query: Which newspaper had more publishers, Woman's Viewpoint or Bust?

pos: Woman's Viewpoint (magazine) The Woman's Viewpoint was a woman's magazine founded in Texas in 1923 and published by Florence M. Sterling. The magazine was progressive and ran from 1923 to 1927.

pos: Bust (magazine) BUST is a women's lifestyle magazine that is published six times a year. The magazine is published by Debbie Stoller and Laurie Henzel.

neg: The Independent (New York City) The Independent was a weekly magazine published in New York City between 1848 and 1928. It was founded in order to promote Congregationalism and was also an important voice in support of abolitionism and women's suffrage.

neg: Aqueduct Press Aqueduct Press is a publisher based in Seattle, Washington, United States that publishes material featuring a feminist viewpoint.

neg: The Englishwoman's Review The Englishwoman's Review was a feminist periodical published in England between 1866 and 1910.

neg: Anna Hvoslef Anna Hvoslef (born 1866, died 11 March 1954) was a Norwegian journalist, conservative politician and feminist. She was one of the first Norwegian female journalists, and was employed by the leading conservative daily Aftenposten from 1897 to 1935 as its first female journalist. As a journalist, she had a main focus on literature. She also published travel literature from her travels in Europe and the Americas. She was the first female member of the Association of the Conservative Press and was President of the Norwegian Association for Women's Rights from 1930 to 1935.

neg: Cornelia Walter Cornelia Wells Walter (1813 - January 31, 1898) is generally considered to have been the first woman editor of a major newspaper in the United States.

neg: Forerunner (magazine) The Forerunner was a monthly magazine produced by Charlotte Perkins Gilman (best known as the writer of "The Yellow Wallpaper"), from 1909 through 1916. During that time, she wrote all of every issue — editorials, critical articles, book reviews, essays, poems, stories, and six serialized novels. Gilman’s drive for social change was the inspiration for "Forerunner" and its controversial articles. She succeeded in administering progressive ideas for change to the magazine's readers, growing support for her desires during the women's suffrage movement. The magazine was based in New York City.

neg: Caroline Augusta Huling Caroline Augusta Alden Huling (April 2, 1856 – March 10, 1941) was an American journalist, philanthropist, editor, publisher and reformer. Huling published "The Bookseller" and edited numerous newsletters, among them "Social Progress", "The Stylus", and "The Sentinel". She also wrote two novels, "The Courage of Her Convictions" (1896) and "Letters of a Business Woman to Her Niece".

neg: Working Woman (magazine) Working Woman was an American magazine that ceased publication in September 2001 after 25 years.

neg: Clare Boothe Luce Clare Boothe Luce (March 10, 1903 – October 9, 1987) was an American author, politician, U.S. Ambassador and public conservative figure. She was the first American woman appointed to a major ambassadorial post abroad. A versatile author, she is best known for her 1936 hit play "The Women", which had an all-female cast. Her writings extended from drama and screen scenarios to fiction, journalism, and war reportage. She was the wife of Henry Luce, publisher of "Time", "Life", "Fortune", and "Sports Illustrated".

neg: Margaret Dixon Margaret Richardson Dixon, usually known as Maggie Dixon (February 27, 1908 – June 21, 1970), was perhaps the most influential woman journalist of 20th century Louisiana. She was the managing editor of her state's capital city newspaper, the "Baton Rouge Morning Advocate", from 1949 until her death some two decades later. She was also an active Democrat who championed prison reform, assistance to the mentally ill, and organized labor. She once addressed a Louisiana AFL-CIO convention at the invitation of president Victor V. Bussie of Baton Rouge.

neg: Kathleen Norris Kathleen Thompson Norris (July 16, 1880 – January 18, 1966) was a popular American novelist and newspaper columnist. She was one of the most widely read and highest paid female writers in the United States for nearly fifty years, from 1911 to 1959. Norris was a prolific writer who wrote 93 novels, many of which became best sellers. Her stories appeared frequently in the popular press of the day, including "Atlantic", "The American Magazine", "McClure's", "Everybody's", "Ladies' Home Journal" and "Woman's Home Companion." Norris used her fiction to promote family and moralistic values, such as the sanctity of marriage, the nobility of motherhood, and the importance of service to others.

neg: Lydia Starr McPherson Lydia Ann Starr Hunter McPherson (August 11, 1827 – December 3, 1903) was an American newspaper editor. She founded the first newspapers in Oklahoma and Texas published by a woman.

neg: Delilah L. Beasley Delilah Leontium Beasley (September 9, 1867 – August 18, 1934), was an American historian, and newspaper columnist for the "Oakland Tribune", Oakland, California, US. Beasley becomes the first African-American woman to be published regularly in a major metropolitan newspaper.

neg: The Woman's Bible The Woman's Bible is a two-part non-fiction book, written by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and a committee of 26 women, published in 1895 and 1898 to challenge the traditional position of religious orthodoxy that woman should be subservient to man. By producing the book, Stanton wished to promote a radical liberating theology, one that stressed self-development. The book attracted a great deal of controversy and antagonism at its introduction.

neg: Pacific Coast Women's Press Association Pacific Coast Women's Press Association (PCWPA; September 27, 1890 - 1941) was a press organization for women located on the West Coast of the United States. The purpose of this association was primarily to bring about a more extensive acquaintance among newspaper women, so that by the frequent interchange of ideas and methods, concerted action could be brought about matters of vital public import. Discussions were not permitted of any partisan movements on the subjects of politics, religion, or reform. The members of the association took on causes related to certain public improvements in the way of roads, streets, parks, libraries, village improvement societies, free exhibits of county resources, the suppression of criminal details of sensational cases in newspapers, the suppression of criminal advertising, the development of the kindergartens — things that tended to the building up of the country. To facilitate the work, the association issued printed monographs.

neg: Woman's World (disambiguation) Woman's World is an American supermarket weekly magazine.

neg: Marvel Cooke Marvel Jackson Cooke (April 4, 1903 – November 29, 2000) was a pioneering American journalist, writer, and civil rights activist. She was the first African-American woman to work at a mainstream white-owned newspaper.

neg: Woman's Day (Australian magazine) Woman's Day is an Australian women's magazine owned by Bauer Media Group. It is Australia's highest selling weekly magazine.

neg: Het Nieuwsblad Het Nieuwsblad (English: The Newspaper ) is a Belgian newspaper that mainly focusses on "a broad view" regarding politics, culture, economics, lifestyle, society and sports.

neg: List of women's presses This is a list of publishers dedicated either wholly or to a significant degree to publishing material written for, by, or about women. Many of them started during the "second wave" of feminism. The focus of this list is not on publishers which market to women, but on publishers who have a stated commitment to publishing feminist and other women's studies texts.


query: The Film-Makers' Cooperative a.k.a. he New American Cinema Group is an artist-run, non-profit organization founded in which year, in New York City by Jonas Mekas?

pos: The Film-Makers' Cooperative The Film-Makers' Cooperative a.k.a. The New American Cinema Group is an artist-run, non-profit organization founded in 1962 in New York City by Jonas Mekas, Shirley Clarke, Stan Brakhage, Gregory Markopoulos, Lloyd Michael Williams and other filmmakers to distribute avant-garde films.

pos: Jonas Mekas Jonas Mekas (] ; born December 24, 1922) is a Lithuanian American filmmaker, poet and artist who has often been called "the godfather of American avant-garde cinema." His work has been exhibited in museums and festivals worldwide.

neg: New Cinema History New Cinema History is a movement of media historians dedicated to rewriting film history as a social history of film cultures, instead of merely an art history of the moving image. The term was coined by Richard Maltby as "a body of work that focuses on the circulation and consumption of film and examines cinema as a site of social and cultural exchange." Maltby's terminology partly aimed to institutionalize and expand to an international scale his prior decade-long collaboration with Melvyn Stokes researching Hollywood film audiences, and coincided with the formation of the .

neg: Animation Collective Animation Collective was an American animated cartoon studio formed in 2003. The studio was based in New York City and was founded by Larry Schwarz. It was best known for its internet and television series using Adobe Flash, Maya and other software.

neg: Green Worker Cooperatives Green Worker Cooperatives (GWC) is a non-profit organization that incubates environmentally sustainable worker cooperatives in the South Bronx of New York City. The organization, founded in 2003 by Omar Freilla, seeks to create green-collar jobs and promotes environmental justice through the creation of cooperatives. GWC is a member of the United States Federation of Worker Cooperatives.

neg: Art commune An art commune is a communal living situation or commune where collective art is produced as a function of the group's activities. Contemporary art communes such as Kunsthaus Tacheles and Flux Factory are scattered around the world, yet frequently aloof to widespread attention due to displeasure or discomfort with mainstream society. In the 1960s and 1970s art communes such as Friedrichshof also known as Aktionsanalytische Organisation flourished. Creative art was enthusiastically produced within such groups, which became gathering points for the counterculture movement. Although from a sociological viewpoint both the art producing and non-art producing communes of the 1970s failed to sustain themselves, owing largely to the fact that they tended to have open memberships, which eventually attracted people with social problems. These problems then spread and become too difficult for these autonomous entities to handle. Some groups however, such as the Twin Oaks Community have continued to flourish to this day.

neg: Adolfas Mekas Adolfas Mekas (30 September 1925 – 31 May 2011) was a Lithuanian-born filmmaker, writer, director, editor, actor and educator. With his brother Jonas Mekas, he founded the magazine "Film Culture", as well as the Film-Makers' Cooperative and was associated with George Maciunas and the Fluxus art movement at its beginning. He made several short films, culminating in the feature "Hallelujah the Hills" in 1963, which was played at the Cannes Film Festival of that year and is now considered a classic of American film.

neg: BRIC (nonprofit organization) BRIC (which stands for Brooklyn Information & Culture) is a nonprofit arts and media organization located in Brooklyn, New York City founded in 1979. Its original name was "Fund for the Borough of Brooklyn". In the fall of 2013, it opened a 66,000 square-foot renovated former vaudeville theater providing a gallery, an additional space for film screenings, lectures, and readings, and a flexible performance space which will showcase dance, music, and theater admission to which will be mostly under $20.

neg: Collective for Living Cinema The Collective for Living Cinema was an outpost of avant-garde cinema located on White Street in Lower Manhattan in the United States of America. It regularly presented work by filmmakers such as Ken Jacobs, Johan van der Keuken, Yvonne Rainer, Christine Vachon, Dziga Vertov and many others who created films that were outside of the commercial mainstream in the United States. It also published a number of scholarly journals on film. Many of the founders studied film at Binghamton University together, where they developed a particular interest in the avant-garde.

neg: Larry Janiak Larry Janiak (born 15 February 1938) is a Chicago filmmaker, animator and designer. Janiak was born in Chicago, Illinois and attended Lane Technical College Prep High School where he collaborated with Wayne Boyer and Ronald Larson to create animated cartoon shorts. These high school films were recognized by the Chicago Tribune, Hollywood and the IIT Institute of Design. Janiak then attended the Institute of Design and learned under the influence of László Moholy-Nagy's principles of the "American Bauhaus". After school, Janiak began work in advertising, where he employed these principles of design, and the experimental practices he learned at I.D. in his industrial filmmaking. Janiak not only made advertising films, he also created documentaries, experimental films, animations, graphic design pieces, and worked as a professor at the Institute of Design from 1968 to 1980. Much of his work was inspired by his spiritual practices with the Vivekananda Vedanta Society in Chicago, which he was a member of beginning in 1965.

neg: New York Korean Film Festival 2010 9th New York Korean Film Festival was held by the Korea Society showcasing a selection of the best of contemporary Korean cinema. The 2010 New York Korean Film Festival featured eight films in a collaborative effort with the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) and the Brooklyn Academy of Music (BAM) Rose Cinema. Like previous festivals, the 2010 New York Korean Film Festival screened contemporary Korean films and also featured panel discussions with directors and other icons of Korean Cinema. The festival lasted from September 22, 2010 to October 3, 2010. Ranging from action to comedy, sci-fi to horror, to genre-bending altogether, this year's films represented not only Korea's top box-office hits but also some of the industry's most creative and substantial movies to date.

neg: Gabe Crate Gabe Crate is a professional cartoonist, writer, director, and storyboard artist currently living and working in Santa Monica, California. He is most known for his work on the print comic version of "The Tick" during the late 1990s and for his participation in several Boston-based punk rock bands during the same period, most notably, A Global Threat. After parting ways with both "The Tick" and A Global Threat in 2001 and relocating to the west coast, Gabe pursued a career as an independent cartoonist and musician. In late 2004, Gabe established the independent comic publishing press Flophouse Comics, which saw its first releases in Spring, 2005. He established Flophouse Productions LLC in 2015 and is currently touring the film festival circuit with his award winning short film and directorial debut, "Move Me."

neg: Josh MacPhee Josh MacPhee is an artist, curator and activist living in Brooklyn, New York. MacPhee graduated from Oberlin College in 1996 and spent eight years as an artist and activist in Chicago, Illinois where he established a distribution system called "justseeds" in order get more radical art projects out to the public. At its inception "Justseeds" primarily offered art by Josh MacPhee; now the Justseeds Artists' Cooperative is a cooperative of 25 like-minded artists.

neg: Introducing Me Introducing Me was a song recorded by Nick Jonas for the "" soundtrack.

neg: George Herms George Herms (born 1935) is an American artist best known for making assemblages out of discarded, often rusty, dirty or broken every-day objects, and juxtaposing those objects so as to infuse them with poetry, humor and meaning. He is also known for his works on paper, including works with ink, collage, drawing, paint and poetry. The prolific Herms has also created theater pieces, about which he has said, "I treat it as a Joseph Cornell box big enough that you can walk around in. It's just a continuation of my sculpture, one year at a time." Legendary curator Walter Hopps, who met Herms in 1956, "placed Herms on a dazzling continuum of assemblage artists that includes Pablo Picasso, Kurt Schwitters, Marcel Duchamp, and Joseph Cornell, as well as California luminaries Wallace Berman and Edward Kienholz." Often called a member of the West Coast Beat movement, Herms said that Wallace Berman taught him that "any object, even a mundane cast-off, could be of great interest if contextualized properly." "That’s my whole thing," Herms says. "I turn shit into gold. I just really want to see something I've never seen before." George Herms lives and works in Los Angeles.

neg: Israel Film Festival The Israel Film Festival is a film festival that takes place annually in the United States in three cities: Los Angeles, New York and Miami. It is the largest showcase of Israeli cinema in the United States. Founded in 1982 by Meir Fenigstein, a former drummer for the Israeli rock band, Kaveret, the festival is the premier showcase for new work from Israeli independent filmmakers. The festival comprises official sections for Israeli dramatic and documentary films, both feature-length films and short films, and television dramas.

neg: Creative Education Foundation Founded in 1954, CEF is a non profit US-American membership organization based in Buffalo (New York).

neg: Center for Performance Research Center for Performance Research is a nonprofit organization founded by Jonah Bokaer and John Jasperse in 2008. CPR is located at 361 Manhattan Avenue in Brooklyn’s first L.E.E.D gold-certified green building of its kind. The 4000 sqft arts facility aims to provide affordable space for rehearsal and performance, innovative arts programming, education and pedagogical engagement with the communities of New York City and abroad, as well as a dynamic new model for sustainable arts infrastructure in dance and performance. As a response to the difficulty in maintaining permanent and affordable space for the arts in New York, CPR advocates for performance at the community level.

neg: The Kitchen The Kitchen is a non-profit, multi-disciplinary art and performance space located at 512 West 19th Street, between Tenth and Eleventh Avenues in the Chelsea neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City. It was founded in Greenwich Village in 1971 by Steina and Woody Vasulka, taking its name from the original location, the kitchen of the Mercer Arts Center, where artists working mostly in video showed their work. Although first intended as a location for the exhibition of video art, The Kitchen soon expanded its mission to include other forms of art, both plastic and performance. In 1974, The Kitchen relocated to a building at the corner of Wooster and Broome Streets in SoHo, and incorporated as a not-for-profit arts organization. In 1987 it moved to its current location.

neg: Foundation for Contemporary Arts The Foundation for Contemporary Arts (FCA), is a nonprofit based foundation in New York City that offers financial support and recognition to contemporary performing and visual artists through awards for artistic innovation and potential. It was established in 1963 as the Foundation for Contemporary Performance Arts by artists Jasper Johns, John Cage, and others.

neg: Armand Mastroianni Armand Mastroianni (born August 1, 1948 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American film director and producer.

neg: Tessa Hughes-Freeland Tessa Hughes-Freeland is a British-born experimental film maker and writer living in New York City. Her films have screened internationally in North America, Europe and Australia and in prominent museums and galleries, including the Museum of Modern Art, the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, the Whitney Museum of American Art, the New Museum of Contemporary Art in New York, and the KW Institute of Contemporary Art in Berlin. She has collaborated on live multi-media projects with musicians like John Zorn and J. G. Thirlwell. The co-founder of the New York Film Festival Downtown in 1984 and its co-director until 1990, she later served as President of the Board of Directors of the Film-Makers Co-Operative in New York City from 1998-2001. Hughes-Freeland has published articles in numerous books, including “Naked Lens: Beat Cinema” and “No Focus: Punk Film,” and in periodicals including PAPER Magazine, "Filmmaker" magazine, GQ, the "East Village Eye", and Film Threat.


query: What was the 2010 population of the county that is home to the College of the Siskiyous?

pos: Siskiyou County, California Siskiyou County is a county in the northernmost part of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2010 census, the population was 44,900. Its county seat is Yreka.

pos: Yreka, California Yreka ( ) is the county seat of Siskiyou County, California, United States, located in the Shasta Valley at 2,500 feet (760 m) above sea level and covering about 10.1 sq mi (26 km2) area, of which most is land. As of the 2010 United States Census, the population was 7,765, reflecting an increase of 475 from the 7,290 counted in the 2000 Census. Yreka is home to the College of the Siskiyous, Klamath National Forest Interpretive Museum and the Siskiyou County Museum. Its gold mining heritage is commemorated by the high school team which uses a gold miner as their name and mascot.

neg: Island City, Oregon Island City is a city in Union County, Oregon, United States. Its name originated from the city's location on an island between the Grande Ronde River and a nearby slough. However, the slough was later diverted, removing the city's island status. The population was 989 at the 2010 census.

neg: Tift County, Georgia Tift County is a county located in the south central portion of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2010 census, the population was 40,118. The county seat is Tifton.

neg: Coffee County, Georgia Coffee County is a county located in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2010 census, the population was 42,356. The county seat is Douglas.

neg: Wasco County, Oregon Wasco County is a county in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2010 census, the population was 25,213. Its county seat is The Dalles. The county is named for a local tribe of Native Americans, the Wasco, a Chinook tribe who lived on the south side of the Columbia River.

neg: Solano County, California Solano County is a county located in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2010 census, the population was 413,344. The county seat is Fairfield.

neg: East San Gabriel, California East San Gabriel is a census-designated place (CDP) in Los Angeles County, California, United States. The population was 14,874 at the 2010 census, up from 14,512 at the 2000 census.

neg: Pierce College Pierce College is a community college district operating in and serving Pierce County in the U.S. state of Washington. The district consists of two main colleges, Pierce College Fort Steilacoom in Lakewood and Pierce College Puyallup in Puyallup, and auxiliary campuses at Fort Lewis, McChord Air Force Base, and in South Hill. The college district is home to 16,916 students.

neg: Monterey County, California Monterey County is a county located on the Pacific coast of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2010 census, the population was 415,057. The county seat and largest city is Salinas.

neg: Mendocino County, California Mendocino County is a county located on the north coast of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2010 census, the population was 87,841. The county seat is Ukiah.

neg: Santa Barbara County, California Santa Barbara County, California, officially the County of Santa Barbara, is a county located in the southern portion of the state of California, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 423,895. The county seat is Santa Barbara, and the largest city is Santa Maria.

neg: Los Altos, California Los Altos is a city in Santa Clara County, California, in northern Silicon Valley, in the San Francisco Bay Area. The population was 28,976 according to the 2010 census.

neg: Santa Clara County, California Santa Clara County, California, officially the County of Santa Clara, is a county in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2010 census, the population was 1,781,642. The county seat and largest city is San Jose, the tenth-most populous city in the United States, and California's third largest city, only after the cities of Los Angeles and San Diego.

neg: Kern County, California Kern County is a county in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2010 census, the population was 839,631. Its county seat is Bakersfield.

neg: Ada County, Idaho Ada County is a county in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2010 Census, the county had a population of 392,365, making it the most populous county in Idaho. The county seat and largest city is Boise, which is also the state capital.

neg: Philomath, Oregon Philomath ( ) is a city in Benton County, Oregon, United States. It was named for Philomath (Greek, "love of learning") College. The population was 4,584 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Corvallis, Oregon, Metropolitan Statistical Area.

neg: Skagit County, Washington Skagit County is a county in the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2010 census, the population was 116,901. The county seat and largest city is Mount Vernon. The county was formed in 1883 from Whatcom County and is named for the Skagit Indian tribe, which has been indigenous to the area prior to European-American settlement.

neg: Idaho County, Idaho Idaho County is a county in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2010 census, the population was 16,267. The county seat is Grangeville. Previous county seats of the area were Florence (1864–68), Washington (1868–75), and Mount Idaho (1875–1902).

neg: Hays, Kansas Hays is a city in and the county seat of Ellis County, Kansas, United States. The largest city in northwestern Kansas, it is the economic and cultural center of the region. It is also a college town, home to Fort Hays State University. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 20,510.

neg: Montesano, Washington Montesano is a city in Grays Harbor County, Washington, United States. The population was 3,976 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Grays Harbor County.

neg: Johnson City, Oregon Johnson City is a city in Clackamas County, Oregon, United States. The population was 566 at the 2010 census.


query: The coat of arms of Samoa takes its inspiration from the United Nations, as New Zealand administered Western Samoa first as a League of Nations,  was an intergovernmental organisation founded on which date, as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War?

pos: Coat of arms of Samoa The coat of arms of Samoa takes its inspiration from the United Nations, as New Zealand administered Western Samoa first as a League of Nations Mandate and then as a United Nations trusteeship until the country received its independence on June 1, 1962, as Western Samoa. Samoa was the first Polynesian nation to reestablish independence in the 20th century. The background is cross-hatched with a grid like the United Nations arms, most of the other elements are duplicated on the national flag.

pos: League of Nations The League of Nations (abbreviated as LN in English, "La Société des Nations " ] abbreviated as SDN or SdN in French) was an intergovernmental organisation founded on 10 January 1920 as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War. It was the first international organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace. Its primary goals, as stated in its Covenant, included preventing wars through collective security and disarmament and settling international disputes through negotiation and arbitration. Other issues in this and related treaties included labour conditions, just treatment of native inhabitants, human and drug trafficking, the arms trade, global health, prisoners of war, and protection of minorities in Europe. At its greatest extent from 28 September 1934 to 23 February 1935, it had 58 members.

neg: United Nations Foundation The United Nations Foundation was launched in 1998 with a $1 billion gift from Ted Turner to support the United Nations causes. The creation of the Foundation was intended to encourage other donors to also support the UN in its activities. The main issue areas that the Foundation addresses are child health, climate change & energy, sustainable development, technology, women, girls, and population, and supporting the United Nations. Some of the biggest global campaigns that the UN Foundation has been involved in include Nothing But Nets, the Measles & Rubella Initiative, the Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves, Girl Up, Shot@Life, the Digital Impact Alliance, and the Better World Campaign, among others.

neg: Confédération Internationale des Étudiants The Confédération internationale des étudiants (translation "International Confederation of Students") was an international student organization that existed from 1919 to 1940. It was founded at the Congress of Strasbourg from the Union nationale des étudiants de France (National Union of Students of France), and brought together national unions of students members of the League of Nations. Its main activity was the organization of the World University Games.

neg: Little Treaty of Versailles Little Treaty of Versailles or the Polish Minority Treaty was one of the bilateral Minority Treaties signed between minor powers and the League of Nations in the aftermath of the First World War. The Polish treaty was signed on 28 June 1919, the same day as the main Treaty of Versailles was signed, which is the reason for one of its names. It was the first of the Minority Treaties and served as a template for the subsequent ones; together with Articles 87-93 of Treaty of Versailles, it also formally established Poland as a sovereign and independent state on the international arena.

neg: Effects of climate change on island nations Climate change is producing drastic changes to Earth processes and changing Earth's environmental status quo. Especially pertinent to human development is the threat of climate change on island nations. As sea levels continue to rise, island peoples and cultures are being threatened. As the former President of the Republic of the Marshall Islands, Christopher Loeak, noted "In the last year alone, my country has suffered through unprecedented droughts in the north, and the biggest ever king tides in the south; and we have watched the most devastating typhoons in history leave a trail of death and destruction across the region." Efforts to combat theses environmental changes are ongoing and multinational. Particularly notable is the adoption of the Paris agreement at the UN Climate Summit in Paris in 2015, which by no means an unqualified success, is certainly a step in the right direction in regards to fighting the effects of climate by aiming to slow the pace of global warming.

neg: Western Front Association The Western Front Association (WFA) was inaugurated on 11 November 1980, in order to further interest in The Great War of 1914-1918. The WFA aims to perpetuate the memory, courage and comradeship of all those who fought on all sides and who served their countries during The Great War. The Western Front Association does not seek to justify or glorify war. It is not a re-enactment society, nor is it commercially motivated. It is entirely non-political. The object of the Association is to educate the public in the history of The Great War with particular reference to the Western Front.

neg: United Nations Security Council Resolution 1253 United Nations Security Council resolution 1253, adopted without a vote on 28 July 1999, after examining the application of the Kingdom of Tonga for membership in the United Nations, the Council recommended to the General Assembly that Tonga be admitted, bringing total membership of the United Nations to 188.

neg: Coat of arms of Vanuatu The Coat of arms of Vanuatu features a Melanesian warrior holding the spear standing before the mountain superimposed on the boar's tusk encircling two crossed namele fern fronds and the golden scroll on the bottom with the National Motto that reads: "LONG GOD YUMI STANAP" (In Bislama for, "IN GOD WE STAND"). The Bislama "long" is a preposition derived from the word "along" and has several flexible meanings, "in, on, at," and "with." When used referring to another with personhood, it is generally understood to mean "with (said person.)" The original version was designed by Australian artist Rick Frazer in 1980.

neg: Remembrance Day Remembrance Day (sometimes known informally as Poppy Day) is a memorial day observed in Commonwealth of Nations member states since the end of the First World War to remember the members of their armed forces who have died in the line of duty. Following a tradition inaugurated by King George V in 1919, the day is also marked by war remembrances in many non-Commonwealth countries. Remembrance Day is observed on 11 November in most countries to recall the end of hostilities of World War I on that date in 1918. Hostilities formally ended "at the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month", in accordance with the armistice signed by representatives of Germany and the Entente between 5:12 and 5:20 that morning. ("At the 11th hour" refers to the "passing" of the 11th hour, or 11:00 am.) The First World War officially ended with the signing of the Treaty of Versailles on 28 June 1919.

neg: 1910s The 1910s (pronounced "nineteen-tens", also abbreviated as the "teens") was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1, 1910, and ended on December 31, 1919. The 1910s represented the culmination of European militarism which had its beginnings during the second half of the 19th century. The conservative lifestyles during the first half of the decade, as well as the legacy of military alliances, was forever changed by the assassination, on June 28, 1914, of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the heir presumptive to the Austro-Hungarian throne. The murder triggered a chain of events in which, within 33 days, World War I broke out in Europe on August 1, 1914. The conflict dragged on until a truce was declared on November 11, 1918, leading to the controversial, one-sided Treaty of Versailles, which was signed on June 28, 1919.

neg: Pacific Islands Forum The Pacific Islands Forum (PIF) is an inter-governmental organization that aims to enhance cooperation between the independent countries of the Pacific Ocean. It was founded in 1971 as the South Pacific Forum. In 1999, the name was changed; Pacific Islands Forum is more inclusive of the Forum's Oceania-spanning membership of both north and south Pacific island countries, including Australia. It is an official observer at the United Nations.

neg: Latin Union The Latin Union is a defunct international organization of nations that used Romance languages, with the aim of protecting, projecting, and promoting the common cultural heritage of Latin peoples and unifying identities of the Latin, and Latin-influenced, world. It was created in 1954 in Madrid, Spain, and existed as a functional institution from 1983 to 2012. Its membership rose from 12 to 36 states, including countries in North America, South America, Europe, Africa, and the Asia-Pacific region.

neg: United Nations Security Council Resolution 399 United Nations Security Council Resolution 399, adopted unanimously on December 1, 1976, after examining the application of the Western Samoa for membership in the United Nations, the Council recommended to the General Assembly that Samoa be admitted.

neg: Pan American Day Pan American Day is a holiday observed by several countries in North and South America. It commemorates the First International Conference of American States which concluded on April 14, 1890, creating the International Union of American Republics, the forerunner to the Organization of American States (OAS). The holiday was originally proposed by the organization in 1930, and was first observed on April 14, 1931.

neg: United Nations Truce Supervision Organization The United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO) is an organization founded on 29 May 1948<ref name="s/res/73">UN Doc S/RES/73 (1949) S/1376, II 11 August 1949 UN Security Council Resolution 73</ref> for peacekeeping in the Middle East. Its primary task was providing the military command structure to the peace keeping forces in the Middle East to enable the peace keepers to observe and maintain the cease-fire, and as may be necessary in assisting the parties to the Armistice Agreements in the supervision of the application and observance of the terms of those Agreements. The command structure of the UNTSO was maintained to cover the later peace keeper organisations of the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) and the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL).

neg: Four Power Act The Four Power Act or "Treaty between the British Empire, France, Japan and the United States of America relating to their Insular Possessions and Insular Dominions in the Pacific Ocean, and Declaration" was a treaty related to Treaty for the Limitation of Naval Armament that attempted to maintain peace in the Pacific. It was signed at Washington, D.C. on 13 December 1921.

neg: World War I World War I (WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. More than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history. Over nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a result of the war (including the victims of a number of genocides), a casualty rate exacerbated by the belligerents' technological and industrial sophistication, and the tactical stalemate caused by gruelling trench warfare. It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history, and paved the way for major political changes, including revolutions in many of the nations involved. Unresolved rivalries still extant at the end of the conflict contributed to the start of the Second World War only twenty-one years later.

neg: A Peace Conference at the Quai d'Orsay A Peace Conference at the Quai d'Orsay is an oil-on-canvas painting by Irish artist William Orpen, completed in 1919. It was one the paintings commissioned from Orpen to commemorate the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. The work is held by the Imperial War Museum in London.

neg: Treaty of Paris (1810) The Treaty of Paris, signed on 6 January 1810, ended the war between France and Sweden after Sweden's defeat by Russia, an ally of France, in the Finnish War of 1808-1809. Russia had previously been an ally of Sweden in the Third and Fourth Coalitions against France, but after Russia's defeat at Friedland, she joined France and attacked Sweden so as to compel her to join Napoleon's Continental System. Indeed, the primary result of the treaty was Sweden's agreement to join the Continental System, so that Sweden would not trade with the UK. Shortly after the treaty was signed, on 21 August 1810, one of Napoleon's marshals, Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte, was elected crown prince of Sweden, and he went on to found the House of Bernadotte, which remains the Royal House of Sweden. The peace resulting from the treaty lasted until Napoleon's refusal to permit Sweden to annex Norway, which was then under the sovereignty of Denmark, an ally of France. This was followed in January 1812 by French occupation of Swedish Pomerania for violation of the Continental System, since Sweden was still trading with the UK, and, in April, Sweden's conclusion of the Treaty of Petersburg with Russia against France.

neg: Treaty of Ankara The Ankara Agreement (or the Accord of Ankara; Franklin-Bouillon Agreement; Franco-Turkish Agreement of Ankara, Turkish: "Ankara Anlaşması" French: Traité d'Ankara) was signed on 20 October 1921 at Ankara (also known as Angora) between France and the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, ending the Franco-Turkish War.

neg: United Nations Conciliation Commission The United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine (UNCCP) or Palestine Conciliation Commission (PCC) was created by UN-resolution 194 of 11 December 1948, in order to mediate in the Arab–Israeli conflict. The Commission consisted of France, Turkey and the United States. Its official headquarters was set up in Jerusalem on 24 January 1949.


query: Which company was founded first, East of Chicago Pizza or MOD Pizza?

pos: East of Chicago Pizza East of Chicago Pizza is a restaurant chain based in Lima, Ohio offering different styles of pizza, buffalo wings, breadsticks, and subs. They have 75 restaurants in Ohio, Georgia, Indiana, Kentucky, West Virginia, New York, Michigan and South Carolina. The first restaurant was opened in 1982 as the Greenwich Pizza Barn in Greenwich, OH.

pos: MOD Pizza MOD Pizza is a fast casual pizza restaurant chain based in the United States. Founded in Seattle, Washington in 2008, MOD has more than 200 locations in the United States and United Kingdom. MOD is a company that is claimed by its owners to be "more about the people than the pizza" and to focus on paying living wages and providing employees with opportunities to give back to the community.

neg: Hot Dog on a Stick Hot Dog on a Stick, is a fast food company that was founded by Dave Barham in Santa Monica, California. It is known for its signature made-to-order stick items, fresh hand-stomped lemonade and the colorful uniforms that the employees wear. It was founded in Santa Monica, California in 1946, and later branched out into malls and shopping centers. In 2014, the company was purchased by Global Franchise Group (the strategic brand management company behind Great American Cookies, Marble Slab Creamery, and Pretzelmaker.) based in Atlanta, GA. Under GFG, the brand has opened new locations across the country and moved into the franchising space.

neg: MOD (file format) MOD is a computer file format used primarily to represent music, and was the first module file format. MOD files use the “.MOD” file extension, except on the Amiga which doesn't rely on filename extensions, instead it reads a file's header to determine filetype. A MOD file contains a set of "instruments" in the form of samples, a number of "patterns" indicating how and when the samples are to be played, and a list of what patterns to play in what order.

neg: Pizza Delight Pizza Delight is a Canadian pizza restaurant franchise. Founded in 1968 in Shediac, New Brunswick by Léandre Bourque and later purchased by Bernard Imbeault and two of his friends, its head offices are now located in Moncton. The restaurant serves mainly Pizza, Pasta, Salads. Today it has over 95 restaurants, and operates in Ontario, Quebec, and Atlantic Canada.

neg: Gene & Jude's Gene's & Jude's or ("sic:" Gene & Jude's) is a popular and iconic hot dog stand in River Grove, Illinois, founded in 1946 by Chicago city worker Gene Mormino. The stand is famous for its limited approach to the Chicago-style hot dog, its toppings departing from tradition by including only mustard, onions, relish, sport peppers and fresh cut French fries placed on top, known as a Depression Dog. The menu is limited to hot dogs, double dogs, tamales and fries, and, atypical of Chicago hot dog stands, lacks any trace of ketchup even for dipping the fries.

neg: McAvoy Brewing Company McAvoy Brewing Company (founded in 1865 as Bemis & Rindge Brewery by Henry V. Bemis) was run by John H. McAvoy in Chicago, Illinois and was one of Chicago's largest breweries before Prohibition. Coinciding with the Eighteenth Amendment going into effect on January 16, 1920, the brewery closed in 1920.

neg: Pizza Schmizza Pizza Schmizza is an American pizza chain with 23 locations throughout the Portland, Oregon area, and two in southern Oregon. Pizza Schmizza, primarily selling thin crust pizza by-the-slice.

neg: Sleaford Mods Sleaford Mods are an English electronic punk music duo formed in 2007 in Nottingham. The band features vocalist Jason Williamson and, since 2012, musician Andrew Fearn. They are known for their abrasive, minimalist musical style and embittered explorations of austerity-era Britain, culture, and working class life, delivered in Williamson's thick East Midlands accent. The duo have released several albums to critical praise.

neg: Toppers Pizza (American restaurant) Toppers Pizza is a chain of pizzerias in the United States. The chain was founded by Scott Gittrich in 1991 in Champaign, Illinois, but the original location closed in the mid-1990s. The first Toppers Pizza location in Wisconsin opened in Whitewater in 1993. The company is headquartered in Whitewater, Wisconsin. The first official franchise store opened in Eau Claire, WI in 1997.

neg: East Moline, Illinois East Moline is a city in Rock Island County, Illinois, United States. The population was 21,302 at the 2010 census. East Moline is one of the five Quad Cities, along with the cities of Rock Island, Moline, and the Iowa cities of Davenport and Bettendorf. The Quad Cities has a population estimate of 381,342.

neg: East Side Mario's East Side Mario's is a Canadian chain of casual dining restaurants, managed by its parent holding company Prime Restaurants. The restaurant specializes in Italian-American cuisine. Individual locations aim to recreate the historic ambience found at the corner of Canal Street and Mulberry Street in Lower Manhattan. The brand is marketed as "A taste of little Italy". It is best recognized by its old logo featuring the Statue of Liberty holding a large tomato instead of a torch, as well as the jingle containing the catch phrase "Hey, budda boom budda bing".

neg: Peppes Pizza Peppes Pizza is a Norwegian pizza chain that serves American style and Italian style pizza. Peppes is the largest pizza chain in Scandinavia. The restaurant was founded by two Americans, Louis Jordan and his wife Anne from Hartford, Connecticut. The restaurant chain is part of Umoe Catering As which consists of restaurants such as Burger King, TGI Fridays, La Baguette and Cafe Opus. Peppes Pizza is one of the first restaurants that brought foreign food to Norway. 9 million pizzas are served by Peppes each year with deliveries in 11 cities in Norway. Their menu was first put online in March 1995. The servings have been described as enough for two people and that the pizza chain is "a cut above the rest".

neg: World's Finest Chocolate World's Finest Chocolate is a chocolate company based in Chicago, Illinois. The company was founded as E & A Opler, Inc. in 1922.

neg: Home Run Inn Home Run Inn is a restaurant chain known for their Chicago-style pizza as well as frozen pizzas. Home Run Inn is headquartered in Woodridge, Illinois of the United States.

neg: Metro-East Journal The Metro-East Journal was a newspaper published in East St. Louis, Illinois, from 1888 to 1979.

neg: The Mods The Mods were a punk rock band from Toronto during the first wave of late 1970s punk.

neg: Moulinex Moulinex is a Groupe SEB brand along with Rowenta, Calor Gas, All-Clad, Lagostina, Krups, and Tefal, all household products brands. The company designed and produced the Mouli grater. The company was founded by Jean Mantelet who in 1932 invented the Moulin-Légumes, a hand-crank food mill for puréeing vegetables. The design is considered an early forerunner to the modern food processor.

neg: Pizza of Death Records Pizza of Death is a Japanese record label based in Tokyo, Japan, and was founded by Hi-Standard front man Ken Yokoyama. It was created in 1994 as a record label inside a record label (Fat Wreck Chords), and officially established itself as fully independent in 1999 with the release of Hi-Standard's "Making the Road". The label currently holds 19 bands, 5 of which are based in The United States and Europe. One of these is "Me First and the Gimme Gimmes", which is associated with several well-known American punk musicians from the United States, including producer and bassist Fat Mike of NOFX.

neg: East Bay Dragons MC The East Bay Dragons MC is an all black, all male, all Harley Davidson riding motorcycle club founded in Oakland, California in 1959 by founder and current president, Tobie Gene Levingston.

neg: Walter E. Smithe Walter E. Smithe is a furniture company based in Itasca, Illinois. The company makes, sells, and repairs furniture, specializing in custom upholstery, and operates eleven showrooms throughout the Chicago metropolitan area. It was founded by Walter E. Smithe and Bill Shanahan in 1945 and is currently run by Smithe's three grandchildren: Walter E. Smithe III, Timothy Smithe, and Mark Smithe. The Smithe brothers have been described as "Chicago's most recognizable furniture purveyors", due to their ubiquitous television commercials starring themselves.

neg: Pizza party A pizza party is a social gathering at which pizza is served. It is also a recognized political designation in the United States state of Massachusetts, in which case each word begins with a capital letter (Pizza Party).


query: What is the nationality of the author of Txtng: the Gr8 Db8 ?

pos: Txtng: the Gr8 Db8 Txtng: The Gr8 Db8 is a book written by linguist David Crystal.

pos: David Crystal David Crystal, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (born 6 July 1941) is a British linguist, academic and author.

neg: Trevor Goring Trevor Goring (born 1949) is a visual artist, author, publisher, lecturer and consultant.

neg: Tanay Pant Tanay Pant (born 28 September 1995) is an Indian author, speaker, innovator, and tech enthusiast. He is best known for his work on various books on computer science, open source contributions and his talks at technology conferences.

neg: Daniel Keys Moran Daniel Keys Moran (born November 30, 1962), also known by his initials DKM, is an American computer programmer and science fiction writer.

neg: Xuedong Huang Xuedong Huang (Simplified Chinese: 黄学东, b. October 20, 1962) is a Chinese-American computer scientist and the key person behind Microsoft's spoken language processing technologies. He is a Microsoft Technical Fellow and company's Chief Speech Scientist. Wired (magazine) named him one of 25 Geniuses in Next List 2016.

neg: Melanie Rieback Melanie R. Rieback (26 October 1978) is a computer scientist, chiefly known for her work regarding the privacy and security of RFID (radio frequency identification) technology.

neg: Greg Stein Greg Stein (born March 16, 1967 in Portland, Oregon), living in Austin, Texas, United States, is a programmer, speaker, sometime standards architect, and open-source software advocate, appearing frequently at conferences and in interviews on the topic of open-source software development and use.

neg: Jim Kent William James Kent (born February 10, 1960) is an American research scientist and computer programmer. He has been a contributor to genome database projects and the 2003 winner of the Benjamin Franklin Award.

neg: John Vanderaart John Vanderaart (born John L.M. van der Aart, 18 November 1962, Amsterdam) (also known as "Doctor John" or "DRJ") is a Dutch games developer and writer.

neg: Graham Cluley Graham Cluley (born 8 April 1969) is a British security blogger and the author of grahamcluley.com; a daily blog on the latest computer security news, opinion, and advice.

neg: Daniele Trinchero Daniele Trinchero (born December 23, 1968) is an Italian Engineer and inventor who founded, in late 2004, with Riccardo Stefanelli, the iXem Labs at Politecnico di Torino, to develop new wireless technologies for applications in Environmental Monitoring and Social Development .

neg: Ross J. Anderson Ross John Anderson, FRS, FREng (born 15 September 1956) is a researcher, writer, and industry consultant in security engineering. He is Professor of Security Engineering at the Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge where he is part of the Security Group.

neg: John Grahl John Grahl (born August 1946) is a British academic and professor.

neg: Dan Freed Daniel Stuart "Dan" Freed (born 17 April 1959) is an American mathematician, who specializes in global analysis and its applications to supersymmetry, string theory, and quantum field theory.

neg: G.T. Moore Gerald Thomas "G.T." Moore (born 2 May 1949) is an English

neg: David Delpy David Thomas Delpy, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} FREng (born 11 August 1948), is a British bioengineer, and Hamamatsu Professor of Medical Photonics, at University College London.

neg: Nat Friedman Nathaniel Dourif Friedman (born August 6, 1977), known as "Nat", is a programmer who co-founded Ximian along with Miguel de Icaza in 1999, a company that was later bought by Novell in 2003.

neg: Ning Cai Ning Cai ( ; born October 1947) is a Chinese electrical engineer. He is faculty at Xidian University. In 2005, he was named Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for "contributions to network coding theory and arbitrarily varying channels".

neg: Jun'ichi Tsujii Jun'ichi Tsujii (辻井 潤一 , Tsujii Jun'ichi , born 7 February 1949) is a Japanese computer scientist specializing in natural language processing and text mining, particularly in the field of biology and bioinformatics.

neg: Gérard Huet Gérard Pierre Huet (born 7 July 1947) is a French computer scientist, linguist and mathematician. He is senior research director at INRIA and mostly known for his major and seminal contributions to type theory, programming language theory and to the theory of computation.

neg: Rop Gonggrijp Robbert (Rop) Valentijn Gonggrijp (born 14 February 1968) is a Dutch hacker and one of the founders of XS4ALL.


query: During which incident of racial violence was the Mount Zion Baptist Church burned down?

pos: Mount Zion Baptist Church (Tulsa) Mount Zion Baptist Church is a historically significant church in the Greenwood District of Tulsa, Oklahoma. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 5, 2008. The original building was burned during the Tulsa Race Riot on June 1, 1921. According to the Tulsa Preservation Commission, "... Mount Zion Baptist Church remains a testimony to the perseverance and tenacity of its congregants and the black community in Greenwood." The church building was rebuilt in 1952 on its original site.

pos: Tulsa race riot The Tulsa race riot, or Tulsa race riot of 1921, occurred between May 31 and June 1, 1921, when a white mob started attacking residents and businesses of the African-American community of Greenwood in Tulsa, Oklahoma, in what is considered one of the worst incidents of racial violence in the history of the United States. The attack, carried out on the ground and by air, destroyed more than 35 blocks of the district, at the time the wealthiest black community in the nation. More than 800 people were admitted to hospitals and more than 6,000 black residents were arrested and detained, many for several days. The Oklahoma Bureau of Vital Statistics officially recorded 39 dead, but the American Red Cross estimated 300, a number supported by historians since then.

neg: 1920 Nebi Musa riots The 1920 Nebi Musa riots or 1920 Jerusalem riots took place in British-controlled part of Occupied Enemy Territory Administration (which would shortly become Mandatory Palestine) between Sunday, 4 and Wednesday, 7 April 1920 in and around the Old City of Jerusalem. Five Jews and four Arabs were killed, and several hundred were injured. The riots coincided with and are named after the Nebi Musa festival, which took place every year on Easter Sunday, and followed rising tensions in Arab-Jewish relations. The events came shortly after the Battle of Tel Hai and the increasing pressure on Arab nationalists in Syria in the course of the Franco-Syrian War.

neg: Southern bread riots The Southern bread riots were events of civil unrest in the Confederacy, perpetrated mostly by women in March and April 1863. During these riots, which occurred in cities throughout the South, women and men violently invaded and looted various shops and stores.

neg: Colfax massacre The Colfax massacre, or Colfax riot as the events are termed on the 1950 state historic marker, occurred on Easter Sunday, April 13, 1873, in Colfax, Louisiana, the seat of Grant Parish, when approximately 150 black men were murdered by white Southern Democrats. The bloodiest single instance of racial carnage in the Reconstruction era, the Colfax massacre taught many lessons, including the lengths to which some opponents of Reconstruction would go to regain their accustomed authority. Among blacks, the incident was long remembered as proof that in any large confrontation, they stood at a fatal disadvantage.

neg: John Cross Jr. John H. Cross Jr. (January 27, 1925 – November 15, 2007) was an American pastor and Civil Rights activist. He was best known as the pastor of the 16th Street Baptist Church, an African American Baptist congregation in Birmingham, Alabama, at the time of church's racially motivated bombing in 1963. The bombing, which ripped through the church and killed four young girls, became a rallying cry for the Civil Rights Movement and propelled the problems of racial segregation in The South into the national spotlight. Cross spent much of the rest of his life working for racial reconciliation in the South.

neg: Joseph DeLaine Joseph Armstrong DeLaine (1898-1974) was a Methodist minister and civil rights leader from Clarendon County, South Carolina. He received a B.A. from Allen University in 1931, working as a laborer and running a dry cleaning business to pay for his education. DeLaine worked with Modjeska Simkins and the South Carolina NAACP on the case "Briggs v. Elliott", which challenged segregation in Summerton, South Carolina. The case was one of the five cases argued under "Brown v. Board of Education" (1954). Due to his involvement in the case, DeLaine's home and church were burned down.

neg: Orange Riots The Orange Riots took place in Manhattan, New York City in 1870 and 1871, and they involved violent conflict between Irish Protestants, called "Orangemen", and Irish Catholics, along with the New York City Police Department and the New York State National Guard. The riot caused the deaths of over 60 civilians – mostly Irish laborers – and three Guardsmen.

neg: Lorenzo Collins Lorenzo Collins (c. 1972 – February 28, 1997) was an African-American man with a history of mental illness who was shot by Cincinnati police while threatening officers with a brick, subsequently dying from his injuries five days later at age twenty-five. During the previous three months of his life Collins had been in and out of the Hamilton County mental health system. Many experts involved in the case believed that Collins, who was a violent psychotic, should never have been released from treatment to begin with. This case predated the 2001 Cincinnati riots by more than four years. The public criticism of the event was very heated, with one local community leader, Reverend James W. Jones, stating, "They let us blow off steam and then it's back to business as usual. This time the black community should shut this town down. Hell, it's time we stopped playing games." The police were not prosecuted for their actions.

neg: 2009 Temple Mount riots The 2009 Temple Mount riots by Muslim Palestinians erupted on 27 September 2009 and were ongoing as of 25 October. Violence spread through East Jerusalem and parts of the West Bank, and included throwing of Molotov cocktails and stones at Israeli security forces and civilians. Israeli police responded with arrests of rioters and sporadic age-based restriction of access to the Temple Mount. Several dozen rioters, police and Israeli civilians have been injured.

neg: 1980 Miami riots The 1980 Miami riots were race riots that occurred in Miami, Florida, starting in earnest on May 18, 1980, following the acquittal of four Miami-Dade Police officers in the death of Arthur McDuffie (December 3, 1946 – December 21, 1979). McDuffie, a black salesman and former Marine, died from injuries sustained at the hands of four white officers trying to arrest him after a high-speed chase. The officers were tried and acquitted for manslaughter and evidence tampering, among other charges. Subsequently, a race riot broke out in the black neighborhoods of Overtown and Liberty City in Miami. In 1981 Dade County paid McDuffie's family a settlement of $1.1 million after they filed a civil lawsuit against the officials. The 1980 Miami riots were the deadliest since the 1960s and remained such until the 1992 Los Angeles riots twelve years later.

neg: 2011 Imbaba church attacks The 2011 Imbaba church attacks were a series of attacks that took place on 7 May 2011 against Coptic Christian churches in the poor working-class neighborhood of Imbaba in Cairo, Egypt. The attacks were blamed on Salafi Muslims, and the attacks began when the Salafis attacked the Coptic Orthodox church of Saint Mina, where they alleged a Christian woman was being held against her will because she wanted to convert to Islam. The attacks resulted in the burning of 3 Coptic Orthodox churches, and the destruction of many Christian-owned houses and businesses. In addition, 15 people were killed in the attacks, and about 232 injured. Among those killed were four Christians and six Muslims, while two other bodies were still unidentified. Imbaba has been known to be a stronghold of Muslim fundamentalists since the 1970s, but also comprises a significant number of Coptic Christians.

neg: Chicago Fire of 1874 The Chicago Fire of 1874 was a conflagration in Chicago, Illinois, that took place on July 14, 1874. Reports of the extent of the damage vary somewhat, but sources generally agree that the fire burned forty-seven acres just south of the Loop, destroyed 812 structures and killed 20 people. The affected neighborhood had been home to Chicago's community of Jewish immigrants from Russia and Poland, as well as to a significant population of middle-class African-American families; both ethnic groups were displaced in the aftermath of the fire to other neighborhoods on the city's West and South Sides.

neg: Robert Charles riots The Robert Charles riots of July 24-27, 1900 in New Orleans, Louisiana were sparked after African American laborer Robert Charles fatally shot a white police officer and escaped arrest. A large manhunt for him ensued, and a white mob started rioting, attacking blacks throughout the city. The manhunt for Charles began after an altercation involving Charles, his roommate, and several New Orleans police officers on Monday, July 23, 1900, and ended when Charles was killed on Friday, July 27. A total of 28 people were killed in the riots, including Charles, shot by a special police volunteer. Other white men in the mob shot hundreds of bullets into his body and beat him beyond recognition. More than 50 people were wounded in the riots, including at least 11 who had to be hospitalized. Blacks made up most of the fatalities and casualties.

neg: 2001 Kampung Medan riots The 2001 Kampung Medan riots is a sectarian violence between the Indian and Malay that initially began in a small village of Kampung Medan located in Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia. The riot then further escalated and spread all the way through Kampung Gandhi, Kampung Lindungan , Kampung Datuk Harun, Taman Desa Ria and the surrounding of Jalan Klang Lama. The racial crisis then spread all the way through Petaling Jaya, Jalan Gasing, Kelana Jaya, Sungai Way, Bandar Sunway and Puchong. The riot started from 4 March until 13 March 2001. Photographs in Malaysiakini's possession are gruesome evidence of the extensive hurt, both physical and emotional, inflicted by the clashes.

neg: McLean Bible Church McLean Bible Church is a non-denominational, evangelical Christian megachurch with several locations in the Washington, DC metropolitan area. Lon Solomon, a Jewish convert to Christianity, has been MBC's senior pastor since 1980. Solomon also serves on the board of directors of Jews for Jesus and was appointed by President George W. Bush to the President's Committee for Intellectual Disabilities. An average of 13,000 adults attend each weekend at the church's five campus locations: Arlington County, Loudoun County, Prince William County, and Tyson's Corner, plus Montgomery County, Maryland.

neg: 1969 York race riot The 1969 York race riot refers to a period of racial unrest in York, Pennsylvania in July 1969.

neg: Great Railroad Strike of 1877 The Great Railroad Strike of 1877, sometimes referred to as the Great Upheaval, began on July 14 in Martinsburg, West Virginia, United States after the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad (B&O) cut wages for the third time in a year. This strike finally ended some 45 days later, after it was put down by local and state militias, and federal troops. Because of economic problems and pressure on wages by the railroads, workers in numerous other cities, in New York, Pennsylvania and Maryland, into Illinois and Missouri, also went out on strike. An estimated 100 people were killed in the unrest across the country. In Martinsburg, Pittsburgh, Philadelphia and other cities, workers burned down and destroyed both physical facilities and the rolling stock of the railroads—engines and railroad cars. Local populations feared that workers were rising in revolution such as the Paris Commune of 1871.

neg: 1948 Anti-Jewish riots in Tripolitania The 1948 Anti-Jewish riots in Tripolitania were riots between the Arab and Jewish communities of Tripoli and its surroundings in June 1948, during the British Military Administration in Libya. The events resulted in 13-14 Jews and 4 Arabs dead and destruction of 280 Jewish homes. The events occurred during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.

neg: Zion Zion (Hebrew: צִיּוֹן  Tsiyyon), also transliterated Sion, Sayon, Syon, Tzion or Tsion, is a placename often used as a synonym for Jerusalem. The word is first found in which dates from c.630–540 BC according to modern scholarship. It commonly referred to a specific hill in Jerusalem, (Mount Zion) located to the south of Mount Moriah or the Temple Mount, on which stood a Jebusite fortress of the same name that was conquered by David and was named the City of David. The hill ("mount") is one of the many squat hills that form Jerusalem, to include the Mount of Olives etc. In the past many centuries, that was the only section of Jerusalem inside city wall that was the Jewish quarter.

neg: 1966 Chicago West Side riots The 1966 Chicago West Side riots was a public disorder that occurred between July 12 and 15 in Chicago, Illinois. After police arrest a man was wanted for armed robbery, black residents took to the streets in anger and looted and burned various stores throughout the West Side until the arrival of 1,200 National Guardsmen on July 15. Violence quickly subsided and most of the troops were sent home on July 20.

neg: Mount Zion Baptist Church Mount Zion Baptist Church or Mt. Zion Missionary Baptist Church or variations may refer to:


query: In what conference does the university at which the Everglades Radio Network is based compete?

pos: Everglades Radio Network Everglades Radio Network was a network of travelers information stations serving the Alligator Alley segment of Interstate 75 in the Everglades region of Florida. Owned by the Florida Department of Transportation and jointly programmed by the FDOT and the Florida Department of Environmental Protection, the network was based at Florida Gulf Coast University in Ft. Myers. It consisted of two low-power FM radio stations, WFLP-LP 98.7 FM, licensed to the Collier County Rest Area (near Mile Marker 63) and WFLU-LP 107.9 FM in Miles City (Exit 80, State Road 29). The coverage area of the two transmitters covered most of Alligator Alley within Collier County.

pos: Florida Gulf Coast University Florida Gulf Coast University (FGCU) is a public university located in Fort Myers, Florida, United States, part of unincorporated Lee County. The university belongs to the 12-campus State University System of Florida. FGCU competes in the Atlantic Sun Conference in NCAA Division I sports and is accredited by the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools to award 56 different types of bachelor's, 25 different master's, 3 types of doctoral degrees and 11 certificates.

neg: Truman Bulldogs The Truman Bulldogs are the sports teams of Truman State University, located in Kirksville, Missouri. They participate in the NCAA's Division II and in the Great Lakes Valley Conference (GLVC), joining the conference in 2013 after having been a member of the Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletics Association (MIAA) since that league's creation in 1912.

neg: Miami Hurricanes The Miami Hurricanes (known informally as UM or UMiami or The U) are the varsity sports teams of the University of Miami, located in the Coral Gables suburb of Miami, Florida. They compete in the Coastal Division of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC). The university fields 15 athletic teams for 17 varsity sports. Men's teams compete in baseball, basketball, cross-country, diving, football, tennis, and track and field. Women's teams compete in basketball, cross-country, swimming and diving, golf, rowing, soccer, tennis, track and field, and volleyball. UM has approximately equal participation by male and female varsity athletes in these sports.

neg: Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University (ERAU) is a private university system offering associate, bachelor, master's, and PhD degree programs in arts and sciences, aviation, business, engineering, computer programming, cyber security and security and intelligence. It is the largest, fully accredited university system specializing in aviation and aerospace, and has campuses in Daytona Beach, Florida and Prescott, Arizona, and other locations.

neg: Anderson University (South Carolina) Anderson University is a selective private comprehensive university located in Anderson, South Carolina. The university offers bachelors, masters, and doctoral degrees in approximately 60 areas of study. Anderson is affiliated with the South Carolina Baptist Convention and is accredited as a Level V institution by the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. Anderson participates in the NCAA Division II athletics and is a member of the South Atlantic Conference.

neg: Southern Conference The Southern Conference (SoCon) is a collegiate athletic conference affiliated with the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I. Southern Conference football teams compete in the Football Championship Subdivision (formerly known as Division I-AA). Member institutions are located in the states of Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia.

neg: Florida State Seminoles women's soccer The Florida State Seminoles women's soccer team represents Florida State University (variously Florida State or FSU) in the sport of college soccer. The Seminoles compete in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletics Association (NCAA) and the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC).

neg: Pepperdine Waves men's basketball The Pepperdine Waves men's basketball team is the basketball team that represents Pepperdine University in Malibu, California, United States. The school's team currently competes in the West Coast Conference. The team's last appearance in the NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament was in 2002. Their home arena is the Firestone Fieldhouse. This is a multi-purpose facility that hosts volleyball, basketball, as well as other athletic events.

neg: SMU Mustangs football The SMU Mustangs football program is a college football team that represents Southern Methodist University (more commonly "SMU"). The team competes in the NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) as a member of the American Athletic Conference (The American).

neg: Valdosta State Blazers football The Valdosta State football team represents Valdosta State University in football. The Blazers are a member of the Gulf South Conference (GSC) in NCAA Division II. Valdosta State University has had a football team since 1981. The Blazers play in Bazemore–Hyder Stadium in Valdosta, Georgia, which has a capacity of 11,249. The Stadium is also the home of the historical Valdosta High School Wildcats, known as "the winningest high school football team in the country". The Blazers have won a total of three Division II National Championship titles (2004, 2007 and 2012).

neg: Shenandoah Hornets The Shenandoah Hornets are the athletic teams that represent Shenandoah University, located in Winchester, Virginia, in NCAA Division III intercollegiate sports. The Hornets compete as members of the Old Dominion Athletic Conference. Altogether, Shenandoah sponsors 19 sports: 9 for men and 10 for women. Previously, the Hornets were members of the USA South Athletic Conference.

neg: Texas Southern Tigers The Texas Southern Tigers represent Texas Southern University in Houston, Texas in intercollegiate athletics. They field sixteen teams including men and women's basketball, cross country, golf, and track and field; women's-only bowling, soccer, softball, tennis, and volleyball; and men's-only baseball and football. The Tigers compete in the NCAA Division I and are members of the Southwestern Athletic Conference.

neg: Florida Gators men's golf The Florida Gators men's golf team represents the University of Florida in the sport of golf. The Gators compete in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Southeastern Conference (SEC). They play their home matches on the Mark Bostick Golf Course on the university's Gainesville, Florida campus, and are currently led by first-year head coach J. C. Deacon. In the eighty-nine-year history of the Gators' men's golf program, they have won fifteen SEC championships and four NCAA national tournament championships.

neg: Iowa State University Iowa State University of Science and Technology, generally referred to as Iowa State, is a public flagship land-grant and space-grant research university located in Ames, Iowa, United States. It is the largest university in the state of Iowa and the 3rd largest university in the Big 12 athletic conference. Iowa State is classified as a Research University with very high research activity (RU/VH) by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. Iowa State is also a member of the Association of American Universities (AAU), which consists of 62 leading research universities in North America. Iowa State has also been designated an "Innovation and Economic Prosperity University," a designation awarded to only 54 public universities in the U.S.

neg: Limestone Saints The Limestone Saints are the athletic teams that represent Limestone College, located in Gaffney, South Carolina, in NCAA Division II intercollegiate sporting competitions. The Saints compete as members of Conference Carolinas for most sports, which Limestone has been a member of since 1998. The swim team competes in the Bluegrass Mountain Conference, and the field hockey and wrestling teams are members of the ECAC–Division II. The football team competes as an independent, but has a scheduling agreement (2015-2018) with the South Atlantic Conference.

neg: Mid-Florida Conference The Mid–Florida Conference is a conference within the National Junior College Athletic Association Region 8. The conference consists of seven state colleges located in Florida.

neg: Akron Zips women's basketball The Akron Zips women's basketball team represents the University of Akron in women's basketball. The school competes in the Mid-American Conference in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The Zips play home basketball games at the James A. Rhodes Arena in Akron, Ohio.

neg: Jacksonville State Gamecocks women's basketball The Jacksonville State Gamecocks women's basketball team is the men's basketball team that represents Jacksonville State University in Jacksonville, Alabama. The school's team currently competes in the Ohio Valley Conference.

neg: Davenport Panthers The Davenport Panthers are the athletic teams of Davenport University located in Caledonia Township, Michigan. DU is a member of the NAIA and the Wolverine-Hoosier Athletic Conference for most sports. In addition to NAIA sports, DU also offers additional sports that the NAIA does not currently sponsor championships for. Men's lacrosse is a member of the MCLA Division I in the Central Collegiate Lacrosse Association; women's lacrosse is a member of the National Women's Lacrosse League (NWLL). Men's rugby competes at the Division I level of USA Rugby's Midwest Rugby Union, as well as a JV team at the DII level. Men's ice hockey competes in the ACHA Division I in the Great Lakes Collegiate Hockey League (GLCHL), as well as a JV team at the ACHA DIII level.

neg: Florida Atlantic Owls men's basketball The Florida Atlantic Owls basketball team represents Florida Atlantic University, an NCAA Division I college basketball team, that competes in Conference USA.

neg: Coastal Carolina Chanticleers women's basketball The Coastal Carolina Chanticleers women's basketball team is the women's basketball team that represents Coastal Carolina University in Conway, South Carolina, United States. The school's team currently competes in the Sun Belt Conference.


query: The Gävle goat is a giant version of a Yule Goat which is a Scandinavian and Northern European Yule and Christmas symbol and tradition, what country is the Gävle goat located in?

pos: Gävle goat The Gävle Goat (Swedish: "Gävlebocken" ) is a traditional Christmas display erected annually at Slottstorget (Castle Square) in central Gävle, Sweden. It is a giant version of a traditional Swedish Yule Goat figure made of straw. It is erected each year at the beginning of Advent over a period of two days by local community groups, and has become famous for being destroyed in arson attacks during December. Despite security measures and the nearby presence of a fire station, the goat has been burned to the ground most years since its first appearance in 1966. As of December 2016, the goat has been damaged 37 times.

pos: Yule Goat The Yule goat is a Scandinavian and Northern European Yule and Christmas symbol and tradition. Its origin may be Germanic pagan and has existed in many variants during Scandinavian history. Modern representations of the Yule goat are typically made of straw.

neg: Norwegian Red Norwegian Red (Norwegian: "Norsk rødt fe") is a breed of dairy cattle developed in Norway since 1935. Since the 1970s, breeders strongly emphasized functional and production traits resulting in excellent production combined with world-leading performance in health and fertility traits. Norwegian Red cows can have either a red and white or black coat and have a high proportion of genetically polled animals.

neg: Messinese The Messinese is an indigenous breed of domestic goat from the area of the Monti Nebrodi and the Monti Peloritani in the province of Messina, in the Mediterranean island of Sicily, in southern Italy. It is raised mainly in those areas, but also in the provinces of Catania, Enna and Palermo. Its range partly overlaps that of the Argentata dell'Etna. The breed was officially recognised and a herd-book established in 2001. It was previously known either as the Capra dei Nebrodi (in that area) or in general as the Siciliana Comune.

neg: Chamois Coloured goat The Chamois Coloured Goat, French: Chèvre chamoisée , German: Gämsfarbige Gebirgsziege , Italian: Camosciata delle Alpi , is an indigenous breed of domestic goat from Switzerland. It is distributed throughout Switzerland and in parts of northern Italy and Austria, and has been exported to other countries including France. There are two strains, a horned type from the Grisons or Graubünden in the eastern part of the country, and a hornless type from the former bezirk of Oberhasli and the area of Brienz and Lake Brienz in the Bernese Oberland in central Switzerland. In some countries the hornless variety may be considered a separate breed, the Oberhasli goat. The Swiss herd-book was established in 1930.

neg: Swedish Landrace goat The Swedish Landrace ("Svensk Lantras ") goat breed from northern Sweden is used for the production of milk, which is used to make types of goat cheese.

neg: Caganer A Caganer (] , ] ) is a figurine depicted in the act of defecation appearing in nativity scenes in Catalonia and neighbouring areas with Catalan culture such as Andorra, Valencia, and Northern Catalonia (in southern France). It is most popular and widespread in these areas, but can also be found in other areas of Spain (Murcia), Portugal, and southern Italy (Naples).

neg: Nordic House in the Faroe Islands The Nordic House (Faroese: "Norðurlandahúsið" ) is the most important cultural institution in the Faroe Islands. Its aim is to support and promote Nordic and Faroese culture, locally and in the Nordic region

neg: Sempione goat The Sempione is a rare breed of domestic goat from the mountains of Piemonte in north-western Italy and the neighbouring area of Simplon in the canton of Valais in Switzerland; Sempione is the Italian name for Simplon. The Sempione goat is well documented in photographs from the early twentieth century, but is now thought to be close to extinction, and has more than once been considered extinct. Examples were recorded at Saliceto di Cravagliana in the province of Vercelli in 1983, and others have since been identified in the province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola, particularly in the Val Divedro and the upper Ossola.

neg: Yule log (cake) A "Yule log" (or bûche de Noël ] ) is a traditional dessert served near Christmas, especially in Belgium, France, Switzerland, Quebec and several former French colonies. Made of sponge cake to resemble a miniature actual Yule log, it is a form of sweet roulade.

neg: Garganica The Garganica is a breed of domestic goat which originated on the Gargano promontory in the Puglia region of southern Italy. From there it has spread to other parts of Puglia and to neighbouring regions.

neg: Snøfrisk Snøfrisk is a Norwegian goat cheese made by Tine.

neg: Denmark Denmark ( ; Danish: "Danmark" , ] ), officially the Kingdom of Denmark, is a Nordic country and a sovereign state. The southernmost of the Scandinavian nations, it is south-west of Sweden and south of Norway, and bordered to the south by Germany. The Kingdom of Denmark also comprises two autonomous constituent countries in the North Atlantic Ocean: the Faroe Islands and Greenland. Denmark proper consists of a peninsula, Jutland, and an archipelago of 443 named islands, with the largest being Zealand, Funen and the North Jutlandic Island. The islands are characterised by flat, arable land and sandy coasts, low elevation and a temperate climate. Denmark has an area of 42924 km2 , total area including Greenland and the Faroe Islands is 2210579 km2 , and a population of 5.75 million (as of 2017 ).

neg: Père Noël Père Noël (] ), "Father Christmas", sometimes called Papa Noël ("Daddy Christmas"), is a legendary gift-bringer at Christmas in France and other French-speaking areas, identified with the Father Christmas and/or Santa Claus of English-speaking territories. Though they were traditionally different, all of them are now the same character, with different names, and the shared characteristics of a red outfit, workshop at the North Pole, and team of reindeer.

neg: Ringamålako The Ringamålako is an endangered Swedish breed of dairy cattle. It is named for the village of Ringamåla in the southern Swedish county of Blekinge, and is found primarily in southern Sweden. It is similar to the type of Swedish Red-and-White cattle of the 1940s, and is considered a valuable genetic resource.

neg: Swissveg Swissveg (previously Swiss Association for Vegetarism (SVV) is a Swiss association in the legal context of article 60ff of the Swiss civil code (SCC), where members are exclusively vegetarians. The association has its registered office in Winterthur, together with the secretary of the European Vegetarian Union (EVU). The president is Renato Pichler, who is also on the board of EVU. The CEO of Swissveg is Bernadette Raschle. Swissveg is the biggest community in Switzerland for vegetarians. According to Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Switzerland has the second highest rate of vegetarianism in the European Union (even though Switzerland is not in the EU, it was most likely included with the other EU countries for this study). Older governmental data from 1997 suggest that 2.3% of the population never eat meat and the observed trend seemed to point towards less meat consumption. Newer studies suggest that the percentage of vegetarians has risen to 5% by 2007.

neg: Sirohi goat The Sirohi goat is a compact, medium-sized breed native to the Sirohi district of Rajasthan located in western India.

neg: Brynäs IF Fotboll Brynäs IF is a Swedish football club located in Gävle.

neg: Julbocken (song) Julbocken, with the opening lines ""En jul när mor var liten"", is a Christmas song written by Alice Tegnér. The lyrics describe a time when the "Julbocken" (Yule goat or Christmas goat) was still a more popular Christmas gift-bringer in Sweden than the "Jultomten" (Christmas elves or gnomes) or Santa Claus. The lyrics describe the goat giving presents, a doll for "Mother" when she was a child, who was frightened when the goat jumped; and for her brother, a drum and a trumpet. When the goat is old, he returns to "Mother", who now has children of her own.

neg: Gloucester cattle Gloucester cattle are a breed of dairy and beef cattle originating from Gloucestershire and surrounding areas in the West Country of England.

neg: Gaur The gaur ( , "Bos gaurus"), also called Indian bison, is the largest extant bovine, native to the Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia. It has been listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List since 1986. Population decline in parts of its range is likely to be more than 70% during the last three generations. However, population trends are stable in well-protected areas, and are rebuilding in a few areas which previously had been neglected.

neg: Väneko The Väneko is an endangered Swedish breed of dairy cattle. It is named for the village of Väne-Ryr in the landskap of Västergötland, in western Sweden. It is a traditional domestic Swedish breed, and derives from a group of cattle discovered in the 1990s, at a time when all traditional Swedish horned cattle were thought to have disappeared.


query: "Simpsons Already Did It" is the seventh episode of the sixth season of the American animated television series "South Park", and the 86th episode of the series overall, which main character in the Comedy Central series "South Park"?

pos: Simpsons Already Did It "Simpsons Already Did It" is the seventh episode of the sixth season of the American animated television series "South Park", and the 86th episode of the series overall. It originally aired on Comedy Central in the United States on June 26, 2002. In the episode, which continues on from the events of the previous episode "Professor Chaos", Butters thinks up a series of schemes to take over the world, but realizes that each one has already been performed on "The Simpsons". Meanwhile, Ms. Choksondik dies and Cartman, Kyle and Stan think that they are responsible.

pos: Kyle Broflovski Kyle Broflovski (sometimes spelled Kyel Broflovski, Broslovski, Broslofski, Brovlofski or Broflofski) is a main character in the Comedy Central series "South Park". He is voiced by and loosely based on co-creator Matt Stone. Kyle is one of the show's four central characters, along with his friends Stan Marsh, Kenny McCormick, and Eric Cartman. He debuted on television when "South Park" first aired on August 13, 1997, after having first appeared in "The Spirit of Christmas" shorts created by Stone and long-time collaborator Trey Parker in 1992 ("Jesus vs. Frosty") and 1995 ("Jesus vs. Santa").

neg: Sarcastaball "Sarcastaball" is the eighth episode of the sixteenth season of the American animated television series "South Park", and the 231st episode of the series overall. It premiered on Comedy Central in the United States on September 26, 2012 and is rated TV-MA L. In the episode, Randy Marsh, concerned over drastic changes to elementary school football, creates a new version of the game that quickly becomes the nation's most popular sport, and which produces a particularly gifted student-athlete, while Randy deals with an inability to speak without sarcasm.

neg: Do the Handicapped Go to Hell? "Do the Handicapped Go to Hell?" is the ninth episode of the fourth season of the animated television series "South Park", and 57th episode of the series overall. "Do the Handicapped Go to Hell?" originally aired in the United States on July 19, 2000 on Comedy Central. It is the first part of a two-part episode, which concludes in the following episode "Probably". It links the events and some of the characters of the "" into the animated series. This episode is rated TV-MA in the United States.

neg: Where My Country Gone? "Where My Country Gone?" is the second episode of the nineteenth season of the animated television series "South Park", and the 259th episode overall, written and directed by series co-creator Trey Parker. The episode premiered on Comedy Central on September 23, 2015. It parodies illegal immigration to the United States and the 2016 presidential candidacy of Donald Trump, along with Caitlyn Jenner and political correctness.

neg: Randy and Sharon Marsh Randy Marsh and Sharon Marsh (née Kimble) are fictional characters in the animated television series "South Park". They are the most prominent set of parents on the show and a middle-class married couple who raise their 10-year-old son Stan and 13-year-old daughter Shelly in the fictional town of South Park, Colorado. Their first names are derived from the first names of series co-creator Trey Parker's parents, and Parker describes Randy as "the biggest dingbat in the entire show". According to the season 16 episode "Reverse Cowgirl", the Marsh home address is 260 Avenidas de los Mexicanos.

neg: Dead Celebrities "Dead Celebrities" is the eighth episode of the thirteenth season of the American animated television series "South Park". The 189th overall episode of the series, it originally aired on Comedy Central in the United States on October 7, 2009. In the episode, Ike is haunted by the ghosts of dead celebrities until Michael Jackson, who refuses to accept death, possesses him.

neg: Stan Marsh Stanley Randall "Stan" Marsh is the protagonist of the animated television series "South Park". He is voiced by and loosely based on series co-creator Trey Parker. Stan is one of the show's four central characters, along with his friends Kyle Broflovski, Kenny McCormick and Eric Cartman. He debuted on television when "South Park" first aired on August 13, 1997, after having first appeared in "The Spirit of Christmas" shorts created by Parker and long-time collaborator Matt Stone in 1992 ("Jesus vs. Frosty") and 1995 ("Jesus vs. Santa").

neg: List of Family Guy characters "Family Guy" is an American animated comedy series created by Seth MacFarlane for the Fox Broadcasting Company. Characters are listed only once, normally under the first applicable subsection in the list; very minor characters are listed with a more regular character with whom they are associated.

neg: A Piñata Named Desire "A Piñata Named Desire" is the eleventh episode of the seventh season of the animated comedy series "American Dad!". It first aired on Fox in the United States on February 13, 2011. This episode mainly centers on Roger and Stan, who begin to experience tensions growing against each other for the dominant figure in the house. Roger becomes tired of Stan's stance as the authoritarian figure of the house, and he challenges Stan's leadership qualities. Stan insists that he is better at Roger at everything, and he tells him that he has a mission that involves acting. Unknown to Stan, Roger spies on him, only to find out that Stan is a terrible actor. Roger later boasts to the house that he is a better actor than Stan, but he eventually teaches him to improve his acting skills. Meanwhile, Steve and his friends plan to throw their last slumber party together.

neg: South Park (season 5) Season five of "South Park", an American animated television series created by Trey Parker and Matt Stone, began airing on June 20, 2001. The fifth season concluded after 14 episodes on December 12, 2001. The 14-episode season length would become a standard for later years of the series (up until the seventeenth season).

neg: List of The Simpsons episodes "The Simpsons" is an American animated television sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company. It is a satirical depiction of a middle class American lifestyle epitomized by its eponymous family, which consists of Homer, Marge, Bart, Lisa, and Maggie. The show is set in the fictional town of Springfield, and lampoons American culture, society, and television, as well as many aspects of the human condition. The family was conceived by Groening shortly before a pitch for a series of animated shorts with producer James L. Brooks. Groening created a dysfunctional family and named the characters after members of his own family, substituting Bart for his own name. The shorts became a part of the Fox series "The Tracey Ullman Show" on April 19, 1987. After a three-season run, the sketch was developed into a half-hour prime-time show that was an early hit for Fox.

neg: List of Regular Show characters "Regular Show" is an American animated series created by J. G. Quintel. The series contains many characters, with seven main characters and various recurring and one-time characters.

neg: The Biggest Douche in the Universe "The Biggest Douche in the Universe" is the 15th episode of the sixth season and the 94th overall episode of the Comedy Central animated series "South Park". It was first broadcast on November 27, 2002 and was the last in a mini-arc depicting Cartman being occasionally possessed by Kenny. The episode is centered on Liane Cartman and Chef attempting to exorcise Kenny's soul while Stan deals with trying to debunk self-proclaimed psychic John Edward, whom the entire crew of South Park Studios agreed to be "the biggest douche in the universe." The episode is rated TV-MA in the United States, except on syndicated broadcasts, where the episode is rated TV-14, instead.

neg: Imaginationland Episode III "Imaginationland Episode III" is the twelfth episode in the eleventh season of Comedy Central's animated television series "South Park". It originally aired on October 31, 2007. It is the third and final episode in a three-part story arc that won the 2008 Emmy for Outstanding Animated Program for One Hour or More. The three episodes were later reissued together, along with previously unreleased footage, as the uncensored "".

neg: Raising the Bar (South Park) "Raising the Bar" is the ninth episode of the sixteenth season of the American animated satire "South Park", and the 232nd episode of the series overall. It premiered on Comedy Central in the United States on October 3, 2012 and is rated TV-MA L. The episode won the 2013 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program.

neg: The Return of Chef "The Return of Chef" is the first episode in the tenth season of the American animated television series "South Park". The 140th episode of the series overall, it first aired on Comedy Central in the United States on March 22, 2006. The episode was the first after the departure of actor Isaac Hayes, who voiced the character Chef. Hayes, a Scientologist, left after a falling-out with the creators over their treatment of Scientology in the previous season's episode "Trapped in the Closet". Scientology has been accused of using brainwashing techniques, and the episode portrays Chef as having been brainwashed.

neg: Opposites A-Frack "Opposites A-Frack" is the fifth episode in the 26th season of the animated series "The Simpsons", and the 557th episode of the series overall. It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on November 2, 2014.

neg: Professor Chaos "Professor Chaos" is the sixth episode of the sixth season of the Comedy Central series "South Park" and the 85th episode of the series overall. It originally aired on April 10, 2002. The boys hold a contest to try to find a replacement for Butters, who becomes a supervillain after being fired from the group as the replacement Kenny. The show also parodies "The Bachelor."

neg: South Park (season 18) The eighteenth season of the American animated sitcom "South Park" premiered on Comedy Central on September 24, 2014 with "Go Fund Yourself", and ended with "#HappyHolograms" on December 10, 2014, with a total of ten episodes. The season featured serial elements and recurring story lines, which "The A.V. Club" noted as an experimentation with episode-to-episode continuity, in which the episodes "explore the consequences of the boys' actions [week to week], allowing the plots to be motivated in part by their attempts to dig themselves out of a hole".

neg: Big Gay Al's Big Gay Boat Ride "Big Gay Al's Big Gay Boat Ride" is the fourth episode in the first season of the American animated television series "South Park". It originally aired on September 3, 1997 on Comedy Central in the United States. The episode was written by series co-founders Trey Parker and Matt Stone, and directed by Parker. In this episode, Stan's dog, Sparky, is revealed to be gay after humping a rival male dog. Under peer pressure, Stan tries to make him more masculine, and as a result, Sparky runs away and ends up at Big Gay Al's Big Gay Animal Sanctuary. Stan comes to understand homosexuality and tries to make everyone in South Park accept it.

neg: Krusty the Clown Herschel Shmoikel Pinchas Yerucham Krustofsky, better known as Krusty the Clown (sometimes spelled as Krusty the Klown), is a cartoon character in the animated television series "The Simpsons". He is voiced by Dan Castellaneta. He is the long-time clown host of Bart and Lisa's favorite TV show, a combination of kiddie variety television hijinks and cartoons including "The Itchy & Scratchy Show". Krusty is often portrayed as a cynical, burnt-out, addiction-riddled smoker who is made miserable by show business but continues on anyway. He has become one of the most common characters outside of the main Simpson family and has been the focus of several episodes, most of which also spotlight Bart.