query: Verrit, whose slogan is “media for the 65.8 million” refers to what part of the Hillary Clinton presidential campaign, 2008?

pos: Verrit The website's slogan says it is "media for the 65.8 million," referring to the number of votes Hillary Clinton won in the 2016 presidential election. Daou, an adviser to Clinton's 2008 presidential campaign, and prior chief executive of Shareblue told "Business Insider" that he intended the website to "reflect the worldview" of those who voted for Clinton and described the site as an "online hub for Clinton backers so that they can find easy-to-share facts, stats and other information you can take out to social media when you’re having debates on key issues people are discussing". Daou also said the website had no financial ties to Clinton.

pos: Hillary Clinton presidential campaign, 2008 The 2008 presidential campaign of Hillary Rodham Clinton, then junior United States Senator from New York, was announced on her website on January 20, 2007. Hillary Clinton was previously the First Lady of the United States and First Lady of Arkansas prior to her election as U.S. Senator from New York. She is also the wife of former President Bill Clinton. Clinton was the source of much media speculation since having expressed interest in being a candidate in the 2008 presidential election since at least October 2002.

neg: Political positions of Hillary Clinton Hillary Clinton, the nominee of the Democratic Party for president of the United States in 2016, has taken positions on political issues while serving as First Lady of Arkansas (1979–81; 1983–92), First Lady of the United States (1993–2001); as U.S. Senator from New York (2001–2009); and serving as the United States Secretary of State (2009–2013).

neg: The War Room The War Room is a 1993 American documentary film about Bill Clinton's campaign for President of the United States during the 1992 presidential election.

neg: Big Girls Don't Cry (book) Big Girls Don't Cry: The Election that Changed Everything for American Women is a 2010 non-fiction book written by American journalist Rebecca Traister and published by Free Press. The book discusses women's contributions to and experiences of the 2008 United States presidential election. Traister places particular focus on four main political figures—Hillary Clinton, Sarah Palin, Michelle Obama and Elizabeth Edwards—as well as women in the media, including Katie Couric, Rachel Maddow, Tina Fey and Amy Poehler. She also describes her personal experience of the electoral campaign and her shift from supporting John Edwards to Hillary Clinton.

neg: War on Terror The War on Terror (WoT), also known as the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT), is a metaphor of war referring to the international military campaign that was launched by the U.S. government after the September 11 attacks in the U.S. in 2001.<ref name="Schmitt/slogan"> </ref> U.S. president George W. Bush first used the term ""war on terrorism"" on 16 September 2001, and then ""war on terror"" a few days later in a formal speech to Congress. In the latter speech, George Bush stated, "Our enemy is a radical network of terrorists and every government that supports them." The term was originally used with a particular focus on countries associated with al-Qaeda. The term was immediately criticised by such people as Richard B. Myers, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and more nuanced ones subsequently came to be used by the Bush administration to publicly define the international campaign led by the U.S.; it was never used as a formal designation of U.S. operations in internal government documentation.

neg: Marathon (media) A marathon is an event in which viewers or readers engage many hours-worth of media (film, television, books, YouTube videos etc.) in a condensed time period. This phrase represents a two-fold shift from binge-watch in that it incorporates other media (not just television) and it reduces the negative connotations associated with bingeing. In the 2014 book "Media Marathoning: Immersions in Morality," Lisa Perks describes media marathoning as a “comprehensive and complimentary phrase” that “connotes a conjoined triumph of commitment and stamina. This phrase also captures viewers’ or readers’ engrossment, effort, and sense of accomplishment surrounding their media interaction.” Netflix Executive Todd Yellin is quoted as saying "I don't like the term 'binge,' because it sounds almost pathological. 'Marathon' sounds more celebratory."

neg: Politiquera A politiquera in the United States is an individual who is paid for by an election campaign to knock on doors to issue fliers and encourage people to get out and vote in favour of the candidate. Candidates who generally lack the grass root volunteers who normally do this job, resort to politiqueras to achieve the goal. Use of politiqueras in southern regions of Texas during the democratic primary on March 4, 2008 by Hillary Clinton campaign is one such example.

neg: Chris Dodd presidential campaign, 2008 The 2008 presidential campaign of Chris Dodd was launched on January 11, 2007 and ended on January 3, 2008 after a sixth-place finish in the Iowa caucuses. Dodd, the Senior Senator from Connecticut, sought the nomination of the Democratic Party for President of the United States. Centering his campaign in the strategically important states of Iowa and New Hampshire, he tried to bring forth a platform of change. Dodd's performance in the opinion polls varied, but in the financial sphere, he had secured some notable and influential endorsements who had sufficiently funded his campaign.

neg: Citizen Kate Citizen Kate is a continuing web series and video blog about Citizen journalism. In 2008, when the series was first created by Carey Lundin of Viva Lundin Productions, "Kate Soglin, a young "citizen journalist," gave the outsider’s view of inside politics. Citizen Kate was one of the first Citizen Journalists to hit the 2008 presidential campaign trail. She started her video blog coverage on February 10, 2007 at Barack Obama's announcement to run for president in Springfield, Illinois. She has filed several vblogs about the presidential campaign and politics on her web site CitizenKate.tv.

neg: Betsey Wright Betsey Ross Wright (born July 4, 1943) is an American lobbyist, activist, and political consultant who worked more than a decade for Bill Clinton in Arkansas. She served as chief of staff to Governor Clinton for seven years. As deputy chair of the 1992 Clinton presidential campaign, Wright established the rapid response system that was responsible for defending Clinton's record in Arkansas and promptly answering all personal attacks on the candidate. During the 1992 campaign, Wright coined the term "bimbo eruptions" to describe rumors alleging extramarital affairs by Clinton. In the 1990s, Wright was an executive for The Wexler Group, a lobbying firm in Washington, D.C. She currently resides in Rogers, Arkansas.

neg: Stephanie Cutter Stephanie Cutter (born October 22, 1968) is an American political consultant. She served as Deputy Campaign Manager for President Barack Obama's 2012 re-election campaign, and has previously worked in campaign and communications roles for other Democrats including Ted Kennedy, John Kerry and Michelle Obama. "The New York Times" described her as "a popular but polarizing face of (Obama's) campaign", and a "soldier who says the things the candidate can’t (or won’t) say."

neg: Center for Democracy and Technology Center for Democracy & Technology (CDT) is a Washington, D.C.-based 501(c)(3) non-profit organization whose mission is to promote an open, innovative, and free Internet.

neg: Jennifer Laszlo Mizrahi Jennifer Laszlo Mizrahi (born May 8, 1964 in Durham, North Carolina) is a person with a disability and a champion for the 1-in-5 people who have a disability. The co-founder/director of the Mizrahi Family Charitable Fund. A former political strategist, advocate, and commentator. She currently writes columns for the Huffington Post, Times of Israel, The Mighty. In addition to taking an active role in President Bill Clinton's Presidential campaign, she has founded or co-founded multiple non-profit organizations including "The Israel Project" and "Laszlo Strategies".

neg: Robby Mook Robert E. Mook ( ; born December 3, 1979) is an American political campaign strategist and campaign manager. He was the campaign manager for Hillary Clinton's 2016 presidential campaign.

neg: Ralph Nader presidential campaign, 2000 The 2000 presidential campaign of Ralph Nader, political activist, author, lecturer and attorney, began on February 21, 2000. He cited "a crisis of democracy" as motivation to run. He ran in the 2000 United States presidential election as the nominee of the Green Party. He was also nominated by the Vermont Progressive Party and the United Citizens Party of South Carolina. The campaign marked Nader's second presidential bid as the Green nominee, and his third overall, having run as a write-in campaign in 1992 and a passive campaign on the Green ballot line in 1996.

neg: Campaign finance Campaign finance refers to all funds raised to promote candidates, political parties, or policy initiatives and referenda. Political parties, charitable organizations, and political action committees (in the United States) are vehicles used in aggregating funds to keep campaigns alive. "Political finance" is also popular terminology, and is used internationally for its comprehensiveness. Campaign finance deals with "the costs of democracy", a term coined by G. Alexander Heard for his famous analysis of campaign finance in the U.S.

neg: Chuck Baldwin presidential campaign, 2008 The Chuck Baldwin presidential campaign of 2008 began April 10, 2008 as pastor and radio host Chuck Baldwin of Florida announced his candidacy for the Constitution Party presidential nomination. He previously served as the party's vice-presidential nominee in 2004. Baldwin's main opposition for the nomination was former ambassador Alan Keyes, who had just left the Republican Party. After a campaign touting his stands on civil liberties, foreign affairs, and religion, Baldwin won the nomination at the April 26 Constitution Party National Convention. Attorney Darrell Castle was selected as his running mate.

neg: Unity08 Unity08 was an American political reform movement that sought to offer all voters an opportunity to directly engage in politics by ranking the most crucial issues facing the country, discussing them with the candidates and engaging in an online, secure vote to nominate a bipartisan alternative to the Democratic Party and Republican Party presidential tickets for the 2008 U.S. presidential election. Founded in 2006, the group gained attention from various media outlets, with "Newsweek"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s Jonathan Alter dubbing the group's efforts a kind of open source politics.

neg: Money primary In the United States, the money primary, also known as the invisible primary, is the period between (1) the first well-known presidential candidates with strong political support networks showing interest in running for president and (2) demonstration of substantial public support by voters for them in primaries and caucuses. During the money primary candidates raise funds for the upcoming primary elections and attempt to garner support of political leaders and donors, as well as the party establishment. Fund raising numbers and opinion polls are used by the media to predict who the front runners for the nomination are. This is a crucial stage of a campaign for the presidency, as the initial frontrunners who raise the most money appear the strongest and will be able to raise even more money. On the other hand, members of the party establishment who find themselves losing the invisible primary, such as Mitt Romney in the 2016 race, may abandon hope of successfully running.

neg: Joy-Ann Reid Joy-Ann M. Lomena-Reid (born December 8, 1968), also known as Joy Reid, is an American cable television host and a national correspondent at MSNBC. She is also a regular political commentator on both television and in publications such as "The Daily Beast". In 2016, she wrote a book on the recent history of the Democratic Party, called "Fracture: Barack Obama, the Clintons, and the Racial Divide".

neg: Tom Vilsack presidential campaign, 2008 The 2008 presidential campaign of Tom Vilsack, former Iowa Governor began on November 30, 2006, the 2nd to officially announce a run. Vilsack had previously been considered as Vice Presidential candidate for Senator John Kerry in the 2004 presidential election. He ran for the Democratic Party's 2008 nomination for President of the United States.


query: In 1859, Harriet Tubman helped John Brown recruit men for an armed slave revolt in which US state?

pos: John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry (also known as John Brown's raid or The raid on Harper's Ferry) was an effort by armed abolitionist John Brown to initiate an armed slave revolt in 1859 by taking over a United States arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia. Brown's party of 22 was defeated by a company of U.S. Marines, led by First Lieutenant Israel Greene. Colonel Robert E. Lee was in overall command of the operation to retake the arsenal. John Brown had originally asked Harriet Tubman and Frederick Douglass, both of whom he had met in his transformative years as an abolitionist in Springfield, Massachusetts, to join him in his raid, but Tubman was prevented by illness, and Douglass declined, as he believed Brown's plan would fail.

pos: Harriet Tubman Harriet Tubman (born Araminta Ross;  1822 March 10, 1913) was an American abolitionist, humanitarian, and an armed scout and spy for the United States Army during the American Civil War. Born into slavery, Tubman escaped and subsequently made some thirteen missions to rescue approximately seventy enslaved people, family and friends, using the network of antislavery activists and safe houses known as the Underground Railroad. She later helped abolitionist John Brown recruit men for his raid on Harpers Ferry, and in the post-war era was an active participant in the struggle for women's suffrage.

neg: Lucy Higgs Nichols Lucy Higgs Nichols (April 10, 1838 – January 25, 1915) was an African American escaped slave, and a nurse for the Union Army during the American Civil War. Known affectionately as "Aunt Lucy", her sole photo shows her surrounded by veterans of the 23rd Indiana Volunteer Infantry Regiment, of the Army of the Tennessee. She was as devoted to the soldiers as they were to her and her daughter, Mona. She lost her daughter and husband during the Civil War, and after the war ended, settled in New Albany, Indiana, where she worked as a housekeeper to several officers and eventually married her second husband, John Nichols. She lived in New Albany with her husband for more than forty years, until her death on January 25, 1915, at the Floyd County Poor House.

neg: Slave catcher Fugitive slave catchers were people who returned escaped slaves to their owners in the United States in the mid 19th century. Slaves who managed to free themselves from their owners had yet another worry: fugitive slave catchers. The Compromise of 1850 and the "Fugitive Slave Law", the latter enacted pursuant to a specific provision contained in Article IV of the United States Constitution, created the Fugitive Slave.

neg: John Brown (Kentucky) John Brown (September 12, 1757August 29, 1837) was an American lawyer and statesman who participated in development and formation of the State of Kentucky after the American Revolutionary War.

neg: Maryland in the American Civil War During the American Civil War, Maryland, a slave state, was one of the border states, straddling the South and North. Because of its strategic location, bordering the capital city of Washington D.C., and the strong desire of the opposing factions within the state to sway public opinion towards their respective causes, Maryland would play an important role in the American Civil War. Abraham Lincoln's suspension of "habeas corpus" in Maryland, and his dismissal of the Supreme Court's decision that the suspension was unconstitutional, would leave lasting scars. The court was led by Chief Justice Roger Brooke Taney, a Marylander.

neg: The Immortal Ten The Immortal Ten were a group of militant Kansan abolitionists and Free-Staters who on July 23, 1859, freed John Doy from a Missouri jail, where he was being held for allegedly abducting slaves. The group included George R. Hay, Silas Soule, Charles Doy, Capt. John E. Stuart [Stewart], S. J. Willis, Thomas Simmons, Joseph Gardner, Jacob Senix, Capt. Joshua A. Pike and Major James B. Abbott.

neg: Alabama in the American Civil War The State of Alabama declared that it had seceded from the United States of America on January 11, 1861. It then quickly joined the Confederate States during the American Civil War. A slave state, Alabama provided a significant source of troops and leaders, military material, supplies, food, horses and mules; however, very little of the state's cotton crop could be sold, as the main port of Mobile was closed off by the U.S. Navy.

neg: Southern Manifesto The Declaration of Constitutional Principles (known informally as the Southern Manifesto) was a document written in February and March 1956, in the United States Congress, in opposition to racial integration of public places. The manifesto was signed by 101 politicians (99 Southern Democrats and two Republicans) from Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia. The Congressmen drafted the document to counter the landmark Supreme Court 1954 ruling "Brown v. Board of Education", which determined that segregation of public schools was unconstitutional. School segregation laws were some of the most enduring and best-known of the Jim Crow laws that characterized the American South and border states at the time.

neg: Henry O. Wagoner Henry O Wagoner (February 27, 1816 – January 27, 1901) was an abolitionist and civil rights activist in Chicago and Denver. In the 1830s, as a free black man in Maryland, he worked on a farm and worked to free slaves with a loose group of individuals that is known as the Underground Railroad. He left Maryland in 1838 under suspicion for his activities and settled in Illinois and eventually Chicago after spending a few years in Chatham, Ontario. Continuing to work with the Underground Railroad, he was also a typesetter and journalist for radical anti-slavery newspapers before the abolition of slavery in Chicago. Around this time he befriended Frederick Douglass, with whom he would remain close throughout his life. During the American Civil War (1861–1865), he helped recruit black soldiers for Illinois and Massachusetts regiments. After the war, he moved to Denver, where he had spent some time previously. He continued to be a leader in Denver, working to secure blacks the right to vote and equality in education and under the law.

neg: Pearl incident The Pearl Incident in 1848 was the largest recorded nonviolent escape attempt by slaves in United States history. On April 15, 1848, seventy-seven slaves attempted to escape Washington D.C. by sailing away on a schooner called "The Pearl". Their plan was to sail south on the Potomac River, then north up the Chesapeake Bay and Delaware River to the free state of New Jersey, a distance of nearly 225 miles. The attempt was organized by both whites and free blacks, who expanded the escape to include many more slaves. Paul Jennings, a former slave who had served President James Madison, helped plan the escape.

neg: Battle of Black Jack The Battle of Black Jack took place on June 2, 1856, when anti-slavery forces, led by the noted abolitionist John Brown, attacked the encampment of Henry C. Pate near Baldwin City, Kansas. The battle is cited as one incident of "Bleeding Kansas" and a contributing factor leading up to the American Civil War of 1861 to 1865.

neg: Lawrence massacre The Lawrence massacre, also known as Quantrill's raid, was an attack during the American Civil War (1861-1865) by the Quantrill's Raiders, a Confederate guerilla group led by William Quantrill, on the Unionist town of Lawrence, Kansas.

neg: J. Rufus Bratton James Rufus Bratton (1821 – 1897) was a doctor, army surgeon, civic leader, and leader in the Ku Klux Klan with whom he was guilty of committing numerous crimes. Bratton trained in medicine in Philadelphia in the 1840s but spent most of his life in Yorkville, South Carolina. He joined the Confederate Army as an assistant surgeon in April of 1861, the opening month of the American Civil War. After the war, he became an opponent of Reconstruction and a leader of the Ku Klux Klan. He was one of the leaders linked in the lynching and killing of local black leader Jim Williams. This led to a string of violent attacks which eventually led to a large group of York County blacks emigrating to Liberia. Bratton fled to London, Ontario, to escape prosecution, but later was able to return to South Carolina, where he pursued his career in medicine for the remainder of his life.

neg: John Albion Andrew John Albion Andrew (May 31, 1818 – October 30, 1867) was an American lawyer and politician from Massachusetts. He was elected in 1860 as the 25th Governor of Massachusetts, serving between 1861 and 1866, and led the state's contributions to the Union cause during the American Civil War. He was a guiding force behind the creation of some of the first African-American units in the United States Army, including the 54th Massachusetts Infantry.

neg: Statue of Harriet Tubman (Gainesville, Georgia) A Statue of Harriet Tubman is located on the campus of Brenau University in Gainesville, Georgia. It honors the life of abolitionist Harriet Tubman.

neg: John Brown (abolitionist) John Brown (May 9, 1800 – December 2, 1859) was an American abolitionist who believed and advocated that armed insurrection was the only way to overthrow the institution of slavery in the United States. Brown first gained attention when he led small groups of volunteers during the Bleeding Kansas crisis of 1856. Dissatisfied with the pacifism of the organized abolitionist movement, he said, "These men are all talk. What we need is action—action!" During the Kansas campaign, Brown commanded forces at the Battle of Black Jack and the Battle of Osawatomie. He and his supporters killed five supporters of slavery in the Pottawatomie massacre of May 1856 in response to the sacking of Lawrence by pro-slavery forces.

neg: Freedom Summer Freedom Summer, or the Mississippi Summer Project, was a volunteer campaign in the United States launched in June 1964 to attempt to register as many African-American voters as possible in Mississippi. Blacks had been cut off from voting since the turn of the century due to barriers to voter registration and other laws. The project also set up dozens of Freedom Schools, Freedom Houses, and community centers in small towns throughout Mississippi to aid the local black population.

neg: Texas in the American Civil War The U.S. state of Texas declared its secession from the United States of America on February 1, 1861, and joined the Confederate States on March 2, 1861, after it replaced its governor, Sam Houston, when he refused to take an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy. As with those of other States, the Declaration was not recognized by the United States government at Washington. Some Texan military units fought in the Civil War east of the Mississippi River, but Texas was most useful for supplying soldiers and horses for Confederate forces. Texas' supply role lasted until mid-1863, after which time Union gunboats controlled the Mississippi River, making large transfers of men, horses or cattle impossible. Some cotton was sold in Mexico, but most of the crop became useless because of the Union naval blockade of Galveston, Houston, and other ports.

neg: Black Cultural Association The Black Cultural Association (BCA) was an African American inmate group founded in 1968 at the California Medical Facility at Vacaville, a California state prison, and formally recognized by prison officials in 1969. The primary purpose of the BCA was to provide educational tutoring to inmates, which it did in conjunction with graduate college students from the nearby San Francisco Bay Area. Outsiders were allowed to attend meetings of the BCA, and tutors provided remedial and advanced courses in mathematics, reading, writing, art, history, political science, and sociology. In time, radical political organizations such as Venceremos infiltrated the BCA, giving rise to BCA factions such as Unisight, which eventually gave birth to the Symbionese Liberation Army.

neg: Biloxi wade-ins The Biloxi wade-ins were three protests that occurred on the beaches of Biloxi, Mississippi, between 1959 and 1963. The demonstrations were led by Dr. Gilbert R. Mason, Sr. in an effort to desegregate the beaches of the Mississippi Gulf Coast. Before the beaches were desegregated homeowners claimed the beaches as private property, and although the beaches were built by the Army Corps of Engineers using taxpayer funds, African Americans were restricted to designated areas of the beachfront. The effort to keep the beaches segregated was supported by the Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission.

neg: Brown Chapel A.M.E. Church (Selma, Alabama) Brown Chapel A.M.E. Church is a church in Selma, Alabama, United States. This church was a starting point for the Selma to Montgomery marches in 1965 and, as the meeting place and offices of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) during the Selma Movement, played a major role in the events that led to the adoption of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. The nation's reaction to Selma's "Bloody Sunday" march is widely credited with making the passage of the Voting Rights Act politically viable in the United States Congress.


query: Who most recently won the Nobel Prize for Literature, Jacinto Benavente y Martínez or Rohinton Mistry?

pos: Jacinto Benavente Jacinto Benavente y Martínez (12 August 1866 – 14 July 1954) was one of the foremost Spanish dramatists of the 20th century. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1922 "for the happy manner in which he has continued the illustrious traditions of the Spanish drama".

pos: Rohinton Mistry Rohinton Mistry {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (born 3 July 1952) is an Indian-born Canadian writer. He was awarded the Neustadt International Prize for Literature in 2012.

neg: International Botev Prize The International Botev Prize (Bulgarian: Международна ботевска награда ) is a prestigious Bulgarian award, presented to individuals with significant accomplishments in the field of literature.

neg: Juvencio Valle Juvencio Valle, also known by the pseudonym Gilberto Concha Riffo (November 6, 1900 – February 12, 1999), was a noted Chilean poet. He is a recipient of the "Premio Nacional de Literatura de Chile", a National Prize awarded to poets of high achievement.

neg: María Enriqueta Camarillo María Enriqueta Camarillo (also known as María Enriqueta Camarillo y Roa de Pereyra) (1872–1968) was a Mexican poet novelist, short story writer and translator. She was highly decorated for her works having schools and libraries named after her, as well as a bust by Spanish sculptor Mariano Benlliure erected in Hidalgo Park in Mexico City in her honor. She received the 1923 literary prize from Académie Française for her novel "El Secreto". She was awarded a collaborative partnership in 1927 with the Real Academia Hispano-Americana de Ciencias y Artes of Cádiz for her textbook "Rosas de la Infancia" and for the same work a prize as best children's literature at the Literary Salon of the Universal Exposition in Seville, Spain. Camarillo was granted the Order of Isabella the Catholic in 1947 and in 1948 received the Civil Order of Alfonso X, the Wise.

neg: Rafael Solano Rafael Solano Sánchez (born April 10, 1931 in San Felipe de Puerto Plata, in the Dominican Republic) is a Dominican pianist, songwriter, composer, arranger, author, and former Dominican ambassador to UNESCO. He is credited with writing over a hundred songs of various genres that include romantic, folk, as well as choral, religious, and merengue music. His most famous love song, "Por Amor", has been translated into several languages and performed by renowned artists, such as Marco Antonio Muñiz, Vicki Carr, Jon Secada, the Mariachi Vargas, and Plácido Domingo.

neg: Nobel Prize in Literature Since 1901, the Nobel Prize in Literature (Swedish: "Nobelpriset i litteratur" ) has been awarded annually to an author from any country who has, in the words of the will of Alfred Nobel, produced "in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction" (original Swedish: "den som inom litteraturen har producerat det mest framstående verket i en idealisk riktning"). Though individual works are sometimes cited as being particularly noteworthy, here "work" refers to an author's work as a whole. The Swedish Academy decides who, if anyone, will receive the prize in any given year. The academy announces the name of the chosen laureate in early October. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895; the others are the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Peace Prize, and Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

neg: Teresa Moure María Teresa Moure Pereiro (Born in 1969, Monforte de Lemos, Spain) is a Galician writer. She lectures in Linguistics at the University of Santiago de Compostela. She has published essays, novels, children’s books and a play. She was awarded the Lueiro Rey Prize and the Arzobispo San Clemente Prize for her first novel "A xeira das árbores" (Sotelo Blanco, 2004) and the Ramón Piñeiro Essay Prize for "Outro idioma é posible" (Galaxia, 2005). Her highly acclaimed novel "Herba moura" won the Xerais Prize for novels, the AELG Prize, the Irmandade do Libro á Autora Prize, the Benito Soto Prize for the best novel of 2005 and the Premio de la Crítica Española. She also received the Rafael Dieste Theatre Prize in 2007 for her play "Unha primavera para Aldara". Her work has been translated into several languages. She provides her students of Linguistics with a new perspective on a discipline which continues to have roots in the European and Latin tradition.

neg: María Lejárraga María de la O Lejárraga García (28 December 1874 – 28 June 1974), sometimes known as María Martínez Sierra was a Spanish feminist writer, dramatist, translator and politician.

neg: Juan Ramón Jiménez Juan Ramón Jiménez Mantecón (23 December 1881 – 29 May 1958) was a Spanish poet, a prolific writer who received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1956 "for his lyrical poetry, which in the Spanish language constitutes an example of high spirit and artistical purity". One of Jiménez's most important contributions to modern poetry was his advocacy of the French concept of "pure poetry."

neg: Juan García Ponce Juan García Ponce (September 22, 1932—December 27, 2003) was a Mexican novelist, short-story writer, essayist, translator and critic of Mexican art.

neg: Luce López-Baralt Luce López-Baralt born in San Juan, Puerto Rico is a professor of Spanish and Comparative Literature at the University of Puerto Rico.

neg: Enrique Ojeda (scholar) J. Enrique Ojeda (born 1928) was a professor at Boston College for 30 years, is the author of several books about Latin American literature, and has been called "the world's leading authority" on Ecuadoran poet Jorge Carrera Andrade. Ojeda has also written extensively on Ecuadoran novelist Jorge Icaza.

neg: Such a Long Journey (novel) Such a Long Journey is a 1991 novel by Rohinton Mistry. It was shortlisted for the Booker Prize and won several other awards. In 2010 the book made headlines when it was withdrawn from the University of Mumbai's English syllabus after complaints from the family of the Hindu nationalist politician Bal Thackeray.

neg: Luis A. Martínez Luis Alfredo Martínez Holguín (Ambato, June 23, 1869 – November 26, 1909) was an Ecuadorian writer, painter, politician, and agriculturist. He introduced Realism into Ecuadorian literature. He was an opponent of the government of Eloy Alfaro. He worked in different regions and at various jobs, from the humblest to the most prestigious, and knew about the life of the people, which allowed him to write his masterpiece, "A la Costa" (1904), one of Ecuador's first realist novels, describing faithfully the social changes taking place in his country in the late nineteenth century.

neg: Jabbour Douaihy Jabbour Douaihy (Arabic: جبور الدويهي) (born 1949) is a Lebanese writer. He was born in Zghorta in 1949, a member of the city's prominent El Douaihy family. He obtained a PhD in comparative literature from the New Sorbonne University and is currently a professor of French literature at the Lebanese University in Beirut. His novel "June Rain" was nominated for the 2008 Arabic Booker Prize and has been translated in several languages. An earlier work "Autumn Equinox" was translated into English by Nay Hannawi and won the Arkansas Arabic Translation Award. His most recent novel is "Chased Away". Douaihy has also published short story collections and children's books.

neg: Jaume Sanllorente Jaume Sanllorente (born 1976) is a Spanish journalist. In 2005 he founded a charitable organisation, Sonrisas de Bombay ("Bombay smiles"), to provide help to the poorest and most disadvantaged people of Mumbai, India. He later wrote a book about it, "Sonrisas de Bombay. El viaje que cambió mi destino". In 2011 he published his first novel, "La canción de la concubina", a fictionalised account of sex-trafficking in the Philippines.

neg: Thomas Pynchon Thomas Ruggles Pynchon Jr. ( , commonly ; born May 8, 1937) is an American novelist. A MacArthur Fellow, he is noted for his dense and complex novels. His fiction and non-fiction writings encompass a vast array of subject matter, genres and themes, including history, music, science, and mathematics. For "Gravity's Rainbow", Pynchon won the 1974 U.S. National Book Award for Fiction.

neg: Justo Sierra Justo Sierra Méndez (Campeche, Republic of Yucatán, January 26, 1848 – Madrid, Spain, September 13, 1912), was a prominent liberal Mexican writer, historian, journalist, poet and political figure of the second half of the nineteenth century and early twentieth century.

neg: Antonio Muñoz Molina Antonio Muñoz Molina (born 10 January 1956) is a Spanish writer and, since 8 June 1995, a full member of the Royal Spanish Academy. In 2013 he received the Prince of Asturias Award for literature.

neg: Luis Nery (boxer) Luis Nery (born "Luis Esteban Neri Hernández"; born December 12, 1994) is a Mexican professional boxer who has held the WBC and "The Ring" bantamweight titles since August 2017.

neg: Jorge Isaacs Jorge Isaacs Ferrer (April 1, 1837 – April 17, 1895) was a Colombian writer, politician and soldier. His only novel, "María", became one of the most notable works of the Romantic movement in Spanish-language literature.


query: Who directed a 2017 American thriller film written by Marc Frydman and Justin Stanley that stars an Irish actor best known for his role in the film "Velvet Goldmine"?

pos: Black Butterfly (2017 film) Black Butterfly is a 2017 American thriller film directed by Brian Goodman and written by Marc Frydman and Justin Stanley. The film stars Antonio Banderas, Jonathan Rhys Meyers, Piper Perabo, Abel Ferrara, Vincent Riotta and Nathalie Rapti Gomez. The film was released on May 26, 2017, by Lionsgate Premiere.

pos: Jonathan Rhys Meyers Jonathan Rhys Meyers (born Jonathan Michael Francis O'Keeffe; 27 July 1977) is an Irish actor. He is best known for his roles in the films "Velvet Goldmine" (1998), "Bend It Like Beckham" (2002), "Match Point" (2005), "" (2006) and his television roles as Elvis Presley in the biographical miniseries "Elvis" (2005), which earned him a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Miniseries or Television Film, and as King Henry VIII in the historical drama "The Tudors" (2007–10). He has been the face model for several Hugo Boss fragrances advertising campaigns.

neg: Brian James Roche Brian James Roche (born 2 October 1987) is an Irish actor, writer and musician from Limerick, Ireland.

neg: Molly's Game Molly's Game is a 2017 American crime drama film written and directed by Aaron Sorkin in his directorial debut, based upon the memoir "Molly's Game: From Hollywood's Elite to Wall Street's Billionaire Boys Club, My High-Stakes Adventure in the World of Underground Poker" by Molly Bloom. It stars Jessica Chastain as Bloom, along with Idris Elba, Kevin Costner, Michael Cera, Brian d'Arcy James, Chris O'Dowd, Bill Camp, Graham Greene, Claire Rankin, Joe Keery and Jeremy Strong. The film follows the 26-year-old Bloom who becomes the target of an FBI investigation following her running of an underground poker empire for Hollywood celebrities, athletes, business tycoons and the Russian mob.

neg: Terrence Howard Terrence Dashon Howard (born March 11, 1969) is an American actor and singer. Having his first major roles in the 1995 films "Dead Presidents" and "Mr. Holland's Opus", Howard broke into the mainstream with a succession of television and cinema roles between 2004 and 2006. He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor for his role in "Hustle & Flow". Howard has had prominent roles in many other movies including "Winnie", "Ray", "Lackawanna Blues", "Crash", " Four Brothers", "Get Rich or Die Tryin'", "Idlewild", "August Rush", "The Brave One" and "Prisoners". Howard played James Rhodes in the first "Iron Man" and its video game adaptation, but he was replaced by Don Cheadle for the future films. He currently stars as the lead character Lucious Lyon in the television series "Empire". His debut album, "Shine Through It", was released in September 2008.

neg: Irish Gold Irish Gold is the first of the "Nuala Anne McGrail series" of mystery novels by Roman Catholic priest and author Father Andrew M. Greeley.

neg: Rupert Penry-Jones Rupert William Penry-Jones (born 22 September 1970) is an English actor, best known for his roles as Adam Carter in the BBC One spy drama series "Spooks", Clive Reader QC in the BBC One legal drama "Silk", policeman DI Joseph Chandler in the ITV murder mystery series "Whitechapel", and Mr. Quinlan in the FX horror series "The Strain".

neg: Run & Jump Run & Jump is a 2013 Irish comedy-drama film starring Maxine Peake, Edward MacLiam, Ruth McCabe and Will Forte. It is directed by Academy Award nominee Steph Green and produced by Tamara Anghie. "Run & Jump" is a romance film, a voyeuristic reveal of changing family dynamics and a story of physical and emotional recovery.

neg: The Boogeyman (2010 film) The Boogeyman is a short horror film directed by Gerard Lough and starring Simon Fogarty, Michael Parle and Joanne Cullen. It is based on the short story of the same name by Stephen King and was made using the "Dollar Baby" deal he set up in the '80s. It is the first Irish film to be based on a King story and would go on to attract extensive publicity and critical acclaim. The film centers around a troubled man named Andrew Billings who goes to see psychiatrist Dr. Harper to explain his theory that a "boogeyman" is responsible for the deaths of his three children.

neg: Paudge Behan Paudge Rodger Behan ( ; born January 1965) is an Irish actor and writer. The son of IRA Chief of Staff Cathal Goulding and Beatrice ffrench-Salkeld, the widow of playwright Brendan Behan, Paudge Behan worked briefly as a journalist for a Dublin newspaper before turning to acting. After a series of minor film and television roles in the 1990s, he was handpicked by English novelist Barbara Taylor Bradford to appear as the male lead in a 1999 dramatisation of her book "A Secret Affair" (1996).

neg: Gerald (film) Gerald is a 2010 American comedy-drama film written, produced and edited by Tim Gallagher, directed by Marc Clebanoff (director of "Break"), and stars Louis Mandylor and Mackenzie Firgens with Deborah Theaker and Mickey Rooney. The main character, Gerald, was inspired by "Forrest Gump", Seymour Krelborn of "Little Shop of Horrors" and Mr. Gallagher's personal experience with mentally challenged individuals.

neg: George Webster (actor) George Webster (born 28 July 1991) is an English actor who is best known for his lead as Milo in E4's British mini-series "Tripped" (2015), his supporting role as Arden in the critically acclaimed Irish independent film "My Name Is Emily" (2015) and Simon Mirren's French-Canadian period series, "Versailles" (2017). He has also directed two films: the short film "The Punisher: Dead of Night" (2012) and the British comedy "Further Ed" (2017).

neg: Damian O'Hare Damian O'Hare (born 13 August 1977) is a Northern Irish actor. He is best known for his role as Lt. Gillette in "" and "".

neg: This Is the Sea (film) This Is the Sea is an Irish film, released in 1997, directed and written by Mary McGuckian and produced by Michael Garland. It is a romance film, focusing on the relationship between the character Hazel Stokes, played by Samantha Morton, and Malachy McAliskey, played by Ross McDade. The two lovers live in Northern Ireland. Stokes is a Protestant, while McAliskey is Catholic. Their relationship is complicated by the spying of Stokes' brother Jef, played by Marc O'Shea, and by the attempts of Rohan, played by Gabriel Byrne, to recruit McAliskey into the Republican movement. The film also stars Richard Harris as Old Man Jacobs, an ally to the couple.

neg: Jonathan Forbes Jonathan Forbes (born 4th December 1976 in Dublin) is an Irish actor.

neg: Anthony Green (actor) Anthony Green (born 4 April 1970) is an English actor best known for playing Station Officer Mick Callaghan in the series finale of "London's Burning".

neg: Indigo Grey: The Passage Indigo Grey: The Passage is a 2015 American science fiction film directed by Sean Robinson and written and produced by Jason Oremus and Garrett Coleman. It features Aidan Lok, neo-Irish dance troupe Hammerstep, and has received international attention for its soundtrack composed by Amy Lee, Dave Eggar and Chuck Palmer.

neg: Joseph Gordon-Levitt Joseph Leonard Gordon-Levitt ( ; born February 17, 1981) is an American actor, filmmaker, singer and entrepreneur. As a child, he appeared in the films "A River Runs Through It", "Angels in the Outfield" and "10 Things I Hate About You", and as Tommy Solomon in the TV series "3rd Rock from the Sun". He took a break from acting to study at Columbia University, but dropped out in 2004 to pursue acting again. He has since starred in "(500) Days of Summer", "Inception", "Hesher", "50/50", "Premium Rush", "The Dark Knight Rises", "Brick", "Looper", "The Lookout", "Manic", "Lincoln", "Mysterious Skin" and "". He starred as Philippe Petit in the Robert Zemeckis-directed film "The Walk" (2015), and as Edward Snowden in the Oliver Stone film "Snowden" (2016). For his leading performances in "(500) Days of Summer" and "50/50", he was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy.

neg: Jack Reynor Jack Reynor (born January 23, 1992) is an American-born Irish actor. His notable roles include the lead in Lenny Abrahamson's film "What Richard Did" (2012), for which he won an IFTA Award for Best Film Actor; the blockbuster ""; "Glassland", for which he won the World Cinema Dramatic Special Jury Award for Acting at the Sundance Film Festival; "Macbeth"; and "Sing Street".

neg: Scott MacDonald (actor) Scott MacDonald (born September 29 1959) is an American actor. He is best known for his recurring roles as Captain Manning on short-lived series Threshold, Burley from HBO series "Carnivàle", and as from "", and as the title character from 1997 horror film "Jack Frost", and Officer Gerard of Dexter.

neg: Kissing Candice Kissing Candice is a 2017 Irish drama film directed by Aoife McArdle. It was screened in the Discovery section at the 2017 Toronto International Film Festival.

neg: Gareth Morrison Gareth Morrison (born 6 December 1981) is Scottish actor, screenwriter and film producer. Morrison appears primarily in horror, thriller and dramatic movies. He is known for his role as a student-demonstrator in TV series "Taggart" and for playing the sniper Potrovsky in a horror movie "".


query: Greek philosopher Aspasius would later be joined by medieval Christian scholars contributing to what massof literature?

pos: Aspasius Aspasius ( ; Greek: Ἀσπάσιος ; c. 80 – c. 150 AD) was a Peripatetic philosopher. Boethius, who frequently refers to his works, says that Aspasius wrote commentaries on most of the works of Aristotle. The following commentaries are expressly mentioned: on "De Interpretatione", the "Physica", "Metaphysica", "Categoriae", and the "Nicomachean Ethics". A portion of the commentary on the "Nicomachean Ethics" (books 1, 2, 4, 7, and 8) is extant. The Greek text of this commentary has been published as "Commentaria in Aristotelem Graeca" (CAG) vol. 19.1, and David Konstan has published an English translation. It is notable as the earliest extant commentary on any of Aristotle's works. From Porphyry, who also states that Aspasius wrote commentaries on Plato, we learn that his commentaries on Aristotle were used in the school of Plotinus.

pos: Commentaries on Aristotle Commentaries on Aristotle refers to the great mass of literature produced, especially in the ancient and medieval world, to explain and clarify the works of Aristotle. The pupils of Aristotle were the first to comment on his writings, a tradition which was continued by the Peripatetic school throughout the Hellenistic period and the Roman era. The Neoplatonists of the late Roman empire wrote many commentaries on Aristotle, attempting to incorporate him into their philosophy. Although Ancient Greek commentaries are considered the most useful, commentaries continued to be written by the Christian scholars of the Byzantine Empire and by the many Islamic philosophers and Western scholastics who had inherited his texts.

neg: Catharism Catharism ( ; from the Greek: καθαροί , "katharoi", "the pure [ones]") was a Christian dualist or Gnostic revival movement that thrived in some areas of Southern Europe, particularly northern Italy and southern France, between the 12th and 14th centuries. The followers were known as Cathars and are now mainly remembered for a prolonged period of persecution by the Catholic Church which did not recognise their belief as truly Christian. It appeared in Europe in the Languedoc region of France in the 11th century and this is when the name first appears. The adherents were also sometimes known as Albigensians after the city Albi in southern France where the movement first took hold. The beliefs are believed to have been brought from Persia or the Byzantine Empire.

neg: Dominic of Flanders Dominic of Flanders (Latin: Dominicus de Flandria , French: "Dominique de Flandre" ) (ca. 1425–1479) was a French-Flemish Dominican philosopher and Scholastic author, known to have been a renowned Thomist. His commentaries on Aristotle and on Thomas Aquinas were frequently printed, the most famous being his commentary on Aristotle’s "Metaphysics". This "Commentaria" is commonly known to have been dedicated to Lorenzo de’ Medici.

neg: Zeitschrift für Antikes Christentum The Zeitschrift für Antikes Christentum / Journal of Ancient Christianity is an academic journal published by Walter de Gruyter. It covers topics related to early Christianity and Patristics.

neg: Christian views on the classics Christian views on the classics have varied widely throughout history.

neg: Macrobius Macrobius, fully Macrobius Ambrosius Theodosius, also known as Theodosius, was a Roman provincial who lived during the early fifth century, at the transition of the Roman to the Byzantine Empire, and when Latin was as widespread as Greek among the elite. He is primarily known for his writings, which include the widely copied and read "Commentarii in Somnium Scipionis" ("Commentary on the Dream of Scipio"), which was one of the most important sources for Platonism in the Latin West during the Middle Ages, the "Saturnalia", a compendium of ancient Roman religious and antiquarian lore, and "De differentiis et societatibus graeci latinique verbi" ("On the Differences and Similarities of the Greek and Latin Verb"), which is now lost.

neg: Nicholas of Cusa Nicholas of Cusa (1401 – 11 August 1464), also referred to as Nicholas of Kues and Nicolaus Cusanus, was a German philosopher, theologian, jurist, and astronomer. One of the first German proponents of Renaissance humanism, he made spiritual and political contributions in European history. A notable example of this is his mystical or spiritual writings on "learned ignorance," as well as his participation in power struggles between Rome and the German states of the Holy Roman Empire.

neg: Thomas Aquinas Dictionary The Thomas Aquinas Dictionary is a collection of quotations by medieval philosopher and theologian Thomas Aquinas, indexed by keywords contained within the quotations. Most of the quotations are taken from the "Summa Theologica", with additional material from the "Summa contra Gentiles". The quotations are listed without additional commentary or explanatory notes, although the volume does contain an introduction to the work of Thomas Aquinas written by Theodore E. James. Scholarly reviews were critical of the work when it was published, particularly in terms of the selection and arrangement of material. The book does, however, still appear in bibliographies of reference material on Thomas Aquinas.

neg: Zacharias Calliergi Zacharias Calliergi (Greek: Ζαχαρίας Καλλιέργης , "Zakharias Kalliergēs") was a Greek Renaissance humanist and scholar. He was born in Crete but emigrated to Rome at a young age. In 1499 by helped to bring out the "Etymologicum Magnum" at Venice and in 1515 he set up a printing press where he published exclusively Greek volumes, among them the first Greek book printed in Rome, Pindar's "Epinikion" ("Victory Odes"). He also instituted the ("Gymnasium Caballini Montis") where lectures were given, by among others, eminent fellow Cretan scholar Marcus Musurus and Janus Lascaris.

neg: Historiography of early Christianity Historians have used a variety of sources and methods in exploring and describing the history of early Christianity, commonly known as Christianity before the First Council of Nicaea in 325.

neg: Apophthegmatum opus Apophthegmatum opus is a translation of Plutarch's "Apophthegmata" by Erasmus of Rotterdam, a collection of apophthegms from classical antiquity. Many classical apophthegms repeated ideas of Socrates, Plato, and Alexander the Great. According to Speroni, "Apophthegmatum opus" is one of "the most monumental collections of classical apophthegms… ever assembled…" Here are a few samples of Erasmus' apophthegms:

neg: Diogenianus Diogenianus (Greek: Διογενειανός, Διογενιανός ) was a Greek grammarian from Heraclea in Pontus (or in Caria) who flourished during the reign of Hadrian. He was the author of an alphabetical lexicon, chiefly of poetical words, abridged from the great lexicon (Περὶ γλωσσῶν ) of Pamphilus of Alexandria (AD 50) and other similar works. It was also known by the title Περιεργοπένητες (for the use of "industrious poor students"). It formed the basis of the lexicon, or rather glossary, of Hesychius of Alexandria, which is described in the preface as a new edition of the work of Diogenianus. We still possess a collection of proverbs under his name, probably an abridgment of the collection made by himself from his lexicon (ed. by Ernst von Leutsch and Friedrich Wilhelm Schneidewin in "Paroemiographi Graeci", i. 1839). Diogenianus was also the author of an Anthologion of epigrams about rivers, lakes, cliffs, mountains and mountaintops (Επιγραμμάτων ανθολόγιον περί ποταμών λιμνών κρηνών ορών ακρωρειών), and of a list (with map) of all the towns in the world.

neg: Theodotus of Byzantium Theodotus of Byzantium (Ancient Greek: Θεoδoτoς ; also known as Theodotus the Tanner, Theodotus the Shoemaker, and Theodotus the Fuller; flourished late 2nd century) was an early Christian writer from Byzantium, one of several named Theodotus whose writings were condemned as heresy in the early church.

neg: List of medieval Latin commentators on Aristotle This is a list of commentators on the works of Aristotle who wrote in Latin, from the Late Antique to the last years of the European Middle Ages. The names are given in their Latin forms.

neg: List of early Christian writers Various Early Christian writers wrote gospels and other books, some of which were canonized as the New Testament canon developed. The Apostolic Fathers were prominent writers who are traditionally understood to have met and learned from Jesus' personal disciples. The Church Fathers are later writers with no direct connection to the disciples (other than the claim to apostolic succession). Apologists defended Christianity against its critics, especially Greek and Roman philosophers. Dates given, if not otherwise specified, are of their writings or bishopric, not of their lives.

neg: Proclus Proclus Lycaeus ( ; 8 February 412 – 17 April 485 AD), called the Successor (Greek Πρόκλος ὁ Διάδοχος , "Próklos ho Diádokhos"), was a Greek Neoplatonist philosopher, one of the last major Classical philosophers (see Damascius). He set forth one of the most elaborate and fully developed systems of Neoplatonism. He stands near the end of the classical development of philosophy, and was very influential on Western medieval philosophy (Greek and Latin).

neg: Hisdosus Hisdosus (fl. c. 1100), also known as Hisdosus Scholasticus, was a writer and scholar who lived in the early 12th century. Nothing is known about his life. His first name is unknown, but he states that "I call myself Hisdosus, taken from the name of my father." A Latin commentary by him on Calcidius' translation of Plato's "Timaeus" survives in manuscript. He comments on the passage in the "Timaeus" (34b–36d) that deals with the World Soul. The commentary depends on the glosses by the French scholastic philosopher William of Conches on the "Timaeus", and it has been supposed that he may have been a pupil of William of Conches. The commentary of Hisdosus is probably most famous for being the only source (albeit in Latin paraphase) for Heraclitus' comparison of the soul to a spider and the body to the spider's web (DK 22B 67a).

neg: Plato Plato ( ; Greek: Πλάτων "Plátōn", ] in Classical Attic; 428/427 or 424/423 – 348/347 BC) was a philosopher in Classical Greece and the founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world. He is widely considered the most pivotal figure in the development of philosophy, especially the Western tradition. Unlike nearly all of his philosophical contemporaries, Plato's entire work is believed to have survived intact for over 2,400 years. Others believe that the oldest extant manuscript dates to around AD 895, 1100 years after Plato's death. This makes it difficult to know exactly what Plato wrote.

neg: Raphael Regius Raphael Regius (or Raffaele Regio) (c. 1440 – 1520) was a Venetian humanist, who was active first in Padua, where he made a reputation as one of the outstanding Classical scholars, then in Venice, where he moved in the periphery of an elite group composed of a handful of publicly sanctioned scholars, salaried lecturers employed by the Serenissima itself: on the fringes of this elite world also moved the scholar-printer Aldus Manutius (Lowry 1979). The most famous achievement of Regius is his demonstration that the "Rhetorica ad C. Herennium", or "Rhetorica secunda", was not written by Cicero, a milestone in the development of textual criticism. His bitter rivalry with other scholars and scorn for the ""semidocti"" reflect familiar competitive strains in the sometimes vituperative temper of Renaissance humanism.

neg: Catasterismi Catasterismi (Greek Καταστερισμοί "Katasterismoi", "placings among the stars") is an Alexandrian prose retelling of the mythic origins of stars and constellations, as they were interpreted in Hellenistic culture. The work survives in an epitome assembled at the end of the 1st century CE, based on a lost original with some possible relation to the work of Eratosthenes of Cyrene; thus the author is alluded to as Pseudo-Eratosthenes. The pseudepigraphic attribution to Eratosthenes presumably was meant to bolster the work's credibility, but while the "Catasterismi" describes constellations, it is more concerned with the mythological narrative attached to each than with the mathematical tradition of astronomy. Although there is no absolute distinction between astronomy and astrology in antiquity, intellectual circles in Alexandria during the 1st BCE began to distinguish between astrology for making predictions and astronomical observation for scientific conjecture.

neg: The Enneads The Enneads (Greek: Ἐννεάδες ), fully The Six Enneads, is the collection of writings of Plotinus, edited and compiled by his student Porphyry (270). Plotinus was a student of Ammonius Saccas and they were founders of Neoplatonism. His work, through Augustine of Hippo, the Cappadocian Fathers, Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite and several subsequent Christian and Muslim thinkers, has greatly influenced Western and Near-Eastern thought.


query: Sideshow Bob Roberts is the fifth episode in a season of The Simpsons that has how many episodes total?

pos: Sideshow Bob Roberts "Sideshow Bob Roberts" is the fifth episode of "The Simpsons"<nowiki>'</nowiki> sixth season. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on October 9, 1994. Kelsey Grammer returns as Sideshow Bob, who, in this episode, wins the Springfield mayoral election through electoral fraud. The episode was written by Bill Oakley and Josh Weinstein, and directed by Mark Kirkland. Oakley and Weinstein drew inspiration for the episode from the Watergate scandal, and included many cultural references to political films, as well as real-life events. These included the film "All the President's Men" and the first televised debate between Richard Nixon and John F. Kennedy during the 1960 United States presidential election.

pos: The Simpsons (season 6) "The Simpsons"' sixth season originally aired on the Fox network between September 4, 1994, and May 21, 1995, and consists of 25 episodes. "The Simpsons" is an animated series about a working class family, which consists of Homer, Marge, Bart, Lisa, and Maggie. The show is set in the fictional city of Springfield, and lampoons American culture, society, television and many aspects of the human condition.

neg: The Simpsons (season 4) "The Simpsons"' fourth season originally aired on the Fox network between September 24, 1992 and May 13, 1993, beginning with "Kamp Krusty". The showrunners for the fourth production season were Al Jean and Mike Reiss. The aired season contained two episodes which were hold-over episodes from season three, which Jean and Reiss also ran. Following the end of the production of the season, Jean, Reiss and most of the original writing staff left the show. The season was nominated for two Primetime Emmy Awards and Dan Castellaneta would win one for his performance as Homer in "Mr. Plow". The fourth season was released on DVD in Region 1 on June 15, 2004, Region 2 on August 2, 2004 and in Region 4 on August 25, 2004.

neg: Funeral for a Fiend "Funeral for a Fiend" is the eighth episode of "The Simpsons"<nowiki>'</nowiki> nineteenth season. It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on November 25, 2007. It was written by Michael Price and was directed by Rob Oliver. It features Kelsey Grammer in his tenth appearance as Sideshow Bob, as well as David Hyde Pierce in his second appearance as Cecil Terwilliger. John Mahoney makes his first appearance as Dr. Robert Terwilliger, Sr., the father of Bob and Cecil. Keith Olbermann also makes a guest appearance as himself.

neg: Marge's Son Poisoning "Marge's Son Poisoning" is the fifth episode of the seventeenth season of "The Simpsons". It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on November 13, 2005.

neg: Psych (season 5) The fifth season of Psych, consisting of 16 episodes, premiered on USA Network in the United States on July 14, 2010 and concluded on December 22, 2010. A DVD of the season was released on May 31, 2011. Production officially started in Vancouver, British Columbia on April 28, 2010. James Roday, Dulé Hill, Timothy Omundson, Maggie Lawson, Corbin Bernsen and Kirsten Nelson all reprised their roles as the main characters.

neg: Two Bad Neighbors "Two Bad Neighbors" is the thirteenth episode of "The Simpsons"<nowiki>'</nowiki> seventh season. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on January 14, 1996. In the episode, George H. W. Bush, the 41st President of the United States, voiced in the episode by Harry Shearer, moves into the house across the street from the Simpson family.

neg: Weekend at Burnsie's "Weekend at Burnsie's" is the sixteenth episode of "The Simpsons"' thirteenth season. It first aired in the United States on the Fox network on April 7, 2002. In the episode, Homer Simpson is prescribed medicinal marijuana after getting pecked in the eyes by a murder of crows. While his family and friends worry about the drug altering his personality, Homer becomes Mr. Burns's vice president after cracking up at Burns's antiquated jokes.

neg: Nip/Tuck (season 5) The fifth season of "Nip/Tuck" premiered on October 30, 2007 and concluded on March 3, 2009. The unusually lengthy interval, for an American series, was a direct result of the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike. The season consisted of 22 episodes.

neg: South Park (season 5) Season five of "South Park", an American animated television series created by Trey Parker and Matt Stone, began airing on June 20, 2001. The fifth season concluded after 14 episodes on December 12, 2001. The 14-episode season length would become a standard for later years of the series (up until the seventeenth season).

neg: Homie the Clown "Homie the Clown" is the fifteenth episode of "The Simpsons"<nowiki>'</nowiki> sixth season. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on February 12, 1995. In the episode, Homer becomes a Krusty the Clown impersonator, but is mistaken for the real Krusty by the Springfield Mafia. Joe Mantegna returned as Fat Tony, while Dick Cavett and Johnny Unitas guest starred as themselves.

neg: Marge Gets a Job "Marge Gets a Job" is the seventh episode of "The Simpsons"<nowiki>'</nowiki> fourth season. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on November 5, 1992. In this episode, Marge gets a job at the Springfield Nuclear Power Plant to pay for foundation repair at the Simpson house. Mr. Burns develops a crush on Marge after seeing her at work and attempts to woo her. A subplot with Bart also takes place, paralleling the fable "The Boy Who Cried Wolf". It was written by Bill Oakley and Josh Weinstein and directed by Jeffrey Lynch.

neg: Fringe (season 5) The fifth and final season of the American Fox science fiction television series "Fringe" premiered on September 28, 2012, and concluded on January 18, 2013. The series is produced by Bad Robot Productions in association with Warner Bros. Television. The show was officially renewed for a 13-episode fifth season on April 26, 2012. The fifth season was released on DVD and Blu-ray in region 1 on May 7, 2013.

neg: The Americans (season 5) The fifth season of the American television drama series "The Americans", comprising 13 episodes, aired on FX from March 7 to May 30, 2017.<ref name="5/6Renew"> </ref> The show moved to Tuesdays, having aired on Wednesdays for its first four seasons.

neg: Mad Men (season 5) The fifth season of the American television drama series "Mad Men" premiered on March 25, 2012, with a two-episode premiere, and concluded on June 10, 2012. It consisted of thirteen episodes, each running approximately 47 minutes in length. AMC broadcast the fifth season on Sundays at 10:00 pm in the United States. The fifth season was released on DVD and Blu-ray in region 1 on October 16, 2012.

neg: Margical History Tour "Margical History Tour" is the eleventh episode of "The Simpsons"<nowiki>'</nowiki> fifteenth season. It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on February 8, 2004. This is one of several Simpsons episodes that features mini-stories.

neg: My Fare Lady "My Fare Lady" is the fourteenth episode of the twenty-sixth season of the American animated sitcom "The Simpsons", and the 566th overall episode of the series. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on February 15, 2015.

neg: Community (season 5) The fifth season of the television comedy series "Community" premiered on January 2, 2014, and concluded on April 17, 2014. The season consists of 13 episodes and aired on NBC on Thursdays at 8:00 pm ET as part of the network's "Comedy Night Done Right". The season features the return of series creator Dan Harmon as showrunner, as well as the exit of cast members Donald Glover and Chevy Chase from the series. John Oliver returned as Ian Duncan after a two-year hiatus. Jonathan Banks made his introduction to the series as Buzz Hickey, a criminology professor.

neg: Scrubs (season 5) The fifth season of the American comedy television series "Scrubs" premiered on NBC on January 3, 2006 and concluded on May 16, 2006 and consists of 24 episodes. For the first twelve episodes, two new episodes were broadcast back-to-back every Tuesday at 9:00 p.m. ET. Then NBC returned to broadcasting one new episode every week (at 9:00 p.m. ET), followed by a rerun. For the first three weeks of this, the rerun episode was a cast favorite episode, with available audio commentary tracks on NBC's website to accompany the episodes. Guest stars in the fifth included Jason Bateman and Mandy Moore, as well the introduction of new recurring characters played by Elizabeth Banks and Travis Schuldt. This season was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series.

neg: Whacking Day "Whacking Day" is the twentieth episode of "The Simpsons"<nowiki>'</nowiki> fourth season. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on April 29, 1993. The episode revolves around the fictional holiday "Whacking Day", celebrated annually, in which the citizens of Springfield drive snakes into the town square, then club them to death.

neg: List of The Simpsons episodes "The Simpsons" is an American animated television sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company. It is a satirical depiction of a middle class American lifestyle epitomized by its eponymous family, which consists of Homer, Marge, Bart, Lisa, and Maggie. The show is set in the fictional town of Springfield, and lampoons American culture, society, and television, as well as many aspects of the human condition. The family was conceived by Groening shortly before a pitch for a series of animated shorts with producer James L. Brooks. Groening created a dysfunctional family and named the characters after members of his own family, substituting Bart for his own name. The shorts became a part of the Fox series "The Tracey Ullman Show" on April 19, 1987. After a three-season run, the sketch was developed into a half-hour prime-time show that was an early hit for Fox.

neg: Pokey Mom "Pokey Mom" is the tenth episode of the twelfth season of the American animated sitcom "The Simpsons". It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on January 14, 2001. In the episode, Marge befriends Jack Crowley, a convict who she believes has some artistic potential. With Marge's help, Jack is granted parole and finds a mural-painting job at Springfield Elementary School. Meanwhile, Homer suffers from a back injury and goes to see a chiropractor. Despite this his pain remains and it is not until he accidentally falls backwards onto a garbage can that his back injury disappears. Homer makes a successful business out of this injury-healing garbage can, much to the dismay of chiropractors in town.


query: Are both MOD Pizza and Zpizza franchises?

pos: MOD Pizza MOD Pizza is a fast casual pizza restaurant chain based in the United States. Founded in Seattle, Washington in 2008, MOD has more than 200 locations in the United States and United Kingdom. MOD is a company that is claimed by its owners to be "more about the people than the pizza" and to focus on paying living wages and providing employees with opportunities to give back to the community.

pos: Zpizza zpizza (originally called z pizza and commonly known as z) is a pizza franchise based in Newport Beach, California.

neg: Home Run Inn Home Run Inn is a restaurant chain known for their Chicago-style pizza as well as frozen pizzas. Home Run Inn is headquartered in Woodridge, Illinois of the United States.

neg: Pizza Tycoon Pizza Tycoon (known as Pizza Connection in Europe) is a business simulation video game. The game was designed by the German company Cybernetic Corporation and Software 2000 in 1994, published by Assemble Entertainment after its re-release in 2017. It was published and adapted for the American market by MicroProse with changed artwork and locations.

neg: Stefano Callegari Stefano Callegari (Born December 25, 1968) is an Italian chef and the inventor of the Trapizzino, a popular street food. Before inventing the Trapizzino, Stefano worked as a flight attendant for 15 years before returning to Rome to pursue his passion for pizza.

neg: Lazzaroni Lazzaroni (] ) is the brand name related to several biscuits and bakery products manufactured by the Italian company D. Lazzaroni & C. Spa.

neg: Bob Payton Robert Michael Payton (25 May 1944 13 July 1994) was an American marketing man, restaurateur and hotelier. He is known for starting a chain of American-style restaurants in London in the 1970s, starting with The Chicago Pizza Pie Factory.

neg: Don Meij Donald Jeffrey Meij (born December 27, 1968) is an Australian business entrepreneur and the Group Chief Executive Officer and Managing Director of Domino's Pizza Enterprises (Domino's). Meij has been in the pizza industry since 1987, commencing his career as a delivery driver for Silvio's Dial-a-Pizza in Brisbane's north east suburb, Redcliffe.

neg: Pizza Pizza is a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven. It is commonly topped with a selection of meats, vegetables and condiments.

neg: Cheese Board Collective The Cheese Board Collective in Berkeley, California, comprises two worker owned and operated businesses: a cheese shop/bakery commonly referred to as "The Cheese Board", and a pizzeria known as "Cheese Board Pizza". Along with Peet's Coffee, the Cheese Board is known for its role in starting the North Shattuck neighborhood of Berkeley on its way to becoming famous as a culinary destination: the "Gourmet Ghetto". The Cheese Board brought a European focus on cheeses but also emphasized locally grown cheeses, a novel concept in the 1970s. The Cheese Board was closely connected with the restaurant Chez Panisse, helping to supply ingredients for the birth of California cuisine. The bakery brought the French baguette into vogue for Berkeley consumers, and helped spark a revolution in artisan bread.

neg: Pizza rolls Pizza Rolls is a frozen food product created by food industry entrepreneur Jeno Paulucci, who specialized in frozen Chinese food, in 1951. After Jeno's sold the brand in 1985, it was acquired by Totino's, with other producers including Amy's also selling pizza rolls.

neg: Rocket Fizz Rocket Fizz is a franchise chain of candy stores in the United States. The company markets a diverse variety of candies and produces its own line of soft drinks with unique flavors. Its flagship store is located in Camarillo, California, and most of the company's franchise stores are located in California. The company also markets candies that are rare to find or in limited production by various manufacturers, such as those that were popular during the 1960s to 1980s. As of September 2017, there are 86 Rocket Fizz store locations in the United States.

neg: Zuccotto Zuccotto (] ) is an Italian dessert with origins in Florence. Zuccotto is a semi-frozen, chilled dessert made with brandy, cake and ice cream. It can be frozen, then thawed before serving. This dessert is traditionally made in a special pumpkin-shaped mold ("zuccotto" means "little pumpkin" in Italian). It is widely believed to have been inspired by the dome of Florence's duomo (the city's main cathedral). Others allude to its shape as closely resembling a cardinal's skullcap or zucchetto.

neg: Papa's Tomato Pies Papa's Tomato Pies is a historic pizzeria selling tomato pies in New Jersey. It was founded by Giuseppe "Joe" Papa in 1912 on South Clinton Avenue in Trenton, New Jersey. Papa's is the oldest family owned and longest continuously operating pizzeria in the United States. Papa's is the second oldest pizzeria in the United States after Lombardi's Pizza, however Lombardi's closed for a decade from 1984 to 1994 and was reopened under new management.

neg: Fat Pizza Fat Pizza is an Australian film, based upon the stories and characters of the "Pizza" television series, created by Paul Fenech. It was released by Village Roadshow Pictures and made $7,888,102 at the Australian box office (as of May 2003).

neg: La Pie qui Chante La Pie qui Chante ("English: The Singing Magpie"), is a French brand of confectionery, presently owned by Cadbury.

neg: Toppers Pizza (American restaurant) Toppers Pizza is a chain of pizzerias in the United States. The chain was founded by Scott Gittrich in 1991 in Champaign, Illinois, but the original location closed in the mid-1990s. The first Toppers Pizza location in Wisconsin opened in Whitewater in 1993. The company is headquartered in Whitewater, Wisconsin. The first official franchise store opened in Eau Claire, WI in 1997.

neg: Cassano's Pizza King Cassano's Pizza King, currently operating under the brand Cassano's, is a pizzeria chain based in Kettering, Ohio, a suburb of Dayton. Established on June 4, 1953, by the Kettering grocer Victor "Vic" J. Cassano, Sr. (June 4, 1922 – January 1, 2002) and his mother-in-law Caroline "Mom" Donisi, the company currently (2005) operates 34 Cassano's Pizza King restaurants in the Dayton area, and has three other western Ohio franchises (in Russells Point, Fairfield and Sidney), plus a franchise in Quincy, Illinois, and another in Hannibal, Missouri. The company also operates dozens of Cassano's Pizza Express kiosks in gas stations, convenience stores and hotels, and sells frozen pizza dough under the name Cassano's Fresh Frozen Dough Company.

neg: Nocciolini di Canzo Nocciolini di Canzo ( ) (Lombard: Nisciolitt da Cânz [niʃu'lĭt da'ka:nʦ]) are sweet crumbly small cookies from Canzo, in northern Italy. They are recognized as a PAT of Lombardy by the Italian Ministry of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Policies.

neg: Muzz Muzz is the stage name of Michel Adam Jarmuz. Muzz is one of the former owners of AMJ Concerts in Arizona, and was the first manager of the band The Format as well as their tour manager and lighting tech.

neg: Frostop Frostop is the name of an American root beer brand and chain of fast food drive-in restaurants. The restaurants are known for their rotating oversized root beer mugs used as outdoor signage.

neg: Pizza party A pizza party is a social gathering at which pizza is served. It is also a recognized political designation in the United States state of Massachusetts, in which case each word begins with a capital letter (Pizza Party).


query: Imperial Ballroom was a 1982 album released by the singer born whom?

pos: Imperial Bedroom Imperial Bedroom is a 1982 album by Elvis Costello and the Attractions. It was the second Costello album, after "Almost Blue", not produced by Nick Lowe. Production duties were handled by Beatles engineer Geoff Emerick. "I wanted to try a few things in the studio that I suspected would quickly exhaust Nick's patience," as Costello put it in the liner notes to the 1994 Rykodisc reissue.

pos: Elvis Costello Declan Patrick MacManus (born 25 August 1954), better known by his stage name Elvis Costello, is an English musician, singer-songwriter, and record producer. He began his career as part of London's pub rock scene in the early 1970s and later became associated with the first wave of the British punk and new wave movement that emerged in the mid-to-late 1970s. His critically acclaimed debut album, "My Aim Is True", was released in 1977. Shortly after recording it, he formed the Attractions as his backing band. His second album, "This Year's Model", was released in 1978, and was ranked number 11 by "Rolling Stone" on its list of the best albums from 1967–1987. His third album, "Armed Forces", was released in 1979, and features his highest-charting single "Oliver's Army" (number 2 in the UK). His first three albums all appeared on "Rolling Stone"' s list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time.

neg: Lory Bianco Lory Bianco (born August 19, 1963) is an Italian-American singer and actress from the United States also working under the name Bonnie Bianco. She may be best known for her role of "Cindy" in the 1983 film–mini TV series "Cinderella 80" (also known as "Cinderella ´87" or "Cindy").

neg: Dave Berry (musician) Dave Berry (born David Holgate Grundy, 6 February 1941 in Woodhouse, Sheffield) is an English pop singer and former teen idol of the 1960s.

neg: Sarah McLellan Sarah Elizabeth McLellan (born 22 November 1982 in Bundaberg, Queensland) is an Australian dancer, singer and actress.

neg: John Paul Young John Paul Young, OAM (born 21 June 1950) is a Scottish-born Australian pop singer who had a 1978 worldwide hit with "Love Is in the Air". His career was boosted by regular appearances as a performer and guest host on national broadcaster, ABC's 1974–1987 TV series, "Countdown".

neg: Garry Mills Garry Mills (also Gary Mills) (born 13 October 1941 in West Wickham, Kent, England), was a British pop singer.

neg: Bette McLaurin Bette McLaurin (born c.1929) is an African-American singer best known for her jazz-influenced ballad and R&B performances in the 1950s. Two of her recordings, "I May Hate Myself In The Morning" (1952) and "Only A Rose" (1953) reached the "Billboard" pop charts.

neg: Sheila Armstrong (singer) Dr. Sheila Armstrong (born 13 August 1942) is an English soprano, equally noted for opera, oratorio, symphonic music and lieder.

neg: Tina Britt Tina Britt (born Tina Brittingham, 1938) is an American R&B singer who had two hits on the "Billboard" R&B chart in the 1960s.

neg: Eddie Money Edward Joseph Mahoney (born March 21, 1949), known professionally as Eddie Money, is an American singer, songwriter and multi-instrumentalist who had success in the 1970s and 1980s with a string of Top 40 hits and platinum albums.

neg: Marion Montgomery Marion Montgomery (November 17, 1934 – July 22, 2002) was an American jazz singer who lived in the United Kingdom.

neg: Adrian Baker Adrian Baker (born 18 January 1951, London) is an English singer, songwriter, and record producer.

neg: Lola Ponce Paola Fabiana Ponce (] ; born June 25, 1982), professionally known as Lola Ponce, is an Argentine singer–songwriter, composer, actress and occasional model.

neg: Anita O'Day Anita O'Day (born Anita Belle Colton; October 18, 1919 – November 23, 2006) was an American jazz singer widely admired for her sense of rhythm and dynamics, and her early big band appearances that shattered the traditional image of the "girl singer". Refusing to pander to any female stereotype, O'Day presented herself as a "hip" jazz musician, wearing a band jacket and skirt as opposed to an evening gown. She changed her surname from Colton to O'Day, pig Latin for "dough", slang for money.

neg: Gwen Guthrie Gwendolyn "Gwen" Guthrie (July 9, 1950 – February 3, 1999) was an American singer-songwriter and pianist, who also sang backing vocals for Aretha Franklin, Billy Joel, Stevie Wonder, Peter Tosh, and Madonna, among others, and who wrote songs made famous by Ben E. King, Angela Bofill and Roberta Flack.

neg: Ilanit Hanna Dresner-Tzakh (Hebrew: חנה דרזנר  ; born September 17, 1947), better known by her stage name Ilanit, is a female Israeli singer who became one of the most popular singers in Israel during the late 1960s to the 1980s, both as a soloist and in the duo Ilan & Ilanit. Ilanit also represented Israel twice in the Eurovision Song Contest. In a career spanning over 4 decades, Ilanit recorded and produced over 600 songs and more than 30 best-selling albums.

neg: Fiorella Mannoia Fiorella Mannoia (] ; born 4 April 1954) is an Italian singer.

neg: Candy Johnson Candy Johnson (February 8, 1944 – October 20, 2012) was an American singer and dancer who appeared in several films in the 1960s.

neg: Kate Ceberano Catherine "Kate" Ceberano {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} ( , born 17 November 1966) is an Australian singer. She achieved success in the soul, jazz and pop genres, as well as in her brief forays into musicals—with "Jesus Christ Superstar"—and film. She has also achieved success as a songwriter, with the hit "Pash" receiving a gold sales certification in 1998.

neg: Tonya Mitchell Tonya Jean Mitchell (born August 21, 1982) is an American former pop singer.

neg: Madeline Eastman Madeline Louise Eastman (born June 27, 1954), is an American jazz singer.


query: What are both Challah and Kulich?

pos: Kulich Kulich (Russian: кули́ч ; ] , from Greek κόλλιξ - "kollix", and ultimately Hebrew: חלה  meaning a roll or loaf of bread) is a kind of Easter bread that is traditional in the Orthodox Christian faith and is eaten in countries like Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Bulgaria, Romania, Georgia, Macedonia, Moldova and Serbia.

pos: Challah Challah ( , ; Hebrew: חַלָּה  "Halla" ] ), plural: challot or challos ) is a special Jewish bread, usually braided and typically eaten on ceremonial occasions such as Sabbath and major Jewish holidays (other than Passover). Ritually-acceptable challah is made of dough from which a small portion has been set aside as an offering. The recipe was borrowed by Ashkenazim from the traditional Eastern European braided breads known as kalach, kalács, kolach, or colac.

neg: Chazal Chazal or Ḥazal (Hebrew: חז"ל ), an acronym for the Hebrew "Ḥakhameinu Zikhram Liv'rakha" (, "Our Sages, may their memory be blessed"), refers to all Jewish sages of the Mishna, Tosefta and Talmud eras, spanning from the times of the final 300 years of the Second Temple of Jerusalem until the 6th century CE, or c. 250 BCE – c. 625 CE.

neg: Vellahn Vellahn is a municipality in the Ludwigslust-Parchim district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.

neg: Chalmeh, Yazd Chalmeh (Persian: چالمه  , also Romanized as Chālmeh) is a village in Chahak Rural District, in the Central District of Khatam County, Yazd Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 84, in 20 families.

neg: Chalat Chalat (Persian: چلت  , also Romanized as Chelat; also known as Kalt) is a village in Qilab Rural District, Alvar-e Garmsiri District, Andimeshk County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 65, in 14 families.

neg: Kelch Kelch (from the Flemish for "chalice") may refer to:

neg: Kulegh Kulegh (Persian: كولغ  ) may refer to:

neg: Chahar Kulan Chahar Kulan (Persian: چهاركولان  , also Romanized as Chahār Kūlān) is a village in Jastun Shah Rural District, Hati District, Lali County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 121, in 24 families.

neg: Liyeh Chak, Pir Kuh Liyeh Chak (Persian: ليه چاك  , also Romanized as Līyeh Chāk) is a village in Pir Kuh Rural District, Deylaman District, Siahkal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 51, in 11 families.

neg: Kallahti Kallahti (Finnish), Kallvik (Swedish) is an eastern neighborhood of Helsinki, Finland.

neg: Kumzits Kumzits (קומזיץ) is a compound-word in Hebrew derived from the Yiddish words קום (come) and זיץ (sit). The word is used to describe an evening gathering that Jews partake in. Everyone sits together, be it on the floor or on chairs, and sings spiritually moving songs. In order to establish a certain ambiance the lighting is often low and candles are primarily used, or if taking place outdoors it is usually around a campfire. If it is not the Jewish Sabbath then there will usually be musical instruments, such as guitar or violin. An orator will usually tell short inspirational folk-stories between songs. Originally the word was coined by the Biluim. Despite the opposition of some who preferred to use the more distinctly Hebrew שב-נא "Shev-na" "please sit" or Persian/Arabic טוזיג "Tozig" (via the Talmud), the word has since stuck and is used mainly by the religious but sometimes also the secular public.

neg: Kreplach Kreplach (from Yiddish: קרעפּלעך and Hebrew: קרפלך  ) are small dumplings filled with ground meat, mashed potatoes or another filling, usually boiled and served in chicken soup, though they may also be served fried. They are similar to Polish uszka, Russian pelmeni, Italian ravioli or tortellini, and Chinese wontons. The dough is traditionally made of flour, water and eggs, kneaded and rolled out thin. Some modern-day cooks use frozen dough sheets or wonton wrappers. Ready-made Kreplach are also sold in the kosher freezer section of supermarkets.

neg: Chavurah A chavurah or havurah (חבורה Hebrew: "fellowship", plural "chavurot") is a small group of like-minded Jews who assemble for the purposes of facilitating Shabbat and holiday prayer services, sharing communal experiences such as lifecycle events, or Jewish learning. "Chavurot" usually provide autonomous alternatives to established Jewish institutions and Jewish denominations. Most chavurot place an emphasis on egalitarianism in the broad sense (of which gender egalitarianism is one piece), depending on participation by the entire community rather than top-down direction by clergy.

neg: Chaluki Chaluki (Persian: چلوكي  , also Romanized as Chalūkī) is a village in Dust Mohammad Rural District, in the Central District of Hirmand County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 119, in 21 families.

neg: Kuku (food) Kuku also spelled as kookoo (Persian: کوکو  , Azerbaijani: "kükü" ) is an egg-based Iranian dish. It is frequently a vegetarian dish, made with whipped eggs which then are folded in with various ingredients. It is similar to the Italian dish frittata or an open-faced omelette. Kuku typically has less egg than a frittata, and it cooks for a shorter amount of time, over a low heat, before turned over or grilled briefly to set the top layer.

neg: Kallah Sakan, Chabahar Kallah Sakan (Persian: كله سكان  , also Romanized as Kallah Sakān, Kalleh Sakan, and Kalleh Sakān; also known as Kalīsagān, Kalsakān, and Kelīsgān) is a village in Pir Sohrab Rural District, in the Central District of Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 615, in 108 families.

neg: Chavar Kalayeh Chavar Kalayeh (Persian: چوركلايه  ) may refer to:

neg: Chalak Chalak or Chelak (Persian: چلك  ) may refer to:

neg: Kulaneh Kulaneh (Persian: كولانه  , also Romanized as Kūlāneh; also known as Kolūneh) is a village in Kuhestani-ye Talesh Rural District, in the Central District of Talesh County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 59, in 15 families.

neg: Kuchen (disambiguation) Kuchen is the German word for cake and is used in other languages as the name for several different types of sweet desserts, pastries, and gateaux.

neg: Chac Chel Chac Chel is a powerful ancient Maya goddess of creation, destruction, childbirth, water, weaving and spinning, healing, and divining. She is half of the original Creator Couple, seen most often as the wife of Chaac, who is the pre-eminent god of lightning and rain, although she is occasionally paired with the Creator God Itzamna in the Popol Vuh, the highland Maya bible. This highlights her importance, as dualities such as male/female and husband/wife were extremely important to the Maya, and one cannot function without the other. Chac Chel is also called Goddess O by many Mayanists and she is the aged, grandmotherly counterpart to the young goddess of childbirth and weaving, Ix Chel (also known as Goddess I and Ixik Kab). Most popular in the Late Classic and Postclassic Periods, she is most often depicted in scenes in the Dresden Codex and Madrid Codex. Depictions of her, and burial goods related to her, have also been found in Chichen Itza, the Balankanche Cave near Chichen Itza, Tulum, The Margarita Tomb in Copan, and in Yaxchilan.


query: "Frühlingsstimmen" was written by a composer known by what nickname?

pos: Frühlingsstimmen "Frühlingsstimmen ", Op. 410 ("Spring's Voices," or commonly "Voices of Spring") is an orchestral waltz, with optional solo soprano voice, written in 1882 by Johann Strauss II.

pos: Johann Strauss II Johann Strauss II (October 25, 1825 – June 3, 1899), also known as Johann Strauss Jr., the Younger, the Son (German: "Sohn" ), Johann Baptist Strauss, was an Austrian composer of light music, particularly dance music and operettas. He composed over 500 waltzes, polkas, quadrilles, and other types of dance music, as well as several operettas and a ballet. In his lifetime, he was known as "The Waltz King", and was largely then responsible for the popularity of the waltz in Vienna during the 19th century.

neg: Eduard Franck Eduard Franck (5 October 1817 – 1 December 1893) was a German composer, pianist and music pedagogue.

neg: Eugen Haile Eugen Haile (February 21, 1873 – August 14, 1933) was a German-American composer, singer, and accompanist, primarily known for his songs. In his lifetime, it was claimed that he was one of the "truly inspired melodists, a lineal descendent of the great lyricists, Schubert, Schumann, Franz and Brahms."

neg: Heinz Kiessling Heinz Kiessling (March 11, 1926 – December 27, 2003) was a German musician, conductor, composer and music producer, known mainly from his work for popular films and television programs.

neg: Emil Reesen Emil Reesen (30 May 1887 – 27 March 1964) was a Danish composer, conductor and pianist. Aside from composing for ballets and operas he was also a noted film score composer. He is remembered mainly for his operetta "Farinelli" (1942), which is still popular today.

neg: Giambattista Varesco Father Giambattista Varesco (26 November 1735 – 25 August 1805) was a chaplain, musician, poet and (most famously) librettist to Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. His given name variously appears as Giambattista, Gianbattista, Giovanni Battista and Girolamo Giovanni Battista. He is sometimes referred to with the Italian title "Abate" or the French "Abbé", both used for priests:

neg: Richard Wagner Wilhelm Richard Wagner ( ; ] ; 22 May 181313 February 1883) was a German composer, theatre director, polemicist, and conductor who is primarily known for his operas (or, as some of his later works were later known, "music dramas"). Unlike most opera composers, Wagner wrote both the libretto and the music for each of his stage works. Initially establishing his reputation as a composer of works in the romantic vein of Weber and Meyerbeer, Wagner revolutionised opera through his concept of the "Gesamtkunstwerk" ("total work of art"), by which he sought to synthesise the poetic, visual, musical and dramatic arts, with music subsidiary to drama. He described this vision in a series of essays published between 1849 and 1852. Wagner realised these ideas most fully in the first half of the four-opera cycle "Der Ring des Nibelungen" ("The Ring of the Nibelung").

neg: Rudolf Friml Charles Rudolf Friml (December 7, 1879 – November 12, 1972) was a Czech-born composer of operettas, musicals, songs and piano pieces, as well as a pianist. After musical training and a brief performing career in his native Prague, Friml moved to the United States, where he became a composer. His best-known works are "Rose-Marie" and "The Vagabond King", each of which enjoyed success on Broadway and in London and were adapted for film.

neg: Hugo Kaun Hugo Wilhelm Ludwig Kaun (March 21, 1863 – April 2, 1932) was a German composer, conductor, and music teacher.

neg: Otto Luening Otto Clarence Luening (June 15, 1900 – September 2, 1996) was a German-American composer and conductor, and an early pioneer of tape music and electronic music.

neg: Charles-Valentin Alkan Charles-Valentin Alkan (] ; 30 November 1813 – 29 March 1888) was a French-Jewish composer and virtuoso pianist. At the height of his fame in the 1830s and 1840s he was, alongside his friends and colleagues Frédéric Chopin and Franz Liszt, among the leading pianists in Paris, a city in which he spent virtually his entire life.

neg: Carl Bohm Carl Bohm (also known as Carl Bohm, Henry Cooper [pseudonym] and Karl Bohm) (11 September 1844 – 4 April 1920) was a German pianist and composer.

neg: Flemming Weis Flemming Weis (15 April 1898 – 30 September 1981) was a Danish composer.

neg: Johann Friedrich Gräfe Johann Friedrich Gräfe (May 7, 1711-February 5 or 8, 1787) was a civil servant and an amateur composer, whose works are still known today.

neg: Hermann Raupach Hermann Friedrich Raupach (December 21, 1728 – December 12, 1778) was an 18th-century German composer.

neg: Johann Balthasar Christian Freißlich Johann Balthasar Christian Freislich (also Freißlich, Fraißlich, baptised 30 March 1687 - 17 April 1764) was a German composer and organist.

neg: Hans Heinz Stuckenschmidt Hans Heinz Stuckenschmidt (1 November 1901 – 15 August 1988) was a German composer, musicologist, and historian and critic of music.

neg: Louis Gurlitt Heinrich Louis Theodor Gurlitt (8 March 1812 – 19 November 1897), also called Louis Gurlitt, was a Danish-German painter of landscapes. His brother was the composer Cornelius Gurlitt, and his son was the architect and art historian also called Cornelius Gurlitt.

neg: Joachim Raff Joseph Joachim Raff (27 May 182224 or 25 June 1882) was a German-Swiss composer, teacher and pianist.

neg: Johann Strauss I Johann Strauss I (German: "Johann Baptist Strauß, Johann Strauss (Vater)" ; also Johann Baptist Strauss, Johann Strauss Sr., the Elder, the Father; March 14, 1804 – September 25, 1849) was an Austrian Romantic composer. He was famous for his waltzes, and he popularized them alongside Joseph Lanner, thereby setting the foundations for his sons to carry on his musical dynasty. His most famous piece is the Radetzky March (named after Joseph Radetzky von Radetz).

neg: Georg Matthias Monn Georg Matthias Monn (born "Johann Georg Mann" April 9, 1717, Vienna – October 3, 1750, Vienna) was an Austrian composer, organist and music teacher whose works were fashioned in the transition from the Baroque to Classical period in music.