query: when was The 52nd annual Berlin International Film Festival held?

pos: 52nd Berlin International Film Festival The 52nd annual Berlin International Film Festival was held from February 6 to 17, 2002. The festival opened with "Heaven" by Tom Tykwer. New print of Charlie Chaplin's 1940 American satirical dramedy film "The Great Dictator" was the closing film of the festival. The Golden Bear was awarded to British–Irish film "Bloody Sunday" directed by Paul Greengrass and Japanese Animated film "Spirited Away" directed by Hayao Miyazaki.

pos: Bloody Sunday (film) Bloody Sunday is a 2002 film about the 1972 "Bloody Sunday" shootings in Derry, Northern Ireland. Although produced by Granada Television as a TV film, it premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on 16 January, a few days before its screening on ITV on 20 January, and then in selected London cinemas from 25 January. The production was written and directed by Paul Greengrass. Though set in Derry, the film was actually shot in Ballymun in North Dublin. However, some location scenes were shot in Derry, in Guildhall Square and in Creggan on the actual route of the march in 1972.

neg: 46th Venice International Film Festival The 46th annual Venice International Film Festival was held from 4 to 15 September 1989.

neg: 66th Berlin International Film Festival The 66th Berlin International Film Festival was held from 11 to 21 February 2016, with American actress Meryl Streep as the President of the Jury. The Honorary Golden Bear for lifetime achievement was presented to German cinematographer Michael Ballhaus. "Hail, Caesar!", directed by Joel and Ethan Coen, was selected to open the festival. The Golden Bear was awarded to the Italian documentary "Fire at Sea", directed by Gianfranco Rosi, which also serves as closing night film.

neg: 11th Berlin International Film Festival The 11th annual Berlin International Film Festival was held from 23 June to 4 July 1961. The Golden Bear was awarded to the Italian film "La notte" directed by Michelangelo Antonioni.

neg: 22nd Venice International Film Festival The 22nd annual Venice International Film Festival was held from 20 August to 3 September 1961.

neg: 28th Berlin International Film Festival The 28th annual Berlin International Film Festival was held from 22 February to 5 March 1978. The festival opened with "Opening Night" by John Cassavetes and closed with Steven Spielberg's out of competition film "Close Encounters of the Third Kind". This was the first year the festival was held in February.

neg: 1998 Cannes Film Festival The 51st Cannes Film Festival was held from 13 to 24 May 1998. American director, producer, screenwriter, and film historian Martin Scorsese was the Jury President. The Palme d'Or went to the Greek film "Mia aioniotita kai mia mera" by Theo Angelopoulos.

neg: 2002 Cannes Film Festival The 55th Cannes Film Festival started on 15 May and ran until 26 May 2002. The Palme d'Or went to the Polish-French-German-British co-produced film "The Pianist" directed by Roman Polanski.

neg: 1997 Shanghai International Film Festival The 3rd Shanghai International Film Festival was held between October 24 and December 2, 1997. The Film Festival was divided into four activities:

neg: 2010 Cannes Film Festival The 63rd Cannes Film Festival was held from 12 to 23 May 2010, in Cannes, France. The Cannes Film Festival, hailed as being one of the most recognized and prestigious film festivals worldwide, was founded in 1946. It consists of having films screened in and out of competition during the festival; films screened in competition compete for the Palme d'Or award. The award in 2010 was won by "Uncle Boonmee Who Can Recall His Past Lives", a Thai film directed by Apichatpong Weerasethakul. This was determined by the festival's jury members who reviewed films screened in competition. American film director Tim Burton was the president of the jury for the international competition, and other members of the jury for that competition included actors, screenwriters and composers, such as Kate Beckinsale, Emmanuel Carrère, Benicio del Toro, and Alexandre Desplat. Other categories for films screened in competition that have their own separate juries for other awards are for Short Films and the Un Certain Regard category.

neg: German Film Awards 2015 Deutscher Filmförderfonds (DFFF) is a German production company developed by The 64th German Film Awards took place on 19 June 2015, organised by the Deutsche Filmakademie. The award ceremony was held at the Palais am Funkturm in Berlin and broadcast by ZDF. Jan Josef Liefers hosted the event.

neg: 1987 Cannes Film Festival The 40th Cannes Film Festival was held from 7 to 19 May 1987. The Palme d'Or went to the "Sous le soleil de Satan" by Maurice Pialat, a choice which was considered "highly controversial" and the prize was given under the jeers of the public. Pialat is quoted to have retorted "You don’t like me? Well, let me tell you that I don’t like you either!"

neg: 47th Venice International Film Festival The 47th annual Venice International Film Festival was held from 4 to 14 September 1990.

neg: Dhaka International Film Festival Dhaka International Film Festival (DIFF) is a biennial film festival held in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Established in 1992, the festival was initially organized on annual basis, but became a biennial event since 1995. DIFF is one of the most prestigious film events in Bangladesh, dedicated to introduce the mainstream global cinema to the local film makers as well as to promote healthy cine culture within Bangladesh. The festival was founded by the Rainbow Film Society, which has, as of 2012, organized 12 editions of the event bringing international recognition to it.

neg: 2009 Bergen International Film Festival The 2009 Bergen International Film Festival was arranged in Bergen, Norway 21st-28 October 2009, and was the 10th edition of the festival.

neg: Berlin Film Festival Award for Best Actress The Silver Bear for Best Actress (German: "Silberner Bär/Beste Darstellerin" ) is the Berlin International Film Festival's award for achievement in performance by an actress. It is selected by the jury of the festival for films in the official competition slate. The award was first presented in 1956, and can be for lead or supporting roles. The award was not presented in 1969, 1970, 1973, and 1974. Sachiko Hidari won the award for two films in the 1964 competition. In 2011 the award was given to the entire female cast of "A Separation". Shirley MacLaine is the only actress that has won the award more than once.

neg: 28th Robert Awards The 28th Robert Awards ceremony was held on 6 February 2011 in Copenhagen, Denmark. Organized by the Danish Film Academy, the awards honoured the best in Danish and foreign film of 2010.

neg: International Film Festival Bratislava The International Film Festival Bratislava (also known as IFF Bratislava) is an international film festival established in 1999 and held annually in Bratislava, Slovakia.

neg: 2010 Bergen International Film Festival The 2010 Bergen International Film Festival was arranged in Bergen, Norway 20th-27 October 2010, and was the 11th edition of the festival. It featured over 150 feature films and documentaries, and had an attendance over 45,000, both numbers a new record for the festival.

neg: Golden Rose Bulgarian Feature Film Festival The Golden Rose Bulgarian Feature Film Festival (Bulgarian: Фестивалът на българския игрален филм „Златна роза“ ) is held in Varna in September or October. Also known as Golden Rose National Film Festival or simply Golden Rose Film Festival, the event was first held in August 1961 under the name "Bulgarian Film Festival"; it ran annually until 1974 (other than 1965) and after that it was usually held every two years. The 34th Golden Rose Film Festival was held September 19 to 25, 2016.

neg: 3rd World Festival of Youth and Students The Third World Festival of Youth and Students (WFYS) was held in 1951, in East Berlin, East Germany, and organised by World Federation of Democratic Youth.


query: Who is a Hong Kong businessman in the luxury goods retailing sector, who controlls a Bermuda incorporated, Hong Kong based listed company that has held the distributorship of Polo and Ralph Lauren products in Asia for in excess of twenty years?

pos: Dickson Concepts Dickson Concepts (International) Ltd. () is a Bermuda incorporated, Hong Kong based listed company (on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange). It has held the distributorship of Polo and Ralph Lauren products in Asia for in excess of twenty years. The company is chaired and controlled by Dickson Poon, who is also the company's Executive Chairman.

pos: Dickson Poon Sir Dickson Poon, CBE, SBS (; pinyin: "Pān Díshēng", also transliterated as "Poon Tik Sang") is a Hong Kong businessman in the luxury goods retailing sector. Poon is the executive chairman of his Hong Kong listed company Dickson Concepts (DCIL), which owns companies including Harvey Nichols and S. T. Dupont. Through trusts, he controls 40.13% of the voting capital of DCIL as of 31 March 2008.

neg: Hari Harilela Hari Naroomal Harilela {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (10 August 1922 – 29 December 2014) was a Hong Kong Indian businessman, hotelier and philanthropist and the founder and chairman of the Harilela Group. The group runs businesses ranging from hotel and real estate investment to import and export trading. He was often dubbed the richest Indian in Hong Kong.

neg: Global Sweeteners Global Sweeteners Holdings Limited () is a listed food company in Hong Kong. It is involved in the manufacture and sale of corn-based sweetener products in China, including corn syrup, corn syrup solids, and sugar alcohol.

neg: Ricky Wong (Hong Kong businessman) Ricky Wong Wai-kay () (born 13 December 1961 in Hong Kong) is a telecom and media entrepreneur in Hong Kong. He is the chairman and founder of Hong Kong Television Network Limited, and the founder of Hong Kong Broadband Network Limited. He is also a member of the Board of Trustees, United College, The Chinese University of Hong Kong.

neg: Hopewell Highway Infrastructure Hopewell Highway Infrastructure Limited (HHI; ), , , controlled by Hong Kong tycoon Gordon Wu, is the highway unit of Hong Kong-listed conglomerate Hopewell Holdings Ltd.

neg: Barneys Warehouse Barneys Warehouse is an American fashion retailer headquartered in New York City. Barneys Warehouse is owned by Barneys New York and began in 1970 as a semi-annual sale that offered large discounts on designer clothing. Barneys Warehouse now has 11 brick and mortar stores and launched an e-commerce website in 2013. Barneys Warehouse offers deals up to 75% off retail prices from luxury designers such as Marni, Derek Lam, Proenza Schouler, Rag & Bone, Chloé, Isabel Marant, John Varvatos, 3.1 Phillip Lim, and Marc by Marc Jacobs.

neg: Andrew Lo (businessman) Andrew Lo is a Hong Kong businessman, CEO of Crystal Group.

neg: Shanghai Tang Shanghai Tang () is a Hong Kong luxury fashion house founded in 1994 by Hong Kong businessman David Tang. The brand is known for its luxury homeware collection, and its fine bone china is the finest type of porcelain with its superior whiteness, translucency and higher strength. In 1998, Richemont acquired David Tang's controlling stake in the business.

neg: John Malcolm Gray John Malcolm Gray, CBE (28 July 1934 - 19 November 2009) was a Scottish businessman and the former chairman and chief executive of the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation in Hong Kong from 1993 until his retirement in 1996. He was the third generation of his family to work for the organisation. Gray was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1996.

neg: Oroton Oroton is an Australian luxury fashion accessories company known for its leather handbags. Oroton is owned by the OrotonGroup which is listed on the Australian Stock Exchange and has held the licence for the Polo Ralph Lauren in Australia and New Zealand for 2 decades.

neg: Pioneer Global Group Pioneer Global Group is a Kong Kong real estate development company and investor, listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, controlled by the Gaw family.

neg: Hang Lung Group Hang Lung Group (), established in 1960, is listed in Hong Kong, engaging in property development for sales and leasing, car park management, property management, and dry cleaning businesses. Its subsidiary Hang Lung Properties is one of the largest property developers in Hong Kong, which also invests in the Mainland China market.

neg: Bracell Limited Bracell (formerly Bracell Limited) is one of the largest specialty cellulose producers in the world. It was previously listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange ().

neg: Lawrence Yu Kam-kee Lawrence Yu Kam-kee MBE, BBS, JP (traditional Chinese:余錦基, born 1946) is a prominent Hong Kong businessman.

neg: Li Ka-shing Sir Ka-shing Li, GBM, KBE, JP (born 29 July 1928 in Chaozhou, China) is a Hong Kong business magnate, investor, and philanthropist. As of September 2017, Li is one of the wealthiest people in Asia, with an estimated net worth of US$34.4 billion. He is currently the chairman of the board for CK Hutchison Holdings; through it, he is the world's leading port investor, developer, and operator, and the largest health and beauty retailer in Asia and Europe.

neg: Kwek Hong Png Kwek Hong Png (; 1912 - 8 November 1994) was a Singaporean businessperson, known for establishing Hong Leong Group, of which he was also chairperson. Born to a penniless family, Kwek turned from rags to riches after arriving in Singapore in 1928, eventually becoming one of the world's richest men, with an estimated net worth of S$3 billion before his retirement in 1984.

neg: BLV Group Corporation BLV Group Corporation is a New York-based luxury real estate investment, development and management company. It also provides lifestyle, air and yacht charter, philanthropy, fund management, consultancy and hospitality services in the United States, Europe, and Asia.

neg: 1980s in Hong Kong 1980s in Hong Kong marks a period when the territory was known for its wealth and trademark lifestyle. Hong Kong would be recognised internationally for its politics, entertainment and skyrocketing real estate prices.

neg: Raymond Group Raymond Group is an Indian branded fabric and fashion retailer, incorporated in 1925. It produces suiting fabric, with a capacity of producing 31 million meters of wool and wool-blended fabrics. Gautam Singhania is the chairman and managing director of the Raymond group.

neg: John Hung John Terence Hung is a Hong Kong businessman, best known as former chairman of Wheelock & Co, and executive director of its subsidiary Wharf Holdings.

neg: Sun Hung Kai & Co. Sun Hung Kai & Co. Limited is a financial services firm with a focus on Greater China, specialising in Structured Finance and Consumer Finance. The company has more than 200 branches and offices across Hong Kong and Mainland China. It holds a significant strategic investment in Sun Hun Kai Financial Limited in Hong Kong. The company is controlled by Lee Seng Huang. It had about HK$14.9 billion in shareholders’ equity as of 31 December 2014.


query: Cierra Alexa Ramírez  is an American actress best known for her role in a television series created by who?

pos: Cierra Ramirez Cierra Alexa Ramírez (born March 9, 1995) is an American actress, model and singer. She is best known for her role as Mariana Adams-Foster in the Freeform television series "The Fosters."

pos: The Fosters (2013 TV series) The Fosters is an American family drama television series created by Peter Paige and Bradley Bredeweg which first premiered in the United States on June 3, 2013 on the Freeform (previously named ABC Family) television network. It follows the lives of the Foster family led by lesbian couple Stef and Lena, a cop and school vice principal respectively, who raise one biological and four adopted children in San Diego, California.

neg: The After The After is an American science fiction drama pilot created by Chris Carter for Amazon Studios. Along with "Bosch", the premiere episode was one of two drama pilots Amazon released online in February 2014. Viewers were allowed to offer their opinions about the pilot before the studio decided whether or not to place a series order.

neg: List of Louie episodes "Louie" is an American comedy-drama television series created, written, directed by, and starring stand-up comedian Louis C.K. The series premiered on FX on June 29, 2010.

neg: Perception (U.S. TV series) Perception was an American crime drama television series created by Kenneth Biller and Mike Sussman. The series stars Eric McCormack as Dr. Daniel Pierce, a neuropsychiatrist with schizophrenia who assists the FBI on some of their most complex cases.

neg: Louie (TV series) Louie is an American comedy-drama television series on the FX network that began airing in 2010. It is written, directed, edited, and produced by the show's creator, comedian Louis C.K. He also stars in the show as a fictionalized version of himself, a comedian and newly divorced father raising his two daughters in New York City. The show has a loose format atypical for television comedy series, consisting of largely unconnected storylines and segments (described by FX president John Landgraf as "extended vignettes") that revolve around Louie's life, punctuated by live stand-up performances.

neg: Tyrant (TV series) Tyrant is an American drama television series created by director and writer Gideon Raff and developed by Howard Gordon and Craig Wright. The first season of "Tyrant" consisting of 10 episodes premiered on American cable network FX on June 24, 2014, and ended on August 26, 2014. Subsequently, FX then went on to renew "Tyrant" for a second season which premiered on June 16, 2015, and ended on September 1, 2015.

neg: Killer Women Killer Women is an American crime drama television series that aired on ABC from January 7 to March 25, 2014. The series is based on the Argentine crime drama "Mujeres Asesinas", which was adapted into an American setting by writer Hannah Shakespeare. Shakespeare also serves as an executive producer alongside Sofía Vergara, Ben Silverman, Luis Balaguer, and Martin Campbell for Pol-Ka Productions, Silverman's Electus Productions, Vergara and Balaguer's Latin World Entertainment, and ABC Studios. The pilot episode was directed by Lawrence Trilling.

neg: Supergirl (TV series) Supergirl is an American superhero action-adventure television series developed by Ali Adler, Greg Berlanti and Andrew Kreisberg (the latter two having previously created "Arrow" and "The Flash") that originally aired on CBS and premiered on October 26, 2015. It is based on the DC Comics character Supergirl, created by Otto Binder and Al Plastino, and stars Melissa Benoist in the title role. Supergirl is a costumed superheroine who is Superman's cousin and one of the last surviving Kryptonians.

neg: Cara o cruz Cara o cruz, is an American telenovela created and produced by Telemundo and Argos Comunicación in 2001.

neg: Lucifer (TV series) Lucifer is an American fantasy police procedural comedy-drama television series developed by Tom Kapinos that premiered on Fox on January 25, 2016. It features a character created by Neil Gaiman, Sam Kieth, and Mike Dringenberg taken from the comic book series "The Sandman", who later became the protagonist of the spin-off comic book series "Lucifer" written by Mike Carey, both published by DC Comics' Vertigo imprint.

neg: The Strain (TV series) The Strain is an American horror drama television series that premiered on FX on July 13, 2014. It was created by Guillermo del Toro and Chuck Hogan, based on their novel trilogy of the same name. Carlton Cuse serves as executive producer and showrunner. Del Toro and Hogan wrote the pilot episode, "Night Zero", which del Toro directed. A thirteen-episode first season was ordered on November 19, 2013. The pilot episode premiered at the ATX Television Festival in Austin, Texas, in early June 2014.

neg: Rebel (TV series) Rebel is an American police drama television series created by Amani Walker. The series premiered on BET on March 28, 2017. The series follows Oakland police officer Rebecca "Rebel" Knight, who after her brother was killed by police, began working as private investigator.

neg: Good Girls (TV series) Good Girls is an upcoming American crime drama television series created by Jenna Bans, who will co-executive produce with Dean Parisot (who will direct the pilot) and Jeannine Renshaw for Universal Television, slated to air on NBC as a mid season entry for the 2017–18 United States network television schedule.

neg: Still Star-Crossed Still Star-Crossed is an American period drama television series created by Heather Mitchell and based on the book with the same name by Melinda Taub. The series is produced by Shonda Rhimes's ShondaLand and ABC Studios, and aired on ABC during the 2016–17 television season. The series premiered on May 29, 2017. ABC canceled the show after one season in June 2017.

neg: Anacostia (web series) Anacostia is a soap opera web series that premiered on October 15, 2009, on YouTube. Created by and starring Anthony Anderson, the series has chronicled the drama among residents of the titular community in Washington, D. C. for five seasons.

neg: List of Veep episodes "Veep" is an American political satire television comedy series created by Armando Iannucci, as a U.S. spin of the premise of his 2005 BBC series, "The Thick of It". The series premiered on HBO on April 22, 2012. Shot in a cinéma-vérité style, "Veep" stars Julia Louis-Dreyfus as Selina Meyer, the Vice President of the United States (or "Veep"), and later President of the United States, as she struggles to stay politically relevant.

neg: Young Americans (TV series) Young Americans is an American television drama created by Steven Antin. The show debuted on July 12, 2000 on The WB network as a summer replacement for, and spin-off from another Columbia TriStar Television production, "Dawson's Creek". The series was originally ordered for the 1999–2000 television season with a planned fall debut, but was delayed due to unresolved matters between the ColumbiaTriStar and The WB. The main character, Will Krudski, was introduced late in season three of "Dawson's Creek" as a childhood friend of the group who has kept in contact with Pacey Witter. The show explores themes of forbidden love, morality, social classes and gender roles.

neg: La Piloto La Piloto is an American crime drama television series created by W Studios and produced by Lemon Films Studios for Univision and Televisa. It's an original story based on real-life events and it started airing on American broadcast channel Univision on 7 March 2017. The series tells the departures of Yolanda Cadena (Livia Brito) and all her efforts to become an airplane pilot.

neg: The White Slave (TV series) The White Slave (Spanish: "La esclava blanca"), is a Colombian telenovela created by Eduardo Galdo and María Helena Porta for Caracol Televisión. The series originally aired from January 26, 2016 to April 25, 2016. The series stars Nerea Camacho as Victoria, Orián Suárez as Miguel and Miguel de Miguel as Nicolás.

neg: List of Legion characters "Legion" is an American cable television series created for FX by Noah Hawley, based on the Marvel Comics character David Haller / Legion. It is connected to the "X-Men" film series, the first television series to do so. The first season, consisting of eight episodes, began airing on February 8, 2017. A second season was ordered in March 2017.

neg: Remington Steele Remington Steele is an American television series co-created by Robert Butler and Michael Gleason. The series, starring Stephanie Zimbalist and Pierce Brosnan, was produced by MTM Enterprises and first broadcast on the NBC network from 1982 to 1987. The series blended the genres of romantic comedy, drama, and detective procedural. "Remington Steele" is best known for launching the career of Pierce Brosnan.


query: "Love Will Tear Us Apart" is an original song by a band formed in which year?

pos: Stanton Miranda Miranda Stanton, best known for her recordings as Stanton Miranda, Miranda Dali and Thick Pigeon, is a 1980s Factory Records artist from New York City. She achieved some notice for her single "Wheels Over Indian Trails" (produced by Stephen Morris and Gillian Gilbert from New Order) and her later cover of "Love Will Tear Us Apart" by Joy Division. She also guested on recordings by the Durutti Column. Her first band was CKM in New York with Kim Gordon of Sonic Youth, where she played drums.

pos: Joy Division Joy Division were an English rock band formed in 1976 in Salford, Greater Manchester. Originally named Warsaw, the band consisted of singer Ian Curtis, guitarist and keyboardist Bernard Sumner, bass player Peter Hook, and drummer Stephen Morris.

neg: Pop Will Eat Itself Pop Will Eat Itself (also known as PWEI or The Poppies) are an English alternative rock band formed in Stourbridge in 1986 with members from Birmingham, Coventry and the Black Country. Initially known as a grebo act, their style changed to incorporate sample-driven indie and industrial rock. Their highest charting single was the 1993 top ten hit, "Get The Girl! Kill The Baddies!". After initially disbanding in 1996, and having a brief reformation in 2005, they issued their first release in more than five years in 2010.

neg: Hollywood Rose Hollywood Rose was an American hard rock group formed in 1983 and is best known as the precursor group for what would eventually become Guns N' Roses. The group was founded by Axl Rose, Izzy Stradlin and Chris Weber while they were aided during live shows by Rick Mars, Johnny Kreis, Steve Darrow and Andre Troxx. Rose, Stradlin and Weber, along with Kreis, recorded a five-song demo in 1984. However, after a number of lineup changes, which includes Weber and Kreis being replaced by Slash and Steven Adler (both then of Road Crew) respectively as well the departure of Stradlin, the group disbanded the same year.

neg: The Original Sins The Original Sins were a garage rock band that formed in 1987 in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. The group were known for combining the musical stylings of punk rock, psychedelic rock, and even pop music with their songs. The band released a total of nine full-length studio albums across their entire career before they band broke up in early 1998.

neg: Riptides The Riptides were an Australian power pop group which formed in Brisbane in 1977 as the Grunge. Their founding mainstay was Mark "Cal" Callaghan on lead vocals, bass guitar, rhythm guitar and as principal songwriter. Former member Michael Hiron died in 2001.

neg: The Who The Who are an English rock band that formed in 1964. Their classic line-up consisted of lead singer Roger Daltrey, guitarist and singer Pete Townshend, bass guitarist John Entwistle, and drummer Keith Moon. They are considered one of the most influential rock bands of the 20th century, selling over 100 million records worldwide and holding a reputation for their live shows and studio work.

neg: Fine Young Cannibals Fine Young Cannibals were a British band formed in Birmingham, England in 1984, by bassist David Steele, guitarist Andy Cox (both formerly of The Beat), and singer Roland Gift (formerly of the Akrylykz). Their self-titled 1985 debut album contained "Johnny Come Home" and a cover of "Suspicious Minds", two songs that were top 40 hits in the UK, Canada, Australia and many European countries. Their 1988 album, "The Raw & the Cooked", topped the UK and US album charts, and contained their two "Billboard" Hot 100 number ones: "She Drives Me Crazy" and "Good Thing".

neg: Sad Café (band) Sad Café are an English rock band formed in Manchester in 1976, who achieved their peak of popularity in the late 1970s and early 1980s. They are best known for the UK Top 40 singles "Every Day Hurts", "Strange Little Girl", "My Oh My" and "I'm in Love Again", the first of which was their biggest hit, reaching number 3 in the UK Singles Chart in 1979. The band also had two US "Billboard" Hot 100 hits with "Run Home Girl" and "La-Di-Da". Frontman Paul Young went on to achieve greater chart success as the co-lead singer (with Paul Carrack) of Mike + The Mechanics.

neg: She Wants Revenge She Wants Revenge is an American rock band, based in San Fernando Valley, California and formed in 2004. The group's debut album "She Wants Revenge" was released in early 2006, with three singles to follow ("These Things," a video featuring Shirley Manson from Garbage, "Out of Control," and "Tear You Apart" for which the video was directed by Joaquin Phoenix). The band has sold more than 300,000 records in the US. The band's second album, "This Is Forever", was released in 2007. The group's third album, entitled "Valleyheart", was released in 2011.

neg: Our Last Night Our Last Night is an American rock band, formed in 2004 by four members, consisting of

neg: Love Bites (band) Love Bites is an English girl band that formed in 2004 and disbanded in 2007, but reformed again in 2011.

neg: Oh! Brothers Oh! Brothers (Korean: 오! 부라더스 ) is a South Korean rock band that formed in 1998. The band was originally named the 'Orgasm Brothers', but prior to debuting in 2001 had been renamed to its current name. Since 1998, the band has performed in clubs in the Hongdae area, as well as on the streets and in subway stations.

neg: Helix (band) Helix is a Canadian hard rock/heavy metal band. They formed in 1974, and are best known for their 1984 single "Rock You". The original lineup was formed by drummer Bruce Arnold, and consisted of lead vocalist Brian Vollmer, guitarists Ron Watson and Rick "Minstrel" Trembley, keyboardist Don Simmons, and bassist Keith "Bert" Zurbrigg. However, their most well known lineup, and the one that recorded "Rock You", was the 1980s version of the band: Vollmer on vocals, accompanied by guitarists Brent "The Doctor" Doerner and Paul Hackman, bassist Daryl Gray, and drummer Greg "Fritz" Hinz. The history of the band has been marked by many lineup changes, with Vollmer being the sole constant member and only remaining member of the original lineup. Although Hackman was killed in a tour bus accident in 1992, the surviving members of the 1980s lineup reunited in 2009 for an album and have continued to tour since 2011.

neg: The Only Ones The Only Ones are an English rock band, formed in London in 1976 and originally disbanded in 1982. They were associated with punk rock, yet straddled the musical territory in between punk, power pop and hard rock, with noticeable influences from psychedelia.

neg: The Screaming Jets The Screaming Jets are an Australian hard rock band formed in Newcastle, Australia in 1989 by front man Dave Gleeson (vocals), Paul Woseen (bass guitar), Grant Walmsley (guitar), Richard Lara (guitar) and Brad Heaney (drums). The band has three albums that peaked in the top five on the Australian ARIA Charts, "All for One" (1991), "Tear of Thought" (1992) and "The Screaming Jets" (1995). Their 1991 single, "Better", reached No. 4 on the related singles chart. Walmsley left in 2007 and formed his own band. In 2013, bassist Paul Woseen released an acoustic solo album, "Bombido".

neg: The Law (English band) The Law were an English rock group formed in 1991 by singer Paul Rodgers (ex-Free, Bad Company and The Firm) and drummer Kenney Jones (ex-Small Faces/Faces and The Who). The two teamed up with the idea of using different supporting musicians, in order to allow Rodgers to pursue whatever musical style he felt like. They assembled a core band of studio musicians, consisting of Jim Barber (whose credits include The Rolling Stones, Ruby Turner and Mick Jagger's solo album "Primitive Cool") as the main guitarist, second guitarist John Staehely (ex-Spirit and Jo Jo Gunne) and bassist Pino Palladino (formerly of Paul Young's and Jools Holland's bands), as well as landing guest spots from guitarists such as David Gilmour, Bryan Adams and Chris Rea.

neg: Planet Us Planet Us (pronounced "Planet-uss") was a short-lived supergroup that formed in 2002 with Sammy Hagar on lead vocals, Neal Schon on guitar, Michael Anthony on bass, and Deen Castronovo on drums. The band later recruited a fifth member - famed guitarist Joe Satriani - when their original choice, Slash, turned them down.

neg: The Romantics The Romantics are an American rock band often put under the banner of power pop and new wave from Detroit, Michigan, United States, formed in 1977. The band's first show was on Valentine's Day at My Fair Lady Club, in Detroit, opening for the New MC5 in 1977. They were influenced by 1950s American rock and roll, Detroit's MC5, The Stooges, early Bob Seger, Motown R&B, 1960s North American garage rock as well as the British Invasion rockers.

neg: Divinyls Divinyls (often incorrectly referred to as The Divinyls) was an Australian rock band that was formed in Sydney in 1980. The band primarily consisted of vocalist Chrissy Amphlett and guitarist Mark McEntee. Amphlett garnered widespread attention for performing on stage in a school uniform and fishnet stockings, and often used an illuminated neon tube as a prop for displaying aggression towards both band members and the audience.

neg: The Bangles The Bangles are an American pop rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1981. They scored several hit singles as that decade continued. The band's hits include "Walk Like an Egyptian", "Billboard" magazine's number-one single of 1987, as well as two number-two hits, "Manic Monday" and "Hazy Shade of Winter", and their 1989 number-one single "Eternal Flame".

neg: The U-Men The U-Men was an American rock band, formed in Seattle, Washington, in 1981 and active until 1989. They toured extensively across the United States. Their musically "dirty" sound was a forerunner for the later grunge bands to come out of Seattle.


query: Who is known more for their work as a director, Lawrence Kasdan or Lois Weber?

pos: Lawrence Kasdan Lawrence Edward Kasdan (born January 14, 1949) is an American screenwriter, director and producer. He is best known as co-writer of the films "The Empire Strikes Back", "Raiders of the Lost Ark", and "Return of the Jedi". Kasdan co-wrote the "Star Wars" sequel trilogy film "", and will co-write the series' Han Solo spin-off film.

pos: Lois Weber Lois Weber (June 13, 1879 – November 13, 1939) was an American silent film actress, screenwriter, producer, and director, who is considered "the most important female director the American film industry has known", and "one of the most important and prolific film directors in the era of silent films". Film historian Anthony Slide asserts that: "Along with D.W. Griffith, Weber was the American cinema's first genuine auteur, a filmmaker involved in all aspects of production and one who utilized the motion picture to put across her own ideas and philosophies."

neg: Delbert Mann Delbert Martin Mann Jr. (January 30, 1920 – November 11, 2007) was an American television and film director. He won the Academy Award for Best Director for the film "Marty" (1955), adapted from a 1953 teleplay of the same name which he had also directed. From 1967 to 1971, he was president of the Directors Guild of America. In 2002, he received the DGA's honorary life member award. Mann was credited to have "helped bring TV techniques to the film world."

neg: Werner Krieglstein Werner Josef Krieglstein (born October 31, 1941), a Fulbright Scholar and University of Chicago fellow, is an award winning and internationally recognized scholar, director and actor. Krieglstein is the founder of a neo-Nietzschean philosophical school called Transcendental Perspectivism. Krieglstein's "philosophy of compassion" has been the subject of symposium lectures at many prominent conferences including the UNESCO section of the World Congress of Philosophy conference in Seoul Korea (August, 2008), the ISAIL "Fields of Conflict-Fields of Wisdom": 4th International Congress in Wuerzburg, Germany (May, 2008), the meeting of the American Philosophical Association in Washington D.C. (Symposium Chair: Sept. 2006), and the ISUD Fourth World Conference of the International Society for Universal Dialogue (Summer, 2001), among many others.

neg: Ken Loach Kenneth Charles Loach (born 17 June 1936) is an English director of television and independent film. He is known for his socially critical directing style and for his socialist ideals, which are evident in his film treatment of social issues such as poverty ("Poor Cow", 1967), homelessness ("Cathy Come Home", 1966) and labour rights ("Riff-Raff", 1991, and "The Navigators", 2001).

neg: Donald Weber Donald Weber is a literary critic and a specialist in Jewish American literature and film studies. He is the "Lucia, Ruth, and Elizabeth Professor of English" and Chair of the English department at Mount Holyoke College.

neg: Marc Lawrence (filmmaker) Marc Lawrence (born October 22, 1959) is an American screenwriter, film producer and film director. He is best known for the four films that he has made with actor Sandra Bullock.

neg: Elia Suleiman Elia Suleiman (Arabic: إيليا سليمان  , ] ; born July 28, 1960) is a Palestinian film director and actor of Rûm Greek Orthodox origin. He is best known for the 2002 film "Divine Intervention" (Arabic: يد إلهية  ), a modern tragic comedy on living under occupation in Palestine which won the Jury Prize at the 2002 Cannes Film Festival. Elia Suleiman's cinematic style is often compared to that of Jacques Tati and Buster Keaton, for its poetic interplay between "burlesque and sobriety". He is married to Lebanese singer and actress Yasmine Hamdan.

neg: Jean-Luc Godard Jean-Luc Godard (] ; born 3 December 1930) is a French-Swiss film director, screenwriter and film critic. He is often identified with the 1960s French film movement "La Nouvelle Vague", or French New Wave.

neg: William Sachs William Sachs is an American film director/producer and writer. Besides his work as a writer and director, since working on "Joe", Sachs has been particularly noted for successfully doctoring others' films prior to release in order to conform them to the producers' wishes for broader commercial appeal. His films have screened and received more than 25 awards at various festivals.

neg: Jeremy Kagan Jeremy Paul Kagan (born December 14, 1945) is an American film and television director, screenwriter, and television producer.

neg: Any Second Now Any Second Now is a 1969 TV film starring Stewart Granger and Lois Nettleton. It was directed by Gene Levitt. The film score was composed by Leonard Rosenman.

neg: Dreamcatcher (2003 film) Dreamcatcher is a 2003 American science fiction horror film based on Stephen King's novel of the same name. Directed by Lawrence Kasdan and co-written by Kasdan and screenwriter William Goldman, the film stars Damian Lewis, Thomas Jane, Jason Lee and Timothy Olyphant as four friends who encounter an invasion of parasitic aliens.

neg: Leyna Weber Leyna Juliet Weber is an American actress.

neg: Lewis Gilbert Lewis Gilbert, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (born 6 March 1920) is a British film director, producer and screenwriter, who has directed more than 40 films during six decades; among them such varied titles as "Reach for the Sky" (1956), "Sink the Bismarck!" (1960), "Alfie" (1966), "Educating Rita" (1983) and "Shirley Valentine" (1989), as well as three James Bond films: "You Only Live Twice" (1967), "The Spy Who Loved Me" (1977) and "Moonraker" (1979).

neg: Lois Smith Lois Arlene Smith (née Humbert; born November 3, 1930) is an American actress. She has played supporting roles in films including "East of Eden", "Five Easy Pieces", "Resurrection", "Fatal Attraction", "Fried Green Tomatoes", "Dead Man Walking", "Tumbleweeds", "Twister", "Please Give" and 2016's "The Comedian" and "The Nice Guys". In television, she has performed in series that include "The Americans", "True Blood", and "Desperate Housewives".

neg: Margerie Bonner Margerie Bonner (February 17, 1905 – September 28, 1988) was an American actress, scriptwriter, and novelist who is best known as the wife of Malcolm Lowry and for her support of the author while he wrote his best known novel, "Under the Volcano", considered one of the finest novels of the 20th century.

neg: Lois Wright Lois Erdmann Wright is an American artist, author, and local television personality. She is best known for her appearance in the 1975 independent documentary film "Grey Gardens" by Albert and David Maysles. She is the author of the memoir "My Life at Grey Gardens: 13 Months and Beyond". She currently hosts "The Lois Wright Show" for LTV Public Access in East Hampton. As an artist, she has exhibited at Guild Hall in East Hampton and at the National Arts Club in New York. Her art focuses mainly on Edith Bouvier Beale and Edith Ewing Bouvier Beale of Grey Gardens.

neg: Jake Kasdan Jacob "Jake" Kasdan (born October 28, 1974) is an American television and film director and occasional actor.

neg: Peter Ladue Peter Ladue (born 1950) is an American film director and writer. In 1981, Ladue and Roland Halle' won the Oscar for Best Documentary Short Subject for producing "". Incorporating interviews, archival footage, and animation, the film chronicles the life of Karl Hess.

neg: Leontine Sagan Leontine Sagan (born Leontine Schlesinger; 13 February 1889 – 20 May 1974) was an Austrian-Hungarian theatre director and actress of Jewish descent. She is best known for directing "Mädchen in Uniform" (1931).

neg: Lee H. Katzin Lee H. Katzin (12 April 1935 - 30 October 2002) was born in Detroit, Michigan, United States, and became a TV director in the late 1960s, including episodes for "Bonanza, "and "Police Story." He also directed the 1971 feature film "Le Mans."


query: In which event was D. C. Jefferson picked up by the Arizona Cardinals that was held in New York City on April 25 - 27?

pos: D. C. Jefferson D. C. Jefferson (born May 7, 1989) is an American football tight end who is currently a free agent. He played college football at Rutgers University. He was drafted in the seventh round with the 219th overall pick by the Arizona Cardinals in the 2013 NFL Draft. Jefferson was released on November 4, 2013 after he was arrested on suspicion of driving under the influence.

pos: 2013 NFL Draft The 2013 NFL draft was the 78th annual meeting of National Football League (NFL) franchises to select newly eligible football players. The draft, which is officially called the "NFL Player Selection Meeting," was held at Radio City Music Hall in New York City, New York, on April 25 through April 27.

neg: Corey Washington Corey Washington (born December 29, 1991) is an American football wide receiver who is currently a free agent. He played college football at Newberry College and was signed by the Arizona Cardinals as an undrafted free agent in 2014.

neg: 2009 Arizona Cardinals season The 2009 Arizona Cardinals season is the 90th season for the team in the National Football League and the 22nd season in Arizona. The Cardinals finished the season with a 10–6 record, an improvement from their 9–7 previous season record and the first time the team has won 10 games since 1976. The franchise was able to successfully defend the National Football Conference (NFC) West division title and earned a playoff berth in the NFC Playoffs wild card round against the Green Bay Packers, which they won in overtime by the score of 51-45, the highest scoring game for two teams combined in a playoff game. Their season ended the following week on January 17, 2010, in a loss to the eventual Super Bowl Champion New Orleans Saints in the NFC Playoffs divisional round. This game would be the final game of quarterback Kurt Warner's career, and this was the only playoff game in thirteen total appearances in which he failed to throw a touchdown pass.

neg: Joseph Jefferson (American football) Joseph Jerome Jefferson, Jr. (born February 15, 1980) is a former American football cornerback in the National Football League. Before playing for the NFL, Jefferson was a standout football and basketball player at Logan County High School in Russellville, Kentucky. He was hampered by injuries his entire NFL career. The most games he ever played in a season was 10, including two postseason appearances, in 2004. Injuries made him miss the entitre 2003 season. Jefferson had 49 career tackles (38 solo, 11 assisted) and one interception. He also had one career kick return, which he returned 11 yards.

neg: List of St. Louis Cardinals owners and executives The St. Louis Cardinals, a professional baseball franchise based in St. Louis, Missouri, compete in the National League (NL) of Major League Baseball (MLB). An investment group consisting of William DeWitt, Jr., Fred Hanser, the Klingaman Group, and others, owns the St. Louis Cardinals, who bought the team from Anheuser-Busch (AB) in 1996.

neg: 2014 Major League Baseball draft The 2014 Major League Baseball (MLB) First-Year Player Draft was held from June 5 through June 7, 2014, to assign amateur baseball players to MLB teams. The first two rounds were conducted on June 5, followed by rounds three through ten on June 6, and the last 30 rounds on June 7. It was broadcast from Studio 42 of the MLB Network in Secaucus, New Jersey.

neg: Barry Raziano Barry John Raziano (born February 5, 1947) is a former professional baseball player who pitched in parts of the 1973 and 1974 seasons for the Kansas City Royals and California Angels, respectively, of Major League Baseball. Raziano was originally drafted by the New York Mets in the 47th round of the 1965 draft and was traded to Kansas City for Jerry Cram on February 1, 1973. Raziano was traded to the Angels for Vada Pinson and cash in February 1974 and made 13 appearances for them, also pitching for the Angels' AAA team at Salt Lake City in 1974 and 1975. After not pitching in 1976, his professional career ended with 20 relief appearances for the St. Louis Cardinals in AA New Orleans, 1977.

neg: 2010 Barclays New York Challenge The 2010 Barclays New York Challenge was an exhibition international club football (soccer) competition which featured football club teams from Europe and North America, and was held in July 2010. All matches were played in Red Bull Arena in Harrison, New Jersey in the United States. The tournament is part of the World Series of Soccer. Sporting CP emerged as the 2010 Barclays New York Challenge winners. Robbie Keane was named the Barclays Player of the Tournament with two goals and one assist.

neg: 1991 Fiesta Bowl The 1991 Sunkist Fiesta Bowl, part of the 1990 bowl game season, took place on January 1, 1991, at Sun Devil Stadium in Tempe, Arizona. The competing teams were the Alabama Crimson Tide, representing the Southeastern Conference (SEC), and the Louisville Cardinals, competing as a football independent. In what was the 20th anniversary of the Fiesta Bowl, Louisville won the game 34–7.

neg: Andre Ellington Andre DeAngelo Ellington (born February 3, 1989) is an American football running back for the Arizona Cardinals of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Clemson and was drafted by the Arizona Cardinals in the sixth round of the 2013 NFL Draft.

neg: New York Yankees The New York Yankees are an American professional baseball team based in the New York City borough of the Bronx. The Yankees compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) East division. They are one of two major league clubs based in New York City, the other being the New York Mets of the National League. In the 1901 season, the club began play in the AL as the Baltimore Orioles (no relation to the modern Baltimore Orioles). Frank Farrell and Bill Devery purchased the franchise (which had ceased operations) and moved it to New York City, renaming the club the New York Highlanders. The Highlanders were officially renamed the Yankees in 1913 .

neg: 2001 World Series The 2001 World Series was the 97th edition of Major League Baseball's championship series, a best-of-seven playoff between the National League (NL) champion Arizona Diamondbacks and the three-time defending World Series champions and American League (AL) champion New York Yankees. The Diamondbacks defeated the Yankees four games to three to win the best-of-seven series. Considered one of the greatest World Series of all time, memorable aspects included two extra-inning games and three late-inning comebacks. It ended on a Game 7 walk-off hit in the form of a bases-loaded blooper single off the bat of Luis Gonzalez. This was the third World Series to end in this way, following and . This was also the Yankees' fourth consecutive World Series appearance, after winning it in , , and .

neg: 2003 NFL Draft The 2003 NFL draft was the procedure by which National Football League (NFL) teams selected amateur college football players. The draft is known officially as the "NFL Annual Player Selection Meeting" and has been conducted annually since 1936. The draft was held April 26–27, 2003 at the Theatre at Madison Square Garden in New York City, New York. The league also held a supplemental draft after the regular draft and before the regular season.

neg: J. V. Cain James Victor Cain (July 22, 1951 – July 22, 1979) was a tight end in the NFL for the St. Louis Cardinals. Cain played high school football at Booker T. Washington in Houston Texas, before playing college football at Colorado. He was the 7th overall selection in the 1974 NFL players draft. Two years later, he emerged as the full-time starting tight end for the Cardinals. He died of congenital heart failure, brought out by working out in extreme heat during training camp at Lindenwood College in St. Charles, Mo. on his birthday in 1979. His number 88 is retired by the Cardinals.

neg: 2012 National League Wild Card Game The 2012 National League Wild Card Game was a play-in game during Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2012 postseason played between the National League's (NL) two wild card teams, the St. Louis Cardinals and the Atlanta Braves. It was held at Turner Field in Atlanta, on October 5, 2012, at 5:07 p.m. EDT. The Cardinals won by a 6–3 score and advanced to play the Washington Nationals in the NL Division Series. In addition to being the inaugural NL Wild Card Game, it is notable for being the final game of Chipper Jones's career, as well as for a controversial infield fly rule call made by umpire Sam Holbrook. The game was televised on TBS.

neg: Daniel Munyer Daniel Munyer (born March 4, 1992) is an American football guard for the Arizona Cardinals of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the University of Colorado and was signed by the Kansas City Chiefs as an undrafted free agent in 2015.

neg: 1914 St. Louis Cardinals season The 1914 St. Louis Cardinals season was the team's 33rd season in St. Louis, Missouri and its 23rd season in the National League. The Cardinals went 81–72 during the season and finished 3rd in the National League.

neg: 2010 Southern Nevada Coyotes baseball team The 2010 Southern Nevada Coyotes baseball team represented the College of Southern Nevada in the 2010 NJCAA baseball season. This season is most notable for their team leader, seventeen-year-old outfielder (who also got plenty of playing time as a catcher and pitcher) Bryce Harper. Harper got national attention during his only season at CSN, winning the prestigious Golden Spikes Award and becoming only the second player not from a Division I university to win the award (the other being Alex Fernandez in 1990). Behind the hitting of Harper, and the leadership of coach Tim Chambers, the Coyotes had their best season to date, with a record of 52–16, and a playoff finish as semifinalists of the JUCO World Series at Suplizio Field in Grand Junction, Colorado. Following this season, Harper would be the first overall selection in the 2010 MLB Draft. In his MLB Career with the Washington Nationals, Harper has been a multiple time All-Star the National League Rookie of the year, and the National League MVP.

neg: Tournament of Champions 2011 The Men's J. P. Morgan Tournament of Champions 2011 is the men's edition of the 2011 Tournament of Champions, which is a PSA World Series event Gold (Prize money: $115,000). The event took place at the Grand Central Terminal in New York City in the United States from 21 January to 27 January. Ramy Ashour won his second Tournament of Champions trophy, beating Nick Matthew in the final.

neg: 2017 NCAA Division I baseball season The 2017 NCAA Division I baseball season, play of college baseball in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) at the Division I level, began in February 2017. The season progressed through the regular season, many conference tournaments and championship series, and concluded with the 2017 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament and 2017 College World Series. The College World Series, consisted of the eight remaining teams in the NCAA Tournament and held annually in Omaha, Nebraska at TD Ameritrade Park Omaha, ended June 27, 2017.

neg: Norman Jefferson Norman Jefferson Jr. (born August 7, 1964) is a former cornerback in the National Football League (NFL). He was selected in the 1987 NFL draft by the Green Bay Packers. He was the last player taken, making him Mr. Irrelevant. He played two seasons with the Packers. Jefferson played college football at Louisiana State University for the LSU Tigers. He was born in Marrero, Louisiana and attended John Ehret High School.


query: Who fought the National Patriotic Front of Liberia in the Sierra Leone Civil War?

pos: Revolutionary United Front Revolutionary United Front (RUF) was a rebel army that fought a failed eleven-year war in Sierra Leone, starting in 1991 and ending in 2002. It later developed into a political party, which existed until 2007. The three most senior surviving leaders, Issa Sesay, Morris Kallon and Augustine Gbao, were convicted in February 2009 of war crimes and crimes against humanity.

pos: Sierra Leone Civil War The Sierra Leone Civil War (1991–2002) began on 23 March 1991 when the Revolutionary United Front (RUF), with support from the special forces of Charles Taylor’s National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL), intervened in Sierra Leone in an attempt to overthrow the Joseph Momoh government. The resulting civil war lasted 11 years, enveloped the country, and left over 50,000 dead.

neg: Chadian National Armed Forces The Chadian National Armed Forces ("Forces Armées Nationales Tchadiennes" or FANT) was the army of the central government of Chad from January 1983, when the President Hissène Habré's forces, in first place his personal Armed Forces of the North (FAN), were merged. Consisting of about 10,000 soldiers at that time, it swelled with the assimilation of former Chadian Armed Forces (FAT) and "codos" rebels from the south and, in 1986, with the addition of Transitional Government of National Unity (GUNT) soldiers who had turned against their Libyan allies. Freshly outfitted by France and the United States, FANT drove Libyan troops from their bases in northern Chad in a series of victories in 1987, during the Toyota War; but it dissolved defeated by the Patriotic Salvation Movement (MPS) led by Idriss Déby, who conquered the capital N'Djamena on December 2, 1990.

neg: Front for Democracy and the Republic The Front for Democracy and the Republic (French: Front pour la démocratie et la république ) is an opposition coalition in Mali that fought the presidential election on 29 April 2007 and the parliamentary election of 1 July and 22 July 2007. The FDR is an umbrella organisation, bringing together 16 independent political parties and groups. It rejected the official results of the election, according to which incumbent president Amadou Toumani Touré won with about 71% of the vote, and alleged fraud, unsuccessfully asking the Constitutional Court to annul the election. On 19 May, the leading FDR candidate, National Assembly president Ibrahim Boubacar Kéita, said that the group would abide by the court's decision to confirm Touré's victory and would concentrate on the July 2007 parliamentary election.

neg: Solomon Musa Solomon Anthony James Musa, also known as SAJ Musa, (born 1966 in Freetown, Sierra Leone – died January 1999) was an important military and political figure in the Sierra Leone Civil War.

neg: Demographics of Sierra Leone The demographics of Sierra Leone are made up of an indigenous population from 18 ethnic groups. The Temne in the north and the Mende in the South are the largest. About 60,000 are Krio, the descendants of freed slaves who returned to Sierra Leone from Great Britain, North America and slave ships captured on the high seas. In addition, about 5,000 Lebanese, 1,000 Indians, and 5,000 Europeans reside in the country.

neg: Alternative National Congress The Alternative National Congress (ANC) is a political party in Liberia.

neg: Libyan National Army The Libyan National Army is the national armed force of Libya, comprising the ground forces, the air force and the navy. It was established by the Libyan government after the first Libyan civil war (2011), as Libya's previous national army was defeated by the uprising and NATO and was disbanded.

neg: Democratic People's Congress Democratic People's Congress was a political party in Sierra Leone. It was founded in July 1965, by remaining elements of the Sierra Leone Progressive Independence Movement in Kono. DPC consisted of a generation of younger former SLPIM cadres. By the end of July DPC declared that it would work in alliance with the All People's Congress.

neg: List of companies of Liberia Liberia is a country on the West African coast. Liberia means "Land of the Free" in Latin. It is bordered by Sierra Leone to its west, Guinea to its north and Ivory Coast to its east. It covers an area of 111369 km2 and has a population of 4,503,000 people. English is the official language and over 20 indigenous languages are spoken, representing the numerous tribes who make up more than 95% of the population. The country's capital and largest city is Monrovia.

neg: Front for the Liberation of Zimbabwe The Front for the Liberation of Zimbabwe (FROLIZI) was an African nationalist organisation established in opposition to the white minority government of Rhodesia. It was announced in Lusaka, Zambia in October 1971 as a merger of the two principal African nationalist factions in Rhodesia, the Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU) and the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU). However, it was in fact a breakaway faction of both ZAPU and ZANU, established by members of both groups who had become disaffected due to their rival organisations' incessant internal and external disputes. Its domination by members of the Zezuru, a subgroup of the Shona people, led to accusations that it was merely a tribal grouping and ridicule as the "Front for the Liaison of Zezuru Intellectuals".

neg: Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy The Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy (LURD) was a rebel group in Liberia that was active from 1999 until the resignation of Charles Taylor ended the Second Liberian Civil War in 2003. While the group formally dissolved after the war, the interpersonal linkages of the civil war era remain a key force in internal Liberian politics.

neg: Patriotic Convention for Saving the Country The Patriotic Convention for Saving the Country (CPSK) is a militia in the Central African Republic.

neg: Operation Khukri Operation Khukri was a multinational operation launched in the United Nations Assistance Mission in Sierra Leone (UNAMSIL), involving India, Ghana, Britain and Nigeria. The aim of the operation was to break the two-month-long siege laid by armed cadres of the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) around two companies of 5/8th Gorkha Rifles Infantry Battalion Group at Kailahun by effecting a fighting breakout and redeploying them with the main battalion at Daru.

neg: Human trafficking in Liberia Liberia is a source, transit, and destination country for children trafficked for forced labor and sexual exploitation. Most victims are trafficked within the country, primarily from rural areas to urban areas for domestic servitude, forced street vending, and sexual exploitation. Children are also trafficked to alluvial diamond mining areas for forced labor. Refugees and internally displaced children in Liberia have been subjected to sexual exploitation by some international organization and non-governmental organization (NGO) personnel. A January 2008 United Nations (UN) report indicates, however, that such abuses by UN personnel have declined since the previous year. There have been reports that children are trafficked to Liberia from Sierra Leone, Guinea, and Côte d'Ivoire and from Liberia to Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea, and Nigeria for domestic servitude, street vending, sexual exploitation, and agricultural labor. Struggling to rebuild after 14 years of civil conflict and two years of transitional rule, the capacity of the government elected in 2005 to address trafficking is limited by a crippled judiciary and a lack of resources. Aside from capacity issues, in the wake of its war, Liberia has not been sufficiently aggressive in prosecuting traffickers or providing care to victims.

neg: United Nations Security Council Resolution 856 United Nations Security Council resolution 856, adopted unanimously on 10 August 1993, after reaffirming Resolution 813 (1993) and welcoming a peace agreement signed, under the auspices of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), between the Interim Government of National Unity of Liberia (IGNU), the National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL), and the United Liberation Movement for Democracy (ULIMO), the Council approved a dispatch of 30 military observers to Liberia.

neg: People's Armed Forces The People's Armed Forces ("Forces Armées Populaires" or FAP) was a Chadian insurgent group composed of followers of Goukouni Oueddei after the schism with Hissène Habré in 1976. With an ethnic base in the Teda clan of the Toubou from the Tibesti area of northern Chad, the force was armed by Libya and formed the largest component of the Transitional Government of National Unity (GUNT) coalition army opposing Habré. FAP troops rebelled against their Libyan allies in the latter part of 1986. Many of them were subsequently integrated into the national army, the Chadian National Armed Forces (FANT), and participated in the 1987 attempt to drive Libya out of Chadian territory.

neg: Tomendeh Tomendeh is a village in Kono District in the Eastern Province of Sierra Leone. Virtually all homes in the village were burned during the Sierra Leone civil war. The Kono make up the largest ethnic group in the village and their Kono language is most widely spoken language in the village.

neg: Front of Patriotic Action The Front of Patriotic Action (Portuguese: "Frente de Ação Patriotica" ) is a political party in Mozambique.

neg: Viet Cong The Việt Cộng (] ), also known as the National Liberation Front, was a communist political organization with its own army – the People's Liberation Armed Forces of South Vietnam (PLAF) – in South Vietnam and Cambodia that fought the United States and South Vietnamese governments, eventually emerging on the winning side. It had both guerrilla and regular army units, as well as a network of cadres who organized peasants in the territory it controlled. Many soldiers were recruited in South Vietnam, but others were attached to the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN), the regular North Vietnamese army. During the war, communists and anti-war activists insisted the Việt Cộng was an insurgency indigenous to the South, while the U.S. and South Vietnamese governments portrayed the group as a tool of Hanoi. Although the terminology distinguishes northerners from the southerners, communist forces were under a single command structure set up in 1958.

neg: Karen National Liberation Army The Karen National Liberation Army (Burmese: ကရင်အမျိုးသား လွတ်မြောက်ရေး တပ်မတော် ; abbreviated KNLA) is the military branch of the Karen National Union (KNU), which campaigns for the self-determination of the Karen people of Myanmar (Burma). The KNLA has been fighting the Burmese government since 1949.

neg: Sierra Leone Police The Sierra Leone Police (SLP) is the national police force of the Republic of Sierra Leone, that is primarily responsible for law enforcement and crime investigation throughout Sierra Leone. The heavily armed unit of the Sierra Leone Police is known as the Operations Support Division, widely known as OSD, which is primarily responsible to put down riot, violence protest, and severely violence activities.


query: What is the name of the belief among native Americans influenced by Vine Deloria Jr. that rejects the flood myth with Noah and the Ark?

pos: Vine Deloria Jr. Vine Victor Deloria Jr. (March 26, 1933 – November 13, 2005) was a Native American author, theologian, historian, and activist. He was widely known for his book "Custer Died for Your Sins: An Indian Manifesto" (1969), which helped generate national attention to Native American issues in the same year as the Alcatraz-Red Power Movement. From 1964 to 1967, he had served as executive director of the National Congress of American Indians, increasing tribal membership from 19 to 156. Beginning in 1977, he was a board member of the National Museum of the American Indian, which now has buildings in both New York City and Washington, DC. He was influential in the development of what scientific critics called American Indian creationism, but which American Indians referred to as defenses against scientific racism.

pos: American Indian creationism American Indian creationism refers to a belief among Native Americans that rejects the scientific theory of evolution and other scientific ideas of human origins, arguing that American Indians originated in North America. It has deep roots in Indian tradition and religion. Vine Deloria, Jr., an American Indian author, theologian, historian, and activist, was influential in its recent development. According to the Wikipedia article “Flood Myth,” a very common factor that is present in most American Indian creation stories is the deluge. Usually the deluge, or great flood, is used to form the Earth or to rebirth the Earth. Just like the story in the Bible with Noah and the Ark, oftentimes in American Indian creation stories, the flood is used to cleanse the Earth and re-purify it. The website “Oral Tradition,” explains how oral tradition is extremely important to Indian culture. If there was no oral tradition, there would be no story telling; therefore, no one would know these creation stories today. Often, these stories were used for amusement in the tribes or to learn the origin of his or her clan. Outside sources, such as the website “Native American Myths of Creation”, and the book “The Myths and Legends of the Pima” written by William Lloyd, provides the creation myths of certain American Indian tribes in order to give insight to their beliefs.

neg: Miami people The Miami (Miami-Illinois: "Myaamiaki") are a Native American nation originally speaking one of the Algonquian languages. Among the peoples known as the Great Lakes tribes, it occupied territory that is now identified as Indiana, southwest Michigan, and western Ohio. By 1846, most of the Miami had been removed to Indian Territory (now Oklahoma). The Miami Tribe of Oklahoma is the only federally recognized tribe of Miami Indians in the United States. The Miami Nation of Indiana is an unrecognized tribe.

neg: Temple Denial Temple Denial refers to the assertion that none of the Temples in Jerusalem ever existed or were not located on the Temple Mount. Israeli writer David Hazony has described the phenomenon as "a campaign of intellectual erasure [by Palestinian leaders, writers, and scholars] ... aimed at undermining the Jewish claim to any part of the land", and compared the phenomenon to Holocaust denial. Daniel Levin calls Temple denial a "relatively new phenomenon" that "has become a central tenet of Palestinian nationalism". He stated: "The Islamic land trust is destroying Judeo-Christian ruins beneath the Temple Mount so as to deny any connection between Judaism and Christianity and Jerusalem."

neg: Animistic fallacy The animistic fallacy is the informal fallacy of arguing that an event or situation necessarily arose because someone intentionally acted to cause it. While it could be that someone set out to effect a specific goal, the fallacy appears in an argument that states this "must" be the case. The name of the fallacy comes from the animistic belief that changes in the physical world are the work of conscious spirits.

neg: Philippine mythology Philippine mythology is the body of myths, tales, and superstitions held by Filipinos, mostly originating from beliefs held during the pre-Hispanic era. Some of these beliefs stem from pre-Christian religions and were regarded by the Spanish as "myth" in an effort to de-legitimize pre-colonial Animism. Today, some of these myths are still held by Filipinos, especially in the provinces.

neg: Kuksu (religion) Kuksu, also called the Kuksu Cult, was a religion in Northern California practiced by members within several Indigenous peoples of California before and during contact with the arriving European settlers. The religious belief system was held by several tribes in Central California and Northern California, from the Sacramento Valley west to the Pacific Ocean.

neg: Mangarevan narrative Mangarevan narrative (or Mangarevan mythology) comprises the legends, historical tales, and sayings of the ancient Mangarevan people. It is considered a variant of a more general Polynesian narrative, developing its own unique character for several centuries before the 1830s. The religion was officially suppressed in the 19th century, and ultimately abandoned by the natives in favor of Roman Catholicism. The Mangarevan term for god was "Etua".

neg: Hopewell tradition The Hopewell tradition (also called the Hopewell culture) describes the common aspects of the Native American culture that flourished along rivers in the northeastern and midwestern United States from 200 BC to 500 AD, in the Middle Woodland period. The Hopewell tradition was not a single culture or society, but a widely dispersed set of related populations. They were connected by a common network of trade routes, known as the Hopewell exchange system.

neg: Native American jewelry Native American jewelry refers to items of personal adornment, whether for personal use, sale or as art; examples of which might include necklaces, earrings, bracelets, rings and pins, as well as ketohs, wampum, and labrets, made by one of the Indigenous peoples of the United States. Native American jewelry normally reflects the cultural diversity and history of its makers, but tribal groups have often borrowed and copied designs and methods from other, neighboring tribes or nations with which they had trade, and this practice continues today. Native American tribes continue to develop distinct aesthetics rooted in their personal artistic visions and cultural traditions. Artists may create jewelry for adornment, ceremonies, and display, or for sale or trade. Lois Sherr Dubin writes, "[i]n the absence of written languages, adornment became an important element of Indian communication, conveying many levels of information." Later, jewelry and personal adornment "...signaled resistance to assimilation. It remains a major statement of tribal and individual identity."

neg: Belief Belief is the state of mind in which a person thinks something to be the case, with or without there being empirical evidence to prove that something is the case with factual certainty. Another way of defining belief sees it as a mental representation of an attitude positively oriented towards the likelihood of something being true. In the context of Ancient Greek thought, two related concepts were identified with regards to the concept of belief: "pistis" and "doxa". Simplified, we may say that "pistis" refers to "trust" and "confidence", while "doxa" refers to "opinion" and "acceptance". The English word "orthodoxy" derives from "doxa". Jonathan Leicester suggests that belief has the purpose of guiding action rather than indicating truth.

neg: Aztlán Aztlán (from Nahuatl: "Aztlān" , ] ) is the legendary ancestral home of the Aztec peoples. "Aztecah" is the Nahuatl word for "people from Aztlan". The place Aztlan is mentioned in several ethnohistorical sources dating from the colonial period, and each of them give different lists of the different tribal groups who participated in the migration from Aztlan to central Mexico, but the Mexica who went on to found Mexico-Tenochtitlan are mentioned in all of the accounts. Historians have speculated about the possible location of Aztlan and tend to place it either in northwestern Mexico or the southwest US, although there are doubts about whether the place is purely mythical or represents a historical reality.

neg: Halchidhoma traditional narratives Halchidhoma traditional narratives include myths, legends, tales, and oral histories preserved by the Halchidhoma people who formerly lived along the lower Colorado River in southeastern California and western Arizona.

neg: Pima people The Pima (or Akimel O'odham, also spelled Akimel O'otham, "River People", formerly known as "Pima") are a group of Native Americans living in an area consisting of what is now central and southern Arizona. The majority population of the surviving two bands of the Akimel O'odham are based in two reservations: the "Keli Akimel O'otham" on the Gila River Indian Community (GRIC) and the "On'k Akimel O'odham" on the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community (SRPMIC).

neg: Great flood and procreation The Great Flood theme, in which a flood almost wipes out the entire human race followed by the procreation of a brother and sister pair to repopulate the earth, is a popular mythological theme in China. Chen Jianxian (1996) said that this theme was one of the more popular legends which was still being told by more than 40 ethnics in China. There is a possibility that the myth is newer than the other Chinese great flood mythologies, because the oldest recorded sources about this myth were from Six Dynasties, save that the oral tradition maybe much older. The myth narrates a brother and sister incest and often confused with the myth of Nüwa and Fuxi (Shan Hai Jing described both the divine ancestors as brother and sister who married each other to populated the earth with human beings). Another version paired Pangu with his unnamed sister as the main characters of this myth.

neg: Native American identity in the United States Native American identity in the United States is an evolving topic based on the struggle to define "Native American" or "(American) Indian" both for people who consider themselves Native American and for people who do not. Some people seek an identity that will provide for a stable definition for legal, social, and personal purposes. There are a number of different factors which have been used to define "Indianness," and the source and potential use of the definition play a role in what definition is used. Facets which characterize "Indianness" include culture, society, genes/biology, law, and self-identity. An important question is whether the definition should be dynamic and changeable across time and situation, or whether it is possible to define "Indianness" in a static way. The dynamic definitions may be based in how Indians adapt and adjust to dominant society, which may be called an "oppositional process" by which the boundaries between Indians and the dominant groups are maintained. Another reason for dynamic definitions is the process of "ethnogenesis", which is the process by which the ethnic identity of the group is developed and renewed as social organizations and cultures evolve. The question of identity, especially aboriginal identity, is common in many societies worldwide.

neg: Frontier myth The frontier myth or myth of the West is a term given to the popular romanticization of the Wild West frontier.

neg: Mesoamerican flood myths A large number of Mesoamerican flood myths have been documented in written form or passed down through in oral tradition. Some clearly have Christian influences, but others are believed by scholars to represent native flood myths of pre-Columbian origin.

neg: Alcohol and Native Americans Native Americans in the United States have historically had extreme difficulty with the use of alcohol. Problems continue among contemporary Native Americans; 12% of the deaths among Native Americans and Alaska Natives are alcohol-related. Use of alcohol varies by age, gender and tribe with women, and older women in particular, being least likely to be regular drinkers. Native Americans, particularly women, are more likely to abstain entirely from alcohol than the general US population. Frequency of use among Native Americans is generally less than the general population, but the quantity consumed when it is consumed is generally greater.

neg: Genesis flood narrative The Genesis flood narrative (chapters 6–9 in the Book of Genesis) is the Hebrew flood myth. The story tells of God's decision to return the Earth to its pre-creation state of watery chaos and then remake it in a reversal of creation.

neg: Ahul Ahul is a Native American mythological figure of the Hopi people. He is the god of such things as the afterlife, germs, the sun, and the sky.

neg: Asdiwal Asdiwal is a Native American mythological figure from the beliefs of the Tsimshian people, Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast. Franz Boas first reported back on the myth.


query: Turner, Montana, is located on Montana State Highway 241, 41.5 miles east-northeast of what city whose population was 1,203 at the 2010 census?

pos: Turner, Montana Turner is a census-designated place and unincorporated community in Blaine County, Montana, United States. Turner is located on Montana State Highway 241 41.5 mi east-northeast of Chinook. Its population was 61 as of the 2010 census. Turner has a post office with ZIP code 59542; it also has an airport, Turner Airport. Turner is the farthest community in the continental U.S. from a Major League Baseball park; it lies 646.93 mi from Safeco Field in Seattle, the nearest park.

pos: Chinook, Montana Chinook is a city in and the county seat of Blaine County, Montana, United States. The population was 1,203 at the 2010 census. Points of interest are the Bear Paw Battlefield Museum located in the small town's center and the Bear Paw Battlefield, located just twenty miles south of Chinook.

neg: Livingston, Montana Livingston is a city and the county seat of Park County, Montana, United States. Livingston is located in southwestern Montana, on the Yellowstone River, north of Yellowstone National Park. The population was 7,044 at the 2010 census.

neg: Thompson Falls, Montana Thompson Falls is a city in and the county seat of Sanders County, Montana, United States. The population was 1,313 at the 2010 census.

neg: New Cordell, Oklahoma New Cordell is a city in, and county seat of, Washita County, Oklahoma, United States. It lies along U.S. Route 183. The population was 2,915 at the 2010 census. The community was previously established a few miles from the current site, but was moved about 1900. It was named for a U.S. Postal Service employee in Washington D. C., Wayne W. Cordell. The official name is New Cordell, though it is now commonly called Cordell.

neg: Hines, Oregon Hines is a city in Harney County, Oregon, United States. The population was 1,563 at the 2010 census.

neg: Montana Highway 25 Montana Highway 25 is a state highway located in the U.S. State of Montana in the east part of the state.

neg: Bakersfield, Vermont Bakersfield is a town in Franklin County, Vermont, United States. The population was 1,322 at the 2010 census.

neg: Carlton, Montana Carlton is a census-designated place (CDP) in Missoula County, Montana, United States. The population was 694 at the 2010 census.

neg: Naylor, Missouri Naylor is a city in Ripley County, Missouri, United States. The population was 632 at the 2010 census.

neg: Parker, South Dakota Parker is a city in Turner County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 1,024 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Turner County. It is bordered on its eastern side by South Dakota State Highway 19. Its northern side is bordered by South Dakota State Highway 44. It is about 8 miles northwest of Chancellor, 42 miles east of Parkston, and 41 miles south of Madison.

neg: Montana Highway 80 Highway 80 in the U.S. State of Montana is a route running in a northerly direction from an intersection with U.S. Route 87 at the community of Stanford. The highway extends approximately 62 mi to a northern terminus at the town of Fort Benton. The landscape is hilly and rural, and largely used for wheat farming; the road also passes through Arrow Creek Canyon and near the Highwood Mountains. Between Arrow Creek and Geraldine Highway 80 is roughly paralleled by the main line of Central Montana Rail.

neg: Sayre, Oklahoma Sayre is a city in and the county seat of Beckham County, in western Oklahoma, United States. It is halfway between Oklahoma City, and Amarillo, Texas, on Interstate 40 and the former U.S. Route 66. The population was 4,375 at the 2010 census, the largest recorded by a census since Sayre's founding. It was an increase of 6.3 percent from the 2000 census.

neg: Marion, Montana Marion is a census-designated place and unincorporated community in Flathead County, Montana, United States. Its population was 886 as of the 2010 census. Marion has a post office with ZIP code 59925.

neg: Logan, Kansas Logan is a city in Phillips County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 589.

neg: Winnett, Montana Winnett is a town in and the county seat of Petroleum County, Montana, United States. The population was 182 at the 2010 census.

neg: Browning, Montana Browning (originally Browning Indian Agency) is a town in Glacier County, Montana. It is the headquarters for the Blackfeet Indian Reservation and the only incorporated town on the Reservation. The population was 1,016 at the 2010 United States Census.

neg: Hansen, Idaho Hansen is a city in Twin Falls County, Idaho, United States. The population was 1,144 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Twin Falls, Idaho Micropolitan Statistical Area.

neg: Belt, Montana Belt is a town in Cascade County, Montana, United States. The population was 597 according to the 2010 census. It is part of the Great Falls, Montana metropolitan area.

neg: Park City, Utah Park City is a city in Summit County, Utah, United States. It is considered to be part of the Wasatch Back. The city is 32 mi southeast of downtown Salt Lake City and 20 mi from Salt Lake City's east edge of Sugar House along Interstate 80. The population was 7,558 at the 2010 census. On average, the tourist population greatly exceeds the number of permanent residents.

neg: Weeksville, Montana Weeksville is a census-designated place (CDP) in Sanders County, Montana. The population was 83 at the 2010 census.

neg: Helena, Georgia Helena is a city in Telfair and Wheeler counties in the U.S. state of Georgia. The population was 2,883 at the 2010 census, up from 2,307 in 2000 and 1,256 in 1990. The population increase accompanied establishment of the McRae Correctional Institution, which provided new jobs. The prison population is counted as well. On January 1, 2015, Helena and the adjacent city (and Telfair County seat) of McRae merged to form McRae-Helena.


query: Are Witch-hazel and Bikkia endemic to North America?

pos: Witch-hazel Witch-hazels ("Hamamelis," ) are a genus of flowering plants in the family Hamamelidaceae, with four species in North America ("H. mexicana", "H. ovalis", "H. virginiana", and "H. vernalis"), and one each in Japan ("H. japonica") and China ("H. mollis"). The North American species are occasionally called winterbloom.

pos: Bikkia Bikkia is a genus of flowering plants in the Rubiaceae family. It is native to the Philippines, the Maluku region of eastern Indonesia, New Guinea and the western Pacific (Melanesia and Micronesia). The genus was named by Caspar Reinwardt in 1825. Seven of the New Caledonian species previously included in "Bikkia" were transferred to a separate genus, "Thiollierea", in 2011 based on molecular and morphological information.

neg: Trichocladus ellipticus Trichocladus ellipticus is a species in the genus "Trichocladus", in the family Hamamelidaceae. It is also called white witch-hazel.

neg: Boisea Boisea is the least speciose genus of the soapberry bug subfamily. Members of this genus are found in North America, India, and Africa. Unlike other serinethine genera, the distribution of "Boisea" is very patchy; it is speculated that its highly vicariant range is relictual of what was previously a much vaster, continuous range. The most well-known species of this genus are the North American boxelder bugs (western "Boisea rubrolineata" and eastern "Boisea trivittata") and African "Boisea fulcrata". The US species mainly feed on the seeds of Maple trees and are occasional nuisance pests around homes.

neg: Panicum capillare Panicum capillare, known by the common name witchgrass, is a species of grass. It is native plant to most of North America from the East Coast through all of the West Coast and California. It can be found as an introduced species in Eurasia, and as a weed in gardens and landscaped areas. It grows in many types of habitat.

neg: Sabal bermudana Sabal bermudana, commonly known as the Bermuda palmetto or bibby-tree, is one of 15 species of palm trees in the genus "Sabal" and is endemic to Bermuda although reportedly naturalized in the Leeward Islands. It was greatly affected by the introduction of non-native plants such as the Chinese fan palm, which created competition for space that it usually lost.

neg: Beech Beech ("Fagus") is a genus of deciduous trees in the family Fagaceae, native to temperate Europe, Asia and North America. Recent classification systems of the genus recognize ten to thirteen species in two distinct subgenera, "Engleriana" and "Fagus". The "Engleriana" subgenus is found only in East Asia, and is notably distinct from the "Fagus" subgenus in that these beeches are low-branching trees, often made up of several major trunks with yellowish bark. Further differentiating characteristics include the whitish bloom on the underside of the leaves, the visible tertiary leaf veins, and a long, smooth cupule-peduncle. "Fagus japonica", "Fagus engleriana", and the species "F. okamotoi", proposed by the botanist Chung-Fu Shen in 1992, comprise this subgenus. The better known "Fagus" subgenus beeches are high-branching with tall, stout trunks and smooth silver-grey bark. This group includes "Fagus sylvatica", "Fagus grandifolia", "Fagus crenata", "Fagus lucida", "Fagus longipetiolata", and "Fagus hayatae". The classification of the European beech, "Fagus sylvatica" is complex, with a variety of different names proposed for different species and subspecies within this region (for example "Fagus taurica", "Fagus orientalis", and "Fagus moesica"). Research suggests that beeches in Eurasia differentiated fairly late in evolutionary history, during the Miocene. The populations in this area represent a range of often overlapping morphotypes, though genetic analysis does not clearly support separate species.

neg: Quercus myrtifolia Quercus myrtifolia (myrtle oak) is a North American species of oaks in the beech family. It is native to the southeastern United States (Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina). It is often found in coastal areas on sandy soils.

neg: Trema micrantha Trema micrantha, common name Jamaican nettletree or guacimilla, is a plant species native to warmer parts of the Western Hemisphere. It has been reported from Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Belize, Bolivia, Argentina, Nicaragua, Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Guiana, the Virgin Islands, Guyana, Honduras, Panamá, Venezuela, Suriname, Perú, Paraguay, Jamaica, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and southern Florida. Within the State of Florida, it has been collected in 10 counties: Monroe, Miami-Dade, Lee, Broward, Palm Beach, Collier, Hendry, Martin, Sarasota and Pinellas.

neg: Eurybia sibirica Eurybia sibirica, commonly known as the Siberian aster or arctic aster, is an herbaceous perennial native to north western North America and northern Eurasia. It is found largely in open areas of subarctic boreal forests, though it is also found in a wide variety of habitats in the region. It is similar in appearance to "Eurybia merita", but their ranges overlap only near the border between the US and Canada, where "E. sibirica" is generally found at higher elevations.

neg: Lygropia rivulalis Lygropia rivulalis, the bog lygropia moth, is a moth of the Crambidae family. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Arizona, California, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Ontario, Pennsylvania, Quebec, South Carolina, Tennessee, West Virginia and Wisconsin. The habitat consists of boggy or wet areas.

neg: Quercus bicolor Quercus bicolor, the swamp white oak, is a North American species of medium-sized trees in the beech family. It is a common element of America's north central and northeastern mixed forests. It can survive in a variety of habitats. It forms hybrids with bur oak where they occur together in the wild.

neg: Blephilia Blephilia ("Downy Pagoda Plant" or "Wood Mint") is a genus of three species of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae. They are all herbaceous plants native to eastern North America. The species are most often found in thin woods and in granite and limestone soils. "Blephilia hirsuta" and "Blephilia ciliata" are considered threatened or endangered in some states.

neg: Glycyrrhiza lepidota Glycyrrhiza lepidota (American licorice) is a species of "Glycyrrhiza" (a genus in the pea/bean family, Fabaceae) native to most of North America, from central Canada south through the United States to California, Texas and Virginia, but absent from the southeastern states. It is also sometimes known in the United States as "wild licorice", to distinguish it from the related European liquorice ("Glycyrrhiza glabra") which is occasionally cultivated.

neg: Salbia haemorrhoidalis The Lantana Leaftier ("Salbia haemorrhoidalis") is a moth of the Crambidae family. It is native to South America, Central America, the Antilles and the southern United States, but has been introduced in Hawaii in 1956, Queensland in 1958 and Mauritius to control "Lantana".

neg: Spathius agrili Spathius agrili is a parasitic non-stinging wasp of family Braconidae which is native to North Asia. It is a parasitoid of the emerald ash borer ("Agrilus planipennis" Fairmaire, family Buprestidae), an invasive species which has destroyed tens of millions of ash trees in its introduced range in North America. As part of the campaign against the emerald ash borer (EAB), American scientists in conjunction with the Chinese Academy of Forestry searched since 2003 for its natural enemies in the wild leading to the discovery of several parasitoid wasps, including "Spathius agrili" which was discovered in Tianjin, China where it is a prevalent gregarious ectoparasitoid of EAB larvae in stands of "Fraxinus velutina", an ash species native to Mexico and southwestern U.S.A., and one ash tree endemic to the region, "Fraxinus mandshurica" and has been recorded to attack and kill up to 90 percent of EAB larvae.

neg: Staphylea trifolia Staphylea trifolia, the American bladdernut, is native to eastern North America, from southern Ontario and southwestern Quebec west to Nebraska and Arkansas, and south to Florida.

neg: Triclonella bicoloripennis Triclonella bicoloripennis is a moth in the Cosmopterigidae family. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina and Texas.

neg: Beech bark disease Beech bark disease is a disease that causes mortality and defects in beech trees in the eastern United States and Europe. In North America, the disease occurs after extensive bark invasion by the beech scale insect, "Cryptococcus fagisuga". Through a presently unknown mechanism, excessive feeding by this insect causes two different fungi ("Neonectria faginata" (previously "Nectria coccinea var. faginata") and "Neonectria ditissima" (previously "Nectria galligena")) to produce annual cankers on the bark of the tree. The continuous formation of lesions around the tree eventually girdles it, resulting in canopy death. In Europe, "N. coccinea" is the primary fungus causing the infection. Infection in European trees occurs in the same manner as it does in North American trees. Though the disease still appears in Europe, it is less serious today than it once was.

neg: Devil's club Devil's club or devil's walking stick (Oplopanax horridus, Araliaceae; syn. "Echinopanax horridus", "Fatsia horrida") is a large understory shrub endemic to the arboreal rainforests of the pacific northwest, but also disjunct on islands in Lake Superior. It is noted for its large palmate leaves and erect, woody stems covered in noxious and irritating spines. It is also known as Alaskan ginseng and similar names, although it is not a true ginseng.

neg: Nothofagus pumilio Nothofagus pumilio ("lenga beech" in Mapuche language) is a deciduous tree or shrub in the Nothofagaceae family that is native to the southern Andes range, in the temperate forests of Chile and Argentina to Tierra del Fuego, from 35° to 56° South latitude. This tree is in the same genus as the coihue. It regenerates easily after fires. The wood is of good quality, moderate durability, and is easy to work with. It is used in furniture, shingles and construction and sometimes as a substitute for American black cherry in the manufacturing of cabinets.

neg: Neottia bifolia Neottia bifolia (syn. Listera australis), common name southern twayblade, is a species of terrestrial orchid found in eastern Canada (from Nova Scotia to Ontario) and the eastern United States (from Florida west to eastern Texas and north to Vermont).