query: What cabinet position did one of the suspects in the Albert Jennings Fountain disappearance hold?

pos: Albert Jennings Fountain Colonel Albert Jennings Fountain (October 23, 1838 – disappeared February 1, 1896) was born on Staten Island, New York, on October 23, 1838, to Solomon Jennings and Catherine de la Fontaine. He was trained as an attorney and elected to the Texas Senate and the New Mexico Legislature. In 1873, Fountain moved from El Paso to Mesilla with his wife Mariana Pérez Fountain and their five children. He served the Union Army in California and Arizona during the American Civil War and later as a militia officer defending against raiding Apaches. Later, however, he developed a long and supportive history with several tribes, many Mescaleros calling him a friend. In Mesilla, he worked as assistant district attorney and probate judge as well as a newspaper editor, founding, in 1877, the Mesilla Valley Independent and the Spanish edition El Independiente del Valle de la Mesilla. He also founded the Mesilla Dramatic Society and the Mesilla Valley Opera House, now The Fountain Theater, both originally operated by his family. Following a purge of corruption among cattle rustlers, Fountain and his 8-year-old son Henry disappeared near White Sands, New Mexico, where his wagon, stains of blood, and evidence of an ambush were left. Suspicion centered on two rival landowners, Oliver M. Lee and Albert B. Fall. The bodies were never discovered.

pos: Albert B. Fall Albert Bacon Fall (November 26, 1861November 30, 1944) was a United States Senator from New Mexico and the Secretary of the Interior under President Warren G. Harding, infamous for his involvement in the Teapot Dome scandal.

neg: William A. Stevens William Asher Stevens (July 19, 1879 – March 9, 1941) was an American jurist and Republican Party politician who served as President of the New Jersey Senate and New Jersey Attorney General. As Attorney General he conducted the early phase of the state's investigation into the Lindbergh kidnapping.

neg: Cabinet Secretary (Australian minister) The Cabinet Secretary was a former title conferred on an Australian minister responsible for assisting the Prime Minister to manage the day-to-day procedural and operational matters of the Cabinet and any Cabinet committees. As per all other ministers in the Westminster system, the Cabinet Secretary was a sitting member of Parliament, chosen by the Prime Minister and officially appointed by the Governor-General. The Cabinet Secretary was a portfolio minister of the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet and existed at various stages between 2007 and 2017, when the position was abolished.

neg: Toni Jennings Antoinette Jennings (born May 17, 1949) is an American politician who was the 16th Lieutenant Governor of Florida. She was nominated to the office by Governor Jeb Bush in February 2003 to replace Frank Brogan, who resigned to become president of Florida Atlantic University. She was sworn in on March 3, 2003, becoming the first woman to hold the office. She declined to run for governor in 2006 even though she was reputed to be Bush's preferred choice as his successor.

neg: Hyatt 10 The term "Hyatt 10" refers to a group of seven secretaries of the Cabinet and three heads of government agencies in the Philippines who resigned their posts on July 8, 2005 as a result of the Hello Garci scandal, which allegedly implicated then-President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo in rigging the 2004 general election in her favor.

neg: Ampera Cabinet The Ampera Cabinet (Indonesian: "" ) was the Indonesian Cabinet which served under President Sukarno and later on, Acting President Suharto from July 1966 until October 1967. The Cabinet was formed after the Provisional People's Consultative Assembly (MPRS) session of 1966 which commissioned Suharto to form a new Cabinet. Although Sukarno would not be removed from the Presidency for some months, for all intents and purposes, the person who was truly in charge of the Cabinet and Indonesia by this point was Suharto.

neg: Disappearance of Jorge Julio López Jorge Julio López (born 1929, in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina) is an Argentine retired bricklayer, who was kidnapped during the National Reorganization Process, and disappeared again during the democratic government of President Néstor Kirchner after testifying in trial against Dirty War criminal Miguel Etchecolatz.

neg: Associate Minister of National Defence (Canada) The Associate Minister of National Defence (French: "Ministre associé de la Défense nationale" ) is a member of the Canadian cabinet who is responsible for various files within the defence department as assigned by the Prime Minister or Defence Minister.

neg: Public Official A "Public Official A" is a high-ranking public official alleged to be involved in political corruption during United States Attorney Patrick Fitzgerald's investigation of corruption in the State of Illinois. The identity of Public Official A has not been officially released and the official has not been indicted, but a judge has confirmed that the person is former Illinois Governor Rod Blagojevich.

neg: Environment minister An environment minister (sometimes minister of the environment or secretary of the environment) is a cabinet position charged with protecting the natural environment and promoting wildlife conservation. The areas associated with the duties of an "environmental minister" depends largely of the needs of an individual countries or states.

neg: William J. Dyess William Jennings Dyess (August 1, 1929 — January 6, 1996) was an American diplomat who served as Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs from 1980 to 1981 and as United States Ambassador to the Netherlands from 1982 to 1983.

neg: Alexander Butterfield Alexander Porter Butterfield (born April 6, 1926) is a retired U.S. military officer, public servant, and businessman. He served as the deputy assistant to President Richard Nixon from 1969 to 1973. He revealed the existence of the White House taping system on July 13, 1973, during the Watergate scandal investigation, but had no involvement in the scandal. From 1973 to 1975, he served as administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration.

neg: Oscar Lathlin Oscar Lathlin (May 20, 1947 – November 1, 2008) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada, and was a cabinet minister in the New Democratic Party government of Gary Doer.

neg: Leonard Marchand Leonard Stephen "Len" Marchand, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (November 16, 1933 – June 3, 2016) was a Canadian politician. He was the first person of First Nations status to serve in the federal cabinet, after being the first Status Indian elected and serving as a Member of Parliament. He served as Parliamentary Secretary, Minister of State, Minister of the Environment and Senator.

neg: Shadow Cabinet of Simon Crean The Shadow Cabinet of Australia is a group of senior Opposition spokespeople who form an alternative Cabinet to the government's, whose members shadow or mark each individual Minister or portfolio of the Government. The Shadow Cabinet was led by Simon Crean from November 2001 to December 2003.

neg: Philip McBride Sir Philip Albert Martin McBride KCMG (18 June 1892 – 14 July 1982) was an Australian politician. He was a United Australia Party member of the Australian House of Representatives for Grey from 1931 to 1937 and the Australian Senate from 1937 to 1944, and a Liberal Party of Australia member of the House of Representatives for Wakefield from 1946 to 1958. He served as a minister in both of Robert Menzies' governments, as Minister for the Army and Minister for Repatriation (1940), Minister for Supply and Development and Minister for Munitions (1940–1941), Minister for the Interior (1949–1950), and Minister for Defence (1950–1958).

neg: Larry O'Brien Lawrence Francis O'Brien Jr. (July 7, 1917September 28, 1990) was one of the United States Democratic Party's leading electoral strategists for more than two decades. He served as Postmaster General in the cabinet of President Lyndon Johnson.

neg: Judith Collins Judith Anne Collins (born 24 February 1959) is a New Zealand politician and lawyer, and is currently Minister of Revenue, Minister of Energy and Resources, and Minister for Ethnic Communities. Born in Hamilton and as of 2015 residing in Auckland, she graduated in law and taxation and worked in this field from 1981 until 2002, including running her own practice for a decade. She entered Parliament in the 2002 election as an electorate MP for the centre-right New Zealand National Party and became a Cabinet minister when National came into government in 2008. Her initial ministerial portfolios were Police, Corrections and Veterans' Affairs. After the 2011 election , her portfolios changed to Justice (including responsibility for the Law Commission), Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC) and Ethnic Affairs. With a fifth-placed ranking, she was the highest ranked woman in the Cabinet. She resigned from Cabinet on 30 August 2014 following e-mail leaks alleging she had undermined the head of the Serious Fraud Office when she was the Minister responsible for that organisation; she was later cleared of any wrongdoing.

neg: Petticoat affair The Petticoat affair (also known as the Eaton affair) was an 1829–1831 U.S. scandal involving members of President Andrew Jackson's Cabinet and their wives. Led by Floride Calhoun, wife of Vice President John C. Calhoun, these women (the "petticoats") socially ostracized John Eaton, the Secretary of War, and his wife Peggy over disapproval of the circumstances surrounding their marriage and what they considered her failure to meet the moral standards of a cabinet wife. The affair shook up the Jackson administration and led to the resignation of all but one cabinet member. It facilitated Martin Van Buren's rise to the presidency and was, in part, responsible for Calhoun's transformation from a national political figure with presidential aspirations into a sectional leader of the slave-holding Southern states.

neg: Arthur Cardin Pierre Joseph Arthur Cardin, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (June 28, 1879 – October 20, 1946) also known as Arthur Cardin was a Canadian politician who quit the cabinet of William Lyon Mackenzie King over the issue of conscription.

neg: Marc Lalonde Marc Lalonde, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (] ; born July 26, 1929) is a retired Canadian politician and Cabinet minister.


query: "God Made Girls" is a song recorded by a American country music artist who was born when?

pos: God Made Girls "God Made Girls" is a song recorded by American country music artist RaeLynn. It was released to country radio on June 30, 2014. RaeLynn co-wrote the song with Nicolle Galyon, Lori McKenna and Liz Rose.

pos: RaeLynn Racheal Lynn Woodward (born May 4, 1994), better known as RaeLynn, is an American singer and songwriter who was a contestant on "The Voice" in season two (2012). She was eliminated in the quarterfinals.

neg: Al Rogers Al Rogers (born July 24, 1926) is an American Country and Western singer.

neg: Bobby Borchers Robert Jerome "Bobby" Borchers (born June 19, 1952 in Cincinnati, Ohio) is an American country music singer.

neg: Rodney Crowell Rodney Crowell (born August 7, 1950) is an American musician, known primarily for his work as a singer and songwriter in country music. Crowell has had five number one singles on Hot Country Songs, all from his 1988 album "Diamonds & Dirt". He has also written songs and produced for other artists.

neg: Jon Pardi Jonathan Ryan "Jon" Pardi (born May 20, 1985) is an American country music singer, songwriter, and record producer, signed to Capitol Nashville. He has released two studio albums, one extended play, and six singles that have charted on the Hot Country Songs and Country Airplay charts.

neg: Katrina Elam Katrina Ruth Elam (born December 12, 1983 in Bray, Oklahoma) is an American country music singer and songwriter. Signed to Universal South Records in 2004, she released her self-titled debut album that year, charting in the "Billboard" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) with the No. 29 "No End in Sight" and the No. 59 "I Want a Cowboy". A third single, "Love Is", peaked at No. 47 from an unreleased second album "Turn Me Up". Elam left the label in 2008.

neg: God's Will "God's Will" is a song recorded by American country music artist Martina McBride. It was released in December 2004 as the fourth single from her album "Martina". The song was written by Barry Dean and Tom Douglas.

neg: Tammy Cochran Tammy Cochran (born January 30, 1972) is an American country music artist. Signed to Epic Records Nashville in 2000, she released her self titled debut album that year, followed a year later by "Life Happened". These two albums produced a total of six chart singles for her on the "Billboard" country charts between 2000 and 2003, of which the highest-charting was "Angels in Waiting" at No. 9. A third album, "Where I Am", followed in 2007.

neg: Rob Crosby Robert Crosby Hoar (born April 25, 1954) is an American country music artist, known professionally as Rob Crosby. Between 1990 and 1996, Rob charted eight singles on the U.S. "Billboard" Hot Country Singles & Tracks charts. He has also recorded six studio albums, with his most recent, "Catfish Day", being released in 2007. He also co-wrote Eric Paslay's 2014 single "Friday Night", The Common Linnets' 2014 single "Calm After the Storm", Martina McBride's 2003 single "Concrete Angel", Andy Griggs' 2000 single "She's More" and Lee Greenwood's 1990 single "Holdin' a Good Hand" and has written songs for Lady Antebellum, Carl Perkins, Paul Simon, Brooks & Dunn, Restless Heart, Blackhawk, Darryl Worley, Boy Howdy, Ty Herndon, Don Williams, Ilse DeLange, Trace Adkins, Lee Brice and more.

neg: Anita Cochran Anita Renee Cockerham (born February 6, 1967), known professionally as Anita Cochran, is an American country music singer, songwriter, guitarist and record producer. Signed to Warner Bros. Records in 1997, she made her debut on the U.S. country charts that year with the release of her first album "Back to You". It produced the hit single "What If I Said", a duet with country music artist Steve Wariner, which reached Number One in early 1998, producing not only Anita's first Number One overall, but also Wariner's first Number One since 1989. Although she never entered the Top 40 on the country charts again, she recorded a second album for Warner Bros. before being dropped in 2004.

neg: Country Girls "Country Girls" is a song written by Troy Seals and Eddie Setser, and recorded by American country music artist John Schneider. It was released in December 1984 as the second single from the album "Too Good to Stop Now". "Country Girls" was John Schneider's second number one on the country chart. The single went to number one for one week, and spent a total of fourteen weeks on the country chart.

neg: Emily West Emily Marie Nemmers (born July 9, 1981) is an American music artist, who performs and records under the name Emily West. Signed to Capitol Records Nashville, she debuted on "Billboard's" Hot Country Songs charts in early 2008 with the single "Rocks in Your Shoes". This song peaked at No. 39 early in the year, and is the first single from a self-titled EP. She entered the country charts a second time with "Blue Sky", a duet with Keith Urban, in 2010.

neg: Alan Jackson Alan Eugene Jackson (born October 17, 1958) is an American singer and songwriter. He is known for blending traditional honky tonk and mainstream country sounds and penning many of his own songs. Jackson has recorded 16 studio albums, three greatest hits albums, two Christmas albums, two gospel albums and several compilations.

neg: Song About a Girl "Song About a Girl" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Eric Paslay. It was released on February 18, 2014, as the third single from Paslay's self-titled debut album. Paslay wrote the song with Jessi Alexander and Gordie Sampson.

neg: Clay Blaker Randall Clay Blaker (born June 27, 1950) is an American country musician, singer-songwriter, and producer based in Texas for most of his career. His songs have been recorded by many other artists, including George Strait, Tim McGraw, The Derailers, LeAnn Rimes, Doug Sahm, Johnny Mathis and Barbra Streisand. Blaker has also been a popular regional entertainer and has released several albums of his own material with his band, the Texas Honky-Tonk Band.

neg: Girls, Women and Ladies "Girl, Women and Ladies" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Ed Bruce. It was released in November 1980 as the third single from the album "Ed Bruce". The song reached No. 14 on the "Billboard" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. Bruce wrote the song with his wife Patsy and Ron Peterson.

neg: Mindy McCready Malinda Gayle "Mindy" McCready (November 30, 1975 – February 17, 2013) was an American country music singer. Active from 1995 until her death in 2013, she recorded a total of five studio albums. Her debut album, 1996's "Ten Thousand Angels", was released on BNA Records and was certified 2× Platinum by the RIAA, while 1997's "If I Don't Stay the Night" was certified Gold. 1999's "I'm Not So Tough", her final album for BNA, was less successful, and she left the label. A self-titled fourth album followed in 2002 on Capitol Records. McCready's fifth and final studio album, "I'm Still Here", was released in March 2010 on Iconic Records.

neg: Gretchen Wilson Gretchen Frances Wilson (born June 26, 1973) is an American country music artist. She made her debut in 2004 with the Grammy Award-winning single "Redneck Woman," a number-one hit on the "Billboard" country charts. The song served as the lead-off single of her debut album, "Here for the Party". Wilson followed this album one year later with "All Jacked Up", the title track of which became the highest-debuting single for a female country artist upon its 2005 release. A third album, "One of the Boys", was released in 2007.

neg: Danni Leigh Danni Leigh (born February 9, 1970 in Strasburg, Virginia, U.S.) is an American country music singer. At age 19, she relocated to Orlando, Florida, intending to audition as a singer at Disney World but ended up moving to Nashville in 1994.

neg: Western Girls "Western Girls" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Marty Stuart. It was released in September 1990 as the fourth single from the album "Hillbilly Rock". The song reached #20 on the "Billboard" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. It was written by Stuart and Paul Kennerley.

neg: Girl from the North Country "Girl from the North Country" (occasionally known as "Girl "of" the North Country") is a song written by Bob Dylan. It was recorded at Columbia Recording Studios in New York City in April 1963, and released the following month as the second track on Dylan's second studio album, "The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan." Dylan re-recorded the song as a duet with Johnny Cash in February 1969. That recording became the opening track on "Nashville Skyline", Dylan's ninth studio album.


query: What Mike-Leigh-directed British drama film did Sheila Kelley act in?

pos: Sheila Kelley (British actress) Sheila Kelley is a British television actress. Her career began in 1974, in the series "Village Hall". Further notable appearances were in the series "Within These Walls" (1978), "Empire Road" (1978), "Play for Today" (1975, 1976, 1982), "A Touch of Frost" (1994), "Dangerfield" (1998) and "Dalziel and Pascoe" (1997, 2000). She also acted in movies, including "Wish You Were Here" (1987) and "Secrets & Lies" (1996).

pos: Secrets & Lies (film) Secrets & Lies is a 1996 British drama film written and directed by Mike Leigh. Led by an ensemble cast consisting of many Leigh regulars, it stars Marianne Jean-Baptiste as Hortense, a well-educated black middle-class London optometrist, who was adopted as a baby and has chosen to trace her family history – only to discover that her birth mother, Cynthia, played by Brenda Blethyn, is a working-class white woman with a dysfunctional family. Claire Rushbrook co-stars as Cynthia's other daughter Roxanne, while Timothy Spall and Phyllis Logan portray Cynthia's brother and sister-in-law, who have secrets of their own affecting their everyday family life.

neg: Sheila Terry (actress) Sheila Terry (March 5, 1910 – January 19, 1957) was an American film actress. She was born Kay Clark in Warroad, Minnesota.

neg: Lily of Killarney (1934 film) Lily of Killarney is a 1934 British musical film directed by Maurice Elvey and starring John Garrick, Gina Malo and Leslie Perrins. The film was made at Twickenham Studios. It is based on the play "The Colleen Bawn" by the Irish writer Dion Boucicault. The film's sets were designed by the art director James A. Carter.

neg: The House Across the Lake The House Across the Lake is a 1954 British crime drama film released in the United States as Heat Wave. The film noir drama, filmed and set in England, stars Alex Nicol and Hillary Brooke, who are the only Americans in the cast, although Brooke plays a British character, as she did in most films. (Her mastery of a "posh" accent caused her to be typecast as British in Hollywood films starting in the 1940s.)

neg: Gillian Kearney Gillian Louise Kearney (born 9 May 1972, Liverpool, Merseyside) is an English actress best known for her early role as Debbie McGrath in Channel 4's Liverpool-based soap opera "Brookside" and the spin-off mini-series "Damon and Debbie", and for playing Jessica Harrison in the long-running BBC television medical drama series "Casualty", as well as Emma Barton in the ITV Yorkshire-based soap opera "Emmerdale".

neg: The Wicked Lady (1983 film) The Wicked Lady is a 1983 British drama film directed by Michael Winner. It was screened out of competition at the 1983 Cannes Film Festival. It is a remake of the 1945 film of the same name, which was one of the popular series of Gainsborough melodramas.

neg: West of Zanzibar (1954 film) West of Zanzibar is a 1954 British adventure film directed by Harry Watt and starring Anthony Steel, Sheila Sim and Edric Connor.

neg: The Feminine Touch (1956 film) The Feminine Touch is a 1956 British drama film directed by Pat Jackson and starring George Baker, Belinda Lee and Delphi Lawrence. The film is based on the bestselling novel "A Lamp Is Heavy" by Canadian former nurse Sheila Mackay Russell, and consequently it was released as A Lamp Is Heavy in Canada, while it was given the title The Gentle Touch in the United States, when it was released there in December 1957.

neg: The Story of Esther Costello The Story of Esther Costello is a 1957 British drama film starring Joan Crawford, Rossano Brazzi, and Heather Sears (who won a BAFTA as Best British Actress for her performance). The film is an exposé of large-scale fundraising. "The Story of Esther Costello" was produced by David Miller and Jack Clayton, with Miller directing. The screenplay by Charles Kaufman was based on the 1952 novel by Nicholas Monsarrat. It was distributed by Columbia Pictures.

neg: Home at Seven (film) Home at Seven is a 1952 British mystery drama film directed by and starring Ralph Richardson. It also featured Margaret Leighton, Jack Hawkins, Campbell Singer and Michael Shepley. It was based on the play "Home at Seven" by R. C. Sherriff. The film remains Richardson's only work as a film director. It follows a man who returns to his suburban home one evening to discover that he has been missing for 24 hours, despite not remembering the 'lost' day.

neg: Geraldine Fitzgerald (British actress) Geraldine Fitzgerald is a British actress who has appeared in many stage shows and television programmes.

neg: Mandy (film) Mandy is a 1952 British film about a family's struggle to give their deaf daughter a better life. It was directed by Alexander Mackendrick and is based on the novel "The Day Is Ours" by Hilda Lewis. It stars Phyllis Calvert, Jack Hawkins and Terence Morgan, and features the first film appearance by Jane Asher. In the US the film was released as The Story of Mandy, later also distributed as Crash of Silence.

neg: Sally (2000 film) Sally is a 2000 American drama film starring Rachael Leigh Cook, Michael Weston, and Fatmir Haskaj, and written and directed by first time director David Goldsmith who also appears in the film as Jack.

neg: Two English Girls Two English Girls (original French title: Les Deux Anglaises et le Continent, UK Title: Anne and Muriel), is a 1971 French romantic drama film directed by François Truffaut and adapted from a 1956 novel of the same name by Henri-Pierre Roché. It stars Jean-Pierre Léaud as Claude, Kika Markham as Anne, and Stacey Tendeter as Muriel. Truffaut restored 20 minutes of footage, which fills out the characters, before his death in 1984.

neg: Georgina Lowe Georgina Lowe is a British film and television producer, who has produced director Mike Leigh's films since 2009.

neg: Good for Nothing (2012 film) Good for Nothing is a 2012 New Zealand-made Western film starring Inge Rademeyer & Cohen Holloway, and directed by Mike Wallis. The film along with director Mike Wallis has been included in Leonard Maltin’s ‘Fifty Notable Debut Features of the Past Twenty Years’ list in The New York Times bestseller – Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide.

neg: Loyalties (1987 film) Loyalties (also known as Double allégeance) is a 1987 British/Canadian drama film written and directed by Anne Wheeler. It was shot in Lac la Biche, Alberta.

neg: Saints and Sinners (1949 film) Saints and Sinners is a 1949 British comedy drama film directed by Leslie Arliss and starring Kieron Moore, Christine Norden and Sheila Manahan. The film follows life in small Irish town, where a man is wrongly accused of theft.

neg: The National Health (film) The National Health is a 1973 British comedy film directed by Jack Gold and starring Lynn Redgrave, Colin Blakely and Eleanor Bron. It is based on the play "The National Health" by Peter Nichols, in which the staff struggle to cope in an underfunded NHS hospital. The film satirically interweaves the story of the real hospital with a fantasy hospital which exists in a soap-opera world where all the equipment is new and patients are miraculously cured - although the only "patients" seen are doctors or nurses who are themselves part of the soap opera plots. In the real hospital, the patients die while the out-of-touch administrators focus on impressing foreign visitors.

neg: Sheila Fearn Sheila Fearn (born 3 October 1940 in Leicester, Leicestershire) is a retired British actress best known for playing Audrey, the sister of Terry Collier in BBC situation comedies "The Likely Lads" and "Whatever Happened to the Likely Lads?", and also later on as Ann Fourmile, the next door neighbour in the popular Thames Television sitcom "George and Mildred".

neg: Katrin Cartlidge Katrin Juliet Cartlidge (15 May 1961 – 7 September 2002) was an English actress. She first appeared on screen as Lucy Collins in the Channel 4 soap opera "Brookside" (1982–83), before going on to win the 1997 Evening Standard Film Award for Best Actress for the Mike Leigh film "Career Girls". Her other film appearances included Leigh's "Naked" (1993), "Before the Rain" (1994), "Breaking the Waves", (1996), and "From Hell" (2001).


query: Vortex Garten is a garden that alludes to the discovery of levitational force by the naturalist of what nationality?

pos: Vortex Garten The Vortex Garden is a privately owned public garden in the Hessian city of Darmstadt (Germany). It is a pantheistic permaculture garden at the art nouveau area of Mathildenhoehe and alludes to Viktor Schauberger’s discovery of “levitational force” through artistic depictions by internationally renowned sculptors including John Wilkes, Jacopo Foggini, Jerome Abel Seguin and Hyesung Hyun. The garden is the private property of Henry Nold of Darmstadt, but is open to the public.

pos: Viktor Schauberger Viktor Schauberger (30 June 1885 in Holzschlag, Upper Austria – 25 September 1958 in Linz, Austria) was an Austrian forest caretaker, naturalist, pseudoscientistref>Ronald Engert: "Die Forellenturbine als Prinzip der kostenlosen Energiegewinnung. Freie Energie durch Implosion".</ref>, philosopher, inventor and biomimicry experimenter.

neg: Willem 's Gravesande Willem Jacob 's Gravesande (26 September 1688 – 28 February 1742) was a Dutch mathematician and natural philosopher, chiefly remembered for developing experimental demonstrations of the laws of classical mechanics. As professor of mathematics, astronomy, and philosophy at Leiden University, he helped to propagate Isaac Newton's ideas in Continental Europe.

neg: Auguste Arthur de la Rive Auguste Arthur de la Rive (October 9, 1801November 27, 1873) was a Swiss physicist. De la Rive's first scientific publication was on the influence of the Earth's magnetism upon a movable frame traversed by a voltaic current, published in 1822, and followed by a memoir upon Caustics, which appeared in 1823. Over a period of fifty years, De la Rive made numerous contributions to science, which were published in the "Mémoires de la Société de Physique et d'Histoire Naturelle de Genève" or in the "Bibliothèque universelle de Genève".

neg: Kenneth C. Brugger Kenneth C. Brugger (16 June 1918 – 25 November 1998) was an American naturalist and self-taught textile engineer. He is noted for discovering, with his wife Catalina Trail, the location of the overwintering sites of the monarch butterfly, "Danaus plexippus".

neg: Patrick d'Arcy Patrick d'Arcy (27 September 1725 – 18 October 1779) was born in the west of Ireland. His family, who were Catholics, suffered under the penal laws. In 1739 d'Arcy was sent abroad by his parents to an uncle in Paris. He was tutored in mathematics by Jean-Baptiste Clairaut, and became a friend of Jean-Baptiste's son, Alexis-Claude Clairaut, (Alexis Clairaut), who was a brilliant young mathematician. d'Arcy made original contributions to dynamics. He is best known for his part in the discovery of the principle of angular momentum, in a form which was known as "the principle of areas," which he announced in 1746. See the article on areal velocity. d'Arcy also had an illustrious military career in the French army. He obtained the title of "Count" in the French nobility. He was a generous patron of Irish refugees in France. In addition to his contributions to dynamics, he performed research on artillery and on electricity. An experiment of his, reported in 1765, on visual perception is often referred to: it involved a rotating disk on which a burning coal was placed; when the disk was spun at an angular velocity exceeding seven revolutions per second, a full circle of light was perceived. This and other experiments makes d'Arcy the first person to demonstrate the illusion of a moving image; although Joseph Plateau greatly elaborated on this initial finding. d'Arcy was elected to the Academie Royale des Sciences in 1749. He died from cholera in Paris in October 1779.

neg: List of parson-naturalists Parson-naturalists were ministers of religion who also studied natural history. The archetypical parson-naturalist was a priest in the Church of England in charge of a country parish, who saw the study of science as an extension of his religious work. The philosophy entailed the belief that God, as the Creator of all things, wanted man to understand his Creations and thus to study them through scientific techniques. They often collected and preserved natural artefacts such as leaves, flowers, birds' eggs, birds, insects, and small mammals to classify and study. Some wrote books or kept nature diaries.

neg: Jean-Baptiste Van Mons Jean-Baptiste Van Mons (11 November 1765 Brussels — 6 September 1842 Leuven) was a Belgian physicist, chemist, botanist, horticulturist and pomologist, and professor of chemistry and agronomy at Louvain (1817-1830). Van Mons carried out the first recorded selective breeding of the European Pear through cycles of seed propagation.

neg: George Charles Wallich George Charles Wallich (16 November 1815 – 31 March 1899) was a British medical doctor and marine biologist. He was the son of the Danish naturalist Nathaniel Wallich. He won the Linnean Medal in 1898.

neg: Oliver Sacks Oliver Wolf Sacks, CBE, FRCP (9 July 1933 – 30 August 2015) was a British neurologist, naturalist, historian of science, and author. Born in Great Britain, and mostly educated there, he spent his career in the United States. He believed that the brain is the "most incredible thing in the universe." He became widely known for writing best-selling case histories about both his patients' and his own disorders and unusual experiences, with some of his books adapted for plays by major playwrights, feature films, animated short films, opera, dance, fine art, and musical works in the classical genre.

neg: Terrella A terrella (Latin for "little earth") is a small magnetised model ball representing the Earth, that is thought to have been invented by the English physician William Gilbert while investigating magnetism, and further developed 300 years later by the Norwegian scientist and explorer Kristian Birkeland, while investigating the aurora.

neg: Maurice Burton Maurice Burton (28 March 1898 – 9 September 1992) was a British zoologist and popular science author, who produced many natural history encyclopedias and books including a skeptical treatment of the Loch Ness Monster.

neg: Nicolas Fatio de Duillier Nicolas Fatio de Duillier {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (also spelled Faccio or Facio; 16 February 1664 – 12 May 1753) was a Swiss-born mathematician, natural philosopher, and inventor. He spent much of his adult life in England and Holland. Fatio is known for his work on the zodiacal light problem in astronomy, for originating the "push" or "shadow" theory of gravitation, for his close association with both Christiaan Huygens and Isaac Newton, and for his role in the Newton v. Leibniz calculus controversy. He also invented and developed the first method for fabricating jewel bearings for mechanical watches and clocks.

neg: Antoine Lavoisier Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier (also Antoine Lavoisier after the French Revolution; ] ; 26 August 17438 May 1794;) was a French nobleman and chemist central to the 18th-century chemical revolution and had a large influence on both the history of chemistry and the history of biology. He is widely considered in popular literature as the "father of modern chemistry".

neg: Johann Hedwig Johann Hedwig (8 December 1730 – 18 February 1799), also seen as Johannes Hedwig or Latinised as Joannis Hedwig, was a German botanist notable for his studies of mosses (for which he is sometimes called the father of bryology), in particular the observation of sexual reproduction in the cryptogams.

neg: Mathurin Jacques Brisson Mathurin Jacques Brisson (30 April 1723 – 23 June 1806) was a French zoologist and natural philosopher.

neg: Joseph-Philippe-François Deleuze Joseph-Philippe-François Deleuze (1753, Sisteron – 31 October 1835, Paris) was an 18th–19th-century French naturalist.

neg: Johann Sturm Johann Christoph Sturm (3 November 1635 – 26 December 1703) was a German philosopher. Sturm is the author of "Physica Electiva" (1697), a book which criticized Leibniz and prompted him to publish a rebuke. Sturm's critique was aimed at Leibniz's view that Nature and/or its constituent parts possess some creative force of their own. This criticism was partly theological, in that Sturm claimed Leibniz's view of Nature undermined the sovereignty of the Creator.

neg: Louis-Jean-Marie Daubenton Louis-Jean-Marie Daubenton (29 May 1716 – 1 January 1800) was a French naturalist and contributor to the Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers".

neg: Charles Louis L'Héritier de Brutelle Charles Louis L'Héritier de Brutelle (] ; 15 June 1746 – 18 August 1800) was an 18th-century French botanist and magistrate. Born into an affluent upper-class Parisian family, connections with the French Royal Court secured him the position of Superintendent of Parisian Waters and Forests at the age of twenty-six. In this capacity, L'Héritier conducted various studies of native trees and shrubs, also gaining interest in exotic flora.

neg: Alexander Garden (naturalist) Alexander Garden FRSE FRS (January 1730 – 15 April 1791) was a Scottish physician, botanist and zoologist. The gardenia flower is named after him. He lived for many years in Charleston, South Carolina, using his spare time to study plants and living creatures, and sending specimens to Carl Linnaeus.

neg: Guillaume Rondelet Guillaume Rondelet (27 September 150730 July 1566), known also as Rondeletus (Rondeletius), was Regius professor of medicine at the University of Montpellier in southern France and Chancellor of the University between 1556 and his death in 1566. He achieved renown as an anatomist and a naturalist with a particular interest in botany and zoology. His major work was a lengthy treatise on marine animals, which took two years to write and became a standard reference work for about a century afterwards, but his lasting impact lay in his education of a roster of star pupils who became leading figures in the world of late-16th century science.


query: Which genus has more species, Cibotium or Crowea?

pos: Cibotium Cibotium (from the Greek "kibootion", meaning chest or box) is a genus of 11 species of tropical tree fern—subject to much confusion and revision—distributed fairly narrowly in Hawaiʻ i (four species, plus a hybrid, collectively known as hāpuʻ u), Southeast Asia (five species), and the cloud forests of Central America and Mexico (two species). Some of the species currently listed in the literature seem to be synonyms or local-variant subspecies. "Cibotium glaucum", from Hawaiʻ i, is the most frequently encountered "Cibotium" species in the horticultural trade, together with its sibling species "Cibotium chamissoi" and the potentially huge "Cibotium menziesii". The remaining Hawaiian "Cibotium", "C. nealiae", is a 1 m dwarf variety, restricted to the island of Kauaʻ i that is never seen in the horticultural trade. Precise identification of "Cibotium" species is difficult, although all have shiny and rather waxy fronds when viewed from above, with varying degrees of powdery-pale blush when seen from underneath. The natural habitat of "Cibotium" is among the dripping trees and stream gullies of the rainforests on Hawaiʻ i's windward volcanic slopes.

pos: Crowea Crowea is a genus of small evergreen shrubs in the plant family Rutaceae sometimes known as Waxflowers. There are three species and many subspecies and cultivars, all of which are popular as ornamentals because of their abundant, attractive flowers which often occur during autumn and winter. "Crowea" species are all endemic to Australia, where they occur in Victoria, New South Wales and Western Australia.

neg: Cibotium schiedei Cibotium schiedei, common name Mexican tree fern, is a species of tree fern, of the genus "Cibotium".

neg: Zoegea Zoegea is a genus of flowering plants in the thistle tribe within the daisy family.

neg: Caralluma Caralluma is a genus of flowering plants in the dogbane family, Apocynaceae, consisting of about 120 species.

neg: Chlorotylium In taxonomy, Chlorotylium is a genus of green algae, in the family Chaetophoraceae.

neg: Citharacanthus Citharacanthus is a genus of New World tarantulas (family Theraphosidae). They are found in Central America and the Antilles.

neg: Cibotium cumingii Cibotium cumingii is a species of tree fern, of the genus "Cibotium". It is named after the 19th century collector, Hugh Cuming. Its apex and young fronds are covered with reddish hairs. It can be found growing in open forest or in hilly areas in the Philippines and in Taiwan.

neg: Careya Careya is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lecythidaceae first described as a genus in 1819. It is native to the Indian Subcontinent, Afghanistan, Indochina, and Peninsular Malaysia.

neg: Ethusa Ethusa is a genus of crabs in the family Ethusidae.

neg: Boisea Boisea is the least speciose genus of the soapberry bug subfamily. Members of this genus are found in North America, India, and Africa. Unlike other serinethine genera, the distribution of "Boisea" is very patchy; it is speculated that its highly vicariant range is relictual of what was previously a much vaster, continuous range. The most well-known species of this genus are the North American boxelder bugs (western "Boisea rubrolineata" and eastern "Boisea trivittata") and African "Boisea fulcrata". The US species mainly feed on the seeds of Maple trees and are occasional nuisance pests around homes.

neg: Cinnycerthia Cinnycerthia is a genus of bird in the wren family, Troglodytidae. It contains four species which inhabit the undergrowth of montane forests in the Andes. None of them are considered to be threatened with extinction and they are classified as species of Least Concern by BirdLife International. They are 14–16.5 cm long and have a fairly short bill and fairly plain reddish-brown plumage with dark bars on the wings and tail. The name of the genus is a combination of "Cinnyris", a genus of sunbirds, and "Certhia", a genus of treecreepers.

neg: Quinoa Quinoa ( or , from Quechua "kinwa " or "kinuwa ") is the common name for Chenopodium quinoa, a flowering plant in the amaranth family Amaranthaceae. It is a herbaceous annual plant grown as a grain crop primarily for its edible seeds. Because it is not a grass, it is a pseudocereal rather than a true cereal. Quinoa is closely related to the edible plants beetroot, spinach, and amaranth ("Amaranthus spp."), another pseudocereal which it closely resembles.

neg: Crowea saligna Crowea saligna, commonly known as willow-leaved crowea, is a plant in the rue family, Rutaceae and is endemic to eastern New South Wales in Australia. It is a small shrub with attractive, pink, star-shaped flowers and is commonly cultivated.

neg: Corallorhiza Corallorhiza, the coralroot, is a genus of flowering plants in the orchid family. Except for the circumboreal "C. trifida", the genus is restricted to North America (including Mexico, Central America and the West Indies).

neg: Cannabaceae Cannabaceae is a small family of flowering plants. As now circumscribed, the family includes about 170 species grouped in about 11 genera, including "Cannabis" (hemp, marijuana), "Humulus" (hops) and "Celtis" (hackberries). "Celtis" is by far the largest genus, containing about 100 species.

neg: Homalanthus Homalanthus is a plant genus of the family Euphorbiaceae first described as a genus in 1824. It is the only genus in subtribe Carumbiinae. The genus is native to tropical Asia, Australia, and various islands in the Pacific.

neg: Corvus Corvus is a widely distributed genus of medium-sized to large birds in the family Corvidae. The genus includes species commonly known as crows, ravens, rooks and jackdaws; there is no consistent distinction between "crows" and "ravens", and these appellations have been assigned to different species chiefly on the basis of their size, crows generally being smaller than ravens.

neg: Acheilognathinae The bitterling-like cyprinids form the cyprinid subfamily Acheilognathinae. This subfamily contains four genera, although the Khanka spiny bitterling is often placed in "Acheilognathus", and at least 71 described species to date. Over half of the species are in the genus "Acheilognathus".

neg: Cyrillaceae The Cyrillaceae are a small family of flowering plants in the order Ericales, native to warm temperate to tropical regions of the Americas. The family comprises two genera, "Cliftonia" and "Cyrilla", each containing a single species, "Cliftonia monophylla" and "Cyrilla racemiflora". However, additional species of "Cyrilla" are now often recognized and the genus is in need of taxonomic revision.

neg: Cremanthodium Cremanthodium is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family.


query: When was the winner of the 1979 Brownlow Medal born?

pos: 1979 Brownlow Medal The 1979 Brownlow Medal was the 52nd year the award was presented to the player adjudged the fairest and best player during the Victorian Football League (VFL) home and away season. Peter Moore of the Collingwood Football Club won the medal by polling twenty-two votes during the 1979 VFL season.

pos: Peter Moore (Australian rules footballer) Peter Moore (born 11 January 1957) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Collingwood and Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

neg: Damien Brown Damien Brown (born 12 January 1975) is an Australian retired professional footballer.

neg: Leon Rice Leon Rice (born 23 August 1951) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Hawthorn in the VFL during the 1970s.

neg: Damien Peverill Damien Peverill (born 12 July 1979) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Essendon Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL) between 2001 and 2008. Peverill was known as a hard-working player whose no-nonsense approach to football, along with his consistency and ability to win plenty of the ball, were the hallmarks of his game.

neg: Barry Norsworthy Barry Norsworthy (born 16 October 1951) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL) during the late 1970s.

neg: Laurie Sandilands Laurie Sandilands (born 30 April 1949) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Footscray in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

neg: Leon Baker Leon Baker (born 17 August 1956) is a former Australian rules footballer who represented Essendon in the Victorian Football League (VFL) and Swan Districts in the West Australian Football League (WAFL) during the 1980s.

neg: 1969 Brownlow Medal The 1969 Brownlow Medal was the 42nd year the award was presented to the player adjudged the fairest and best player during the Victorian Football League (VFL) home and away season. Kevin Murray of the Fitzroy Football Club won the medal by polling nineteen votes during the 1969 VFL season.

neg: Jason Akermanis Jason Dean Akermanis (born 24 February 1977) is a former Australian rules football player. He is a Brownlow Medallist and triple premiership player who played for the Brisbane Bears, Brisbane Lions and Western Bulldogs.

neg: John Platten John Patrick Platten (born 17 March 1963) is a Brownlow and Magarey medal winning Australian rules footballer, who played for Hawthorn and Central Districts in the 1980s and 1990s.

neg: Shane Woewodin Shane Woewodin (born 12 July 1976) is a retired Australian rules football player who played 200 games with the Melbourne and Collingwood Football Clubs. He was the recipient of the Brownlow Medal in 2000. He formerly served as the Offensive Skills coach of the Brisbane Lions, and also as the head coach of the Lions' NEAFL reserves team.

neg: Graham Molloy Graham Molloy (born 26 June 1947) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Melbourne in the VFL during the 1970s.

neg: 1930 Brownlow Medal The 1930 Brownlow Medal was the seventh year the award was presented to the player adjudged the fairest and best player during the Victorian Football League (VFL) home and away season. Harry Collier of the Collingwood Football Club, Allan Hopkins of the Footscray Football Club, and Stan Judkins of the Richmond Football Club all won the medal by polling four votes during the 1930 VFL season. It was the first time the medal was won by more than one player in the same season.

neg: 1979 Hawthorn Football Club season The 1979 Hawthorn Football Club season was the clubs 55th season in the Victorian Football League (VFL). Hawthorn entered the season as the defending VFL Premiers.

neg: Peter Brown (Australian footballer, born 1963) Peter Brown (born 15 November 1963) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for St Kilda in the Victorian Football League (VFL) in 1985-86. He was recruited from the Boronia Football Club in the Eastern District Football League (EDFL).

neg: Bruce Neish Bruce Neish (born 23 August 1950) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Essendon and Footscray in the Victorian Football League (VFL) during the early 1970s.

neg: 1987 Brownlow Medal The 1987 Brownlow Medal was the 60th year the award was presented to the player adjudged the fairest and best player during the Victorian Football League (VFL) home and away season. Tony Lockett of the St Kilda Football Club and John Platten of the Hawthorn Football Club both won the medal by polling twenty votes during the 1987 VFL season.

neg: Shane Walsh (footballer) Shane Walsh (born 4 April 1959) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Footscray in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

neg: Darryl White Darryl White (born 12 June 1973) is an Australian rules footballer whose career with the Brisbane Bears and Lions in the Australian Football League (AFL) lasted from 1992 to 2005.

neg: Darren Williams (Australian rules footballer) Darren Williams (born 13 October 1960) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Essendon in the VFL during the 1980s.

neg: Tom Gilligan (footballer, born 1978) Thomas "Tom" Gilligan (born 3 November 1978) is an Australian rules footballer who once played in the Australian Football League.


query: In what year did the writer of the music of the Firebrand of Florence become a United States citizen?

pos: The Firebrand of Florence The Firebrand of Florence is a Broadway musical in two acts, written by Kurt Weill (music), Ira Gershwin (lyrics), and Edwin Justus Mayer and Gershwin, based on Mayer's play. The show opened at the Alvin Theatre (now the Neil Simon) on March 22, 1945 and closed on April 28 of the same year after 43 performances. The original production was directed by John Murray Anderson and conducted by Maurice Abravanel; it featured Lotte Lenya as Duchess.

pos: Kurt Weill Kurt Julian Weill (March 2, 1900April 3, 1950) was a German composer, active from the 1920s in his native country, and in his later years in the United States. He was a leading composer for the stage who was best known for his fruitful collaborations with Bertolt Brecht. With Brecht, he developed productions such as his best-known work "The Threepenny Opera", which included the ballad "Mack the Knife". Weill held the ideal of writing music that served a socially useful purpose. He also wrote several works for the concert hall. He became a United States citizen on August 27, 1943.

neg: Rudolf Friml Charles Rudolf Friml (December 7, 1879 – November 12, 1972) was a Czech-born composer of operettas, musicals, songs and piano pieces, as well as a pianist. After musical training and a brief performing career in his native Prague, Friml moved to the United States, where he became a composer. His best-known works are "Rose-Marie" and "The Vagabond King", each of which enjoyed success on Broadway and in London and were adapted for film.

neg: Amy Beach Amy Marcy Cheney Beach (September 5, 1867December 27, 1944) was an American composer and pianist. She was the first successful American female composer of large-scale art music. Her "Gaelic" Symphony, premiered by the Boston Symphony Orchestra in 1896, was the first symphony composed and published by an American woman. She was one of the first American composers to succeed without the benefit of European training, and one of the most respected and acclaimed American composers of her era. As a pianist, she was acclaimed for concerts she gave featuring her own music in the United States and in Germany.

neg: Eleanor Everest Freer Eleanor Everest Freer (born 14 May 1864, d. 13 Dec 1942) was an American composer and philanthropist.

neg: Simeon Bellison Simeon Bellison (September 4, 1881 – May 4, 1953), born in Moscow, was a clarinetist and composer. He became a naturalised American after settling in the US in 1921. Bellison established an early clarinet choir (including women) in the United States; from an initial eight members, the group's size grew by 1948 to 75 members. Bellison was later the first clarinetist of the New York Philharmonic. The Philharmonic's online archive contains papers related to Bellison's leadership of his Philharmonic-sponsored clarinet ensemble, including various clarinets owned by the Philharmonic for the group's use, insurance policies, and sale of many of these in 1943.

neg: Florence Maude Ewart Florence Maude Ewart (16 November 1864c. 8 November 1949?) was an English violinist, music educator and composer who lived and worked in Australia.

neg: Charles Tomlinson Griffes Charles Tomlinson Griffes (pron. "GRIFF-iss") (September 17, 1884 – April 8, 1920) was an American composer for piano, chamber ensembles and voice.

neg: Louis Keouli Thompson Louis Keouli Thompson (April 22, 1882 – July 15, 1937) better known by his stage name Segis Luvaun, was a Hawaiian singer and musician and the reported "King of Ukulele Players". Thompson, native to Hawai'i, claimed United States citizenship when Hawaii was annexed by the United States as a territory in 1898. He performed much of his life, first touring the United States and later throughout Scandinavia and Europe, many times for Royalty.

neg: List of songs composed by Jerome Kern This is an alphabetical list of Jerome Kern songs. Jerome Kern (January 27, 1885 – November 11, 1945) was an American composer of popular music and, according to a joint resolution passed by Congress, "the father of American musical theater". He wrote around 700 songs, including such classics as "Ol' Man River", "Can't Help Lovin' Dat Man", "A Fine Romance", "Smoke Gets in Your Eyes", "All the Things You Are", "The Way You Look Tonight", and "Who?". His career spanned dozens of Broadway musicals and Hollywood films from 1902 until his death.

neg: Peter K. Moran Peter K. Moran [P.K. Moran] (30 June 1767 – 10 February 1831) was an Irish pianist, composer, and music publisher – probably the earliest classical composer from Ireland to emigrate to the United States.

neg: John Woods Duke John Woods Duke (July 30, 1899 – October 26, 1984), an American composer and pianist born in Cumberland, Maryland, became arguably best known for his art songs.

neg: Wallingford Riegger Wallingford Constantine Riegger (April 29, 1885 – April 2, 1961) was an American music composer, well known for orchestral and modern dance music, and film scores. He was born in Albany, Georgia, but lived much of his life in New York City.

neg: Rand Steiger Rand Steiger (born June 18, 1957 in New York City) is an American composer, conductor, and pedagogue.

neg: Tryphosa Bates-Batcheller Tryphosa Bates-Batcheller (April 14, 1876–1952), born Tryphosa Duncan Bates, was an American socialite, club woman and concert singer. She is often mentioned in the same context as Florence Foster Jenkins: both are apt to be criticised as people who were publicly tolerated and even celebrated as singers due to their wealth and social position, despite a lack of talent.

neg: Manfred Bukofzer Manfred Fritz Bukofzer (March 27, 1910 – December 7, 1955) was a German-American musicologist and humanist. He studied at Heidelberg University and the Stern conservatory in Berlin, but left Germany in 1933, going to Basle, where he received his doctorate. In 1939 he moved to the United States where he remained, becoming a U.S. citizen. He taught at the University of California, Berkeley from 1941 until his premature death.

neg: Frederick C. Tillis Frederick Charles Tillis, PhD (born January 5, 1930), is an American composer, jazz saxophonist, poet, and music educator at the collegiate level.

neg: Louis Moreau Gottschalk Louis Moreau Gottschalk (New Orleans, May 8, 1829 – Rio de Janeiro, December 18, 1869) was an American composer and pianist, best known as a virtuoso performer of his own romantic piano works. He spent most of his working career outside of the United States.

neg: Karel Husa Karel Husa (August 7, 1921 – December 14, 2016) was a Czech-born classical composer and conductor, winner of the 1969 Pulitzer Prize for Music and 1993 University of Louisville Grawemeyer Award for Music Composition. In 1954, he emigrated to the United States and became an American citizen in 1959.

neg: Otto Floersheim Otto Floersheim [last name pronounced "Flairs-hime"] (born in Aix-la-Chapelle, 2 March 1853; died 1917) was a United States composer, critic and editor.

neg: Shirley Graham Du Bois Shirley Graham Du Bois (November 11, 1896 – March 27, 1977) was an American award-winning author, playwright, composer, and activist for African-American and other causes. In later life she married the noted thinker, writer, and activist W. E. B. Du Bois. The couple became citizens of Ghana in 1961 after they emigrated to that country. She won the Messner and the Anisfield-Wolf prizes for her works.

neg: Florence Morse Kingsley Florence Morse Kingsley (July 14, 1859November 7, 1937) was an American author of popular and religious fiction.


query: When did Randolph Churchill's former wife help form a nonprofit organization?

pos: American-Russian Cultural Cooperation Foundation The American-Russian Cultural Cooperation Foundation (ARCCF) is an American nonprofit focused on the promotion of American-Russian cultural dialogue and cooperation. Founded in 1992 by a group of prominent Americans, including former Missouri Congressman James W. Symington, Pamela Harriman, former Chief of Staff and Tennessee Senator Howard Baker, and businessman Bill Marriott, the nonprofit has organized concerts, exhibitions, galas, and other cultural events that highlight the history of American-Russian cultural interactions. It is currently headed by Eugene K. Lawson, former US Ambassador to the WTO and founder of the US-Russia Business Council. Former Soviet cultural attaché Alexander Potemkin has served as the organization's executive director since its creation. ARCCF is based in Washington, DC.

pos: Pamela Harriman Pamela Beryl Harriman ("née" Digby; 20 March 1920 – 5 February 1997), also known as Pamela Churchill Harriman, was an English-born American socialite who was married and linked to important and powerful men. In later life, she became a political activist for the Democratic Party and a diplomat. She was married three times, her first husband being Randolph Churchill, the son of prime minister Winston Churchill. Her only child, Winston Churchill, was named after his famous grandfather.

neg: BBC Media Action BBC Media Action, formerly known as the BBC World Service Trust, is the BBC's international development charity, funded independently by external grants and voluntary contributions. The purpose of the organisation is to use media and communication to reduce poverty, improve health and support people in understanding their rights. It works in partnership with the BBC World Service and other local media and development partners in over 35 developing and transitional countries around the world.

neg: Diane Meyer Simon Diane Meyer Simon (born Diane Irene Meyer) is an environmental activist, founder and leader of Global Green USA, member of the Green Cross International's (GCI) Honorary Board, and politician. She is the former wife of Indiana real estate billionaire Herbert Simon.

neg: Carnegie Foundation (Netherlands) The Carnegie Foundation (Dutch: "Carnegie Stichting" ) is an organization based in The Hague, Netherlands. It was founded in 1903 by Andrew Carnegie in order to manage his donation of US$1.5 million, which was used for the construction, management and maintenance of the Peace Palace. The Peace Palace was built to house the Permanent Court of Arbitration and a library of international law.

neg: Silver Thimble Fund The Silver Thimble Fund was founded by Miss Hope Elizabeth Hope-Clarke of Wimbledon in 1915 to collect damaged thimbles and other items made from precious metals, melt them down and raise money for medical equipment. It became "one of the most successful charities of the First World War".

neg: Marlborough House Marlborough House, a Grade I listed mansion in St James's (City of Westminster, Inner London), is the headquarters of the Commonwealth of Nations and the seat of the Commonwealth Secretariat. It was built for Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough, the favourite and confidante of Queen Anne. For over a century it served as the London residence of the Dukes of Marlborough.

neg: RNRMC RNRMC (full name Royal Navy and Royal Marines Charity) is a charity registered in England and Wales and Scotland. Its purpose is to support sailors, marines, and their families, for life. This includes the Royal Navy, Royal Marines, Maritime Reserves, QARNNS (Queen Alexandra's Royal Naval Nursing Service), the Royal Fleet Auxiliary and former members of the now defunct Women's Royal Naval Service.

neg: Phelps Stokes Fund The Phelps Stokes Fund (PS) is a nonprofit fund established in 1911 by the will of New York philanthropist Caroline Phelps Stokes, a member of the Phelps Stokes family. Created as the "Trustees of Phelps Stokes Fund", Phelps Stokes connects emerging leaders and organizations in Africa and the Americas with resources to help them advance social and economic development.

neg: Dayawati Modi Dayawati Modi (1915–1994) was a philanthropist and the wife of the founder of Modi Enterprises, Rai Bahadur Gujarmal Modi. People she helped due to her altruistic nature colloquially referred to her as "Maji" as a sign of respect and gratitude. Her contribution towards development of society in Modinagar and elsewhere was underlined by her dedication towards uplifting the underprivileged and providing educational opportunities to women and children.

neg: Leverhulme Trust The Leverhulme Trust ( ) is a large national grant-making foundation in the United Kingdom. It was established in 1925 under the will of William Lever, 1st Viscount Leverhulme, with the instruction that its resources should be used to support "scholarships for the purposes of research and education."

neg: Hanchett-Stamford v A-G The Performing and Captive Animals Defence League was founded as an unincorporated association in 1914, with the purpose of banning animals performing. It was decided the league had no charitable status in 1949, after "National Anti-Vivisection Society v IRC", because it was meant to change the law. Mr and Mrs Hanchett-Stamford joined as life members in the mid 1960s; he died in 2006 and she was the sole surviving member of the society. She decided to wind up and give the money to an active animal charity, seeking a declaration that the work and objects of the league were charitable under the Charities Act 2006 section 2(2)(k) and appointed herself and her solicitor as trustees of the fund, or just take the money herself.

neg: Phoebe Hearst Phoebe Elizabeth Apperson Hearst (December 3, 1842 – April 13, 1919) was an American philanthropist, feminist and suffragist. She was the mother of William Randolph Hearst and wife of George Hearst.

neg: Women Thrive Worldwide Women Thrive Worldwide formerly Women's Edge, is a nonpartisan coalition created in 1998 that advocates for international economic and human right policies that support women. Working with the U.S. government, the coalition encourages aid programs that benefit both trade promoters and the poorest people. The coalition's mission is "to advocate international economic policies and human rights that support women worldwide in ending poverty in their lives, communities and nations."

neg: Jane Spencer, Baroness Churchill Jane Spencer, Baroness Churchill VA ("née" Conyngham; 1 June 1826 – 24 December 1900) was an English peeress and companion of Queen Victoria.

neg: Laura Spencer-Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough Frances Laura Spencer-Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough ("née" Charteris; 10 August 1915 – 19 February 1990), was a British noblewoman and socialite. She was variously Viscountess Long, Countess of Dudley and became Duchess of Marlborough upon her fourth marriage, to John Spencer-Churchill, 10th Duke of Marlborough. She was the sister of novelist Hugo Charteris and Ann Charteris (who married Ian Fleming), as well as the granddaughter of Hugo Charteris, 11th Earl of Wemyss. Her third husband, Michael Temple Canfield, was the former husband of Lee Radziwill, sister of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis. During World War II, she served as an auxiliary nurse.

neg: Campaign for World Government The Campaign for World Government was established in 1937 by prominent feminists and peace activists Rosika Schwimmer and Lola Maverick Lloyd. It was the first World Federalist Organization in the 20th century.

neg: Cornwall Wildlife Trust The Cornwall Wildlife Trust is a charitable organisation founded in 1962 that is concerned solely with Cornwall, England.

neg: The Queen's Charities (Belgium) The Queen's Charities (Dutch: "Hulpfonds van de Koningin"; French: "Oeuvres de la Reine") is an organization intended to help the Queen of the Belgians in her philanthropic and social activities. In order to support the Queen, it collects information for her, and allocates the funds according to her instructions. When the Queen has a particular interest in an institution, the charity can participate in the creation or development of those institutions.

neg: Animal Aid Animal Aid, founded in 1977 by Jean Pink, is a British animal rights organisation. The group campaigns peacefully against all forms of animal abuse - including the consumption of animals as food and their use for medical research - and promotes a cruelty-free lifestyle. It also investigates and exposes animal cruelty.

neg: Richard and Helen DeVos Foundation The Richard and Helen DeVos Foundation is an American conservative non-profit organization and grant-making body formed in 1970. Based in Grand Rapids, Michigan, the organization was founded by Richard DeVos Sr., co-founder of the multi-level marketing company Amway and former finance chair of the Republican National Committee, and his wife Helen. As of 2014, the foundation had $54.9 million in assets. It is one of five non-profit organizations established and operated by the DeVos family; the others, all founded by siblings of Richard DeVos Jr., include the Dick and Betsy DeVos Foundation; the Daniel and Pamella DeVos Foundation; Cheri DeVos’ CDV5 Foundation; and the Douglas and Maria DeVos Foundation. The Richard and Helen DeVos Foundation provides funding to various organizations across three broad categories: political, religious, and educational.The founders, Richard and Helen, were awarded the William E. Simon Prize for Philanthropic Leadership in 2006.

neg: The Royal British Legion The Royal British Legion (RBL), sometimes called The British Legion or The Legion, is a British charity providing financial, social and emotional support to members and veterans of the British Armed Forces, their families and dependants.


query: What kind of dramatic work does Semele and Arabella have in common?

pos: Semele (Handel) Semele (HWV 58) is a 'musical drama', originally presented "after the manner of an oratorio", in three parts by George Frideric Handel. Based on a pre-existent opera libretto by William Congreve, the work is an opera in all but name but was first presented in concert form at Covent Garden theatre on 10 February 1744. The story comes from Ovid's Metamorphoses and concerns Semele, mother of Bacchus. Handel also referred to the work as 'The Story of Semele'.

pos: Arabella Arabella, Op. 79, is a lyric comedy or opera in three acts by Richard Strauss to a German libretto by Hugo von Hofmannsthal, their sixth and last operatic collaboration.

neg: Summer's Last Will and Testament Summer's Last Will and Testament is an Elizabethan stage play, a comedy written by Thomas Nashe. The play is notable for breaking new ground in the development of English Renaissance drama: "No earlier English comedy has anything like the intellectual content or the social relevance that it has."

neg: Liliane (novel) Liliane: Resurrection of The Daughter is a novel by Ntozake Shange. It was originally published by St. Martin's Press in 1994. The novel tells the coming of age story of a young Black woman, Liliane Parnell, through the numerous voices of childhood friends, family, lovers, acquaintances, conversations amongst Liliane and her psychoanalyst, and Liliane herself. Liliane is the daughter of a wealthy and prominent African American judge, Lincoln Parnell, and his beautiful wife Sunday Bliss Parnell who is working towards reconciling her life as an artist in the present with both the secrets and the expectations of class ascendance from her family's past.

neg: The Crusades, An Arab Perspective The Crusades: An Arab Perspective is a four-part series produced by Al Jazeera English, which presents the dramatic story of the medieval religious war through Arab eyes. The series provides a new perspective on the history of the Crusades for a global, English-speaking audience, that has largely read about or studied the famous struggle from a primarily Christian and Western point of view.

neg: Perikeiromene Perikeiromene (Greek: , translated as "The Girl with her Hair Cut Short", is a comedy by Menander (342/41 – 292/91 BC) that is only partially preserved on papyrus. Of an estimated total of between 1030 and 1091 lines, about 450 lines (between 40 and 45%) survive. Most acts lack their beginning and end, except that the transition between act I and II is still extant. The play may have been first performed in 314/13 BC or not much later.

neg: Loreley (opera) Loreley is an opera ("azione romantica") in three acts composed by Alfredo Catalani to a libretto by Angelo Zanardini, Carlo D'Ormeville and others. It premiered on 16 February 1890 at the Teatro Regio in Turin. Based on the German legend of the Lorelei, the opera is an extensive reworking of Catalani's four-act opera "Elda" which had premiered in Turin ten years earlier.

neg: Almondseed and Almondella Almondseed and Almondella is a Greek fairy tale collected by Georgios A. Megas in "Folktales of Greece".

neg: Nicomède Nicomède is a tragedy by French dramatist Pierre Corneille, first performed in 1651.

neg: Tevye and His Seven Daughters Tevye and His Seven Daughters (Hebrew: טוביה ושבע בנותיו  , translit. Tuvia Vesheva Benotav) is a 1968 Israeli drama film directed by Menahem Golan. The film is about a poor Russian Jew named Tevye who tries to make a living. When he slowly lands money, he attempts to get his daughters married. It was listed to compete at the 1968 Cannes Film Festival, but the festival was cancelled due to the events of May 1968 in France. It is based on stories by Sholom Aleichem, which are also the basis for the stage musical and 1971 film "Fiddler on the Roof".

neg: Alma (play) Alma is an example of site-specific promenade theatre (or more precisely a "polydrama") created by Israeli writer Joshua Sobol based on the life of Alma Mahler-Werfel. It opened in 1996, under the direction of Austrian Paulus Manker, at a former Jugendstil sanatorium building designed by architect Josef Hoffmann located in Purkersdorf near Vienna; and subsequently toured to locations in Venice, Lisbon, Los Angeles, Petronell, Berlin, Semmering, Jerusalem, and Prague.

neg: Arabella Plantin Arabella Plantin (born 1700) was an eighteenth century British novelist. She was the author of "The Ingrateful (Or, The Just Revenge)" (1727) and "Love Led Astray (Or, the Mutual Inconstancy)" (1731).

neg: Georgios Chortatzis Georgios Chortatzis or Chortatsis (Greek: Γεώργιος Χορτάτζης/Χορτάτσης ; c. 1545 – c. 1610) was a Greek dramatist in Cretan verse. He was, along with Vitsentzos Kornaros, one of the main representatives of a school of literature in the vernacular Cretan dialect that flourished in the late 16th and early 17th centuries under Venetian rule. His best-known work is "Erofili" (or "Erophile"), a tragedy set in Egypt.

neg: The Climax (illustration) The Climax is an 1893 illustration by Aubrey Beardsley (1872–1898), a leading artist of the Decadent (1880-1900) and Aesthetic movements. It depicts a scene from Oscar Wilde's play "Salome", in which the femme fatale Salome has just kissed the severed head of John the Baptist, which she grasps in her hands. Elements of eroticism, symbolism, and Orientalism are present in the piece. This illustration is one of sixteen Wilde commissioned Beardsley to create for the publication of the play. The series is considered to be Beardsley's most celebrated work, created at the age of 21.

neg: Melodrama A melodrama is a dramatic or literary work in which the plot, which is typically sensational and designed to appeal strongly to the emotions, takes precedence over detailed characterization. Characters are often simply drawn, and may appear stereotyped.

neg: Cannetella Cannetella is an Italian literary fairy tale told by Giambattista Basile in his 1634 work, the "Pentamerone". Andrew Lang included it in "The Grey Fairy Book", as collected by Hermann Kletke.

neg: Mrs. Warren's Profession Mrs. Warren's Profession is a play written by George Bernard Shaw in 1893, and first performed in London in 1902. The play is about a former prostitute, now a madam (brothel proprietor), who attempts to come to terms with her disapproving daughter. It is a problem play, offering social commentary to illustrate Shaw's belief that the act of prostitution was not caused by moral failure but by economic necessity. Elements of the play were borrowed from Shaw's 1882 novel "Cashel Byron's Profession", about a man who becomes a boxer due to limited employment opportunities.

neg: The Spanish Gypsy The Spanish Gypsy is an English Jacobean tragicomedy, dating from 1621-22. The play was likely a collaboration between several dramatists, including Thomas Middleton, William Rowley, Thomas Dekker, and John Ford. Like Shakespeare's lost play "Cardenio", "The Spanish Gypsy" is an English reworking of the novellas of Miguel de Cervantes, combining two of Cervantes' "Novelas Ejemplares" into a single drama.

neg: Abdeslam Boulaich Abdeslam Boulaich (Arabic: عبد السلام بوليش  ) is a Moroccan story-teller, some of whose stories have been translated by Paul Bowles from Moroccan Arabic to English. Boulaich's stories have been studied in college courses.

neg: Sun, Moon, and Talia Sun, Moon, and Talia ("Sole, Luna, e Talia") is an Italian literary fairy tale written by Giambattista Basile in his 1634 work, the "Pentamerone". Charles Perrault retold this fairy tale in 1697 as "The Sleeping Beauty" and also the Brothers Grimm in 1812 as "Little Briar Rose".

neg: Grisélidis Grisélidis is an opera (described as a 'conte lyrique') in three acts and a prologue by Jules Massenet to a French libretto by Armand Silvestre and Eugène Morand. It is based on the play by the same authors first performed at the Comédie-Française on 15 May 1891, which is drawn from the medieval tale of 'patient Grissil'. The story is set in 14th century Provence, and concerns the shepherdess, Grisélidis, and a number of attempts by the Devil to lure her into infidelity. Grisélidis' loyalty to her husband, The Marquis, is strong, however, and the devil is vanquished.

neg: La Celestina The Tragicomedy of Calisto and Melibea (Spanish: "Tragicomedia de Calisto y Melibea" ), known in Spain as La Celestina is a work entirely in dialogue published in 1499. It is attributed to Fernando de Rojas, a descendant of converted Jews, who practiced law and, later in life, served as an alderman of Talavera de la Reina, an important commercial center near Toledo.


query: When did the singer who originally recorded "Twisting the Night Away" pass away?

pos: Never a Dull Moment (Rod Stewart album) Never a Dull Moment is the fourth solo album by rock musician Rod Stewart. It was released in the summer of 1972; that year it became a UK number-one album (for two weeks) and reached number two on the US Album chart. The track "You Wear It Well", co-written by Stewart and classical guitarist Martin Quittenton, was a smash hit (another UK No. 1; in US No. 13), as well as "Twisting the Night Away", a song originally recorded (and written) by Sam Cooke.

pos: Sam Cooke Samuel Dale "Sam" Cook (January 22, 1931 – December 11, 1964), was an American singer, songwriter, and entrepreneur.

neg: Brenda Lee Brenda Lee (born Brenda Mae Tarpley, December 11, 1944) is an American performer and the top-charting solo female vocalist of the 1960s. She sang rockabilly, pop and country music, and had 47 US chart hits during the 1960s, and is ranked fourth in that decade surpassed only by Elvis Presley, the Beatles and Ray Charles. She is perhaps best known in the United States for her 1960 hit "I'm Sorry", and 1958's "Rockin' Around the Christmas Tree", a United States holiday standard for almost 60 years.

neg: Alan Jackson Alan Eugene Jackson (born October 17, 1958) is an American singer and songwriter. He is known for blending traditional honky tonk and mainstream country sounds and penning many of his own songs. Jackson has recorded 16 studio albums, three greatest hits albums, two Christmas albums, two gospel albums and several compilations.

neg: Marie Knight Marie Knight (June 1, 1920 – August 30, 2009) was an American gospel and R&B singer.

neg: Bonnie Guitar Bonnie Guitar (born Bonnie Buckingham; March 25, 1923 in Seattle, Washington) is an American singer, musician, producer and businesswoman. She is best remembered for her 1957 country-pop crossover hit "Dark Moon". She became one of the first female country music singers to have hit songs cross over from the country charts to the pop charts. She appeared as herself on an episode of "To Tell The Truth" with Johnny Carson, Ralph Bellamy, Dina Merrill, and Betty White, and tricked three of the panelists (Carson, Bellamy and Merrill).

neg: Sylvia Mason-James Sylvia Mason-James (born December 8, 1958) is a British singer who has worked extensively as a backing vocalist and solo artist.

neg: Kathi McDonald Kathryn Marie "Kathi" McDonald (September 25, 1948 – October 3, 2012) was an American blues and rock singer.

neg: Twistin' the Night Away (album) Twistin' the Night Away is the tenth studio album by American singer-songwriter Sam Cooke. Produced by Hugo & Luigi, the album was released in April 1962 in the United States by RCA Victor. "Twistin' the Night Away" primarily capitalizes on the twist phenomenon and as a result became one of Cooke's most successful LPs, becoming his second to chart and creating a string of chart successes.

neg: Tom Hooker Tom Hooker or Thomas Barbey (born Thomas Beecher Hooker on November 18, 1957) is an American singer and photographer. He was the voice and one of the songwriters behind most songs for popular Italo Disco artist Den Harrow.

neg: Ricky Van Shelton Ricky Van Shelton (born January 12, 1952) is an American former country music artist. Active between 1986 and 2006, he charted more than twenty singles on the "Billboard" Hot Country Songs charts. This figure includes ten Number One hits: "Somebody Lied", "Life Turned Her That Way", 'Don't We All Have the Right", "I'll Leave This World Loving You", "From a Jack to a King" (a cover of the Ned Miller hit), "Living Proof", "I've Cried My Last Tear for You", "Rockin' Years" (a duet with Dolly Parton), "I Am a Simple Man", and "Keep It Between the Lines". Besides these, seven more of his singles have landed in the Top Ten on the same chart. He has also released nine studio albums, of which his first four have all been certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America.

neg: Priscilla Mitchell Priscilla Mitchell (September 18, 1941 – September 24, 2014) was an American country music singer.

neg: Lisa Loeb Lisa Anne Loeb ( ; born March 11, 1968) is an American singer-songwriter, producer, touring artist, actress, author, and philanthropist who started her career with the platinum-selling number 1 hit song, "Stay (I Missed You)" from the film "Reality Bites," the first number 1 single for an artist without a recording contract. Her studio albums include two back-to-back albums that were certified Gold; these were "Tails" and the Grammy-nominated "Firecracker."

neg: Jinny Osborn Jinny Osborn (April 25, 1927 – May 19, 2003), born Virginia Cole, was an American popular music singer. She founded the group The Chordettes with three friends in 1946, which became one of the longest-lasting American vocal groups of the mid-20th century. Her final departure in 1961 led to the group's dissolution.

neg: Chris Bender (singer) Christopher Lamont Bender, known as Chris Bender, (August 2, 1972 – November 3, 1991) was an American R&B singer who reached the national music charts in 1991 with the album entitled "Draped" before his life was tragically cut short.

neg: Eddie Chamblee Edwin Leon Chamblee (24 February 1920 – 1 May 1999), known as Eddie "Long Gone" Chamblee, was an American tenor and alto saxophonist, and occasional vocalist, who played jazz and R&B.

neg: Don Ciccone Don Ciccone (February 28, 1946 – October 8, 2016) was an American singer, songwriter and musician. He was a founding member of the pop group The Critters. Later in his career he was a member of Frankie Valli and the Four Seasons (1973–81). He played guitar and bass and also contributed lead vocals to songs including "December 1963 (Oh, What a Night)" and "Rhapsody." and Tommy James and the Shondells (as their bassist, through 1987).

neg: Jennell Hawkins Jennell Ruth Hawkins (née Grimes, April 8, 1938 – October 13, 2006) was an American R&B singer and musician who recorded in the 1950s and early 1960s and had a Top 50 chart hit in 1961 with "Moments to Remember".

neg: Donny Osmond Donald Clark "Donny" Osmond (born December 9, 1957) is an American singer, actor, radio personality, and former teen idol. Osmond has also been a talk and game show host, record producer and author. In the mid-1960s, he and four of his elder brothers gained fame as the Osmonds. Osmond went solo in the early 1970s, covering such hits as "Go Away Little Girl" and "Puppy Love".

neg: Lori Lieberman Lori Lieberman (born November 15, 1951) is an American singer-songwriter who accompanies herself on guitar and piano. She first came to public attention in the early 1970s with a series of albums on Capitol Records, one of which featured the first recording of "Killing Me Softly With His Song". After a long hiatus, she resumed her recording career in the mid-1990s.

neg: Marion Morgan Marion Morgan ("née " Swires; born 14 December 1923) was an American vocalist who sang with Harry James from 1946 to 1949 before embarking on a solo career that flourished throughout the early 1950s.

neg: Curley Bridges Curley Wilson Bridges (February 7, 1934 – November 27, 2014) was an American electric blues, rock-and-roll, and rhythm-and-blues singer, pianist and songwriter.


query: Hodgdon Charles Buzzell, was an American lawyer and politician from Maine, Buzzell, a Republican from Belfast, severed six terms in the Maine Legislature, including four in the Maine House of Representatives and two in the Maine Senate is the upper house of the Maine Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Maine, the Senate currently consists of how many members?

pos: Hodgdon C. Buzzell Hodgdon Charles Buzzell (1878- September 13, 1948) was an American lawyer and politician from Maine. Buzzell, a Republican from Belfast, severed six terms in the Maine Legislature, including four in the Maine House of Representatives and two in the Maine Senate.

pos: Maine Senate The Maine Senate is the upper house of the Maine Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Maine. The Senate currently consists of 35 members representing an equal number of districts across the state, though the Maine Constitution allows for "an odd number of Senators, not less than 31 nor more than 35". Unlike the lower House, the Senate does not set aside nonvoting seats for Native tribes. Because it is a part-time position, members of the Maine Senate usually have outside employment as well.

neg: Linwood M. Higgins Linwood M. Higgins (born January 11, 1948) is an American politician from Maine. Higgins, a Republican from Scarborough, served 8 terms (1974-1990) in the Maine House of Representatives. From 1980 to 1984, Higgins served as Minority Leader of the Maine House.

neg: Ohio General Assembly The Ohio General Assembly is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Ohio. It consists of the 99-member Ohio House of Representatives and the 33-member Ohio Senate. Both houses of the General Assembly meet at the Ohio Statehouse in Columbus.

neg: Maine Attorney General The Maine Attorney General is the chief legal advisor and prosecutor of the State of Maine. The constitutional basis of the office is Article IX, Section 11 of the Maine Constitution, and the holder of the position is chosen biennially by the Maine Legislature in joint session.

neg: Illinois House of Representatives The Illinois House of Representatives is the lower house of the Illinois General Assembly, the bicameral legislature of the U.S. state of Illinois. The body was created by the first Illinois Constitution adopted in 1818. The House consists of 118 representatives elected from individual legislative districts for two-year terms with no limits; redistricted every 10 years, based on the 2010 U.S. census each representative represents approximately 108,734 people.

neg: Indiana House of Representatives The Indiana House of Representatives is the lower house of the Indiana General Assembly, the state legislature of the United States state of Indiana. The House is composed of 100 members representing an equal number of constituent districts. House members serve two-year terms without term limits. According to the 2010 census, each State House district contains an average of 64,838 people.

neg: George D. Varney Sr. George D. Varney Sr. (June 28, 1903 – September 7, 1982) was an American politician from Maine. Varney, a Republican, served in the Maine Legislature from 1930-1932 and again from 1936-1948. Varney served in the Maine House of Representatives from 1930-1932 and from 1936 to 1942. During his final term, Varney served as Speaker of the Maine House of Representatives. He was elected to represent York County, Maine, including his residence in Kittery, Maine, in the Maine Senate from 1942 to 1948. He served as Senate President from 1945-1948.

neg: John Anderson (Maine politician) John Anderson (1792–1853) was a Maine politician. Anderson served as United States Representative from Maine from 1825-1833.

neg: Montana Legislature The Montana State Legislature is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Montana. It is composed of the 100-member Montana House of Representatives and the 50-member Montana Senate.

neg: David Woodsome David Woodsome is an American politician from Maine. Woodsome, a Republican from Waterboro, Maine, was elected to the Maine Senate in November 2014.

neg: Franklin Muzzy Franklin Muzzy (1806–1873) was an American politician and businessperson from Maine. Muzzy served in the Maine House of Representatives from 1841 to 1842 and the Maine Senate from 1853 to 1855. In his final term, Muzzy was elected President of the Maine Senate.

neg: Ralph Edwards (politician) Ralph E. Edwards was an American politician from Maine. A Republican from Oxford, Maine, Edwards spent 4 terms (1942-1950) in the Maine Legislature. His first 4 years were spent in the Maine House of Representatives and his last 4 in the Maine Senate.

neg: J. Frederick Burns J. Frederick Burns was an American politician from Maine. A Republican from Houlton, Maine, Burns served in the Maine Senate from 1934 to 1940. From 1936 to 1938, Burns was the Senate President.

neg: Higher Education Committee (Georgia Senate) The Senate Higher Education Committee is a nine-member legislative body consisting of a chairman, a vice-chairman, a secretary, and six members. The Committee operates under a Senate mandate to consider legislation that affects institutions of higher learning throughout the state.

neg: Northern Mariana Islands Commonwealth Legislature The Northern Mariana Islands Commonwealth Legislature is the territorial legislature of the U.S. commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. The legislative branch of the territory is bicameral, consisting of a 20-member lower House of Representatives, and an upper house Senate with nine Senators. Representatives serve two-year terms and Senators serve four-year terms, both without term limits. The territorial legislature meets in the commonwealth capital of Saipan.

neg: Seanad Éireann Seanad Éireann ( ; "Senate of Ireland") is the government upper house of the Oireachtas (the Irish legislature), which also comprises the President of Ireland and Dáil Éireann (the lower house). It is commonly called the Seanad or Senate and its members senators ("seanadóirí" in Irish, singular: "seanadóir"). Unlike Dáil Éireann, it is not directly elected but consists of a mixture of members chosen by various methods. Its powers are much weaker than those of the Dáil and it can only delay laws with which it disagrees, rather than veto them outright. It has been located, since its establishment, in Leinster House.

neg: History of the United States Senate The United States Senate has a history of approximately 226 years as the upper house of the United States Congress, being described in the United States Constitution in 1787 and first convened in 1789.

neg: Francis H. Friend Francis Howard Friend (February 17, 1898 - November 24, 1958) was an American politician from Maine. Friend served in the Maine House of Representatives (1920-1934) and Maine Senate (1935-1944). A Republican, Friend represented part of Somerset County, Maine, including his residence in Skowhegan. From 1940 to 1942, Friend served as Senate Majority Leader and was President of the special session called in 1942.

neg: Illinois Senate The Illinois Senate is the upper chamber of the Illinois General Assembly, the legislative branch of the government of the state of Illinois in the United States. The body was created by the first state constitution adopted in 1818. The Illinois Senate is made up of 59 senators elected from individual legislative districts determined by population; redistricted every 10 years, based on the 2010 U.S. census each senator represents approximately 217,468 people. Under the Illinois Constitution of 1970, senators are divided into three groups, each group having a two-year term at a different part of the decade between censuses, with the rest of the decade being taken up by two four-year terms. Depending on the election year, roughly one-third, two-thirds, or all Senate seats may be contested. In contrast, the Illinois House of Representatives is made up of 118 members with its entire membership elected to two-year terms. House districts are formed by dividing each Senate district in half.

neg: Electoral history of Judd Gregg The electoral history of Judd Gregg, a longtime Republican politician who has served in the United States House of Representatives, as Governor of New Hampshire, and in the United States Senate.

neg: List of Massachusetts Senate delegations The Massachusetts Senate is the upper house of the Massachusetts General Court, the bicameral state legislature of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The Senate comprises 40 elected members from 40 single-member senatorial districts in the state. Descended from the colonial legislature, the current Massachusetts Senate was established in June 1780 upon the adoption of the Massachusetts Constitution. The first General Court met in October 1780 and consisted of one-year elected terms for both houses. This was expanded to two-year terms starting with the 142nd General Court in January 1921. The current delegation is the 187th General Court (2011–2012), consisting of 36 Democrats (D) and 4 Republicans (R).