query: Park Dietz testified in the criminal case against this man whom  was associated with members of the American Mafia

pos: Park Dietz Park Dietz (born 1948) is a forensic psychiatrist who has consulted or testified in many of the highest profile US criminal cases including Joel Rifkin, Arthur Shawcross, Jeffrey Dahmer, The Unabomber, Richard Kuklinski, the Beltway sniper attacks, and Jared Lee Loughner.

pos: Richard Kuklinski Richard Leonard Kuklinski (April 11, 1935 – March 5, 2006) was an American contract killer and serial killer who was convicted of murdering five people, though he likely killed at least several dozen more. He was associated with members of the American Mafia, namely the DeCavalcante crime family of Newark, New Jersey, and the Five Families of New York City.

neg: John Dillinger John Herbert Dillinger ( ; June 22, 1903 – July 22, 1934) was an American gangster in the Depression-era United States. He operated with a group of men known as the Dillinger Gang or Terror Gang, which was accused of robbing 24 banks and four police stations, among other activities. Dillinger escaped from jail twice. He was also charged with, but never convicted of, the murder of an East Chicago, Indiana, police officer who shot Dillinger in his bullet-proof vest during a shootout, prompting him to return fire; despite his infamy, it was Dillinger's only homicide charge.

neg: Hollywood Stuntz gang assault On September 29, 2013, Alexian Lien was assaulted while in his car on Henry Hudson Parkway in New York City. Lien had gotten into an altercation with motorcyclists who were participating in a rally called "Hollywood's Block Party". One of the bikers pulled in front of Lien and slowed dramatically. Lien said that he struck the bike from behind, stopped his vehicle, and was quickly surrounded by bikers, who began beating on his SUV. He testified that he feared for his life so he accelerated, running over several bikes and striking one of the bikers, paralyzing him. A chase ensued, ending in Lien being pulled from his vehicle and beaten. The media later reported that the involved bikers were members of a loose association of high-performance motorcycle enthusiasts known as "Hollywood Stuntz" who had previously been observed and filmed engaging in reckless driving and threatening motorists.

neg: Harry Keywell Harry Keywell, (December 8, 1910 – August 30, 1997), was a convicted member of Detroit's infamous Purple Gang, which terrorized Detroit during Prohibition. Chicago Police questioned him about the infamous St. Valentine's Day Massacre in February 1929, on the suspicion that Keywell acted as a lookout for the killers, however Harry had a cast-iron alibi for the day.

neg: Michael Rizzitello Michael Anthony Rizzitello (March 15, 1929 – October 26, 2005), also known as "Mike Rizzi", was an Italian American mobster in the Los Angeles crime family. Rizzitello's criminal record stretched back to 1947. He was also featured in several biography novels by mobsters-turned-informants Jimmy Fratianno ("The Last Mafioso" and "Vengeance Is Mine"), Anthony Fiato ("The Animal in Hollywood"), and Kenny Gallo ("Breakshot").

neg: Gaston Means Gaston Bullock Means (July 11, 1879 – December 12, 1938) was an American private detective, salesman, bootlegger, forger, swindler, murder suspect, blackmailer, and con artist.

neg: Louis Pioggi Louis "Louie the Lump" Pioggi (April 24, 1889 – May 15, 1969) was a New York criminal and member of the Five Points Gang, known most prominently for the murder of Eastman Gang leader Max "Kid Twist" Zwerbach and Vach "Cyclone Louie" Lewis. He appears in newspaper accounts and public records as Louis Poggi.

neg: Abe Reles Abraham "Kid Twist" Reles ( ; May 10, 1906 – November 12, 1941) was a New York mobster who was widely considered the most feared hit man for Murder, Inc., the enforcement contractor for the National Crime Syndicate.

neg: Ronald Ebens Ronald Madis Ebens (born October 30, 1939), with his stepson, Michael Nitz, as an accomplice, murdered Vincent Chin, a Chinese American, on June 19, 1982. This led to a federal indictment for violating Vincent Chin's civil rights, but only after public outrage at the probationary sentence and small fine imposed by Michigan Third Circuit Court Judge Charles Kaufman. This sentence could not be reversed due to the Fifth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, which prohibits double jeopardy.

neg: Salvatore Contorno Salvatore ""Totuccio"" Contorno (born 28 May 1946) is a former member of the Sicilian Mafia who turned into a state witness against Cosa Nostra in October 1984, following the example of Tommaso Buscetta. He gave detailed accounts of the inner-workings of the Sicilian Mafia. His testimonies were crucial in the Maxi Trial against the Sicilian Mafia in Palermo and the Pizza Connection trial in New York in the mid-1980s.

neg: John Zancocchio John "Porky" Zancocchio (born 1958) is a New York mobster with the Bonanno crime family mobster who is a loanshark and a bookmaker. One of Zancocchio gaming clients was U.S Major League Baseball player Pete Rose.

neg: Havana Conference The Havana Conference of 1946 was a historic meeting of United States Mafia and Cosa Nostra leaders in Havana, Cuba. Supposedly arranged by Charles "Lucky" Luciano, the conference was held to discuss important mob policies, rules, and business interests. The Havana Conference was attended by delegations representing crime families throughout the United States. The conference was held during the week of December 22, 1946 at the Hotel Nacional. The Havana Conference is considered to have been the most important mob summit since the Atlantic City Conference of 1929. Decisions made in Havana resonated throughout the US crime families for the ensuing decades.

neg: Raymond Martorano Raymond Martorano (born Ignazio Raymond Anthony Martorano; 1927 - February 5, 2002) was an Italian-American mobster based in Philadelphia. He is notable for his role in the methamphetamines trade, as well as his relations with several notable members of the city's underworld. He was also a valuable asset to the Scarfo crime family, due to his connections with the K&A Gang (through John Berkery), Chelsais Bouras, the Pagans MC, and the Junior Black Mafia.

neg: Frankie Carbo Paul John Carbo (born Paolo Giovanni Carbo on August 10, 1904 – died November 22, 1976), better known as "Frankie Carbo", was a New York City Mafia soldier in the Lucchese crime family, who operated as a boxing promoter and a gunman with Murder, Inc.

neg: Luciano Leggio Luciano Leggio (] ; 6 January 1925 – 15 November 1993) was an Italian criminal and leading figure of the Sicilian Mafia. He was the head of the Corleonesi, the Mafia faction that originated in the town of Corleone. He's universally known with the surname Liggio, a result of a misspelling in court documents in the 1960s.

neg: Morris Kessler Morris L. Kessler (January 6, 1912 – September 30, 1935) was an American mobster and member of Joseph Amberg's gang in Brooklyn during the early 1930s. As Amberg's personal chauffeur and bodyguard, Kessler was a close associate in his organization until he was killed alongside his boss at a Brownsville auto garage by members of Murder, Inc. in 1935. The gangland slayings of Kessler and Amberg were among the first major contract killings committed by Murder, Inc. and was one of the most publicized of the era.

neg: Philadelphia crime family The Philadelphia crime family, (pronounced ] ) also known as the Philadelphia Mafia, the Philly Mob/Mafia, the Bruno-Scarfo family, the South Philly Mob/Mafia, or the Philadelphia-South Jersey Mob/Mafia is an Italian American criminal organization based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Formed and based in South Philadelphia, the family primarily operates in various areas and neighborhoods throughout the Philadelphia metropolitan area and Delaware Valley, Southeastern Pennsylvania, and New Jersey, especially South Jersey. The Philadelphia family is notorious for its violence, due in particular to its succession of violent bosses and multiple mob wars.

neg: Philadelphia Greek Mob Philadelphia's Greek Mob, or the Greek Mafia, are a low-profile criminal organization of ethnic Greek Americans in Philadelphia with alleged connections to the Italian Philadelphia crime family. They were formed in southern Greece by the original boss Steve Kondonyanis. Kondonyanis also had strong ties with the Efthimiades family of Macedonia in Northern Greece. When the Efthimiades family was run out of power in the 1960s, Kondonyanis decided to move his operations to the culturally diverse America. When Kondonyanis was sentenced to jail to serve life for murder, mobster Chelsais Bouras took over.

neg: Vito Genovese Vito "Don Vitone" Genovese (November 27, 1897 – February 14, 1969) was an Italian-American mobster who rose to power during Prohibition as an enforcer in the American Mafia. A long time associate of Charles Luciano, Genovese took part in the Castellammarese War and helped shape the rise of the Mafia and organized crime in the United States. He would later lead Luciano's crime family, which was renamed the Genovese crime family, for 12 years.

neg: Frank Locascio Frank "Frankie Loc" Locascio (born 1933) is a New York mobster who became the Consigliere to the Gambino crime family, under boss to John Gotti. He was one of Gotti's closest lieutenants.

neg: Winter Hill Gang The Winter Hill Mafia is a structured confederation of Boston, Massachusetts–area organized crime figures, predominantly Irish-American and Italian-American. It derives its name from the Winter Hill neighborhood of Somerville, Massachusetts north of Boston. Its members have included notorious Boston gangsters Buddy McLean, Whitey Bulger, Howie Winter, Joe McDonald, Johnny Martorano, and Stephen Flemmi. They were most influential from 1965 under the rule of McLean and Winter until the takeover led by Bulger in 1979.


query: Were Laurence Olivier and Matt Stone both actors and directors?

pos: Laurence Olivier Laurence Kerr Olivier, Baron Olivier, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} ( ; 22 May 1907 – 11 July 1989) was an English actor and director who, along with his contemporaries Ralph Richardson and John Gielgud, dominated the British stage of the mid-20th century. He also worked in films throughout his career, playing more than fifty cinema roles. Late in his career, he had considerable success in television roles.

pos: Matt Stone Matthew Richard Stone (born May 26, 1971) is an American actor, animator, writer, director, producer, singer, and songwriter. He is known for co-creating "South Park" (1997–present) along with his creative partner Trey Parker, as well as co-writing the Tony Award-winning musical "The Book of Mormon" (2011). Stone was interested in film and music as a child, and attended the University of Colorado, Boulder following high school, where he met Parker. The two collaborated on various short films, and starred in a feature-length musical, titled "Cannibal! The Musical" (1993).

neg: Leigh Lawson Allan Leigh Lawson (born 21 July 1945) is a British film and stage actor, director and writer.

neg: Mark Linn-Baker Mark Linn-Baker (born June 17, 1954) is an American actor and director who played Benjy Stone in the film "My Favorite Year" and Larry Appleton in the television sitcom "Perfect Strangers".

neg: 1982 Laurence Olivier Awards The 1982 Society of West End Theatre Awards were held in 1982 in London celebrating excellence in West End theatre by the Society of West End Theatre. The awards would not become the Laurence Olivier Awards, as they are known today, until the 1984 ceremony.

neg: Laurence Olivier Award for Best Director of a Musical Laurence Olivier Award for Best Director of a Musical

neg: Jamie Stone (film director) Jamie Magnus Stone (born 15 December 1985) is a Scottish film director and animator, who studied at the National Film and Television School. He is the son of Scottish broadcaster Sally Magnusson and film director Norman Stone and grandson of Magnus Magnusson.

neg: Heaven & Earth (1993 film) Heaven & Earth is a 1993 American biographical war drama film written and directed by Oliver Stone, and starring Tommy Lee Jones, Haing S. Ngor, Joan Chen, and Hiep Thi Le. It is the third and final film in Stone's Vietnam War trilogy, which also includes "Platoon" (1986) and "Born on the Fourth of July" (1989).

neg: Laurence Olivier Award for Best Lighting Design The Laurence Olivier Award for Best Lighting Design is an annual award presented by The Society of London Theatre in recognition of achievements in commercial British theatre. The awards were established as the Society of West End Theatre Awards in 1976, and, renamed in 1984 in honour of English actor Lord Olivier.

neg: Laurence Olivier Award for Best Comedy Performance Laurence Olivier Award for Best Comedy Performance

neg: Julien Temple Julien Andrew Temple (born 26 November 1952) is an English film, documentary and music video director. He began his career with short films featuring the Sex Pistols, and has continued with various off-beat projects, including "The Great Rock 'n' Roll Swindle", "Absolute Beginners" and a documentary film about "Glastonbury".

neg: Olivier Sitruk Olivier Sitruk (born December 25, 1970 in Nice, Alpes-Maritimes, France), is a French comedian, actor, and producer, who has appeared in 44 films and television shows.

neg: Matt Mahurin Matt Mahurin (born January 31, 1959, Santa Cruz, California) is an American illustrator, photographer and film director. Mahurin's illustrations appear in "Time", "Newsweek", "Mother Jones", "Rolling Stone", "Esquire", "Forbes", and "The New York Times".

neg: Alexander Mercury Alexander Mercury ("né" Alexander Terentyev; born 5 September 1983) is a Russian-British actor and director.

neg: Chris William Martin Christopher "Chris" William Martin (born January 17, 1975), also known as Corky Martin, is a Canadian actor. He has appeared on a number of television series, including "Felicity" and "The L Word", as well as leading the 2002 Canadian series, "Tom Stone".

neg: Julian Stone Julian Stone (born 31 December 1962) is an English actor.

neg: Stonem Stonem may refer to one of two characters in the British teen drama "Skins".

neg: Malcolm McDowell Malcolm McDowell (born Malcolm John Taylor; 13 June 1943) is an English actor, known for his boisterous and sometimes villainous roles. He trained as an actor at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art.

neg: Stone (TV series) Stone is an American police drama that aired on ABC on Monday nights between January 14 and March 31, 1980. The series was a Stephen J. Cannell Productions in association with Gerry Productions, Inc. and Universal Television (it was Cannell's last series before he went independent) and was created by Cannell, Richard Levinson and William Link.

neg: Alan Stone (opera director) Alan Stone (April 28, 1929 – July 9, 2008) was an American opera director, opera singer, and vocal coach. Born and raised in Chicago, Stone notably founded the Chicago Opera Theater in 1974. He served as the company's artistic director for almost two decades, stepping down from the position in 1993 after health problem stemming from a 1984 stroke made it impossible for him to continue.

neg: Matt Ross (actor) Matthew Brandon "Matt" Ross (born January 3, 1970) is an American actor, director and screenwriter. He wrote and directed the feature film "Captain Fantastic", starring Viggo Mortensen, for which he won Un Certain Regard (recognition of young talent) at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival.

neg: Matt Henry (singer) Matt Henry is a British singer and actor who won an Olivier award for playing Lola in the London production of the musical "Kinky Boots".


query: Which company serves more people, ICICI Bank or First Union?

pos: ICICI Bank ICICI Bank, stands for Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India, is an Indian multinational banking and financial services company headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, with its registered office in Vadodara. In 2014, it was the second largest bank in India in terms of assets and third in term of market capitalisation. It offers a wide range of banking products and financial services for corporate and retail customers through a variety of delivery channels and specialised subsidiaries in the areas of investment banking, life, non-life insurance, venture capital and asset management. The bank has a network of 4,850 branches and 14,404 ATMs in India, and has a presence in 19 countries including India.

pos: First Union First Union Corporation was a bank holding company that provided commercial and retail banking services in eleven states in the eastern U.S. First Union also provided various other financial services, including mortgage banking, credit card, investment banking (First Union Securities), investment advisory, home equity lending, asset-based lending, leasing, insurance, international and securities brokerage services and private equity (First Union Capital Partners), through other subsidiaries.

neg: Union Bank of Jamaica Union Bank of Jamaica in Jamaica was the result of a merger in 2000 of the business of four FINSAC controlled commercial banks and their three allied merchant banks, all seven of which sought Government intervention when faced with insolvency: Citizens Bank; Eagle Commercial Bank; Island Victoria Bank; Workers Savings & Loan Bank; Citizens Merchant Bank; Corporate Merchant Bank; and Island Life Merchant Bank. Citizens Bank had started in 1967 as Jamaica Citizens Bank, the first Jamaican-owned bank. The US bank, Citizens and Southern had taken a 49% stake, and local interests owned 51%. At some point Citizens & Southern was forced to sell its shares to local interests. Eagle Commercial Bank had been established in 1968, and Island Victoria Bank in 1993.

neg: Bank Employees Federation of India Bank Employees Federation of India (BEFI) is a bank trade union consisting of employees of commercial banks, Reserve Bank of India, NABARD, regional rural banks and co-operative banks. The federation espouses the causes concerning service conditions of bank employees, development of the banking industry, defense of public sector banking in India and exemplary service to customers including the marginal and neglected. It fights for the betterment of the working class as a whole, and for economic and political independence of India in an age of globalization.

neg: CIBC FirstCaribbean International Bank CIBC FirstCaribbean International Bank (FCIB) is a financial services company based in Barbados and a subsidiary of the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce (CIBC). Formed in 2002 as FirstCaribbean International Bank through the merger of the Caribbean operations of Barclays Bank and CIBC, in March 2006 both CIBC and Barclays announced that Barclays wished to exercise their option to exit the Caribbean venture completely resulting in CIBC gaining majority-control of the bank. In June 2011, it was announced the bank would be renamed CIBC FirstCaribbean Bank "to be more closely aligned to the CIBC brand, while still maintaining the FirstCaribbean name and local identity."

neg: First Financial Bank First Financial Bank is a regional bank with 67 retail branches operated by First Financial Corporation and based in Terre Haute, Indiana. It is the oldest national bank in Indiana. First Financial Corporation is Vigo County's only publicly traded company.

neg: Union Investment Union Investment (formal name Union Asset Management Holding AG) is the investment arm of the DZ Bank Group and part of the cooperative financial services network. It was founded in 1956 and is headquartered in Frankfurt.

neg: First Security Corporation First Security Corporation was a multistate bank holding company in the western United States, primarily in Utah, Idaho, New Mexico, Oregon, Nevada, and Wyoming. Headquartered in Salt Lake City, Utah, First Security merged with Wells Fargo in 2000.

neg: First West Credit Union First West Credit Union is the third-largest credit union in British Columbia by asset size following Vancity and Coast Capital Savings. Led by Chief Executive Officer Launi Skinner and with close to 250,000 members and nearly $11 billion in assets under administration, First West was formed in January 2010 when Envision Financial in Langley amalgamated with Valley First Credit Union based in Penticton. First West Credit Union acquired Enderby & District Credit Union based in Enderby, BC, in 2013. Island Savings joined First West on January 1, 2015. It is insured by the Credit Union Deposit Insurance Corporation of British Columbia.

neg: FNB Connect FNB Connect is an Internet service provider which operates as a business unit within FirstRand Bank Limited (“FRB”). FNB is a division of one of FRB and one of the "big four" Banks in the South African market.

neg: SBI Cards SBI Cards & Payments Services Pvt. Ltd., or SBICPSL, is a payment solutions provider in India. It is incorporated as a joint venture between the State Bank of India, India's largest bank, and GE Capital. They are headquartered in Gurgaon, Haryana/ Delhi NCR and have branches in over 50 cities across India. For the financial year ended March 31, 2016, SBI Card recorded a net profit of ₹271 crore and profit before tax of about ₹438 crore. As of October 2016,the company has a customer base of 4 million credit cards .

neg: Afriland First Bank Afriland First Bank is a full-service bank in Cameroon, with subsidiaries in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Guinea, Liberia, South Sudan, São Tomé and Príncipe and Zambia. The bank was founded in Yaoundé in 1987 under the name of Caisse Commune d'Epargne et d'Investissement. It is the largest financial services group in Cameroon.

neg: Oriental Bank Corporation The Oriental Bank Corporation () was a bank in India in the 19th century. It was also the first bank in Hong Kong and the first bank to issue banknotes in Hong Kong.

neg: UniCredit UniCredit S.p.A. is an Italian global banking and financial services company. Its network spans 50 markets in 17 countries, with more than 8,500 branches and over 147,000 employees. Its strategic position in Western and Eastern Europe gives the group one of the region's highest market shares. The company is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index.

neg: MobiKwik MobiKwik is an Indian company founded in 2009 that provides a mobile phone based payment system and digital wallet. Customers add money to an online wallet that can be used for payments. In 2013 the Reserve Bank of India authorized the company's use of the MobiKwik wallet, and in May 2016 the company began providing small loans to consumers as part of its service. The company launched its MobiKwik Lite mobile app in November 2016, designed for users of older 2G mobile networks and for those in areas with poor internet connectivity. In November 2016, the company reported having 1.5 million merchants using its service and a user base of 55 million customers.

neg: Aegis the Union Aegis is a trade union representing workers in financial services in the United Kingdom.

neg: First Calderdale & Huddersfield First Halifax, Calder Valley and Huddersfield (formerly known as FirstBus Calderdale & Huddersfield) is one of the bus companies serving the area of West Yorkshire, England. It forms part of FirstGroup, a company operating transport services across the British Isles and in North America. The company operates within the area covered by Metro, a public body responsible for helping to co-ordinate public transport services in the West Yorkshire area.

neg: First Transit First Transit is a United States-based subsidiary of FirstGroup. It provides contract public transit and paratransit services, transit management services and transit consulting throughout North America. First Transit is a sister company to First Student, which provides school bus services in the same geographic market. In April 2016, it commenced operations in India.

neg: National Payments Corporation of India National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI, Hindi: भारतीय राष्ट्रीय भुगतान निगम ) is the umbrella organisation for all retail payment systems in India, which aims to allow all Indian citizens to have unrestricted access to e-payment services.

neg: Star Banc Corporation Star Banc Corporation was a Cincinnati, Ohio-based regional bank holding company that became Firstar in 1998 and eventually became U.S. Bancorp in 2001. The company can trace it origins back to 1863 when it was first founded as the First National Bank of Cincinnati.

neg: Ceylon Mercantile Union The Ceylon Mercantile Union (CMU) is one of the largest trade unions in the commercial sector in Sri Lanka.

neg: City Union Bank The City Union Bank Limited is an Indian bank. The Kumbakonam Bank Limited, as it was at first called, was incorporated as a limited company on 31 October 1904. The bank initially preferred the role of a regional bank in the Thanjavur district of Tamil Nadu. As of 31 August 2017, City Union Bank has a network of 553 computerized branches and 1,526+ ATMs across the country. The bank also provides a gamut of technological services like net banking, mobile banking, self-service kiosks, Bulk Note Acceptors and Point of Sales etc. To cater to the needs of customers for many different walks of life, the banks also have a wide offering of savings and deposit products to meet the demand of various customers. It also offers many loan products to service the financial needs of small individual customers to large industries.


query: In what year did Susan McFadden join the Celtic studio group also featuring Mairead Carlin and Tara McNeill?

pos: Celtic Woman: Voices of Angels Celtic Woman: Voices of Angels is the eleventh studio album by the group Celtic Woman. "Voices of Angels" features vocalists Susan McFadden, Mairead Carlin, Éabha McMahon, and fiddler Tara McNeill, with former member Méav Ní Mhaolchatha as a guest. This was Celtic Woman's first album to feature their newest member Tara McNeill.

pos: Susan McFadden Susan McFadden (born 8 February 1983) is an actress and singer born in Dublin, Ireland. She is best known for playing the roles of Sandy in "Grease" at the Piccadilly Theatre and Elle Woods in "Legally Blonde the Musical" at the Savoy theatre in London's West End. She has also been a member of the all female Celtic music group, Celtic Woman, since 2012.

neg: Portland (album) Portland is a studio album by Kevin Burke and Mícheál Ó Domhnaill, released in 1982 by Green Linnet Records (SIF 1041). This is the second and final album by this duo who first played together with the popular Irish traditional group The Bothy Band.

neg: The Jades (Irish band) The Jades, formerly known as Jade, are an all-female rock group from Kilmuckridge, County Wexford, Ireland. The Jades' line-up consists of sisters Sheila and Yvonne on lead vocals, guitar, and drums respectively, with friend Elaine on guitar and backing vocals.

neg: B*Witched B*Witched are an Irish girl group consisting of twin sisters Edele and Keavy Lynch, Lindsay Armaou, and Sinéad O'Carroll. Originally active between 1997 and 2002, they enjoyed success in both Europe and North America between 1998 and 2000, releasing two albums and eight singles, all of which made the UK Top 20. Their first four singles, "C'est la Vie", "Rollercoaster", "To You I Belong" and "Blame It on the Weatherman", all reached number one in the UK Singles Chart. In 2002, having sold over 3 million albums worldwide, B*Witched were dropped by their record company. Soon afterwards, when O'Carroll decided to leave, the group split up. In 2006, the Lynch sisters formed a group, Ms. Lynch, frequently performing B*Witched material at live shows.

neg: The Mummers' Dance "The Mummers' Dance" is a single written, composed, and performed by Canadian Celtic singer Loreena McKennitt, who released it from the album "The Book of Secrets" in 1997. The song was a surprise hit in the United States, reaching #3 in the Adult Top 40, #17 on the Hot Modern Rock Tracks chart and #18 on The "Billboard" Hot 100.

neg: Martyn Bennett Martyn Bennett (17 February 1971 – 30 January 2005) was a Canadian-Scottish musician who was influential in the evolution of modern Celtic fusion, a blending of traditional Celtic and modern music. He was a piper, violinist, composer and producer. He was an innovator and his compositions crossed musical and cultural divides. Sporting dreadlocks at the height of his performing career, his energetic displays led to descriptions such as "the techno piper". Diagnosis of serious illness at the age of thirty curtailed his live performances, although he completed a further two albums in the studio. He died fifteen months after release of his fifth album "Grit".

neg: In the Willows In The Willows are a six-piece alternative folk band from Waterford, Ireland composed of David Greene (vocals, guitar), Tara Heffernan (vocals, piano), Michael Grace (vocals, bass), Aaron Mulhall (drums), John Madigan (piano, bouzouki), Rowan Sherlock (violin, viola)

neg: Celtic Woman The Show Celtic Woman The Show is the debut tour by Irish musical group Celtic Woman in support of their debut album and DVD which were released on  1, 2005 (2005--) which was followed by all five members's solo albums recorded between 2000 and 2004 getting released in the USA on  10, 2006 (2006--)

neg: Celts and Cobras Celts and Cobras is the second and final studio album from the Scottish Neo-Rockabilly group The Shakin' Pyramids (billed on the album cover as "Shakin' Pyramids"), released in 1982 by Cuba Libre, a subsidiary of Virgin Records. "Just a Memory" and "Pharaoh's Chant" were released as singles from the album. It was not as warmly received as the group's debut album, "Skin 'Em Up", and they disbanded shortly after its release.

neg: Shakespears Sister discography The discography of UK-based pop-rock project Shakespears Sister consists of five studio albums, two compilation albums, 3 video albums, and 18 singles. Originally a solo act consisting of ex-Bananarama member Siobhan Fahey, it eventually evolved into a duo between Fahey and Marcella Detroit. They released their debut studio album "Sacred Heart" in 1989, which reached #9 on the UK Albums Chart and was certified gold by the BPI. The album's lead single, double A Side "Break My Heart / Heroine" did not chart, the second single however, "You're History", reached #7 on the UK Singles Chart, and managed similar top 20 success internationally. Their next three singles, "Run Silent", "Dirty Mind", and "Goodbye Cruel World" (the lead single from their second album "Hormonally Yours"), all failed to peak within the UK top 50. The second single from "Hormonally Yours", "Stay" was the group's first and only #1, staying at the top position for 8 weeks. The song also reached #1 in Ireland and Sweden, and peaked within the top 5 in several other territories. "Hormonally Yours" peaked at #3 in the UK and was certified double platinum, and reached similar success in international territories.

neg: Imeall Imeall (Irish Gaelic for ""Edge"", ""Rim"", ""Threshold"") is Irish musician Mairéad Ní Mhaonaigh's debut (and to date only) solo album, self-produced on her own label "Moon" and released physically as a (numbered) limited edition in late 2008 / early 2009 and digitally available through her official website (after 20 years of recording with her band Altan).

neg: Tara Jaff Tara Jaff (in Kurdish Tara Caf) is an Iraqi Kurdish musician who has been exposed to many influences. Over the years, she experimented with different string instruments, but it was her fascination with the ancient harps of Sumeria, Assyria and Elam, dating as far back as 3000 BC that led her to the contemporary Celtic harp. She has embraced this instrument and introduced to Kurdish music in particularly folk songs. She has developed her own innovative style to adapt to the various musical rhythms and modes of the region, bringing a contemporary expression to an ancient form of music and song. She has been living in the United Kingdom since 1976 and has performed widely mainly as a solo artist in concerts, festivals, galleries, conferences as well having appeared regularly on radio and television worldwide. Her occasional collaborations have been with a wide range of artists such as film-makers, story-tellers, poets, painters as well as other musicians. She is also involved in outreach work where she takes her harp to hospitals to play soothing music for patients and staff.

neg: Celtic fusion Celtic fusion is any modern music which incorporates influences considered "Celtic," or Celtic music which incorporates modern music. It is a syncretic musical tradition which borrows freely from the perceived "Celtic" musical traditions of all the Celtic nations, as well as from all styles of popular music, it is thus sometimes associated with the Pan-Celtic movement. Celtic fusion may or may not include authentic traditional music from any one tradition under the Celtic umbrella, but its common characteristic is the inspiration by Celtic identity.

neg: Gaelic Storm Gaelic Storm is a Celtic band. Their musical output includes pieces from traditional Irish music, Scottish music, and original tunes in both the Celtic and Celtic rock genres. Their most recent album, "Go Climb A Tree" was released on July 28, 2017.

neg: The Dubliners (album) The Dubliners is the eponymous debut live album by the Irish folk band The Dubliners. It was produced by Nathan Joseph and released by Transatlantic Records in 1964. The line-up consisted of Ronnie Drew, Barney McKenna, Luke Kelly and Ciarán Bourke.

neg: The Lewis Blue The Lewis Blue is an album by Scottish Celtic musicians Ivan Drever and Duncan Chisholm, released in 1998. At the time, both musicians were members of Wolfstone (though Drever left shortly after "The Lewis Blue"'s release).

neg: Na Casaidigh Na Casaidigh or The Cassidys are an Irish traditional group. They have been based in Dublin for many years, but they originally hail from Gweedore, County Donegal. The group consists of brothers Aongus, Seathrún, Ciarán, Fionntán, Feargus, and Odhrán. Irish is their native tongue and they had to study English as a second language during their school years. The brothers' music has attracted worldwide attention and brought them to audiences from Togo in West Africa to Carnegie Hall in New York City.

neg: Maighréad Ní Dhomhnaill (album) Maighréad Ní Dhomhnaill is the début music album by Irish musician Maighread Ní Dhomhnaill (formerly Maighréad Ní Dhomnaill). It was released in Ireland in 1976.

neg: Lowlands (album) Lowlands is an album by Irish songwriter, and folk singer Susan McKeown, released in 2000.

neg: Comhaltas Ceoltóirí Éireann Comhaltas Ceoltóirí Éireann (] , meaning "Society of the Musicians of Ireland") is the primary Irish organisation dedicated to the promotion of the music, song, dance and the language of Ireland. The organisation was founded in 1951 and has promoted Irish music and culture among the Irish people and the Irish diaspora.

neg: Celtic Spring Celtic Spring is an Irish-American dance and fiddle band from California, United States. The family band combine Irish Traditional Music with Irish and Cape Breton step dancing. The members of Celtic Spring are all members of the Wood family.


query: Who was the chief rider at a traditional riding school for Lipizzan horses in the 1900s?

pos: Ernst Lindenbauer Ernst Lindenbauer (18 November 1881 Lichtenegg/Wels – 22 April 1961 Vienna) was Chief Rider from 1919 - 1950 at the Spanish Riding School in Vienna.

pos: Spanish Riding School The Spanish Riding School (German: "Spanische Hofreitschule" ) of Vienna, Austria, is a traditional riding school for Lipizzan horses, which perform in the Winter Riding School (Winterreitschule) in the Hofburg. Not only is it a centre for classical dressage, the headquarters is a tourist attraction in Vienna that offers public performances as well as permitting public viewing of some training sessions. The presentation builds on four centuries of experience and tradition in classical dressage. The leading horses and riders of the school also periodically tour and perform worldwide.

neg: Sam Loates Samuel "Sam" Loates (1865–1932) was a British Thoroughbred horse racing jockey who was the Champion Jockey of 1899 in his home country.

neg: Gustav Steinbrecht Gustav Steinbrecht (1808–1885) is considered one of the masters of dressage. His advice to ride the horse "forward and straight" is one of the foundation principles of German dressage training.

neg: Ned Baird Brigadier-General Edward William David Baird {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (29 June 1864 – 8 August 1956), known as Ned Baird, was a cavalry officer in the regular British Army and the reserve Territorial Force. Following service in the army, he became a successful horse trainer, winning the Grand National and the St. Leger. He was also a steward at the Jockey Club, a Deputy Lieutenant and a Justice of the Peace.

neg: Nikolay Przhevalsky Nikolay Mikhaylovich Przhevalsky (Russian: Никола́й Миха́йлович Пржева́льский ; April 12 [O.S. March 31] 1839 – November 1 [O.S. October 20] 1888 ) was a Russian geographer of Polish origin and a renowned explorer of Central and East Asia. Although he never reached his ultimate goal, the holy city of Lhasa in Tibet, he traveled through regions then unknown to the West, such as northern Tibet (modern Tibet Autonomous Region), Amdo (now Qinghai) and Dzungaria (now northern Xinjiang). He contributed significantly to European knowledge of Central Asia and was the first known European to describe the only extant species of wild horse, which is named after him: Przewalski's horse.

neg: Charlie Smirke Charles James William “Charlie” Smirke (1906–1993), was a British flat-race jockey. In a career that lasted from 1920 until 1959, he rode the winners of eleven British Classic Races. As a rider, he was known for his skill, strength and tactical intelligence, together with his self-confident and outspoken personality. Although he never won the Championship, he was regarded as one of the best jockeys of his era.

neg: Turgut Pasha Sevket Turgut Pasha (Turkish: "Şevket Turgut Paşa" ; 1857–1924) was an Ottoman army general with the rank of "mirliva" (major general), who also held the governmental title of "pasha" (lord). He went to the Prussian military school.

neg: Noel Murless Sir Charles Francis Noel Murless (24 March 19109 May 1987) was a British racehorse trainer.

neg: Kazan Gymnasium Kazan Gymnasium was a gymnasium of Kazan, Tatarstan, Russia. It is notable for its alumnus, Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky, who graduated from the school in 1807. Other notable alumni include Ivan Shishkin, a Russian landscape artist, and Gavrila Derzhavin, a poet.

neg: Lis Hartel Lis Hartel (March 14, 1921 – February 12, 2009) was an equestrian from Denmark. She was originally coached by her mother, Else Holst, but began to be coached by professional horseman Gunnar Andersen when she became nationally competitive.

neg: Arnold Kirkland Arnold Kirkland (November 11, 1921 - March 15, 1969) was an American Thoroughbred horse racing jockey. He was from Petersburg, VA and became one of the nations top jockeys in the 1940s and 1950s.

neg: Sergey Biryuzov Sergey Semyonovich Biryuzov (Russian: Серге́й Семёнович Бирюзо́в ) (August 21, 1904 – October 19, 1964) was a Marshal of the Soviet Union and Chief of the General Staff.

neg: Hirsch Jacobs Hirsch Jacobs (April 8, 1904 – February 13, 1970) was an American thoroughbred horse trainer and owner.

neg: Agrippina Vaganova Agrippina Yakovlevna Vaganova (Russian: Агриппина Яковлевна Ваганова ; 26 June 1879 – 5 November 1951) was a Russian ballet teacher who developed the Vaganova method – the technique which derived from the teaching methods of the old "Imperial Ballet School" (today the "Vaganova Academy of Russian Ballet") under the "Premier Maître de Ballet" Marius Petipa throughout the mid to late 19th century, though mostly throughout the 1880s and 1890s. It was Vaganova who perfected and cultivated this form of teaching the art of classical ballet into a workable syllabus. Her "Fundamentals of the Classical Dance" (1934) remains a standard textbook for the instruction of ballet technique. Her technique is one of the most popular techniques today.

neg: Leslie James Ellis Leslie James Ellis (24 November 1910–30 March 1971) was a New Zealand jockey and racehorse trainer. He was born in Nightcaps, Southland, New Zealand on 24 November 1910.

neg: Ilya Musin (conductor) Ilya Aleksandrovich Musin (Russian: Илья́ Алекса́ндрович Му́син ; ] ; 6 January 1904 [O.S. 24 December 1903] – 6 June 1999) was a Russian conductor, a prominent teacher and a theorist of conducting.

neg: George Rider George L. Rider (December 24, 1890 – August 8, 1979) was an American football, basketball, baseball, track and cross country coach and athletics administrator. He served as the head football coach at Olivet College in 1914, at Hanover College from 1915 to 1916, at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio from 1917 to 1918, and at Washington University in St. Louis from 1920 to 1922, compiling a career college football record of 29–22–5. At Miami he also coached basketball from 1917 to 1919, baseball from 1918 to 1919, and track and cross country from 1924 to 1960. In addition he served as athletic director at Miami from 1924 to 1940. In 1959 Rider served as honorary president of the International Track and Field Coaches Association. He is a charter member of Miami University's Hall of Fame along with coaching legends including Walter Alston, Earl Blaik, Paul Brown, Weeb Ewbank, Ara Parseghian. and John Pont.

neg: Halil Rifat Pasha Halil Rifat Pasha (Modern Turkish: "Halil Rıfat Paşa"; 1820–9 November 1901) was an Ottoman statesman and a Grand Vizier for six years between 1895 till his death 1901, under the reign of Abdul Hamid II.

neg: Richard Graf von Schaesberg-Tannheim Richard Ferdinand Maximilian Ignatius Joseph Valentin Hubertus Maria Graf von Schaesberg-Tannheim (January 7, 1884 in Tannheim – September 20, 1953 in Surenburg, Hörstel) was a German Graf and horse rider who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.

neg: Huseyn Khan Nakhchivanski Huseyn Khan Nakhchivanski, or Nakhichevansky, francised spelling: Hussein Nahitchevansky (Azerbaijani: "Hüseyn xan Naxçıvanski" ; Russian: Гусейн-хан Нахичеванский or Хан-Гуссейн Нахичеванский ) (28 July 1863, Nakhchivan City – January 1919, St. Petersburg), was a Russian Cavalry General of Azerbaijani origin. He was the only Muslim to serve as General-Adjutant of the H. I. M. Retinue.

neg: Tom and Bill Dorrance Brothers Tom Dorrance (May 11, 1910 – June 11, 2003) and Bill Dorrance (January 19, 1906 – July 20, 1999) are considered among the founders of the modern natural horsemanship movement. Born and raised on an Oregon cattle ranch with a background in the Great Basin "Buckaroo" tradition, they promoted natural, gentle methods of horse training, emphasizing "feel" of the horse and observation of its responses to the handler.


query: The Battle of Verneuil included a Scottish army led by which warlord who is sometimes given the epithet of "loser"?

pos: Battle of Verneuil The Battle of Verneuil was a strategically important battle of the Hundred Years' War, fought on 17 August 1424 near Verneuil in Normandy and a significant English victory. It was a particularly bloody battle, described by the English as a second Agincourt. Altogether some 7262 French and allied troops were killed, including 4000 Scots. English losses were 1600, including two men-at-arms and "a very few archers". The Scots army, led by Archibald, Earl of Douglas and John Stewart, Earl of Buchan (both of whom were killed), was almost destroyed. Many French noblemen were taken prisoner; among them the Duke of Alençon, Pierre, the bastard of Alençon, and Marshal de La Fayette. After Verneuil, the English were able to consolidate their position in Normandy. The Army of Scotland as a distinct unit ceased to play a significant part in the Hundred Years' War, although many Scots continued to serve in France.

pos: Archibald Douglas, 4th Earl of Douglas Archibald Douglas, Duke of Touraine, Earl of Douglas, Earl of Wigtown, Lord of Annandale, Lord of Galloway, Lord of Bothwell, and 13th Lord of Douglas (1372–17 August 1424), was a Scottish nobleman and warlord. He is sometimes given the epithet "Tyneman" (Old Scots: Loser), but this may be a reference to his great-uncle Sir Archibald Douglas.

neg: Vortigern Vortigern ( ; Old Welsh "Guorthigirn", "Guorthegern"; Welsh: "Gwrtheyrn" ; Old English: "Wyrtgeorn" ; Old Breton "Gurdiern", "Gurthiern"; ; Latin: "Vortigernus, Vertigernus, Uuertigernus, etc" ), also spelled Vortiger and Vortigen, was possibly a 5th-century warlord in Britain, known perhaps as a king of the Britons. His existence is contested, and information about him is obscure.

neg: Battle of Morat The Battle of Morat (also known as the Battle of Murten) was a battle in the Burgundian Wars (1474–77) that was fought on 22 June 1476 between Charles the Bold, the Duke of Burgundy, and a Swiss Confederate army at Morat/Murten, about 30 kilometres from Bern. The result was a crushing defeat for the Burgundians at the hands of the Swiss.

neg: Battle of Torran Dubh The Battle of Torran Dubh also known as the Battle of Torran-dow or the Battle of Torran Du was a Scottish clan battle that was fought in 1517 in Sutherland, in the Scottish Highlands.

neg: Alexander I of Scotland Alexander I (medieval Gaelic: "Alaxandair mac Maíl Coluim"; modern Gaelic: "Alasdair mac Mhaol Chaluim"; c. 1078 – 23 April 1124), posthumously nicknamed The Fierce, was the King of Scotland from 1107 to his death.

neg: Battle of Saint-Fulgent The Battle of Saint-Fulgent (22 September 1793) saw Royalist and Republican French forces clash at Saint-Fulgent during the War in the Vendée. The 11,000 Vendean rebels led by Henri de La Rochejaquelein defeated a 6,000-man Republican division commanded by Jean Quirin de Mieszkowski belonging to the "Army of the Coasts of La Rochelle". Half of the Republican force was killed, wounded or captured while rebel losses were only one-tenth as high. In mid-September the Republican "Army of the Coasts of La Rochelle" led by Jean Antoine Rossignol advanced into the Vendée from the south and east while the "Army of the Coasts of Brest" and the "Army of Mainz" under Jean Baptiste Camille Canclaux advanced from the west. In a series of battles at Coron, Pont-Barré, Tiffauges, Montaigu and Saint-Fulgent, the Royalist rebels concentrated against and defeated each Republican column in turn.

neg: Lóegaire Búadach In the Ulster Cycle of Irish mythology, Lóegaire Búadach (Lóegaire the Victorious) is a hapless Ulster warrior who mainly functions as comic relief. When he, Cúchulainn and Conall Cernach contend for the champion's portion at Briccriu's feast, Lóegaire is always a distant third. He lived at Inber Seimne (Larne, county Antrim).

neg: Battle of Saule The Battle of Saule (Lithuanian: "Saulės mūšis" or "Šiaulių mūšis" ; German: "Schlacht von Schaulen" ; Latvian: "Saules kauja" ) was fought on 22 September 1236, between the Livonian Brothers of the Sword and pagan Samogitians. Between 48 and 60 knights were killed, including the Livonian Master, Volkwin. It was the earliest large-scale defeat suffered by the orders in Baltic lands. The Sword-Brothers, the first Catholic military order established in the Baltic lands, was soundly defeated and its remnants accepted incorporation into the Teutonic Order in 1237. The battle inspired rebellions among the Curonians, Semigallians, Selonians, Oeselians, tribes previously conquered by the Sword-Brothers. Some thirty years' worth of conquests on the left bank of Daugava were lost. To commemorate the battle, in 2000 the Lithuanian and Latvian parliaments declared September 22 to be the Day of Baltic Unity.

neg: Malcolm III of Scotland Malcolm III (Gaelic: "Máel Coluim"; c. 26 March 1031 – 13 November 1093) was King of Scots from 1058 to 1093. He was later nicknamed "Canmore" ("ceann mòr", Gaelic for "Great Chief": "ceann" denotes "leader", "head" (of state) and "mòr" denotes "pre-eminent", "great", and "big"). Malcolm's long reign of 35 years preceded the beginning of the Scoto-Norman age.

neg: Erc mac Cairpri Erc mac Cairpri (modern spelling: Earc) is a character from the Ulster Cycle of Irish mythology. His is the son of Cairpre Nia Fer, king of Tara, and his wife Fedelm Noíchrothach, daughter of Conchobar mac Nessa, king of Ulster. After Cairpre is killed by the Ulster hero Cúchulainn in the battle of Ros na Ríg, Erc is installed as the new king of Tara, is given Cúchulainn's daughter Fínscoth in marriage, and swears allegiance to his grandfather Conchobar. However he later conspires with Lugaid mac Con Roí and others to kill Cúchulainn. He is then killed by Conall Cernach, Cúchulainn's foster-brother, in vengeance. When Conall takes his head back to Tara, his sister Achall dies of grief.

neg: Donnchadh, Earl of Carrick Donnchadh (Latin: Duncanus; English: Duncan) (pronounced /ˈt̪ˠon̪ˠəxə/ ) was a Gall-Gaidhil prince and Scottish magnate in what is now south-western Scotland, whose career stretched from the last quarter of the 12th century until his death in 1250. His father, Gille-Brighde of Galloway, and his uncle, Uhtred of Galloway, were the two rival sons of Fergus, Prince or Lord of Galloway. As a result of Gille-Brighde's conflict with Uhtred and the Scottish monarch William the Lion, Donnchadh became a hostage of King Henry II of England. He probably remained in England for almost a decade before returning north on the death of his father. Although denied succession to all the lands of Galloway, he was granted lordship over Carrick in the north.

neg: Battle of Glentaisie The Battle of Glentaisie, was an Irish battle fought in the north of Ulster on 2 May 1565. The result was a victory for Shane O'Neill over the Clan MacDonald of Dunnyveg. The conflict was a part of the political and military struggle, involving the English and occasionally the Scots, for control of northern Ireland. Although the MacDonalds were a Scottish family, based principally on the island of Islay in the Hebrides, they had long been associated with the Gaelic polity rather than the kingdom of Scotland.

neg: Snake pit A snake pit is, in a literal sense, a hole filled with snakes. In idiomatic speech snake pits are places of horror, torture and even death in European legends and fairy tales. The Viking warlord Ragnar Lodbrok is said to have been thrown into a snake pit and died there, after his army had been defeated in battle by King Aelle II of Northumbria. An older legend recorded in "Atlakviða" and "Oddrúnargrátr" tells that Attila the Hun murdered Gunnarr, the King of Burgundy, in a snake pit. In a medieval German poem, Dietrich von Bern is thrown into a snake pit by the giant Sigenot – he is protected by a magical jewel that had been given to him earlier by a dwarf.

neg: Causantín mac Cináeda Causantín or Constantín mac Cináeda (in Modern Gaelic: "Còiseam mac Choinnich "; died 877) was a king of the Picts. He is often known as Constantine I in reference to his place in modern lists of kings of Scots, but contemporary sources described Causantín only as a Pictish king. A son of Cináed mac Ailpín ("Kenneth MacAlpin"), he succeeded his uncle Domnall mac Ailpín as Pictish king following the latter's death on 13 April 862. It is likely that Causantín 's (Constantine I) reign witnessed increased activity by Vikings, based in Ireland, Northumbria and northern Britain. He died fighting one such invasion.

neg: John Stewart, Earl of Buchan John Stewart, Earl of Buchan (c. 1381 – 17 August 1424) was a Scottish nobleman and soldier who fought alongside Scotland's French allies during the Hundred Years War. In 1419 he was sent to France by his father the Duke of Albany, Regent of Scotland, with an army of 6,000 men. Stewart led the combined Franco-Scottish army at the Battle of Baugé on 21 March 1421, where he comprehensively defeated the English forces, proving that the English could at last be beaten.

neg: Guinoch St Guinoch, also known as Guinochus or Guinoc, was a Scottish saint. He is believed to have been a counsellor to Kenneth MacAlpin and, through prayer, aided in seven victories over the Picts in one day.

neg: Fergus Dubdétach Fergus Dubdétach ("black-tooth") was, according to medieval Irish legend and historical tradition, a king of the Ulaid who was briefly High King of Ireland. He took the High Kingship after his predecessor, Lugaid mac Con, was expelled from Tara by Cormac mac Airt and killed in Munster by Cormac's poet Ferches mac Commáin. Fergus and his two brothers, Fergus Caisfhiachlach ("rough-tooth") and Fergus Foltlebair ("long-hair"), then expelled Cormac to Connacht and Fergus took the throne. He ruled for a year, before he was defeated by Cormac, with the assistance of Tadg mac Céin and Lugaid Láma, in the Battle of Crinna.

neg: Robert Monro Robert Monro (died 1680), was a famous Scottish General, from the Clan Munro of Ross-shire, Scotland. He held command in the Swedish army under Gustavus Adolphus during Thirty Years' War. He also fought for the Scottish Covenanters during the Bishop's Wars in Scotland and commanded the Scottish Covenanter army during the Irish Confederate Wars. He was the author of a diary recounting his military experiences during the Thirty Years' War, published as "Monro, His Expedition With the Worthy Scots Regiment Called Mac-Keys".

neg: Coire Gabhail Coire Gabhail (Corrie of the Bounty, or The Hollow of Capture ) is a high level glen in the Bidean nam Bian mountain massif to the south of Glen Coe, Highland, Scotland. Its narrow entrance 230 m up the hillside conceals the width of the glen beyond, and it is commonly known as the Hidden Valley or, more recently, Lost Valley. Access from a bridge crossing the River Coe is by a steep path up beside a narrow wooded ravine.

neg: Dub, King of Scotland Dub mac Maíl Coluim (Modern Gaelic: "Dubh mac Mhaoil Chaluim"), sometimes anglicised as Duff MacMalcolm, called Dén, "the Vehement" and Niger, "the Black" (born c. 928 - died 967) was king of Alba. He was son of Malcolm I (Máel Coluim mac Domnaill) and succeeded to the throne when Indulf (Ildulb mac Causantín) was killed in 962.

neg: Battle of Baugé The Battle of Baugé, fought between the English and a Franco-Scots army on 22 March 1421 at Baugé, France, east of Angers, was a major defeat for the English in the Hundred Years' War. The English army was led by the king's brother Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence, while the Franco-Scots were led by both John Stewart, 2nd Earl of Buchan, and Gilbert de Lafayette, the Marshal of France. English strength was 4,000 men, although only 1,500 deployed, against 5,000 French and Scots.


query: Which high school did the second overall pick of the Charlotte Bobcats in 2004 attend before the NBA?

pos: 2004–05 Charlotte Bobcats season The 2004–05 NBA season was the first season for the Charlotte Bobcats in the National Basketball Association. This season marked the return of NBA basketball to Charlotte after a two-year hiatus, the 15th season of the NBA in the city of Charlotte. The original Hornets had moved to New Orleans after the 2001–02 season to become the New Orleans Hornets, now the New Orleans Pelicans. The Bobcats had the second overall pick in the 2004 NBA draft, which they used to select Emeka Okafor out of the University of Connecticut, and hired Bernie Bickerstaff as head coach during the offseason. The Bobcats played their first game at the Charlotte Coliseum on November 4, which was a 103–96 loss to the Washington Wizards. They would win their first game defeating the Orlando Magic 111–100 at home on November 6. However, the expansion team struggled losing ten straight games in January and March, finishing fourth in the Southeast Division with a 18–64 record. Okafor averaged 15.1 points, 10.9 rebounds, 1.7 blocks per game and was named Rookie of The Year.

pos: Emeka Okafor Chukwuemeka Ndubuisi "Emeka" Okafor (born September 28, 1982) is an American professional basketball player for the Philadelphia 76ers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). Prior to the National Basketball Association (NBA), Okafor attended Bellaire High School in Bellaire, Texas and the University of Connecticut.

neg: Eddy Curry Eddy Anthony Curry Jr. (born December 5, 1982) is an American former professional basketball player. Coming directly out of Thornwood High School in South Holland, Illinois, Curry was selected fourth overall in the 2001 NBA draft by the Chicago Bulls. Curry played for the Bulls until 2005, then played for the New York Knicks from 2005 to 2010. Curry played for the Miami Heat in the season and was part of the Heat's 2012 championship team. Curry played for the Dallas Mavericks for the early part of the season before playing out the season for the Zhejiang Golden Bulls of the Chinese Basketball Association.

neg: Lower Merion High School Lower Merion High School is a public high school in Ardmore, a community in Philadelphia's Main Line suburbs. It is one of two high schools in the Lower Merion School District; the other one is Harriton High School where NBA star, Kobe Bryant played at. Lower Merion serves both Lower Merion Township and the Borough of Narberth. In 2005 it was ranked among the top sixty public or private U.S. high schools by "The Wall Street Journal". Its athletics teams are known as the "Aces," but the football team is called the "Bulldogs".

neg: Jelani McCoy Jelani Marwan McCoy (born December 6, 1977) is an American professional basketball player. A 6'10" power forward/center, he played in the NBA from 1998-2007 for the Seattle SuperSonics, Los Angeles Lakers, Toronto Raptors, Cleveland Cavaliers, Atlanta Hawks, and Denver Nuggets. He attended college at UCLA and high school at St. Augustine High School in San Diego, California.

neg: Jared Dudley Jared Anthony Dudley (born July 10, 1985) is an American professional basketball player for the Phoenix Suns of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He has also played for the Charlotte Bobcats, Los Angeles Clippers, Milwaukee Bucks and Washington Wizards. Standing at 6 ft , he plays as a forward.

neg: Charlotte Hornets draft history The original Charlotte Hornets of the National Basketball Association (NBA) were established in 1988 as an expansion team, based in Charlotte, North Carolina. The team's roster was filled with unprotected players at the 1988 NBA Expansion Draft, and five days later the Hornets made their first picks out of college players at the 1988 NBA draft. The Hornets remained in Charlotte for 14 seasons before relocating to New Orleans in 2002. Two years after the Hornets' departure, the Charlotte Bobcats were established in 2004. The Bobcats first participated in the 2004 NBA draft, two days after their expansion draft was held. The franchise's name was changed back to the Hornets at the conclusion of the 2013–14 season, one year after the team in Louisiana renamed itself the New Orleans Pelicans. The history and records of the original Charlotte Hornets were conveyed to the newly named Charlotte Hornets.

neg: Ken Norman Kenneth Darnel Norman (born September 5, 1964) is an American former professional basketball player. After graduating from Chicago's Crane High School, Kenny was a standout forward for the Illinois Fighting Illini who was selected 19th overall by the Los Angeles Clippers of the 1987 NBA Draft. Norman was elected to the "Illini Men's Basketball All-Century Team" in 2004.

neg: Ben Poquette Benedict Jay Poquette (born May 7, 1955) is a retired American basketball player in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Born in Ann Arbor, Michigan, he graduated from East Lansing High School and Central Michigan University. He was drafted by the Detroit Pistons in the second round (36th pick) of the 1977 NBA Draft, and played for them in 1978–79. He also played for the Utah Jazz in 1980–83, the Cleveland Cavaliers in 1984–87, and the Chicago Bulls in 1987. He left the NBA after that season.

neg: Khris Middleton James Khristian "Khris" Middleton (born August 12, 1991) is an American professional basketball player for the Milwaukee Bucks of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He attended Porter-Gaud School, where he was coached by John Pearson. As a junior and senior, he was named South Carolina Player of the Year, and was a McDonald's All-American nominee. He went on to play college basketball for Texas A&M University, where he started the majority of the games in his freshman year. In his sophomore season, he earned second-team All-Big 12 honors after leading the Aggies in scoring with 14.3 points per game. Middleton was selected by the Detroit Pistons with the 39th overall pick of the 2012 NBA draft.

neg: Le'coe Willingham Le'coe Willingham (born February 10, 1981) is an American professional basketball player. Attending Hephzibah High School, she won the 1998 AAAA Georgia State Women's state high jump title. She last played the forward position for the Atlanta Dream in the WNBA.

neg: Chandler Parsons Chandler Parsons (born October 25, 1988) is an American professional basketball player for the Memphis Grizzlies of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the University of Florida and was drafted by the Houston Rockets with the 38th overall pick in the 2011 NBA draft.

neg: Marcus Thornton (basketball, born 1993) Marcus Thornton (born February 9, 1993) is an American professional basketball player for Consultinvest Pesaro of the Italian Serie A. He was drafted by the Boston Celtics with the 45th overall pick in the 2015 NBA draft. Thornton completed his collegiate career at the College of William & Mary (W&M) in 2015. In college, Thornton was considered one of the top mid-major players in the United States and was named the 2014–15 Colonial Athletic Association Player of the Year. On February 25, 2015, Thornton surpassed 2,052 career points to overtake Chet Giermak's long-standing school record. Giermak's mark stood for 65 years – the longest-lasting NCAA Division I school record in the nation at the time it was broken.

neg: Damian Lillard Damian Lamonte Ollie Lillard (born July 15, 1990) is an American professional basketball player for the Portland Trail Blazers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the Weber State Wildcats and earned third-team All-American honors in 2012. After being selected by Portland with the sixth overall pick in the 2012 NBA draft, Lillard won the NBA Rookie of the Year by unanimous decision. He has twice been named an NBA All-Star.

neg: Rick Rickert Rick Rickert (born February 11, 1983) is an American professional basketball player. He is a 2001 graduate of Duluth East High School where he was a basketball star and highly recruited college prospect. He was named 2001 Minnesota Mr. Basketball.

neg: Coral Glades High School Coral Glades High School is a public high school in Coral Springs, Florida. Founded in 2004, it is part of the Broward School District.

neg: Jameer Nelson Jameer Nelson (born February 9, 1982) is an American professional basketball player for the Denver Nuggets of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for Saint Joseph's University, where he was named National college player of the year in 2004. Drafted 20th overall in the 2004 NBA draft, Nelson spent the first ten years of his NBA career with the Orlando Magic. He has also played for the Dallas Mavericks and Boston Celtics. In 2009, he helped Orlando reach the NBA Finals and was named an All-Star.

neg: Antonio Burks (basketball, born 1980) Antonio Cornell Burks (born February 25, 1980) is an American former professional basketball player who played in the National Basketball Association (NBA) and Europe. At 6'0" (1.83 m) and 185 lb (88.5 kg), he played as a guard. Burks played at Booker T. Washington High School in Memphis, then one year at Hiwassee Junior College in Madisonville, Tennessee before joining the University of Memphis as an invited walk-on. He helped the Tigers win the NIT in 2002. His senior year he was named the Conference USA player of the year.

neg: Antoine Wright (basketball) Antoine Domonick Wright (born February 6, 1984) is an American professional basketball player who last played for Rain or Shine Elasto Painters of the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA). He attended preparatory school at Lawrence Academy at Groton; in 2002, he led the Spartans to an Independent School League Basketball Championship. He was selected 15th overall in the 2005 NBA Draft by the Nets (the highest pick from the Big 12 Conference that year and in Texas A&M University history until Acie Law was drafted 11th in the 2007 NBA Draft), after his junior year at Texas A&M University. Wright played his first five seasons of professional basketball in the NBA. He has since played overseas and in the NBA D-League.

neg: Bradley Beal Bradley Emmanuel Beal (born June 28, 1993) is an American professional basketball player for the Washington Wizards of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the Florida Gators before being selected by the Wizards with the third overall pick in the 2012 NBA draft.

neg: Ronnie Grandison Ron Calvin "Ronnie" Grandison (born July 6, 1964) is a former basketball player, who attended University of California, Irvine and University of New Orleans. He was selected in the 5th round of the 1987 NBA draft, 100th pick overall, by the Denver Nuggets.

neg: Tyson Chandler Tyson Cleotis Chandler (born October 2, 1982) is an American professional basketball player for the Phoenix Suns of the National Basketball Association (NBA). Chandler was the second overall pick of the 2001 NBA draft by the Los Angeles Clippers, then was immediately traded to the Chicago Bulls. He has also played for the New Orleans Hornets, Charlotte Bobcats, Dallas Mavericks, and New York Knicks. As starting center for Dallas, he played an integral role in the franchise's first NBA championship in 2011. He was also a member of the United States men's national basketball team's gold medal runs in the 2010 FIBA World Championship and the 2012 Summer Olympics. He plays the center position.


query: Does Milium or Cucumis have plants that are tendril-bearing?

pos: Milium (plant) Milium (vernacular name milletgrass) is a genus of Eurasian, North American, and North African plants in the grass family.

pos: Cucumis Cucumis is a genus of twining, tendril-bearing plants in the Cucurbitaceae family which includes the cucumber ("Cucumis sativus"), muskmelons ("Cucumis melo", including cantaloupe and honeydew), the horned melon ("Cucumis metuliferus"), and the West Indian gherkin ("Cucumis anguria").

neg: Chrysanthemum Chrysanthemums ( ), sometimes called mums or chrysanths, are flowering plants of the genus Chrysanthemum in the family Asteraceae. They are native to Asia and northeastern Europe. Most species originate from East Asia and the center of diversity is in China. There are countless horticultural varieties and cultivars.

neg: Microsorum Microsorum is a genus of over fifty species of tropical ferns. Like most ferns, they grow from rhizomes, rather than roots. The genus name is often misspelled "Microsorium" or "Microsoreum". It includes some species that are lithophytic rheophytes.

neg: Melilotus Melilotus, known as melilot, sweet clover, and kumoniga (from the Cumans), is a genus in the family Fabaceae (the same family that also includes the "Trifolium" clovers). Members are known as common grassland plants and as weeds of cultivated ground. Originally from Europe and Asia, it is now found worldwide.

neg: Cucurbitales The Cucurbitales are an order of flowering plants, included in the rosid group of dicotyledons. This order mostly belongs to tropical areas, with limited presence in subtropic and temperate regions. The order includes shrubs and trees, together with many herbs and climbers. One major characteristic of the Cucurbitales is the presence of unisexual flowers, mostly pentacyclic, with thick pointed petals (whenever present). The pollination is usually performed by insects, but wind pollination is also present (in Coriariaceae and Datiscaceae).

neg: Leymus multicaulis Leymus multicaulis, also known as manystem wild rye or manystem lyme grass, is a species of the "Leymus" genus. The species name of manystem wild rye, "multicaulis", suggests the “many stems” of the species. "Leymus multicaulis" is considered a type of grass. Manystem wild rye has only one cotyledon in each of its seeds. The xylem and phloem within the roots are arranged in a ring pattern. The vascular bundles are scattered throughout the stem. These traits make "Leymus multicaulis" a monocot. "Leymus multicaulis" is a flowering plant, or angiosperm.

neg: Allium Allium is a genus of monocotyledonous flowering plants that includes hundreds of species, including the cultivated onion, garlic, scallion, shallot, leek, and chives. The generic name "Allium" is the Latin word for garlic, and the type species for the genus is "Allium sativum" which means "cultivated garlic".

neg: Mesangiospermae Mesangiospermae (core angiosperms) is a group of flowering plants (angiosperms), informally called "mesangiosperms". They are one of two main clades of angiosperms. It is a name created under the rules of the "PhyloCode" system of phylogenetic nomenclature. There are about 350,000 species of mesangiosperms. The mesangiosperms contain about 99.95% of the flowering plants, assuming that there are about 175 species not in this group and about 350,000 that are. While such a clade with a similar circumscription exists in the APG III system, it was not given a name.

neg: Astrocaryum aculeatum Astrocaryum aculeatum (Tucumã, acaiúra, acuiuru, coco-tucumã, tucum, tucumã-açu, tucumã-macaw, tucum-açu,tucumaí-da-terra-firme, tucumãí-uaçu, tucumã-Piririca,tucumã-Purupuru or Tucumã- do-mato ) is a palm native to tropical South America and Trinidad. It grows up to 15 m tall and is usually solitary. It has ascending leaves, erect inflorescence, and yellow fruit.

neg: Chelone (plant) Chelone is a genus of four species of perennial herbaceous plants native to eastern North America. They all have similarly shaped flowers (which led to the name turtlehead due to their resemblance to the head of a turtle), which vary in color from white to red, purple or pink. "C. cuthbertii", "C. glabra", and "C. lyonii" are diploid and "C. obliqua" is either tetraploid or hexaploid.

neg: Pedaliaceae Pedaliaceae, the pedalium family or sesame family, is a flowering plant family classified in the order Scrophulariales in the Cronquist system and Lamiales in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group system. Cronquist included the family Martyniaceae in Pedaliaceae, but phylogenetic studies have shown that the two families are not closely related and they are maintained as separate by the APG. Both families are characterized by having mucilaginous hairs, which often give the stems and leaves a slimy or clammy feel, and often have fruits with hooks or horns.

neg: Medeola Medeola virginiana, Indian cucumber-root (or Indian cucumber, or Indian cucumber root) is an eastern North American plant species in the lily family, Liliaceae. It is the only currently recognized plant species in the genus Medeola. Indian cucumber-root grows in the understory of forests. The plant bears edible rhizomes that have a mild cucumber-like flavor.

neg: Sparganium emersum Sparganium emersum is a species of flowering plant in the cat-tail family known by the common names European bur-reed and unbranched bur-reed. It has a circumboreal distribution, occurring throughout the northern latitudes of Eurasia and North America. It is an aquatic plant, growing in shallow water bodies such as ponds and streams. It can become abundant at times. It is a perennial herb producing a floating stem up to 2 meters long. The leaves may be limp and floating or stiff and erect, emerging above the water surface. The leaves are flat and straplike, sometimes with a triangular, keeled base that can help distinguish it from the similar "Sparganium angustifolium". It is monoecious, individual plants bearing both male and female inflorescences. These are spherical, the male inflorescence a ball of stamens and the female inflorescence a ball of developing fruits growing beneath the male spheres.

neg: Metallophyte A metallophyte is a plant that can tolerate high levels of heavy metals such as lead. Such plants range between "obligate metallophytes" (which can only survive in the presence of these metals), and "facultative metallophytes" which can tolerate such conditions but are not confined to them.

neg: Hesperevax acaulis Hesperevax acaulis is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common name stemless dwarf cudweed. It is native to California and Oregon where it grows in many types of mountain, valley, and coastal habitats, including areas recently affected by wildfire. This petite woolly annual forms a small bunch on the ground. Despite its common name it sometimes has a stem a few centimeters long. The wool-coated leaves appear in pairs or clusters, each leaf measuring a few millimeters to three centimeters long. In the center of the leaf array is the inflorescence, which is a single flower head or tightly packed cluster of several heads, each just a few millimeters wide. The flower head contains several tiny disc florets.

neg: Antheridium An antheridium is a haploid structure or organ producing and containing male gametes (called "antherozoids" or sperm). The plural form is antheridia, and a structure containing one or more antheridia is called an androecium. "Androecium" is also used as the collective term for the stamens of flowering plants.

neg: Seseli gummiferum Seseli gummiferum, the moon carrot, is a species of herbaceous perennial plants in the family Apiaceae.

neg: Ecballium Ecballium is a genus of flowering plants in the family Cucurbitaceae containing a single species, Ecballium elaterium, also called the squirting cucumber or exploding cucumber (but not to be confused with "Cyclanthera explodens"). It gets its unusual name from the fact that, when ripe, it squirts a stream of mucilaginous liquid containing its seeds, which can be seen with the naked eye. It is thus considered to have rapid plant movement.

neg: Anemone cylindrica Anemone cylindrica is an upright growing, clump forming herbaceous plant species in the genus "Anemone" and family Ranunculaceae. Plants grow 30 - tall, flowering early summer but often found flowering till late summer, the flowers are greenish-white. After flowering, the fruits are produced in a dense rounded columned spikes 20 - long. When the fruits, called achenes, are ripe they have gray-white colored, densely woolly styles, that allow them to blow away in the wind.

neg: Wild melon Wild melon is a common name used for several species of plants in the melon family (Cucurbitaceae) which grow outside of cultivation

neg: Cyclamen mirabile Cyclamen mirabile is a perennial growing from a tuber, native to Turkish pine woodland and maquis in southwestern Turkey. It belongs to the "Cyclamen cilicium" group of the "Cyclamen" genus (subgenus "Gyrophoebe", series "Cilicium"). The species was identified and named in 1906.


query: In what states were eleven people murdered by the American teenaged spree killer whose murder spree the film Badlands is based on?

pos: Badlands (film) Badlands is a 1973 American crime film written and directed by Terrence Malick, starring Martin Sheen and Sissy Spacek, and featuring Warren Oates and Ramon Bieri. The story, though fictional, is loosely based on the real-life murder spree of Charles Starkweather and his girlfriend, Caril Ann Fugate, in 1958, though that basis was not acknowledged when the film was released.

pos: Charles Starkweather Charles Raymond "Charlie" Starkweather (November 24, 1938 – June 25, 1959) was an American teenaged spree killer who murdered eleven people in the states of Nebraska and Wyoming in a two-month murder spree between December 1957 and January 1958. All but one of Starkweather's victims were killed between January 21 and January 29, 1958, the date of his arrest. During the murders committed in 1958, Starkweather was accompanied by his 14-year-old girlfriend, Caril Ann Fugate.

neg: Ted Bundy Theodore Robert Bundy (born Theodore Robert Cowell; November 24, 1946 – January 24, 1989) was an American serial killer, kidnapper, rapist, burglar and necrophile who assaulted and murdered numerous young women and girls during the 1970s, and possibly earlier. Shortly before his execution—after more than a decade of denials—he confessed to 30 homicides committed in seven states between 1974 and 1978. The true victim count remains unknown, and could be much higher.

neg: Howard Unruh Howard Barton Unruh (January 21, 1921 – October 19, 2009) was an American mass murderer (sometimes classified as a spree killer) who killed 13 people (including three children) during a 12-minute walk through his neighborhood on September 6, 1949, in Camden, New Jersey, when he was 28 years old. The incident became known as the "Walk of Death". Unruh was found to be criminally insane, and died in 2009 after a lengthy illness at the age of 88, following 60 years of confinement.

neg: Ronald Gene Simmons Ronald Gene Simmons, Sr., (July 15, 1940 – June 25, 1990) was an American spree killer, who killed 16 people over a week-long period in Arkansas in 1987. A retired military serviceman, Simmons murdered fourteen members of his family, including a daughter he had sexually abused and the child he had fathered with her, a former co-worker, and a stranger, and wounded four others.

neg: Lavinia Fisher Lavinia Fisher (1793 – February 18, 1820) is reported by some legends to have been the first female serial killer in the United States of America. Her origins are unknown ; however, Fisher resided in the United States for much of her life. She was married to John Fisher, and both were convicted of highway robbery—a capital offense at the time—not murder. Historians have begun to question the veracity of the traditional legend and some assert that Lavinia Fisher never killed anyone. Some, however, believe she would kill her victims by crushing their heads between her legs. She was, however, an active member of a large gang of highwaymen who operated out of two houses in the backcountry near Charleston, the Five Mile House and the Six Mile House. It is not clear whether the Six Mile House was a hotel, but it did serve as a hideout for a number of outlaws.

neg: Daniel Conahan Daniel Owen Conahan Jr. (born May 11, 1954) is a convicted American murderer and suspected serial killer. Conahan was convicted of one murder but has been linked to over a dozen murders, mostly of homosexual men in the Charlotte County, Florida area in what came to be known as the Hog Trail Murders.

neg: Deep Creek murders The Deep Creek murders was the culmination of a minor sheep war in the borderlands of Idaho and Nevada. On or about February 4, 1896, two Mormon sheepherders were killed by an unknown assailant while they were camping along a creek in what was then part of Cassia County, Idaho. The gunfighter Diamondfield Jack Davis and his associate, Jack Gleason, were arrested, but the latter was released and Diamondfield Jack was pardoned in 1902, after serving six years in jail. The deaths of the two sheepherders are the only confirmed killings attributed to the conflict, however, according to author J. Anthony Lukas, the incident was "one of the last great confrontations in the sheep and cattle wars."

neg: Charles Ng Charles Ng Chi-Tat (; born December 24, 1960 in Hong Kong) is a serial killer who operated in the United States. He is believed to have raped, tortured and murdered between 11 and 25 victims with his accomplice Leonard Lake at Lake's cabin in Calaveras County, California, in the Sierra Nevada foothills 150 miles east of San Francisco.

neg: Alton Coleman Alton Coleman (November 6, 1955 – April 26, 2002) was an American serial killer, along with accomplice Debra Brown, who committed a crime spree across six states in the Midwest where 8 people were murdered between May and July 1984. Coleman, who received death sentences from three states, was executed by the state of Ohio in 2002.

neg: The Bad Kids The Bad Kids is a 2016 documentary film about students at risk of dropping out who attend an alternative school in Yucca Valley, California.

neg: Murder of David Reed David Wellington Reed (17 January 1972 – 21 August 1985) was a 13-year-old boy in the seventh grade at Schuylkill Haven Area Middle School, who was murdered in 1985 by then 20-year-old Joseph "Joe" Geiger in Schuylkill Haven, Pennsylvania, United States over Geiger's stolen illegally grown cannabis plants. Geiger blamed Reed for the disappearance of the drug. Friends, family, and teachers remember Reed as an outgoing person who aspired to fly.

neg: Stanley Williams Stanley Tookie Williams III (December 29, 1953 – December 13, 2005) was an American gang member and convicted murderer, who co-founded the West Side Crips, a street gang which has its roots in South Central Los Angeles in 1969. In 1979, he was convicted of murdering four people— a 7-Eleven employee, and in a separate occasion, an elderly Taiwanese couple and their daughter — and sentenced to death.

neg: Edward J. Adams Edward J. "Eddie" Adams (1887 – November 22, 1921) was a notorious American criminal and serial killer in the Midwest. He murdered seven people–including three policemen—during a period of around 14 months, and wounded at least a dozen others. At age 34, Adams was surrounded and then killed by police in Wichita, Kansas.

neg: Lee Roy Martin Lee Roy Martin, (around 1937 — 31 May 1972) also known as the "Gaffney Strangler", was an American serial killer from Gaffney, South Carolina. He murdered 4 girls in 1967-1968.

neg: Charles Manson Charles Milles Manson (born Charles Milles Maddox, November 12, 1934) is an American convicted mass murderer and former cult leader who led what became known as the Manson Family, a quasi-commune that arose in California in the late 1960s. Manson's followers committed a series of nine murders at four locations in July and August 1969. In 1971 he was found guilty of first-degree murder and conspiracy to commit murder for the deaths of seven people – most notably of the actress Sharon Tate – all of which were carried out by members of the group at his instruction. Manson also received first-degree murder convictions for two other deaths. Manson was originally sentenced to death, but his sentence was commuted to life imprisonment when California invalidated the state's death penalty statute in 1972. He is currently serving multiple life sentences at California State Prison in Corcoran.

neg: Battle of Kelley Creek The Battle of Kelley Creek, also known as the Last Massacre, is often considered to be one of the last known massacres carried out between Native Americans and forces of the United States, and was a closing event to occur near the end of the American Indian warfare era. In January 1911 a small group of Bannocks and Shoshones killed four investigative agents in a ranch after they had been pursued for abducting cattle. A posse of policemen and citizens was sent to track the natives, who were found encamped near Winnemucca, Nevada, in a region known as Kelley Creek. A largely one-sided battle ensued on February 25 that ended with the direct deaths of nine people, eight Daggetts and one mortally wounded American. At the time the affair was briefly characterized as a Native American revolt, though it is now mostly regarded as a family's attempted escape from law enforcement.

neg: John Felton Parish John Felton Parish (July 4, 1933 – August 9, 1982) was an American mass murderer who shot dead six people and wounded three others at two warehouses in Grand Prairie, Texas, United States on August 9, 1982. Afterwards, while driving a hijacked semi-trailer truck, he led police on a high-speed chase through Grand Prairie downtown that ended only when he broke through a police barricade, injuring an officer, and crashed into a building. He was subsequently killed by police during a shootout.

neg: Donald Leroy Evans Donald Leroy Evans (July 5, 1957  – January 5, 1999) was an American serial killer who murdered at least three people from 1985 to 1991. He was known for confessing to killing victims at parks and rest areas across more than twenty U.S. states.

neg: James Jessen Badal James Jessen Badal (born 1943) is an American true crime writer. He is also an assistant professor in English language and journalism at Cuyahoga Community College. His true crime works include a book about the disappearance of Beverly Potts and three books about the Cleveland Torso Murders case. According to his first book about the latter, "In the Wake of the Butcher", he took an interest in the case while still in elementary school, when his teacher of history in the 8th grade gave his class a two-day lecture about the murders. As of 2014, he is working on a book about the unsolved murder of 16-year-old Beverly Jarosz, committed in Garfield Heights, Ohio in 1964.

neg: Badlands Wilderness The Badlands Wilderness is located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. Entirely within Badlands National Park, the wilderness was designated by Congress in 1976, and is managed by the National Park Service. Badlands Wilderness, in southeastern Pennington County, includes 64,144 acres (560 km²) of the most pristine sections of the National Park. Within this wilderness, buffalo still roam free and visitors can also find bighorn sheep, coyotes and mule deer. There are no designated trails and camping is permitted anywhere in what is considered to be the largest undisturbed mixed-prairie rangeland remaining in the U.S. As this wilderness is managed by the National Park Service, hunting is not permitted.

neg: Young Brothers massacre The Young Brothers massacre (sometimes referred to as the Brookline shootout) was a gun battle that occurred outside of Brookline, Missouri (now part of Republic, Missouri) in the Ozarks region on the afternoon of January 2, 1932, during the period known as the “Public Enemy Era”. It resulted in the deaths of six law enforcement officers, making it the worst single killing of U.S. police officers in the 20th century.


query: This American artist, director and producer's best known work includes one whose reliance on themes from popular culture helped to usher in what?

pos: Andy Warhol Andy Warhol ( ; born Andrew Warhola; August 6, 1928 – February 22, 1987) was an American artist, director and producer who was a leading figure in the visual art movement known as pop art. His works explore the relationship between artistic expression, celebrity culture, and advertising that flourished by the 1960s, and span a variety of media, including painting, silkscreening, photography, film, and sculpture. Some of his best known works include the silkscreen paintings "Campbell's Soup Cans" (1962) and "Marilyn Diptych" (1962), the experimental film "Chelsea Girls" (1966), and the multimedia events known as the "Exploding Plastic Inevitable" (1966–67).

pos: Campbell's Soup Cans Campbell's Soup Cans, which is sometimes referred to as 32 Campbell's Soup Cans, is a work of art produced in 1962 by Andy Warhol. It consists of thirty-two canvases, each measuring 20 in in height × 16 in in width and each consisting of a painting of a Campbell's Soup can—one of each of the canned soup varieties the company offered at the time. The individual paintings were produced by a printmaking method—the semi-mechanized screen printing process, using a non-painterly style. "Campbell's Soup Cans"' reliance on themes from popular culture helped to usher in pop art as a major art movement in the United States.

neg: Bill Melendez José Cuauhtémoc Meléndez (November 15, 1916 – September 2, 2008), known as Bill Melendez, was a Mexican American character animator, film director, voice artist and producer, known for his cartoons for Walt Disney Productions (working on four Disney films "Pinocchio", "Fantasia", "Dumbo" and "Bambi"), Warner Bros. Cartoons, UPA and the "Peanuts" series. Melendez provided the voices of Snoopy and Woodstock in the latter as well.

neg: Hakeem Khaaliq Hakeem Khaaliq (also Hakeem Abdul-Khaaliq) is an award-winning American cinematographer, television producer, film director, photographer, multi-media activist, graphic design artist, and . Before his career in film and television he worked as a music producer, music publisher, music supervisor and radio personality. In 1995 Khaaliq founded Radio Bums® and in 2010 he co-founded "Nation19" magazine / APDTA with longtime partner Queen Muhammad Ali.

neg: Michael Sterling Eaton Michael Sterling Eaton is an American multi media artist. Most known for his work as a music producer, creative director, film maker, clothing designer and photographer. He was born in and raised in Del Mar, California and is currently based out of Southern California. He began shooting photos with his father at the age of 12.

neg: Video installation Video installation is a contemporary art form that combines video technology with installation art, making use of all aspects of the surrounding environment to affect the audience. Tracing its origins to the birth of video art in the 1970s, it has increased in popularity as digital video production technology has become more readily accessible. Today, video installation is ubiquitous and visible in a range of environments—from galleries and museums to an expanded field that includes site-specific work in urban or industrial landscapes. Popular formats include monitor work, projection, and performance. The only requirements are electricity and darkness.

neg: Nan Hoover Nan Hoover (12 May 1931 – 9 June 2008) was a Dutch/American-expatriate artist who is known for her pioneering work in video art, photography and performance art. She spent almost four decades living and working in the Netherlands. She also used the mediums of drawing, painting, photography and film and created art objects and sculptures. One of the main themes of her art was light and motion. The rigorous, minimalist handling of her means as well as the intense concentration with which she performed within spaces of light and shadow are the most salient characteristics of her artistic work.

neg: Marshall Fishwick Marshall William Fishwick (July 5, 1923 – May 22, 2006) was an American multidisciplinary scholar, professor, writer, and editor who started the academic movement known as popular culture studies and established the journal "International Popular Culture". In 1970 he cofounded the Popular Culture Association with Ray B. Browne and Russel B. Nye, and the three worked to shape a new academic discipline that blurred the traditional distinctions between high and low culture, focusing on mass culture mediums like television and the Internet and cultural archetypes like comic book heroes. In an academic career of more than fifty years, Fishwick wrote or edited more than forty books, including works on popular culture, Virginia history, and American studies.

neg: Todd Boyd Todd Boyd, aka "Notorious Ph.D.", is the Katherine and Frank Price Endowed Chair for the Study of Race & Popular Culture and Professor of Critical Studies in the USC School of Cinematic Arts. Dr. Boyd is an accomplished scholar, author, media commentator, producer and consultant. He is regarded as one of the nation's leading experts on American popular culture and is especially noted for his pioneering work on media, race, cinema, hip hop culture, and sports. Boyd received his Ph.D in Communication Studies from the University of Iowa in 1991 and began his professorial career at USC in the fall of 1992.

neg: Jim Steinman James Richard Steinman (born November 1, 1947) is an American composer, lyricist, and Grammy Award-winning record producer responsible for many hit songs. He has also worked as an arranger, pianist and singer. His work has included songs in the adult contemporary, rock and roll, dance, pop, musical theater and film score genres. Beginning his career in musical theater, Steinman's most notable work in the area includes lyrics for "Whistle Down the Wind" and music for "Tanz der Vampire".

neg: Adam Shankman Adam Michael Shankman (born November 27, 1964) is an American film director, producer, dancer, author, actor, and choreographer. He was a judge on seasons 3-10 of the television program "So You Think You Can Dance" He began his professional career in musical theater, and was a dancer in music videos for Paula Abdul and Janet Jackson. Shankman has choreographed dozens of films and has also directed several feature-length box office hits, including "A Walk to Remember", "Bringing Down the House", "The Pacifier" and the 2007 remake of "Hairspray".

neg: Taj Stansberry Taj Stansberry (born in Oakland, California, United States) is an American director and photographer, known for his music videos with artists such as Rihanna, J Lo, Usher, Ne-Yo, John Legend, Young Jeezy, Ludacris, Keyshia Cole, Swizz Beatz, Eve, Wale and Big Sean.His video for J Lo's "On the Floor" is the most watched female video of all time on YouTube with over 800,000,000 views. He is currently developing a few feature projects as well.

neg: Sharon Oreck Sharon Oreck (born April 10, 1955) is an American film, music video and commercial producer. She has Oscar and Grammy nominations in addition to other awards. She is credited with coining the term "populence". Oreck has been married to cinematographer Bill Pope since the 1980s. She was a cinema student at Los Angeles City College in Los Angeles.

neg: Rich Lee Rich Lee is an American music video and commercial director signed to Native Content in Hollywood, California. He has directed music videos for Lana Del Rey, Maroon 5, Eminem, The Black Eyed Peas, Norah Jones, Michael Bublé and The All-American Rejects. Rich Lee started his professional career as a sculptor and fabricator for Broadway shows in New York City. He later moved on to computer graphics and created 3-D previsualizations for big budget Hollywood feature films such as the first three "Pirates of the Caribbean" films, "I Am Legend", "Minority Report" and "Constantine". From the encouragement of feature film directors he moved into directing music videos and commercials. He has directed commercials for brands like Fiat, Hyundai, Honda, Beats by Dre etc.

neg: Cultural depictions of Elvis Presley Elvis Presley has inspired artistic and cultural works since he entered the national consciousness. From that point, interest in his personal and public life has never stopped. Some scholars have even studied many aspects of his profound cultural influence. "Billboard" historian Joel Whitburn declared Presley the "#1 act of the Rock era".

neg: List of frequent David Lynch collaborators David Keith Lynch (born January 20, 1946) is an American filmmaker, television director, visual artist, musician, and occasional actor. Known for his surrealist films, he has developed his own unique cinematic style, known as "Lynchian"; this style is characterized by its dream imagery and meticulous sound design. The surreal and, in many cases, violent elements to his films have been said to "disturb, offend or mystify" their audiences.

neg: African-American culture African-American culture, also known as Black-American culture, refers to the cultural contributions of African Americans to the culture of the United States, either as part of or distinct from mainstream American culture. The distinct identity of African-American culture is rooted in the historical experience of the African-American people, including the Middle Passage. The culture is both distinct and enormously influential on American culture as a whole.

neg: List of artists influenced by Michael Jackson Michael Jackson, also known as the King of Pop, was a pop, music, dance and fashion icon. His distinctive sound and style has influenced numerous artists of various music genres.

neg: Ed Steinberg Ed Steinberg is a New York City-based music video producer/director. Steinberg also founded the RockAmerica video distribution network. Steinberg has a colorful reputation. He is perhaps best known for making Madonna's first ever music video in 1982 for the song "Everybody", but has produced and directed more than 90 music videos for other artists such as Gipsy Kings, Cheap Trick, U2 and Yello. Long-form television programs he has produced include music specials for MTV, "Alive From Off Center" for PBS, and "The Palladium, Where Mambo was King" for Bravo. His videos are in collections in the Whitney Museum, The Museum of Modern Art and The Guggenheim. He has served as the musical director for the Havana Film Festival since 2000.

neg: David Leaf David Leaf (born April 20, 1952) is an American writer, producer, and director known for documentaries, music programs, and pop culture retrospectives.

neg: 1980s in film The decade of the 1980s in Western Cinema saw the return of studio-driven pictures, coming from the filmmaker-driven New Hollywood era of the 1970s. The period was when "high concept" films gained popularity, where movies were to be easily marketable and understandable, and, therefore, they had short cinematic plots that could be summarized in one or two sentences. The modern Hollywood blockbuster is the most popular film format from the 1980s. Producer Don Simpson is usually credited with the creation of the high-concept picture of the modern Hollywood blockbuster.

neg: Michael Bay Michael Benjamin Bay (born February 17, 1965) is an American filmmaker known for directing and producing big-budget, high-concept action films characterized by fast cutting, stylistic visuals and extensive use of special effects, including frequent depictions of explosions. The films he has produced and directed, which include "Armageddon" (1998), "Pearl Harbor" (2001) and the "Transformers" film series (2007–present), have grossed over US$ worldwide, making him one of the most commercially successful directors in history. He is co-founder of commercial production house The Institute, a.k.a. The Institute for the Development of Enhanced Perceptual Awareness. He co-owns Platinum Dunes, a production house which has remade horror movies including "The Texas Chainsaw Massacre" (2003), "The Amityville Horror" (2005), "The Hitcher" (2007), "Friday the 13th" (2009) and "A Nightmare on Elm Street" (2010).