 March 1965 until 15 July 2009.

neg: Setanta Sports News Setanta Sports News was a television channel from Virgin Media Television and Setanta Sports. The channel launched on 29 November 2007. as a rolling 24-hour sports news channel using the strength of the Setanta Sports brand across the United Kingdom and Ireland. It was available to all Virgin Media customers and also free-to-view on satellite and online. The channel was seen as Virgin Media's rival to Sky Sports News, which was removed from their platform on 1 March 2007 as their contract with British Sky Broadcasting had ended. However, when Virgin Media reinstated Sky Sports News onto their television platform, their Setanta rival remained an active channel.

neg: ITV Evening News The ITV Evening News is the evening news bulletin on the British television network ITV. It is produced by ITN.

neg: Lookaround Lookaround (branded on-screen as ITV News Lookaround) is a regional television news and current affairs programme, produced by ITV Tyne Tees & Border from its studios in Gateshead, and serving central and northern Cumbria, Dumfries and Galloway, parts of South Ayrshire, the Scottish Borders and overlap areas of Northumberland.

neg: Television in Northern Ireland Television in Northern Ireland is available using, digital terrestrial (known as Freeview), digital satellite (from Sky & Freesat) and cable (from Virgin Media).

neg: ITV News ITV News is the branding of news programmes on the British television network ITV. ITV has a long tradition of television news. Independent Television News (ITN) was founded to provide news bulletins for the network in 1955, and has since continued to produce all news programmes on ITV. The channel's news coverage has won awards from the Royal Television Society, Emmy Awards and BAFTAs. Between 2004 and 2008, the "" held the title of "RTS News Programme of the Year". The flagship "ITV News at Ten" has won numerous BAFTA awards, and also being named "RTS News Programme of the Year" in 2011 and 2015.

neg: Channel 854 Channel 854, previously known as Channel 425, though actually William Hill TV but could not be referred to this name due to broadcasting rules, was a satellite television sports and gambling channel in both Ireland and the United Kingdom broadcasting as a free-to-air service on Sky Digital. Owned by William Hill and YooMedia, the channel launched on 6 October 2004 and replaced the previous occupant iSports TV, which shared several programming features.

neg: Strangers (TV series) Strangers is a UK police drama that appeared on ITV between 5 June 1978 and 20 October 1982.

neg: ITV Sunday Night Drama ITV Sunday Night Drama is a UK television anothology series produced by ABC Weekend Television, Associated Television (ATV), Associated-Rediffusion Television, and Granada Television. 74 episodes aired on the ITV (TV network) from 1959 to 1980.

neg: South Bank Sky Arts Award The South Bank Sky Arts Award (originally The South Bank Show Award) is an accolade recognizing British achievements in the arts. The awards have been given annually since 1996. They originated with the long-running British arts programme "The South Bank Show". The last South Bank Show Awards ceremony to be broadcast by ITV was in January 2010. After the network had announced that "The South Bank Show" would be cancelled at the end of the 2009 season, the award ceremony continued to be broadcast by Sky Arts and was eventually renamed the South Bank Sky Arts Award. Sky Arts revived "The South Bank Show" itself in 2012.

neg: STV (TV channel) STV is a television channel serving the majority of Scotland. It operates the two Channel 3 Network licenses in northern and central Scotland, formerly known as Grampian Television (now legally STV North) and Scottish Television (now legally STV Central). The brand was adopted on Tuesday 30 May 2006 replacing both franchises' identities. STV celebrated its 60th birthday in 2017, with special programmes broadcast on STV and STV 2.

neg: Grampian Television Grampian Television (now legally known as STV North Ltd and referred to on-air as STV) is the ITV franchisee for the North and North East of Scotland. Its coverage area includes the Northern Isles, the Western Isles, the Highlands (except Fort William and Lochaber, which have always received Scottish Television), Grampian, Tayside (except the Kinross area), and parts of north Fife. The station has been in operation since 30 September 1961.

neg: Granada Breeze Granada Breeze was a lifestyle channel operated by Granada Sky Broadcasting, a joint venture between Granada Television and British Sky Broadcasting. The channel was launched as Granada Good Life on 1 October 1996.

neg: The Grimleys The Grimleys is a nostalgic comedy-drama television series set on a council estate in Dudley, West Midlands, England in the mid-1970s. It was first broadcast by Granada TV for ITV in 1999, following a pilot in 1997, and concluded in 2001 after three series.

neg: Television South Television South (TVS) was the ITV franchise holder in the south east of England and parts of the south west of England between 1 January 1982 at 9.30 am and 31 December 1992 at 11.59 pm. The company operated under various names, initially as "Television South plc" and then following reorganisation in 1989 as "TVS Entertainment plc", with UK broadcasting activities undertaken by subsidiary "TVS Television Ltd".

neg: Itv.com itv.com is the main Web site of ITV plc, the UK's largest commercial television broadcaster which operates 13 out of 15 regions on the ITV network under the ITV brand (or the UTV brand in Northern Ireland). The website offers online streaming, the ITV archive, news, sport, entertainment, soaps, lifestyle, drama and an interactive TV guide. Each of ITV plc's channels, ITV, ITV2, ITV3, ITV4, and CITV has a page with information on its programming. There are also pages for the ITV regions owned by ITV plc. STV, the only region not owned by ITV plc, have their own separate website at stv.tv.

neg: The Island with Bear Grylls The Island with Bear Grylls is a British reality television series which premiered on Channel 4 on 5 May 2014. Four series have aired since 2014. Narrated by Bear Grylls, it features participants placed on remote uninhabited Pacific islands as a test of their survival skills. They are left completely alone, filming themselves, and with only the clothes they were wearing and some basic tools and training. Pitched as an assessment of the capabilities of British men in the 21st Century, the first series featured thirteen male participants. Following accusations of sexism, the second series used two islands, with 14 men on one, and 14 women on the other. The third series continued the gender divide theme and featured eight men and eight women abandoned on opposite sides of a single island.

neg: Oh No, It's Selwyn Froggitt! Oh No, It's Selwyn Froggitt! is an ITV situation comedy which ran on the ITV network from 1974 to 1978.

neg: Tonight (TV programme) Tonight (often referred to as "The Tonight Programme") is a British current affairs programme, produced by ITV Studios (formerly Granada Television) and ITN for the ITV network, replacing the long-running investigative series "World in Action" in 1999. Previously airing twice-weekly, on Monday and Friday evenings at 8.00pm (ITV Wales, STV and UTV would often air the show at different times or different days, to make way for regional programming), the show runs the gamut from human interest-led current affairs to investigative journalism. "Tonight" has conducted interviews with a plethora of political and public figures, including George W. Bush, Tony Blair and Hillary Clinton. From 1999–2007, the programme was known as "Tonight with Trevor McDonald".

neg: The Golden Hour (TV series) The Golden Hour was an ITV drama series, first shown in 2005.

neg: Crown dependencies The Crown dependencies are the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea, and the Bailiwicks of Jersey and Guernsey in the English Channel. They are independently administered jurisdictions, and do not form part of either the United Kingdom or the British Overseas Territories. They are self-governing possessions of the Crown (defined uniquely in each jurisdiction). Internationally, the dependencies are considered "territories for which the United Kingdom is responsible", rather than sovereign states. As a result, they are not member states of the Commonwealth of Nations. However, they do have relationships with the Commonwealth, the European Union, and other international organisations, and are members of the British–Irish Council. They have their own teams in the Commonwealth Games. They are not part of the European Union (EU), although they are within the EU's customs area.


query: Which band has more members, Saint Motel or Curve?

pos: Saint Motel Saint Motel is an American indie pop band from Los Angeles, whose music has been described as everything from "dream pop" to "indie prog". The band consists of A/J Jackson (lead vocals, guitar, piano), Aaron Sharp (lead guitar), Dak Lerdamornpong (bass), and Greg Erwin (drums).

pos: Curve (band) Curve were an English alternative rock and electronica duo from London, formed in 1990 and split in 2005. The band consisted of Toni Halliday (vocals, occasionally guitar) and Dean Garcia (bass, guitar, drums, programming). Halliday wrote also the lyrics of their songs and they both contributed to songwriting. An important collaborator was the producer Alan Moulder, who helped them to shape their blend of heavy beats and densely layered guitar tracks set against Halliday's vocals.

neg: SKAndalous All-Stars The SKAndalous All-Stars are a ska band, composed of members of The Slackers, the Skatalites, Mephiskapheles, the Stubborn All-Stars, Agent 99, Ruder Than You, Sic & Mad, The Excalibur, Cocktaillica, The Hurtin' Buckaroos, Living Colour, Perfect Thyroid, the Cycle Sluts from Hell, and The Klezmatics, and is led by Slackers frontman Vic Ruggiero. Considered one of the first ska supergroups, the Skandalous All Stars built their reputation on ska and reggae stylized versions of popular rock and pop tunes. Their first two albums—"Hit Me", released in 1997, and "Punk Steady", released the following year—included dance-inspiring interpretations of songs by the Sex Pistols, The Clash, Blondie, Patti Smith, the Ramones, Kiss, Nirvana, Radiohead, Stevie Wonder, and White Zombie. With their third album, "The Age of Insects", released in 1999, the group began focusing on the original songs of keyboardist and vocalist Ruggiero.

neg: Dean Garcia Dean Garcia (born 3 May 1958 in London) is an English multi-instrumentalist musician, best known as a member of the alternative rock duo Curve from 1990 to 2005. He also released solo work and collaborated with many other artists.

neg: Twinemen Twinemen is an alternative rock band based in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA created by former members of the bands Morphine and Face to Face. The group includes Dana Colley (saxophone / vocals), Billy Conway (percussion / vocals / sometimes acoustic guitar), and Laurie Sargent (lead singer / lead guitar). Various bass players, including former Face to Face guitarist Stuart Kimball, also perform with the band on the road and in the studio. Twinemen's music includes a mix of jazz, blues, acid rock, and lounge.

neg: Faît Accompli (Curve song) "Faît Accompli" is the first single from the album "Doppelgänger" by alternative rock band Curve. It was released on 24 February 1992; it reached #22 in the UK singles chart, becoming their highest charting single in the UK. It was one of the first singles in the UK to reach the Top 40 without a release on 7" vinyl. "Faît Accompli" (extended extended extended) was included in the compilation "Pubic Fruit", issued in 1992.

neg: The Strumbellas The Strumbellas are a Canadian rock band, whose music has been described as alternative country, indie rock, and "gothic folk".

neg: Greg Cartwright Greg Cartwright, also known by his stage name Greg Oblivian (born March 18, 1972), is an American singer, songwriter, and guitarist from Memphis, Tennessee. He currently fronts Reigning Sound and lives in Asheville, North Carolina. He is a founding member of the Memphis '90s garage bands The Compulsive Gamblers, The Oblivians and Greg Oblivian & the Tip Tops.

neg: Stolas (band) Stolas (Sail the ocean, live at sea) is an American post-hardcore band from Las Vegas, Nevada formed in 2011. The band currently consists of Carlo Marquez (lead vocals, drums), and Sergio Medina (guitar). The band was signed as the first band on Blue Swan Records in 2013, a record label launched by Will Swan of Dance Gavin Dance. They have released one EP, "Losing Wings" (2012) and three studio albums, "Living Creatures" (2013), "Allomaternal" (2014), and "Stolas" (2017). The group signed to Equal Vision Records in 2016.

neg: Cool Kids of Death The Cool Kids of Death are a Polish alternative rock band formed in Łódź in 2001. Their name comes from a Saint Etienne song.

neg: Stimulator (band) Stimulator is an alternative rock band based in Los Angeles, California. The band was founded in 2002 by singer/songwriter Susan Hyatt (formerly of Pillbox) and guitarist Geoff Tyson (formerly of T-Ride and Snake River Conspiracy). The band’s songs have been featured in the Walt Disney film "Ella Enchanted", MTV's "The Real World" and episodes of the E! Network's "50 Hottest Hollywood Hookups". Stimulator has toured the United States supporting Duran Duran, The Go-Go's, and were featured performers on the Van's Warped Tour.

neg: The Church (band) The Church are an Australian psychedelic rock band formed in Sydney in 1980. Initially associated with new wave, neo-psychedelia and indie rock, their music later came to feature slower tempos and surreal soundscapes reminiscent of dream pop and post-rock. Glenn A. Baker has written that "From the release of the 'She Never Said' single in November 1980, this unique Sydney-originated entity has purveyed a distinctive, ethereal, psychedelic-tinged sound which has alternatively found favour and disfavor in Australia." The "Los Angeles Times" has described the band's music as "dense, shimmering, exquisite guitar pop".

neg: Arcade Fire Arcade Fire are a Canadian indie rock band based in Montreal, Quebec, consisting of husband and wife Win Butler and Régine Chassagne, along with Win's younger brother William Butler, Richard Reed Parry, Tim Kingsbury and Jeremy Gara. The band's current touring line-up also includes former core member Sarah Neufeld, percussionist, Tiwill Duprate, and saxophonist, Stuart Bogie.

neg: Pink Girl with the Blues "Pink Girl With the Blues" is a single by alternative rock band Curve released on 2 September 1996. It was the first release after few years of hiatus and it reached #97 on UK singles chart. The second track, "Recovery", will be later included on their third studio album, "Come Clean". All songs were mixed by Alan Moulder.

neg: My Sister's Machine My Sister's Machine was an American heavy metal band from Seattle, Washington, formed in 1989. Its members were Nick Pollock (lead vocals, guitar), Owen Wright (guitar), Chris Ivanovich (bass guitar), and Chris Gohde (drums).

neg: Hug My Soul "Hug My Soul" is a single by British band Saint Etienne. It was the third single from the album "Tiger Bay", and was released  1994 (1994-) by Heavenly Records. It was written by vocalist Sarah Cracknell along with songwriting partners Guy Batson and Johnny Male (Male and Batson would help co-write a number of tracks on Cracknell's solo debut "Lipslide").

neg: Stza Scott Sturgeon, also known as Stza Crack ( ; born March 4, 1976), is a musician who has fronted several ska-punk bands in the New York City area, the best known being Choking Victim and Leftöver Crack. The stage name Stza is a tribute to the Wu-Tang Clan, in which the members would take their stage names from the Supreme Alphabet of the Five Percent Nation, such as GZA (God ZigZagZig Allah) and RZA (Ruler ZigZagZig Allah) - Stza's name would therefore be "Self Truth ZigZagZig Allah".

neg: Fursy Teyssier Fursy Teyssier (born 22 September 1985) is a French songwriter, singer, multi-instrumentalist musician, album cover artist and animated film director. He is most known for being the creator, leader, guitarist, bass guitarist and lead vocalist of shoegazing band Les Discrets. He is currently live bass guitarist for Empyrium. He is also the former guitarist and bass guitarist of Amesoeurs, and the former live bassist of Alcest (he also composed and performed "Abysses" in "Écailles de Lune"). Since 27 December 2015 he is a live member of German gothic metal band The Vision Bleak; he previously directed the music video for their song "The Wood Hag".

neg: Stormzone Stormzone are a heavy metal band from Northern Ireland formed in 2004. The band's current line-up consists of vocalist John "Harv" Harbinson, bassist Graham McNulty, former Sweet Savage drummer Davy "Basher" Bates, plus guitarist Steve Moore.

neg: Saint (rapper) Mohammed Sillah (born 8 February 1997), known by his stage name Saint, is a Gambian recording artist, songwriter and producer currently residing in Sweden. In 2015, he rose to fame in Sweden with the release of his debut single Chillin.

neg: Circle (band) Circle is a Finnish experimental rock band formed in Pori in 1991. Their eclectic style is "ever changing, ever Circular", classified into genres such as progressive, Krautrock, ambient, heavy metal, speed-kraut, and avant-rock, among others. On some albums they have defined themselves as New Wave of Finnish Heavy Metal (NWOFHM).

neg: Circle of Dust Circle of Dust is an industrial rock project formed by Klayton, initially known as Scott Albert, who is now more widely known for his Celldweller project. During its early years, Circle of Dust, along with contemporaries Mortal and Deitiphobia, brought industrial metal to the Christian alternative metal scene. Circle of Dust spawned numerous offspring projects such as Klank, fronted by former Circle of Dust live-show guitarist Daren "Klank" Diolosa; Klayton's pseudonymous bands Argyle Park and Brainchild; and Chatterbox, which featured future members of Stavesacre. After buying back the rights to all of Circle of Dust's releases, Klayton re-launched the project in 2015.


query: Who won at Wimbledon, Vania King or Andrea Jaeger?

pos: Vania King Vania King (; born February 3, 1989) is an American tennis player. King won both the 2010 Wimbledon and 2010 US Open women's doubles titles with Kazakhstani partner Yaroslava Shvedova.

pos: Andrea Jaeger Andrea Jaeger ( ; born June 4, 1965) is a former World No. 2 professional tennis player from the United States whose brief but highly successful tennis career ended prematurely due to major shoulder injuries. Jaeger reached the singles final of Wimbledon in 1983 and the French Open in 1982. She reached the singles semifinals of the Australian Open in 1982 and of the U.S. Open in 1980 and 1982. She also won 10 singles titles. In mixed doubles, Jaeger won the French Open with Jimmy Arias in 1981. During her career, Jaeger won U.S. $1.4 million in prize money and millions more in endorsements. After retirement in 1987, she has prominently dedicated her life to public service, charities, and philanthropy. In 2006, she became "Sister Andrea" as a member of the Anglican Order of Preachers. She is a member of the Episcopal Church and based in Santa Rosa Beach, Florida, U.S.

neg: Petra Kvitová Petra Kvitová (] ; born 8 March 1990) is a Czech professional tennis player. Known for her powerful left-handed groundstrokes and variety, Kvitová turned professional in 2006 and has won 20 career singles titles, including two Grand Slam titles at Wimbledon. She is also an Olympic medalist, capturing the bronze medal at the 2016 Rio Olympics. She reached her career-high ranking of world no. 2 on 31 October 2011 and as of 18 September 2017, is ranked world no. 14 by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA). As such, Kvitová is the current second highest-ranked Czech and the second highest-ranked left-handed player in the WTA behind Karolína Plíšková and Germany's Angelique Kerber, respectively.

neg: 2007 Sony Ericsson Open – Women's Singles The women's singles competition at the 2007 Sony Ericsson Open was won by 13th-seeded and former world number one Serena Williams, who beat the second seed Justine Henin 0–6, 7–5, 6–3, to win the title.

neg: Meredith McGrath Meredith McGrath (born April 28, 1971) is a former professional tennis player. She was born in Midland, Michigan, USA and made her debut on the Women's Tennis Association tour in 1988. In her eight-year professional career Meredith achieved career-high world rankings of #18 in singles and #4 in doubles. She notched victories over such players as Martina Navratilova, Martina Hingis, Anna Kournikova, Jana Novotna, Arantxa Sanchez Vicario, and Gigi Fernandez. The pinnacle of her career came in reaching the singles semi-finals and doubles finals at the 1996 Wimbledon Championships. In the singles she defeated Mana Endo, Amanda Coetzer, Nancy Feber, Katarína Studeníková and Mary Joe Fernandez before losing to Arantxa Sánchez Vicario. An injury the week prior to the 1996 Wimbledon Championships eventually ended her career. Meredith won the 1995 U.S. Open Mixed Doubles Championship (she was runner-up in 1989) and was the runner-up in the 1994 Australian Open Doubles Championship. Meredith won three WTA singles titles: Oklahoma City and Eastbourne in 1994 and Birmingham in 1996, 25 doubles titles. She retired with a 140–83 record in singles and a 189–40 record in doubles. Meredith was recognized by Tennis Magazine as the WTA Comeback Player of the Year as she overcame near career-ending injuries to having her most successful competitive season in 1996. In 1994 she received the WTA Tour Comeback Player of the Year.

neg: 2011 Monterrey Open – Doubles Iveta Benešová and Barbora Záhlavová-Strýcová successfully defended their last year's title, defeating Anna-Lena Grönefeld and Vania King 6–7(8), 6–2, [10–6] in the final.

neg: 2014 Wimbledon Championships – Girls' Singles Belinda Bencic was the defending champion, but competed in the women's draws this year.

neg: Andrea Hlaváčková Andrea Hlaváčková (] ; born 10 August 1986) is a professional tennis player from the Czech Republic. Her highest singles ranking is world No. 58, which she reached in September 2012, and her highest doubles ranking is No. 3, reached on 22 October 2012. In her career, Hlaváčková has won 22 WTA doubles titles, as well as 19 ITF doubles and eight ITF singles titles. She has won two Grand Slam doubles titles, the 2011 French Open and the 2013 US Open, both times partnered with Lucie Hradecká. The pair are also the 2012 Olympic silver medallists. Hlaváčková was part of the winning Czech team in Fed Cup 2012 and also won the mixed doubles title at the 2013 US Open paired with Max Mirnyi.

neg: 2010 Monterrey Open – Doubles Nathalie Dechy and Mara Santangelo won the tournament in 2009, but Dechy retired from tennis later in the year and Santangelo chose to not participate this year.Iveta Benešová and Barbora Záhlavová-Strýcová won in the final 3–6, 6–4, [10–8] against Anna-Lena Grönefeld and Vania King.

neg: 1999 Australian Open – Women's Singles The 1999 Australian Open – Women's Singles was the women's singles event of the eighty-seventh edition of the Australian Open, the first Grand Slam of the year and the most prestigious tournament in the Asia-Pacific and the Southern Hemisphere. Martina Hingis was the two-time defending champion, and she successfully defended her title by defeating unseeded Amélie Mauresmo, 6–2, 6–3, in the final. With this win, she joined Margaret Court, Evonne Goolagong, Steffi Graf and Monica Seles as the only women to have won three consecutive Australian Open titles. Hingis also became the only woman to have won three consecutive Australian Open titles in singles and doubles simultaneously.

neg: 2006 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Amélie Mauresmo won her first Wimbledon title, defeating Justine Henin-Hardenne in the final, 2–6, 6–3, 6–4. It was her second and last Grand Slam title, having won the Australian Open earlier in the year. Mauresmo also became the first French woman to win Wimbledon since Suzanne Lenglen in 1925. With her loss, Henin-Hardenne missed the chance of completing a career Grand Slam.

neg: 2008 Toray Pan Pacific Open – Doubles Lisa Raymond and Samantha Stosur were the defending champions, but Vania King and Nadia Petrova defeated them 6–1, 6–4, in the final.

neg: JoAnne Russell JoAnne Russell (born October 30, 1954) is an American former professional tennis player. With playing partner Helen Gourlay Cawley, she won the Wimbledon Ladies' Doubles title in 1977. They beat the team of Chris Evert and Rosie Casals in the first round and the top-ranked team of Martina Navratilova and Betty Stöve in the final (6–3, 6–3). Russell reached a career-high singles ranking of No. 22.

neg: Andrea Leand Andrea Leand (born January 18, 1964) is a former professional tennis player from the U.S..

neg: 2014 Dubai Tennis Championships – Women's Doubles Bethanie Mattek-Sands and Sania Mirza were the defending champions, but Mattek-Sands chose not to participate. Mirza played alongside Cara Black, but lost to Andrea Hlaváčková and Lucie Šafářová in the first round.<br>

neg: Olivia Rogowska Olivia Rogowska (born 7 June 1991) is an Australian professional tennis player. Both of her parents are Polish. The right-hander was born in and lives in Melbourne, Australia. Her highest WTA singles ranking is 102, which she reached on 11 August 2014. Her career high in doubles is 89, which she reached on 28 July 2014. She has defeated Jelena Dokić, Alicia Molik, Maria Kirilenko and Sofia Arvidsson, and taken sets from former #1 Dinara Safina, Alona Bondarenko, Kateryna Bondarenko, Sorana Cîrstea, Jarmila Gajdošová, Anastasia Rodionova, Sania Mirza and Casey Dellacqua.

neg: Katherine Westbury Katherine "Kat" Westbury (Thai: แคทเธอรีน เวสบุรี ; born 14 March 1993 in Hamilton) is a Thai-New Zealand tennis player.

neg: 1972 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Billie Jean King defeated Evonne Goolagong 6–3, 6–3 in the final to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1972 Wimbledon Championships.

neg: Sloane Stephens Sloane Stephens (born March 20, 1993) is an American tennis player. She has won five WTA singles titles, including her first major at the 2017 US Open. With the victory, she became the lowest ranked player (83rd) to ever win the women's singles title and the first American woman outside the Williams sisters to win a Slam since Jennifer Capriati in 2002.

neg: 2016 BNP Paribas Open – Women's Doubles Martina Hingis and Sania Mirza were the defending champions, but lost in the second round to Vania King and Alla Kudryavtseva.<br>

neg: 2009 Andalucia Tennis Experience – Singles Jelena Janković won in the final 6–3, 3–6, 6–3 over Carla Suárez Navarro.

neg: 1972 French Open – Women's Singles Billie Jean King defeated defending champion Evonne Goolagong 6–3, 6–3 in the final to win the women's singles title at the 1972 French Open.


query: The son of the U.S. Representative from Texas between 1985 to 2003, was defeated by a man who was formerly what type of doctor?

pos: Michael C. Burgess Michael Clifton Burgess (born December 23, 1950) is a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives representing  's 26 congressional district . In 2002, he defeated Scott Armey, the son of House Majority Leader and then-U.S. Representative Dick Armey, in a primary runoff election. Prior to his election, he practiced as a doctor of obstetrics and gynecology.

pos: Dick Armey Richard Keith Armey ( ; born July 7, 1940) is an American politician. He was a U.S. Representative from Texas'  (1985–2003) and House Majority Leader (1995–2003). He was one of the engineers of the "Republican Revolution" of the 1990s, in which Republicans were elected to majorities of both houses of Congress for the first time in four decades. Armey was one of the chief authors of the Contract with America. Armey is also an author and former economics professor. After his retirement from Congress, he has worked as a consultant, advisor, and lobbyist.

neg: Kae T. Patrick Kae Thomas Patrick (born 1934) is an attorney from San Antonio, Texas, who is a Republican former member of the Texas House of Representatives, having represented first District 57-H from 1981 to 1983, and then District 123 in Bexar County from 1983 to 1988.

neg: Randy Brogdon Randall C. "Randy" Brogdon (born June 17, 1953) is an American businessman and politician. He was a state senator for Oklahoma's 34th senate district from 2002 until 2011. Brogdon ran for governor of Oklahoma in 2010 on a platform of tax cuts and reducing the role of government. He was defeated by Mary Fallin. On December 25, 2013, Brogdon announced that he would challenge incumbent Governor Fallin in the 2014 gubernatorial election. However, he withdrew to run for the U.S. Senate in a special election triggered by the retirement of Tom Coburn. He lost the nomination to representative James Lankford. In April 2015, he was elected as chairman of the Oklahoma Republican Party.

neg: Rand Paul Randal Howard Paul (born January 7, 1963) is an American politician and physician who, since 2011, has been serving as the junior United States Senator representing Kentucky alongside Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell. He is the son of former U.S. Representative Ron Paul of Texas.

neg: Nick Lampson Nicholas Valentino 'Nick' Lampson (born February 14, 1945) is an American politician from the state of Texas and was a Congressman representing the 22nd Congressional District and the 9th Congressional District of Texas.

neg: Neal Dunn Neal Patrick Dunn (born February 16, 1953) is an American surgeon and politician from the state of Florida. A Republican, Dunn is the U.S. Representative for Florida 's 2 congressional district .

neg: Tracy King Tracy Ogden King (born November 9, 1960) is a businessman from Batesville, Texas, who has been since 1995 a Democratic member of the Texas House of Representatives from District 80. Beginning in January 2013, the revised District 80 includes these counties south of San Antonio: Dimmit, Frio, Uvalde, Zapata, Zavala plus the rural portions of Webb County outside Laredo.

neg: Phil Roe (politician) David Phillip Roe (born July 21, 1945) is an American politician and doctor who is the U.S. Representative for 2=nd

neg: Greg Laughlin Gregory H. "Greg" Laughlin (born January 21, 1942) is a politician from the state of Texas. He is a former member of the United States House of Representatives.

neg: David Jolly David Wilson Jolly (born October 31, 1972) is an American attorney, former lobbyist, and former U.S. Representative for Florida's 13th congressional district. A Republican, he previously served as general counsel to his predecessor, U.S. Rep. Bill Young. He won the race for Young's seat in a 2014 special election against Democrat Alex Sink. He was subsequently re-elected in November 2014, winning 75 percent of the vote, but was unseated in 2016 by former Governor Charlie Crist. Jolly has become a prominent Republican critic of U.S. President Donald Trump.

neg: John T. Smithee John True Smithee (born September 7, 1951) is an Amarillo attorney who has been the Republican member of the Texas House of Representatives from District 86 in the Texas Panhandle since January 1985.

neg: Florence Shapiro Florence Donald Shapiro (born May 2, 1948) is an American politician from Texas, a Republican former member of the Texas Senate. From 1993 to 1995, she represented the 2nd District and from 1995 to 2013, the 8th District, which includes several cities, towns, and other outlying areas of the Dallas–Fort Worth Metroplex.

neg: Connie Mack IV Cornelius Harvey McGillicuddy (born August 12, 1967), popularly known as Connie Mack IV, is the former U.S. Representative for  's 14 congressional district , serving from 2005 to 2013. A member of the Republican Party, he was the Republican nominee for Senate in 2012, but lost to Democratic incumbent Bill Nelson. He subsequently began a career in lobbying and currently represents Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán, among others. Mack, born in Fort Myers, Florida, is the son of former Republican U.S. Senator Connie Mack III.

neg: Stephen Fincher Stephen Lee Fincher (born February 7, 1973) is an American politician who was the U.S. Representative for Tennessee 's 8 congressional district from 2011 to 2017. He is a member of the Republican Party. The seat was vacated by retiring Democratic incumbent John S. Tanner in 2010, and Fincher defeated Democratic Tennessee state senator Roy Herron in the 2010 mid-term Congressional election. Fincher was reelected to a second term in 2012 and on February 1, 2016 he announced that he would not be running for a fourth term.

neg: Cliff Stearns Clifford Bundy "Cliff" Stearns, Sr. (born April 16, 1941) was the U.S. Representative for  's 6 congressional district from 1989 to 2013. He is a member of the Republican Party.

neg: Ricardo Sanchez Ricardo Sánchez (born September 9, 1953) is a former United States Army lieutenant general who stood as a candidate for the Democratic Party nomination for the U.S. Senate election in 2012 for the seat of retiring Senator Kay Bailey Hutchison.

neg: Joe Nixon Joseph M. Nixon, known as Joe Nixon (born September 15, 1956), is a lawyer in Houston, Texas, who is a Republican former member of the Texas House of Representatives. Elected in 1994, with the rise of George W. Bush to the Texas governorship, Nixon from 1995 to 2007 represented House District 133 in Harris County.

neg: Dick Taylor (Iowa politician) Richard D. "Dick" Taylor (born April 5, 1931) is a former Iowa State Representative from the 53rd and 33rd Districts. He served in the Iowa House of Representatives from 2000 to 2009. He resigned in October 2009 because of family health concerns.

neg: Ralph Sheffield Ralph Edgar Sheffield (born January 11, 1955) is a restaurateur in Temple, Texas, who is a Republican three-term former member of the Texas House of Representatives. His District 55 seat, to which he was first elected in 2008, is located within Bell County in Central Texas.

neg: United States Senate election in Texas, 1970 The 1970 United States Senate election in Texas was held on November 3, 1970. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Ralph Yarborough was defeated by former Representative Lloyd Bentsen in the Democratic primary. Bentsen then defeated Representative George H.W. Bush in the general election. When Bush was running for President in 1988, his Democratic opponent, Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis, selected Bentsen as his vice presidential running mate.

neg: Buck McKeon Howard Philip "Buck" McKeon (born September 9, 1938) is a former U.S. Representative, serving from 1993–2015. He is a member of the Republican Party. He was a former chairman of the House Armed Services Committee.


query: Snug is a minor character from who's play "A Midsummer Night's Dream", he is a joiner who comes from Athens who is hired by Peter Quince, and is one of the six mechanicals of Athens who perform the play which Quince himself authored, "The Most Lamentable Comedy and Most Cruel Death of Pyramus and Thisbe" for the Duke Theseus and his wife Hippolyta at their wedding?

pos: Snug (A Midsummer Night's Dream) Snug is a minor character from William Shakespeare's play "A Midsummer Night's Dream". He is a joiner who comes from Athens who is hired by Peter Quince to play the part of the lion in Pyramus and Thisbe. When he is first assigned the part, he is afraid it may take him a while to finally remember his lines (even though the lion's role was nothing but roaring originally). Bottom offers to play the part of the lion (as he offers to play all other parts), but he is rejected by Quince, who worries (as do the other characters) that his loud and ferocious roar in the play will frighten the ladies of power in the audience and get Quince and all his actors hanged. In the end, the lion's part is revised to explain that he is in fact not a lion and means the audience no harm. This is a subtle reminder by Shakespeare that the mechanicals are not learned men.

pos: Peter Quince Peter Quince is a character immortalized in William Shakespeare's "A Midsummer Night's Dream". He is one of the six mechanicals of Athens who perform the play which Quince himself authored, "The Most Lamentable Comedy and Most Cruel Death of Pyramus and Thisbe" for the Duke Theseus and his wife Hippolyta at their wedding.

neg: The Golden Rump The Golden Rump is a farcical play of unknown authorship said to have been written in 1737. It acted as the chief trigger for the Theatrical Licensing Act of 1737. The play has never been performed on stage or published in print. No manuscript of the play survives, casting some doubt over whether it ever existed in full at all. The authorship of the play has often been ascribed to Henry Fielding, at that time a popular and prolific playwright who often turned his incisive satire against the monarch George II and particularly the "prime minister" Sir Robert Walpole. Modern literary historians, however, increasingly embrace the opinion that "The Golden Rump" may have been secretly commissioned by Walpole himself in a successful bid to get his Bill for theatrical licensing passed before the legislature.

neg: Maria (Twelfth Night) Maria is a fictional character in the play "Twelfth Night" by William Shakespeare. She is a servant in Olivia's household. Maria is shown to have a friendly relationship with Sir Toby Belch, and exhibits a witty attitude. Maria also forged a love letter to Malvolio which resulted in Malvolio's condemnation to the madhouse.

neg: Pallas (son of Pandion) In Greek mythology, Pallas (Ancient Greek: Πάλλας ) was one of the four sons of Pandion II and Pylia. Upon the death of Pandion, Pallas and his brothers (Aegeas, Nisos, and Lykos) took control of Athens from Metion, who had seized the throne from Pandion. They divided the government in four but Aegeas became king. Pallas received Paralia or Diacria as his domain, or else he shared the power over several demes with Aegeus. Later, after the death of Aegeas, Pallas tried to take the throne from the rightful heir, his nephew, Theseus, but failed and was killed by him, and so were his fifty children, the Pallantides.

neg: Anacreontic Society The Anacreontic Society was a popular gentlemen's club of amateur musicians in London founded in the mid-18th century. These barristers, doctors, and other professional men named their club after the Greek court poet Anacreon, who lived in the 6th century B.C. and whose poems, "anacreontics", were used to entertain patrons in Teos and Athens. Dubbed "the convivial bard of Greece", Anacreon's songs often celebrated women, wine, and entertaining.

neg: Habinnas Habinnas is one of the guests at Trimalchio's Feast ("Cena Trimalchionis") in the "Satyricon" of Petronius Arbiter. He is described as a stonemason, who has designed the luxurious tomb that Trimalchio shows off to his guests, and like Trimalchio he is a sevir. It has been suggested that the name is Semitic. His entry into the feast has been seen as a parody of that of Alcibiades in the Symposium of Plato.

neg: The Wasps The Wasps (Greek: Σφῆκες "Sphēkes") is the fourth in chronological order of the eleven surviving plays by Aristophanes, the master of an ancient genre of drama called 'Old Comedy'. It was produced at the Lenaia festival in 422 BC, a time when Athens was enjoying a brief respite from the Peloponnesian War following a one-year truce with Sparta.

neg: Twelfth Night Twelfth Night, or What You Will is a comedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written around 1601–02 as a Twelfth Night's entertainment for the close of the Christmas season. The play centres on the twins Viola and Sebastian, who are separated in a shipwreck. Viola (who is disguised as Cesario) falls in love with Duke Orsino, who in turn is in love with the Countess Olivia. Upon meeting Viola, Countess Olivia falls in love with her thinking she is a man. The play expanded on the musical interludes and riotous disorder expected of the occasion, with plot elements drawn from the short story "Of Apollonius and Silla" by Barnabe Rich, based on a story by Matteo Bandello. The first recorded performance was on 2 February 1602, at Candlemas, the formal end of Christmastide in the year's calendar. The play was not published until its inclusion in the 1623 First Folio.

neg: Amphitryon (Plautus play) Amphitryon or Amphitruo is a Latin play for the early Roman theatre by playwright Titus Maccius Plautus. It is Plautus’ only play on a mythological subject; he refers to it as a "tragicomoedia" (tragic comedy) in the prologue. The play is mostly extant, but includes several large missing sections in its latter portion. The plot of the play involves Amphitryon’s jealous and confused reaction to Alcmena’s seduction by Jupiter, and ends with the birth of Hercules.

neg: Antigone (Euripides play) Antigone ( ; Ἀντιγόνη ) is a play by the Attic dramatist Euripides, which is now lost except for a number of fragments. According to Aristophanes of Byzantium, the plot was similar to that of Sophocles' play "Antigone", with three differences. The date of the play is uncertain, but there is evidence that it was written late in Euripides' career, between 420 BCE and 406 BCE.

neg: Pronax In Greek mythology, Pronax (Ancient Greek: Πρώναξ ) is the son of Talaus and Lysimache, and brother of Adrastus. The Nemean Games are supposed to have been instituted in his honour.

neg: The Maiden Queen Secret Love, or The Maiden Queen is a 1667 tragicomedy written by John Dryden. The play, commonly known by its more distinctive subtitle, was acted by the King's Company at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane (which had escaped the Great Fire of London the year before). The premiere occurred on 2 March, and was a popular success. King Charles II, his brother the Duke of York and future King James II, and Samuel Pepys were all in the audience on opening night.

neg: Attic War In Greek mythology, the Attic War is the conflict between the Amazons and the Athenians, led by Theseus or Heracles. The Amazons fought to free Antiope or her sister Hippolyta from captivity. Per some Greek myths, Heracles abducted Hippolyta during his ninth labor and later gave her to Theseus. Per other myths, Hippolyta was killed during the ninth labor and Theseus, who had joined Hercules during his expedition, abducted Hippolyta's sister Antiope. In all the myths, the Amazons then went to war against the Athenians and were defeated.

neg: Ship of fools The ship of fools is an allegory, originating from Book VI of Plato's Republic, about a ship with a dysfunctional crew:

neg: Panaetius Panaetius ( ; Greek: Παναίτιος ; c. 185 - c. 110/109 BC ) of Rhodes was a Stoic philosopher. He was a pupil of Diogenes of Babylon and Antipater of Tarsus in Athens, before moving to Rome where he did much to introduce Stoic doctrines to the city. After the death of Scipio in 129 BC, he returned to the Stoic school in Athens, and was its last undisputed scholarch. With Panaetius, Stoicism became much more eclectic. His most famous work was his "On Duties", the principal source used by Cicero in his own work of the same name.

neg: A Midsummer Night's Dream A Midsummer Night's Dream is a comedy written by William Shakespeare in 1595/96. It portrays the events surrounding the marriage of Theseus, the Duke of Athens, to Hippolyta, the former queen of the Amazons. These include the adventures of four young Athenian lovers and a group of six amateur actors (the mechanicals) who are controlled and manipulated by the fairies who inhabit the forest in which most of the play is set. The play is one of Shakespeare's most popular works for the stage and is widely performed across the world.

neg: Pembroke Players Pembroke Players (formerly Pembroke College Players) is an amateur theatrical society in Cambridge, England, founded in 1955 and run by the students of Pembroke College, Cambridge. It is the most active College drama society in the University, staging or producing over 25 drama productions and comedy smokers every year. It is also the only College drama society to run its own international tours. During its lifetime it has been the starting point for many prominent actors and comedians, such as Clive James, Peter Cook and Eric Idle, and more recently Tom Hiddleston, Jonny Sweet and Joe Thomas. The Society celebrated its 60th birthday in 2015.

neg: Cymbeline Cymbeline , also known as Cymbeline, King of Britain, is a play by William Shakespeare set in Ancient Britain and based on legends that formed part of the Matter of Britain concerning the early Celtic British King Cunobeline. Although listed as a tragedy in the First Folio, modern critics often classify "Cymbeline" as a romance or even a comedy. Like "Othello" and "The Winter's Tale", it deals with the themes of innocence and jealousy. While the precise date of composition remains unknown, the play was certainly produced as early as 1611.

neg: Gnaeus Naevius Gnaeus Naevius ( ; c. 270 – c. 201 BC) was a Roman epic poet and dramatist of the Old Latin period. He had a notable literary career at Rome until his satiric comments delivered in comedy angered the Metelli family, one of whom was consul. After a sojourn in prison he recanted and was set free by the tribunes (who had the tribunician power, in essence the power of habeas corpus). After a second offense he was exiled to Tunisia, where he wrote his own epitaph and committed suicide. His comedies were in the genre of Palliata Comoedia, an adaptation of Greek New Comedy. A soldier in the Punic Wars, he was highly patriotic, inventing a new genre called "Praetextae Fabulae", an extension of tragedy to Roman national figures or incidents, named after the "Toga praetexta" worn by high officials. Of his writings there survive only fragments of several poems preserved in the citations of late ancient grammarians (Charisius, Aelius Donatus, Sextus Pompeius Festus, Aulus Gellius, Isidorus Hispalensis, Macrobius, Nonius Marcellus, Priscian, Marcus Terentius Varro).

neg: Sextus Empiricus Sextus Empiricus (Greek: Σέξτος Ἐμπειρικός ; c. 160 – c. 210 AD, n.b., dates uncertain), was a physician and philosopher, and has been variously reported to have lived in Alexandria, Rome, or Athens. His philosophical work is the most complete surviving account of ancient Greek and Roman Pyrrhonism.

neg: Odysseus Acanthoplex Odysseus Acanthoplex (Ancient Greek: Ὀδυσσεὺς ἀκανθοπλήξ , "Odysseus Akanthoplēx", "Odysseus wounded by a spine"; also known as "Odysseus Wounded", "Odysseus Spine-struck" and "Odysseus Wounded by the Spine") is a lost play by the Athenian dramatist Sophocles. Several fragments are extant. The plot told of Odysseus' death, accidentally killed by his son Telegonus. Some scholars believe that another Sophocles' title, Niptra (Νιπτρα, "The Footwashing", "The Washing"), is the same play as "Odysseus Acanthoplex". Dana Sutton, however, disputes this, suggesting that "Niptra" was a separate play dealing with Odysseus' return to Ithaca but not with his death.


query: Where did Alex Gonazlez play his home games when he played for the Milwaukee Brewers?

pos: Álex González (infielder, born 1977) Alexander "Álex" Luis González (born February 15, 1977) is a former professional baseball shortstop. González played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Florida Marlins (1998–2005), Boston Red Sox (2006, 2009), Cincinnati Reds (2007–2009), Toronto Blue Jays (2010), Atlanta Braves (2010–2011), Milwaukee Brewers (2012–2013) and Detroit Tigers (2014). He was given the nickname "Sea-bass" while playing in Florida. He bats and throws right-handed.

pos: Milwaukee Brewers The Milwaukee Brewers are an American professional baseball team and are based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The team is named for the city's association with the brewing industry. Since 2001, the Brewers have played their home games at Miller Park, which has a seating capacity of 41,900.

neg: Joplin Blasters The Joplin Blasters were an American professional baseball team based in Joplin, Missouri. The Blasters were members of the South Division of the American Association of Independent Professional Baseball. The team's home games were played at a reconstructed Joe Becker Stadium. The team was managed by former Chicago Cubs player and minor league managing veteran Carlos Lezcano. A home game on May 21, 2015, against the Wichita Wingnuts inaugurated the franchise and its 100-game regular season. During the 2016 fall league meetings, it was confirmed by league commissioner Miles Wolff that the Blasters would not be returning for 2017.

neg: Milwaukee Bombers The Milwaukee Bombers is a United States Australian Football League team, based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States. It was founded in 1998. They play in the Mid American Australian Football League.

neg: Josh Butler Joshua James Butler (born December 11, 1984 in Auburn, California) is a former Major League Baseball pitcher who played for the Milwaukee Brewers in 2009.

neg: Beloit Snappers The Beloit Snappers are a Class A minor league baseball team affiliated with the Oakland Athletics, that plays in the Midwest League and is based in Beloit, Wisconsin. The Snappers play their home games at Harry C. Pohlman Field at Telfer Park; built in 1982, the franchise attendance record of 10,127 was set in 1986.

neg: Cubs–White Sox rivalry The Cubs–White Sox rivalry (also known as the Crosstown Classic, The Windy City Showdown, Chicago Showdown, Red Line Series, North-South Showdown, Halsted Street Series, City Series, Crosstown Series, Crosstown Cup, or Crosstown Showdown) refers to the Major League Baseball (MLB) geographical rivalry between the Chicago Cubs and the Chicago White Sox. The Cubs are a member club of MLB's National League (NL) Central division, and play their home games at Wrigley Field, located on Chicago's North Side. The White Sox are a member club of MLB's American League (AL) Central division, and play their home games at Guaranteed Rate Field, located on Chicago's South Side.

neg: Sioux Falls Canaries The Sioux Falls Canaries are a professional baseball team based in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States. The Canaries are a member of the North Division of the American Association of Independent Professional Baseball, which is not affiliated with Major League Baseball. Since the 1993 season, the Canaries have played their home games at Sioux Falls Stadium, commonly known as The Birdcage. In the 2010, 2011, and 2012 seasons, the team was called the Sioux Falls Fighting Pheasants.

neg: Neuroscience Group Field at Fox Cities Stadium Neuroscience Group Field at Fox Cities Stadium, formerly "Fox Cities Stadium" (1995-2007), and "Time Warner Cable Field at Fox Cities Stadium" (2007-2013), is a baseball park in Grand Chute, Wisconsin (although the address is for Appleton, Wisconsin). It is primarily used for baseball, and is the home field of the Wisconsin Timber Rattlers, a Midwest League team which functions as the Class A minor league baseball affiliate of the Milwaukee Brewers. Since 2000, it has also hosted the NCAA Division III College World Series. The stadium was built in 1995, and now holds 5,900 people. It is also the host of the Wisconsin Interscholastic Athletic Association High School Spring Baseball Championship.

neg: Simmons Field Simmons Field is a baseball stadium in Kenosha, Wisconsin. It was the home field of the Kenosha Comets of the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League (AAGPBL).

neg: South End Grounds South End Grounds refers to any one of three baseball parks on one site in Boston, Massachusetts. They were home to the franchise that eventually became known as the Boston Braves, first in the National Association and later in the National League, from 1871 to 1914.

neg: Citizens Bank Park Citizens Bank Park is a baseball park located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania within the South Philadelphia Sports Complex. It is the home of the Philadelphia Phillies, the city's Major League Baseball (MLB) franchise. It is commonly referred to by locals simply as "The Bank" or "CBP". Citizens Bank Park opened on April 3, 2004, and hosted its first regular season baseball game on April 12 of the same year, with the Phillies losing to the Cincinnati Reds, 4–1.

neg: Sloan Park Sloan Park is a baseball park in Mesa, Arizona which opened in 2014. The primary operator is the Chicago Cubs and the ballpark serves as their spring training home and is also the home of the Arizona League Cubs of the Arizona League and the Mesa Solar Sox of the Arizona Fall League. Sloan Park was built and paid for by residents of the City of Mesa, approved by ballot measure. It was primarily built to house spring training operations for the Chicago Cubs, who had previously played at nearby Hohokam Stadium. The stadium design was led by Populous, and Lloyd Civil & Sports Engineers provided the stadium and practice fields design.

neg: 1901 Milwaukee Brewers season The 1901 Milwaukee Brewers were an American baseball team. The Brewers finished eighth in the American League with a record of 48 wins and 89 losses, 35.5 games behind the Chicago White Stockings. After the season, the club left Milwaukee for St. Louis and became the St. Louis Browns, where they would remain until the end of 1953.

neg: 2009 Milwaukee Brewers season The Milwaukee Brewers' 2009 season was the 40th season for the franchise in Milwaukee and 41st overall. It was Ken Macha's first season as manager of the team. The Brewers failed to improve on their 90–72 record of a year ago and missed the post season, finishing with a losing record of 80–82.

neg: Milwaukee County Stadium Milwaukee County Stadium (mainly known simply as County Stadium locally) was a multi-purpose stadium in the north central United States, located in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Opened in 1953, it was primarily a baseball park for the major league Milwaukee Braves and Brewers. It was also used for football games, ice skating, religious services, concerts, and other large events. Its final season was in 2000, when it was replaced by the adjacent Miller Park.

neg: Acadian Park Acadian Park, also known as Acadian Ballpark, is a baseball stadium located in New Iberia, Louisiana, United States. It served as the home ballpark for the New Iberia Rebels, New Iberia Pelicans, New Iberia Cardinals and New Iberia Indians, each of whom played in the Evangeline League.

neg: Vince Genna Stadium Vince Genna Stadium is a baseball park in the northwest United States, located in Bend, Oregon. Opened in 1964, it currently hosts college summer baseball league and area American Legion games.

neg: Harlingen Field Harlingen Field (also known as Harlingen Municipal Stadium, Lon Hill Ballpark, or Giants Field) is a baseball park in Harlingen, Texas that has been home to professional baseball, such as the Rio Grande Valley WhiteWings and the Harlingen Giants, and high school baseball. It has undergone numerous expansions and renovations throughout its fifty-year history, most notably in the early 2000s.

neg: 1882 St. Louis Brown Stockings season The 1882 St. Louis Brown Stockings season was the first professional baseball season played by the team now known as the St. Louis Cardinals. The team was founded in the earlier St. Louis Brown Stockings franchise. It played in the National Association league in 1875 and in the National League from 1876 to 1877. After a scandal over game-fixing, combined with financial problems, the St Louis Brown Stockings left the National league but continued to play as an independent team from 1878 to 1881. Chris von der Ahe, a German immigrant, purchased the team prior to the 1882 season and placed it in the new American Association league. The St. Louis Brown Stockings posted a 37 from 43 game record in their first season in the American Association league, giving them fifth place. The team played at the Grand Avenue Grounds (which was later renamed Sportsman's Park) at the corner of Grand Avenue and Dodier Street in north St. Louis.

neg: Met Park Metropolitan Memorial Park aka Met Park was a baseball stadium in Norfolk, Virginia. Built in 1969, it was the home to the Norfolk Tides (known at that time as the Tidewater Tides) until the construction of Harbor Park was completed for the Tides to play the 1993 season there.

neg: List of Pittsburgh Pirates managers The Pittsburgh Pirates are a Major League Baseball (MLB) franchise based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. They play in the National League Central division. The team began play in 1882 as the Alleghenies (alternatively spelled "Alleghenys") in the American Association. The franchise moved to the National League after owner William Nimick became upset over a contract dispute, thus beginning the modern day franchise. The team currently plays home games at PNC Park which they moved into in 2001. Prior to PNC Park, the Pirates played games at Three Rivers Stadium and Forbes Field, among other stadiums.


query: What nationality do Wojciech Oczko and Stephen Bathory share?

pos: Wojciech Oczko Wojciech Oczko (also known as "Ocellus") (1537, Warsaw – 26 December 1599 Lublin) – philosopher, doctor, Royal Secretary to King Sigismund II Augustus, and court physician to kings Sigismund II Augustus, Stephen Báthory, and Sigismund III Vasa. One of the founders of Polish medicine, syphilis and medical writers.

pos: Stephen Báthory Stephen Báthory (Hungarian: "Báthory István" ; Polish: "Stefan Batory" ; Belarusian: Стэфан Баторы ; Lithuanian: "Steponas Batoras" ; Romanian: "Ștefan Báthory" ; 27 September 1533 – 12 December 1586) was Voivode of Transylvania (1571–76), Prince of Transylvania (1576–86), from 1576 Queen Anna Jagiellon's husband and "jure uxoris" King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1576-1586).

neg: Wojciech Bogusławski Wojciech Bogusławski (9 April 1757 – 23 July 1829) was a Polish actor, theater director and playwright of the Polish Enlightenment. He was the director of the National Theatre, Warsaw, ("Teatr Narodowy"), during three distinct periods, as well as establishing a Polish opera. He is considered the "Father of Polish theatre."

neg: Wojciech Borzuchowski Wojciech Borzuchowski (born 10 November 1961 in Wysokie Mazowieckie) is a Polish politician, a member of Law and Justice party until 2007, when he joined the Polish People's Party. He was elected to Sejm on 25 September 2001 and served until 2005.

neg: George Isaak George Richard Isaak (7 March 1933 – 5 June 2005) was a Polish Australian physicist, an important figure in the development of helio- and asteroseismology.

neg: Stephen VIII Báthory Stephen VIII Báthory (Hungarian: "Báthory István" , ] ) (1477–1534) was a Hungarian noble.

neg: Stephen Sulyk Stephen Sulyk (Ukrainian: Стефа́н Су́лик ; born October 2, 1924) is a Ukrainian-American priest who is a retired archbishop of the Ukrainian Catholic Church. He was born in Balnica, Poland.

neg: Stephen Comey Stephen Comey (born in London, England in 1963) is an English Australian actor.

neg: Stephen Holden Stephen Holden (born July 18, 1941) is an American writer, music critic, film critic, and poet.

neg: J. J. Jeczalik Jonathan Edward Stephen "J.J." Jeczalik ( ; born 11 May 1955) is an electronic musician/record producer, co-founder of the electronic music group, the Art of Noise. He taught IT at Oxford High School until his retirement in 2013.

neg: Edmund Osmańczyk Edmund Jan Osmańczyk (August 10, 1913, Deutsch Jägel, Lower Silesia, German Empire – October 4, 1989, Warsaw, People's Republic of Poland), Polish writer, author of Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements.

neg: Wojciech of Bogoria and Żminogród Wojciech of Bogoria and Żminogród (Polish: "Wojciech z Bogorii i Żminogrodu" , died ca. 1316) was a Polish nobleman (szlachcic), member of the Bogoriowie family of the Bogorya Coat of Arms. He was son of Piotr of Bogoria and Skotnik.

neg: Oczko Oczko is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Koziegłowy, within Myszków County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 6 km east of Koziegłowy, 7 km north-west of Myszków, and 45 km north-east of the regional capital Katowice.

neg: Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory The Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory (referred to as the Russo-Polish War among Polish historians) took place in the final stage of the Livonian War, between 1577 and 1582. Polish-Lithuanian forces led by Stephen Báthory (Batory), king of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, successfully fought against the army of Ivan IV "the Terrible", tsar of Russia, over the Duchy of Livonia and Polotsk. Russian forces were expelled from Livonia before the campaign was concluded by the Truce of Jam Zapolski.

neg: Wojciech Romaniuk Wojciech Romaniuk (born January 20, 1970 in Biała Podlaska) is a Polish politician. He was elected to Sejm on September 25, 2005 getting 10719 votes in 7 Chełm district, candidating from Samoobrona Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej list.

neg: Eugène Vinaver Eugène Vinaver (born Russian: Евгений Максимович Винавер "Yevgeniĭ Maksimovich Vinaver", 18 June 1899 – 21 July 1979) was a literary scholar who is best known today for his edition of the works of Sir Thomas Malory.

neg: Stephan Lewandowsky Stephan Lewandowsky (born 3 June 1958) is an Australian psychologist. He has worked in both the United States and Australia, and is currently based at the University of Bristol, UK, where he is the chair in cognitive psychology at the School of Experimental Psychology. His research, which originally pertained to computer simulations of people's decision-making processes, has recently focused on the public's understanding of science and why people often embrace beliefs that are sharply at odds with the scientific evidence.

neg: Theodore Odrach Theodore Odrach (February 13, 1912 – October 7, 1964), born Theodore Sholomitsky, was a Ukrainian and Polesian writer of novels, short stories and memoirs. He is generally known as the "writer of the Pinsk Marshes."

neg: Stephen Szára Stephen Szára (born 1923) is a Hungarian chemist and psychiatrist who has made major contributions in the field of pharmacology.

neg: George Martinuzzi George Martinuzzi, O.S.P. (born Juraj Utješinović, also known as György Martinuzzi, Brother György, Georg Utiessenovicz-Martinuzzi or György Fráter Hungarian: "Fráter György" ; 1482 – December 16, 1551), was a Croatian nobleman, Pauline monk and Hungarian statesman who supported King John Zápolya and his son, King John Sigismund Zápolya. He was Bishop of Nagyvárad (now Oradea), Archbishop of Esztergom and a cardinal.

neg: Stephen V Báthory Stephen Báthory of Ecsed (Hungarian: "Báthory István" , ] ; Romanian: "Ștefan Báthory" ; 1430–1493) was a Hungarian commander, 'dapiferorum regalium magister' (1458–?), judge royal (1471–1493) and voivode of Transylvania (1479–1493). He rose to power under King Matthias Corvinus of Hungary and after the king's death sided with Vladislav Jagiellon of Bohemia and later together with Pál Kinizsi defeated Prince John Corvin in the Battle of Csonthegy (1493). As a result of his cruelty in Transylvania, especially against the Székelys, he was deposed by the King in 1493 and died shortly afterwards.

neg: Maciej Wojtyszko Maciej Wojtyszko (] ; born in Warsaw, Mazowieckie on April 14, 1946) is a Polish film director, screenwriter and fiction author.