query: Are Tracy Chevalier and Thomas Pynchon both novelists?

pos: Tracy Chevalier Tracy Chevalier FRSL (born October 19, 1962) is an American-British historical novelist. She has written eight novels. She is best known for her second novel, "Girl with a Pearl Earring", which was adapted as a 2003 film starring Scarlett Johansson and Colin Firth.

pos: Thomas Pynchon Thomas Ruggles Pynchon Jr. ( , commonly ; born May 8, 1937) is an American novelist. A MacArthur Fellow, he is noted for his dense and complex novels. His fiction and non-fiction writings encompass a vast array of subject matter, genres and themes, including history, music, science, and mathematics. For "Gravity's Rainbow", Pynchon won the 1974 U.S. National Book Award for Fiction.

neg: Eirug Wyn Eirug Wyn (11 December 1950 – 25 April 2004) was a Welsh satirical novelist who wrote in the Welsh language. He was born Eirug Price Wynne, in Llanbrynmair in Mid Wales, and educated at Brynrefail School and Trinity College, Carmarthen. He subsequently made his home in Y Groeslon in North Wales.

neg: Thérèse Desqueyroux (novel) Thérèse Desqueyroux (] ) is the most famous novel by François Mauriac.

neg: Ayerdhal Yal Ayerdhal (26 January 195927 October 2015) was a French thriller and science fiction writer from Lyon. His later work preferred the thriller genre; "Transparences", "Resurgences" and "Rainbow Warriors" play with various genres. "Rainbow Warriors" (published at the end of May 2013) flirts with political fiction with most protagonists being LGTBQ. He received the Grand Prix de l'Imaginaire in 2004 for "Transparences" and in 1993 for his novel "Demain une oasis". He is considered one of the leading names in both genres. He shared the Prix Tour Eiffel with co-author Jean-Claude Dunyach for their 1999 novel "Étoiles mourantes". He also received an award for his novel "Parleur ou les chroniques d'un rêve enclavé" and two for "Transparences", a thriller. He also received the Cyrano award for lifetime achievement in the service of genre fiction and its actors.

neg: Thomas Friedman Thomas Loren Friedman (born July 20, 1953) is an American journalist and author. He is a three time Pulitzer Prize winner.

neg: Walter Raymond Walter Raymond (13 March 1852 – 2 April 1931) was an English novelist. He wrote many novels between 1890 and 1928, primarily based in Somerset, and also wrote under the pseudonym Tom Cobbleigh. Some of his titles include "Gentleman Upcott's Daughter" (1892), "Love and Quiet Life" (1894), "Fortune's Darling" (1901), and "Verity Thurston" (1926). He died in Southampton on 2 April 1931 at the age of 79. Raymond's work is long out of print and currently gets little attention, although some novels are now available for free online.

neg: Louis-Ferdinand Céline Louis-Ferdinand Céline (] ) was the pen name of Louis Ferdinand Auguste Destouches (] ; 27 May 1894 – 1 July 1961), a French novelist, pamphleteer and physician. He developed a new style of writing that modernized French literature. His most famous work is the 1932 novel, "Journey to the End of the Night".

neg: Tracy Dockray Tracy Dockray (born 1962) is an American artist. She illustrated the current Harper Collins editions of Beverly Cleary's children's novels.

neg: Thomas McCarthy (poet) Thomas McCarthy (born 1954) is an Irish poet, novelist, and critic, born in Cappoquin, Co. Waterford, Ireland. He attended University College Cork where he was part of a resurgence of literary activity under the inspiration of John Montague. Among his contemporaries, described by Thomas Dillon Redshaw as "that remarkable generation," there were Theo Dorgan poet and memoirist, Sean Dunne, poet, Greg Delanty, poet, Maurice Riordan poet and William Wall, novelist and poet. McCarthy edited, at various times, The Cork Review and Poetry Ireland Review. He has published seven collections of poetry with Anvil Press Poetry, London, including " The Sorrow Garden", "The Lost Province", "Mr Dineen's Careful Parade", "The Last Geraldine Officer" ("a major achievement", in the view of academic and poet Maurice Harmon)and "Merchant Prince", described as "an ambitious and substantive book". The main themes of his poetry are Southern Irish politics, love and memory. He is also the author of two novels; "Without Power" and "Asya and Christine". He is married with two children and lives in Cork City where he works in the City Libraries. He won the Patrick Kavanagh Poetry Award in 1977. His monograph "Rising from the Ashes" tells the story of the burning of the Carnegie Free Library in Cork City by the Black and Tans in 1920 and the subsequent efforts to rebuild the collection with the help of donors from all over the world.

neg: Sylvie (novel) Sylvie (1853) is a novella by French Romanticist Gérard de Nerval. It was first published in the periodical "La Revue des Deux Mondes" in 1853, and as a book in "Les Filles du feu" in 1854, just a few months before Nerval killed himself in January 1855. "Sylvie" is often considered to be Nerval's prose masterpiece, and has been a favorite of Marcel Proust, André Breton, Joseph Cornell and Umberto Eco. Harold Bloom included it in "The Western Canon" (1994).

neg: David Moles David Moles is an American science fiction and fantasy writer. He won the 2008 Theodore Sturgeon Memorial Award for his novelette "Finisterra," which was also a finalist for the 2008 Hugo Award for Best Novelette. He was a finalist for the 2004 John W. Campbell Award.

neg: Gwyn Thomas (novelist) Gwyn Thomas (6 July 1913 – 13 April 1981) was a Welsh writer, dramatist, "Punch"-columnist, radio broadcaster and raconteur, who has been called "the true voice of the English-speaking valleys".

neg: Lesley Choyce Lesley Choyce (born 21 March 1951 m. Linda Choyce ) is a Canadian author of novels, non-fiction, children's books, young adult novels,and poetry.

neg: A Paris Apartment A Paris Apartment is a novel by Michelle Gable. Set in Paris, France, the book follows a Sotheby's auctioneer who discovers a wide range of antiques and collectibles in an apartment that had been locked for 70 years. It was first published by Thomas Dunne Books for St. Martin's Press in 2014 and eventually appeared on "The New York Times" Best Seller list in 2016 and is a "USA Today" bestseller.

neg: Tom Sharpe Thomas Ridley Sharpe (30 March 1928 – 6 June 2013) was an English satirical novelist, best known for his "Wilt" series, as well as "Porterhouse Blue" and "Blott on the Landscape," which were both adapted for television.

neg: Pierre Charras Pierre Charras (19 March 1945 - 19 January 2014) was a French writer, actor and translator from English to French. He published several novels including "Monsieur Henri", Prix des Deux Magots (1995), "Juste avant la nuit" (1998), "Comédien" (2000) and "Dix-neuf secondes", prix du roman FNAC 2003.

neg: Hanna Pylväinen Hanna Pylväinen is an American novelist.

neg: Cathryn Michon Cathryn Michon is a Los Angeles-based filmmaker, actress, writer and stand-up comic with numerous accolades for writing and film. She has been featured at the Montreal Comedy Festival, the Toyota Comedy Festival and the Marshall’s Women in Comedy Festival. Her touring stand-up performance "The Grrl Genius Club", as well as a subsequent novel sharing the same name, "The Grrl Genius Guide to Life" (HarperCollins, July 2001), lead to a television hosting stint on AMC's similarly titled "Grrl Genius at the Movies" and a second novel entry titled "The Grrl Genius Guide to Sex with Other People" (St. Martin's Press, January 2004), all garnering positive receptions nationwide.

neg: Thomas P. Cullinan Thomas P. Cullinan (November 4, 1919 – June 11, 1995) was an American novelist and playwright, as well as a writer for television. He is perhaps best known for his 1966 novel "The Beguiled", which was made into two films of the same name, in 1971 and again in 2017.

neg: Tom Perrotta Thomas R. Perrotta (born August 13, 1961) is an American novelist and screenwriter best known for his novels "Election" (1998) and "Little Children" (2004), both of which were made into critically acclaimed, Academy Award-nominated films. Perrotta co-wrote the screenplay for the 2006 film version of "Little Children" with Todd Field, for which he received an Academy Award nomination for Best Adapted Screenplay. He is also known for his novel "The Leftovers" (2011), which has been adapted into a TV series on HBO.

neg: Thomas Huynh Thomas Cuong Huynh (born 1973) is an author, translator, and scholar of the Chinese classic Sun Tzu's The Art of War. He lives in Atlanta, Georgia in the United States.


query: Did Darryl Stonum play in the 2012 Holiday Bowl?

pos: Darryl Stonum Darryl Stonum (born February 14, 1990) is an American football return specialist and wide receiver playing his final year of collegiate athletic eligibility for the 2012 Baylor Bears football team. He played at the University of Michigan from 2008 to 2010 and set the Michigan Wolverines football record for most kickoff return yards in a single season with 1,001 yards as a member of the 2009 team. He was the second leading receiver on the 2010 team. He was suspended for the full season from the 2011 team for alcohol-related offenses for which he was placed on probation. He violated this probation and was sentenced to jail on January 6, 2012. He was dismissed from the Michigan football team Jan. 17, 2012, after serving a short jail term.

pos: 2012 Baylor Bears football team The 2012 Baylor Bears football team represented Baylor University in the 2012 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The team was coached by Art Briles and played its home games at Floyd Casey Stadium in Waco, Texas. The Bears were members of the Big 12 Conference. The conference slate began with a trip to Morgantown, West Virginia to take on the West Virginia Mountaineers, and concluded at home against the Oklahoma State Cowboys. On December 2, Baylor accepted a berth in the 2012 Holiday Bowl to face #17 UCLA, where they defeated the Bruins, 49–26, on December 27.

neg: 1989 Holiday Bowl The 1989 Holiday Bowl was a college football bowl game played December 30, 1989, at Qualcomm Stadium in San Diego, California. It was part of the 1989 NCAA Division I-A football season. It featured the Penn State Nittany Lions and BYU Cougars.

neg: 2012 Boise State Broncos football team The 2012 Boise State Broncos football team represented Boise State University in the 2012 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Broncos were led by head coach Chris Petersen and played their home games at Bronco Stadium. This season was Boise State's second in the Mountain West Conference. They finished the season 11–2, 7–1 in Mountain West play to share the conference championship with Fresno State and San Diego State. They were invited to and were champions of the Maaco Bowl Las Vegas for the third consecutive year, this year defeating Washington 28–26.

neg: 2012 TicketCity Bowl The 2012 TicketCity Bowl, the second edition of the game, was a post-season American college football bowl game, held on January 2, 2012 at the Cotton Bowl in Dallas, Texas as part of the 2011–12 NCAA Bowl season.

neg: Brian Stahovich Brian Stahovich (born April 14, 1990) is an American football punter who is currently a free agent. He was signed as an undrafted free agent by the Indianapolis Colts in 2012. Stahovich has also been a member of the Buffalo Bills. He played college football at San Diego State University.

neg: Tyrone Timmons Tyrone Timmons (born July 7, 1984) is a former professional American football wide receiver. He was signed by the Kansas City Chiefs as an undrafted free agent in 2007. He played college football for the Mississippi Valley State Delta Devils. He was inducted into the Mississippi Valley State University Hall of Fame in April of 2017.

neg: 2013 Hawaii Bowl The 2013 Hawaii Bowl was an American college football bowl game that was played on December 24, 2013 at Aloha Stadium in Honolulu, Hawaii. The twelfth edition of the Hawaii Bowl, it featured the Boise State Broncos from the Mountain West Conference against the Oregon State Beavers from the Pac-12 Conference. It was one of the 2013–14 bowl games that concluded the 2013 FBS football season. It began at 3:00 p.m. HAST (8:00 p.m. EST) and aired on ESPN. The game was sponsored by Sheraton Hotels and Resorts and was officially known as the Sheraton Hawaii Bowl. The Oregon State Beavers defeated the Boise State Broncos 38–23.

neg: Darryl Tillman Darryl Tillman (born April 27, 1967) is a former American football wide receiver in the Arena Football League. He played for the New Orleans Night, Dallas Texans and Las Vegas Sting. Tillman played college football at Southern Mississippi.

neg: Kelvin Beachum Kelvin Lee Beachum Jr. (born June 8, 1989) is an American football offensive tackle for the New York Jets of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at SMU, and was drafted by the Pittsburgh Steelers in the seventh round (248th overall) of the 2012 NFL draft. He has also played for the Jacksonville Jaguars.

neg: 2012 Vanderbilt Commodores football team The 2012 Vanderbilt Commodores football team represented Vanderbilt University during the 2012 NCAA Division I FBS football season. (variously "VU" "Vandy" Vanderbilt "Dores") The Commodores played their six home games at Vanderbilt Stadium at Dudley Field in Nashville, Tennessee, which has been Vanderbilt football's home stadium since 1922. The team's head coach was James Franklin, who is in his second year at Vanderbilt. Vanderbilt has been a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) since the league's inception in 1932, and has participated in the conference's Eastern Division since its formation for the 1992 season. On November 11, 2012 Vandy became bowl eligible in back to back years for the first time in its 123-year football history. This was the first time since 1935 that Vandy won five SEC games in a year and the first time in 30 years that they won at home against Tennessee. Vanderbilt finished the year with the longest current SEC winning streak. For the first time since 1948, Vanderbilt finished the season with a top 25 ranking.

neg: Lemuel Stinson Lemuel Stinson (born May 10, 1966) is a former professional American football cornerback in the National Football League (NFL).

neg: Rod Streater Rod William Streater (born February 9, 1988) is an American football wide receiver who is currently a free agent. He played college football at Temple University.

neg: Dwight Jones (American football) Dwight Jones Jr. (born January 1, 1989) is an American football wide receiver who is currently a free agent. He was signed by the Houston Texans as an undrafted free agent in 2012. He played college football for the North Carolina Tar Heels.

neg: Darryl Cowie Daryl Cowie (born 15 March 1961) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with St Kilda and Richmond in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

neg: 2011 Champs Sports Bowl The 2011 Champs Sports Bowl, the 22nd edition of the game, was a post-season American college football bowl game, held on December 29, 2011 at the Citrus Bowl in Orlando, Florida as part of the 2011–12 NCAA bowl season.

neg: Chris Doleman Christopher John Doleman (born October 16, 1961) is a former American football defensive end who played in the National Football League (NFL) for the Minnesota Vikings, Atlanta Falcons, and San Francisco 49ers from 1985 to 1999. He was an 8-time Pro Bowl selection and a 3-time First-team All-Pro, recording 150⅓ career sacks. He is a member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame class of 2012.

neg: 2014 Gator Bowl The 2014 Gator Bowl was an American college football bowl game that was played on January 1, 2014 at EverBank Field in Jacksonville, Florida. The 69th edition of the Gator Bowl, it featured the Georgia Bulldogs from the Southeastern Conference against the Nebraska Cornhuskers from the Big Ten Conference. The game began at 12:00 noon EST and aired on ESPN2. It was one of the 2013–14 bowl games that concluded the 2013 FBS football season. The game was sponsored by tax preparation software company TaxSlayer.com and was officially known as the TaxSlayer.com Gator Bowl.

neg: Corey White Corey White (born May 9, 1990) is an American football cornerback who is currently a free agent. He played college football for Samford University. He was drafted by the New Orleans Saints in the fifth round of the 2012 NFL Draft.

neg: 2015 St. Petersburg Bowl The 2015 St. Petersburg Bowl was a post-season American college football bowl game between the University of Connecticut (UConn) Huskies of the American Athletic Conference and the Marshall Thundering Herd of Conference USA, played on December 26, 2015 at Tropicana Field in St. Petersburg, Florida. The game was the final contest of the 2015 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I-Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) football season for both teams. It ended in a 16–10 victory for Marshall.

neg: 2016 Holiday Bowl The 2016 Holiday Bowl was a postseason college football bowl game, played at Qualcomm Stadium in San Diego, California, on December 27, 2016. The 39th edition of the Holiday Bowl featured the Minnesota Golden Gophers of the Big Ten Conference versus the Washington State Cougars of the Pac-12 Conference. Sponsored by small business loan company National Funding, the game is officially known as the National Funding Holiday Bowl.

neg: 2012 Little Caesars Pizza Bowl The 2012 Little Caesars Pizza Bowl, the 16th edition of the game, was a post-season American college football bowl game that was held on December 26, 2012 at Ford Field in Detroit, Michigan as part of the 2012–13 NCAA football bowl season.


query: The actor that plays the title role in the 2011 film "Conan the Barbarian" played what role on "Game of Thrones"?

pos: Conan the Barbarian (2011 film) Conan the Barbarian is a 2011 American sword and sorcery film based on the character of the same name created by Robert E. Howard. The film is a new interpretation of the "Conan" mythology, and is not related to the films featuring Arnold Schwarzenegger. It stars Jason Momoa in the title role, alongside Rachel Nichols, Rose McGowan, Stephen Lang, Ron Perlman, and Bob Sapp with Marcus Nispel directing.

pos: Jason Momoa Joseph Jason Namakaeha Momoa (born August 1, 1979) is an American actor, model, director, writer, and producer. He is known for his television roles as Ronon Dex on the military science fiction television series "Stargate Atlantis" (2004–2009) and as Khal Drogo in the HBO fantasy television series "Game of Thrones" (2011–2012).

neg: Conan the Barbarian (disambiguation) Conan the Barbarian is a character created by Robert E. Howard.

neg: Danny Gilmore Danny Gilmore (born December 23, 1973) is a Canadian actor. He has appeared in a number of films and television shows, starting with his role as Vallier in John Greyson's "Lilies" (1996). He has also appeared "L'Âge des ténèbres". (2007), the third film in Denys Arcand's trilogy, which began with "The Decline of the American Empire" (1986) and continued with the Academy Award winning "The Barbarian Invasions" (2003). He also starred in the international releases: "Gaz Bar Blues", "Les Fils de Marie" and "Marie Antoinette".

neg: Josef Altin Josef Altin (born as Yusuf Altın; 12 February 1983) is an English TV series and film actor who has the role of Pypar in the HBO fantasy TV series "Game of Thrones". Other notable performances is his role as Ekrem in "Eastern Promises" and his roles in "The Bill", "Peep Show" and "Casualty". He starred in D.C. Moore's hit play "The Empire" at the Royal Court Theatre in London. Also played the role of Darren in Him and Her, BBC TV series.

neg: Tormund Giantsbane Tormund Giantsbane is a fictional character in the "A Song of Ice and Fire" series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin, and its television adaptation "Game of Thrones".

neg: Kevin Sorbo Kevin David Sorbo (born September 24, 1958) is an American actor. He is best known for his starring roles in two television series: as Hercules in "", and as Captain Dylan Hunt in "Andromeda".

neg: Conan the Barbarian Conan the Barbarian (also known as Conan the Cimmerian) is a fictional sword and sorcery hero who originated in pulp fiction magazines and has since been adapted to books, comics, several films (including "Conan the Barbarian" and "Conan the Destroyer"), television programs (cartoon and live-action), video games, role-playing games and other media. The character was created by writer Robert E. Howard in 1932 via a series of fantasy stories published in "Weird Tales" magazine.

neg: Oliver Ford Davies Oliver Robert Ford Davies (born 12 August 1939) is an English actor and writer, best known for his role as Sio Bibble in "Star Wars" to . He is also known for his role as Cressen in HBO series "Game of Thrones".

neg: Jamie Sives Jamie Sives ( ; born 14 August 1973) is a Scottish actor best known for his portrayal of Jory Cassel in the first season of "Game of Thrones".

neg: Game of Thrones (season 2) The second season of the fantasy drama television series "Game of Thrones" premiered in the United States on HBO on April 1, 2012, and concluded on June 3, 2012. It was broadcast on Sunday at 9:00 pm in the United States, consisting of 10 episodes, each running approximately 50–60 minutes. The season mostly covers the events of "A Clash of Kings", the second novel of the "A Song of Ice and Fire" series by George R. R. Martin, adapted for television by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss. HBO ordered the second season on April 19, 2011, which began filming in July 2011, primarily in Ireland, Northern Ireland, Croatia and Iceland.

neg: Ian McElhinney Ian McElhinney (born 19 August 1948) is an actor and director from Northern Ireland. He has appeared in many television series in a career spanning more than thirty years. In recent times his best known roles are as Barristan Selmy in "Game of Thrones", and as General Dodonna in "Rogue One".

neg: Jeremy Irvine Jeremy William Fredric Smith (born 18 June 1990), better known as Jeremy Irvine, is an English actor who made his film debut in the epic war film "War Horse" (2011). In 2012, he portrayed Philip "Pip" Pirrip in the film adaptation of "Great Expectations", and earned widespread critical acclaim for his role in the independent film "Now Is Good" (2012).

neg: Theon Greyjoy Theon Greyjoy is a fictional character in the "A Song of Ice and Fire" series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin, and its television adaptation "Game of Thrones". Theon is the son and heir of Balon Greyjoy, taken as a ward by Lord Eddard Stark following Balon's failed rebellion.

neg: Varys Varys is a fictional character in the "A Song of Ice and Fire" series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin, and its television adaptation "Game of Thrones".

neg: Michael Hordern Sir Michael Murray Hordern, CBE (3 October 19112 May 1995) was an English stage and film actor whose career spanned nearly 60 years. He is best known for his Shakespearean roles, especially that of King Lear, which he played to much acclaim on stage in Stratford-upon-Avon in 1969 and London in 1970. He then successfully assumed the role on television five years later. He often appeared in film, rising from a bit part actor in the late 1930s to a member of the main cast; by the time of his death he had appeared in nearly 140 cinema roles. His later work was predominantly in television and radio.

neg: Colin Firth Colin Andrew Firth, (born 10 September 1960) is a an English actor. He has received an Academy Award, a Golden Globe Award, two BAFTA Awards, and three Screen Actors Guild Awards, as well as the Volpi Cup. Firth's most notable and acclaimed role to date has been his 2010 portrayal of King George VI in "The King's Speech", a performance that earned him an Oscar and multiple worldwide best actor awards.

neg: Richard Brake Richard Colin Brake (born 30 November 1964) is a Welsh-American actor, known for portraying Joe Chill in "Batman Begins" and the Night King in "Game of Thrones" in the fourth and fifth season.

neg: Conan the Defender Conan the Defender is a fantasy novel by American writer Robert Jordan, featuring Robert E. Howard's sword and sorcery hero Conan the Barbarian. It was first published in trade paperback by Tor Books in December 1982, followed by a regular paperback edition in December 1983. The book was reprinted by Tor in February 1991 and September 2009. The first British edition was published by Legend in September 1996. It was later gathered together with "Conan the Invincible" and "Conan the Unconquered" into the omnibus collection "The Conan Chronicles" (Tor Books, 1995).

neg: Patrick Fabian Patrick Fabian (born December 7, 1964) is an American actor of film, stage and television. He is best known for his role on "Better Call Saul" as Howard Hamlin. His film roles include "End Game" (2006), "The Last Exorcism" (2010), "Pig" (2011) and "Jimmy" (2013).

neg: Oberyn Martell Oberyn Nymeros Martell, nicknamed the Red Viper, is a fictional character in the "A Song of Ice and Fire" series of epic fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin, and its television adaptation "Game of Thrones".

neg: Fire and Blood (Game of Thrones) "Fire and Blood" is the tenth and final episode of the first season of the HBO medieval fantasy television series "Game of Thrones". First aired on June 19, 2011, it was written by the show's creators and executive producers David Benioff and D. B. Weiss, and directed by Alan Taylor.


query: The "Dokkōdō", is a short work written by Miyamoto Musashi (宮本 武蔵 ) a week before he died in 1645, "Dokkodo" was largely composed on the occasion of Musashi giving away his possessions in preparation for death, and was dedicated to his favorite disciple, Terao Magonojō (to whom the earlier "Go rin no sho" ["The Book of Five Rings"] had also been dedicated), The Book of Five Rings (五輪書 , "Go Rin no Sho" ) is a text on kenjutsu and the martial arts in general, written by the swordsman Miyamoto Musashi circa which year?

pos: Dokkōdō The "Dokkōdō" (Japanese: 獨行道 ) ("The Path of Aloneness", "The Way to Go Forth Alone", or "The Way of Walking Alone"), is a short work written by Miyamoto Musashi (宮本 武蔵 ) a week before he died in 1645. It consists of either 19 or 21 precepts; precepts 4 and 20 are omitted from the former version. "Dokkodo" was largely composed on the occasion of Musashi giving away his possessions in preparation for death, and was dedicated to his favorite disciple, Terao Magonojō (to whom the earlier "Go rin no sho" ["The Book of Five Rings"] had also been dedicated), who took them to heart. "Dokkōdō" expresses a stringent, honest, and ascetic view of life.

pos: The Book of Five Rings The Book of Five Rings (五輪書 , "Go Rin no Sho" ) is a text on kenjutsu and the martial arts in general, written by the swordsman Miyamoto Musashi circa 1645. There have been various translations made over the years, and it enjoys an audience considerably broader than only that of martial artists: for instance, some business leaders find its discussion of conflict and taking the advantage to be relevant to their work. The modern-day Hyōhō Niten Ichi-ryū employs it as a manual of technique and philosophy.

neg: Daidōji Yūzan Daidōji Yūzan (大道寺 友山 , 1639 – December 11, 1730) was a samurai and military strategist of Edo period Japan. He was born in Fushimi in Yamashiro Province (present-day Fushimi-ku, Kyoto). Among the works he wrote in his late years was the widely circulated "Budō Shoshin-shū" (武道初心集 ) , an introduction to bushidō that was influential among middle- and lower-class samurai. It is available in an English translation by William Scott Wilson as "Budoshoshinshu: The Warrior's Primer".

neg: Meitoku Yagi Meitoku Yagi (八木明徳 "Yagi Meitoku", born March 6, 1912 in Naha, Okinawa - died February 7, 2003) was a karate master and teacher. He learned Goju-ryu from its legendary founder Chojun Miyagi. On April 29, 1986, Emperor Hirohito named Yagi a Living National Treasure (ningen kokuho) for his contributions to the martial arts.

neg: Koun Ejō Koun Ejō (孤雲懐奘 ) (1198-1280) was the second patriarch of the Japanese Sōtō school of Zen Buddhism who lived during the Kamakura period. He was initially a disciple of the short-lived Darumashū sect of Japanese Zen founded by Nōnin, but later studied and received dharma transmission under the Sōtō schools founder Dōgen. Today Ejō is considered Dōgen's spiritual successor by all existing branches of the Sōtō school. He is remembered today primarily as the author of the "Shōbōgenzō Zuimonki", a collection of informal talks by Dōgen which Ejō recorded throughout his discipleship. He is also featured prominently in the "Denkōroku", the first major piece of scripture produced in the Sōtō school after Dōgen, with his transmission story serving as the final koan. After Dōgen's death, Ejō struggled to maintain leadership of the new Eihei-ji monastery, due in part to his lack of training in China that prevented him from completing the temple as a Chinese-style meditation hall, as well as unfamiliarity with Chinese-style monastic practices. He gave dharma transmission to Jakuen, Gikai, Gien and Giin, all of whom were originally students of Dōgen, but his failure to designate a clear heir himself led to a power struggle known as the "sandai sōron" that temporarily split the community.

neg: Gosho-ha Hyōhō Niten Ichi-ryū The Gosho Ha Hyōhō Niten Ichi-ryū (五所派兵法二天一流 ) was one of the branches of the Niten Ichi-ryū, the Kenjutsu school created by Miyamoto Musashi, under the supervision of Gosho Motoharu, Shihan of the 9th generation. Since April 2007 was reintegrated with the seito (main line) under Yoshimoti Kiyoshi, 12th successor of Hyōhō Niten Ichi-ryū and 10th successor of Gosho-ha Hyōhō Niten Ichi-ryū.

neg: Dual wield Dual wielding is using two weapons, one in each hand, during combat. It is not a common combat practice. Although historical records of dual wielding in war are limited, there are numerous weapon-based martial arts that involve the use of a pair of weapons. The use of a companion weapon is sometimes employed in European martial arts and fencing, such as a parrying dagger. Miyamoto Musashi, a Japanese swordsman and "ronin", was said to have conceived of the idea of a particular style of swordsmanship involving the use of two swords.

neg: Tagaki Yoshin-ryū Tagaki Yoshin-ryū ("Tagaki Heart of the Willow School") was a school of Japanese martial arts. It was founded by Ito Sukesada, based on techniques that he learned from an ascetic named So Unryu. He taught this system to a samurai named Tagaki Oriuemon Shingenobu, and Tagaki's name was added to the school's. Tagaki was already a teacher of "jutaijutsu", an unarmed grappling system similar to the Chinese art of taijiquan. He was recognised as a shihan by Emperor Higashiyama in 1695.

neg: Zen Nihon kendō renmei Jōdō Zen Nihon Kendō Renmei Jōdō, or Seitei Jōdō in short, is a modern form of jōdō created by Japanese martial artist Shimizu Takaji and presented to the All Japan Kendo Federation in 1968.

neg: The Canon of Judo The Canon of Judo is a book was originally published in 1956, and written by Kodokan 10th dan, Kyuzo Mifune (1883-1965). The book covers almost all of the Kodokan recognized techniques, adds variations and new techniques, including Do-Jime in passing as well. The book also describes fifteen Kata developed by Mifune to teach adaptation through reversal and counters. The book organizes the techniques differently from the official Kodokan Gokyo.

neg: Ittatsu-ryū Ittatsu-ryū (一達流 ) is a traditional school ("koryū") of the Japanese martial art of "hojōjutsu". Today, Ittatsu-ryū has been assimilated into the traditional school of Shintō Musō-ryū. This particular school of "hojōjutsu" was created in the late 17th century by Matsuzaki Kinueimon Shigekatsu, the third Shintō Musō-ryū headmaster. The modern Ittatsu-ryū system comprises 24 training-forms ("kata"), grouped into 3 different series.

neg: Shishido Baiken Shishido Baiken (宍戸梅軒, also 宍戸某 "Shishido Nanigashi") is the name of a Japanese swordsman believed to have been active in the early years of the Edo period (1603-1868). Legend has it that Baiken was a skilled practitioner of the kusarigama (a metal chain attached to a kama and a weight, also known as the chain and sickle), and around the year 1607 he fought a duel the swordsman Miyamoto Musashi in which he was killed.

neg: Tennōki Tennōki (天皇記 ) , alternatively known as Sumera Mikoto no Fumi, is a historical text purported to have been written in 620 by Shōtoku Taishi and Soga no Umako. It is recorded in the "Nihon Shoki", but no extant copies are known to exist.

neg: Muramasa Muramasa Sengo (千子 村正 , Sengo Muramasa ) was a famous swordsmith who founded the Muramasa school and lived during the Muromachi period (14th to 16th centuries) in Japan. Oscar Ratti and Adele Westbrook said that Muramasa "was a most skillful smith but a violent and ill-balanced mind verging on madness, that was supposed to have passed into his blades. They were popularly believed to hunger for blood and to impel their warrior to commit murder or suicide."

neg: Saika Ikki The Saika Ikki or "Saiga Ikki" (雑賀一揆 ) , based in Ōta in Kii Province, were one of many "Ikkō-ikki" (Buddhist fanatic warriors) groups in feudal Japan led by Saika Magoichi. In particular, the members of the Saika Ikki, along with the monks of the Negoro-ji, were renowned for their expertise with the arquebus, and for their expert gunsmiths and foundries. Both of these groups came to the aid of the Ishiyama Hongan-ji, the central fortress cathedral of the Ikkō-ikki which was besieged by Oda Nobunaga from 1570 to 1580. The town motto is translated to English as: "Stand strong and do not forget". Their own fortress, Ōta castle (near the site of present-day Wakayama Castle), was besieged by Nobunaga in 1577. The monastery was attacked again several years later by Toyotomi Hideyoshi, in chastisement for their opposition to his former lord, Oda.

neg: Yagyū Munefuyu Yagyū Munefuyu (柳生 宗冬 , 1613 – November 16, 1675) was a daimyo and a teacher of kenjutsu and military strategy in Japan during the Edo period. His highest-ranking pupil was Tokugawa Ietsuna, fourth Tokugawa shogun. Munefuyu, who also went by the name Matajūrō, was the third son of Yagyū Munenori. One of his elder brothers was Yagyū Jūbei Mitsuyoshi. His younger brother was Retsudō Gisen, the real person who is fictionalized as Yagyū Retsudō, leader of the "Ura-Yagyu" (Shadow Yagyu), in "Lone Wolf and Cub".

neg: Dai Nihonshi The Dai Nihonshi (大日本史), literally Great History of Japan, is a book on the history of Japan. It was begun in the 17th century, during the Edo period, by Tokugawa Mitsukuni, the head of the Mito branch of the Tokugawa family. After his death, work was continued by the Mito branch until its completion in the Meiji era. The work starts with Emperor Jimmu, the legendary first emperor of Japan, during the early Kofun period, and covers the first hundred emperors, ending with Emperor Go-Komatsu after the merging of the Southern and Northern Court in 1392. The whole work comprises 397 scrolls in 226 volumes, and 5 scrolls of index.

neg: Sin Moo Hapkido Sin Moo Hapkido is a martial art that combines "hard" and "soft" techniques. From a purely technical perspective, it is very closely related to its parent art, Traditional Hapkido, though it places more emphasis on meditative, philosophical, and Ki development training. Hapkido is often translated as “the way of coordinating power,” which places emphasis on the physical techniques that Hapkido is often known for. However, the founder of Sin Moo Hapkido, Ji Han-Jae, has landed on a different understanding of the term. "Hap" means bringing together, gathering, or harmonizing. “Ki” is the energy or breath in the body that connects the mind and the body, and "Do" is the process or way this happens. Thus, his definition of Hapkido is, “The way of harmonizing the mind and body through the utilization of ki.” Sin means "higher mind or higher spirit," and "Moo" means "martial art."

neg: Hasegawa Eishin-ryū Hasegawa Eishin-ryū (長谷川英信流 ) is a iaijutsu koryū founded by Hasegawa Chikaranosuke Eishin (or Hidenobu)(長谷川主税助英信) as a continuation of the teachings he received in Shinmei Musō-ryū. After the death of the eleventh headmaster, Ōguro Motoemon Kiyokatsu, the school split into two branches or "ha". One branch, the "Shimomura-ha" (下村派), was renamed by its fourteenth headmaster Hosokawa Yoshimasa to Musō Shinden Eishin-ryū (無雙神傳英信流). After studying under Hosokawa, Nakayama Hakudō created his own school which he called Musō Shinden-ryū (夢想神伝流) in 1932. The other branch, the "Tanimura-ha" (谷村派), was renamed Musō Jikiden Eishin-ryū during the Taishō era (1912-1926), by its seventeenth headmaster, Ōe Masamichi, who incorporated the "Shimomura-ha" techniques and rationalized the curriculum.

neg: Matsumoto Masanobu Matsumoto Bizen-no-kami Masanobu (松本備前守正元 ) was a semi-legendary Japanese warrior and founder of the Kashima Shin-ryū school of swordsmanship and a member of the noble lineage of the ancient Ki clan (Ki no Miyatsuko 紀伊国造).

neg: Kendo Kendo (剣道 , kendō , lit. "sword way") is a modern Japanese martial art, which descended from swordsmanship (kenjutsu) and uses bamboo swords (shinai) and protective armour (bōgu). Today, it is widely practiced within Japan and many other nations across the world.

neg: Bong-Ki Han Bong-ki Han is known as founder and creator of WonHwaDo (원화도). He pioneered WonHwaDo not only across most parts of his homeland Korea, but also across stretches of Europe as well. A fiery, philosophical and sometimes controversial character meant that it was often his character as well as his skill that attracted many disciples. As a martial artist he took from Miyamoto Musashi's idea that true mastery only comes about when one is able to master art, calligraphy, dance as well as other aspects of daily life. Therefore, WonHwaDo attracted not only those interested in self-defense but also those interested in dance as well as other aspects of Korean Culture such as meditation and Korean style Yoga.


query: Along with Helen Carter, what is the name of the member of "Mother Maybelle and the Carter Sisters" who wrote "Juke Box Blues"?

pos: Juke Box Blues "Juke Box Blues" is a country music song written by June Carter Cash's mother, Maybelle Carter and June's sister, Helen Carter. The song was recorded by June Carter Cash, and was one of her few hits. In the 2005 film, "Walk the Line", it was sung by Reese Witherspoon.

pos: Helen Carter Helen Myrl Carter (September 19, 1927 – June 2, 1998) was an American country music singer. The eldest daughter of Maybelle Carter, she performed with her mother and her younger sisters, June Carter and Anita Carter, as a member of "Mother Maybelle and the Carter Sisters", a pioneering all female country/folk music group. The group was also known as The Carter Family.

neg: Keep On the Sunny Side Keep on the Sunny Side is a popular American song originally written in 1899 by Ada Blenkhorn (1858–1927) with music by J. Howard Entwisle (1866–1903). The song was popularized in a 1928 recording by the Carter Family. A recording of the song with The Whites was featured in the 2000 movie "O Brother, Where Art Thou?".

neg: Jimmy and Carol Owens Jimmy and Carol Owens are a husband and wife songwriting and author team. They are best known for the Christian children's album, "Ants'hillvania" which was nominated for the Grammy Award, "Best Album for Children", for the Grammy Awards of 1981. They have worked with many other singers and songwriters by themselves and together (Randy Stonehill, Pat Boone, Dean Jones, Jack Hayford, Andrae Crouch, Annie Herring, Matthew Ward, 2nd Chapter of Acts, Barry McGuire, Jamie Owens-Collins, The Imperials, Michael and Stormie Omartian, Larnelle Harris, Paul Baloche, Darlene Zschech, Bob Fitts, Graham Kendrick, and more).

neg: Margo Reed Margo Reed (c. 1942 – April 15, 2015) was an American blues singer and the sister of blues singer Francine Reed. In 2000, she was named Female Vocalist of the Year by "Arizona Jazz" magazine. She was inducted into the Arizona Blues Hall of Fame in 2004 and received the Jazz in Arizona Lifetime Achievement Award in 2008.

neg: Eddie Cantor Eddie Cantor (January 31, 1892 – October 10, 1964), born Edward Israel Itzkowitz, was an American "illustrated song" performer, comedian, dancer, singer, actor, and songwriter. Familiar to Broadway, radio, movie, and early television audiences, this "Apostle of Pep" was regarded almost as a family member by millions because his top-rated radio shows revealed intimate stories and amusing anecdotes about his wife Ida and five daughters. Some of his hits include "Makin' Whoopee", "Ida", "Yes! We Have No Bananas", "If You Knew Susie", "Ma! He's Makin' Eyes at Me", "Baby", "Margie", and "How Ya Gonna Keep 'em Down on the Farm (After They've Seen Paree)?" He also wrote a few songs, including "Merrily We Roll Along", the "Merrie Melodies" Warner Bros. cartoon theme.

neg: Larry Williams Lawrence Eugene Williams (May 10, 1935 – January 7, 1980) was an American rhythm and blues and rock and roll singer, songwriter, producer, and pianist from New Orleans, Louisiana. Williams is best known for writing and recording some rock and roll classics from 1957 to 1959 for Specialty Records, including "Bony Moronie", "Short Fat Fannie", "High School Dance" (1957), "Slow Down", "Dizzy, Miss Lizzy" (1958), "Bad Boy" and "She Said Yeah" (1959). John Lennon was a fan, and The Beatles and several other British Invasion groups recorded several of his songs.

neg: Ain't Nobody Here but Us Chickens "Ain't Nobody Here but Us Chickens" is a 1946 song, with music and lyrics by Alex Kramer and Joan Whitney. It was recorded by Louis Jordan and his Tympany Five. The single hit number one on the US "Billboard" Rhythm and blues Juke Box chart for seventeen weeks and number six on the pop chart. The B-side, "Let the Good Times Roll," peaked at number two on the R&B Juke Box chart.

neg: Brother Jukebox "Brother Jukebox" is a song written by Paul Craft. It was originally recorded by Don Everly, one-half of The Everly Brothers, in 1977 and reached number 96 on the country singles charts. It was later covered by Keith Whitley on "I Wonder Do You Think of Me" and by Mark Chesnutt on his 1990 debut album "Too Cold at Home". Released in November 1990 as the album's second single, it became his first Number One country hit in the United States. It was also recorded by John Starling on his 1977 album "Long Time Gone".

neg: Lena Horne Lena Mary Calhoun Horne (June 30, 1917 – May 9, 2010) was an American jazz and pop music singer, dancer, actress, and civil rights activist. Horne's career spanned over 70 years appearing in film, television, and theater. Horne joined the chorus of the Cotton Club at the age of 16 and became a nightclub performer before moving to Hollywood, where she had small parts in numerous movies, and more substantial parts in the 1943 films "Cabin in the Sky" and "Stormy Weather". Because of the Red Scare and her political activism, Horne found herself blacklisted and unable to get work in Hollywood.

neg: Wynonie Harris Wynonie Harris (August 24, 1915 – June 14, 1969), born in Omaha, Nebraska, was an American blues shouter and rhythm-and-blues singer of upbeat songs, featuring humorous, often ribald lyrics. He had fifteen Top 10 hits between 1946 and 1952. Harris is attributed by many music scholars to be one of the founding fathers of rock and roll. He influenced Elvis Presley, among others.

neg: Ma Rainey "Ma" Rainey (born Gertrude Malissa Nix Pridgett, September 1882 or April 26, 1886 – December 22, 1939) was one of the earliest African American professional blues singers and one of the first generation of blues singers to record. She was billed as the "Mother of the Blues".

neg: Inside Betty Carter Inside Betty Carter is a 1964 Betty Carter album. It contains the first recording of Carter's signature song, "Open the Door". Originally released on the United Artists label with eight tracks, it was reissued by Capitol Records in 1993 with seven previously unreleased tracks from a 1965 recording session that included Kenny Burrell on guitar.

neg: Jessie Mae Hemphill Jessie Mae Hemphill (October 18, 1923 – July 22, 2006) was an American electric guitarist, songwriter, and vocalist specializing in the North Mississippi hill country blues traditions of her family and regional heritage.

neg: Memphis blues The Memphis blues is a style of blues music ocreated from the 1910s to the 1930s by musicians in the Memphis area, like Frank Stokes, Sleepy John Estes, Furry Lewis and Memphis Minnie. The style was popular in vaudeville and medicine shows and was associated with Beale Street, the main entertainment area in Memphis, [[. [[W. C. Handy]], the "Father of the Blues", published the song "[[The Memphis Blues]]". In lyrics, the phrase has been used to describe a [[Depression (mood)|depressed mood]].

neg: Tell Mama (song) "Tell Mama" is a song written by Clarence Carter, Marcus Daniel and Wilbur Terrell (though some recordings give the sole songwriting credit to Carter). It is best known in its 1967 recording by Etta James. An earlier version of the song was first recorded in 1966 by Carter, as "Tell Daddy".

neg: The Blacksmith Blues "The Blacksmith Blues" is a song which was written for Ella Mae Morse by Jack Holmes. The recording reached #3 on the "Billboard" chart when it was released in 1952, and sold over a million copies. Recordings were later made by Bing Crosby, the John Barry Seven, and others. Harry James released a recording on Columbia 39671 with Toni Harper on vocals.

neg: Mercy Dee Walton Mercy Dee Walton (born Mercy Davis Walton, August 3, 1915 – December 2, 1962) was an American jump blues pianist, singer and songwriter, whose compositions went from blues to R&B numbers. According to journalist Tony Russell in his book "The Blues - From Robert Johnson to Robert Cray", "Walton created a series of memorable blues about the unattractiveness of rural life, sardonically aimed at the black migrant workers in southern California who constituted his typical audience".

neg: Jo Armstead Josephine Armstead (born October 8, 1944), often known as "Joshie" Jo Armstead, is an American soul singer and songwriter. She co-wrote Ray Charles' hits "Let's Go Get Stoned" and "I Don't Need No Doctor", among other songs written with Ashford & Simpson. After a period in The Ikettes in the early 1960s, she also had some success as a solo singer, her biggest hit being "A Stone Good Lover" in 1968.

neg: James Carter and the Prisoners James Carter (December 18, 1925 – November 26, 2003) was an American singer. He was born a Mississippi sharecropper and as a young man was several times an inmate of the Mississippi prison system. He was paid $20,000, and credited, for a four-decade-old lead-vocalist performance in a prison work song used in the 2000 film "O Brother, Where Art Thou?"

neg: Malvina Reynolds Malvina Reynolds (August 23, 1900 – March 17, 1978) was an American folk/blues singer-songwriter and political activist, best known for her songwriting, particularly the songs "Little Boxes" and "Morningtown Ride."

neg: Fred Carter Jr. Fred F. Carter Jr. (December 31, 1933 – July 17, 2010) was an American guitarist, singer, producer and composer.


query: When was the actor whose name inspired the name for the fictitious character Bertrand Newton born?

pos: Bertrand Newton Bertrand Newton is a fictitious character created by Australian comedian Charles Firth for his satirical book American Hoax, the name being a play on Australian television celebrity Bert Newton. In this book Newton was described as the founder the fictitious American 527 Political Action Committee (PAC) "AdBack", and also author of an influential booklet on political advertising titled "How to Change the World One Ad at a Time" (2004).

pos: Bert Newton Albert Watson "Bert" Newton, AM, MBE (born 23 July 1938), is a retired media personality, who is a Logie Hall of Fame inductee and quadruple Gold Logie award winning entertainer and radio, theatre and television personality/presenter, Newton has hosted the Logie Awards ceremony on numerous occasions through his career. He is known for his collaborations with Graham Kennedy and Don Lane. He started in radio broadcasting, before becoming a star and fixture of Australian television since its inception in 1956, and is considered both an industry pioneer, icon and one of the longest-serving television performers in the world. Newton is known for his association with both the Nine Network and Ten Network, in numerous shows including: "In Melbourne Tonight", "New Faces", "Good Morning Australia", "20 to 1" and "Bert's Family Feud". Newton's wife is singer and television personality Patti McGrath Newton. Their two children are Australian actor Matthew Newton and television personality Lauren Newton.

neg: Paul Merton Paul James Martin, known professionally as Paul Merton (born 9 July 1957) is an English writer, actor, comedian, radio and television presenter.

neg: Geoffrey Whitehead Geoffrey Whitehead (born 1 October 1939, Sheffield, West Riding of Yorkshire) is an English actor. He has appeared in a range of television, film and radio roles. In the theatre, he has played at the Shakespeare Globe, St. Martin's Theatre and Bristol Old Vic.

neg: Roderick Cook Roderick Cook (9 February 1932 – 17 August 1990) was an English playwright, writer, theatre director and actor of stage, television and film. Cook is known for creating, directing and starring in the musical review "Oh, Coward!" and portraying Count Von Strack in the Oscar-winning film "Amadeus".

neg: Julian Fellowes Julian Alexander Kitchener-Fellowes, Baron Fellowes of West Stafford, DL (born 17 August 1949) is an English actor, novelist, film director and screenwriter, and a Conservative peer of the House of Lords.

neg: Cyril Appleton Cyril Appleton (born 29 July 1930) is a British stage, television and film actor whose acting career spanned four decades.

neg: Nicholas Clay Nicholas Anthony Phillip Clay (18 September 1946 – 25 May 2000) was an English actor.

neg: Michael Hordern Sir Michael Murray Hordern, CBE (3 October 19112 May 1995) was an English stage and film actor whose career spanned nearly 60 years. He is best known for his Shakespearean roles, especially that of King Lear, which he played to much acclaim on stage in Stratford-upon-Avon in 1969 and London in 1970. He then successfully assumed the role on television five years later. He often appeared in film, rising from a bit part actor in the late 1930s to a member of the main cast; by the time of his death he had appeared in nearly 140 cinema roles. His later work was predominantly in television and radio.

neg: Jack Haig Jack Haig (born John Cecil Coppin, 5 January 1913 – 4 July 1989) was an English actor who specialised in supporting roles, mainly in Television comedy, he was best known for his role on sitcom 'Allo 'Allo! as Monsieur Roger LeClerc

neg: Ronald Long Ronald Long (January 30, 1911 – October 23, 1986), was a British actor who appeared principally in American television shows of the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s. He was born in London and performed at the Old Vic Theatre there before moving to America in the late 1940s.

neg: Colin Campbell (actor) Colin Campbell (born 17 January 1937, Twickenham) is an English actor.

neg: Clive Swift Clive Walter Swift (born 9 February 1936) is an English actor and songwriter. He is best known for his large role as Richard Bucket in the British television series "Keeping Up Appearances", but has played many other notable film and television roles, including that of Roy in the British television series "The Old Guys".

neg: Russell Simpson (actor) Russell McCaskill Simpson (June 17, 1880 – December 12, 1959) was an American character actor.

neg: Timothy West Timothy Lancaster West, CBE (born 20 October 1934), is an English film, stage and television actor.

neg: Clint Ritchie Clinton Charles Augustus Ritchie (August 9, 1938 – January 31, 2009) was an American actor.

neg: Malcolm McDowell Malcolm McDowell (born Malcolm John Taylor; 13 June 1943) is an English actor, known for his boisterous and sometimes villainous roles. He trained as an actor at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art.

neg: Ray Barrett Raymond Charles "Ray" Barrett (2 May 19278 September 2009) was an Australian actor. During the 1960s, he was a leading actor on British television, where he was best known for his appearances in "The Troubleshooters" (1965–71). From the 1970s, he appeared in lead and character roles in a number of Australian films and TV series.

neg: Tom Fleming (actor) Thomas Kelman Fleming, CVO, OBE, FRSAMD (29 June 1927 – 18 April 2010) was a Scottish actor, director, and poet, and a television and radio commentator for the BBC.

neg: Laurence Naismith Laurence Naismith (born Lawrence Johnson; 14 December 19085 June 1992) was an English actor. He made numerous film and television appearances, including starring roles in the musical films "Scrooge" (1970) and the children's ghost film "The Amazing Mr Blunden" (1972). He also had memorable rôles as Captain Edward Smith of the RMS Titanic in "A Night to Remember" (1958) and the First Sea Lord in "Sink the Bismarck!" (1960).

neg: Grant Tilly Grant Leonard Ridgway Tilly, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': 'MBE', '4': "} (12 December 1937 – 11 April 2012), was a New Zealand stage, movie and television actor, teacher and artist.

neg: Pierre Vernier (actor) Pierre Vernier (born 25 May 1931 as Pierre Louis Rayer) is a French actor.


query: What is the ratio of the building material that is named for the Latin word "crushed" and sand used to stabilize buildings?

pos: Sandcrete Sandcrete is a yellow-white building material made from a binder (typically Portland cement), sand in a ratio of circa 1:8, and water. Sometimes other ingredients may be added to reduce the amount of expensive Portland cement such as pozzolanas and rice husk ash. Sandcrete is similar but weaker than mortar, for which the ratio is circa 1:5. "Soil cement" and "landcrete" are similar materials but use other types of soil and hydraform blocks which are compressed, stabilized, earth blocks.

pos: Mortar (masonry) Mortar is a workable paste used to bind building blocks such as stones, bricks, and concrete masonry units together, fill and seal the irregular gaps between them, and sometimes add decorative colors or patterns in masonry walls. In its broadest sense mortar includes pitch, asphalt, and soft mud or clay, such as used between mud bricks. "Mortar" comes from Latin "mortarium" meaning crushed.

neg: Calcium sulfate Calcium sulfate (or calcium sulphate) is the inorganic compound with the formula CaSO and related hydrates. In the form of γ-anhydrite (the anhydrous form), it is used as a desiccant. One particular hydrate is better known as plaster of Paris, and another occurs naturally as the mineral gypsum. It has many uses in industry. All forms are white solids that are poorly soluble in water. Calcium sulfate causes permanent hardness in water.

neg: Quicksand Quicksand is a colloid hydrogel consisting of fine granular material (such as sand, silt or clay), and water.

neg: Silicon dioxide Silicon dioxide, also known as silica (from the Latin "silex"), is an oxide of silicon with the chemical formula Si O , most commonly found in nature as quartz and in various living organisms. In many parts of the world, silica is the major constituent of sand. Silica is one of the most complex and most abundant families of materials, existing as a compound of several minerals and as synthetic product. Notable examples include fused quartz, fumed silica, silica gel, and aerogels. It is used in structural materials, microelectronics, and as components in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

neg: Reinforced concrete Reinforced concrete (RC) is a composite material in which concrete's relatively low tensile strength and ductility are counteracted by the inclusion of reinforcement having higher tensile strength or ductility. The reinforcement is usually, though not necessarily, steel reinforcing bars (rebar) and is usually embedded passively in the concrete before the concrete sets. Reinforcing schemes are generally designed to resist tensile stresses in particular regions of the concrete that might cause unacceptable cracking and/or structural failure. Modern reinforced concrete can contain varied reinforcing materials made of steel, polymers or alternate composite material in conjunction with rebar or not. Reinforced concrete may also be permanently stressed (in tension), so as to improve the behaviour of the final structure under working loads. In the United States, the most common methods of doing this are known as pre-tensioning and post-tensioning.

neg: Wackestone Under the Dunham classification (Dunham, 1962) system of limestones, a wackestone is defined as a mud-supported carbonate rock that contains greater than 10% grains. Most recently, this definition has been clarified as "a carbonate-dominated rock in which the carbonate mud (<63 μm) component supports a fabric comprising 10% or more very fine-sand grade (63 μm) or larger grains but where less than 10% of the rock is formed of grains larger than sand grade (>2 mm)".

neg: Relative viscosity Relative viscosity (formula_1) (a synonym of "viscosity ratio") is the ratio of the viscosity of a solution (formula_2) to the viscosity of the solvent used (formula_3),

neg: Alkali–aggregate reaction Alkali–aggregate reaction is a term mainly referring to a reaction which occurs over time in concrete between the highly alkaline cement paste and non-crystalline silicon dioxide, which is found in many common aggregates. This reaction can cause expansion of the altered aggregate, leading to spalling and loss of strength of the concrete.

neg: Ratione soli Ratione soli or rationae soli is a Latin phrase meaning "according to the soil" or "by reason of the ownership of the soil." In property law, it is a justification for assigning property rights to landowners over resources found on their own land. Traditionally, the doctrine of "ratione soli" provides landowners "constructive possession of natural resources on, over, and under the surface: cujus est solum, ejus est usque ad coelum ad infernos."

neg: Living shorelines Living shorelines are a relatively new approach for addressing shoreline erosion and protecting marsh areas. Unlike traditional structures such as bulkheads or seawalls that worsen erosion, living shorelines incorporate as many natural elements as possible which create more effective buffers in absorbing wave energy and protecting against shoreline erosion. The process of creating a living shoreline is referred to as soft engineering, which utilizes techniques that incorporate ecological principles in shoreline stabilization. The natural materials used in the construction of living shorelines create and maintain valuable habitats. Structural and organic materials commonly used in the construction of living shorelines include sand, wetland plants, sand fill, oyster reefs, submerged aquatic vegetation, stones and coir fiber logs.

neg: Gypsum block Gypsum block is a massive lightweight building material composed of solid gypsum, for building and erecting lightweight fire-resistant non-load bearing interior walls, partition walls, cavity walls, skin walls and pillar casing indoors. Gypsum blocks are composed of gypsum plaster, water and in some cases additives like vegetable or wood fiber for greater strength. Partition walls made from gypsum blocks require no sub-structure for erection and gypsum adhesive is used as bonding agent, not standard mortar. Because of this fundamental difference, gypsum blocks shouldn't be confused with the thinner plasterboard (also known as wallboard or gypsum board) used for paneling stud walls.

neg: Silo A silo (from the Greek σιρός – "siros", "pit for holding grain") is a structure for storing bulk materials. Silos are used in agriculture to store grain (see grain elevators) or fermented feed known as silage. Silos are more commonly used for bulk storage of grain, coal, cement, carbon black, woodchips, food products and sawdust. Three types of silos are in widespread use today: tower silos, bunker silos, and bag silos.

neg: Concrete mixer A concrete mixer (often mistakenly called a cement mixer) is a device that homogeneously combines cement, aggregate such as sand or gravel, and water to form concrete. A typical concrete mixer uses a revolving drum to mix the components. For smaller volume works portable concrete mixers are often used so that the concrete can be made at the construction site, giving the workers ample time to use the concrete before it hardens. An alternative to a machine is mixing concrete by hand. This is usually done in a wheelbarrow; however, several companies have recently begun to sell modified tarps for this purpose.

neg: Terrazzo Terrazzo is a composite material, poured in place or precast, which is used for floor and wall treatments. It consists of chips of marble, quartz, granite, glass, or other suitable material, poured with a cementitious binder (for chemical binding), polymeric (for physical binding), or a combination of both. Metal strips divide sections, or changes in color or material in a pattern. Additional chips may be sprinkled atop the mix before it sets. After it is cured it is ground and polished smooth or otherwise finished to produce a uniformly textured surface.

neg: Rubble masonry Rubble masonry is rough, unhewn building stone set in mortar, but not laid in regular courses. It may appear as the outer surface of a wall or may fill the core of a wall which is faced with unit masonry such as brick or cut stone.

neg: Lime mortar Lime mortar is composed of lime and an aggregate such as sand, mixed with water. The Ancient Egyptians were the first to use lime mortars. About 6,000 years ago, they used lime to plaster the pyramids at Giza. In addition, the Egyptians also incorporated various limes into their religious temples as well as their homes. Indian traditional structures built with lime mortar, which are more than 4,000 years old like Mohanjo-Daro is still a heritage monument of Indian civilization. It is one of the oldest known types of mortar also used in ancient Rome and Greece, when it largely replaced the clay and gypsum mortars common to ancient Egyptian construction.

neg: Stabilized soil mixing plant A stabilized soil mixing plant is a combination of kinds of machines used for mixing stabilized soil, which is used for highway construction, municipal road project and airport base ground etc. The plant produces stabilized soil with different gradings in a continuous way. It mainly contains cement silo, measuring and conveying system, mixing device.

neg: Aggregate base Aggregate base is typically composed of crushed rock capable of passing through a 3/4 in rock screen. The component particles will vary in size from 20 mm down to dust. The material can be made of virgin (newly mined) rock, or of recycled asphalt and concrete.

neg: Masonry Masonry is the building of structures from individual units, which are often laid in and bound together by mortar; the term "masonry" can also refer to the units themselves. The common materials of masonry construction are brick, building stone such as marble, granite, travertine, and limestone, cast stone, concrete block, glass block, and cob. Masonry is generally a highly durable form of construction. However, the materials used, the quality of the mortar and workmanship, and the pattern in which the units are assembled can substantially affect the durability of the overall masonry construction. A person who constructs masonry is called a mason or bricklayer.

neg: Surficial aquifer Surficial aquifers are shallow aquifers typically less than 50 ft thick, but larger surficial aquifers of about 60 ft have been mapped. They mostly consist of unconsolidated sand enclosed by layers of limestone, sandstone or clay and the water is commonly extracted for urban use. The aquifers are replenished by streams and from precipitation and can vary in volume considerably as the water table fluctuates. Being shallow,they are liable to contamination by fuel spills, industrial discharge, landfills, and saltwater. Parts of southeastern United States are dependent on surficial aquifers for their water supplies.

neg: Zener ratio The Zener ratio is a dimensionless number that is used to quantify the anisotropy for cubic crystals. It is sometimes referred as "anisotropy ratio" and is named after Clarence Zener. Conceptually, it quantifies how far a material is from being isotropic (where the value of 1 means an isotropic material).


query: Which occurred first, the Battle of Belleau Wood or the destruction of Task Force Faith?

pos: Task Force Faith Task Force Faith, also known as Task Force Maclean (and by its official designation, Regimental Combat Team 31 (RCT-31)) or the Polar Bear Regiment (), was a United States Army unit destroyed in fighting at the Battle of Chosin Reservoir during the Korean War between 27 November – 2 December 1950. It comprised primarily infantry, artillery, and tank units from the 7th Infantry Division, numbering approximately 3,000 soldiers. Of these, about 600 were KATUSAs (Korean Augmentee To the U.S. Army). The name Task Force Faith was originally coined by a U.S. Army historian; however, the unit was never known by this name. RCT-31, which consisted of the 31st Infantry Regiment and supporting units, had the 1/31 Infantry detached and the 1/32 Infantry (from the RCT-32) added, and the designation RCT-31 was never changed.

pos: Battle of Belleau Wood The Battle of Belleau Wood (1–26 June 1918) occurred during the German Spring Offensive in World War I, near the Marne River in France. The battle was fought between the U.S. 2nd (under the command of Major General Omar Bundy) and 3rd Divisions along with French and British forces against an assortment of German units including elements from the 237th, 10th, 197th, 87th, and 28th Divisions. The battle has become a key component of the lore of the United States Marine Corps.

neg: American Expeditionary Forces The American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) was the expeditionary force of the United States Army during World War I. It was established on July 5, 1917, in France under the command of General John J. Pershing. During the United States campaigns in World War I it fought alongside the French Army, British Army, and Canadian Army on the Western Front, against the German Empire. A minority of the AEF troops also fought alongside the Italian Army in that same year, against the Austro-Hungarian Army. The AEF helped the French Army on the Western Front during the Aisne Offensive (at the Battle of Château-Thierry (1918) and Battle of Belleau Wood) in the summer of 1918, and the AEF fought its major actions in the Battle of Saint-Mihiel and the Meuse-Argonne Offensive in the latter part of 1918.

neg: Battle of Gainesville The Battle of Gainesville (not to be confused with the First Skirmish of Gainesville of February 14, 1864) was fought on August 17, 1864, when a Confederate force defeated Union detachments on a raid from the Union garrison in the Jacksonville, Florida, area. However, the other and first Battle of Gainesville was fought on February 14, 1864, when a small unit associated with the February 1864 Florida Expedition, defeated a Confederate cavalry unit.

neg: 1st Maneuver Enhancement Brigade The 1st Maneuver Enhancement Brigade (1st MEB) was a United States Army brigade located at Fort Polk, Louisiana. The Brigade was tasked to improve the movement capabilities and rear area security for commanders at division level or higher. The Brigade has deployed units for combat operations in Afghanistan, Iraq, and for humanitarian assistance in Haiti after the 2010 earthquake.

neg: Richard Joseph Audet Richard Joseph "Dick" Audet {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (13 March, 1922 – 3 March, 1945) was a Canadian fighter pilot ace during World War II. In his first contact with enemy aircraft on 29 December, 1944 he destroyed five planes. By the end of January 1945 he had claimed a further five victories and shared a sixth. He was killed in action on 3 March, 1945 near Coesfeld, Germany.

neg: First Battle of Donaldsonville The First Battle of Donaldsonville took place on August 9, 1862, in Ascension Parish, Louisiana, as part of the Operations against Baton Rouge in the American Civil War.

neg: Battle of the Ancre Heights The Battle of the Ancre Heights (1 October – 11 November 1916), is the name given to the continuation of British attacks after the Battle of Thiepval Ridge from 26–28 September during the Battle of the Somme. The battle was conducted by the Reserve Army (renamed Fifth Army on 29 October) from Courcelette near the Albert–Bapaume road, west to Thiepval on Bazentin Ridge. British possession of the heights would deprive the German 1st Army of observation towards Albert to the south-west and give the British observation north over the Ancre valley to the German positions around Beaumont Hamel, Serre and Beaucourt. The Reserve Army conducted large attacks on 1, 8, 21, 25 October and from 10–11 November.

neg: Battle of Saint-Lô The Battle of Saint-Lô is one of the three conflicts in the , which took place between July 9–24, 1944, just before Operation Cobra. Saint-Lô had fallen to Germany in 1940, and, after the Invasion of Normandy, the Americans targeted the city, as it served as a strategic crossroads. American bombardments caused heavy damage (up to 95% of the city was destroyed) and a high number of casualties, which resulted in the martyr city being called "The Capital of Ruins", popularized in a report by Samuel Beckett.

neg: First Battle of Jaunde The First Battle of Jaunde involved the attempted British and French assault on the German capital of Jaunde during the Kamerun Campaign of the First World War. Due to a lack of coordination, difficult terrain, adverse weather conditions, and stiff German resistance, the attack was forced to retreat in late June 1915. Another assault on the capital would not be conducted until later that year.

neg: Battle of the Plains of Abraham The Battle of the Plains of Abraham, also known as the Battle of Quebec (Bataille des Plaines d'Abraham, or Première bataille de Québec in French), was a pivotal battle in the Seven Years' War (referred to as the French and Indian War in the United States). The battle, which began on 13 September 1759, was fought by the British Army and Navy against the French Army on a plateau just outside the walls of Quebec City, on land that was originally owned by a farmer named Abraham Martin, hence the name of the battle. The battle involved fewer than 10,000 troops between both sides, but proved to be a deciding moment in the conflict between France and Britain over the fate of New France, influencing the later creation of Canada.

neg: Glorious First of June The Glorious First of June (also known in France as the "Bataille du 13 prairial an 2" or "Combat de Prairial" ) of 1794 was the first and largest fleet action of the naval conflict between the Kingdom of Great Britain and the First French Republic during the French Revolutionary Wars.

neg: James T. Conway James Terry Conway (born December 26, 1947) is a retired United States Marine Corps four-star General who was the 34th Commandant of the Marine Corps. Among his previous postings were Director of Operations (J-3) on the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Commanding General of 1st Marine Division and I Marine Expeditionary Force, taking part in the 2003 invasion of Iraq and First Battle of Fallujah, Iraq, during which he controversially constructed a military base on the ruins of Babylon.

neg: Memphis Belle: A Story of a Flying Fortress The Memphis Belle: A Story of a Flying Fortress is a 1944 documentary film which provides an account of the final mission of the crew of the "Memphis Belle", a Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress. In May 1943 it became the first U.S. Army Air Forces heavy bomber to complete 25 missions over Europe and return to the United States.

neg: Lloyd W. Newton Lloyd W. "Fig" Newton (born December 24, 1942) is a retired United States Air Force four-star general who served as Commander, Air Education and Training Command (COMAETC) from 1997 to 2000. He was also the first African-American pilot in the U.S. Air Force Thunderbirds.

neg: Battle of Saint-Mathieu The naval Battle of Saint-Mathieu took place on 10 August 1512 during the War of the League of Cambrai, near Brest, France, between an English fleet of 25 ships commanded by Sir Edward Howard and a Franco-Breton fleet of 22 ships commanded by René de Clermont. It is possibly the first battle between ships using cannon through ports, although this played a minor role in the fighting. This was one of only two full-fledged naval battles fought by King Henry VIII's Navy Royal. During the battle, each navy's largest and most powerful ship—"Regent" and "Marie-la-Cordelière" (or simply "Cordelière")—was destroyed by a large explosion aboard the latter.

neg: 5th Interceptor Command The 5th Interceptor Command (Provisional) was a temporary command organization of the United States Army Air Forces. It was wiped out in the Battle of the Philippines (1941–42). The survivors fought as infantry during Battle of Bataan and after their surrender, were subjected to the Bataan Death March, although some did escape to Australia.

neg: Operation Atlantic Operation Atlantic (18–21 July 1944) was a Canadian offensive during the Battle of Normandy in the Second World War. The offensive, launched in conjunction with Operation Goodwood by the Second Army, was part of operations to seize the French city of Caen and vicinity from German forces. It was initially successful, with gains made on the flanks of the Orne River near Saint-André-sur-Orne but an attack by the 4th and 6th Canadian Infantry Brigades of the 2nd Canadian Infantry Division, against strongly defended German positions on Verrières Ridge to the south was a costly failure.

neg: Battle of Dien Bien Phu The Battle of Dien Bien Phu (French: "Bataille de Diên Biên Phu" ; Vietnamese: "Chiến dịch Điện Biên Phủ" , ] ) was the climactic confrontation of the First Indochina War between the French Union's French Far East Expeditionary Corps and Viet Minh communist-nationalist revolutionaries. It was, from the French view before the event, a set piece battle to draw out the Vietnamese and destroy them with superior firepower. The battle occurred between March and May 1954 and culminated in a comprehensive French defeat that influenced negotiations underway at Geneva among several nations over the future of Indochina.

neg: CSS Forrest CSS "Forrest" was a wooden-hulled Confederate gunboat that saw action in the North Carolina sounds in 1861 to 1862. Despite being considered "worn out", she saw continuous service until destroyed after the battle of Elizabeth City in February 1862.

neg: 91st Bombardment Group The 91st Bomb Group (Heavy) was an air combat unit of the United States Army Air Forces during the Second World War. Classified as a heavy bombardment group, the 91st operated B-17 Flying Fortress aircraft and was known unofficially as "The Ragged Irregulars" or as "Wray's Ragged Irregulars", after the commander who took the group to England. During its service in World War II the unit consisted of the 322nd, 323rd, 324th, and 401st Bomb Squadrons. The 91st Bomb Group is most noted as the unit in which the bomber "Memphis Belle" flew, and for having suffered the greatest number of losses of any heavy bomb group in World War II.

neg: Second Battle of the Aisne The Second Battle of the Aisne (French: "Bataille du Chemin des Dames" or "Seconde bataille de l'Aisne" , 16 April – mid-May 1917) was the main part of the Nivelle Offensive, a Franco-British attempt to inflict a decisive defeat on the German armies in France. The strategy was to conduct sequenced offensives from north to south, by the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) and several French army groups. General Robert Nivelle planned the offensive in December 1916, after he replaced Joseph Joffre as Commander-in-Chief of the French Army. The objective of the attack on the Aisne was to capture the prominent 80 km , east–west ridge of the Chemin des Dames, 110 km north-east of Paris, and then attack northwards to capture the city of Laon. When the French armies met the British advancing from the Arras front, the Germans would be pursued towards Belgium and the German frontier. The offensive began on 9 April, when the British attacked at the Battle of Arras. On 16 April, the "Groupe d'armées de Reserve" (GAR) attacked the Chemin des Dames and the next day, the Fourth Army of "Groupe d'armées de Centre" (GAC), near Reims to the south-east, began the Battle of the Hills.


query: What type of grand fir is found in Washington State and Northern California?

pos: Monte Cristo Natural Area Preserve Monte Cristo Natural Area Preserve in Klickitat County, Washington is part of the Washington Natural Areas Program. It protects 1,151 acres in the eastern Cascade Mountains owned by the Washington Department of Natural Resources. The landscape includes grand fir and Douglas fir forest, dry grassland, and shrubland with patches of Oregon white oak - Frémont silktassel chaparral.

pos: Abies grandis Abies grandis (grand fir, giant fir, lowland white fir, great silver fir, western white fir, Vancouver fir, or Oregon fir) is a fir native to the Pacific Northwest and Northern California of North America, occurring at altitudes of sea level to 1,800 m. It is a major constituent of the Grand Fir/Douglas Fir Ecoregion of the Cascade Range.

neg: Washington (tree) The Washington tree is a giant sequoia in the Giant Forest Grove in Tulare County, California, within Sequoia National Park. It is named after George Washington, first President of the United States. Until it partially collapsed in January 2005, the Washington tree was the second largest tree in the world (after the General Sherman tree).

neg: King Arthur (tree) The King Arthur Tree is a giant sequoia located in Garfield Grove, the grove is near the town of Three Rivers in California. The tree was once known as the California Tree, as shown in National Park Service promotional literature from 1917 (which describes the largest tree in Garfield Grove as the "California Tree"). The King Arthur is the ninth largest giant sequoia in the world. Its base of up to about 50 feet (15 m) rivals the General Sherman, the largest giant sequoia, for total mass.

neg: Picea engelmannii Picea engelmannii, with common names Engelmann spruce, white spruce, mountain spruce, or silver spruce, is a species of spruce native to western North America, from central British Columbia and southwest Alberta, southwest to northern California and southeast to Arizona and New Mexico; there are also two isolated populations in northern Mexico. It is mostly a high altitude mountain tree, growing at 900 m – 3650 m altitude, rarely lower in the northwest of the range; in many areas it reaches the alpine tree line.

neg: Artemisia tridentata Artemisia tridentata, commonly called big sagebrush, Great Basin sagebrush or sagebrush, is an aromatic shrub from the family Asteraceae, which grows in arid and semi-arid conditions, throughout a range of cold desert, steppe, and mountain habitats in the Intermountain West of North America. The vernacular name "sagebrush" is also used for several related members of the genus "Artemisia", such as California Sagebrush ("Artemisia californica").

neg: Kiidk'yaas Kiidk'yaas (meaning "ancient tree" in the Haida language), also known as the Golden Spruce, was a Sitka Spruce tree ("Picea sitchensis" 'Aurea') that grew on the banks of the Yakoun River on the Haida Gwaii archipelago, in British Columbia Canada. It had a rare genetic mutation that caused its needles to be golden in colour (rather than the usual green). Kiidk'yaas was considered sacred by the Haida people.

neg: Torrey pine The Torrey pine, Pinus torreyana, is a rare pine species in the United States. It is an endangered species growing only in the Torrey Pines State Natural Reserve, coastal northern San Diego county, and on one of the Channel Islands. This species is endemic to the coastal sage and chaparral ecoregion in the U.S. state of California.

neg: Northern California Northern California, often abbreviated NorCal, is the northern portion of the U.S. state of California. Spanning the state's northernmost 48 counties, in contrast to the 10 counties of Southern California, its main population centers include the San Francisco Bay Area (anchored by the cities of San Francisco, San Jose, and Oakland), the Greater Sacramento area (anchored by the state capital Sacramento), and the Metropolitan Fresno area (anchored by the city of Fresno). Northern California also contains redwood forests, along with the Sierra Nevada, including Yosemite Valley and part of Lake Tahoe, Mount Shasta (the second-highest peak in the Cascade Range after Mount Rainier in Washington), and most of the Central Valley, one of the world's most productive agricultural regions.

neg: Capitol State Forest The Capitol State Forest is a 91650 acre state forest in Thurston and Grays Harbor counties of the U.S. state of Washington. It includes part of the unusual Mima Mounds geologic feature.

neg: FIR A fir is a type of evergreen coniferous tree.

neg: Mother of the Forest The Mother of the Forest (667 BCE – 1854 CE) was an ancient and huge "Sequoiadendron" tree. The tree lived in the Sierra Nevada Mountains in eastern central California, United States. The dead tree's remains are within the Calaveras Grove of Big Trees State Park, in Calaveras County, California.

neg: Quercus agrifolia Quercus agrifolia, the California live oak, or coast live oak, is an evergreen oak (highly variable and often shrubby), native to the California Floristic Province. It grows west of the Sierra Nevada from Mendocino County, California, south to northern Baja California in Mexico. It is classified in the red oak section ("Quercus" sect. "Lobatae").

neg: Abies flinckii Abies flinckii, commonly known as the Jalisco fir, is a species of conifer in the genus "Abies". It is native to Southern Mexico and Guatemala.

neg: Allium constrictum Allium constrictum, the Grand Coulee Onion, is a plant species endemic to the US State of Washington. It is known from only three counties in the east-central part of the state: Douglas, Grant, and Lincoln. It grows on dry, sandy soils at elevations of 300-500 m.

neg: Quercus welshii Quercus welshii (wavy leaf oak, shinnery oak, Tucker oak) is a North American species of shrub in the (beech family) found in the Colorado Plateau and Canyonlands region of the southwestern United States.

neg: Lupinus lyallii Lupinus lyallii, common names of which are dwarf mountain lupine, Lobb's lupine, and Lobb's tidy lupine, is a species of flowering plant from the order of Lamiales which can be found in California and elsewhere in western North America.

neg: Sequoiadendron giganteum Sequoiadendron giganteum (giant sequoia; also known as giant redwood, Sierra redwood, Sierran redwood, Wellingtonia or simply Big Treea nickname used by John Muir) is the sole living species in the genus "Sequoiadendron", and one of three species of coniferous trees known as redwoods, classified in the family Cupressaceae in the subfamily Sequoioideae, together with "Sequoia sempervirens" (coast redwood) and "Metasequoia glyptostroboides" (dawn redwood). The common use of the name "sequoia" generally refers to "Sequoiadendron giganteum", which occurs naturally only in groves on the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California.

neg: Ericameria resinosa Ericameria resinosa, the Columbia goldenweed, or Columbia goldenbush, is a North American species of flowering shrubs in the daisy family. It is native to the northwestern part of the United States, in the states of Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.

neg: Fritillaria affinis Fritillaria affinis (checker lily, chocolate lily) is a highly variable species in the genus "Fritillaria", native to western North America, in California, Klamath Ranges, the north coast ranges, Cascade Ranges, north Sierra Nevada foothills, and the San Francisco Bay Area, north to British Columbia, Oregon, Washington, Montana and Idaho.

neg: Isocoma rusbyi Isocoma rusbyi, the Rusby's goldenbush, is a North American species of plants in the sunflower family. It has been found in the States of Arizona, Utah, New Mexico, and Colorado in the southwestern United States. Some of the populations lie inside Grand Canyon and Petrified Forest National Parks, others in the Glen Canyon National Recreation Area.

neg: Pseudotsuga lindleyana Pseudotsuga lindleyana, commonly known as the Mexican Douglas-fir, is a conifer in the genus "Pseudotsuga" that is endemic to Mexico. DNA sequence and morphological evidence suggests it is most closely related to Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir ("P. menziesii" var. "glauca") and might best be treated as an additional variety within "P. menziesii".


query: In which year did the artist, who illustrated "Multiverse: Exploring Poul Anderson's Worlds" win the Chesley Award for Artistic Achievement?

pos: Multiverse: Exploring Poul Anderson's Worlds Multiverse: Exploring Poul Anderson's Worlds is a gedenkschrift honoring science fiction and fantasy author Poul Anderson, in the form of an anthology of short stories and tributes edited by Greg Bear and Gardner Dozois. The book also includes cover art and interior illustrations by Bob Eggleton. It was first published in hardcover in May 2014 by Subterranean Press, with simultaneous paperback and ebook editions issued in June 2015 by Baen Books. All but one of the pieces are original to the anthology; the remaining one, Tad Williams's "Three Lilies and Three Leopards (And a Participation Ribbon in Science)", was originally published in the Winter 2012 issue of the ejournal "Subterreanean Online".

pos: Bob Eggleton Bobera Eggleton (born September 13, 1960) is an American science fiction, fantasy, and horror artist. Eggleton has been honored with the Hugo Award for Best Professional Artist eight times, first winning in 1994. He also won the Hugo Award for Best Related Book in 2001 for his art book "Greetings From Earth". He has also won the Chesley Award for Artistic Achievement in 1999 and was the guest of honor at Chicon 2000.

neg: Arthur Ranson Arthur James Ranson (born 1939) is an English comic book illustrator, known for his work on "Look-in", "Anderson: Psi Division", "Button Man" and "Mazeworld". His work on Cassandra Anderson has been called "photo-realistic".

neg: T. Lewis Thomas Leslie Lewis III, mostly known as T. Lewis, is an American artist who has worked as a book illustrator. He received the National Cartoonist Society Book Illustration Award for 1999. He illustrates the comic strip "Over the Hedge".

neg: Stanley Anderson (artist) Alfred Charles Stanley Anderson {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (11 May 1884 – 4 March 1966) was a British engraver, etcher and watercolour painter. Anderson was principally known for the series of highly detailed engravings of traditional British crafts that he completed over a twenty-year period beginning in 1933.

neg: Kentaro Miura Kentaro Miura (三浦 建太郎 , Miura Kentarō , born 11 July 1966) is a Japanese manga artist best known for his popular dark fantasy manga "Berserk".

neg: Mel Hunter Milford "Mel" Joseph Hunter 111 (July 27, 1927 – February 20, 2004) was a 20th-century American illustrator. He enjoyed a successful career as a science fiction illustrator, producing illustrations for famous science fiction authors such as Isaac Asimov and Robert A. Heinlein, as well as a technical and scientific illustrator for clients such as The Pentagon, Hayden Planetarium, and the Massachusetts Audubon Society.

neg: Doug TenNapel Douglas Richard "Doug" TenNapel (born July 10, 1966) is an American animator, writer, cartoonist, video game designer, and comic book artist whose work has encompassed animated television, video games, and comic books. He is best known for creating Earthworm Jim, a character that spawned a video game series, cartoon show, and a toy line.

neg: Robert Ingpen Robert Roger Ingpen AM, FRSA (born 13 October 1936) is an Australian graphic designer, illustrator, and writer. For his "lasting contribution" as a children's illustrator he received the biennial, international Hans Christian Andersen Medal in 1986.

neg: Joe Jusko Joe Jusko (born September 1, 1959) is an American artist known for his realistic, highly detailed painted fantasy, pin-up, and cover illustrations, mainly in the comic book industry. Jusko painted the 1992 Marvel Masterpieces trading cards, the popularity of which has been credited with initiating the painted trading card boom of the 1990s.

neg: Mal Peet Malcolm Charles Peet (5 October 1947 – 2 March 2015) was an English author and illustrator best known for young adult fiction. He has won several honours including the Brandford Boase, the Carnegie Medal and the Guardian Prize, British children's literature awards that recognise "year's best" books. Three of his novels feature football and the fictional South American sports journalist Paul Faustino. "The Murdstone Trilogy" (2014) is his first work aimed at adult readers.

neg: Jeff Miracola Jeff Miracola (born October 10, 1971) is an American fantasy artist, children's book artist, and illustrator.

neg: Milton Knight Milton Knight (born May 12, 1962) is an American cartoonist/animator, comic book artist and writer, painter, and storyboard/layout artist known for his Golden Age (1930s) cartooning style.

neg: Skottie Young Skottie Young (born April 3, 1978) is an American comic book artist, children's book illustrator and writer. He is best known for his work with various Marvel Comics characters, his comic book adaptations of L. Frank Baum's Oz books with Eric Shanower and a series of novels with Neil Gaiman.

neg: Steve Purcell Steven Ross Purcell (born 1961) is an American cartoonist, animator, director and game designer. He is most widely known as the creator of "Sam & Max", an independent comic book series about a pair of anthropomorphic animal vigilantes and private investigators, for which Purcell received an Eisner Award in 2007. Since being a comic, the series has grown to incorporate an animated television series and several video games. A graduate of the California College of Arts and Craft, Purcell began his career creating comic strips for the college newsletter. He performed freelance work for Marvel Comics and Fishwrap Productions before publishing his first "Sam & Max" comic in 1987. Purcell was hired by LucasArts as an artist and animator in 1988, working on several titles within the company's adventure games era.

neg: Time and Stars Time and Stars ([ISBN unspecified] for original hardcover version) is a collection of science fiction short stories by Poul Anderson, published in 1964.

neg: All Tomorrows All Tomorrows is a science fiction novel written and illustrated by the Turkish artist C. M. Kosemen, under the pen name Nemo Ramjet. It tells the journey of the evolution of human race over the next billion years, counting from the date man colonized the solar system, to their galactic dominance and ultimate disappearance.

neg: Rowena Morrill Rowena A. Morrill (born in 1944) is an American artist known for her science-fiction and fantasy illustration, and is credited as one of the first female artists to impact paperback cover illustration. Her notable artist monographs included "The Fantastic Art of Rowena", "Imagine" (in France), "Imagination" (in Germany), and "The Art of Rowena" and her work has also been included in a variety of anthologies including "Tomorrow and Beyond" and "Infinite Worlds".

neg: Bruce Tinsley Edward Bruce Tinsley IV (born 1958) is an American cartoonist best known for his conservative comic strip "Mallard Fillmore".

neg: Bernie Wrightson Bernard Albert "Bernie" Wrightson (October 27, 1948 – March 18, 2017), sometimes credited as Berni Wrightson, was an American artist, known for co-creating the Swamp Thing, his adaptation of the novel "Frankenstein" illustration work, and for his other horror comics and illustrations, which feature his trademark intricate pen and brushwork.

neg: Marshall Arisman Marshall Arisman (born December 21, 1937 ) is an American illustrator, painter, story-teller, and educator.

neg: Rick Veitch Richard "Rick" Veitch (born May 7, 1951) is an American comics artist and writer who has worked in mainstream, underground, and alternative comics.