query: Which Supreme Court case was ruled on first; Glossip v. Gross or New Negro Alliance v. Sanitary Grocery Co.?

pos: Glossip v. Gross Glossip v. Gross, No. 14-7955, 576 U.S. ___ (2015) was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held, 5–4, that lethal injections using midazolam do not constitute cruel and unusual punishment under the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The Court found that condemned prisoners can only challenge their method of execution after providing a known and available alternative method.

pos: New Negro Alliance v. Sanitary Grocery Co. New Negro Alliance v. Sanitary Grocery Co., 303 US 552 (1938) was a landmark United States Supreme Court decision, which affects US labor law, safeguarding a right to boycott and in the struggle by African Americans against discriminatory hiring practices.

neg: Samuel R. Lowery Samuel R. Lowery (December 9, 1830-c1900) was an African American preacher and lawyer, who was the first black lawyer to argue a case before the Supreme Court of the United States of America. Lowery was sponsored to the Supreme Court Bar by Belva Ann Lockwood, the first woman admitted to the bar, in 1880. Lowery was the fifth black attorney to be admitted to the bar. Later in his life, he worked for African American industrial education and attempted to establish silk farming in Alabama.

neg: Louisiana v. United States (1965) Louisiana v. United States, 380 U.S. 145 (1965) , was a case decided by the Supreme Court of the United States that dealt with an "interpretation test" permitted by the Louisiana Constitution of 1921 alleged to deprive Louisiana Negroes of voting rights in violation of 42 U.S.C. Section 1971(a) and the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments.

neg: E. D. Nixon Edgar Daniel Nixon (July 12, 1899 – February 25, 1987), known as E. D. Nixon, was an African-American civil rights leader and union organizer in Alabama who played a crucial role in organizing the landmark Montgomery Bus Boycott there in 1955. The boycott highlighted the issues of segregation in the South, was upheld for more than a year by black residents, and nearly brought the city-owned bus system to bankruptcy. It ended in December 1956, after the United States Supreme Court ruled in the related case, "Browder v. Gayle" (1956), that the local and state laws were unconstitutional, and ordered the state to end bus segregation.

neg: Liberty Oil Co. v. Condon National Bank Liberty Oil Co. v. Condon National Bank, 260 U.S. 235 (1922), was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States dealing with civil procedure and the nature of taking an appeal from the United States District Court.

neg: Simkins v. Moses H. Cone Memorial Hospital Simkins v. Cone, 323 F.2d 959 (1963), was a federal case, reaching the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals, which held that "separate but equal" racial segregation in publicly funded hospitals was a violation of equal protection under the United States Constitution.

neg: Rosen v. United States Rosen v. United States, 161 U.S. 29 (1896) , was a case decided by the United States Supreme Court dealing with the concept of obscenity. In a decision written by Justice Harlan, the Court upheld the conviction of the defendant to 13 months hard labor and a fine of $1 for allegedly using the United States Postal Service to send material that was deemed "obscene, lewd and lascivious".

neg: Hansberry v. Lee Hansberry v. Lee, 311 U.S. 32 (1940) , is a famous case now usually known in civil procedure for teaching that "res judicata" may not bind a subsequent plaintiff who had no opportunity to be represented in the earlier civil action. The facts of the case dealt with a racially restrictive covenant that barred African Americans from purchasing or leasing land in the Washington Park Subdivision of Chicago's Woodlawn neighborhood. The covenant had been upheld in a prior class action lawsuit, which had included Lee, along with all the other neighborhood landowners, as members of the class. The defense in the present case argued that Carl Augustus Hansberry (father of Lorraine Hansberry) could not contest the covenant because it had already been deemed valid by the courts in the prior lawsuit.

neg: United States v. Carolene Products Co. United States v. Carolene Products Company, 304 U.S. 144 (1938), was an April 25, 1938 decision by the United States Supreme Court. The case contains for its famous "Footnote Four" in which the Court established the system of heightened scrutiny for laws targeting "discrete and insular minorities," compared with the lower scrutiny applied for economic regulations, as in this case.

neg: Lee v. Washington Lee v. Washington, 390 U.S. 333 (1968), is a United States Supreme Court decision that upheld an appeals court decision to forbid segregation of public prisons.

neg: Stanley v. Georgia Stanley v. Georgia, 394 U.S. 557 (1969) , was a United States Supreme Court decision that helped to establish an implied "right to privacy" in U.S. law, in the form of mere possession of obscene materials.

neg: R v Carto R v Carto is an important case in South African law, heard in the Eastern Districts Local Division on March 12, 1917, with judgment handed down on March 17. Graham JP (who wrote the judgment) and Sampson J were the presiding officers. It is significant for its contribution to the principle of legality, with its stipulation that "to render any act criminal in our law, there must be some punishment affixed to the commission of the act," and that "where no law exists affixing such punishment there is no crime in law."

neg: District of Columbia v. John R. Thompson Co. District of Columbia v. John R. Thompson Co. Inc., 346 U.S. 100 (1953), is a United States Supreme Court case which began on April 30, 1953 over the validity of the local Washington Acts of 1872 and 1873. The Acts prohibited segregation in public places within the District. With the court’s support, the legal ramifications of the 1872 and 1873 Acts could once again be enforced. The case transpired during growing racial tension in the nation’s capital. Throughout Washington, the black community had grown tired of unfair treatment regarding housing, businesses, and education. But, change came soon enough through the courts. On June 8, 1953, the Supreme Court unanimously ruled that the segregating policies practiced by Thompson’s Cafeteria were illegal, marking a huge victory for the national black community.

neg: Holmes v. Ford Holmes v. Ford was an American court case in the Oregon Territory that freed a slave family in the territory in 1853. The decision re-affirmed that slavery was illegal in the territory as outlined in the Organic Laws of Oregon that were continued once the region became a U.S. territory. In the decision, Chief Justice of the Oregon Territorial Supreme Court George H. Williams ruled against Nathaniel Ford, freeing the children of Polly and Robin Holmes.

neg: Central Green Co. v. United States Central Green Co. v. United States, 531 U.S. 425 (2001), was a United States Supreme Court case decided in 2001. The case concerned the meaning of the words "flood or flood waters" within the Flood Control Act of 1928. The Court concluded that the law did not always apply to federal flood control facilities.

neg: Davenport v. Washington Education Ass'n Davenport v. Washington Education Association, 551 U.S. 177 (2007), is a ruling by the Supreme Court of the United States in which the Court held that it does not violate the First Amendment for a state to require its public-sector unions to receive affirmative authorization from a non-member before spending that nonmember's agency fees for election-related purposes.

neg: American Communications Ass'n v. Douds American Communications Association v. Douds, 339 U.S. 382 (1950) , is a 5-to-1 ruling by the United States Supreme Court which held that the Taft–Hartley Act's imposition of an anti-communist oath on labor union leaders does not violate the First Amendment to the United States Constitution, is not an "ex post facto" law or bill of attainder in violation of of the United States Constitution, and is not a "test oath" in violation of Article Six of the Constitution.

neg: Pace v. Alabama Pace v. Alabama, 106 U.S. 583 (1883), was a case in which the United States Supreme Court affirmed that Alabama's anti-miscegenation statute was constitutional. This ruling was rejected by the Supreme Court in 1964 in "McLaughlin v. Florida" and in 1967 in "Loving v. Virginia". "Pace v. Alabama" is possibly the first recorded interracial sex court case in America.

neg: Mexicali Rose v. Superior Court Mexicali Rose v. Superior Court, 1 Cal. 4th 67 (1992), was a Supreme Court of California case in which the court’s decision held that restaurants, grocery stores, and other food service establishments in California can be held liable for injuries sustained by patrons from foreign objects—including natural food parts—that are left in food.

neg: One, Inc. v. Olesen One, Inc. v. Olesen 355 U.S. 371 (January 13, 1958) is a landmark United States Supreme Court decision for LGBT rights in the United States. It was the first U.S. Supreme Court ruling to deal with homosexuality and the first to address free speech rights with respect to homosexuality.

neg: FTC v. Dean Foods Co. FTC v. Dean Foods Co, 384 U.S. 597 (1966) , is a 1966 decision of the United States Supreme Court holding that the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) may sue in federal court to obtain a preliminary injunction to maintain the status quo against the consummation of a merger that the agency persuasively contends violates the antitrust laws.


query: Are both Curacao Punch and the Breakfast martini from Harry Johnson's New and Improved Bartender's Manual?

pos: Curacao Punch Curacao Punch is a cocktail that comes from Harry Johnson's New and Improved Bartender's Manual (1882). Dale DeGroff, a notable bartender and author of The Craft of the Cocktail (Clarkson Potter, 2002), holds this to be his favorite forgotten potation.

pos: Breakfast martini A breakfast martini is a form of cocktail created by bartender Salvatore Calabrese. The most famous "marmalade cocktail", it is a gin martini with marmalade, orange liqueur, and lemon juice in place of vermouth.

neg: Hemingway Special A Hemingway Special is an all day cocktail based on the Floridita Daiquiri and is recognised by the IBA.

neg: Pink Squirrel The Pink Squirrel is a cocktail made of

neg: Hennchata The Hennchata is a cocktail consisting of Hennessy cognac and Mexican rice horchata agua fresca. It was invented by a restaurant owner in San Jose, California.

neg: Gin and tonic A gin and tonic is a highball cocktail made with gin and tonic water poured over ice. It is usually garnished with a slice or wedge of lime. The amount of gin varies according to taste. Suggested ratios of gin to tonic are between 1:1 and 1:3.

neg: Sex on the Beach Sex on the Beach is a cocktail that has many variations.

neg: Wine cocktail A wine cocktail is a mixed drink, similar to a true cocktail. It is made predominantly with wine (including Champagne and Prosecco), into which distilled alcohol or other drink mixer is combined.

neg: Tonic water Tonic water (or Indian tonic water) is a carbonated soft drink in which quinine is dissolved. Originally used as a prophylactic against malaria, tonic water usually now has a significantly lower quinine content and is consumed for its distinctive bitter flavour. It is often used in mixed drinks, particularly in gin and tonic.

neg: Drink mixer Drink mixers are the non-alcoholic ingredients in mixed drinks and cocktails. There are many reasons mixers are used. They change or enhance flavors or add new ones to a drink. Mixers dilute the drink, lowering the alcohol by volume in the drink. They may make the drink sweeter, more sour, or more savory. Some mixers change the texture or consistency of the drink, making it thicker or more watery. Drink mixers may also be used strictly for decorative purposes by changing the color or appearance of the drink.

neg: Switchel Switchel, also switzel, swizzle, ginger-water, haymaker's punch or switchy, is a drink made of water mixed with vinegar, and often seasoned with ginger. Honey, sugar, brown sugar, or maple syrup were sometimes used to sweeten the drink instead of molasses. In the U.S. state of Vermont, oatmeal and lemon juice were sometimes added to the beverage.

neg: Derek Brown (mixologist) Derek Brown (born September 21, 1974) is an American entrepreneur, writer and bartender (a term he prefers to mixologist). In addition to being a leader in the classic cocktail movement, he is an expert on the history and culture of spirits and drinks. Brown travels the world teaching seminars on the importance of alcohol in shaping our society, and learning about regional and local variations of spirits and drinks. He owns bars Columbia Room, The Passenger, Mockingbird Hill, Eat the Rich, and Southern Efficiency in Washington, D.C..

neg: Sloe gin Sloe gin is a red liqueur made with gin and sloe (blackthorn) drupes, which are a small fruit relative of the plum. Sloe gin has an alcohol content between 15 and 30 percent by volume. However, the European Union has established a minimum of 25% ABV for sloe gin to be named as such. The traditional way of making sloe gin is to soak the sloes in gin. Sugar is required to ensure the sloe juice is extracted from the fruit.

neg: Ward 8 (cocktail) The Ward 8 or Ward Eight is a cocktail originating in 1898 in Boston, Massachusetts at the bar of the Gilded Age restaurant Locke-Ober.

neg: Sea Breeze (cocktail) A Sea Breeze is a cocktail containing vodka with cranberry juice and grapefruit juice. The cocktail is usually consumed during summer months. The drink may be shaken in order to create a foamy surface. It is considered an IBA Official Cocktail.

neg: Horse's Neck A Horse's Neck is an American cocktail recognised by the IBA, identifiably sporting a long, curling strip of lemon rind.

neg: Brennan's Brennan's is a Creole restaurant in the French Quarter of New Orleans, Louisiana. It is known for its lavish breakfast and for the creation of Bananas Foster. Brennan's is credited with inventing the Bloody Bull cocktail.

neg: Bacon martini A Bacon Martini, also known as bacontini, pig on the tocks or a bloody bacon martini, is a cocktail that consists of bacon-infused vodka served with a garnish that can include strips of bacon, bacon bits, or olives. Variants may include the addition of Bloody Mary mix. Although not a vodka martini, which consists of vodka and vermouth, the term "bacon martini" is consistent with the trend of calling any straight liquor in a martini glass a "martini," such as the saketini or other variations.

neg: Vodka Red Bull Vodka Red Bull is a caffeinated alcoholic beverage consisting of energy drink Red Bull and varying amounts of vodka. It is popular among 25- to 50-year-olds in bars and nightclubs around the world. Red Bull has been used as a general mixer in alcoholic beverages in Europe since the 1980s, though not specifically with vodka. However the drink became especially popular in North America when it began being served at San Francisco's Legendary Butter Bar, which is attributed to being its home in North America, and one of the many places you will still receive RedBull's "Perfect Serve" of 2oz's of Vodka with a full 8.4Oz can of Red Bull.

neg: Rob Roy (cocktail) The Rob Roy is a cocktail created in 1894 by a bartender at the Waldorf Astoria in Manhattan, New York City. The drink was named in honor of the premiere of "Rob Roy", an operetta by composer Reginald De Koven and lyricist Harry B. Smith loosely based upon Scottish folk hero Rob Roy MacGregor.

neg: Juan Collins The Juan Collins is a Collins cocktail made from tequila, lime juice, sugar or some other sweetening agent, and club soda. It is a variation of the original Tom Collins, first memorialized in writing in 1876 by "the father of American mixology" Jerry Thomas. This drink typically is served in a Collins glass over ice.

neg: John Daly (drink) A John Daly is an alcoholic mixed drink consisting of lemonade, iced tea, and vodka, named after American golfer John Daly. It can also be made with lemonade and sweet tea vodka (a vodka infusion). The drink is an alcoholic version of the Arnold Palmer (also named after an American golfer). The name is a tongue-in-cheek nod to Daly's problems with alcohol abuse.


query: what does The Freedom Force and Isis have in common?

pos: The Freedom Force (TV series) The Freedom Force is a 1978 animated television series produced by Filmation and aired on CBS as a segment of "Tarzan and the Super 7". It showcased a superhero team gathered by the heroine Isis from around the world to help fight evil. Isis had previously appeared in the live-action television series, "The Secrets of Isis", although the actress who portrayed her, Joanna Cameron, did not reprise the role for the cartoon.

pos: Isis (DC Comics) Isis is a DC Comics superhero, as well as a separate Egyptian goddess also living in the DC Universe. The recent superhero character is modeled closely after the main character of "The Secrets of Isis", a live-action American Saturday morning television program that served as the second half of "The Shazam!/Isis Hour". The television character appeared in several late 1970s DC Comics publications. The more recent superhero character was introduced into the DC Universe in 2006 as a female counterpart to the character Black Adam, a part of the "Shazam!" family of characters. The Egyptian goddess character has been depicted within the "Wonder Woman" comic book.

neg: Islamic Army in Iraq The Islamic Army in Iraq (IAI) (Arabic: الجيش الإسلامي في العراق", al jaysh al islāmi fī'l-`irāq") is one of a number of underground Islamist militant (or "mujahideen") organizations formed in Iraq following the 2003 invasion of Iraq by United States and coalition military forces, and the subsequent collapse of the Baathist government headed by Saddam Hussein.

neg: Suqour al-Sham Brigades The Suqour al-Sham Brigades (Arabic: ألوية صقور الشام  , English: Hawks of the Levant Brigades ), also known as the Sham Falcons Brigades, was an armed rebel organisation formed by Ahmed Abu Issa early in the Syrian Civil War to fight against the Syrian Government. It was a member of the Islamic Front and a former unit of the Free Syrian Army and the Syrian Islamic Liberation Front. They have a history of coordinating with Ahrar al-Sham and al-Qaeda's al-Nusra Front (a group rebranded as Tahrir al-Sham since January 2017), though clashes with the latter broke out in January 2017. In March 2015, the Suqour al-Sham Brigades merged with Ahrar ash-Sham, but left Ahrar al-Sham in September 2016. Also, in September 2016, they joined the Army of Conquest which Ahrar al-Sham is also a member. On 25 January 2017, Suqour al-Sham rejoined Ahrar al-Sham, but later regained some autonomy as an ally of Ahrar al-Sham.

neg: Abu al-Fadl al-Abbas Forces Qaeda Quwet Abu Fadl al-Abbas (QQAFA; Arabic: قائدة قوة أبو الفضل العباس  "Qa‘īda Quwa ‘Ābū al-Faḍl al-‘Abbās"), or the Abu al-Fadl al-Abbas Forces, is a Shiite militia operating in Iraq, formed following the June 2014 during ISIL advances. The force is affiliated with Sheikh Aws al-Khafaji, who was previously aligned with Muqtada al-Sadr. The group claims an affinity with the similarly named Liwa Abu al-Fadhal al-Abbas group fighting in Syrian Civil War on behalf of the Syrian government. QQAFA also appears to have deep links to Kataib al-Imam Ali.

neg: Camp Speicher massacre On 12 June 2014, the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIS) killed at least 1,566 Shia Iraqi Air Force cadets in an attack on Camp Speicher in Tikrit. At the time of the attack there were between 4,000 and 11,000 unarmed cadets in the camp. Alleged ISIS fighters singled out Shia and non-Muslim cadets from Sunni ones and murdered them. The Iraqi government blamed the massacre on both ISIS and members from the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region.

neg: Libya Shield Force The Libya Shield Force is an armed organization formed in 2012 out of anti-Gaddafi armed groups spread throughout Libya. The Libyan parliament designated much of the Libya Shield Force as terrorist and elements of the Libya Shield Force were identified as linked to al-Qaeda as early as 2012.

neg: Salim Idris Salim Idris (Arabic: سلیم ادریس  "Salīm Idrīs") (born 1957) is the former Chief of Staff of the Supreme Military Council (SMC) of the Free Syrian Army, which is the main Syrian armed opposition group. He has a PhD in "electronic radars" and speaks five languages, including English. An East German-trained electronics professor, he was a general in the Syrian Army when he defected in July 2012. Idris is widely considered to represent the moderate elements of Syria's armed opposition, as armed opposition leaders under his leadership have subscribed to the pro-democracy Proclamation of Principles.

neg: Battle of Mosul (2016–17) The Battle of Mosul (2016–17) (Arabic: معركة الموصل  , "Ma‘rakat al-Mawṣil"; Central Kurdish: شەڕی مووسڵ , "Şeriy Mûsil") was a major military campaign launched by the Iraqi Government forces with allied militias, the Kurdistan Regional Government, and international forces to retake the city of Mosul from the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), which had seized the city in June 2014. During the military intervention against ISIL, Iraqi and Peshmerga forces had already made unsuccessful attempts to retake the city in 2015 and again in 2016, despite limited gains.

neg: Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters The Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters (BIFF), also known as the Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Movement, is an Islamist militant organization based in Mindanao, the Philippines. They are a smaller player in the overall Moro insurgency in the Philippines and are mostly active in Maguindanao and other places in central Mindanao. It is a breakaway group from the Moro Islamic Liberation Front founded by Ameril Umbra Kato.

neg: ISIL insurgency in the Philippines ISIL insurgency in the Philippines refers to the insurgency of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant branch in the Philippines, which includes local jihadist groups - Maute group, Abu Sayyaf group, Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters and Ansar Khalifa Philippines. The groups pledged allegiance to ISIS in 2014 or the following years.Since the Philippines is not in the Levant areas,mainstream media still uses not "ISIL" but original names to report the groups.

neg: Abu Yusaf Abu Yusaf is a high-level security commander in ISIL. According to an interview conducted with The Washington Post, Abu Yusaf is a nom-de-guerre of a 27-year-old European Islamist who joined ISIS two and a half years ago.

neg: Battle of Raqqa (2017) The 2017 Battle of Raqqa is the fifth and final phase of the Raqqa campaign (2016–present) launched by the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) de facto capital in the city of Raqqa. The battle began on 6 June 2017, and is being supported by airstrikes and ground troops from the US-led coalition. The operation was named the "Great Battle" by the SDF. The battle ran concurrently with the Battle of Mosul, which started six months earlier, as part of an effort by the CJTF–OIR and its allies to strip ISIL of its regional centers of power, and to dismantle it as an organization controlling territory.

neg: Free Iraqi Army The Free Iraqi Army (Arabic: الجيش العراقي الحر  , "Al-Jayš Al-‘Irāqī Al-Ḥurr", "FIA") was a Sunni rebel group formed in the western Sunni-majority provinces of Iraq from Iraqi supporters of the Free Syrian Army rebels fighting in the Syrian Civil War. The group aimed to overthrow the Shia-dominated government of Iraq, believing that they would gain support in this from Syria should the rebels be successful in overthrowing Bashar al-Assad. An Iraqi counterterror spokesman denied this, saying that the name is merely being used by al-Qaeda in Iraq to "attract the support of the Iraqi Sunnis by making use of the strife going on in Syria."

neg: Sham Legion The Sham Legion (Arabic: فيلق الشام  , "Faylaq al-Sham"), is an alliance of Sunni Islamist rebel groups formed in order to consolidate the strength of non-al-Qaeda-affiliated Islamists during the Syrian Civil War. The alliance was formed from 19 different groups, some of which were previously affiliated with the Syrian Muslim Brotherhood and Shields of the Revolution Council.

neg: Popular Front of India The Popular Front of India is a Islamic fundamentalist organisation in India formed as a successor to National Development Front (NDF) in 2006. It acquired a multi-state dimension by merging with the National Development Front, Manitha Neethi Pasarai, Karnataka Forum for Dignity and other organisations. It is portrayed as a neo-social movement committed to empower people to ensure justice, freedom and security. The organisation has various wings to cater to different section of society, including the National Women's Front and the Campus Front of India.

neg: Alliance of Southern Forces The Alliance of Southern Forces is a Syrian rebel coalition consisting of 8 rebel factions from the Free Syrian Army's Southern Front. The group operates in southwestern Syria. The coalition supports the High Negotiations Committee and its participation in the Geneva peace talks on Syria.

neg: Fellowship of Isis The Fellowship of Isis (FOI) is an international spiritual organization devoted to promoting awareness of the Goddess. It is dedicated specifically to the Egyptian goddess Isis because the FOI co-founders believed Isis best represented the energies of the dawning Aquarian Age. The FOI is a multi-faith, multi-racial, and multi-cultural organization, and despite worshipping pagan deities, does not consider itself to be a Neopagan faith.

neg: Sinjar Resistance Units The Sinjar Resistance Units (Kurdish: Yekîneyên Berxwedana Şengalê ; YBŞ), formerly called King Peacock (Arabic: Malik Al-Tawus  ), is a Yazidi militia formed in Iraq in 2007 to protect the Yazidi community in Iraq in the wake of attacks by Iraqi insurgents. It is the second largest Yazidi militia, after the Protection Force of Sinjar (HPŞ). However, it is much more active than the HPŞ in fighting against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL).

neg: Iraqi Accord Front The Iraqi Accord Front or Iraqi Accordance Front (Arabic: جبهة التوافق العراقية "Jabhet Al-Tawafuq Al-'Iraqiyah") also known as Tawafuq is an Iraqi Sunni political coalition created on October 26, 2005 by the Iraqi Islamic Party to contest the December 2005 general election. As a large section of Iraq's Sunnis are composed by the populous Kurds, situated in northern Iraq and locally autonomous, the party's members are mostly Arab, and as such, its political efforts have largely been focused on protecting this community's interests as opposed to Iraq's non-Sunni population. In the 2005 election, its platform called for ending the US occupation of Iraq, revision of the new Iraqi constitution, repeal of the de-Ba'athification laws that had cost many Sunnis their government jobs and the restoration of the Iraqi Army, which was dissolved after the US overthrow of Saddam Hussein and which had a Sunni dominated officer corps. Despite this, the party has maintained that it is non-secular, even though the Ba'ath Party contained many prominent Sunnis.

neg: Federation of Freedom Federation of Freedom (Italian: "Federazione della Libertà" , FdL) is a centre-right parliamentary group in the Italian Senate.

neg: Kurdistan Freedom Hawks The Kurdistan Freedom Hawks or TAK (Kurdish: "Teyrêbazên Azadiya Kurdistan" ), is a Kurdish nationalist militant group in Turkey seeking an independent Kurdish state in eastern and southeastern Turkey. The group also opposes the Turkish government’s policies towards its ethnic Kurdish citizens.


query: The Lacnunga ('Remedies') is a collection of miscellaneous Anglo-Saxon medical texts and prayers, written mainly in Old English and Latin, it is found, following other medical texts, in London, British Library Manuscript Harley of which year , many of its herbal remedies are also found, in variant form, in "Bald's Leechbook", an Old English medical text probably compiled in the ninth-century, possibly under the influence of Alfred the Great's educational reforms?

pos: Lacnunga The Lacnunga ('Remedies') is a collection of miscellaneous Anglo-Saxon medical texts and prayers, written mainly in Old English and Latin. The title "Lacnunga", an Old English word meaning 'remedies', is not in the manuscript: it was given to the collection by its first editor, Oswald Cockayne, in the nineteenth century. It is found, following other medical texts, in London, British Library Manuscript Harley 585, a codex probably compiled in England in the late tenth or early eleventh century. Many of its herbal remedies are also found, in variant form, in "Bald's Leechbook", another Anglo-Saxon medical compendium.

pos: Bald's Leechbook Bald's Leechbook (also known as Medicinale Anglicum) is an Old English medical text probably compiled in the ninth-century, possibly under the influence of Alfred the Great's educational reforms.

neg: Guthlac poems A and B "Guthlac A" and "Guthlac B" are a pair of Anglo-Saxon poems written in celebration of the deeds and death of Saint Guthlac of Croyland, a popular Mercian saint. The two poems are presented consecutively in the important Exeter Book miscellany of Old English poetry, the fourth and fifth items in the manuscript. They are clearly intended to be considered two items, judging from the scribe's use of large initials at the start of each poem.

neg: Book of Nunnaminster The Book of Nunnaminster (London, British Library, Harley MS 2965) is a 9th-century Anglo-Saxon prayerbook. It was written in the kingdom of Mercia, using an "insular" hand (as used in the British Isles), related to Carolingian minuscule. It was probably later owned by Ealhswith, wife of Alfred the Great. It is related to, but of an earlier date than, the Book of Cerne, and also to the Royal Prayerbook and the Harleian prayerbook. Like Cerne it contains the Passion narratives of the four Gospels and a collection of non-liturgical prayers, many of which relate to the Passion. The Book of Nunnaminster shares some poems with the Book of Cerne. The Book of Nunnaminster includes some Decorated initials.

neg: De vetula De vetula ("On the Old Woman") is a long 13th-century elegiac comedy written in Latin. It is pseudepigraphically signed "Ovidius", and in its time was attributed to the classical Latin poet Ovid. It consists of three books of hexameters, and was quoted by Roger Bacon. In its slight plot, the aging Ovid is duped by a go-between, and renounces love affairs. Its interest to modern readers lies in the discursive padding of the story.

neg: King Horn King Horn is a Middle English chivalric romance dating back to the middle of the thirteenth century. It survives in three manuscripts: MS. Harley 2253 at the British Library, London; MS. Laud. Misc 108 at the Bodleian Library, Oxford; and MS. Gg. iv. 27. 2 at the Cambridge University Library. It is also presumably based on the Anglo-Norman story "Romance of Horn" (1170). The story was retold in later romances and ballads, and is considered part of the Matter of England. The poem is currently believed to be the oldest extant romance in Middle English.

neg: Claudius Pontificals The so-called Claudius Pontificals are the texts in British Library, Cotton Claudius A.iii, a composite manuscript of three separate pontificals, i.e. compilations of the services reserved for bishops, especially the coronation of kings. The first two date to the 11th century, the third to the 12th century.

neg: Anglo-Saxon metrical charms Anglo-Saxon metrical charms were sets of instructions generally written to magically resolve a situation or disease. Usually, these charms involve some sort of physical action, including making a medical potion, repeating a certain set of words, or writing a specific set of words on an object. These Anglo-Saxon charms tell a great deal about medieval medical theory and practice. Although most medical texts found from the pre-Christian Anglo-Saxon period are translations of Classical texts in Latin, these charms were originally written in Old English. Through these metrical charms, we can more easily understand the religious beliefs and practices that pre-Christian Anglo-Saxon England had; we can also see how the people of that time saw and understood sickness and health.

neg: Early English Text Society The Early English Text Society is a text publication society dedicated to the reprinting of early English texts, especially those only available in manuscript. Most of its volumes contain editions of Middle English or Old English texts. It was founded in England in 1864 by Frederick James Furnivall. Its stated goal in a report of the first year of their existence was "on the one hand, to print all that is most valuable of the yet unprinted in English, and, on the other, to re-edit and reprint all that is most valuable in printed English books, which from their scarcity or price are not within the reach of the student of moderate means." It is known for having been the first to print many important English manuscripts, including Cotton Nero A.x, which contains "Pearl", "Sir Gawain and the Green Knight", and other poems.

neg: Prophetic medicine Prophetic medicine (Arabic: الطب النبوي  , "'Al-Tibb al-nabawī ") refers to the actions and words ("hadith") specifically of the Islamic prophet Muhammad with regards to sickness, treatment and hygiene, and the genre of writings undertaken primarily by non-physician scholars to collect and explicate these traditions. It is distinct from Islamic medicine, in that the latter is a broader category encompassing a variety of medical practices rooted in Greek natural philosophy. Prophetic medical traditions exhort humans to not simply stop at following Muhammad's teachings, but encourage them to search for cures as well. The literature of prophetic medicine thus occupies a symbolic role in the elucidation of Islamic identity as constituted by a particular set of relationships to science, medicine, technology and nature. There has historically been a tension in the understanding of the medical narratives: are they of the same nature as Muhammad’s religious pronouncements, or are they time-sensitive, culturally situated, and thus not representative of a set of eternal medical truths? This body of knowledge was fully articulated only in the 14th century, at which point it was concerned with reconciling "Sunnah" (traditions) with the foundations of the Galenic humoral theory that was prevalent at the time in the medical institutions of the Islamicate world. It is nonetheless a tradition with continued modern-day currency, as suggested by the online presence of resources on the genre.

neg: The Durham Proverbs The Durham Proverbs is a collection of 46 mediaeval proverbs from various sources. They were written down as a collection, in the eleventh century, on some pages (pages 43 verso to 45 verso, between a hymnal and a collection of canticles) of a manuscript that were originally left blank. The manuscript is currently in the collection of Durham Cathedral, to which it was donated in the eighteenth century. The "Proverbs" form the first part of the manuscript. The second part, to which it is bound, is a copy of Ælfric's "Grammar" (minus its glossary). Each proverb is written in both Latin and Old English, with the former preceding the latter. Olof Arngart's opinion is that the Proverbs were originally in Old English and translated to Latin, but this has since been disputed in a conference paper by T. A. Shippey .

neg: Tractatus de Herbis The Tractatus de Herbis is an illustrated treatise of medicinal plants painted in 1440. It is housed under shelfmark Sloane 4016 in the British Library, in London.

neg: Hebban olla vogala Hebban olla vogala, sometimes spelled hebban olla uogala, are the first three words of an 11th-century text fragment written in Old Dutch. The fragment was discovered in 1932 on the flyleaf of a manuscript that was probably made in the abbey of Rochester, Kent and is kept in Oxford. It is usually considered to represent a West Flemish variant of Old Low Franconian.

neg: Book of Leinster The Book of Leinster (Irish "Lebor Laignech" ] ), is a medieval Irish manuscript compiled ca. 1160 and now kept in Trinity College, Dublin, under the shelfmark MS H 2.18 (cat. 1339). It was formerly known as the "Lebor na Nuachongbála" "Book of Nuachongbáil", a monastic site known today as Oughaval.

neg: Herla Herla or Herla King (Old English: "Herla Cyning" ) is a legendary leader of the mythical Germanic Wild Hunt and the name from which the Old French term "Herlequin" may have been derived. Herla often has been identified as Woden and in the writings of the twelfth-century writer Walter Map, he is portrayed as a legendary king of the Britons who became the leader of the Wild Hunt after a visit to the Otherworld, only to return some three hundred years later, after the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain.

neg: Medulla Grammatice Medulla Grammatice or "Medulla Grammaticae" ("the Marrow of Grammar") is collection of fifteenth century Latin-Middle English glossaries in the British Museum.

neg: Annales sancti Amandi The Annales sancti Amandi (maiores) are a set of imperial Frankish annals composed in Latin in the 8th and 9th centuries at the Benedictine monastery of Saint-Amand-les-Eaux. They share text with the related "Annales Tiliani", "Annales Laubacenses" and "Annales Petaviani", all originating in monasteries of the region of Belgica and having terse, somewhat sporadic entries. The "Annales sancti Amandi" was preserved in a now lost manuscript that also contained Bede's "De ratione temporum". This manuscript was copied in 1638 by André Duchesne, and his copy is the one upon which all subsequent editions are based.

neg: On the Resting-Places of the Saints On the Resting-Places of the Saints is a heading given to two early medieval pieces of writing, also known as Þá hálgan and the Secgan, which exist in various manuscript forms in both Old English and Latin, the earliest surviving manuscripts of which date to the mid-11th century. "Secgan" is so named from its Old English incipit, "Secgan be þam Godes sanctum þe on Engla lande aerost reston" "Tale of God's saints who first rested in England"), and is a list of fifty places which had shrines and remains of Anglo-Saxon saints. "Þá hálgan" (pronounced thar halgan) is a version of the so-called Kentish Royal Legend (Its incipit "Her cyð ymbe þa halgan þe on Angelcynne restað" "Here [follows] a relation on the saints who rest in the English nation") is a heading which appears to be for both texts, as the Kentish legend, which comes first, is actually an account of how various members of the royal family of Kent, descendents of Aethelbert, founded monasteries and came to be regarded as saints. As such it is closer to other hagiographical texts than to the list of burial sites that follows it. The texts describe people living from the 7th to 10th centuries, and they exist in both Old English and Latin versions, but both have their earliest known manuscripts dating from the 11th century.

neg: Lex Burgundionum The Lex Burgundionum (Latin for Burgundian Laws, also "Lex Gundobada") refers to the law code of the Burgundians, probably issued by king Gundobad. It is influenced by Roman law and deals with domestic laws concerning marriage and inheritance as well as regulating weregild and other penalties. Interaction between Burgundians is treated separately from interaction between Burgundians and Gallo-Romans. The oldest of the 14 surviving manuscripts of the text dates to the 9th century, but the code's institution is ascribed to king Gundobad (died 516), with a possible revision by his successor Sigismund (died 523). The "Lex Romana Burgundionum" is a separate code, containing various laws taken from Roman sources, probably intended to apply to the Burgundians' Gallo-Roman subjects. The oldest copy of this text dates to the 7th century.

neg: Lex Baiuvariorum The Lex Baiuvariorum (also "Lex Baiuwariorum", "Lex Bajuvariorum", or "Lex Baivariorum") was a collection of the tribal laws of the Bavarii of the sixth through eighth centuries. The first compilation was edited by Eberswind, first abbot of Niederaltaich, in 741 or 743. Duke Odilo, founder supplemented the code around 748. It is one of the most well documented bodies of Germanic tribal law.

neg: Harley Prayer Book The Harley Prayer Book (British Library, Harley MS 7653) is one of a group of four early Anglo-Saxon Mercian prayer books. The others are the Royal Prayer Book, the Book of Cerne, and the Book of Nunnaminster.

neg: Lambeth Homilies The Lambeth Homilies are a collection of homilies found in a manuscript (MS Lambeth 487) in the Lambeth Palace Library in Lambeth, England. The collection contains seventeen sermons and is notable for being one of the latest examples of Old English, written as it was c. 1200, well into the period of Middle English.


query: The Washington Valor play their home games at the arena formerly known as what?

pos: Washington Valor The Washington Valor are a professional arena football team based in Washington, D.C. that began play in the Arena Football League (AFL) in 2017. The team's home arena is the Capital One Arena. The Valor is owned by Monument Sports and Entertainment (Ted Leonsis, chairman), which also owns the Washington Wizards of the National Basketball Association (NBA), Washington Mystics of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA), Washington Capitals of the National Hockey League (NHL) and the new Baltimore Brigade franchise.

pos: Capital One Arena Capital One Arena, formerly known as MCI Center and Verizon Center, is a sports and entertainment arena located in Washington, D.C.

neg: BB&T Arena BB&T Arena ,formerly The Bank of Kentucky Center, is a 10,000 seat multi-purpose arena in Highland Heights, Kentucky, that was completed in 2008.

neg: U.S. Cellular Center (Cedar Rapids) U.S. Cellular Center (formerly Five Seasons Center) is a multi-purpose arena located in the downtown area of Cedar Rapids, Iowa. It was financed by the approval of a voter referendum to allocate special municipal capital improvement bond monies, after several prior bond referendums to build a civic center failed between 1965 and 1977. The initial construction cost was approximately $7 million for the arena and facilities. The city approved an additional $1 million to build an adjacent multi-level parking facility connected to the center by a skywalk. The center is adjoined by a 16-story DoubleTree hotel facility built directly above the arena.

neg: Washington Wizards The Washington Wizards are an American professional basketball team based in Washington, D.C. The Wizards compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA), as a member of the league's Eastern Conference Southeast Division. The team plays its home games at the Capital One Arena, in the Chinatown neighborhood of Washington, D.C.

neg: Hale Arena Hale Arena is a 5,000-seat multi-purpose arena in Kansas City, Missouri. It was built in 1992 and was home to the Kansas City Knights basketball team after they moved from Kemper Arena in 2003. It was named in honor of H.D. "Joe" Hale and his wife Joyce for their financial contribution.

neg: Fort Wayne Flames The Fort Wayne Flames were an indoor soccer club based in Fort Wayne, Indiana, that competed in the American Indoor Soccer Association, playing home games at the Allen County War Memorial Coliseum from 1986–1989.

neg: Washington Huskies women's basketball The Washington Huskies women's basketball team represents the University of Washington in NCAA Division I college basketball competing in the Pac-12 Conference. Their home games are played at Alaska Airlines Arena at Hec Edmundson Pavilion, located in Seattle.

neg: A`nowara`ko:wa Arena A`nowara`ko:wa Arena is a 3,000-seat multi-purpose arena in Cornwall Island, Ontario on the Akwesasne reservation.

neg: Cameron McGlenn Cameron McGlenn (born February 16, 1988) is an arena football defensive back for the Washington Valor of the Arena Football League (AFL). McGlenn played college football for Elon.

neg: Pepsi Center Pepsi Center is an American multi-purpose arena located in Denver, Colorado. The arena is home to the Denver Nuggets of the National Basketball Association (NBA), the Colorado Avalanche of the National Hockey League (NHL), and the Colorado Mammoth of the National Lacrosse League (NLL). When not in use by one of Denver's sports teams, the building frequently serves as a concert venue.

neg: Washington Cavaliers The Virginia Capitol Cavaliers was an American soccer club based in the Northern Virginia suburbs of Washington, D.C.. The team was a member of the American Soccer League.

neg: Mesquite Arena Mesquite Arena is a 5,500-seat multi-purpose arena in Mesquite, Texas. It is home to the Mesquite Championship Rodeo and the Dallas Marshals indoor football team, who play in the Champions Indoor Football league.

neg: TD Garden TD Garden, often called Boston Garden and "The Garden", is a multi-purpose arena in Boston, Massachusetts. It is named after its sponsor, TD Bank, a subsidiary of Canada's Toronto-Dominion Bank. It opened in 1995 as a replacement for the original Boston Garden and has been known as Shawmut Center, FleetCenter, and TD Banknorth Garden. The arena is located directly above the MBTA's North Station.

neg: Spokane Shock The Spokane Shock were a professional arena football team based in Spokane, Washington, playing their home games at the Spokane Veterans Memorial Arena. The team was part of the National Conference Pacific Division of the Arena Football League. The franchise folded in October 2015 as the rights to the Shock name belong to the AFL after the previous franchise owned by IFL Partners, LLC (led by Nader Naini), failed to come to terms with the league to use the trademarks and identity, thus forcing the new Spokane IFL franchise to find a new name. The new team was known as the Spokane Empire.

neg: Toledo Bullfrogs The Toledo Bullfrogs was to be a professional arena football team based at the Lucas County Arena in Toledo, Ohio. They were scheduled to begin play in the af2, the developmental league of the Arena Football League, in 2010, until that league folded in 2009. The team has never played a game and the Toledo Bullfrogs website now leads directly to the Toledo Walleye website, which seems to indicate that the franchise is defunct.

neg: Washington Coliseum The Washington Coliseum, formerly Uline Arena, is an indoor arena in Washington, D.C. located at 1132, 1140, and 1146 3rd Street, Northeast, Washington, D.C. It was the site of the first concert by The Beatles in the United States.

neg: Cincinnati Gardens Cincinnati Gardens is an indoor arena located in Cincinnati, Ohio that opened in 1949. The 25,000 square foot (2,300 m²) brick and limestone building, whose entrance is decorated with six three-dimensional carved athletic figures. When it opened, its seating capacity of 11,000+ made it the seventh largest indoor arena in the United States.

neg: Butte Civic Center The Butte Civic Center is a 7,500-seat multi-purpose arena in Butte, Montana, USA. Opened in 1952, it hosts locals sporting events and concerts as well as political events. It was the home of the Continental Basketball Association's Butte Daredevils, who played there from their founding in 2006 until they folded in 2008. The arena's current primary tenant is the Butte Roughriders of the Northern Pacific Hockey League. In December 2007 it played host to the funeral of local hero Evel Knievel which was presided over by Pastor Robert Schuller.

neg: Kal Tire Place Kal Tire Place, formerly known as Wesbild Centre and Vernon Multiplex, is a 3,006 seat multi-purpose arena located in Vernon, British Columbia, Canada. The is an additional standing room capacity of 500. It was built in 2001 as an upgrade over the aging Civic Arena and became the home ice surface of the Vernon Vipers.

neg: Mike Washington (wide receiver) Michael Washington (born October 19, 1986) is an American football wide receiver for the Washington Valor of the Arena Football League (AFL). He played college football at the University of Hawaii at Manoa. He was signed by the Pittsburgh Power as an undrafted free agent in 2011.

neg: Huntington Heroes The Huntington Heroes were a professional indoor football franchise and member of the American Indoor Football Association (AIFA). The Heroes played their home games during their inaugural 2006 season at the Veterans Memorial Fieldhouse in Huntington, West Virginia before moving to the larger Big Sandy Superstore Arena for the 2007 and 2009 seasons. The Heroes were the second indoor football franchise for Huntington, following the River Cities LocoMotives, who played one season (2001) in the National Indoor Football League, and were followed by the Huntington Hammer in 2011. The Heroes were usually known for featuring many former Marshall University football players from the Marshall Thundering Herd program located in Huntington.


query: What is the nickname of the interim head coach for the 2016 LSU Tigers football team?

pos: 2016 LSU Tigers football team The 2016 LSU Tigers football team represented Louisiana State University in the 2016 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Tigers play their home games at Tiger Stadium in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and compete in the Western Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). They were led by 12th year head coach Les Miles for the first four games of the year before he was fired on September 25 along with offensive coordinator Cam Cameron. Miles was replaced by interim head coach Ed Orgeron, who was later promoted to head coach on November 26, 2016. They finished the season 8–4, 5–3 in SEC play to finish in a tie for second place in the Western Division. They were invited to the Citrus Bowl where they defeated Louisville.

pos: Ed Orgeron Edward Jim Orgeron Jr. (born July 27, 1961) is an American football coach and former player. He is currently the head coach at Louisiana State University (LSU). Orgeron previously served as the head football coach at University of Mississippi (Ole Miss) from 2005 to 2007 and was the interim head coach at the University of Southern California (USC) in 2013. He is nicknamed "Coach O".

neg: Cale Gundy Joseph Cale Gundy (born April 10, 1972) is a former American football quarterback who played for the Oklahoma Sooners from 1990 to 1993. While at Oklahoma he was a member of Delta Tau Delta International Fraternity. After coaching running backs for 16 years at Oklahoma Gundy was promoted to Assistant Head Coach and moved to Inside Receivers for the 2015 season. His brother, Mike, is the head football coach at Oklahoma State University.

neg: Doug Shaffer Doug Shaffer (born July 8, 1963) is an American college diving coach. He is the current co-head coach of the LSU Tigers and Lady Tigers swimming and diving teams of Louisiana State University with responsibilities for the dive team. Dave Geyer is head coach of the swimming team.

neg: Steve Ensminger Steve Ensminger (born September 15, 1958) is an American football coach. He is the Tight Ends coach at Louisiana State University (LSU).

neg: 2016–17 Drake Bulldogs men's basketball team The 2016–17 Drake Bulldogs men's basketball team represented Drake University during the 2016–17 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Bulldogs were led by interim head coach Jeff Rutter. They played their home games at the Knapp Center in Des Moines, Iowa and were members of the Missouri Valley Conference.

neg: Occidental Tigers The Occidental Tigers is the nickname for athletics at the Occidental College. Oxy is also a nickname for the college. The team has been using the nickname Tigers since the 1920s; prior to that, they were referred to as the "Presbyterians" or (when in Highland Park) the "Highlanders". The Tigers compete in the Southern California Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SCIAC) at the NCAA's Division III level.

neg: 2015 LSU Tigers baseball team The 2015 LSU Tigers baseball team represent Louisiana State University during the 2015 NCAA Division I baseball season. The Tigers play their home games at Alex Box Stadium as a member of the Southeastern Conference. They are led by head coach Paul Mainieri, in his 9th season at LSU.

neg: Wahoos Wahoos, or Hoos for short, is an unofficial nickname for sports teams of the University of Virginia, officially referred to as the Cavaliers. The terms are both also used in a more general context by students and alumni to refer to themselves as fans and alumni of the University. While there is no evidence that the nickname stems from the wahoo fish, it is often claimed by students that a "wahoo is a type of bass fish that is capable [of] drinking twice its weight."

neg: 2016 Alabama Crimson Tide football team The 2016 Alabama Crimson Tide football team (variously "Alabama", "UA", "Bama" or "The Tide") represented the University of Alabama in the 2016 NCAA Division I FBS football season. This season marked the Crimson Tide's 122nd overall season, 83rd as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) and its 25th within the SEC Western Division. They played their home games at Bryant–Denny Stadium in Tuscaloosa, Alabama and were led by tenth year head coach Nick Saban. They finished the season 14–1, were SEC champions and advanced to the College Football Playoff National Championship game, for the second consecutive year, where they were defeated by Clemson.

neg: 1898 LSU Tigers football team The 1898 LSU Tigers football team represented the LSU Tigers of Louisiana State University during the 1898 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season. The Tigers, with new coach Edmond Chavanne, played only one game for the 1898 season. It was their third undefeated season. Another outbreak of yellow fever similar to the one in 1897 caused LSU to play only one game. By the time LSU was able to play its only game of the season, Allen Jeardeau had departed from the school as head football coach, and no provision had been made to replace him. The job of coach then fell to the team's captain, Edmond Chavanne, the only player-coach in LSU football history. 1898 marked the final year of play for William S. Slaughter. He was LSU's first five time football letterman.

neg: 2013 Memphis Tigers football team The 2013 Memphis Tigers football team represented the University of Memphis in the 2013 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Tigers were led by second year head coach Justin Fuente and played their home games at the Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium in Memphis, Tennessee. The Tigers competed as a member of the American Athletic Conference. They finished the season 3–9, 1–7 in American Athletic play to finish in a tie for ninth place. Tom Hornsey won the Ray Guy Award, which honors college football's best punter

neg: 1991 LSU Tigers football team The 1991 LSU Tigers football team represented Louisiana State University for the 1991 NCAA Division I-A football season. Under head coach Curley Hallman, the Tigers had a record of 5–6 with an Southeastern Conference (SEC) record of 3–4. It was Hallman's first season as head coach at LSU.

neg: Brennan Carroll Brennan Carroll (born March 20, 1979) is an American football coach for the Seattle Seahawks. His nickname is BC.

neg: List of Arkansas Razorbacks head football coaches The Arkansas Razorbacks college football team represents the University of Arkansas in the West Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The Razorbacks compete as part of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Football Bowl Subdivision. The program has had 30 head coaches, and 2 interim head coaches, since it began play during the 1894 season. Since December 2012, Bret Bielema has served as head coach of the Razorbacks.

neg: 2017 West Alabama Tigers football team The 2017 West Alabama Tigers football team represents the University of West Alabama in the 2017 NCAA Division II football season. They are led by head coach Brett Gilliland, who is in his fourth season at West Alabama. The Tigers will play their home games at Tiger Stadium and are members of the Gulf South Conference.

neg: 2016 Texas A&M Aggies football team The 2016 Texas A&M Aggies football team represented Texas A&M University in the 2016 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Aggies played their home games at Kyle Field in College Station, Texas and competed in the Western Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). They were led by fifth-year head coach Kevin Sumlin. They finished the season 8–5, 4–4 in SEC play to finish in fourth place in the Western Division. They were invited to the Texas Bowl where they lost to Kansas State.

neg: LSU Tigers and Lady Tigers The LSU Tigers and Lady Tigers are the athletic teams representing Louisiana State University (LSU), a public four-year coeducational university located in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. LSU competes in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC).

neg: Stretch (nickname) Stretch is the nickname of:

neg: 1993 LSU Tigers football team The 1993 LSU Tigers football team represented Louisiana State University in the college football season of 1993. The Tigers played their home games at Tiger Stadium in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.

neg: 1960 LSU Tigers football team The 1960 LSU Tigers football team represented Louisiana State University during the 1960 college football season. Under head coach Paul Dietzel, the Tigers had a record of 5–4–1 with an Southeastern Conference record of 2–3–1. It was Dietzel's sixth season as head coach at LSU.

neg: 2017 Mississippi State Bulldogs football team The 2017 Mississippi State Bulldogs football team represents Mississippi State University in the 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Bulldogs play their home games at Davis Wade Stadium in Starkville, Mississippi and compete in the Western Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). They are led by ninth-year head coach Dan Mullen.


query: Marques E. Colston, is a former American football wide receiver, he helped the Saints achieve victory in which American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion New Orleans Saints and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Indianapolis Colts to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2009 season?

pos: Marques Colston Marques E. Colston ( born June 5, 1983) is a former American football wide receiver. He played college football at Hofstra University, and was drafted by the Saints in the seventh round of the 2006 NFL Draft. He helped the Saints achieve victory in Super Bowl XLIV with seven receptions for 83 yards against the Indianapolis Colts. He is the Saints' all-time franchise leader in receiving yards, yards from scrimmage, receiving touchdowns, total touchdowns, and total receptions.

pos: Super Bowl XLIV Super Bowl XLIV was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion New Orleans Saints and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Indianapolis Colts to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2009 season. The Saints defeated the Colts by a score of 31–17, earning their first Super Bowl win. The game was played at Hard Rock Stadium (the formerly-named-Joe Robbie Stadium) in Miami Gardens, Florida for the fifth time (and in South Florida for the tenth time), on February 7, 2010, the latest calendar date for a Super Bowl yet.

neg: Pete Lammons Peter Spencer Lammons, Jr. (born October 20, 1943) is a former professional American football player who played tight end for the American Football League's New York Jets, winning the AFL Championship with them in 1968, and playing in their victory over the National Football League champion Baltimore Colts in the third AFL-NFL World Championship game. He also played for the NFL's Green Bay Packers.

neg: 2009 San Diego Chargers season The 2009 San Diego Chargers season was the 50th season for the original American Football League team, and its 40th in the NFL. The Chargers improved upon their regular season record of 8–8 in 2008 and won their division for the fourth straight year and fifth time in six seasons. They finished the regular season with a 13–3 record, the second best winning percentage in franchise history but were eliminated in the Divisional Playoffs by the New York Jets. It was also Norv Turner's best regular season record as head coach.

neg: 2009 NFL season The 2009 NFL season was the 90th season in the history of the National Football League (NFL).

neg: 2010 Indianapolis Colts season The 2010 Indianapolis Colts season was the franchise's 58th season in the National Football League, the 27th in Indianapolis, and the second under head coach Jim Caldwell. It was also the final season with Peyton Manning as the team's starting quarterback. They also clinched their ninth consecutive postseason appearance, tying the all-time record for consecutive postseason appearances by a team with the Dallas Cowboys, who made the playoffs every season from 1975–1983. Though the Colts failed to win 12 or more games for the first time since 2002, the team did win the AFC South division title for the seventh time in eight seasons, but were eliminated in the first round of the playoffs.

neg: ArenaBowl XXI ArenaBowl XXI was the 2007 championship game of the Arena Football League and was played at the New Orleans Arena in New Orleans, Louisiana on Sunday, July 29, 2007. It was the third-ever neutral site title game in league's history and the first held in the state of Louisiana. ArenaBowl XXI pitted the Columbus Destroyers of the National Conference against the San Jose SaberCats of the American Conference.

neg: 2015 NFL season The 2015 NFL season was the 96th season in the history of the National Football League (NFL), and the 50th of the Super Bowl era. The season began on Thursday, September 10, 2015, with the annual kickoff game featuring the defending Super Bowl XLIX champion New England Patriots hosting the Pittsburgh Steelers, which ended with the Patriots winning 28–21. The season concluded with Super Bowl 50, the league's championship game, on Sunday, February 7, 2016, at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, California, with the Denver Broncos defeating the Carolina Panthers 24–10.

neg: 2010 NFL Draft The 2010 NFL Draft was the 75th annual meeting of National Football League (NFL) franchises to select newly eligible football players. Unlike previous years, the 2010 draft took place over three days, at Radio City Music Hall in New York City, New York, with the first round on Thursday, April 22, 2010, at 7:30 pm EDT. The second and third rounds took place on Friday, April 23 starting at 6:00 pm EDT, while the final four rounds were held on Saturday, April 24, starting at 10:00 am EDT. Television coverage was provided by both NFL Network and ESPN.

neg: Victory Bowl The Victory Bowl is the championship football game between schools that sponsor football and are members of the National Christian College Athletic Association and did not qualify for either the NCAA or NAIA playoffs. It is one of the few post-season bowl games for smaller schools. Because the NCCAA is not exclusive, it is possible that schools from the NAIA and the NCAA may meet each other in this game, as with the 2008 game.

neg: 2009–10 NCAA football bowl games The 2009–10 NCAA football bowl games concluded the 2009 NCAA Division I FBS football season. It comprised 34 team-competitive bowl games, and three all-star games. The games began play on December 19, 2009 and included the 2010 BCS National Championship Game in Pasadena, California, played on January 7 at the Rose Bowl Stadium. The post-season concluded with three all-star games: the East–West Shrine Game on January 23, the Senior Bowl on January 30, and the Texas vs. The Nation Game on February 6.

neg: Reggie Bush Reginald Alfred Bush Jr. (born March 2, 1985) is a former American football running back. He played college football at USC, where he earned consensus All-American honors twice and won a Heisman Trophy, and was drafted by the New Orleans Saints second overall in the 2006 NFL Draft. While on the Saints, Bush was named an All-Pro in 2008 and won Super Bowl XLIV in 2010 over the Indianapolis Colts. He has also played for the Buffalo Bills, Miami Dolphins, Detroit Lions, and San Francisco 49ers.

neg: Andrew Luck Andrew Austen Luck (born September 12, 1989) is an American football quarterback for the Indianapolis Colts of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Stanford, where he won the Maxwell Award and Walter Camp Award as college football's player of the year and was twice recognized as an All-American. He was the runner-up for the Heisman Trophy in both 2010 and 2011. He was named the Offensive Player of the Year in the Pac-12 (Pac-10) Conference in both 2010 and 2011. CBS Sports draft analyst Rob Rang called Luck the best prospect he had ever scouted, while the "Kansas City Star" put him in line with LeBron James and Bryce Harper as "the most hyped amateurs in recent sports memory."

neg: 2011 Washington Redskins season The Washington Redskins season was the 79th season for the team in the National Football League (NFL) and their 74th representing the District of Columbia (Washington, D.C.). Their home games were played at FedExField in Landover, Maryland for the 15th consecutive year. Washington played in the Eastern division of the National Football Conference (NFC). The Redskins failed to improve on their 2010 record of 6–10, but did manage to defeat the New York Giants, the eventual Super Bowl champions, twice in the regular season, becoming only the sixth team to do so (the 1969 Oakland Raiders, 1983 Seattle Seahawks, 1995 Washington Redskins, 2002 New Orleans Saints, and 2007 Dallas Cowboys, also against the Giants, being the others).

neg: 1960 Baltimore Colts season The Baltimore Colts season was the eighth season for the team in the National Football League. The Colts ended the season with four consecutive losses for a record of 6 wins and 6 losses, and finished fourth in the Western Conference. As a result, their two-year reign as NFL champions came to an end.

neg: Super Bowl IX Super Bowl IX was an American football game between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Pittsburgh Steelers and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Minnesota Vikings to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1974 season. The game was played on January 12, 1975, at Tulane Stadium in New Orleans, Louisiana, the last pro game at that venue (the game was originally planned to be held at the Louisiana Superdome, but that stadium was not completed yet). The Steelers defeated the Vikings by the score of 16–6 to win their first Super Bowl.

neg: George Winn (American football) George Winn (born November 10, 1990) is an American football running back for the Indianapolis Colts of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Cincinnati. He originally signed with the Houston Texans as an undrafted free agent in 2013. He has also been a member of the New England Patriots, Oakland Raiders, Pittsburgh Steelers, Dallas Cowboys, Detroit Lions and New York Giants.

neg: Super Bowl XLVIII Super Bowl XLVIII was an American football game between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos and National Football Conference (NFC) champion Seattle Seahawks to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2013 season. The Seahawks defeated the Broncos 43–8, the largest margin of victory for an underdog and tied for the third largest point differential overall (35) in Super Bowl history with Super Bowl XXVII (1993). It was the first time the winning team scored over 40 points, while holding their opponent to under 10. This became the first Super Bowl victory for the Seahawks and the fifth Super Bowl loss for the Broncos, the most of any team. The game was played on February 2, 2014, at MetLife Stadium at the Meadowlands Sports Complex in East Rutherford, New Jersey, the first Super Bowl played outdoors in a cold-weather city and the first Super Bowl to be played on a February 2.

neg: 2010 Baltimore Ravens season The 2010 Baltimore Ravens season was the 15th for the team in the National Football League (NFL) and city of Baltimore, Maryland, and the 13th to host home games at M&T Bank Stadium. They played in the NFL's American Football Conference (AFC) North Division. The franchise improved from their 9–7 record from their previous season, with a 12–4 record, but lost to their division rival and eventual AFC Champion Pittsburgh Steelers in the divisional round of the 2010–11 NFL playoffs.

neg: 1968 New Orleans Saints season The 1968 New Orleans Saints season was the team's second as a member of the National Football League (NFL). They improved on their previous season's output of 3–11, winning four games. The team failed to qualify for the playoffs for the second consecutive season, and finished third in the Century Division of the NFL Eastern Conference.

neg: 2009 Miami Hurricanes football team The 2009 Miami Hurricanes football team represented the University of Miami during the 2009 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Hurricanes were coached by Randy Shannon and played their home games at Land Shark Stadium (formerly "Dolphin Stadium"). The Hurricanes finished the season 9–4, 5–3 in ACC play and lost in the Champs Sports Bowl 20–14 against Wisconsin.

neg: 2009 ACC Championship Game The 2009 ACC Championship Game was a college football game between the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets and the Clemson Tigers. The game, sponsored by Dr. Pepper, was the final regular-season contest of the 2009 college football season for the Atlantic Coast Conference. Georgia Tech defeated Clemson, winning the Atlantic Coast Conference football championship, 39–34. However, Georgia Tech was forced to vacate the game victory and the conference title in 2011 due to sanctions stemming from an NCAA investigation.


query: What South Korean K-pop group has 13 members and their own online TV program?

pos: Seventeen TV Seventeen TV is an online program which was broadcast periodically on Ustream. The program shows the South Korean K-pop boy group Seventeen before their official debut in the entertainment industry. In Seasons 4 and 5, it included concerts called "Like Seventeen".

pos: Seventeen (band) Seventeen (Hangul: 세븐틴 ), also stylized as SEVENTEEN or SVT, is a South Korean boy group formed by Pledis Entertainment in 2015. The group consists of thirteen members who are separated into three sub-units, each with different areas of specialization: a 'Hip-Hop Unit', 'Vocal Unit', and 'Performance Unit'. They have released one studio album and four extended plays.

neg: Two Weeks (TV series) Two Weeks () is a 2013 South Korean television series starring Lee Joon-gi, Kim So-yeon, Ryu Soo-young, Park Ha-sun, Kim Hye-ok, Jo Min-ki and Lee Chae-mi. It aired on MBC from August 7 to September 26, 2013 on Wednesdays and Thursdays at 21:55 for 16 episodes.

neg: Cupid (band) Cupid (Hangul: 큐피트) is a Korean pop girl group that currently has four members. The group debuted on 15 April 2015 with their single album "I Feel Good", released under music label In Entertainment.

neg: M&D M&D (shortened from Midnight & Dawn or Miari & Dangye-dong) is a South Korean pop rock duo formed by S.M. Entertainment in 2011. The group is composed of Super Junior's Heechul and TRAX's Kim Jungmo. Both members are planning to write and compose every single song the project group will release. They'll continuously release music which they can and want to do, regardless of the genre.

neg: MBC Every 1 MBC Every 1 (MBC 에브리원, 엠비씨 에브리원) is a South Korean cable television network, specializing in entertainment-related variety programming. It is a subsidiary of MBC Plus.

neg: Kim Junsu Kim Jun-su (Hangul: 김준수 ; Hanja: 金俊秀 ; born 15 December 1986) or simply Junsu, also known by the stage name Xia (stylized as XIA; ; Korean: 시아 ) is a South Korean singer-songwriter, dancer, and stage actor. He is a member of the Korean pop group JYJ, and was one of the original members of boy band TVXQ.

neg: Lee Ji-hye Lee Ji-hye (born January 11, 1980) is a South Korean singer and actress. She was former member of pop group S#arp. The group released six albums before their breakup in 2002, attributed to the feud between Lee and fellow female member Seo Ji-young. As a solo artist, she has released several singles. She was a former cast member in the variety show "Infinite Girls Season 2".She has been married on September 18, 2017.

neg: Snuper Snuper (Hangul: 스누퍼 ; meaning "Higher than Super") is a South Korean boy band formed by Widmay Entertainment in 2015, and is the first Korean pop group from the label. They debuted on November 16, 2015 with the extended play "Shall We", its title track "Shall We Dance" and with six-members: Suhyun, Sangil, Taewoong, Woosung, Sangho and Sebin.

neg: IKon (South Korean band) iKon (Hangul: 아이콘 ), stylized as iKON, is a South Korean boy band formed in 2015 by YG Entertainment. The group was first introduced in the reality survival program "WIN: Who is Next" as "Team B." After that, Team B went on to appear in the 2014 reality survival program "Mix & Match", which determined the final seven-member lineup of iKon: B.I, Bobby, Jay, Ju-ne, Song, DK and Chan.

neg: All the K-pop All the K-Pop (Hangul: 올 더 케이팝 ) was a South Korean variety show, which aired Tuesday nights on the MBC Music channel. The show was hosted by Boom, Park Jae-min and MBLAQ's Mir.

neg: Cleo (band) Cleo () was a three-member South Korean girl group, formed in 1999. They were one of the original Korean idol girl groups and were active at the same time as Fin.K.L and S.E.S. Their debut song "Good Time", from their first studio album, was very successful. The group's second album, released in 2000, was also successful and included the songs "Ready For Love", "Always in My Heart", and "Mosun" (모순 ; lit. "Contradiction"). Cleo's third album, which included the song "Triple", was released in 2011. Their fourth album was released in 2003, included the tracks "Donghwa" (동화 ; lit. "Fairy Tale") and "S.P.Y". Their fifth album, "Rising Again", was released in 2004 and included the song "In and Out". The group disbanded in 2005.

neg: My Lovely Girl My Lovely Girl () is a 2014 South Korean television series starring Jung Ji-hoon (Rain), Krystal Jung, Kim Myung-soo, and Cha Ye-ryun. Having the K-pop industry as the backdrop, the drama tells the story of two pained individuals who find healing through music. It aired on SBS from September 17 to November 6, 2014 on Wednesdays and Thursdays at 21:55 for 16 episodes.

neg: The K2 The K2 () is a 2016 South Korean television series starring Ji Chang-wook, Im Yoon-ah and Song Yoon-ah. It premiered on tvN every Friday and Saturday at 20:00 (KST) on September 23, 2016 until November 12, 2016 for 16 episodes.

neg: Standby (TV series) Standby () is a 2012 South Korean sitcom that aired on MBC from April 9 to October 5, 2012 on Mondays to Fridays at 19:45. It is about the everyday stories of producers, writers and announcers working at TV11, a fictional broadcasting company.

neg: MyDOL Mydol (stylized as MyDol or MyDOL) is a South Korean reality show that documented the formation and debut process of the boy band, VIXX. It premiered on Mnet on April 12, 2012.

neg: Stellar (South Korean band) Stellar (Hangul: 스텔라, stylized as STELLAR) is a South Korean girl group whose current line-up is composed of Minhee, Hyoeun, Soyoung & Youngheun. Formed in 2011 by The Entertainment Pascal, the group attracted attention as they were initially produced by Eric Mun of the boy band Shinhwa. Following an unsuccessful debut with the single "Rocket Girl" in August 2011, Stellar underwent a line-up change and released "UFO" in February 2012, which fared similarly.

neg: G.o.d g.o.d (Hangul: 지오디 ; RR: "ji-o-di " ) is a five-member South Korean pop music group. Debuting in 1999, the group became one of the most popular boy bands of the early 2000s. The members had gone on to solo careers in the entertainment industry after indefinitely discontinuing group activity in 2005. However, they regrouped and made a comeback in July 2014. Although the group is largely known for their "story telling" lyrical style and signature blend of R&B and rap, their repertoire features a diverse array of genres ranging from hip hop to funk.

neg: Barefooted Friends Barefooted Friends (Korean: 맨발의 친구들 ) was a South Korean reality-variety show; a part of SBS's "Good Sunday" lineup, along with "Running Man". It was first aired on April 21, 2013. The show is an "real outdoor hardship variety"; a spin on typical outdoor variety shows. The members experience "real happiness" with others through challenges. The words, "Barefooted" is supposed to mean essence, sincerity, and real hardships, where as "Friends" not only represents the cast, but the people that are met as well. It has garnered attention as being the come-back program for Kang Ho-dong, the main MC of the program, after leaving "Good Sunday"'s "X-man" in April 2007. After a seven-month run, the program was cancelled due to low ratings and to make room for "K-pop Star 3", with the final episode airing on November 17, 2013.

neg: Kim Jae-joong Kim Jae-joong (Hangul: 김재중 ; Hanja: 金在中 ; born January 26, 1986), also known mononymously as Jaejoong, is a South Korean singer, songwriter, actor, director and designer. He is best known as a member of the Korean pop group JYJ, and was one of the original members of boy band TVXQ. Kim was also known by the stage names Hero Jaejoong (in South Korea), Jejung (ジェジュン) (in Japan), and 英雄在中 (영웅재중) (in China). Kim is now using Kim Jae-joong (JYJ) for his activities.

neg: Sister's Slam Dunk Sister's Slam Dunk () is a South Korean reality show that aired every Friday on KBS 2TV from April 8 to December 2, 2016. The show's first season featured an all-female cast consisting of Ra Mi-ran, Kim Sook, Hong Jin-kyung, Min Hyo-rin, Jessi and Tiffany, and followed their attempts at fulfilling each cast member's dream using a budget of ₩2,196,000 or approximately $2,000.

neg: Dream Catcher (band) Dream Catcher (Korean: 드림캐쳐 ; formerly known as MINX), is a South Korean girl group formed by Happy Face Entertainment. The group consists of seven members: JiU, SuA, Siyeon, Handong, Yoohyeon, Dami and Gahyeon. They officially debuted on January 13, 2017 with the single album "Nightmare".


query: Who used the term "band of brothers" originally from Shakespeare's play about the King of England, in reference to his captains at the Battle of the Nile?

pos: Nelson's band of brothers "Band of brothers" was a phrase used by Rear-Admiral Horatio Nelson to refer to the captains under his command just before and at the Battle of the Nile in 1798. The phrase, taken from Shakespeare's St Crispin's Day Speech of "Henry V", later came to be more generally applied to his relationship with the captains and men under his command, such as at the Battle of Trafalgar.

pos: Henry V (play) Henry V is a history play by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written around 1599. It tells the story of King Henry V of England, focusing on events immediately before and after the Battle of Agincourt (1415) during the Hundred Years' War. In the First Quarto text, it was entitled "The Cronicle History of Henry the fift", which became "The Life of Henry the Fifth" in the First Folio text.

neg: Sirrah Sirrah is an archaic term used to address inferiors, sometimes as an expression of contempt (but not as familiar). The term appears in several Shakespeare plays, such as" Julius Caesar" and "Antony and Cleopatra". It is related to "Sir", even though the social connotation of its use are opposed.

neg: Cymbeline Cymbeline , also known as Cymbeline, King of Britain, is a play by William Shakespeare set in Ancient Britain and based on legends that formed part of the Matter of Britain concerning the early Celtic British King Cunobeline. Although listed as a tragedy in the First Folio, modern critics often classify "Cymbeline" as a romance or even a comedy. Like "Othello" and "The Winter's Tale", it deals with the themes of innocence and jealousy. While the precise date of composition remains unknown, the play was certainly produced as early as 1611.

neg: Order of battle at the Battle of the Nile The Battle of the Nile was a significant naval action fought during 1–3 August 1798. The battle took place in Aboukir Bay, near the mouth of the River Nile on the Mediterranean coast of Egypt and pitted a British fleet of the Royal Navy against a fleet of the French Navy. The battle was the climax of a three-month campaign in the Mediterranean during which a huge French convoy under General Napoleon Bonaparte had sailed from Toulon to Alexandria via Malta. Despite close pursuit by a British fleet of thirteen ships of the line, one fourth rate and a sloop under Sir Horatio Nelson, the French were able to reach Alexandria unscathed and successfully land an army, which Bonaparte led inland. The fleet that had escorted the convoy, consisting of thirteen ships of the line, four frigates and a number of smaller vessels under Vice-Admiral François-Paul Brueys D'Aigalliers, anchored in Aboukir Bay as Alexandria harbour was too narrow, forming a line of battle that was protected by shoals to the north and west.

neg: English Renaissance theatre English Renaissance theatre, also known as early modern English theatre, or (commonly) as Elizabethan theatre, refers to the theatre of England between 1562 and 1642.

neg: Stephen George Comyn Stephen George Comyn (29 December 1764 – 3 March 1839) was an English naval chaplain who served with Lord Nelson at the Battle of the Nile and Battle of Copenhagen. He was a close friend of Nelson and is said to have been his favourite chaplain.

neg: Edmund Ironside (play) Edmund Ironside, or War Hath Made All Friends is an anonymous Elizabethan play that depicts the life of Edmund II of England. At least three critics have suggested that it is an early work by William Shakespeare.

neg: Battle of Saint-Mathieu The naval Battle of Saint-Mathieu took place on 10 August 1512 during the War of the League of Cambrai, near Brest, France, between an English fleet of 25 ships commanded by Sir Edward Howard and a Franco-Breton fleet of 22 ships commanded by René de Clermont. It is possibly the first battle between ships using cannon through ports, although this played a minor role in the fighting. This was one of only two full-fledged naval battles fought by King Henry VIII's Navy Royal. During the battle, each navy's largest and most powerful ship—"Regent" and "Marie-la-Cordelière" (or simply "Cordelière")—was destroyed by a large explosion aboard the latter.

neg: Clubmen Clubmen were bands of local defence vigilantes during the English Civil War (1642–1651) who tried to protect their localities against the excesses of the armies of both sides in the war. They sought to join together to prevent their wives and daughters being raped by soldiers of both sides, themselves being forcibly conscripted to fight by one side or the other, their crops and property being damaged or seized by the armies and their lives threatened or intimidated by soldiers, battle followers, looters, deserters or refugees. As their name suggests, they were mostly armed with cudgels, flails, scythes and sickles fastened to long poles. They were otherwise unarmed.

neg: Brutus of Troy Brutus, or Brute of Troy, is a legendary descendant of the Trojan hero Aeneas, known in medieval British history as the eponymous founder and first king of Britain. This legend first appears in the "Historia Britonum", an anonymous 9th-century historical compilation to which commentary was added by Nennius, but is best known from the account given by the 12th-century chronicler Geoffrey of Monmouth in his "Historia Regum Britanniae". Notwithstanding this, he is not mentioned in any classical text and cannot be considered to be historical.

neg: The Scottish Play The Scottish Play and The Bard's Play are euphemisms for William Shakespeare's "Macbeth". The first is a reference to the play's Scottish setting, the second a reference to Shakespeare's popular nickname. According to a theatrical superstition, called the "Scottish curse", speaking the name "Macbeth" inside a theatre will cause disaster. A variation of the superstition also forbids quoting it within a theatre except as part of an actual rehearsal or performance of the play.

neg: Star-crossed "Star-crossed" or "star-crossed lovers" is a phrase describing a pair of lovers whose relationship is often thwarted by outside forces. The term encompasses other meanings, but originally means the pairing is being "thwarted by a malign star" or that the stars are working against the relationship. Astrological in origin, the phrase stems from the belief that the positions of the stars ruled over people's fates, and is best known from the play "Romeo and Juliet" by the Elizabethan playwright William Shakespeare. Such pairings are often said to be doomed from the start.

neg: King Claudius King Claudius is a fictional character and the primary antagonist of William Shakespeare's tragedy "Hamlet". He is the brother to King Hamlet, second husband to Gertrude and uncle and later stepfather to Hamlet. He obtained the throne of Denmark by murdering his own brother with poison and then marrying the late king's widow. He is loosely based on the Jutish chieftain Feng who appears in "Chronicon Lethrense" and in Saxo Grammaticus' "Gesta Danorum". There had never been an actual Danish King of that name.

neg: List of Band of Brothers episodes HBO's "Band of Brothers", a ten-part television World War II miniseries based on the book of the same title written by historian and biographer Stephen E. Ambrose, was executive produced by Steven Spielberg and Tom Hanks after their collaboration on the World War II film "Saving Private Ryan" (1998). The episodes first aired in 2001 on HBO and are still run frequently on various TV networks around the world.

neg: Henry Martin (song) "Henry Martin" (also "Henry Martyn" or "The Lofty Tall Ship") is a traditional Scottish folk song about Henry Martin, a seafarer who turns to piracy to support his two older brothers.

neg: Battle of Stamford Bridge The Battle of Stamford Bridge took place at the village of Stamford Bridge, East Riding of Yorkshire, in England on 25 September 1066, between an English army under King Harold Godwinson and an invading Norwegian force led by King Harald Hardrada and the English king's brother Tostig Godwinson. After a bloody battle, both Hardrada and Tostig along with most of the Norwegians were killed. Although Harold Godwinson repelled the Norwegian invaders, his army was defeated by the Normans at Hastings less than three weeks later. The battle has traditionally been presented as symbolising the end of the Viking Age, although major Scandinavian campaigns in Britain and Ireland occurred in the following decades, such as those of King Sweyn Estrithson of Denmark in 1069–1070 and King Magnus Barefoot of Norway in 1098 and 1102–1103.

neg: Robin of Redesdale Robin of Redesdale, sometimes called "Robin Mend-All", was the leader of an insurrection against King Edward IV of England. His true identity is unknown, but it is thought he could have been either Sir John Conyers of Hornby (d. 1490) or his brother Sir William Conyers of Marske (d. 1469), or even both. Whoever he was, the power behind his rebellion was Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick ("Warwick the Kingmaker").

neg: Francis Augustus Collier Rear Admiral Sir Francis Augustus Collier, CB, KCH (c. 1783 – 28 October 1849) was a senior officer of the British Royal Navy during the early nineteenth century. Born into a naval family, Collier served in the French Revolutionary Wars and fought at the Battle of the Nile on Horatio Nelson's flagship. During the Napoleonic Wars he was engaged in campaigns in the West Indies and in 1819 he commanded an operation against pirates in the Persian Gulf. He remained in service for the next thirty years, holding several commands before his death in 1849 as commander of the China Squadron at Hong Kong.

neg: Young Siward Young Siward is a character in William Shakespeare’s play "Macbeth" (1606). He is the son of Siward, general of the English forces in the battle against Macbeth. Macbeth kills him in the final battle, shortly before his swordfight with Lord Macduff.

neg: Trafalgar Campaign The Trafalgar Campaign was a long and complicated series of fleet manoeuvres carried out by the combined French and Spanish fleets; and the opposing moves of the Royal Navy during much of 1805. These were the culmination of French plans to force a passage through the English Channel, and so achieve a successful invasion of the United Kingdom. The plans were extremely complicated and proved to be impractical. Much of the detail was due to the personal intervention of Napoleon, who as a soldier rather than a sailor failed to consider the effects of weather, difficulties in communication, and the Royal Navy. Despite limited successes in achieving some elements of the plan the French commanders were unable to follow the main objective through to execution. The campaign, which took place over thousands of miles of ocean, was marked by several naval engagements, most significantly at the Battle of Trafalgar on 21 October, where the combined fleet was decisively defeated, and from which the campaign takes its name. A final mopping up action at the Battle of Cape Ortegal on 4 November completed the destruction of the combined fleet, and secured the supremacy of the Royal Navy at sea.

neg: The Battle of the Books "The Battle of the Books" is the name of a short satire written by Jonathan Swift and published as part of the prolegomena to his "A Tale of a Tub" in 1704. It depicts a literal battle between books in the King's Library (housed in St. James's Palace at the time of the writing), as ideas and authors struggle for supremacy. Because of the satire, "The Battle of the Books" has become a term for the Quarrel of the Ancients and the Moderns.


query: Renowned persons Lee Tamahori and Robert Gregson share what pop-culture profession?

pos: Lee Tamahori Lee Tamahori (born 17 June 1950) is a New Zealand filmmaker best known for directing 1994 film "Once Were Warriors" and 2002 James Bond film "Die Another Day".

pos: Robert Gregson Robert Gregson is an American filmmaker. During the reconstruction of the Ed Sullivan Theater for the new Late Show with Stephen Colbert, Gregson directed "Envisioning a New Home for The Late Show", a viral mini-doc about the renovation. Gregson's short film "The Refrigerator" won the Best New Director Award at the 2015 Brooklyn Film Festival. In 2015, Gregson and Local Empire Productions raised $35,635 on Kickstarter to produce the feature film "Trivia Night", a dark comedy about an underground pub quiz trivia legend in NYC. Trivia Night earned the Best Feature Film Award at the 2016 Omaha Film Festival.

neg: Taky Kimura Taky Kimura (born March 12, 1924) is a Japanese American martial artist who is best known as being one of Bruce Lee's top students and closest friends - and a certified instructor in Jun Fan Gung Fu, personally certified by Bruce Lee himself. Kimura was also the best man at Bruce Lee's wedding, and one of eight pallbearers during Bruce Lee's funeral, the others including Dan Inosanto, Steve McQueen, Chuck Norris, James Coburn, George Lazenby, Ray Chin and Robert Lee, Bruce's brother.

neg: Robert Popwell Robert Lee "Pops" Popwell (born c. December 29, 1946) is a jazz-funk bass guitarist.

neg: Robert Brownjohn Robert Brownjohn (August 8, 1925 – August 1, 1970) was an American graphic designer known for blending formal graphic design concepts with wit and 1960s pop culture. He is best known for his motion picture title sequences, especially "From Russia with Love" and "Goldfinger".

neg: Robert McKimson Robert Porter "Bob" McKimson, Sr. (October 13, 1910 – September 29, 1977) was an American animator, illustrator, and director best known for his work on the "Looney Tunes" and "Merrie Melodies" series of cartoons from Warner Bros., and later DePatie-Freleng Enterprises. He was also well known for defining Bugs Bunny's look in 1943.

neg: Glen Trosch Glen Trosch (born August 4, 1963) is an American businessman considered an expert in the field of popular culture collectibles and memorabilia. His primary areas of expertise are toys of the 1960s and 1970s, underground comix and vintage rock concert posters. Trosch is the owner of "Psychedelic Art Exchange", the world’s leading dealer in museum quality vintage 1960s concert posters.

neg: Laurie Johnson Laurence Reginald Ward Johnson MBE (born 7 February 1927) is an English composer and bandleader who has written scores for dozens of film and television series and has been one of the most highly regarded arrangers of instrumental pop and swing music since in the 1950s with works often serving as stock production music.

neg: Greg Laurie Greg Laurie (born December 10, 1952) is an American author and pastor who serves as the senior pastor of Harvest Christian Fellowship in Riverside, California, Harvest Church at Kumulani in Kapalua, Hawaii, and Harvest Orange County in Irvine, California.

neg: Philip Dadson Philip Dadson is a New Zealand musician and artist, who was in the foundation group for the Scratch Orchestra and founder of From Scratch. He was made an Arts Laureate by the Arts Foundation of New Zealand in 2001, and an Officer of the New Zealand Order of Merit in 2005. He lectured at the Elam School of Fine Arts, part of the University of Auckland from 1977, leaving in 2001 to take up full-time art practice.

neg: Clive Gregson Clive James Gregson (born 4 January 1955, Ashton-under-Lyne, Tameside, England) is an English singer/songwriter, musician and record producer. He has toured in bands, provided backup for well-known musicians, and written songs that have been covered by Kim Carnes, Norma Waterson and Nanci Griffith. He is featured in Hugh Gregory's 2002 book "1,000 Great Guitarists".

neg: Bruce Lee Lee Jun-fan (; November 27, 1940 – July 20, 1973), known professionally as Bruce Lee, was a Hong Kong and American actor, film director, martial artist, martial arts instructor, philosopher and founder of the martial art Jeet Kune Do. Lee was the son of Cantonese opera star Lee Hoi-chuen. He is widely considered by commentators, critics, media, and other martial artists to be one of the most influential martial artists of all time, and a pop culture icon of the 20th century. He is often credited with helping to change the way Asians were presented in American films.

neg: Larry Lee (artist) Larry Lee (born August 7, 1962) is an American multimedia artist, curator, and professor at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago (SAIC). He works primarily in video, installation and sculptural projects with a strong conceptual approach. His work focuses on political, cultural and historical issues concerning the Asian American experience. He calls this "Orientalia" which he describes as "[having] to do with... the physical and nonphysical, with what people associate with being oriental." He is deeply involved in the Chicago Asian American community through affiliations with FAAIM, Molar Productions, Destin"Asian""," the Asian American Artist Collective, Center for Asian Arts and Media at Columbia College, Association of Asian American Studies, Diasporic Asian Artists Network and the Chinatown Centennial Celebration Committee.

neg: Riley Lee Riley Kelly Lee (born 1951) is an American-born Australian-based shakuhachi player and teacher. In 1980 he became the first non-Japanese person to attain the rank of Dai Shihan (grand master) in the shakuhachi tradition. He is a recipient of two of the most revered lineages of shakuhachi playing, descending from the original Zen Buddhist "priests of nothingness" of the Edo period (1600-1868 CE). His first teachers were Hoshida Ichizan II and Chikuho Sakai II. A later teacher was the late Katsuya Yokoyama (d. 2010).

neg: James Lee (writer) Jim Aitchison (born 1947), better known by his pen name James Lee, is a Singaporean author.

neg: Bob Kuwahara Rokuro "Bob" Kuwahara (August 12, 1901 – 1964) was a Japanese-born American animator best known for his work with Walt Disney and Terrytoons between the 1930s and 1960s.

neg: Tami Neilson Tamara (Tami) Neilson is a Canadian-born, New Zealand-based country & soul singer/songwriter, winner of the 2014 APRA Silver Scroll Awards and Best Country Song Award, winner of the Best Country Album at the New Zealand Music Awards in 2009, 2010, 2012, and 2015, and Best Female Artist at the New Zealand Country Music Awards in 2010, 2011 & 2014. Her album 'Don't Be Afraid' debuted at No. 1 on the New Zealand Music Charts, and her previous release 'Dynamite!' was listed in The Guardian as one of the top ten country albums of the year for 2014.

neg: Bob Mader Robert Darryl "Bob" Mader (January 3, 1943 – November 4, 2005) was an American photographer. James Yood of the Art Institute of Chicago said that Mader would be "remembered and prized as a major portraitist of the late 20th century"

neg: Super Greg Super Greg is a fictional DJ created by copywriter Linus Karlsson and creative director Paul Malmström for the Minneapolis advertising agency Fallon McElligott as part of a viral marketing campaign for American jeans company, Lee Jeans in 1999. The campaign launched with a one-page website (www.supergreg.com) and culminated in a TV commercial where Super Greg has a showdown with Lee's mascot, Buddy Lee.

neg: Tom Sito Tom Sito (born May 19, 1956) is a well-known American animator, animation historian and teacher. In 1998 Sito was included by "Animation Magazine" in their list of the One Hundred Most Important People in Animation.

neg: Robert J. H. Morrison Robert J. H. Morrison (born 6 January 1961) is a Canadian author, editor, academic, and professor of English at Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario. He is a scholar of late eighteenth- and nineteenth-century literature and culture, particularly of Romanticism and the works of Thomas De Quincey.

neg: Ryo Takamisaki Ryo Takamisaki (鷹岬 諒 , Takamisaki Ryō , born August 14, 1963) is a Japanese manga artist known for his work on the manga series "Megaman NT Warrior" which was adapted into an anime franchise.