query: The designer of the Caja Madrid Obelisk was born in what year?

pos: Caja Madrid Obelisk The Caja Madrid Obelisk (Spanish: "Obelisco de la Caja" ) is an obelisk designed by Santiago Calatrava located in the Plaza de Castilla in Madrid, Spain. It was donated by the bank Caja Madrid to the city.

pos: Santiago Calatrava Santiago Calatrava Valls (born 28 July 1951) is a Spanish architect, structural engineer, sculptor and painter, particularly known for his bridges supported by single leaning pylons, and his railway stations, stadiums, and museums, whose sculptural forms often resemble living organisms. His best-known works include the Milwaukee Art Museum, the Turning Torso tower in Malmö, Sweden, the Margaret Hunt Hill Bridge in Dallas, Texas, and his largest project, the City of Arts and Sciences and Opera House, in his birthplace, Valencia. His architectural firm has offices in New York City, Doha, and Zürich.

neg: Kiko Argüello Francisco José Gómez de Argüello y Wirtz (born January 9, 1939) is a Spanish artist and, together with Carmen Hernández, co-initiator of the Neocatechumenal Way. Argüello was born in León, he studied fine arts at the Royal Academy of San Fernando in Madrid and in 1959 was awarded a Special National Prize for Painting. In 1964, he began the Neocatechumenal Way in the slum of Palomeras Altas in Madrid.

neg: Jaime Sabartés Jaime Sabartés Gual (Catalan: "Jaume Sabartés i Gual" ), born Barcelona 10 June 1881 died Paris 12 February 1968, was a Catalan Spanish artist, poet and writer. He was a close personal friend of Pablo Picasso and later became his secretary/administrator.

neg: Pérez Celis Celis Pérez (January 15, 1939August 2, 2008) was an Argentine artist usually referred to as Pérez Celis. He earned international recognition for his paintings, sculptures, murals and engravings.

neg: Fernando Álvarez de Sotomayor y Zaragoza Fernando Álvarez de Sotomayor y Zaragoza (Ferrol, September 25, 1875 – Madrid, March 17, 1960) was a Galician (Spanish) painter.

neg: Javier de Villota Javier de Villota (Madrid, 1994) is a Spanish painter, sculptor and architect who comes from two generations of artists, being the great-grandson of José Diaz y Palma and grandnephew of José Gutierrez Solana who deeply influenced his career.

neg: Juan Antonio Buschiazzo Juan Antonio Buschiazzo (October 29, 1845May 13, 1917) was an Italian-born Argentine architect and engineer who contributed to the modernisation of Buenos Aires, Argentina in the 1880s and to the construction of the city of La Plata, the new capital of the Buenos Aires Province.

neg: Alonzo Cano Alonzo Cano or Alonso Cano (19 March 16013 September 1667) was a Spanish painter, architect and sculptor born in Granada.

neg: Antonio Vázquez Romero Antonio Vázquez Romero (born 23 November 1951, Córdoba, Spain) is the Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of Iberia.

neg: Emilio Tuñón Emilio Tuñón Álvarez (born 1 January 1959 in Madrid) is a Spanish architect. In 2014, Mansilla + Tuñón Architects received the Gold Medal of Merit in the Fine Arts (Spain) from the Spanish Ministry of Culture.

neg: Ricardo Bastida Ricardo Bastida (15 August 1879 in Bilbao, Spain – 15 October 1953) was a Basque architect who made important buildings in Bilbao and Madrid. In 1923 he proposed a plan of extension of Bilbao to the mouth of Abra, a visionary project that would result in the current metropolitan area.

neg: Eusebio Zuloaga Eusebio Zuloaga González (Madrid, 15 December 1808 - Deusto, Bilbao 1898), was a Spanish gunsmith. He is considered the initiator of the art of modern damascening. He was the first Spanish artist who achieved an international reputation, participating in the first international exhibition, The Great Exhibition in London in 1851. He received several awards in Spain, England, France, and Belgium. Zuloaga was director of the Royal Armoury of Madrid. Zuloaga served as head of the Royal Factory of La Moncloa.

neg: Franca Helg Franca Helg (21 February 1920 Milan – 4 June 1989 Milan) was an Italian designer and architect.

neg: Francisco de Paula del Villar y Lozano Francisco de Paula del Villar y Lozano, (Murcia, 1828 – Barcelona, 1901) was a Spanish architect.

neg: Juan José Sebreli Juan José Pérez Sebreli (seˈbɾɛli ; born 3 November 1930) is an Argentine sociologist, essayist and philosopher. Throughout his intellectual work, he concentrated on the notions of reason, city and everyday life.

neg: Pablo de Azcárate Pablo de Azcárate y Flórez (1890 – 1971) was a Spanish diplomat. He was born in Madrid. During the 1920s he worked in Minorities Section of the League of Nations Secretariat. During the Spanish Civil War,

neg: Javier Solana Francisco Javier Solana de Madariaga, KOGF (] ; born 14 July 1942) is a Spanish physicist and Socialist politician. After serving in the Spanish government under Felipe González (1982–1995) and Secretary General of NATO (1995–1999), he was appointed the European Union's High Representative for Common Foreign and Security Policy, Secretary General of the Council of the European Union and Secretary-General of the Western European Union and held these posts from October 1999 until December 2009.

neg: Ramón Xirau Ramón Xirau Subías (] , ] ) (Barcelona, Spain, 20 January 1924 – Mexico City, 26 July 2017) was a Spanish-born Mexican poet, philosopher and literary critic.

neg: Alvar Aalto Hugo Alvar Henrik Aalto (] ; 3 February 1898 – 11 May 1976) was a Finnish architect and designer. His work includes architecture, furniture, textiles and glassware, as well as sculptures and paintings, though he never regarded himself as an artist, seeing painting and sculpture as "branches of the tree whose trunk is architecture." Aalto's early career runs in parallel with the rapid economic growth and industrialization of Finland during the first half of the twentieth century and many of his clients were industrialists; among these were the Ahlström-Gullichsen family. The span of his career, from the 1920s to the 1970s, is reflected in the styles of his work, ranging from Nordic Classicism of the early work, to a rational International Style Modernism during the 1930s to a more organic modernist style from the 1940s onwards. What is typical for his entire career, however, is a concern for design as a Gesamtkunstwerk, a "total work of art"; whereby he – together with his first wife Aino Aalto – would design not just the building, but give special treatments to the interior surfaces and design furniture, lamps, and furnishings and glassware. His furniture designs are considered Scandinavian Modern, in the sense of a concern for materials, especially wood, and simplification but also technical experimentation, which led to him receiving patents for various manufacturing processes, such as bent wood. The Alvar Aalto Museum, designed by Aalto himself, is located in what is regarded as his home city Jyväskylä.

neg: Palace of Altamira (Madrid) The Palace of Altamira (Spanish: "Palacio de Altamira"), abbreviated Altamira Palace, is a palace located at number 8 Calle de la Flor Alta, near the Gran Via in Madrid, Spain. It was declared "Bien de Interés Cultural" (a national monument) in 1977. It was designed by the architect, Ventura Rodríguez, in 1772.

neg: José Álvarez Cubero José Álvarez Cubero (23 April 176826 November 1827) was a Spanish sculptor in the neoclassical style.


query: Wizkid, who's self-titled second album goes by the name "Ayo" worked with Maleek Shoyebi who is more commonly known as what?

pos: Ayo (Wizkid album) Ayo (Yoruba: "Joy" ; stylized as Ayọ (Joy)) is the self-titled second studio album by Nigerian recording artist Wizkid. It was released on September 17, 2014, by Starboy Entertainment and Empire Mates Entertainment. It is the follow-up to his debut album, "Superstar" (2011). The long-awaited album was postponed twice due to difficulty in track selection. Preceding the album's release were the singles "Jaiye Jaiye", "On Top Your Matter", "One Question", "Joy", "Bombay" and "Show You The Money". As one of the executive producers of the album, Wizkid collaborated with record producers such as Sarz, Shizzi, Uhuru, Del B, Dokta Frabz, Maleek Berry, Legendury Beatz and Spellz. The album features guest appearances from Femi Kuti, Seyi Shay, Yemi Sax, Akon, Banky W., Phyno, Tyga and Wale. Upon its release, "Ayo" was met with mixed reviews from music critics who had a difference of opinion about the album. Some critics complimented the album's production, song arrangement, and sound quality, while others were disenchanted with its lyrical theme.

pos: Maleek Berry Maleek Shoyebi, popularly known as Maleek Berry, is a British-born Nigerian record producer and recording artist. After his break into the spotlight in 2012, Maleek Berry was nominated in the "Music Producer of the Year" category at the 2014 Nigeria Entertainment Awards. Maleek Berry has worked with prominent artists such as Wizkid, Davido, Wale, Fuse ODG, Runtown and Iyanya.

neg: Gak Jonze Micah Lei (born 17 June 1982), better known by the stage name Gak Jonze, is an English rapper. He released his debut album, "Intelligent Mess" , in 2013, through his own label Mykali Records. He has self funded his own solo tour in United Arab Emirates, Oman, Bahrain, and Thailand, and is currently working on his follow up album touring on his current tour in China.

neg: Ayo Shonaiya Ayo Shonaiya is a filmmaker and TV Producer. He is also a lawyer and music talent agent who has managed many of Nigeria's top artists. The list include Fuji music star Wasiu Ayinde Marshall (K1 De Ultimate), pop star D'banj, music producer Don Jazzy and rapper Eldee the Don. He has also represented former beauty queen and rapper Muna and global music star Akon. He is the founder of entertainment and media management company R70 Media Group in the UK, also known as The RMG Company.

neg: Azekel Azekel Adesuyi, who uses the mononymous stage name Azekel, is a Nigerian born, British singer-songwriter, musician and producer from East London. Azekel has released three solo EPs: "Circa", (2013), "Raw, Vol. 1", (2015) and "Raw, Vol. 2", (2016).

neg: R.A.P. Music R.A.P. Music is the fifth studio album by American hip hop recording artist Killer Mike. It was released on May 15, 2012, via Williams Street Records. The word "R.A.P." in the album's title is an acronym for "Rebellious African People". The album's production was handled entirely by Brooklyn-based hip-hop producer El-P, and is the first collaborative project by Killer Mike and El-P. Killer Mike and El-P have gone on to form the group Run The Jewels and release three studio albums together.

neg: Shono Habib Wahid's album Shono," stylized as শোন!", was released on November 9, 2006. It is Habib Wahid's first solo album, and fourth studio album overall. The album has 9 tracks in total, which were all composed and produced by Habib Wahid. Habib also served as the main vocalist for album, singing every song except for "Calenderer Pata", which is sung by his father Ferdous Wahid. The album features a wide range of genres such as world, pop, EDM, and more.

neg: Nique les clones, Pt. II "Nique les clones, Pt. II" is a song by French hip hop artist Nekfeu, produced by himself and DJ Elite. It was released on May 25, 2015 as the third single from his debut studio album "Feu".

neg: List of awards and nominations received by Wizkid As of June 2017, Nigerian recording artist Wizkid has received a total of 43 awards from 157 nominations. He is the recipient of two BET Awards, three Billboard Music Awards, two iHeartRadio Music Awards, one MTV Europe Music Awards, four MTV Africa Music Awards, one iHeartRadio Much Music Video Awards,two SoundCity MVP Awards, one African Pride Award, two MOBO Award, six The Headies Awards, two Channel O Music Video Awards, six Nigeria Entertainment Awards, two Ghana Music Awards, two Dynamix All Youth Awards, two City People Entertainment Awards, and a Future Award. In addition, he has been nominated five times at the MTV Europe Music Awards, three times at the American Music Awards, once at the Grammy Awards, as well as four times at the World Music Awards.

neg: Young M.A Katorah Marrero (born April 3, 1992), better known by her stage name Young M.A, is an American rapper. She is best known for her 2016 hit single "Ooouuu".

neg: ASAP Twelvyy Jamel Phillips (born May 30, 1989), better known as his stage name ASAP Twelvyy (stylized as A$AP Twelvyy), is an American rapper from Bronx, New York City. He is a member of the hip hop group ASAP Mob, from which he adopted his moniker. In 2014, he released the song "Xscape", the second single to the ASAP Mob's debut album "L.O.R.D.". The album was supposed to be released in 2014, but it was officially scrapped. On August 4, 2017, ASAP Twelvyy released his debut album, titled "12".

neg: MC Router Abedah Ritchie (born 5 May 1986), is a former Nerdcore rapper, formerly Kristin Nicole Ritchie and better known by the stage name MC Router. In 2009 she worked in the Netherlands under the new stage name Krisje before leaving hip hop altogether. Ritchie later converted to Islam, changing her given name to Abedah, and became a translator. Her conversion has caused problems with her family.

neg: Lil' Mo Cynthia Karen Loving, (born November 19, 1978) best known by her stage name Lil' Mo, is an American R&B singer, radio personality, songwriter, and record producer. She debuted on the music scene as Missy Elliott's protégée and contributed guest vocals to some of Elliott's work, most notably the record-breaking "Hot Boyz". Under the wing of Elliott, Lil' Mo would land a contract deal with Elektra Records and release charting singles of her own, including "Ta Da", "Superwoman Pt. II", "4Ever", "Hot Girls", and her debut single "5 Minutes".

neg: Rahki Columbus Smith III, better known by his stage name Rahki (sometimes Rahk or Rahki Beats), is a Grammy award winning American record producer and songwriter from Los Angeles, California. He is known for his work with mentor DJ Khalil and acts such as Eminem, Kendrick Lamar, Currensy, Evidence, Schoolboy Q, 50 Cent, Domo Genesis, Lecrae, Aloe Blacc, and more.

neg: Kim Ryeowook Kim Ryeo-wook (born June 21, 1987), better known by the mononym Ryeowook, is a South Korean singer and actor. He is a member of the South Korean boy band Super Junior and its subgroups, Super Junior-K.R.Y. and Super Junior-M. Along with four other Super Junior members, he is one of the first Korean artists to appear on Chinese postage stamps. He made his solo debut and released first solo album "The Little Prince" in 2016. He released his duet Cosmic with Bada in 23 September 2016 before he went for enlistment in 11 October 2016 .

neg: Spek Hussain Yoosuf, better known by his stage name Spek, is a Canadian hip hop musician. He is best known for his singles "Smell the Coffee" and "I'm a Hippie". He is also a former member of Canadian hip hop pioneers, Dream Warriors and more recently known for his work as a music publisher.

neg: Freeman (rapper) Malek Brahimi (also known as Abdelmalek Sultan), better known by his stage name Freeman, is a French hip hop artist and breakdancer. He is a member of the successful hip hop group IAM together with Akhenaton, Shurik'n, Khéops, Imhotep, and Kephren. He has also worked as a solo artist and an actor. Freeman lives in Marseille, but says that he is above all an Internationalist.

neg: Baddest Boy "Baddest Boy" is a song by E.M.E acts Wizkid, Skales, and Banky W. It was released on April 2, 2012, serving as the lead single from the label's compilation album, "Empire Mates State of Mind" (2012). A leaked version of the song, featuring vocals from Wizkid and Skales, surfaced on the internet prior to its official release. According to OkayAfrica, "Baddest Boy" is a banger with synths that resemble a heavily screwed “Akpako Master”. The song was produced by Legendury Beatz.

neg: Mama Africa (Yemi Alade album) Mama Africa, stylized as Mama Africa: The Diary of an African Woman, is the second studio album by Nigerian singer Yemi Alade. It was released on March 25, 2016, by Effyzzie Music Group. The album is the follow-up to her debut album, "King of Queens" (2014). It features guest appearances from P-Square, Sarkodie, Sauti Sol, Flavour N'abania, Rotimi Keys, DJ Arafat and Selebobo, with production from GospelOnDeBeatz, DJ Coublon, Selebobo, Philkeyz, BeatsByEmzo, Masterkraft, Rotimi Keys and Mr. Chidoo.

neg: Wanted (Wande Coal album) Wanted is the second album by Nigerian singer Wande Coal. It was released on October 26, 2015 under the Black Diamond label, six years after his debut album "Mushin To Mo’Hits". The album features a number of other artist including AKA, 2face, Burna Boy and Wizkid.

neg: Chang Chen-yue Chang Chen-yue, also known as A-Yue, and by his Amis name Ayal Komod (; born 2 May 1974) is a Taiwanese rock musician. He is known for his 1998 hit song ""Ai Wo Bie Zou"". He is a songwriter, singer and guitarist, and also a dance music DJ under the name DJ Orange. Chang is also the frontman of his band, Free Night, also known as Free9. On his LP "Useless Guy", Chang crossed into Hip hop music in a collaboration with rapper MC HotDog in the song ""Wo Yao Qian"" (I Want Money)(SW). They repeated the collaboration on Chang's subsequent EP, "Goodbye". From 2008 to 2010 he was a member of Superband.

neg: Wiyaala Noella Wiyaala (known under the stage name Wiyaala) is Ghanaian Afro pop singer-songwriter who sings in her native Sissala and Waale dialects and English, often combining all three languages within her songs. She has attained public renown with her single "Make Me Dance" and her androgynous image. After making her name in reality shows in Accra, she established a solo career in 2013 with the hit single "Rock My Body", which won her two awards at the 2014 first edition of the All Africa Music Awards, the Most Promising Artiste in Africa and Revelation of The African Continent. Wiyaala is also associated with UNICEF Ghana and the Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection of Ghana in campaigns against child marriage, child poverty, health and sanitation.She headlined the 15th London African Music Festival in London.


query: What part of the United States government is responsible for The Appalachian Regional Development Act of 1965?

pos: Appalachian Regional Development Act The Appalachian Regional Development Act of 1965 established the Appalachian Regional Commission (ARC), which was tasked with overseeing economic development programs in the Appalachia region, as well as the construction of the Appalachian Highway Development System. Membership included representatives from New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Maryland, West Virginia, Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi, as well as one federal appointee.

pos: Appalachian Regional Commission The Appalachian Regional Commission (ARC) is a United States federal-state partnership that works with the people of Appalachia to create opportunities for self-sustaining economic development and improved quality of life. Congress established ARC to bring the region into socioeconomic parity with the rest of the nation.

neg: National Capital Planning Commission The National Capital Planning Commission (NCPC) is a U.S. government agency that provides planning guidance for Washington, D.C., and the surrounding National Capital Region. Through its planning policies and review of development proposals, the Commission seeks to protect and enhance the extraordinary resources of the national capital.

neg: Elective Governor Acts of 1968 The Elective Governor Acts of 1968 are a pair of acts passed by the 90th United States Congress in 1968, which provide for the Governor of the U.S. Virgin Islands and the Governor of Guam to be popularly elected, rather than appointed as they had been up to that point. The two acts are individually titled the Virgin Islands Elective Governor Act (Pub.L. 90-496, 82 Stat. 837, passed 23 August 1968) and the Guam Elective Governor Act (Pub.L. 90-497, 82 Stat. 842, passed 1 September 1968). The impetus for the acts came from extensive lobbying efforts by both Guamanians and Virgin Islanders. The Guam Legislature, led by Speaker Antonio Borja Won Pat, had begun lobbying Congress for popular elections in 1962. In the Virgin Islands, the act stemmed from the recommendations of the territory's first Constitutional Convention in 1964–5, which included the popular election of the governor. The acts were seen as a breakthrough for political reform both in Guam and the Virgin Islands. The Guam act was controversial, however, for authorizing federal auditing of the territory's accounts by the Interior Department—a practice that remained in place as of 1995.

neg: Federal lands Federal lands are lands in the United States for which ownership is claimed by the U.S. federal government, pursuant to of the United States Constitution. The United States Supreme Court has repeatedly held that this section empowers Congress to retain federal lands, to regulate federal lands such as by limiting cattle grazing, and to sell such lands. As of March 2012, out of the 2.27 billion acres (918.6 million hectares) in the country, about 28% of the total was owned by the Federal government according to the Interior Department. The United States Supreme Court has upheld the broad powers of the federal government to deal with federal lands, for example having unanimously held in "Kleppe v. New Mexico" that "the complete power that Congress has over federal lands under this clause necessarily includes the power to regulate and protect wildlife living there, state law notwithstanding."

neg: Council of the District of Columbia The Council of the District of Columbia is the legislative branch of the local government of the District of Columbia. As permitted in the United States Constitution, the District is not part of any U.S. state and is instead overseen directly by the federal government. Since 1973, the United States Congress has devolved certain powers to the Council that would typically be exercised by state legislatures. However, Congress maintains supreme authority over the federal district and therefore all acts of the Council are subject to congressional review and may be overturned. The Council meets in the John A. Wilson Building in downtown Washington.

neg: Bureau of Land Management The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) is an agency within the United States Department of the Interior that administers more than 247.3 e6acre of public lands in the United States which constitutes one-eighth of the landmass of the country. President Harry S. Truman created the BLM in 1946 by combining two existing agencies: the General Land Office and the Grazing Service. The agency manages the federal government's nearly 700 e6acre of subsurface mineral estate located beneath federal, state and private lands severed from their surface rights by the Homestead Act of 1862. Most BLM public lands are located in these 12 western states: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington and Wyoming.

neg: Mount Rogers National Recreation Area Mount Rogers National Recreation Area is a United States National Recreation Area (NRA) located in southwestern Virginia near the border with Tennessee and North Carolina. The centerpiece of the recreation area is the Lewis Fork Wilderness containing Mount Rogers, the highest point in the state of Virginia with a summit elevation of 5,729 feet (1746 m). The recreation area is under the jurisdiction of the George Washington and Jefferson National Forests. The recreation area was established by an act of the United States Congress on May 31, 1966.

neg: Virginia Virginia ( , , officially the Commonwealth of Virginia) is a state in the Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States located between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains. Virginia is nicknamed the "Old Dominion" due to its status as the first English colonial possession established in mainland North America, and "Mother of Presidents" because eight U.S. presidents were born there, more than any other state. The geography and climate of the Commonwealth are shaped by the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Chesapeake Bay, which provide habitat for much of its flora and fauna. The capital of the Commonwealth is Richmond; Virginia Beach is the most populous city, and Fairfax County is the most populous political subdivision. The Commonwealth's estimated population as of 2017 is over 8.4 million.

neg: Multiple-Use Sustained-Yield Act of 1960 The Multiple Use - Sustained Yield Act of 1960 (or MUSYA) (Public Law 86-517) is a federal law passed by the United States Congress on June 12, 1960. This law authorizes and directs the Secretary of Agriculture to develop and administer the renewable resources of timber, range, water, recreation and wildlife on the national forests for multiple use and sustained yield of the products and services.

neg: Land and Water Conservation Fund The United States' Land and Water Conservation Fund (LWCF) is a Federal program that was established by Act of Congress in 1965 to provide funds and matching grants to federal, state and local governments for the acquisition of land and water, and easements on land and water, for the benefit of all Americans. The main emphases of the fund are recreation and the protection of national natural treasures in the forms of parks and protected forest and wildlife areas. The LWCF has a broad-based coalition of support and oversight, including the National Parks Conservation Association, Environment America, The Wilderness Society, the Land Trust Alliance, and the Nature Conservancy.

neg: Alabama Department of Environmental Management The Alabama Department of Environmental Management (ADEM) is a state government agency charged with the enforcement of environmental policy in the U.S. state of Alabama. It is authorized to adopt and enforce rules and regulations consistent with the statutory authority granted to the Alabama Environmental Management Commission and ADEM by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). It was created in 1982 with the passage of the Alabama Environmental Management Act by the Alabama Legislature. The act consolidated the various commissions, agencies, and programs that had been responsible for implementing environmental law into the Alabama Environmental Management Commission and ADEM. In past years, the agency has been repeatedly accused of not enforcing environmental regulations.

neg: Arkansas Geological Survey The Arkansas Geological Survey (AGS), formerly the 'Arkansas Geological Commission' (AGC), is a government agency of the State of Arkansas. It is responsible for the investigation of the geology, geologic processes, and geologic resources within the state. It encourages the considered management and utilization of the state's mineral, fossil-fuel, and water resources with attention to the potential environmental issues of that activity.

neg: National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 The National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA; Public Law 89-665; 54 U.S.C. 300101 "et seq.") is legislation intended to preserve historical and archaeological sites in the United States of America. The act created the National Register of Historic Places, the list of National Historic Landmarks, and the State Historic Preservation Offices.

neg: Federal Statistical System of the United States The Federal Statistical System of the United States is the decentralized network of federal agencies which produce data about the people, economy, natural resources, and infrastructure of the United States.

neg: Air Pollution Control Act The Air Pollution Control Act of 1955 (Pub.L. 84–159 , ch. 360, 69 Stat. 322 ) was the first Clean Air Act (United States) enacted by Congress to address the national environmental problem of air pollution on July 14, 1955. This was "an act to provide research and technical assistance relating to air pollution control". The act "left states principally in charge of prevention and control of air pollution at the source". The act declared that air pollution was a danger to public health and welfare, but preserved the "primary responsibilities and rights of the states and local government in controlling air pollution".

neg: Architect of the Capitol The Architect of the Capitol (AOC) is the federal agency responsible for the maintenance, operation, development, and preservation of the United States Capitol Complex, and also the head of that agency. The Architect of the Capitol is in the legislative branch and is responsible to the United States Congress and the Supreme Court.

neg: Mount Pleasant National Scenic Area Mount Pleasant National Scenic Area is a federally designated National Scenic Area within George Washington National Forest in Virginia, USA, to the north of Lynchburg. The 7580 acre scenic area is administered by the U.S. Forest Service. The scenic area includes a portion of the Appalachian Trail as it crosses Mount Pleasant (4071 ft ) and Pompey Mountain (4032 ft ). The area was designated a scenic area as an alternative to federal wilderness designation.

neg: National Weather Service The National Weather Service (NWS) is an agency of the United States federal government that is tasked with providing weather forecasts, warnings of hazardous weather, and other weather-related products to organizations and the public for the purposes of protection, safety, and general information. It is a part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) branch of the Department of Commerce, and is headquartered in Silver Spring, Maryland (located just outside Washington, D.C.). The agency was known as the United States Weather Bureau from 1890 until it adopted its current name in 1970.

neg: State cessions The state cessions are those areas of the United States that the separate states ceded to the federal government in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. The cession of these lands, which for the most part lay between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River, was key to establishing a harmonious union among the former British colonies.

neg: Environmental Quality Improvement Act The Environmental Quality Improvement Act of 1970 is a United States environmental law which was passed to work in conjunction with the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA). One of the two major purposes of the Act was to authorize the creation of an Office of Environmental Quality to provide the professional and administrative staff needed for the Council on Environmental Quality. The second major purpose was to "assure that each Federal department and agency conducting or supporting public works activities which affect the environment shall implement the policies under existing law". To accomplish these purposes, the act gave more responsibilities to the Chairman of the Council on Environmental Quality in his new role as Director of the Office of Environmental Quality.

neg: West Virginia Department of Transportation The West Virginia Department of Transportation is the state agency responsible for transportation in West Virginia. The Department of Transportation serves an umbrella organization for seven subsidiary agencies which are directly responsible for different areas of the state's infrastructure.


query: U.S. Route 95 Alternate and Interstate 80 in Nevada both travel through which town?

pos: U.S. Route 95 Alternate (Schurz–Fernley, Nevada) In the U.S. state of Nevada, U.S. Route 95 Alternate (US 95 Alt., sometimes referred to as US 95A) is an alternate route of U.S. Route 95 located in the western part of the state. It connects Schurz to Interstate 80 via the cities of Yerington and Fernley.

pos: Interstate 80 in Nevada Interstate 80 (I-80) traverses the northern portion of the U.S. state of Nevada. The freeway serves the Reno–Sparks metropolitan area and passes through the towns of Fernley, Lovelock, Winnemucca, Battle Mountain, Carlin, Elko, Wells and West Wendover on its way through the state.

neg: Lucky Boy, Nevada Lucky Boy was a town in Mineral County, Nevada, approximately 5 mi southwest of Hawthorne.

neg: Nevada State Route 48 State Route 48 is the previous designation for State Routes 399 and 854 from Interstate 80 (U.S. Route 40, State Route 1) at Lovelock northwest to near Eagle Picher Mine, then northwest along an unimproved road to meet former State Route 49 east of Gerlach.

neg: Nevada State Route 230 State Route 230 (SR 230) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Nevada. It is a southern loop route off of Interstate 80 (I-80) between Elko and Wells, serving the communities of Deeth and Welcome and various ranches within Starr Valley. The road follows a "U" shaped path entirely within Elko County, and passes close to the East Humboldt Range. The road was constructed by the early 1960s and designated a state highway by the early 1990s.

neg: Nevada State Route 117 State Route 117 (SR 117) is a state highway in Churchill County, Nevada. The route serves farm areas around the southwest side of the city of Fallon.

neg: Nevadaville, Colorado Nevadaville was a gold-mining town in Gilpin County, Colorado, United States. It was also known in the 1860s and 1870s as Nevada City. The post office at Nevadaville was called the Bald Mountain post office, to avoid confusion with other Nevadas and Nevadavilles. The community is now largely a ghost town, although not completely deserted. The Nevadaville Masonic Temple that started in 1861 still holds regular meetings.

neg: Nevada City, Nevada Nevada City is a ghost town in Churchill County, Nevada, United States, located just east of Fallon, Nevada near the current intersection of State Route 116 and U.S. Highway 50. It was founded in 1916 as a socialist community known as the Nevada Cooperative Colony, but due to misleading advertising, mismanagement, and possibly dubious financial dealings by the Nevada Colony Corporation's directors, who were connected with the similar Llano del Rio colony near Los Angeles, the project folded in 1919. Another contributing factor to its demise was the unpopularity of its anti-war position during World War I, which led to bloodshed when Churchill County Sheriff Mark Wildes attempted to arrest colonist Paul Walters as a draft evader. By 1919 most of the families had moved away and the colony fell into receivership.

neg: Strawberry, Nevada Strawberry is a ghost town in White Pine County in the U.S. state of Nevada along Nevada State Route 892. The town was known for its 12,000-tree orchard and huge fields of strawberries. Strawberry is mainly used today as a ranching settlement.

neg: Galena, Washoe County, Nevada Galena, Washoe County, Nevada is an abandoned town in Washoe County, Nevada, south of Reno. The portion of Reno just south of Mount Rose Highway and west of Steamboat Springs is also known as Galena.

neg: Duckwater, Nevada Duckwater is an American village located in the central portion of the U.S. state of Nevada, in the Duckwater Valley at about the same latitude as Sacramento, California. It is in Nye County, at the eastern edge of the Duckwater Indian Reservation, near the Red Mountain Wilderness at the end of Nevada State Route 379. The city of Las Vegas is about 200 miles to the south-southeast.

neg: Truckee, California Truckee (originally, Coburn Station) is an incorporated town in Nevada County, California, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the population was 16,180, reflecting an increase of 2,316 from the 13,864 counted in the 2000 Census.

neg: Pioneer, Nevada Pioneer is a ghost town in Nye County, in the U.S. state of Nevada. Beginning as a mining camp near the Mayflower and other gold mines in northern Bullfrog Hills, it became a formal town in 1908 and flourished briefly until fire destroyed much of its business district in 1909 and litigation delayed mining. Population peaked at an estimated 2,500 in 1908, and the community survived at least through the closing of the Pioneer post office in 1931. Mining continued near the town site through 1941. Few remnants of Pioneer structures survived through the end of the 20th century.

neg: Nevada State Route 60 Two highways in the U.S. state of Nevada have been signed as Route 60:

neg: Aurora, Nevada Aurora is a ghost town in Mineral County in the west central part of the US state of Nevada, approximately 22 mi southwest of the town of Hawthorne, three miles from the California border.

neg: Interstate 11 Interstate 11 (I-11) is an Interstate Highway in the U.S. state of Nevada that follows U.S. Route 93 (US 93) and US 95, officially designated by the United States Congress in the 2015 Fixing America's Surface Transportation Act. The first 2+1/2 mi southbound segment was opened on August 16, 2017, near Boulder City, Nevada. It is tentatively planned to run from Nogales, Arizona, to Reno, Nevada, along the current routes of I-19, I-10, US 93 and US 95.

neg: Nevada State Route 15 Two highways in the U.S. state of Nevada have been signed as Route 15:

neg: U.S. Route 95 in Nevada U.S. Route 95 (US 95) is a major U.S. highway traversing the U.S. state of Nevada from north to south directly through Las Vegas and providing connections to both Carson City (via US 50) and Reno (via Interstate 80). US 95 is cosigned with Interstate 80 for 95 mi between a junction in Churchill County and Winnemucca before heading north into Oregon at McDermitt.

neg: Las Vegas Boulevard Las Vegas Boulevard is a major, world famous road in the Las Vegas Valley of Nevada, best known for the Las Vegas Strip portion of the road and its casinos. Formerly carrying U.S. Route 91 (US 91), which had been the main highway between Los Angeles and Salt Lake City, it has been bypassed by Interstate 15, and serves mainly local traffic with some sections designated State Route 604.

neg: Nevada State Route 825 State Route 825 is a state highway in Lyon County, Nevada, United States. It runs along Gage Road from the beginning of pavement eastward to State Route 824 (Day Lane).

neg: Business routes of Interstate 80 Business routes of Interstate 80 exist in four states; California, Nevada, Utah, and Wyoming.

neg: Winchester, Nevada Winchester is an unincorporated town and census-designated place (CDP) and part of Las Vegas Township in Clark County, Nevada, United States that contains part of the Las Vegas Strip. It is one of a number of CDPs in the unincorporated urbanized area directly south of Las Vegas. The population was 27,978 at the 2010 census. It is governed by the Clark County Commission with advice from the Winchester Town Advisory Board. "Winchester, NV" does not appear in postal addresses; the United States Postal Service has assigned "Las Vegas, NV" as the place name for the ZIP codes containing Winchester.


query: What profession do Louise Glück and Paul Celan share?

pos: Louise Glück Louise Elisabeth Glück (born April 22, 1943) is an American poet. She was appointed Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress in 2003, after serving as a Special Bicentennial Consultant three years prior in 2000. She won the National Book Award for Poetry in 2014 for "Faithful and Virtuous Night".

pos: Paul Celan Paul Celan ( ; ] ; 23 November 1920 – c. 20 April 1970) was a Romanian-born German language poet and translator. He was born as Paul Antschel to a Jewish family in Cernăuți (German: Czernowitz), in the then Kingdom of Romania (now Chernivtsy, Ukraine), and adopted the pseudonym "Paul Celan". He became one of the major German-language poets of the post-World War II era.

neg: Louise Jobin Louise Jobin (born 29 September 1944) is a Canadian costume designer and art director who has worked in both film and television.

neg: Paul Livingston Paul James Livingston (born March 1956 in Sydney, NSW), popularly known as his alter ego Flacco, is an Australian comedian who has regularly appeared on many television shows, predominantly on ABC TV and Network Ten, including "Good News Week", "The Sandman and Flacco Special", "The Big Gig", "DAAS Kapital", "The Money or the Gun", "The Fat" and "The Sideshow". He also was on "Triple J Breakfast" from 1994 to 1997, "Doom Runners" (1997), and is on ABC Radio National. He has also acted on stage and in film. He was joint winner of the Sidney Myer Performing Arts Award in 1996 for outstanding achievement in the performing arts in Australia. Livingston also wrote the play "Emma's Nose" about the relationship of Sigmund Freud, Wilhelm Fliess and their patient Emma Eckstein.

neg: Louise Golbey Louise Golbey is a British singer, songwriter, and musician.

neg: Germaine Dulac Germaine Dulac (] ; born Charlotte Elisabeth Germaine Saisset-Schneider; 17 November 1882 – 20 July 1942) was a French filmmaker, film theorist, journalist and critic. She was born in Amiens and moved to Paris in early childhood. A few years after her marriage she embarked on a journalistic career in a feminist magazine, and later became interested in film. With the help of her husband and friend she founded a film company and directed a few commercial works before slowly moving into Impressionist and Surrealist territory. She is best known today for her Impressionist film, "La Souriante Madame Beudet" ("The Smiling Madam Beudet", 1922/23), and her Surrealist experiment, "La Coquille et le Clergyman" ("The Seashell and the Clergyman", 1928). Her career as filmmaker suffered after the introduction of sound film and she spent the last decade of her life working on newsreels for Pathé and Gaumont.

neg: Jack Gwynne Jack Gwynne (12 April 1895 – 7 December 1969) was an American illusionist, actor and creator of magic effects.

neg: Gerry Cowper Geraldine "Gerry" Cowper (born 23 June 1958) is an English actress who is best known for playing Rowan Morrison in the 1973 British Lion classic horror film, The Wicker Man and later as Rosie Miller in "EastEnders". In the mid-1980s she took the part of Clare France in "After Henry" on BBC radio and also appeared on television as Jim Hacker's daughter in "Yes Minister".

neg: Sharon Oreck Sharon Oreck (born April 10, 1955) is an American film, music video and commercial producer. She has Oscar and Grammy nominations in addition to other awards. She is credited with coining the term "populence". Oreck has been married to cinematographer Bill Pope since the 1980s. She was a cinema student at Los Angeles City College in Los Angeles.

neg: Louise Fresco Louise Ottilie Fresco (born 11 February 1952 in Meppel) is a Dutch scientist, director and writer.

neg: Paul Giger Paul Giger (born 1952 in Herisau, Switzerland), is a Swiss violinist and composer. He plays contemporary classical music, jazz, and free improvised music, and specializes in extended techniques.

neg: Louise Alexander Gallery Louise Alexander Gallery is a contemporary art gallery based in Porto Cervo, Italy. It was founded in 2007 by Frederic and Ayse Arnal. The gallery represents over fifteen artists including Barry X Ball, Enrique Martinez Celaya, Guy Bourdin, Marco Tirelli and Arik Levy.

neg: Sam Glucksberg Sam Glucksberg is a Canadian professor in the Psychology Department at Princeton University in New Jersey, known for his works on figurative language: metaphors, irony, sarcasm, and idioms. He is particularly known for manipulating the Candle Problem experiment which had participants figure out the best way to erect a candle on a wall. Along with performing experiments, Glucksberg has also written "Understanding Figurative Language: From Metaphors to Idioms", published by Oxford University Press in 2001.

neg: Louise De Hem Louise de Hem (1866–1922) was a Belgian painter. She grew up in Ypres, Belgium. Her talent was discovered by Théodore Ceriez (1831–1904), a painter who had married her sister Hélène. Since women were not yet admitted to the academies he educated her and already in 1885 her painting "De Oesters" (The Oysters) was exhibited at a salon in Spa. Jules Breton saw her work and encouraged her to go to Paris for further education.

neg: Charles Gleyre Marc Gabriel Charles Gleyre (2 May 1806 – 5 May 1874), was a Swiss artist, resident in France from an early age. He took over the studio of Paul Delaroche in 1843 and taught a number of younger artists who became prominent, including Claude Monet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Alfred Sisley, James Abbott McNeill Whistler, Auguste Toulmouche, and Louis-Frederic Schützenberger.

neg: Carol Bishop-Gwyn Carol Bishop-Gwyn is a Canadian writer and dance academic, best known as the author of "The Pursuit of Perfection: A Life of Celia Franca", a biography of Celia Franca published in 2011. The book was a shortlisted nominee for the Governor General's Award for English-language non-fiction at the 2012 Governor General's Awards, and for the 2013 Charles Taylor Prize.

neg: Françoise Mouly Françoise Mouly (] ; born 1955) is a Paris-born New York-based designer, editor, and publisher. She is best known as co-founder, co-editor, and publisher of the comics and graphics magazine "Raw" (1980–1991), as the publisher of Raw Books and Toon Books, and since 1993 as the art editor of "The New Yorker". Mouly is married to cartoonist Art Spiegelman, and is the mother of writer Nadja Spiegelman.

neg: Gene Hoglan Eugene "Gene" Victor Hoglan II (born August 31, 1967, in Dallas, Texas) is an American drummer, acclaimed for his creativity in drum arrangements, including use of abstract devices for percussion effects and his trademark lengthy double-kick drum rhythms. His highly technical playing is extremely accurate at very high and challenging tempos, earning him the nicknames "The Atomic Clock" and "Human Drum Machine."

neg: Paul Greengard Paul Greengard (born December 11, 1925) is an American neuroscientist best known for his work on the molecular and cellular function of neurons. In 2000, Greengard, Arvid Carlsson and Eric Kandel were awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system. He is currently Vincent Astor Professor at Rockefeller University, and serves on the Scientific Advisory Board of the Cure Alzheimer's Fund, as well as the Scientific Council of the Brain & Behavior Research Foundation. He is married to artist Ursula von Rydingsvard.

neg: Louise Blenman Louise Blenman has been an Appeals Court Judge of the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court since 2012. A native of Guyana, where she began her legal career, she was appointed to reside in and hear cases in Anguilla as a High Court Judge from 2003 to 2012. She also served for a time as the Solicitor General of Saint Lucia and a lecturer in law at the University of Guyana.

neg: Alison Geissler Alison Cornwall Geissler, née McDonald (13 April 1907 – 25 January 2011), was one of the foremost glass engravers in Scotland during the mid-twentieth century.

neg: Sandra Miesel Sandra Louise Miesel (born Sandra Louise Schwartz on November 25, 1941) is an American medievalist, writer and science fiction and fantasy fan. Her early work was science fiction and fantasy criticism, fields in which she has remained active. She is a literary analyst; has described herself as "the world's greatest expert" on Poul Anderson and Gordon R. Dickson, and has written front and back matter for many of Anderson's books.


query: Mostafa Chamran Save'ei, was an Iranian physicist, politician, commander and guerrilla who served as the first defense minister of post-revolutionary Iran and as member of parliament, as well as the commander of paramilitary volunteers in which armed conflict between Iran and Iraq lasting from 22 September 1980, when Iraq invaded Iran, to August 1988?

pos: Mostafa Chamran Mostafa Chamran Save'ei (Persian: مصطفی چمران ساوه‌ای  ) (8 March 1932 – 20 June 1981, Tehran, Iran) was an Iranian physicist, politician, commander and guerrilla who served as the first defense minister of post-revolutionary Iran and as member of parliament, as well as the commander of paramilitary volunteers in Iran–Iraq War, known as "Irregular Warfare Headquarters". He was killed during the Iran–Iraq War. In Iran, he is known as a martyr and a symbol of an ideological and revolutionary Muslim who left academic careers and prestigious positions as a scientist and professor in the US, University of California, Berkeley and migrated in order to help the Islamic movements in Palestine, Lebanon, Egypt as a chief revolutionary guerilla, as well as in the Islamic revolution of Iran. He helped to found the Amal Movement in southern Lebanon.

pos: Iran–Iraq War The Iran–Iraq War was an armed conflict between Iran and Iraq lasting from 22 September 1980, when Iraq invaded Iran, to August 1988. The war followed a long history of border disputes, and was motivated by fears that the Iranian Revolution in 1979 would inspire insurgency among Iraq's Shi'ite majority, as well as Iraq's desire to replace Iran as the dominant Persian Gulf state. Iraq planned to annex the oil-rich Khuzestan Province and the east bank of the Shatt al-Arab (Arvand Rud).

neg: Ahmad Keshvari Ahmad Keshvari (Persian: احمد کشوری  ; July 1953 – 7 December 1980) was a AH-1J SeaCobra pilot in the Army Aviation ("Havanirooz") of Iran. He had a role in the early months of the Iran-Iraq War to stop Iraqi tanks from further advancing into the western Iranian territories.

neg: Iran–Iraq relations Iran–Iraq relations (Persian: روابط ایران و عراق ; Arabic: العلاقات العراقية الإيرانية) extend for millennia into the past. The Islamic Republic of Iran and the Republic of Iraq share a long border (the longest border by far for both nations) and an ancient cultural and religious heritage. In ancient times Iraq formed part of the core of Persia (modern-day Iran) for about a thousand years.

neg: Ahmad Kazemi Ahmad Kazemi (Persian: احمد کاظمی  ) (22 July 1958 – 9 January 2006) was an Iranian commander in the Army of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution and one of the most notable commanders in Iran–Iraq War.

neg: United Nations Security Council Resolution 588 United Nations Security Council resolution 588, adopted unanimously on 8 October 1986, after expressing concern at the continuation of the conflict between Iran and Iraq, the Council urged both countries to implement Resolution 582 (1986) without delay.

neg: Mohammad-Hossein Shaker Mohammad-Hossein Shaker (Persian: محمدحسین شاکر  ) is an Iranian retired military officer who served as the Chief-of-Staff of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army from July 1979 until September 1979.

neg: Abbas Babaei Abbas Babaei (Persian: عباس بابایی  ) (5 December 1950 – 6 August 1987) was an Iranian pilot and Major General in the Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force, during the Iran-Iraq War. He was killed in 1987.

neg: KDPI insurgency (1989–96) The insurgency by the Kurdish Democratic Party of Iran surged in 1989, lasting until 1996, as part of the Kurdish separatism struggle. The eruption of the conflict in July 1989 was caused by the assassination of KDPI leader Abdul Rahman Qassemlou by suspected Iranian government agents. The most violent episodes took place in 1990 and 1991, when Kurdish soldiers launched massive attacks on Iranian military bases in Kurdish areas of Iran. This brought heavy retaliation from the Iranian government, aiming to eradicate the KDPI leadership by assassinating Sadegh Sharafkandi and other KDPI leaders in 1992 in order to disable the Kurdish party's ability to function. The conflict faded with the effective targeted assassination policy of Iran and by 1996 KDPI was no longer able to function militarily and announced a unilateral ceasefire. The conflict claimed hundreds of lives, mostly Iranian government troops and Kurdish militants.

neg: Tajikistani Civil War The Tajikistani Civil War (Tajik: Ҷанги шаҳрвандии Тоҷикистон, "Jangi şahrvandi‘i Tojikiston/Çangi şahrvandiji Toçikiston" ); also known as the Tajik Civil War or the War in Tajikistan, began in May 1992 when ethnic groups from the Garm and Gorno-Badakhshan regions of Tajikistan, which were mainly Islamic-oriented groups following Wahhabi ideology , rose up against the government of President Rahmon Nabiyev, which was dominated by people from the Khujand and Kulyab regions. Politically, the rebel groups were led by liberal democratic reformers and Islamists, who fought together and later organized under the banner of the United Tajik Opposition. By June 1997, an estimated 20,000 to 100,000 people had been killed.

neg: Society of Devotees of the Islamic Revolution The Society of Devotees of the Islamic Revolution (Persian: جمعیت ایثارگران انقلاب اسلامی , "Jam`iyat-e Isargaran-e Enqelab-e Eslami "  ) is a conservative Iranian political party. It is informally referred to as the "Isargaran", a word which connotes altruism in Persian and is associated with other political movements. Many members of the party are veterans of the Iran-Iraq War.<ref name="RFE/RL"> </ref> It is one of the most powerful and least discussed movements in Iran.

neg: Council of the Islamic Revolution The Council of the Islamic Revolution (Persian: شورای انقلاب اسلامی , "Šūrā-ye enqelāb-e eslāmī "  ) was a group formed by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini to manage the Iranian Revolution on 10 January 1979, shortly before he returned to Iran. "Over the next few months there issued from the council hundreds of rulings and laws, dealing with everything from bank nationalization to nurses' salaries." Its existence was kept a secret during the early, less secure time of the revolution, and its members and the exact nature of what the council did remained undisclosed to the public until early 1980. Some of the council's members like Motahhari, Taleqani, Bahonar, Beheshti, Qarani died during Iran–Iraq War or were assassinated by the MKO during the consolidation of the Iranian Revolution. Most of those who remained were put aside by the regime.

neg: Partisans of National Liberation of Afghanistan Partisans of National Liberation of Afghanistan or Front of Nimruz was founded in 1979 in Nimruz province of Afghanistan by Abdul Karim Brahui and Gul Mohammad Rahimi.

neg: Habibollah Asgaroladi Habibollah Asgaroladi Mosalman (Persian: حبيب‌الله عسگراولادی مسلمان  ; 3 January 1932 – 5 November 2013) was a leading senior Iranian politician who was the leader of Islamic Coalition Party, a highly influential conservative political party in Iran. He was also a two time presidential candidate, first in July 1981 and next in 1985. During the presidential elections in 1981, in which he ran for the presidency, an attempt was made to assassinate him outside his home in Iran Street, but this failed and resulted in his bodyguard being killed but Asgaroladi himself escaped largely unhurt.

neg: Mozzafar Baghai Mozzafar Baghai (Persian: مظفر بقائی  ; 23 July 191218 November 1987) is known best as an Iranian political figure of the 1940s and 50s. He rose to prominence during the national struggle against British control of Iran's oil industry. For decades, most Iranians had resented the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (51% of which was under the control of the British government) for the perceived injustice of allocating most profits to the company and the British government, while only a very small proportion was given to Iran, despite the fact that the oil fields were on Iranian territory. Baghai made himself known as a fiery critic of the British and he allied himself with those of like mind, including Dr. Mohammad Mossadegh (a man who had risen to prominence as a fierce critic of Reza Shah, the despotic ruler of Iran from 1921–1941, and of the British control of the oil fields and that country's interference in Iran's internal affairs). He was different from many other nationalists in that he held very left-wing (albeit anti-communist) views. He was able to best articulate this when he formed the Toilers Party of the Iranian Nation, a left-wing, nationalistic and anti-communist party that included such notables as Khalil Maleki (an ex-member of the Tudeh Party who broke away from that group for its dependence on the Soviet Union). In 1949, the Toilers Party joined with Mossadegh and his liberal supporters in forming the National Front of Iran, which was an umbrella organization for all Iranians who were committed to the principles of freeing Iran from foreign domination, ending arbitrary rule and establishing a government dependent on the will of the people of Iran. In April 1951, one month after the oil industry was nationalized by the Majlis, Mossadegh was chosen by that elected body as the Prime Minister of Iran, subject to approval by the reigning Mohammad Reza Shah (who had succeeded his father as Shah of Iran in Sept. 1941).

neg: December 2011 Baneh clash The Baneh clash was a military confrontation between Iranian security forces belonging to the Basij, the paramilitary branch of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) and Kurdistan Free Life Party (PJAK) militants which occurred on December 28, 2011

neg: Mohammad Beheshti Seyyed Mohammad Hosseini Beheshti (Persian: سیّد محمد حسینی بهشتی  ; 24 October 1928 – 28 June 1981) was an Iranian jurist, philosopher, cleric and politician who was known as the second person in the political hierarchy of Iran after the revolution. Dr. Beheshti is considered to have been the primary architect of Iran's post-revolution constitution, as well as the administrative structure of the Islamic Republic. Beheshti was assassinated along with more than 70 members of the Islamic Republic Party on 28 June 1981.

neg: Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq The Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq (ISCI or SIIC) (Arabic: المجلس الأعلى الإسلامي العراقي  Al-Majlis Al-A'ala Al-Islami Al-'Iraqi), (previously the party was known as the Supreme Council for the Islamic Revolution in Iraq (SCIRI)) is an Iraqi Shia Islamist Iraqi political party. It was established in Iran in the 1980s and today its political support comes from Iraq's Shia Muslim community.

neg: Holy Shrine Defender Holy Shrine Defenders or as known in Persian Modafean-e-Haram (مدافعان حرم) is a phrase that Iran uses for their advisers and military personals, who are fighting in Iraq and Syria.

neg: Operation Morvarid Operation Morvarid (Persian: عملیات مروارید  , meaning "Pearl") was an operation launched by the Iranian Navy and Air Force against the Iraqi Air Defence sites on 28 November 1980 in response to Iraq positioning radar and monitoring equipment on the Al-Bakr and Khor-al-Amaya oil rigs to counter Iranian air operations. The operation resulted in a victory for Iran, which managed to destroy both oil rigs as well as much of the Iraqi Navy and inflicted significant damage to Iraqi ports and airfields.

neg: Ramadan Revolution The Ramadan Revolution, also referred to as the 8 February Revolution and the February 1963 coup d'état in Iraq, was a military coup by the Ba'ath Party's Iraqi-wing which overthrew the Prime Minister of Iraq, Abd al-Karim Qasim in 1963. Qasim's former deputy Abdul Salam Arif (who was not a Ba'athist) was given the largely ceremonial title of President, while prominent Ba'athist general Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr was named Prime Minister. The most powerful leader of the new government was the secretary general of the Iraqi Ba'ath Party, Ali Salih al-Sa'di, who controlled the National Guard militia and organized a massacre of hundreds—if not thousands—of suspected communists and other dissidents following the coup.

neg: Foreign relations of Iran Foreign relations of Iran refers to inter-governmental relationships between the Islamic Republic of Iran and other countries. Geography is a very significant factor in informing Iran's foreign policy. Following the 1979 Iranian Revolution, the newly born Islamic Republic, under the leadership of Ayatollah Khomeini, dramatically reversed the pro-American foreign policy of the last Shah of Iran Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. Since then the country's policies have oscillated between the two opposing tendencies of revolutionary ardour, which would eliminate Western and non-Muslim influences while promoting the Islamic revolution abroad, and pragmatism, which would advance economic development and normalization of relations. Iran's bilateral dealings are accordingly sometimes confused and contradictory.


query: Out of the Smiths' albums "Strangeways, Here We Come" and "The Queen Is Dead", which was their last?

pos: Complete (The Smiths album) Complete is a box set released by British band The Smiths on 26 September 2011. Standard versions contain their four studio albums ("The Smiths", "Meat Is Murder", "The Queen Is Dead" and "Strangeways, Here We Come"), a live album ("Rank") and three compilations ("Hatful of Hollow", "The World Won't Listen" and "Louder Than Bombs") over 8 CDs or 8 LPs. A deluxe version contains the albums on both CD and LP formats as well as 25 7" vinyl singles and a DVD.

pos: Strangeways, Here We Come Strangeways, Here We Come is the fourth and final studio album by English rock band the Smiths. Released on 28 September 1987 by Rough Trade Records, it reached number two on the UK Albums Chart, staying in the chart for 17 weeks. All of the songs were composed by Johnny Marr, with lyrics written and sung by Morrissey. The album was certified gold by the British Phonographic Industry on 1 October 1987 and also by the Recording Industry Association of America on 19 September 1990.

neg: Biffy Clyro Biffy Clyro are a Scottish rock band that formed in Kilmarnock, East Ayrshire, composed of Simon Neil (guitar, lead vocals), James Johnston (bass, vocals) and Ben Johnston (drums, vocals). Currently signed to 14th Floor Records, they have released seven studio albums, four of which ("Puzzle", "Only Revolutions", "Opposites" and "Ellipsis)" reached the top five in the UK Albums Chart, with their sixth studio album, "Opposites" claiming their first UK number-one album. After their first three albums, the band expanded their following significantly in 2007 with the release of their fourth, "Puzzle", creating more mainstream songs with simpler rhythms and distancing themselves from the more unusual dissonant style that was present in their previous three albums. "Puzzle" peaked at number 2 on the official UK album charts on 16 June 2007. The album went Gold in the UK, selling over 100,000 units, and later in 2012 went Platinum in the UK, having sold over 300,000 copies.

neg: Formerly the Warlocks Formerly the Warlocks is a live album by the rock band the Grateful Dead. It contains two complete concerts on six CDs. It was recorded on October 8 and 9, 1989, at the Hampton Coliseum in Hampton, Virginia. It was released on September 7, 2010.

neg: The Dead Live by Love The Dead Live By Love is the second and final full-length album by Scottish metalcore band Mendeed.

neg: ...Famous Last Words... …Famous Last Words… is the seventh album by English rock band Supertramp and was released in October 1982. It was the studio follow-up to 1979's "Breakfast in America" and the last album with vocalist/keyboardist/guitarist Roger Hodgson, who left the group to pursue a solo career. Thus, it was the final album to be released by the classic lineup of the band (Hodgson/Davies/Helliwell/Thomson/Siebenberg).

neg: How Soon Is Now? "How Soon Is Now?" is a song by the British alternative rock band The Smiths. Written by Smiths singer Morrissey and guitarist Johnny Marr, it was originally a B-side of the 1984 single "William, It Was Really Nothing". "How Soon Is Now?" was subsequently featured on the compilation album "Hatful of Hollow" and on US, Canadian, Australian, and Warner UK editions of the group's second album "Meat Is Murder" (1985). Belatedly released as a single in the UK in 1985, it originally reached number 24 on the UK Singles Chart. When re-released in 1992, it reached number 16 on the same chart.

neg: Since I Saw You Last Since I Saw You Last is the fourth solo studio album released by British singer-songwriter Gary Barlow. The album was released by Polydor Records on 22 November 2013 in Ireland, and on 25 November in the United Kingdom. It debuted at number two on the UK Albums Chart, and met with a mixed critical reaction.

neg: Elegy (The Nice album) Elegy was the final official album release by the Nice, Keith Emerson having moved on to Emerson, Lake & Palmer, Lee Jackson to Jackson Heights and Brian Davison to Every Which Way. It consists of live versions of songs from earlier releases and a cover of "My Back Pages". Released after the Nice had disbanded, the album achieved number 5 in the UK album chart.

neg: Tim Smith's Extra Special OceanLandWorld This is a solo album by the lead singer and co-founder of Cardiacs, Tim Smith.

neg: Something Else by The Kinks Something Else by The Kinks, often referred to as just Something Else, is the fifth UK studio album by The Kinks, released in September 1967. It marks the final involvement of American producer Shel Talmy in the Kinks' 1960s studio recordings; henceforth Ray Davies would produce recordings. Many of the recordings feature the keyboard work of Nicky Hopkins and the backing vocals of Ray's wife, Rasa. Two hit singles are included: "Waterloo Sunset" and "Death of a Clown". In 2003, the album was ranked #288 on "Rolling Stone" magazine's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time.

neg: Play Dead (band) Play Dead were an English post-punk group from Oxford that grew out of the fading English punk scene in 1980. Though the band was identified with groups like UK Decay and Sex Gang Children, the band felt they didn't belong under the "gothic" title. The band made three studio albums for four different small labels—Fresh Records, Jungle Records, Situation 2, and Clay Records—before forming their own label, Tanz, for their final album, "Company Of Justice", which appeared in 1985.

neg: We Have Come for Your Children We Have Come for Your Children is the second and final studio album by the American punk rock band Dead Boys. It was recorded and released in 1978, on Sire Records. The recording of album was troublesome for the group and led to a break because of tensions with producer Felix Pappalardi once the band didn't think he understood their music. When they tried but were unable to get James Williamson of The Stooges to salvage the sessions, the band broke up a short time later.

neg: Died (song) "Died" is a song by Alice in Chains and the final one recorded with vocalist Layne Staley before his death in 2002. The song was included on the compilation albums "Music Bank" (1999) and "The Essential Alice in Chains" (2006).

neg: Death of a Dead Day Death of a Dead Day is the second studio album by British progressive metal band Sikth, as well as the last released before their 2008–2013 hiatus. It was released on 6 June 2006 (06/06/06) in the United States and 26 June in the United Kingdom; the first 4000 copies came with hand autographed fold out posters. It was released on vinyl by Basick Records as part of Record Store Day 2014.

neg: Freddie Mercury Farrokh "Freddie" Mercury (born Bulsara; 5 September 1946 – 24 November 1991) was a British singer, songwriter and record producer, known as the lead vocalist of the rock band Queen. He was known for his flamboyant stage persona and four-octave vocal range. Mercury wrote numerous hits for Queen, including "Bohemian Rhapsody", "Killer Queen", "Somebody to Love", "Don't Stop Me Now", "Crazy Little Thing Called Love", and "We Are the Champions". He led a solo career while performing with Queen, and occasionally served as a producer and guest musician for other artists.

neg: Kill Uncle Tour The "Kill Uncle Tour" was a concert tour by Morrissey in support of his latest solo album, "Kill Uncle." Besides a single concert in December 1988, at Wolverhampton's Civic Hall, Morrissey, up to this point, had never properly toured in support of any of his solo work. It was his first real solo tour. And it visited many different countries The Smiths had never visited during their career. The spotlight was now on Morrissey.

neg: Pye Records Pye Records was a British record label. Its best known artists were Lonnie Donegan (1956–69), Petula Clark (1957–71), the Searchers (1963–67), the Kinks (1964–71), Sandie Shaw (1964–71), Status Quo (1968–71) and Brotherhood of Man (1975–79). The label changed its name to PRT Records in 1980, before being briefly reactivated as Pye Records in 2006.

neg: The Smiths The Smiths were an English rock band formed in Manchester in 1982. The band consisted of vocalist Morrissey, guitarist Johnny Marr, bassist Andy Rourke and drummer Mike Joyce. Critics have called them the most important alternative rock band to emerge from the British independent music scene of the 1980s." Q" magazine's Simon Goddard argued in 2007 that the Smiths were "the one truly vital voice of the '80s", "the most influential British guitar group of the decade" and the "first indie outsiders to achieve mainstream success on their own terms". The "NME" named the Smiths the "most influential artist ever" in a 2002 poll, over the Beatles.

neg: Greatest Hits (Will Smith album) Greatest Hits is a compilation album released by Will Smith. The album was released on November 26, 2002, and was his last release on Columbia Records. "Greatest Hits" is also the first compilation to bring together music from Smith's early work with DJ Jazzy Jeff and his solo career.

neg: All That Glitters Is a Mares Nest All That Glitters Is a Mares Nest is a live album by the English rock band Cardiacs. It is their third live album, and was originally recorded in the afternoon in the Salisbury Arts Centre on 30 June 1990. In effect, it is the soundtrack album to the live concert film "Maresnest". "All That Glitters Is a Mares Nest" is, technically, the last Cardiacs recording to feature saxophonist Sarah Smith, percussionist Tim Quy and keyboard player William D. Drake as band members. It is the only Cardiacs album to feature guitarist Christian Hayes throughout.

neg: Last Man Standing (E-type album) Last Man Standing is the third studio album by Swedish singer-songwriter E-Type, which was released in 1998. It contains hit songs "Angels Crying", "Here I Go Again" and "Princess of Egypt". Nana Hedin provided much of the female lead vocals. Album debuted # 1 in Finnish Albums Chart, staying in the top for total 6 weeks going double platinum. In Sweden the album peaked # 1 going platinum. The US and Japanese editions of the album were released with different cover art. This album remains E-Type's best-selling album within sales 3 million copies worldwide.


query: In what year was the heavy metal band from Tronheim, Norway, who specializes in music that embodies a continuous move between explicit and implicit references to genres and strategies derived from cultural domains, formed?

pos: Triosphere Triosphere is a Norwegian heavy metal band from Trondheim, Norway, created in 2004 by singer and bassist Ida Haukland, and guitarist Marius Silver Bergesen. They are defined by their heavy metal sound emphasising their power metal-like melodies and choruses, while also featuring progressive elements. Bergesen is the composer of all instrumental parts, with Haukland acting as lyricist, and composer of the vocal parts.

pos: Progressive music Progressive music is music that subverts genre and expands stylistic boundaries outwards. Rooted in the idea of a cultural alternative, musical progressiveness embodies a continuous move between explicit and implicit references to genres and strategies derived from various cultural domains, such as European art music, Celtic folk, West Indian, or African. The word "progressive" comes from the basic concept of "progress", which refers to development and growth by accumulation, and is often deployed in numerous music genres such as progressive country, progressive folk, progressive jazz, and (most significantly) progressive rock.

neg: Carach Angren Carach Angren ( ) is a symphonic black metal band from the Netherlands, formed by two members of the now-defunct bands Inger Indolia and Vaultage. They have three steady members with previously frequent guest appearances for the violin parts. Their style is characterized by prominent use of orchestral arrangements. All of their studio albums are concept albums with lyrics based on ghost stories and folk lore, such as "Flying Dutchman". They set themselves apart from other symphonic black metal artists in showcasing songs often using multiple languages apart from English, such as French, German and Dutch, though every song does use English as a baseline and certain choruses or sections will make the transition.

neg: Hellish Outcast Hellish Outcast is a death / thrash metal band from Bergen, Norway, founded in 2001. The band plays a blood-soaked mix of thrash and death metal, and is considered to be one of the most aggressive live bands on the burgeoning Bergen music scene.

neg: Folk metal Folk metal is a fusion genre of heavy metal music and traditional folk music that developed in Europe during the 1990s. It is characterised by the widespread use of folk instruments and, to a lesser extent, traditional singing styles (for example, Dutch Heidevolk, Danish Sylvatica and Spanish Stone of Erech). It also sometimes features soft instrumentation influenced by folk rock.

neg: Am I Blood Am I Blood, formerly named St. Mucus, is a heavy/thrash metal band from Kerava, Finland. The band was formed in 1992 with later to be Amorphis front-man Pasi Koskinen, who was originally the singer of the band. They parted ways with Koskinen in 1995, just one month before the recording of debut album "Natural Mutation" under the name St.Mucus. The band is well-known (particularly on the internet) for being mistaken for the popular heavy metal band Metallica; which is arguably a strong influence on the band's music.

neg: Killitorous Killitorous is a Canadian technical death metal band based in Ottawa, Ontario. The band is known for is unorthodox blend of Technical Death Metal, Grindcore and Hardcore as well as using comedy and pop culture references rather than stereotypical death metal themes.

neg: Punk rock Punk rock (or "punk") is a rock music genre that developed in the early to mid-1970s in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia. Rooted in 1960s garage rock and other forms of what is now known as "proto-punk" music, punk rock bands rejected perceived excesses of mainstream 1970s rock. Punk bands typically produced short or fast-paced songs, with hard-edged melodies and singing styles, stripped-down instrumentation, and often political, anti-establishment lyrics. Punk embraces a DIY ethic; many bands self-produce recordings and distribute them through informal channels.

neg: Callejon (band) Callejon (span. "callejón " "alley", [ka.ʎeˈxon ]) is a German metalcore band founded in Düsseldorf, Germany in 2002. The band writes and sings the majority of their lyrics in German.

neg: D-beat D-beat (also known as "discore", "kängpunk" (Swedish for "boot-punk"), and "discrust") is a style of hardcore punk, developed in the early 1980s by imitators of Discharge, after whom the genre is named, as well as a drum beat characteristic of this subgenre. D-beat is known for its "grinding, distorted and brutally political" sound. Discharge may have themselves inherited the beat from Motörhead and the Buzzcocks. D-beat is closely associated with crust punk, which is a heavier, more complex variation. The style was particularly popular in Sweden, and developed there by groups such as Crude SS, Anti Cimex, Mob 47 and Driller Killer. Other D-beat groups include Doom and the Varukers from the UK; Disclose from Japan; Crucifix and Final Conflict from the U.S.; Ratos de Porão, from Brazil; and MG15, from Spain. While the style initially developed in the early 1980s, a number of new groups working within the subgenre emerged in the mid-1990s. These include the Swedish groups Wolfbrigade, Totalitär, Avskum, Skitsystem and Disfear.

neg: Crunkcore Crunkcore (also called crunk punk, crunk rock, screamo-crunk, and scrunk) is a fusion genre characterized by the combination of cultural and musical elements from crunk, screamo, and emo. The genre often features screamed vocals, dance-pop beats, and "sexually provocative lyrics."

neg: Obsidian Kingdom Obsidian Kingdom is a music band formed in 2005 in Barcelona, whose music is not easy to label. The band itself defines it as “hard-to-classify heavy sound with plenty of contrasts”. The band's music has been characterized as drawing equally on progressive rock, post-metal, black metal, alternative and electronic music. In 2013, "Metal Injection" called them "the masters of every genre".

neg: Darkestrah Darkestrah is a Kyrgyz pagan metal band, formed in 1999 in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. Throughout their career the band has blended folklore music with metal elements. In its lyrics and in musical composition, the band uses national folk musical instruments, such as the komuz and kyl-kyak, and references shamanism and Tengrism. The band also takes influence from genres such as progressive rock and post-rock, generally constructing lengthy, rhythmically complex songs that often feature several discrete movements.

neg: Mnemic Mnemic is a Danish metal band, formed in Aalborg, Denmark in 1998. Their music is a fusion of industrial metal, thrash/ groove metal, djent, progressive metal and nu metal, a style the band themselves have described as "Future Fusion Metal."

neg: Dunderbeist Dunderbeist (Sort of Norwegian for "Noisy Beast") is a heavy metal band from Hedmark, Norway. The band was formed by former members of Krace, KITE and Stonegard. Dunderbeist has been recording since 2008 with several albums and extensive touring. The Norwegian six-piece band now releases material outside of Norway following their first international effort “Black Arts & Crooked Tails”.

neg: The Olden Domain The Olden Domain is the second studio album by the Norwegian band Borknagar, and their first to feature English lyrics. It also marks the beginning of the band's transition to its trademark progressive/folk/black metal sound featured on later records.

neg: Cradle of Filth Cradle of Filth are an English extreme metal band, formed in Suffolk in 1991. The band's musical style evolved originally from black metal to a cleaner and more "produced" amalgam of gothic metal, symphonic metal and other metal genres. Their lyrical themes and imagery are heavily influenced by Gothic literature, poetry, mythology and horror films.

neg: Hardcore punk Hardcore punk (often abbreviated to hardcore) is a punk rock music genre and subculture that originated in the late 1970s. It is generally faster, harder, and more aggressive than other forms of punk rock. Its roots can be traced to earlier punk scenes in San Francisco and Southern California which arose as a reaction against the still predominant hippie cultural climate of the time. It was also inspired by New York punk rock and early proto-punk. New York punk had a harder-edged sound than its San Francisco counterpart, featuring anti-art expressions of masculine anger, energy and subversive humor. Hardcore punk generally disavows commercialism, the established music industry and "anything similar to the characteristics of mainstream rock" and often addresses social and political topics with "confrontational, politically-charged lyrics".

neg: Bayon (band) Bayon is a German band founded around 1971 in the former GDR. Its musical style can be described as a mixture of Folk, Jazz, Rock and Classical music. Internationally they came to prominence with their musical contribution "Stell dich mitten in den Regen" to the movie "The Lives of Others". The name of the band derives from the Khmer temple Bayon in Cambodia.

neg: Funk Funk is a music genre that originated in the mid-1960s when African American musicians created a rhythmic, danceable new form of music through a mixture of soul music, jazz, and rhythm and blues (R&B). Funk de-emphasizes melody and chord progressions used in other related genres and brings a strong rhythmic groove of a bass line played by an electric bassist and a drum part played by a drummer to the foreground. Like much of African-inspired music, funk typically consists of a complex groove with rhythm instruments playing interlocking grooves. Funk uses the same richly-colored extended chords found in bebop jazz, such as minor chords with added sevenths and elevenths, or dominant seventh chords with altered ninths.

neg: Electronicore Electronicore (also known as synthcore or trancecore) describes a stylistic fusion of metalcore with elements of various electronic music genres, such as trance, electronica, dubstep, or others. The term electronicore is a portmanteau of "electronic" and "metalcore". Notable artists of this genre have originated from the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia, Canada, France, Hong Kong and Japan.

neg: Cruachan (band) Cruachan is a Folk Metal band from Dublin, Ireland that has been active since the 1990s. They have been acclaimed as having "gone the greatest lengths of anyone in their attempts to expand" the genre of folk metal. They are recognised as one of the founders of the genre of folk metal. With a specific focus on Celtic music and the use of Celtic mythology in their lyrics, Cruachan's style of folk metal is known as Celtic metal. The band named themselves after the archaeological site of Rathcroghan in Ireland also known as Cruachan.


query: The Gerald Schoenfeld Theatre is located in a borough bounded by what three rivers?

pos: Gerald Schoenfeld Theatre The Gerald Schoenfeld Theatre is a Broadway theatre, previously known as the Plymouth Theatre, located at 236 West 45th Street (George Abbott Way) in midtown Manhattan and renamed in 2005 in honor of Gerald Schoenfeld.

pos: Manhattan Manhattan ( , ) is the most densely populated borough of New York City, its economic and administrative center, and its historical birthplace. Locally it is often referred to simply as "The City". The borough is coextensive with New York County, founded on November 1, 1683, as one of the original counties of the U.S. state of New York. The borough consists mostly of Manhattan Island, bounded by the Hudson, East, and Harlem rivers; several small adjacent islands; and Marble Hill, a small neighborhood now on the U.S. mainland, physically connected to the Bronx and separated from the rest of Manhattan by the Harlem River.

neg: Three Bridges, New Jersey Three Bridges is an unincorporated community located within Readington Township in Hunterdon County, New Jersey, United States, on the South Branch Raritan River. It is named for the three original bridges which crossed the river.

neg: East Gwillimbury East Gwillimbury is a town on the East Holland River in the Regional Municipality of York. It is part of the Greater Toronto Area of southern Ontario, in Canada. It was formed by the amalgamation of the Township of East Gwillimbury with all the previously incorporated villages and hamlets within the township. The main centres in East Gwillimbury are the villages of Holland Landing, Queensville, Sharon, and Mount Albert. The Civic Centre (municipal offices) are located along Leslie Street in Sharon. The northernmost interchange of Highway 404 is at the North edge of East Gwillimbury, just south of Ravenshoe Road. The hamlets of Holt and Brown Hill are also within town limits.

neg: Fordham Road Fordham Road is a major street in the Bronx borough of New York City that runs east-west from the Harlem River to Bronx Park.

neg: Upper Manhattan Upper Manhattan denotes the most northern region of the New York City Borough of Manhattan. Its southern boundary has been variously defined, but 96th Street, the northern boundary of Central Park at 110th Street, 125th Street or 155th Street are some common usages.

neg: Al Hirschfeld Theatre The Al Hirschfeld Theatre is a Broadway theatre located at 302 West 45th Street in midtown Manhattan.

neg: Vinegar Hill, Brooklyn Vinegar Hill is a neighborhood in the borough of Brooklyn in New York City on the East River Waterfront between Dumbo and the Brooklyn Navy Yard. The neighborhood is locally governed by Brooklyn Community Board 2 and is policed by the New York City Police Department's 84th Precinct. The large Irish-American population in Vinegar Hill made it one of several New York areas once known colloquially as Irishtown.

neg: Sayreville, New Jersey Sayreville is a borough located on the Raritan River, near Raritan Bay in Middlesex County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the borough's population was 42,704, reflecting an increase of 2,327 (+5.8%) from the 40,377 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 5,391 (+15.4%) from the 34,986 counted in the 1990 Census.

neg: NoHo, Manhattan NoHo, for North of Houston Street (as contrasted with "SoHo", South of Houston Street) is a landmarked, primarily residential upper-class neighborhood in the New York City borough of Manhattan. It is bounded by Broadway to the west and the Bowery to the east, and from East 9th Street in the north to East Houston Street in the south.

neg: Rosebank, Staten Island Rosebank is a neighborhood in the northeastern part of Staten Island, one of the five boroughs of New York City. It is bordered by Clifton to the north, Arrochar to the south, and the Upper New York Bay to the east.

neg: Chappaqua, New York Chappaqua is a hamlet and census-designated place in the town of New Castle, in northern Westchester County, New York. It is on 0.45 sqmi of land on the east bank of the Hudson River, about 30 mi north of New York City. The hamlet is served by the Chappaqua station of the Metro-North Railroad's Harlem Line. In the New York State Legislature it is within the New York State Assembly's 93rd district and the New York Senate's 40th district. In Congress the village is in New York's 17th District.

neg: Metuchen, New Jersey Metuchen ( ) is a borough in Middlesex County, New Jersey, United States, which is 5 mi northeast of New Brunswick, 13 mi southwest of Newark, 17 mi southwest of Jersey City, and 21 mi southwest of Manhattan, all part of the New York metropolitan area. As of the 2010 United States Census, the borough's population was 13,574, reflecting an increase of 734 (+5.7%) from the 12,840 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 36 (+0.3%) from the 12,804 counted in the 1990 Census.

neg: Wallkill Valley The Wallkill Valley is a broad valley extending through southeastern New York and northwestern New Jersey. It is composed of rolling hills, plains, and swamps (including the Black Dirt Region) surrounding the Wallkill River. The valley is a subdivision of the larger Hudson Valley, bound to the west by the Shawangunk Ridge/Kittatinny Mountains and to the east by the Marlboro Mountains and New York–New Jersey Highlands. The northern Wallkill Valley is sometimes associated with the greater Catskills region, although it is geographically separated from the Catskill Mountains by the Shawangunk Ridge and Rondout Valley. In a broader sense, the Wallkill Valley is part of the Ridge-and-Valley physiographic province of the Appalachian Mountains, while the Catskills further to the north and west are part of the Appalachian Plateau.

neg: Catskill Creek Catskill Creek is a 46.0 mi tributary of the Hudson River that drains the east northern Catskill Mountains of the U.S. state of New York. From its source at Franklinton Vlaie in Schoharie County it flows southeast through parts of Albany County and Greene County to its mouth at the village of Catskill on the Hudson River.

neg: Mahoningtown, Pennsylvania Mahoningtown also known as "Motown" is a neighborhood in the southwestern part of the city of New Castle, Pennsylvania, United States. Though it is named for the nearby Mahoning River, the city actually sits on the banks of the Shenango River. The two rivers merge and become the Beaver River just south of the city.

neg: Passaic River The Passaic River ( ) is a mature surface river, approximately 80 mi (129 km) long, in northern New Jersey in the United States. The river in its upper course flows in a highly circuitous route, meandering through the swamp lowlands between the ridge hills of rural and suburban northern New Jersey, called the Great Swamp, draining much of the northern portion of the state through its tributaries. In its lower portion, it flows through the most urbanized and industrialized areas of the state, including along downtown Newark. The lower river suffered from severe pollution and industrial abandonment in the 20th century.

neg: Randalls and Wards Islands Randalls Island (also called Randall's Island) and Wards Island are conjoined islands, collectively called Randalls and Wards Islands, in the New York City borough of Manhattan, separated from Manhattan by the Harlem River, from Queens by the East River and Hell Gate, and from the Bronx by the Bronx Kill. The two islands were formerly separate, with the channel between them, Little Hell Gate, being filled in by the early 1960s.

neg: Riparius, New York Riparius is a hamlet in the Upper Hudson River Valley of Warren County, New York, United States. Riparius was formerly known as Riverside until the state changed the name to prevent confusion with several other places of the same name. "Riparius" is a Latin equivalent for "Riverside". Riparius is located within the towns of Johnsburg and Chester.

neg: Geography of New York (state) Most of New York (state) is dominated by farms, forests, rivers, mountains, and lakes. New York's Adirondack Park is larger than any U.S. National Park in the contiguous United States. Niagara Falls, on the Niagara River as it flows from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario, is a popular attraction. The Hudson River begins near Lake Tear of the Clouds and flows south through the eastern part of the state without draining lakes George or Champlain. Lake George empties at its north end into Lake Champlain, whose northern end extends into Canada, where it drains into the Richelieu River and then the St. Lawrence. Four of New York City's five boroughs are on the three islands at the mouth of the Hudson River: Manhattan Island, Staten Island, and Brooklyn and Queens on Long Island.

neg: Hook Head Hook Head (Irish: Rinn Duáin) is a headland in County Wexford, Ireland located on the east side of the estuary of the three sisters rivers (the Nore, Suir and the Barrow). It is part of the Hook peninsula and is adjacent to the historic townland of Loftus Hall. It is situated on the R734, 50 km (31 mi) from Wexford town.

neg: Manhattan Community Board 8 The Manhattan Community Board 8 is a New York City community board encompassing the Upper East Side, including the neighborhoods of Lenox Hill, Yorkville, and Roosevelt Island in the borough of Manhattan. It is delimited by the East River on the east, 59th Street on the south, Central Park on the west and 96th Street on the north.