query: Which of the 1900 public parks in New York is the Grey Art Gallery located in?

pos: Grey Art Gallery The Grey Art Gallery is New York University’s fine art museum, located on historic Washington Square Park, in New York City’s Greenwich Village. As a university art museum, the Grey Art Gallery functions to collect, preserve, study, document, interpret, and exhibit the evidence of human culture. While these goals are common to all museums, the Grey distinguishes itself by emphasizing art’s historical, cultural, and social contexts, with experimentation and interpretation as integral parts of programmatic planning. Thus, in addition to being a place to view the objects of material culture, the Gallery serves as a museum-laboratory in which a broader view of an object’s environment enriches our understanding of its contribution to civilization.

pos: Washington Square Park Washington Square Park is a 9.75 acre public park in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Lower Manhattan, New York City. One of the best known of New York City's 1,900 public parks, it is a landmark as well as a meeting place and center for cultural activity. It is operated by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation.

neg: Lawrence Park Historic District Lawrence Park Historic District is a national historic district located at Bronxville, Westchester County, New York. The district contains 94 contributing buildings, the majority of which are architecturally or historically significant. Developed in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century on twenty acres of land closely associated with the historical evolution of the surrounding community, the area attracted as residents many prominent artists and writers of the period. The Park structures were built on a wooded hillside, along winding roads. While in close proximity to one another, they achieve a feeling of seclusion and privacy. Few of the houses have had major alterations, and today Lawrence Park retains much of its original character.

neg: Garfield Park (Chicago) Garfield Park is a 184 acre urban park located in the East Garfield Park neighborhood on Chicago's West Side. It was designed as a pleasure ground by William LeBaron Jenney and is the oldest of the three great original Chicago West Side parks (Humboldt Park, Garfield, and Douglas Park). It is home to the Garfield Park Conservatory, one of the largest conservatories in the United States.

neg: Delacorte Theater The Delacorte Theater is a 1,800-seat open-air theater located in Central Park, in the borough of Manhattan in New York City. It is home to the Public Theater's free Shakespeare in the Park productions.

neg: Urban park An urban park or metropolitan park, also known as a municipal park (North America) or a public park, public open space, or municipal gardens (UK), is a park in cities and other incorporated places to offer recreation and green space to residents of, and visitors to, the municipality. The design, operation and maintenance is usually done by government, typically on the local level, but may occasionally be contracted out to a private sector company.

neg: John Jay Park John Jay Park is a 3.3 acre park in the New York City borough of Manhattan. It is located between East 76th and 78th Streets, and between the FDR Drive and a short street called Cherokee Place, on Manhattan's Upper East Side. The park is named for statesman and New York Governor John Jay.

neg: Eisenhower Park Eisenhower Park, formerly known as Salisbury Park, is centrally located in East Meadow, New York bordered by Hempstead Turnpike on the south and Old Country Road on the north. At 930 acre , it is larger than Central Park (in Manhattan, New York City), with much of the area devoted to three 18-hole golf courses, including the Red Course, host to the annual Commerce Bank Championship (Champions Tour). The park is home to the September 11th Memorial for residents of Nassau County.

neg: Franklin D. Roosevelt State Park Franklin D. Roosevelt State Park is a 960 acre state park in Westchester County, New York. Formerly known as Mohansic Park and Mohansic State Park, it is situated in Yorktown, approximately 40 mi from New York City. The park was created in 1922 on the former site of the Mohansic State Hospital.

neg: Brooklyn Botanic Garden Brooklyn Botanic Garden (BBG) is a botanical garden in the borough of Brooklyn in New York City. Founded in 1910, and located in the Prospect Park neighborhood, the 52 acre garden includes a number of specialty "gardens within the Garden", plant collections and the Steinhardt Conservatory, which houses the C. V. Starr Bonsai Museum, three climate-themed plant pavilions, a white cast-iron and glass aquatic plant house, and an art gallery. The Garden holds over 14,000 taxa of plants and each year has over 900,000 visitors.

neg: Sterling Forest State Park Sterling Forest State Park is a 19132 acre state park located in the Ramapo Mountains in Orange County, New York. Established in 1998, it is among the larger additions to the New York state park system in the last 50 years.

neg: List of privately owned public spaces in New York City List of privately owned public spaces in New York City

neg: Prospect Park (Troy, New York) Prospect Park in Troy, New York, is an 80 acre city park that was designed in 1903 by Garnet Baltimore, the first African-American graduate of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI).

neg: Staten Island Greenbelt The Staten Island Greenbelt is a system of contiguous public parkland and natural areas in the central hills of the New York City borough of Staten Island. It is the second largest component of the parks owned by the New York City government and is maintained by the city's Department of Parks and Recreation and the Greenbelt Conservancy, a not-for-profit organization that works in partnership with NYC Parks to care for the Greenbelt and raise funds for its maintenance and programs.

neg: Tuileries Garden The Tuileries Garden (French: "Jardin des Tuileries" , ] ) is a public garden located between the Louvre Museum and the Place de la Concorde in the 1st arrondissement of Paris. Created by Catherine de' Medici as the garden of the Tuileries Palace in 1564, it was eventually opened to the public in 1667 and became a public park after the French Revolution. In the 19th and 20th centuries, it was a place where Parisians celebrated, met, strolled, and relaxed.

neg: Baisley Pond Park Baisley Pond Park is a public park located in the southeastern part of the Borough of Queens in New York City, bordering the neighborhoods of South Jamaica, Rochdale, and St. Albans. It contains 109.61 acres including the 30 acres of Baisley Pond in the center of the park. It is maintained by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation.

neg: New Garden, Potsdam The New Garden (German: "Neuer Garten" ) in Potsdam is a park of 102.5 hectares located southwest of Berlin, Germany, in northern Potsdam and bordering on the lakes Heiliger See and Jungfernsee. Starting in 1787, Frederick William II of Prussia (1744-1797) arranged to have a new garden laid out on this site, and it came to be known by this rather prosaic name. The New Garden is one of the ensembles comprising the UNESCO World Heritage Site "Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin," a status awarded in 1990.

neg: Park House (New York City) The Park House (also known as The Park House Condominium) is a cooperative apartment building located in The Plaza District at 135 West 58th Street between Sixth and Seventh Avenues in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. It was built in 1911 and is considered to be one of the most elegant Beaux Arts apartment houses in Manhattan.

neg: The Maryland Zoo in Baltimore "The Maryland Zoo" — also known as "The Maryland Zoo in Baltimore" and formerly known as "The Baltimore City Zoo" or the "Baltimore Zoo" — is a 135-acre park located in historic Druid Hill Park in the northwestern area of the City of Baltimore, Maryland, (U.S.A.), with the postal address of 1876 Mansion House Drive. Druid Hill was opened in 1860 as the first major park purchase by the City under foreseeing Mayor Thomas Swann (1809-1883), (and later Governor of Maryland) and was later designed by famed nationally-known landscaper Frederick Law Olmsted (1822-1903) , with additional work on various park buildings contributed by future Baltimore City Hall architect George A. Frederick (1842-1924), and Park Commissioner John H.B. Latrobe (son of earlier famed British-American architect Benjamin Henry Latrobe [1764-1820]), who also was an accomplished lawyer, author, artist, amateur architect and civic leader. Olmsted had earlier won a contest for the design of plans for New York City's famed Central Park in mid-town Manhattan in 1858, a year after it opened, and worked on the massive public works project during its construction from 1858 to 1873. The Maryland Zoo is now currently home to over 2,000 animals, and is accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA).

neg: Stanley Park, Liverpool Stanley Park is a 110 acre park in Liverpool, England, designed by Edward Kemp, which was opened on 14 May 1870 by the Mayor of Liverpool, Joseph Hubback. It is significant among Liverpool's parks on account of its layout and architecture. It has a grand terrace with expansive bedding schemes that were once highlighted by fountains. It includes the 1899 Gladstone Conservatory (recently restored and renamed the Isla Gladstone Conservatory), a Grade II listed building built by Mackenzie & Moncur of Edinburgh. 50–60% of the land consisted of open turfed areas, suitable for sport, with most of the rest being laid out as formal gardens and lakes. Kemp designed a horse-riding track ('Rotten Row'), though it did not catch on and was restyled as a cycle track around 1907.

neg: New York Botanical Garden The New York Botanical Garden (NYBG) is a botanical garden and National Historic Landmark located in the Bronx, New York City. The 250 acre site's verdant landscape supports over one million living plants in extensive collections. Each year over one million visitors visit the garden's remarkable diversity of tropical, temperate, and desert flora, as well as programming that ranges from exhibitions in the Haupt Conservatory to festivals on Daffodil Hill.

neg: Fort Greene Park Fort Greene Park is a city-owned and -operated park in the Fort Greene neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York City. The 30.2 acre park was named after the fort which was formerly located there, originally named Fort Putnam, and then renamed Fort Greene in 1812 for Nathanael Greene, a hero of the American Revolutionary War.


query: For what AMC TV show did Director Rian Johnson direct three episodes, including the 50th episode?

pos: Fifty-One "Fifty-One" is the fourth episode of the fifth season of the American television drama series "Breaking Bad", and the 50th overall episode of the series. Written by Sam Catlin and directed by Rian Johnson, it originally aired on AMC in the United States on August 5, 2012.

pos: Rian Johnson Rian Craig Johnson (born December 17, 1973) is an American film director, screenwriter, editor, and actor. He won the Special Jury Prize for Originality of Vision at the 2005 Sundance Film Festival with his debut feature film, "Brick". Johnson directed "The Brothers Bloom" (2008) and "Looper" (2012), as well as three episodes of the AMC series "Breaking Bad" ("Fly", "Fifty-One", and "Ozymandias").

neg: Always Accountable "Always Accountable" is the sixth episode of the sixth season and 73rd episode overall of the post-apocalyptic horror television series "The Walking Dead", which aired on AMC on November 15, 2015. The episode was written by Heather Bellson and directed by Jeffrey F. January.

neg: Traveling Salesmen "Traveling Salesmen" is the thirteenth episode of the third season of the US version of "The Office", and the show's 41st overall. The episode was written by Michael Schur, Lee Eisenberg, and Gene Stupnitsky, and was directed by series creator and executive producer Greg Daniels. It first aired on January 11, 2007 in the United States on NBC.

neg: Mulder and Scully Meet the Were-Monster "Mulder and Scully Meet the Were-Monster" is the third episode of the tenth season of "The X-Files". Written and directed by Darin Morgan, it aired on February 1, 2016, on Fox and guest stars Rhys Darby as Guy Mann, Kumail Nanjiani as Pasha, and Tyler Labine as Stoner #1.

neg: Pilot (Breaking Bad) "Pilot" (titled "Breaking Bad" on DVD and Blu-ray releases) is the first episode of the American television drama series "Breaking Bad". It originally aired on AMC on January 20, 2008, and was written and directed by series creator and showrunner Vince Gilligan.

neg: Black (Supernatural) "Black" is the first episode of the paranormal drama television series "Supernatural"' s season 10, and the 196th overall. The episode was written by showrunner Jeremy Carver and directed by executive producer Robert Singer. It was first broadcast on October 7, 2014 on The CW. In the episode, Sam begins looking for Dean and Crowley after discovered Dean returned to life as a demon. Meanwhile, Castiel is dealing with his dying grace while Hannah asks him for help in a mission.

neg: Knots Untie "Knots Untie" is the eleventh episode of the sixth season and 78th episode overall of the post-apocalyptic horror television series "The Walking Dead", which aired on AMC on February 28, 2016. The episode was written by Matthew Negrete and Channing Powell, and directed by Michael E. Satrazemis.

neg: Mad City: Anything for You "Mad City: Anything for You" is the fifth episode of the third season, and 49th episode overall from the Fox series "Gotham". The episode was written by consulting producer Denise Thé and directed by TJ Scott. It was first broadcast on October 17, 2016. In the episode, Oswald Cobblepot's first days as mayor are threatened when the newly emerged Red Hood comes back to spread chaos and challenge his authority. Edward Nygma makes a new discovery while being reinstated at the GCPD as a liaison in the case while Bruce Wayne and Jim Gordon set off to find Ivy Pepper, still not aware that she has grown up physically.

neg: Slaughterhouse (Hell on Wheels) "Slaughterhouse" is the third episode of the second season of the American television drama series "Hell on Wheels", which aired on August 26, 2012 on AMC. The thirteenth episode of the series is co-written by Jami O'Brien & Bruce Marshall Romans, and directed by Sergio Mimica-Gezzan. Bauer, the town butcher and friend of the deceased Schmidt, seeks to avenge his murder. His target: a bragging Mickey McGinnes (Phil Burke) and his brother Sean (Ben Esler). With no help from Elam (Common), Lily (Dominique McElligott) admits her involvement with Schmidt's murder to Durant (Colm Meaney), who asks Cullen (Anson Mount) to control the angry mob.

neg: Not for Attribution "Not for Attribution" is the third episode of the fifth season of the HBO original series, "The Wire". The episode was written by Chris Collins from a story by David Simon & Chris Collins and was directed by Scott and Joy Kecken. It aired on January 20, 2008.

neg: Mad Men (season 5) The fifth season of the American television drama series "Mad Men" premiered on March 25, 2012, with a two-episode premiere, and concluded on June 10, 2012. It consisted of thirteen episodes, each running approximately 47 minutes in length. AMC broadcast the fifth season on Sundays at 10:00 pm in the United States. The fifth season was released on DVD and Blu-ray in region 1 on October 16, 2012.

neg: Generalissimo (30 Rock) "Generalissimo" is the tenth episode of the third season of the American television comedy series "30 Rock". It was written by executive producer Robert Carlock and directed by Todd Holland. The episode originally aired on the National Broadcasting Company (NBC) in the United States on February 5, 2009. Guest stars in "Generalissimo" include Jon Hamm, Salma Hayek, Patrick Heusinger, Matt Lauer, Doug Mand, Greg Tuculescu, and Teresa Yenque.

neg: Michael (Glee) "Michael" is the eleventh episode of the third season of the American musical television series "Glee", and the fifty-fifth overall. Written by co-creator Ryan Murphy and directed by Alfonso Gomez-Rejon, the episode aired on Fox in the United States on January 31, 2012. It is a special tribute episode to Michael Jackson, and features eight of his songs as a solo artist, and one he sang as part of The Jackson 5.

neg: Something They Need "Something They Need" is the fifteenth episode of the seventh season and 98th episode overall of the post-apocalyptic horror television series "The Walking Dead", which aired on AMC on March 26, 2017. The episode was written by Corey Reed and directed by Michael Slovis.

neg: List of V (2009 TV series) episodes "V" is an American science fiction television series that ran for two seasons on ABC, from November 3, 2009 to March 15, 2011. A remake of the 1983 miniseries created by Kenneth Johnson, the new series chronicles the arrival on Earth of a technologically-advanced alien species which ostensibly comes in peace, but actually has sinister motives. "V" stars Elizabeth Mitchell and Morena Baccarin, and is executive produced by Scott Rosenbaum, Yves Simoneau, Scott Peters, Steve Pearlman, and Jace Hall. The series was produced by The Scott Peters Company, HDFilms and Warner Bros. Television.

neg: 30 Days Without an Accident "30 Days Without an Accident" is the first episode of the fourth season and 36th episode overall of the post-apocalyptic horror television series "The Walking Dead", which aired on AMC on October 13, 2013. The episode was written by Scott M. Gimple, the series' new showrunner, and directed by Greg Nicotero.

neg: Lantern (Better Call Saul) "Lantern" is the tenth and final episode of the third season of the AMC television series "Better Call Saul", the spinoff series of "Breaking Bad". The episode aired on June 19, 2017.

neg: The Walking Dead: Torn Apart The Walking Dead: Torn Apart is a six-part web series based on the television series "The Walking Dead". It aired in its entirety on October 3, 2011, on AMC's official website.

neg: ...And the Bag's in the River "...And the Bag's in the River" is the third episode of the first season of the American television drama series "Breaking Bad". Written by Vince Gilligan and directed by Adam Bernstein, it aired on AMC in the United States and Canada on February 10, 2008.

neg: The Killing (season 3) The third season of the AMC American crime drama television series "The Killing" premiered on June 2, 2013, concluded on August 4, 2013, and consisted of 12 episodes. The series was developed and produced by Veena Sud and based on the Danish series, "Forbrydelsen (The Crime)". Set in Seattle, Washington, this season follows detectives Sarah Linden and Stephen Holder as they investigate a string of murders that connect to a previous case of Linden's. AMC originally announced that they had canceled the series in July 2012, but, in January 2013, officially announced it would return for a third season, which would ultimately be the last to air on AMC. On November 15, 2013, Netflix announced it would produce a fourth and final season to consist of six episodes.

neg: Say Yes (The Walking Dead) "Say Yes" is the twelfth episode of the seventh season and 95th episode overall of the post-apocalyptic horror television series "The Walking Dead", which aired on AMC on March 5, 2017. The episode was written by Matthew Negrete and directed by Greg Nicotero.


query: Which plant has more spikes projecting from its stems: Fouquieria or Alfalfa?

pos: Fouquieria Fouquieria is a genus of 11 species of desert plants, the sole genus in the family Fouquieriaceae. The genus includes the ocotillo ("F. splendens") and the boojum tree or cirio ("F. columnaris"). They have semisucculent stems with thinner spikes projecting from them, with leaves on the bases spikes. They are unrelated to cacti and do not look much like them; their stems are proportionately thinner than cactus stems and their leaves are larger.

pos: Alfalfa Alfalfa , Medicago sativa also called lucerne, is a perennial flowering plant in the pea family Fabaceae cultivated as an important forage crop in many countries around the world. It is used for grazing, hay, and silage, as well as a green manure and cover crop. The name alfalfa is used in North America. The name lucerne is the more commonly used name in the United Kingdom, South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand. The plant superficially resembles clover (a cousin in the same family), especially while young, when trifoliate leaves comprising round leaflets predominate. Later in maturity, leaflets are elongated. It has clusters of small purple flowers followed by fruits spiralled in 2 to 3 turns containing 10–20 seeds. Alfalfa is native to warmer temperate climates. It has been cultivated as livestock fodder since at least the era of the ancient Greeks and Romans. Alfalfa sprouts are a common ingredient in dishes made in South Indian cuisine.

neg: Salvia algeriensis Salvia algeriensis is an annual "Salvia" native to northeast Morocco and northwest Algeria, found growing at up to 600 m elevation. In its native habitat, it grows nearly 1 m in height (it is much shorter in cultivation), with bright green ovate leaves about 8 cm long and wide. Each plant produces 3-4 inflorescences up to 15 cm long, with light violet flowers that have violet specks on the lower lip. The plant has a light scent when crushed, similar to thyme.

neg: Sanvitalia abertii Sanvitalia abertii is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common names Abert's creeping zinnia and Abert's sanvitalia. It is native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, where it grows in desert scrub, desert mountains and woodlands. It is an annual herb somewhat variable in appearance. The mainly erect stem may be 2 to 29 centimeters tall, and simple or with many branches. The linear or lance-shaped leaves are a few centimeters long. The plant is coated in rough hairs. The inflorescence is a cyme of flower heads with thick, leathery yellow ray florets 2 or 3 millimeters long and notched at the tips. The fruit is an achene. Achenes arising from the ray florets are light-colored and tipped with pappi, while those from the disc florets at the center of the flower head are darker and lack pappi.

neg: Linanthus filiformis Linanthus filiformis (formerly "Gilia filiformis") is a species of flowering plant in the phlox family known by the common name yellow gilia. It is native to the southwestern United States, where it grows in rocky desert and plateau habitat. This herb produces a threadlike, branching stem not more than about 15 centimeters long. It is generally hairless but may be thinly dotted with glands. The few linear leaves are up to 3 centimeters long and occur along the stem. The inflorescence generally bears one pair of yellow flowers, each flower under a centimeter wide.

neg: Stylidium diceratum Stylidium diceratum is a dicotyledonous plant that belongs to the genus "Stylidium" (family Stylidiaceae). The specific epithet "diceratum" is Greek for "two horns", referring to the two appendages that are present on the bend of the gynostemium. It is an annual plant that grows from 15 to 35 cm tall. The longer leaves are lanceolate and the shorter ones are spathulate, forming a basal rosettes around the stem. The leaves are around 5–8 mm long and 0.2-2.5 mm wide. Inflorescences are around 6–15 cm long and produce flowers that are orange with dark orange and pink veins and bloom from June to August in their native range. "S. diceratum" is only known from the type location, which is at creek crossings on the road to Beverley Springs in the Kimberley region of Western Australia. Its habitat is recorded as being sandy soils on creek margins. It grows in the presence of "S. ceratophorum", "S. rubriscapum", "Drosera caduca", "D. paradoxa", "Byblis liniflora", and "Grevillea pteridifolia". "S. diceratum" is most closely related to "S. longicornu", but it can be confused with "S. ceratophorum", which also has an orange corolla but twice as large.

neg: Chelone (plant) Chelone is a genus of four species of perennial herbaceous plants native to eastern North America. They all have similarly shaped flowers (which led to the name turtlehead due to their resemblance to the head of a turtle), which vary in color from white to red, purple or pink. "C. cuthbertii", "C. glabra", and "C. lyonii" are diploid and "C. obliqua" is either tetraploid or hexaploid.

neg: Raillardella scaposa Raillardella scaposa is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common name stem raillardella. It is native to the Sierra Nevada of California and western Nevada and parts of the southern Cascade Range in Oregon, where it grows in varying habitat types, from wet to dry and exposed to shaded. It is a rhizomatous perennial herb growing in a clump of rosetted basal leaves. The leaves are linear to lance-shaped, up to 16 centimeters long, and glandular. The plant produces an inflorescence just a few centimeters to half a meter tall consisting of flower heads which are cylindrical to hemispheric in shape. Each head contains many yellow to orange disc florets and sometimes a few ray florets. The fruit is a long, narrow achene 1 to 2 centimeters in length including its pappus of plumelike bristles.

neg: Antennaria Antennaria is a genus of herbaceous perennial plants in the family Asteraceae, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, with one species ("A. chilensis") in temperate southern South America; the highest species diversity is in North America. Common names include catsfoot or cat's-foot, pussytoes and everlasting.

neg: Lappula squarrosa Lappula squarrosa is a species of flowering plant in the borage family known by several common names, including European stickseed, bur forget-me-not, bluebur, and bristly sheepbur. It is native to Europe and Asia, where it is common, and it is an introduced species in much of North America and Africa. It is well known as a noxious weed where it is naturalized and also in many parts of its native range. This is an annual herb producing an erect stem often with sprays of many long, bending branches, its form varying in different regions and climates. The plant may approach a meter in height. The stems are lined with linear to oval leaves up to 5 centimeters long and coated in whitish hairs, and the herbage emits a scent generally considered unpleasant. The inflorescence is a long, leafy raceme of tiny flowers near the ends of the branches. Each flower is 2 to 4 millimeters wide with five light blue corolla lobes. White-flowered plants are occasionally seen. The fruit is a cluster of four nutlets which are coated in hooked prickles. The seeds are dispersed when the prickles get caught on animal coats and human clothing, and when they are moved by wind.

neg: Fasciation Fasciation (pronounced , from the Latin root meaning "band" or "stripe"), also known as cresting, is a relatively rare condition of abnormal growth in vascular plants in which the apical meristem (growing tip), which normally is concentrated around a single point and produces approximately cylindrical tissue, instead becomes elongated perpendicularly to the direction of growth, thus, producing flattened, ribbon-like, crested (or "cristate"), or elaborately contorted tissue. Fasciation may also cause plant parts to increase in weight and volume in some instances. The phenomenon may occur in the stem, root, fruit, or flower head. Some plants are grown and prized aesthetically for their development of fasciation. Any occurrence of fasciation has several possible causes, including hormonal, genetic, bacterial, fungal, viral and environmental causes.

neg: Poaceae Poaceae or Gramineae is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants known as grasses. Poaceae includes the cereal grasses, bamboos and the grasses of natural grassland and cultivated lawns and pasture. Grasses have stems that are hollow except at the nodes and narrow alternate leaves borne in two ranks. The lower part of each leaf encloses the stem, forming a leaf-sheath. With around 780 genera and around 12,000 species, Poaceae are the fifth-largest , following the Asteraceae, Orchidaceae, Fabaceae and Rubiaceae.

neg: Asparagus densiflorus Asparagus densiflorus (asparagus fern, plume asparagus, foxtail fern) is an evergreen perennial plant, closely related to the vegetable asparagus, and native to southern Africa from Mozambique to South Africa. "A. densiflorus" has been confused with "A. aethiopicus", Sprenger's asparagus, now regarded as a separate species, so that information under the name "A. densiflorus" will often refer to "A. aethiopicus".

neg: Citrullus lanatus Citrullus lanatus is a plant species in the family Cucurbitaceae, a vine-like (scrambler and trailer) flowering plant originally from sub-Saharan Africa. It is cultivated for its fruit. The subdivision of this species into two varieties, watermelons ("Citrullus lanatus" (Thunb.) var. "lanatus") and citron melons ("Citrullus lanatus" var. "citroides" (L. H. Bailey) Mansf.), originated with the erroneous synonymization of "Citrullus lanatus" (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai and "Citrullus vulgaris" Schrad. by L.H.Bailey in 1930. Molecular data including sequences from the original collection of Thunberg and other relevant type material, show that the sweet watermelon ("Citrullus vulgaris" Schrad.) and the bitter wooly melon "Citrullus lanatus" (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai are not closely related to each other. Since 1930, thousands of papers have misapplied the name "Citrullus lanatus" (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai for the watermelon, and a proposal has therefore been submitted to conserve the name with this meaning.

neg: Saxifragopsis Saxifragopsis is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the saxifrage family containing the single species Saxifragopsis fragarioides, which is known by the common name strawberry saxifrage. This plant is sometimes included in genus "Saxifraga". It is native to the northwestern United States, where it is mostly limited to the Klamath Mountains of southern Oregon and northern California, with some disjunct occurrences known from Washington. It grows in rocky mountain habitat, such as talus. This is a mat-forming perennial herb growing from a thick, woody caudex and system of rhizomes. Leaves are mostly located at ground level, the toothed oval blade attached to the long petiole by a joint and easily broken off. Smaller, reduced leaves are located along the stem. The inflorescence arises on an erect, hairy, glandular peduncle and is made up of many small clusters of white-petaled flowers.

neg: Angelica arguta Angelica arguta is a species of angelica known as Lyall's angelica. It is native to western North America, where it grows in coniferous forests from British Columbia to Utah. This is a taprooted perennial herb growing an erect, hollow stem to heights between one and two meters. It produces large, somewhat triangular leaves made up of many toothed, pointed leaflets each up to 9 centimeters long. The top of the stout stem is occupied by an inflorescence in a compound umbel arrangement, with the webbed rays of the umbel up to 10 centimeters long each. The flowers are generally yellowish.

neg: Hemitomes Hemitomes is a monotypic genus of plants containing the single species Hemitomes congestum, which is known as gnome plant and cone plant. This rare and unusual plant is native to the west coast of North America from British Columbia to California, where it grows in dense, dark forests such as the redwood forests of the region. This is small, fleshy, stemless perennial plant forming lumps in the leaf litter. It is white, yellowish, or reddish-pink in color. Little is known about the life cycle of the plant due to its rarity, but it probably obtains its nutrients by parasitizing fungi, so it lacks the green of chlorophyll. It grows from a rhizome with fragile roots and its form is covered in sparse scales which are the rudimentary leaves. An inflorescence emerges on a thick stalk from the soil bearing solitary to densely bunched flowers. The flowers have ragged yellowish or pinkish petals and contain hairs and large rounded yellow stigmas. The fruit is a fleshy white berry.

neg: Rorippa austriaca Rorippa austriaca is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family known by the common names Austrian yellow-cress and Austrian fieldcress. It is native to parts of Europe and Asia, and it is known in North America as an introduced species and sometimes a noxious weed. It can grow in disturbed habitat, such as roadsides, and in very wet habitat such as mudflats. It is a perennial herb growing upright to erect, reaching a maximum height near one meter. The branching stem bears hairless blue-green lance-shaped leaves up to 10 centimeters long. The bases of the upper leaves clasp the stem. The inflorescence is a raceme at the top of the stem and the ends of stem branches. The mustardlike flowers have small yellow petals. The fruit is a plump silique a few millimeters long, but many plants do not fruit and seed production is rare. Reproduction in this species is more often vegetative, the plants concentrating their growth in belowground tissue and spreading clonally. The root system of the plant is particularly aggressive, sending up many new plants as it spreads.

neg: Fructification Fructification (Latin: "fructificatio" ) are the generative parts of the plant (flower and fruit) (as opposed to its vegetative parts: trunk, roots and leaves). Sometimes it is applied more broadly to the generative parts of gymnosperms, ferns, horsetails, and lycophytes, though they produce neither fruit nor flower.

neg: Linaria maroccana Linaria maroccana is a species of flowering plant in the plantain family known by the common names Moroccan toadflax and annual toadflax. It is native to Morocco, but it can be found elsewhere growing wild as an introduced species, such as California. It is a readily available ornamental plant for the flower garden. This is an annual herb growing erect to approach a maximum height of 50 cm , its stem with linear leaves 2 – long. The inflorescence is a raceme of flowers occupying the top of the stem. At the base of each flower is a calyx with five narrow, pointed lobes. The flower is 2 – long with five lobes arranged into two lips with a spur at the end. The flower is often purple in color with white near the throat, but flowers of many different colors are bred for the garden. Dwarf cultivars are also available.

neg: Diplazium pycnocarpon Diplazium pycnocarpon (narrow-leaved glade fern, narrow-leaved-spleenwort, glade fern) is a tall slender-leaved fern growing as individuals with 5 to 6 leaves. The plant spreads by creeping underground stems allowing a small colony to develop over time. The leaf blade is oblong-lanceolate and once-pinnate, unlike the closely related "Athyrium". Leaves grow to about 90 cm (36 in) long and 15 cm (6 in) wide. The pinnae are linear and entire. Fertile leaves are similar but erect, narrower than sterile leaves and with longer stipes. The sori are long and narrow in two lines along the underside of a leaf pinna, giving rise to its specific epithet "pycnocarpon" ('crowded fruits').

neg: Echinochloa crus-galli Echinochloa crus-galli is a type of wild grass originating from tropical Asia that was formerly classified as a type of panicum grass. It is commonly known as cockspur (or cockspur grass), barnyard millet, Japanese millet, water grass, common barnyard grass, or simply "barnyard grass" (which may refer to any species of "Echinochloa" or the genus as a whole however). This plant can grow to 60" (1.5 m) in height and has long, flat leaves which are often purplish at the base. Most stems are upright, but some will spread out over the ground. Stems are flattened at the base. The seed heads are a distinctive feature, often purplish, with large millet-like seeds in crowded spikelets.


query: Where is the group which  Stephen Martin  as the chief executive officer based?

pos: Stephen Martin (businessman) Stephen Martin (born 1966) is a British businessman. He served as the chief executive officer of the Clugston Group from 2006 to 2016. He is the director general of the Institute of Directors.

pos: Clugston Group The Clugston Group is a privately owned business involved in construction and civil engineering, property development and distribution. The group is based in Scunthorpe, North Lincolnshire in England.

neg: Economist Group The Economist Newspaper Limited, trading as The Economist Group, is a British multinational media company headquartered in London and best known as publisher of "The Economist". The Economist Group specialises in international business and world affairs information. Its principal activities are magazines, newspapers, conferences and market intelligence.

neg: The Royal Group The Royal Group, based in Phnom Penh, is Cambodia's largest diversified conglomerate and holding company with investments in various industries in the country including telecommunication, media, banking, insurance, resorts, education, property, trading and agriculture.

neg: ITE Group ITE Group plc () is an international organiser of exhibitions and conferences. The Group is well known for its events in emerging markets across a number of industry sectors. Today, it organises over 240 trade exhibitions and conferences each year in 18 countries and employs over 1,000 staff in 31 offices worldwide. The company's main focus is business-to-business exhibitions and conferences, although it also publishes a small number of trade magazines and digital media. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange.

neg: Deloitte Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited , commonly referred to as Deloitte, is a UK-incorporated multinational professional services firm with operational headquarters in New York City in the United States.

neg: Dubai Group Dubai Group is an investment company based in the United Arab Emirates, and a subsidiary of Dubai Holding. The company was founded in 2000 as the Investment Office, and was renamed Dubai Group in 2005. Through its companies, the group focuses on banking, investments and insurance in the United Arab Emirates and globally.

neg: Martin Bencher Martin Bencher (Scandinavia) A/S is a Scandinavian shipping and freight forwarding company, which was founded in the United Kingdom in 1881.

neg: ST Engineering ST Engineering (Singapore Technologies Engineering Ltd) is an integrated engineering group providing solutions and services in the aerospace, electronics, land systems and marine sectors. Headquartered in Singapore, the Group reported revenue of $6.34b in FY2015, ranks among the largest companies listed on the Singapore Exchange, and is one of Asia’s largest defence and engineering groups. It is a component stock of the FTSE Straits Times Index, MSCI Singapore and the SGX Sustainability Leaders Index. ST Engineering has about 23,000 employees worldwide, and over 100 subsidiaries and associated companies in 46 cities across 24 countries.

neg: Time Out Group Time Out Group is a British media company which is publisher of magazines and travel guidebooks covering events, entertainment and culture in cities around the world. Julio Bruno is the CEO of Time Out Group.

neg: Capita Capita plc (), commonly known as Capita, is an international business process outsourcing and professional services company headquartered in London.

neg: TIM Group TIM Group is a privately owned technology company, developing and operating web-based solutions for the financial services industry, based in The City of London. TIM Group's solutions are used by investment banks, brokerage firms, hedge funds, asset managers, and funds of hedge funds (FoHF) in the US, Europe and the Far East.

neg: Kainos Kainos Group plc (commonly referred to simply as Kainos) is a public limited software company headquartered in Belfast, Northern Ireland that develops information technology solutions for businesses and organisations particularly in the public, healthcare and financial services sectors. The company also provides consulting and support services. Kainos has offices in the UK, Ireland, Poland and the U.S., and provides services to its customers across Europe, the Middle East, Africa and North America.

neg: Martin Temple Martin Temple CBE is the chairman of the Design Council and a non-executive director of the Sheffield Hospital Trust. Temple was a non-executive director and chairman of The 600 Group until October 2011. He was the Director-General of EEF from 1999 to February 2008, when he became Chairman. In 2016, he became Chair of the Health and Safety Executive.

neg: Edelweiss Group The Edelweiss Group is a diversified financial services with headquarters in Mumbai, India. It is not backed up by any major conglomerate.

neg: Mehta Group The Mehta Group of Companies commonly referred to as the Mehta Group is a conglomerate based in Mumbai, India, with subsidiaries in the United States, Canada, Kenya and Uganda. The group employs in excess of 15,000 people worldwide and has an asset base in excess of US$350 million, as of April 2010. The group's businesses include investments in sugar, cement, packaging, floriculture, engineering, electrical cable, consulting, management, insurance, International Trade and International Finance.

neg: Mecom Group Mecom Group plc is a newspaper publishing company headquartered in London, United Kingdom.

neg: Aberdeen Group Aberdeen Group, Inc. is an American technology and services company.

neg: Carl-Peter Forster Carl-Peter Edmund Moriz Forster (born 9 May 1954, in London), is an English born German businessman. Forster was the group Chief Executive of Tata Motors between January, 2010 and 9 September 2011.

neg: Wood Group Wood Group (officially John Wood Group PLC) is a multinational energy services company with headquarters in Aberdeen, Scotland. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index.

neg: Robin Watson Robin Watson (born February 1967) is a British businessman. He is the chief executive (CEO) of Wood Group, a British multinational oil and gas services company headquartered in Aberdeen, Scotland.

neg: Cornerford Group Cornerford Group is a British company headquartered in London, United Kingdom operating in mainly luxury fashion, design and media industries. It owns the Cornerford London and Cornerford U luxury fashion labels.


query: What year was a movie about the assassination of Sir Michael Francis O'Dwyer released?

pos: Shaheed Udham Singh (film) Shaheed Udham Singh is a 2000 revolutionary movie based on the life of the son of Hindustani soil, Shaheed Udham Singh who spent his whole life to punish Michael O'Dwyer, the British Lieutenant Governor of the Punjab who ordered the massacre of a thousand people at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar. The film was screened retrospective on August 13, 2016 at the "Independence Day Film Festival" jointly presented by the Indian Directorate of Film Festivals and Ministry of Defense, commemorating 70th Indian Independence Day.

pos: Michael O'Dwyer Sir Michael Francis O'Dwyer (28 April 1864 – 13 March 1940) was Lieutenant Governor of the Punjab in India from 1912 until 1919. O'Dwyer endorsed General Reginald Dyer's action regarding the Amritsar massacre and termed it a "correct action". In 1940, aged 75, he was assassinated by Udham Singh.

neg: The Hanging Garden (film) The Hanging Garden is a 1997 British/Canadian movie written and directed by Thom Fitzgerald that is about the duality of life and death and the way seemingly very different choices in life can lead to similar outcomes. The film was shot in Nova Scotia.

neg: Cloak & Dagger (1984 film) Cloak & Dagger is a 1984 American spy adventure film directed by Richard Franklin starring Henry Thomas, Dabney Coleman and Michael Murphy. It was written by Tom Holland and based on a Cornell Woolrich short story "The Boy Cried Murder", which was initially filmed as "The Window". It was originally released in a double feature with "The Last Starfighter" on July 13, 1984 and then released separately on August 10, 1984.

neg: I.T. (film) I.T. is a 2016 thriller film directed by John Moore and written by Dan Kay and William Wisher. It stars Pierce Brosnan, James Frecheville, Anna Friel, Stefanie Scott and Michael Nyqvist and was produced by David T. Friendly and Beau St. Clair, who was Brosnan's producing partner at the production company Irish DreamTime before her death. The film was released on September 23, 2016, with a limited release and on video on demand.

neg: C.O.D. (film) C.O.D. is a 1932 British crime film directed by Michael Powell and starring Garry Marsh, Arthur Stratton and Sybil Grove. A man assists a woman to dispose of the body of her stepfather.

neg: Die Another Day Die Another Day (2002) is the twentieth spy film in the "James Bond" series, and the fourth and final film to star Pierce Brosnan as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond. The film follows Bond as he leads a mission to North Korea, during which he is betrayed and, after seemingly killing a rogue North Korean colonel, is captured and imprisoned. Fourteen months later, Bond is released as part of a prisoner exchange. Surmising that someone within the British government betrayed him, he attempts to earn redemption by tracking down his betrayer and killing a North Korean agent he believes was involved in his torture.

neg: Assassin (1973 film) Assassin is a 1973 British thriller film directed by Peter Crane and starring Ian Hendry, Edward Judd and Frank Windsor.

neg: Michael Martin Dwyer Michael Dwyer (15 June 1984 – 16 April 2009) was shot dead in 2009 by the Bolivian Police Special Forces in the Las Americas Hotel, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia in disputed circumstances.

neg: RFK (film) RFK is a 2002 American television film directed by Robert Dornhelm. It takes place through the eyes of Robert F. Kennedy after his brother John F. Kennedy's assassination in 1963. As he lives through the loss, he starts to identify himself as a political figure, not just the former President's brother. He makes it official with a Presidential bid in 1968 to what he says was to "save the Democratic Party." During his campaign, in which the American people showed great support for him, RFK was shot and killed by Sirhan Sirhan.

neg: Kennedy et moi Kennedy et moi is a French film directed by Sam Karmann released on 22 December 1999. It is a comedy drama about an apathetic writer whose only interest is in his psychiatrist's watch which may have belonged to John F. Kennedy at the time of his assassination in 1963.

neg: Young Guns (film) Young Guns is a 1988 American western film directed by Christopher Cain and written by John Fusco. The film is the first installment in the "Young Gun film series" and the first to be produced by Morgan Creek Productions. The film stars Emilio Estevez, Kiefer Sutherland, Lou Diamond Phillips, Charlie Sheen, Dermot Mulroney, Casey Siemaszko, Terence Stamp, Terry O'Quinn, Brian Keith, and Jack Palance.

neg: The Killing (film) The Killing is a 1956 film noir directed by Stanley Kubrick and produced by James B. Harris. It was written by Kubrick and Jim Thompson and based on the novel "Clean Break" by Lionel White. The drama stars Sterling Hayden, Coleen Gray, Vince Edwards and features Marie Windsor, Elisha Cook Jr., Jay C. Flippen and Timothy Carey.

neg: Judgment Night (film) Judgment Night is a 1993 American action thriller film directed by Stephen Hopkins and starring Emilio Estevez, Cuba Gooding Jr., Jeremy Piven and Stephen Dorff as a group of friends on the run from a gang of drug dealers (led by Denis Leary) after they witness a murder. The film was released on DVD on January 20, 2004.

neg: Title to Murder Title to Murder is a 2001 American action romantic comedy independent film directed by Stephen Furst, starring Maureen McCormick and Christopher Atkins, and based on a story by C. Lee Tocci. It had its world premiere on May 15, 2001 at the Cannes Film Festival.

neg: Dead Along the Way Dead Along The Way is a 2016 Irish crime comedy film, directed by Maurice O'Carroll.

neg: Death of a Nation: The Timor Conspiracy Death of a Nation: The Timor Conspiracy is a 1994 Central Independent Television documentary, written and presented by John Pilger, and directed and produced by David Munro, which uncovers the complicity of the US and Great Britain governments in the East Timor genocide in the context of the 1990-91 Gulf War. "Accusations of genocide fly in this disturbing and controversial British documentary," writes Sandra Brennan of Allmovie, as well as, "disturbing accusations regarding the complacency of the U.S., British, and Australian governments who purportedly knew about the killing and did nothing." An updated version of the film entitled "The Timor Conspiracy" was released in 1999.

neg: Flicka Flicka is a 2006 British-American family adventure drama film loosely based on the 1941 children's novel "My Friend Flicka" by Mary O'Hara. The film is directed by Michael Mayer and written by Mark Rosenthal and Lawrence Konner. The novel had previously been made into a film in 1943, and served as the inspiration for a 39-episode TV series in 1956–1957. In this version, set in the 21st century, the protagonist is a girl, played by Alison Lohman. The film also features Maria Bello, Ryan Kwanten and country singer Tim McGraw, who also served as executive producer of the soundtrack album. This USD15 million-budgeted film grossed $21 million in the United States theaters, and then it went on to become a surprise hit in DVD market in the United States; it made more than $48 million on DVD sales and more than $19 million on DVD/Home Video rental. The film was theatrically released on October 20, 2006 by 20th Century Fox. A sequel "Flicka 2" was released direct to DVD on May 4, 2010, and another sequel "" was released on May 1, 2012.

neg: Killing Them Softly Killing Them Softly is a 2012 American neo-noir crime film directed by Andrew Dominik and starring Brad Pitt, based on the 1974 novel "Cogan's Trade" by George V. Higgins. On May 22, 2012, the film premiered in competition for the Palme d'Or at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival, receiving positive early reviews. The film is about three small-time crooks who rob a Mob-protected illegal gambling operation, which prompts the Mob to send in two hitmen, Jackie (Brad Pitt) and Mickey (James Gandolfini) to deal with the perpetrators.

neg: The Corruptor The Corruptor is a 1999 American action thriller film directed by James Foley, starring Chow Yun-fat and Mark Wahlberg. The film was released in the United States on June 1, 1998.

neg: The Long Good Friday The Long Good Friday is a British gangster film starring Bob Hoskins and Helen Mirren. It was completed in 1979, but because of release delays, it is generally credited as a 1980 film. The storyline weaves together events and concerns of the late 1970s, including low-level political and police corruption, IRA fundraising, displacement of traditional British industry by property development, UK membership of the EEC, and the free-market economy. It was voted at number 21 in the British Film Institute's list of the top 100 British films of the 20th century, and provided Bob Hoskins with his breakthrough film role.

neg: Small Sacrifices Small Sacrifices is a 1989 American made-for-TV movie written by Joyce Eliason and based on the best-selling true crime book by Ann Rule of the same name. The film is about Diane Downs and the murder and attempted murder of her three children. It stars Farrah Fawcett, Ryan O'Neal, Gordon Clapp, John Shea and Emily Perkins. The film premiered on ABC on 12 November 1989.


query: The army in which the 101st Jäger Division was a light infantry Division for in WWII dissolved in what year?

pos: 101st Jäger Division (Wehrmacht) The 101st Jäger Division was a light infantry Division of the German Army in World War II. It was formed in July 1942 by the redesignation of the 101st Light Infantry Division, which was itself formed in December 1940. It took part in the Battle of Kharkov, the Battle of the Caucasus, and the retreat into the Kuban, where it suffered heavy losses fighting both the Red Army and partisans. The division was then involved in the battles in the Kuban bridgehead before being evacuated. The 101st was subsequently transferred to the lower Dnieper River in late 1943. It was part of the 1st Panzer Army that was surrounded in March 1944; it formed the rear guard for the XLVI Panzer Corps during the breakout of the Kamenets-Podolsky pocket. The division then retreated across Ukraine. In October 1944, it was moved to Slovakia and took part in the Battle of the Dukla Pass.

pos: German Army (Wehrmacht) The German Army (German: "Heer" , ] ) was the land forces component of the Wehrmacht, the regular German Armed Forces, from 1935 until it was demobilized and later dissolved in August 1946. Though often erroneously restricted to the ground forces, the Wehrmacht also included the Kriegsmarine (Navy) and the Luftwaffe (Air Force). During World War II, a total of about 13 million soldiers served in the German Army. Most army personnel were conscripted.

neg: 8th Infantry Division (France) The 8th Infantry Division (French: "8e Division d'Infanterie, 8e DI" ) was a French Army formation during World War I, World War II and the Cold War. It was dissolved in 1993.

neg: 5th Army (German Empire) The 5th Army (German: 5. Armee / Armeeoberkommando 5 / A.O.K. 5 ) was an army level command of the German Army in World War I. It was formed on mobilization in August 1914 seemingly from the VII Army Inspection. The army was disbanded in 1919 during demobilization after the war.

neg: 1st Cavalry Division (German Empire) The 1st Cavalry Division ("1. Kavallerie-Division") was a unit of the German Army in World War I. The division was formed on the mobilization of the German Army in August 1914. The division was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I.

neg: 15th Reserve Division (German Empire) The 15th Reserve Division ("15. Reserve-Division") was a unit of the Prussian Army within the Imperial German Army in World War I. The division was formed on mobilization of the German Army in August 1914 as part of VIII Reserve Corps. The division was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I. The division was recruited primarily in the Prussian Rhine Province. At the beginning of the war, it formed the VIII Reserve Corps with the 16th Reserve Division.

neg: 115th Infantry Division (German Empire) The 115th Infantry Division ("115. Infanterie-Division") was a formation of the Imperial German Army in World War I. The division was formed on April 2, 1915, and organized over the next several weeks. It was part of a wave of new infantry divisions formed in the spring of 1915. The division was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I.

neg: 197th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht) The 197th Infantry Division (German: "197. Infanterie-Division") was a German division in World War II. It was formed on 1 December 1939. The division was destroyed near Vitebsk during the Soviet Vitebsk–Orsha Offensive of Operation Bagration in the summer of 1944.

neg: 39th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht) The 39th Infantry Division (German: "39. Infanterie-Division" ) was a German Army infantry division in World War II. Formed in July 1942, it existed for a little over 15 months. Reduced to battle group size by October 1943 in fighting during the Battle of the Dnieper on the Eastern Front, it was disbanded in November 1943. Its surviving troops were absorbed by other German army formations.

neg: 38th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht) The 38th Infantry Division (German: "38. Infanterie-Division" ) was a German Army infantry division in World War II. Formed in July 1942, it existed for a little over 15 months before being effectively destroyed in fighting on the Eastern Front in November 1943.

neg: 121st Infantry Division (Wehrmacht) The 121st Infantry Division (German: "121. Infanterie-Division" ) was a German division in World War II. It was a part of the German XXVIII Army Corps.

neg: 1st Guards Reserve Division (German Empire) The 1st Guard Reserve Division ("1. Garde-Reserve-Division") was a reserve infantry division of the Imperial German Army in World War I. It was a reserve formation of the Prussian Guards, the elite regiments raised throughout the Kingdom of Prussia. It was formed on mobilization in August 1914 as part of the Guards Reserve Corps and dissolved in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after the Armistice.

neg: 16th Reserve Division (German Empire) The 16th Reserve Division ("16. Reserve-Division") was a unit of the Imperial German Army in World War I. The division was formed on mobilization of the German Army in August 1914 as part of VIII Reserve Corps. The division was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I. The division was recruited primarily in the Prussian Rhine Province. At the beginning of the war, it formed the VIII Reserve Corps with the 15th Reserve Division. This was the unit in which Adolf Hitler served from 1914-1918.

neg: 1st Mountain Division (Bundeswehr) The 1st Mountain Division ("1. Gebirgsdivision") was a West German mountain infantry formation. It was part of the II Corps of the Bundeswehr. In the wake of military restructuring brought about by the end of the Cold War, the 1st Mountain Division was disbanded in 2001.

neg: 2nd Bavarian Landwehr Division The 2nd Bavarian Landwehr Division ("2. Bayerische Landwehr-Division") was a unit of the Bavarian Army, part of the Imperial German Army, in World War I. The division was formed on December 31, 1916. It was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I. It was composed primarily of troops of the Landwehr.

neg: 4th Panzergrenadier Division (Bundeswehr) The 4th Panzergrenadier Division ("4. Panzergrenadierdivision") was a West German mechanized infantry formation. It was part of the II Corps of the Bundeswehr, which also incorporated in 1979 the 1st Mountain Division and 1st Airborne Division, and the 10th Panzer Division. II Corps was part of NATO's Central Army Group (CENTAG), along with the Bundeswehr's III Corps and the American V and VII Corps. In the wake of military restructuring brought about by the end of the Cold War, the 4th Panzergrenadier Division was disbanded in 1994 with some of its forces being used to form the Airmobile Forces Command /4th Division.

neg: 39th Bavarian Reserve Division The 39th Royal Bavarian Reserve Division ("39. Kgl. Bayerische Reserve-Division") was a reserve infantry division of the Imperial German Army in World War I. It was raised to division status on October 2, 1914, from an "ad hoc" unit, "Brigade von Rekowski", and named "Division von Rekowski" ("Rekowski's Division"). On December 8, 1914, it was renamed the 39th Reserve Division. As it was heavily made up of Bavarian units, on December 26, 1916, it was again renamed, this time as the 39th Royal Bavarian Reserve Division. It spent the war engaged in positional warfare in the Alsace-Lorraine region. It was dissolved in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after the Armistice.

neg: 326th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht) The 326th Infantry Division ("326. Infanterie-Division") was the only Eastern Front (Ost Front) veteran division to have fought in the battles of Normandy. It was formed on November 9, 1942, shortly after its return from Southern Russia to serve as an occupation force in France. On May 5, 1943, the division was transformed into a static division. The 326th Infantry Division was destroyed during the Battle of Normandy. A new 326th Volksgrenadier Division ("326. Volksgrenadier-Division") was formed on September 4, 1944, in Galanta by redesignation of the new 579th Volksgrenadier Division of the 32nd mobilisation wave. In 1945 the division, separated into two groups, entered U.S. captivity in the Ruhr Pocket and Harz respectively.

neg: 121st Infantry Division (German Empire) The 121st Infantry Division ("121. Infanterie-Division") was a formation of the Imperial German Army in World War I. The division was formed on March 25, 1915, and organized over the next several weeks. It was part of a wave of new infantry divisions formed in the spring of 1915. The division was disbanded in 1919, during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I.

neg: 9th Panzer Division (Wehrmacht) The 9th Panzer Division was a panzer division of the Wehrmacht Army during World War II. It came into existence after 4th Light Division was reorganized in January 1940. The division was headquartered in Vienna, in the German military district Wehrkreis XVII.

neg: 118th Jäger Division (Wehrmacht) The 118th "Jäger" Division (German: "118. Jäger-Division" ) was a light infantry division of the German Army in World War II. It was formed in April 1943, by the redesignation of the 718th Infantry Division which had itself been formed in April 1941. It was transferred to Yugoslavia in May 1941, to conduct anti partisan and Internal security operations. It took part in the Battle of the Sutjeska in June 1943, and fought partisans in Bosnia before being sent to the Dalmatian coast to guard against Allied landings in the summer of 1944.

neg: 18th Army (German Empire) The 18th Army (German: 18. Armee / Armeeoberkommando 18 / A.O.K. 18 ) was an army level command of the German Army in World War I. It was formed against France on 27 December 1917 from the former Heeresgruppe Woyrsch command. It served exclusively on the Western Front and was dissolved on 2 January 1919.


query: "Photograph" is a song by Ringo Star released on his album that reached what number on the "Billboard" 200?

pos: Photograph (Ringo Starr song) "Photograph" is a song by English musician Ringo Starr that was released as the lead single from his 1973 album "Ringo". Starr co-wrote the song with George Harrison, his former bandmate from the Beatles. Although the two of them collaborated on other compositions, it is the only song officially credited to the pair. A signature tune for Starr as a solo artist, "Photograph" became an international hit, topping singles charts in the United States, Canada and Australia, and receiving gold disc certification for US sales of 1 million. Music critics have similarly received the song favourably; Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic considers it to be "among the very best post-Beatles songs by any of the Fab Four".

pos: Ringo (album) Ringo is the third studio album by Ringo Starr, released in 1973 on Apple Records. It peaked at number 7 on the UK Albums Chart and number 2 on the "Billboard" 200, and has been certified platinum by the RIAA. In Canada, it reached number 1 on the "RPM" national albums chart. The album is noted for the appearance of all four Beatles, and for its numerous guest stars, something which would become a signature for Starr on many of his subsequent albums and tours.

neg: Photograph Smile Photograph Smile is the fifth studio album by English singer-songwriter Julian Lennon.

neg: Liverpool 8 (song) "Liverpool 8" is a song by Ringo Starr and is the lead track on his 2008 album of the same name. The song was also released in early December 2007 as a download-single. It was later released in physical formats (7" single and CD single) on 7 January 2008, a week before the release of the album. The B-side for the 7" is the third track from the album, "For Love". Despite the physical single being available for only 99 pence in the UK, it only reached number 99 there. It is an autobiography of Starr put to song, with emphasis on his time with The Beatles. The title refers to the postal district of the Toxteth area of Liverpool in which Starr was born. The single was produced by Mark Hudson and Starr, and "overproduced" by Dave Stewart and Starr.

neg: Photograph (Nickelback song) "Photograph" is a song recorded by Canadian rock band Nickelback. It was released in September 2005 as the first single from their fifth studio album, "All the Right Reasons". The song made multiple US and UK top 10 charts, peaking at #1 in several of them.

neg: List of Billboard 200 number-one albums of 1960 These are the number-one albums in the United States per "Billboard" magazine during the year 1960. Prior to August 1963, separate charts existed for albums in mono and stereo formats. The chart is now known as the '"Billboard" 200'.

neg: Red Rose Speedway Red Rose Speedway is the second album by Paul McCartney and Wings and the fourth by McCartney since leaving the Beatles. The album was released in 1973 after the relatively weak commercial performance of McCartney's previous, "Wild Life", which had been credited to Wings. "Red Rose Speedway" reached No. 1 on the "Billboard" 200 chart in the United States and "My Love" was a No. 1 single in the US and the most popular track from the album.

neg: Portrait of Johnny Portrait of Johnny is a compilation album by Johnny Mathis that was released by Columbia Records on July 17, 1961, and described on the cover as "The Third in the Johnny Mathis Greatest Hits Series". Seven B-sides of chart hits are included along with four of the corresponding A-sides that made it onto the "Billboard" Hot 100 or "bubbled under" it and one song ("Should I Wait (Or Should I Run to Her)") from a single that had neither side chart in "Billboard" magazine.

neg: The Beatles (album) The Beatles, also known as the White Album, is the ninth studio album by English rock group the Beatles, released on 22 November 1968. A double album, its plain white sleeve has no graphics or text other than the band's name embossed, which was intended as a direct contrast to the vivid cover artwork of the band's earlier "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band". Although no singles were issued from "The Beatles" in Britain and the United States, the songs "Hey Jude" and "Revolution" originated from the same recording sessions and were issued on a single in August 1968. The album's songs range in style from British blues and ska to tracks influenced by Chuck Berry and by Karlheinz Stockhausen.

neg: Photograph: The Very Best of Ringo Starr Photograph: The Very Best of Ringo Starr (the last word visually rendered as ) is a career-spanning best-of compilation album by Ringo Starr and is the first such album since the releases of 1975's "Blast from Your Past" and 1989's "". The release of the new collection coincided with the reissue of Starr's first four solo albums for EMI, in digital format, on 28 August 2007.

neg: Pictures – 40 Years of Hits Pictures – 40 Years of Hits is a compilation album by the British rock band Status Quo, and was released on 10 November 2008. The album was available as a standard double CD, a double CD + DVD "deluxe edition", and the four-CD "earBOOK" boxset, containing the single versions of all 76 Status Quo singles (including five singles in collaboration with other acts) from 1968 to 2008 inclusive, housed in a box that included a 120-page booklet and reproduction prints of fifty versions of Status Quo single and album covers recreated by famous musicians and celebrities. The original artwork was later auctioned off to raise money for the Prince's Trust, a charity Status Quo has long supported.

neg: Down to Earth (Ozzy Osbourne album) Down to Earth is the eighth studio album by British heavy metal vocalist Ozzy Osbourne. Released on 16 October 2001, the album reached number 19 on the UK Albums Chart and number four on the US "Billboard" 200 albums chart. "Down to Earth" spawned just two singles, although both reached the top-ten of the US Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart and reached number 18 on the UK Singles Chart. The album was certified Platinum and has sold over 1.6 million copies worldwide.

neg: Harry (album) Harry is the fourth studio album by Harry Nilsson, released August 1969 on RCA. It was his first album to get onto Billboard Magazine's "Billboard" 200 chart, reaching #120 and remaining there for 15 weeks.

neg: David Gilmour (album) David Gilmour is the debut solo studio album by Pink Floyd guitarist and co-lead vocalist David Gilmour. The album was released in May and June 1978 in the United Kingdom and the United States, respectively. The album reached number 17 in the UK and number 29 on the Billboard US album charts; it was certified Gold in the US by the RIAA. The album was produced by Gilmour, and consists mostly of blues, guitar oriented rock songs except for the piano-dominated ballad "So Far Away".

neg: Telegram (album) Telegram is the first full-length and second overall remix album by Icelandic musician Björk. The album is a collection of remixes of several tracks from her album "Post", which had all previously appeared as B-sides of the UK versions of the singles off "Post", except the "Enjoy" remix which was previously unreleased. The cover was shot by Japanese photographer Nobuyoshi Araki. All of the songs on "Post" were remixed, excluding "The Modern Things" and "It's Oh So Quiet". The collection also included one new song entitled "My Spine" which was originally slated to appear on "Post" but was pushed out by "Enjoy", becoming the B-side to the UK "It's Oh So Quiet" single instead. The album has sold 228,000 copies in US according to SoundScan.

neg: List of Billboard 200 number-one albums of 1984 The "Billboard" 200, published in "Billboard" magazine, is a weekly chart that ranks the highest-selling music albums and EPs in the United States. Before Nielsen SoundScan began tracking sales in 1991, "Billboard" estimated sales from a representative sampling of record stores nationwide, using telephone, fax or messenger service. Data were based on rankings made by the record stores of the best-selling records, not on actual sales figures.

neg: Sentimental Journey (Ringo Starr album) Sentimental Journey is the debut studio album by English rock musician and former Beatles drummer Ringo Starr, released in 1970, as the band was splintering apart. Although Starr was the third member of the group to issue solo work (after George Harrison and John Lennon), "Sentimental Journey" is notable for being the first non-avant-garde studio album by a member of the band, in light of the experimental, soundtrack or live releases his aforementioned bandmates had already released. Paul McCartney's debut, "McCartney", would follow three weeks after "Sentimental Journey"'s release. Recording of the album was completed in early March 1970, with "Sentimental Journey" being rushed out a few weeks later to avoid clashing in the shops with the Beatles' impending final album "Let It Be" in May.

neg: List of Billboard 200 number-one albums of 1951 These are the "Billboard Magazine" number one albums of 1951, per the "Billboard" 200.

neg: List of Billboard 200 number-one albums of 2008 The highest-selling albums and EPs in the United States are ranked in the "Billboard" 200, which is published by "Billboard" magazine. The data are compiled by Nielsen Soundscan based on each album's weekly physical and digital sales. In 2008, 38 albums advanced to the peak position of the chart.

neg: Steve McQueen (album) Steve McQueen is the second studio album by English pop band Prefab Sprout, released in June 1985. The album peaked at number 21 on the UK Albums Chart and number 180 on the US "Billboard" 200. The album was released in the United States as Two Wheels Good due to a legal conflict with the estate of American actor Steve McQueen.

neg: List of Billboard 200 number-one albums of 1986 The "Billboard" 200, published in "Billboard" magazine, is a weekly chart that ranks the 200 highest-selling music albums and EPs in the United States. Before Nielsen SoundScan began tracking sales in 1991, "Billboard" estimated the sales for the album charts from a representative sampling of record stores nationwide, which was gathered by telephone, fax or messenger service. The data was based on reports from record stores, who ranked the popularity of the best-selling records but did not provide an actual sales figures.

neg: Shōso Strip Shōso Strip (勝訴ストリップ ) , official english title: Winning Strip, is Ringo Sheena's second album, released on March 31, 2000, by Toshiba EMI. The limited edition version includes a special booklet and case. The album debuted at #1 and has sold over 2,332,000 copies. It was certified two million copies by the RIAJ.


query: Who was born first, Sean Weathers or Metodi Andonov

pos: Sean Weathers Sean Weathers (born January 14, 1980 in Jonestown, Guyana) is an American, New York City based, film director, producer, screenwriter, editor, casting director and actor. Weathers specializes in making low-budget films primarily in the erotic and horror genres using skeleton crews and guerrilla filmmaking tactics.

pos: Metodi Andonov Metodi Andonov (Bulgarian: Методи Андонов ) (16 March 1932 – 12 April 1974) was a Bulgarian film director.

neg: Sean O'Hagan Sean O'Hagan (born 1960 or 1961 ) is an Irish multi-instrumentalist, singer, songwriter, and arranger who leads the avant-pop band the High Llamas, which he founded in 1992. He is also known for being one half of the duo Microdisney and for his work with the English-French band Stereolab.

neg: Sean Bedford Sean Boudreau Bedford (born December 26, 1987) is a former American football center for the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets. He majored in Aerospace Engineering at Georgia Tech. In 2010, he was named one of the 20 smartest athlete in sports by "Sporting News". In 2013, he was named to CBS Sports' All-Walk-On Team and included in the 25 Greatest Walk-Ons of the BCS Era by Bleacher Report. Bedford played one season as the starting center for Rivas Osos, a Spanish football team in the Liga Nacional de Fútbol Americano from 2010-2011. Sean is now an associate with the law firm of Alston & Bird in Atlanta, Georgia.

neg: Bernard Weatherill Bruce Bernard Weatherill, Baron Weatherill, (25 November 1920 – 6 May 2007) was a British Conservative Party politician who served as Speaker of the House of Commons between 1983 and 1992.

neg: Dimitri Tiomkin Dimitri Zinovievich Tiomkin (May 10, 1894November 11, 1979) was a Russian-born American film composer and conductor. Musically trained in Russia, he was best known for his western scores, including "Duel in the Sun", "Red River", "High Noon", "The Big Sky", "Gunfight at the O.K. Corral", and "Last Train from Gun Hill". Tiomkin received twenty-two Academy Award nominations and won four Oscars, three for Best Original Score for "High Noon", "The High and the Mighty", and "The Old Man and the Sea", and one for Best Original Song for "The Ballad of High Noon" from the former film.

neg: Matt McGovern Matt McGovern (born 20 September 1984 in Belfast, Northern Ireland) is an Irish sailor. He represented Ireland at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the 49er class alongside Ryan Seaton, the pair finished 14th. He is due to compete in the 2016 Summer Olympics.

neg: Metodi Tomanov Metodi Petrov Tomanov (Bulgarian: Методи Томанов , born 29 July 1959 in Ognyanovo) is a retired Bulgarian international football player and current manager.

neg: Sean M. Decatur Sean M. Decatur (born September 4, 1968) is a chemist, college administrator, and the 19th president of Kenyon College. Decatur is the first African-American to serve as the College’s president. He was appointed president of Kenyon in 2013 after serving five years as dean of the College of Arts and Sciences at Oberlin College.

neg: Sean O'Rourke Sean O'Rourke is an Irish journalist and broadcaster who works for the state TV company, Raidió Teilifís Éireann (RTÉ). He currently presents the "Today with Sean O'Rourke" show every weekday morning on RTÉ Radio 1.

neg: Sean Dollman Sean Dollman (born: December 8, 1968 in Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa) is a retired Irish long distance runner. He represented Ireland in two Olympics, running the 10,000 metres in 1992 and 1996. He was the 1991 NCAA Cross Country Champion while representing Western Kentucky University and was the sixth placer finisher the year before.

neg: Sean Callery Sean Callery (born 1964) is a film and television composer best known as the composer for the action/drama "24", a TV series for which he also composed three . The first soundtrack, containing music from the first three seasons was released on December 7, 2004. The second soundtrack, containing music from the fourth and fifth seasons was on released on November 14, 2006. The third soundtrack contained all the music composed for the "24" television movie, "". Other projects include the 2004 James Bond video game, "" and the television series "La Femme Nikita" and "Homeland". He also composed the music for "", based on the series, which was created for Sony's PlayStation 2 game console and "", a spin-off/reboot of the original series.

neg: List of people named Sean Sean is common given name in Ireland. It is often spelled Shawn or Shaun.

neg: Sean Reardon Sean F. Reardon is an American sociologist currently the Endowed Professor of Poverty and Inequality in Education at Stanford University and is an Elected Fellow to the American Academy of Arts & Sciences.

neg: Seann Branchfield Seann Branchfield (born 1989) is an American composer and songwriter.

neg: Sean Landless Sean Landless (born 1986) is an English actor who plays the lead role in the 2001 film, "Gabriel & Me".

neg: Sean Yseult Sean Yseult (born June 6, 1966) is an American rock musician. She currently plays bass in the band Star & Dagger. She has played various instruments with different bands over the years, most notably her bass work with the band White Zombie.

neg: Sean Fitzgerald Sean Martin Fitzgerald (born 21 August 1962) is a former English cricketer. Fitzgerald was a right-handed batsman who primarily played as a wicketkeeper. A technically brilliant batter and wicket keeper, he would also prove to be a very able off spinner in the latter stages of his club career.

neg: Seán O'Leary Seán A. O'Leary (7 June 1941 – 22 December 2006) was an Irish accountant, barrister, judge and Fine Gael politician and Senator.

neg: Sean Kanan Sean Kanan (born November 2, 1966) is an American actor and TV Host, best known for his portrayals of A. J. Quartermaine on "General Hospital", Deacon Sharpe on "The Bold and the Beautiful" and "The Young and the Restless", and Mike Barnes in "The Karate Kid Part III".

neg: Samantha Simmonds Samantha Rose Simmonds (born 21 August 1973) is an English newsreader, television presenter and journalist. She was a news anchor for Sky News until July 2016.

neg: Trevor Baker Trevor Baker (27 August 1921 – 19 August 2016) was a British meteorologist. He joined the Met Office in 1941 and worked all over the UK (as well as a stint in Hong Kong between 1953 and 1956) before being seconded to the BBC in 1962. After a few months he moved to Southern Television's evening news magazine "Day by Day". He worked with a number of different co-presenters including Cliff Michelmore, Barry Westwood and Fred Dinenage and his role gradually expanded (reading out congratulatory messages, writing a book) until eventually he was given his own show "The Trevor Baker All Weather Show". Baker remained in his position when the franchise changed to TVS (Television South) in 1982 and continued on until 1987. When people in Southampton said "Trevor says it's going to be fine today", nobody ever said "Trevor who?". He had achieved that ultimate accolade, accorded to very few, of being immediately identifiable by his first name. In all he was on-air for 25 years —at the time Britain's longest-serving TV weather forecaster.


query: The book Spinoza includes a foreword by a philosopher born in which year ?

pos: Spinoza (book) Spinoza (1951; second edition 1962; third edition 1987) is a book about Baruch Spinoza by the English philosopher Stuart Hampshire. The work includes a foreword by the philosopher A. J. Ayer, while a new introduction was added to the 1987 edition. "Spinoza" has become a classic work about Spinoza and has received praise from philosophers. In 2005, "Spinoza", along with Hampshire's other writings on the philosopher, was incorporated into a single volume, published as "Spinoza and Spinozism".

pos: A. J. Ayer Sir Alfred Jules "Freddie" Ayer, FBA ( ; 29 October 1910 – 27 June 1989), usually cited as A. J. Ayer, was a British philosopher known for his promotion of logical positivism, particularly in his books "Language, Truth, and Logic" (1936) and "The Problem of Knowledge" (1956).

neg: Franciscus Patricius Franciscus Patricius (Italian: "Francesco Patrizi", Croatian: "Franjo Petriš" or "Frane Petrić"; 25 April 1529 – 6 February 1597) was a philosopher and scientist from the Republic of Venice. He was known as a defender of Platonism and an opponent of Aristotelianism. In Croatia he is mostly referred to as Franjo Petriš or Frane Petrić (sometimes "Petris", "Petrišević" and "Petričević"). His family name in Cres was known as Petris.

neg: Timeline of Karl Marx Karl Marx (5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883) was a German philosopher, economist, sociologist, historian, journalist, and revolutionary socialist. Marx's work in economics laid the basis for the current understanding of labour and its relation to capital, and has influenced much of subsequent economic thought. He published numerous books during his lifetime, the most notable being "The Communist Manifesto" (1848) and "Das Kapital" (1867–1894).

neg: Friedrich Engels Friedrich Engels ( , ; ] ; 28 November 1820 – 5 August 1895) was a German philosopher, social scientist, journalist and businessman.

neg: Western philosophy Western philosophy is the philosophical thought and work of the Western world. Historically, the term refers to the philosophical thinking of Western culture, beginning with Hellenic (i.e. Greek) philosophy of the Pre-Socratics such as Thales (c. 624 – c. 546 BC) and Pythagoras (c. 570 – c. 495 BC), and eventually covering a large area of the globe. The word "philosophy" itself originated from the Hellenic: "philosophia" (φιλοσοφία), literally, "the love of wisdom" (φιλεῖν "philein", "to love" and σοφία "sophia", "wisdom").

neg: Paul-Louis Couchoud Paul-Louis Couchoud (] ), was born on July 6, 1879, at Vienne, Isère and died there on April 8, 1959. He was a French philosopher, a graduate from the prestigious École Normale Supérieure in Paris, a physician, a man of letters, and a poet. He became well known as an adapter of Japanese haiku into French, an editor of Reviews, a translator, and a writer promoting the German thesis of the non-historicity of Jesus Christ.

neg: Thomas Hobbes Thomas Hobbes ( ; 5 April 1588 – 4 December 1679), in some older texts Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, was an English philosopher who is considered one of the founders of modern political philosophy. Hobbes is best known for his 1651 book "Leviathan", which established the social contract theory that has served as the foundation for most later Western political philosophy. In addition to political philosophy, Hobbes also contributed to a diverse array of other fields, including history, jurisprudence, geometry, the physics of gases, theology, ethics, and general philosophy.

neg: Camillo Baldi Camillo Baldi (1550 – 24 March 1637), also known as Camillus Baldus and Camillo Baldo, was an Italian philosopher.

neg: Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel ( ; ] ; August 27, 1770 – November 14, 1831) was a German philosopher and an important figure of German idealism. He achieved wide renown in his day and, while primarily influential within the continental tradition of philosophy, has become increasingly influential in the analytic tradition as well. Although Hegel remains a divisive figure, his canonical stature within Western philosophy is universally recognized.

neg: Nicholas Rescher Nicholas Rescher ( ; ] ; born 15 July 1928) is a German-American philosopher at the University of Pittsburgh. He is the Co-Chairman of the Center for Philosophy of Science and has formerly served as Chairman of the Philosophy Department.

neg: Jean-Luc Nancy Jean-Luc Nancy (] ; born 26 July 1940) is a French philosopher.

neg: Arthur Schopenhauer Arthur Schopenhauer ( ; ] ; 22 February 1788 – 21 September 1860) was a German philosopher. He is best known for his 1818 work "The World as Will and Representation" (expanded in 1844), wherein he characterizes the phenomenal world as the product of a blind and insatiable metaphysical will. Proceeding from the transcendental idealism of Immanuel Kant, Schopenhauer developed an atheistic metaphysical and ethical system that has been described as an exemplary manifestation of philosophical pessimism, rejecting the contemporaneous post-Kantian philosophies of German idealism. Schopenhauer was among the first thinkers in Western philosophy to share and affirm significant tenets of Eastern philosophy (e.g., asceticism, the world-as-appearance), having initially arrived at similar conclusions as the result of his own philosophical work.

neg: Auguste Comte Isidore Marie Auguste François Xavier Comte (] ; 19 January 1798 – 5 September 1857) was a French philosopher who founded the discipline of praxeology and the doctrine of positivism. He is sometimes regarded as the first philosopher of science in the modern sense of the term.

neg: W. W. Bartley III William Warren Bartley III (October 2, 1934 – February 5, 1990), known as W.W. Bartley III, was an American philosopher specializing in 20th century philosophy, language and logic, and the Vienna Circle.

neg: Julian Baggini Julian Baggini (born 1968) is a British philosopher, and the author of several books about philosophy written for a general audience. He is co-founder of "The Philosophers' Magazine".

neg: Biosophy Biosophy, meaning "wisdom of life", is a humanist movement heavily influenced by the 17th-century philosopher Baruch Spinoza. It is "the science and art of intelligent living based on the awareness and practice of spiritual values, ethical-social principles and character qualities essential to individual freedom and social harmony". It stands in relation to biology, which can be broadly described as the "understanding of life".

neg: Leopold von Henning Leopold August Wilhelm Dorotheus von Henning ("actually von Henning auf Schönhoff"; 4 October 1791 – 5 October 1866) was a German philosopher associated with the Hegelian Right.

neg: Spinozism Spinozism (also spelled Spinoza-ism or Spinozaism) is the monist philosophical system of Baruch Spinoza which defines "God" as a singular self-subsistent substance, with both matter and thought being attributes of such.

neg: Plato Plato ( ; Greek: Πλάτων "Plátōn", ] in Classical Attic; 428/427 or 424/423 – 348/347 BC) was a philosopher in Classical Greece and the founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world. He is widely considered the most pivotal figure in the development of philosophy, especially the Western tradition. Unlike nearly all of his philosophical contemporaries, Plato's entire work is believed to have survived intact for over 2,400 years. Others believe that the oldest extant manuscript dates to around AD 895, 1100 years after Plato's death. This makes it difficult to know exactly what Plato wrote.

neg: Heliodorus (philosopher) Heliodorus (Greek: Ἡλιόδωρος ) is cited as the author of a work titled "Commentary" (dated 564 AD), which has been preserved, on the "Introduction" or "Rudiments" of Paulus Alexandrinus, the 4th century Alexandrian astrologer. The name "Heliodorus" appears only on the later of two groups of manuscripts, and so is somewhat doubtful. Leendert Westerink has argued that the commentary consists of notes of lectures, most likely given by the 6th-century philosopher and astrologer, Olympiodorus, in 564 AD. The Greek text of his commentary on Aristotle's "Nicomachean Ethics" has been published in vol. 19.2 of "Commentaria in Aristotelem Graeca" (CAG).

neg: David Hume David Hume ( ; born David Home; 7 May 1711 NS – 25 August 1776) was a Scottish philosopher, historian, economist, and essayist, who is best known today for his highly influential system of philosophical empiricism, skepticism, and naturalism.


query: "Noorpur Ki Rani" was base don a novel remembered especially for what character?

pos: Noorpur Ki Rani Noorpur Ki Rani (Urdu:  ) is a Pakistani teledrama which was broadcast on Hum TV from 25 April 2009 to on 3 October 2009. Written by Pakistani author and screenwriter Samira Fazal, and directed by Haissam Hussain, "Noorpur Ki Rani" was based on the English novel "Rebecca" by Daphne Du Maurier.

pos: Rebecca (novel) Rebecca is a thriller novel by English author Dame Daphne du Maurier. A best-seller, "Rebecca" sold 2,829,313 copies between its publication in 1938 and 1965, and the book has never gone out of print. The novel is remembered especially for the character Mrs. Danvers, the fictional estate Manderley, and its opening line: "Last night I dreamt I went to Manderley again."

neg: Maud Diver Maud Diver (born Katherine Helen Maud Marshall; 9 September 1867 – 14 October 1945) was an English author in British India who wrote novels, short stories, biographies and journalistic pieces primarily on Indian topics and Englishmen in India.

neg: Chitralekha (novel) Chitralekha is a 1934 Hindi novel, written by Bhagwati Charan Verma. The novel is about the philosophy of life and love, sin and virtue. The novel was written, while the author was still practicing law at Hamirpur and brought him immediate fame and starting his literary career. The novel is inspired by the famous novel "Thaïs" by Anatole France.

neg: Altaf Fatima Altaf Fatima (Urdu: الطاف فاطمہ ; born 1927 in Lucknow, British India) is an Urdu novelist, short-story writer, and teacher (specializing in Muhammad Iqbal). Her novel "Dastak Na Do" ("The One Who Did Not Ask ") is regarded as one of the defining works in the Urdu language. An adaptation was presented on Pakistan television and an abridged translation was serialised by the Karachi monthly, "Herald".

neg: Bahadur Nariman Kavina Lt. Com. Bahadur Nariman Kavina (Marathi: बहादुर नरिमन कविना ; 1 March 1937 – 30 June 2017) was a prominent Indian naval officer, who was commanding officer of the INS "Nipat" . During the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, Kavina was the chief architect of attack on the Port of Karachi and led the successful attack on Pakistani Navy headquarters.

neg: George Monro (British Army officer) Lieutenant-Colonel George Monro (sometimes spelled 'Munro') (1700 – 1757) was a Scottish-Irish soldier. He was an officer in the British Army best remembered for his resolute but ultimately unsuccessful defence of Fort William Henry in 1757 during the Seven Years' War / French and Indian War and the subsequent massacre of his garrison at the hands of France’s Indian allies. These events were made famous by James Fenimore Cooper in his novel "The Last of the Mohicans" (and subsequent TV/film adaptations).

neg: Balbhadra Kunwar Balbhadra Kunwar (30 January 1789 – 13 March 1823) is a National Hero of Nepal. He is famous for his service in the Anglo-Nepalese War (1814-1816).

neg: Donald Strachey Donald "Don" Strachey is a fictional character who appears in novels by mystery writer Richard Stevenson.

neg: Didda Didda (floruit 1003), was the ruler of Kashmir from 958 CE to 1003 CE, first as a Regent for her son and various grandsons, and from 980 as sole ruler and monarch. Most knowledge relating to her is obtained from the "Rajatarangini", a work written by Kalhana in the twelfth century.

neg: Karmabhoomi Karmabhoomi (The land where one works) is a Hindi novel by Munshi Premchand.

neg: The Don (1995 film) The Don is a 1995 Hindi-language Indian feature film directed by Farogh Siddique for producer Salim, starring Mithun Chakraborty, Sonali Bendre, Jugal Hansraj and Aashif Sheikh.

neg: Njai Dasima Njai Dasima (Perfected Spelling: Nyai Dasima) ("njai" meaning "companion or mistress") denotes the title character of G. Francis' 1896 novel "Tjerita Njai Dasima". It may also refer to the following films:

neg: T. K. Rama Rao T K Rama Rao (October 7, 1929 – November 10, 1988) was a novelist of Kannada literature. He became popular in the early 1970s when his book "Bangaaradha Manushya" was made into a hit movie in the Kannada film industry. It inspired many youths to leave the city and return to their villages to look after their ancestral land. He won the "Karnataka Sahitya Academy" award. Many of his works are detective novels, which sold millions of copies.

neg: Aarachaar Aarachaar (Malayalam: , 'Executioner' , "Hangwoman") is a Malayalam novel written by K. R. Meera. Originally serialised in "Madhyamam Weekly" in continuous 53 volumes, the novel was published as a book by DC Books in 2012. It was translated by J. Devika into English under the title Hangwoman: Everyone Loves a Good Hanging (Hamish Hamilton, 2014).

neg: Narayan Gangopadhyay Narayan Gangopadhyay (Bengali: নারায়ণ গঙ্গোপাধ্যায় ; 1918–1970), also known as Narayan Ganguly, was a South Asian novelist, poet, essayist, and short story writer who was born at Baliadingi in Dinajpur in undivided Bengal, on 4 February 1918, son of Pramathanath Gangopadhyay. Named Taraknath Gangopadhyay, he took up "Narayan" as his pen name. His forefathers lived at Nalchira of Basudebpur in Barisal district.

neg: M. K. Binodini Devi Maharaj Kumari Binodini Devi (Hindi: महाराज कुमारी बिनोदिनी देवी ; 6 February 1922 – 17 January 2011) was an Indian writer from Manipur, a Southeast Himalayan state in North-east India and a member of the erstwhile royal family of Manipur. She was notable for bridging the two worlds of ancient royalty and modern art. Born as a princess into a palace life which she lovingly recalled in a series of late essays, she made her name in the wider world as a novelist and a writer of short stories, essays, plays and award-winning screenplays, lyrics and ballet scripts. She received the Padma Shri in 1976, one of India's highest civilian awards, followed by Sahitya Akademi Award given by Sahitya Akademi, India's National Academy of letters) in 1979 for her novel "Boro Saheb Ongbi Sanatombi" (The Princess and the Political Agent) based on the true life story of a Manipuri princess, daughter of Maharaj Surchandra Singh. However, she returned the Padma Shri to protest the alleged rape and killing of Thangjam Manorama by 17 Assam Rifles personnel in 2004.

neg: Don Hale Don Hale OBE (born July 1952) is a British author and journalist known for his investigative work and campaigning against miscarriage of justice in specific legal cases.

neg: Khan Bahadur Abdul Ghafur Nassakh Khan Bahadur Abdul Ghafur Nassakh (1833-1889) was a British Indian officer, writer, literary critic and collector. His penname was Nassakh.

neg: Banjaranama The Banjaranama (بنجارانامہ, बंजारानामा, "Chronicle of the Nomad") is a famous satirical Urdu poem, written by the eighteenth-century sub-continental poet Nazeer Akbarabadi. The poem's essential message is that pride in worldly success is foolish, because human circumstances can change in a flash, material wealth and splendor is always transient, and death is the only certainty for all men. The poem quickly captured the popular imagination, and achieved fame in the Indian subcontinent that has lasted for over two centuries. Critics have observed that, despite the deliberate simplicity of its language, the poem's idioms and imagery were dazzling in their span, and portrayed lives of wealth and power as ultimately subject to a nomad's whims (an allusion to death). The poem continues to be hailed as distilling ""the teachings of thousands of years into one summary form"."

neg: Lala Lajpat Rai Lala Lajpat Rai    , (28 January 1865 – 17 November 1928) was an Indian Punjabi author and politician who is chiefly remembered as a leader in the Indian Independence movement. He was popularly known as "Punjab Kesari". He was one third of the Lal Bal Pal triumvirate. He was also associated with activities of Punjab National Bank and Lakshmi Insurance Company in their early stages. He sustained serious injuries by the police when leading a non-violent protest against the Simon Commission and died less than three weeks later. His death anniversary (17 November) is one of several days celebrated as Martyrs' Day in India.

neg: Dal Singh Thapa Dal Singh Thapa (Nepali: दलसिंह थापा ) was a leader of Nepali Congress. He was involved in the 1961 bombing against King Mahendra, and was sentenced to death; this sentence was later changed to life imprisonment. His friend Durgananda Jha was hanged who was caught with him in bombing. After his father and mother were killed in their home, reportedly by member of the Armed Police Force, he stayed with Subarna Shamsher Rana and got into politics. He also was an advisor of late Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala and is known for his fight for democracy, staying 21 years in prison.