query: What canadian actor worked with Charles Braverman in Brotherhood of Justice?

pos: Charles Braverman Charles "Chuck" Dell Braverman (born March 3, 1944 in Los Angeles, California) is an American film director, documentary filmmaker and producer. He was nominated for an Academy Award for Documentary Short Subject for his 2000 documentary, "Curtain Call"; he was also nominated for three Directors Guild of America Awards for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Documentary (2000, 2001, 2002), winning in 2000 for "High School Boot Camp". He has also directed episodes of several major television series, including "Beverly Hills, 90210", "Melrose Place" and "Northern Exposure" as well as television films such as the "Prince of Bel Air" and "Brotherhood of Justice" starring Keanu Reeves and Kiefer Sutherland.

pos: Keanu Reeves Keanu Charles Reeves ( ; born September 2, 1964) is a Canadian actor, director, producer, and musician.

neg: Dean Marshall Dean Stewart Marshall (born October 9, 1969) is a Canadian film, television, and theater, actor, writer, and director. Who is probably best known for portraying Sgt. Bates on "Syfy" original series "Stargate Atlantis", and for portraying Carter on both "Da Vinci's Inquest", and "Da Vinci's City Hall".

neg: Rick Ducommun Richard "Rick" Ducommun (July 3, 1952 – June 12, 2015) was a Canadian actor, comedian and writer who appeared in films and television.

neg: Cameron Mitchell (actor) Cameron Mitchell (November 4, 1918 – July 7, 1994) was an American film, television, and Broadway actor with close ties to one of Canada's most successful families. From 1967 to 1971, Mitchell appeared in the western television series "The High Chaparral".

neg: Kyle Labine Jonathan Kyle Labine (born April 7, 1983) is a Canadian actor. His brothers Tyler Labine and Cameron Labine, also work in the entertainment industry.

neg: David Eisner (actor) David Eisner (born March 3, 1958 in Toronto, Ontario) is a Canadian actor. Best known for his recurring television role in "King of Kensington" and his regular roles in "Hangin' In" and "Blue Murder", he is currently co-director with Avery Saltzman of the Harold Green Jewish Theatre company in Toronto.

neg: Alvin Sanders Alvin Sanders (born March 16, 1952) is an American-Canadian actor. He resides in Vancouver, BC and currently sits on the Union of BC Performers executive board.

neg: Roy Dupuis Roy Michael Joseph Dupuis (] ) (born April 21, 1963) is a Canadian actor best known for his role as counterterrorism operative Michael Samuelle in the television series "La Femme Nikita". He portrayed Maurice Richard on television and in film and Roméo Dallaire in the 2007 film "Shake Hands with the Devil".

neg: Robert Clothier Robert Allan Clothier, DFC (October 21, 1921 – February 10, 1999) was a prominent Canadian stage and television actor most famous for his role on the long-running CBC television show, "The Beachcombers".

neg: Christopher Richards David Christopher Richards, best known as Christopher Richards (born November 29, 1961) is a Canadian actor, playwright and theatre designer.

neg: Barclay Hope Barclay Hope (born February 25, 1958) is a Canadian actor. He is perhaps best known for his roles as Clifford Blossom on "Riverdale", Mike Hayden on Street Legal, Peter Axon on PSI Factor, Col. Lionel Pendergast on Stargate SG-1, and Gen. Mansfield on Eureka.

neg: Clé Bennett Clé Bennett is a Canadian television, film and stage actor.

neg: Brad Goddard Bradley David Goddard (born May 17, 1977) is a Canadian actor. His identical twin brother Chris Goddard is also an actor.

neg: Sam De Grasse Samuel Alfred De Grasse (June 12, 1875 – November 29, 1953) was a Canadian actor.

neg: J. C. MacKenzie John Charles "J. C." MacKenzie (born October 17, 1970) is a Canadian actor. best known for portraying Reagan "Normal" Ronald in the Fox series "Dark Angel" (2000–2002) and Skip Fontaine on "Vinyl" (2016).

neg: Jasmin Geljo Jasmin Geljo (born September 18, 1959) is a Bosnian-Canadian actor. He is best known for his roles on Cube Zero as Ryjkin and in the films "Land of the Dead", "Assault on Precinct 13" and "The Sentinel".

neg: Vlasta Vrána Vlasta Vrána is a Canadian actor of Czech descent.

neg: Michael Ontkean Michael Leonard Ontkean (born 24 January 1946) is a retired Canadian actor. He is known for the 1970s crime drama "The Rookies", the films "Slap Shot" (1977) and "Making Love" (1982), and the cult-favorite TV series "Twin Peaks" (1990–1991).

neg: David Orth David Orth (born March 13, 1965) is a Canadian actor.

neg: Samuel Le Bihan Samuel Le Bihan (born 2 November 1965) is a French actor, known for his role in "Brotherhood of the Wolf".

neg: William Hope (actor) William "Bill" Hope (born 1955) is a Canadian stage, film, television and voice actor.


query: What region was Edith Bowman's cohost from?

pos: Colin and Edith Colin and Edith was a radio show broadcast on BBC Radio 1 until August 2006, hosted by radio personalities Edith Bowman and Colin Murray. The show began in 2003 and was scheduled on the station's weekend morning shift. In April 2004, following the departure of Mark and Lard, the show was rescheduled to the weekday afternoon slot, from 13:00 to 16:00. Their last show together was part of Radio 1's "Six Weeks of Summer" on 12 August 2006. Plans to broadcast the show live from Ibiza were abandoned after the 2006 transatlantic aircraft plot. Colin moved on to his own evening speciality music show while Edith continued to present in the same time slot.

pos: Colin Murray Colin Murray (born Colin Wright on 10 March 1977) is a sports and music radio and television presenter from Northern Ireland. In 2010, he became host of BBC Television's "Match of the Day 2" on BBC Two, while still anchoring shows on BBC Radio 5 Live, including "5 Live Sport" and "Fighting Talk" and was still presenting on BBC Radio Ulster. He has previously hosted regular Channel 5 television and BBC Radio 1 shows. In 2007, he was named 'Music Broadcaster of the Year' at the Sony Radio Academy Awards.

neg: The Pioneer Woman (TV series) The Pioneer Woman is a US cooking show that airs on Food Network. It is presented by Ree Drummond. The series features Drummond cooking for her family and friends, primarily at her ranch in Pawhuska, Oklahoma. The title of the series is taken from Drummond's blog of the same name.

neg: Lonely Planet Six Degrees Lonely Planet Six Degrees is Lonely Planet's flagship travel show, hosted by Asha Gill and Toby Amies. The show is centered on unique people living within locations, rather than simply famous tourist attractions, with one of the hosts meeting with one contact in a specific country, who in turn leads them to another contact, and so on, following the idea of six degrees of separation. In the first season Asha travelled to Mumbai, Buenos Aires, Kuala Lumpur, Melbourne, Auckland, Cape Town, London, and Singapore; while Toby travelled to Sydney, New York City, Havana, Hong Kong, Berlin, San Francisco, Mexico City, Paris and Bangkok.

neg: Edith Hillinger Edith Hillinger (1933) is a California artist who primarily creates watercolor paintings and mixed media collages. She was born in 1933 in Berlin, Germany. In 1937, her family fled to Turkey, where they lived in Istanbul and Ankara. In 1948, the family moved to New York, New York, where Hillinger eventually began her formal art education at Cooper Union. She now lives and works in Berkeley, California.

neg: O'Neill Williams O'Neill Williams, born in Atlanta in October 1943, is host of "O'Neill Outside", an outdoor based television series on FOX Sports Sun, FOX Sports Southeast, Pursuit Channel, HuntTV, Destination America network, Amazon Prime and My Outdoor TV to 163,000,000 subscriber households weekly and "O'Neill Outside" radio broadcasts to 38 states via WSB Radio in Atlanta and is in syndication nationally. "O'Neill Outside" radio is the #1 outdoor based live radio talk show in the country.

neg: Alan Brough Alan Brough (born in Hawera, New Zealand 1967) is a New Zealand-born actor, television and radio host and comedian based in Australia.

neg: 2012 British Academy Scotland Awards The 2012 British Academy Scotland Awards, were given by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA), Scotland (also known as BAFTA Scotland, or BAFTA in Scotland), and honoured the best Scottish film, television and animated productions, and video games released between the period of 31 August 2011 - 31 July 2012. Presented on 18 November 2012, the event was presided over by Scottish media personality Edith Bowman at the Radisson Blu Hotel, in Glasgow, Scotland.

neg: Leon Mangoff Leon Mangoff (1931 – June 2000) was a Canadian radio and television announcer and broadcaster best known as the host of "Elwood Glover's Luncheon Date".

neg: The Choristers The Choristers was a Canadian chamber choir based in Winnipeg that gave weekly nationally broadcast programs on CBC Radio from 1942 through 1969. According to "The Canadian Encyclopedia", the choir achieved "a national reputation for their fine choral blend and sense of style". The group was sometimes referred to as the "Sunday Chorale", after the name of the weekly CBC Radio program on which the choir was featured from 1952-1969. Notable members of the chorus included Evelyne Anderson, Devina Bailey, Lorne Betts, Kathleen Morrison Brown, Reginald Hugo, May Lawson, Joan Maxwell, Phyllis Cooke Thomson, and Gladys Whitehead.

neg: Edith Bliss Edith Bliss (28 September 1959 – 3 May 2012) was an Australian singer and television presenter.

neg: Edith Rogers (Manitoba politician) Edith Rogers (April 26, 1876—April 19, 1947) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. She served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1920 to 1932, as a member of the Manitoba Liberal Party. She was the first woman ever elected to the legislature.

neg: Vicki Gabereau Vicki Gabereau (born May 31, 1946) is a Canadian radio and television personality. She hosted an eponymously titled afternoon talk show on CTV Television Network, produced in Vancouver, British Columbia, which wrapped up production on April 8, 2005 after eight seasons. She makes regular fundraising appearances on the Knowledge Network and is a three-time ACTRA Award winner for best radio host-interviewer.

neg: Hodgepodge Lodge Hodgepodge Lodge (sometimes spelled Hodge-Podge Lodge) was a half-hour children's television series produced by the Maryland Center for Public Broadcasting and shown on a number of PBS stations from 1970 to 1977, hosted by "Miss" Jean Worthley. It featured the quiet Miss Jean introducing elementary school children to wild animals and other nature topics (for example, trees) in a calm setting around the namesake lodge.

neg: Edith Vogel Edith Vogel (April 5, 1912 in Czernowitz – June 12, 1992 in London) was an Austro-Hungarian-born classical pianist active in the UK.

neg: Maggie Morris Maggie Morris Smolensky (born Margaret Glenesk Beal, December 10, 1925; died September 4, 2014) was a Canadian radio and television personality of the 1960s best known as a panellist on the CBC Television show "Flashback" and as one of the first women on the CBC English language announce staff.

neg: Dick Cavett Richard Alva Cavett ( ; born November 19, 1936) is an American television personality and former talk show host notable for his conversational style and in-depth discussions. He appeared regularly on nationally broadcast television in the United States in five consecutive decades, the 1960s through the 2000s.

neg: Carmen Silvera Carmen Dorothy Blanche Silvera (2 June 1922 – 3 August 2002) was a Canadian-born British comic actress of Spanish descent, who moved to Coventry, England, with her family when she was a child. She appeared on television regularly in the 1960s, and achieved mainstream fame in the 1980s as her starring role in British television programme, "'Allo 'Allo!" as Edith Artois.

neg: Dinah Shore Dinah Shore (born Fannye Rose Shore; February 29, 1916 – February 24, 1994) was an American singer, actress, and television personality, and the top-charting female vocalist of the 1940s. She rose to prominence as a recording artist during the Big Band era, but achieved even greater success a decade later, in television, mainly as hostess of a series of variety programs for Chevrolet.

neg: Greg Evans (television host) Greg Evans (born 17 April 1953 in Melbourne, Victoria) is an Australian radio and television presenter, currently based in Melbourne. He is also a popular marriage celebrant, continuing on from his hosting of the matchmaking television game show, Perfect Match in the 1980s.

neg: Ernie Afaganis Ernie Afaganis (born  1933 , Lethbridge, Alberta) is a Canadian sports broadcaster, known for his work at CBC Sports.

neg: Cathy Hobbs Cathy Hobbs is an American television host, interior designer and lifestyle expert based in New York City.


query: Sovetskaya Litva found itself free at the same time as the fall of Supreme Soviet of the Lithuanian SSR, what change allowed both of the actions to happen?

pos: Sovetskaya Litva Sovetskaya Litva (literally: "Soviet Lithuania"; Russian: Советская Литва ) was a Russian-language daily newspaper published in the Lithuanian SSR. In tandem with the Lithuanian-language "Tiesa", it was the official newspaper of the Communist Party of Lithuania, the Supreme Soviet of the Lithuanian SSR, and the Council of Ministers of the Lithuanian SSR. After the restoration of Lithuania's independence in 1990, the newspaper became an independent daily under the name Echo Litvy (literally: "Echo of Lithuania"; Russian: Эхо Литвы ). Its circulation was 79,000 copies in 1981, 26,000 copies in 1993, and 12,000 copies in 1997. It discontinued publication in 2001 due to financial difficulties.

pos: Supreme Soviet of the Lithuanian SSR The Supreme Soviet of the Lithuanian SSR (Lithuanian: "Lietuvos TSR Aukščiausioji Taryba" ; Russian: Верховный Совет Литовской ССР , "Verkhovnyy Sovet Litovskoy SSR") was the supreme soviet (main legislative institution) of the Lithuanian SSR, one of the republics comprising the Soviet Union. The Supreme Soviet was established in August 1940 when the People's Seimas declared itself the provisional Supreme Soviet. According to the constitution it was very similar to modern democratic parliaments: it was elected every four (later five) years and had the power to create, amend and ratify the constitution, laws, and treaties and appoint officials in the Council of Ministers (the executive branch). However, in reality the elections were staged, the Soviet had very little actual power and carried out orders given by the Communist Party of Lithuania (CPL). The situation changed in 1988, when the Lithuanians began seeking independence from the Soviet Union. The political power shifted from CPL to the Soviet, which adopted a number of important constitutional amendments and laws, paving the way for the independence. The first free elections were held in February 1990 and were won by pro-independence Sąjūdis. During its first session the Supreme Soviet adopted the Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania and renamed itself the Supreme Council of the Republic of Lithuania.

neg: Litvin In historical context, Litvin (Belarusian: літвін, ліцвін , "litvin", "litsvin"; Russian: литвин , "litvin", Ukrainian: литвин , "lytvyn"; Polish: "Litwin" ) referred to Slavic people identifying themselves with the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

neg: Guardians of the Laws Guardians of the Laws or Guard of Laws (Polish: "Straż Praw" ) was a short-lived supreme executive governing body of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth established by the Constitution of May 3, 1791. It was abolished, together with other reforms of the Constitution, after the Polish defeat in the summer of Polish–Russian War of 1792.

neg: Ukrainian parliamentary election, 1990 The first relatively free parliamentary election held in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (Ukrainian SSR) took place in several stages, from March 4 to March 18, 1990. The elections were held to elect deputies to the republic's parliament, the Verkhovna Rada. Simultaneously, elections of local provincial ("oblast'") councils also took place in their respective administrative divisions.

neg: Lithuanian presidential election, 1993 Presidential elections were held in Lithuania on 14 February 1993. This was the first presidential election under the new Constitution of Lithuania of October 1992 and since the declaration of independence in March 1990. Algirdas Brazauskas, the former first secretary of the Communist Party of Lithuania and the then-current leader of the Democratic Labour Party of Lithuania (DLPL), won with over 60% of the vote. The runner up was Stasys Lozoraitis, an independent candidate endorsed by the Sąjūdis movement and other political parties.

neg: Polish–Lithuanian War The Polish–Lithuanian War was an armed conflict between newly independent Lithuania and Poland in the aftermath of World War I. The conflict primarily concerned territorial control of the Vilnius Region, including Vilnius, and the Suwałki Region, including the towns of Suwałki, Augustów, and Sejny. The conflict was largely shaped by the progress in the Polish–Soviet War and international efforts to mediate at the Conference of Ambassadors and later the League of Nations. There are major differences in Polish and Lithuanian historiography regarding treatment of the war. According to Lithuanian historians, the war was part of the Lithuanian Wars of Independence and spanned from spring 1919 to November 1920. According to Poland, the war included only fighting over the Suwałki Region in September–October 1920 and was part of the Polish–Soviet War.

neg: Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union The Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union (Russian: Верхо́вный Сове́т СССР , "Verkhóvnyj Sovét SSSR") was the highest legislative body in the Soviet Union and the only one with the power to pass constitutional amendments. It elected the Presidium serving as the collective head of state of the Soviet Union, formed the Council of Ministers and the Supreme Court, and appointed the Procurator General of the Soviet Union.

neg: Government of Vladimir Lenin Under the leadership of Russian communist revolutionary Vladimir Lenin, the Bolshevik Party seized power in the Russian Republic during a coup known as the October Revolution. Overthrowing the pre-existing Provisional Government, the Bolsheviks established a new administration, the Council of People's Commissars ("Sovnarkom"), with Lenin appointed as its governing chairman. Ruling by decree, Lenin’s Sovnarkom introduced widespread reforms confiscating land for redistribution among the peasantry, permitting non-Russian nations to declare themselves independent, improving labour rights, and increasing access to education.

neg: Laisvė Laisvė (Freedom) was a Lithuanian-language radical political newspaper published in the United States of America from 1911 to 1986. The privately owned paper was originally associated with the American Lithuanian Socialist Union, forerunner of the Lithuanian Socialist Federation of the Socialist Party of America. After the 1919 split of that organization into Socialist and Communist wings, "Laisvė" became an organ of the Communist Party of America. The paper was one of the most influential and longest-running radical Lithuanian language newspapers in the USA, issued daily from 1919 through 1958.

neg: Act of Tilsit The Act of Tilsit (Lithuanian: "Tilžės aktas" ) was an act, signed in Tilsit by 24 members of the National Council of Lithuania Minor (Lithuanian: "Mažosios Lietuvos tautinė taryba" ) on November 30, 1918. Signatories demanded unification of Lithuania Minor and Lithuania Proper into a single Lithuanian state. This would mean detaching the northern areas of East Prussia, inhabited by Prussian Lithuanians, from the German Empire.

neg: Civil Code of Lithuania Lithuanian Civil Code from 18 July 2000 ("Lietuvos Respublikos civilinis kodeksas, LR CK") is Civil Code of Lithuania. It came into effect on January 1, 2000, and was considered a massive and groundbreaking project. The Drafting Group of the new Lithuanian Civil Code established by the Parliament "Seimas" in 1990. Prof. Valentinas Mikelėnas was the Head of the Drafting Group in 1991.

neg: Referendums in Lithuania There have been twelve referendums in Lithuania since it declared independence from the Soviet Union on March 11, 1990. Because of strict requirements only four referendums were successful. Older Lithuanian laws required that more than a half of all registered voters (not a half of voters who participate) would vote in support of a proposal for it to become a binding obligation to the government. In 2002, this requirement was lowered to one third of all registered voters.

neg: Estonian War of Independence The Estonian War of Independence (Estonian: "Vabadussõda" , literally "Freedom War"), also known as the Estonian Liberation War, was a defensive campaign of the Estonian Army and its allies, most notably the White Russian Northwestern Army, Latvia, and the United Kingdom, against the Soviet Western Front offensive and the aggression of the "Baltische Landeswehr". It was fought in connection with the Russian Civil War during 1918–1920. The campaign was the struggle of Estonia for its sovereignty in the aftermath of World War I. It resulted in a victory for the newly established state and was concluded in the Treaty of Tartu.

neg: Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic The Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic (Latvian: "Latvijas Sociālistiskā Padomju Republika" , LSPR) was a short-lived socialist republic formed during the Latvian War of Independence. It was proclaimed on 17 December 1918 with the political, economic, and military backing of Vladimir Lenin and his Bolshevik government in the Russian SFSR. The head of government was Pēteris Stučka.

neg: Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1944) The Soviet Union occupied most of the territory of the Baltic states in its 1944 Baltic Offensive during World War II. The Red Army regained control over the three Baltic capitals and encircled retreating Wehrmacht and Latvian forces in the Courland Pocket where they held out until the final German surrender at the end of the war. The German forces were deported and the leaders of Latvian collaborating forces were executed as traitors . After the war, the Soviet Union reestablished control over the Baltic territories in line with its forcible annexations as communist republics in 1940.

neg: People's Government of Lithuania The People's Government of Lithuania (Lithuanian: "Liaudies vyriausybė" ) was a puppet cabinet installed by the Soviet Union in Lithuania immediately after Lithuania's acceptance of the Soviet ultimatum of June 14, 1940. The formation of the cabinet was supervised by Vladimir Dekanozov, deputy of Vyacheslav Molotov and a close associate of Lavrentiy Beria, who selected Justas Paleckis as the Prime Minister and acting President. The government was formed on June 17 and, together with the People's Seimas (parliament), transitioned independent Lithuania to a socialist republic and the 14th republic of the Soviet Union thus legitimizing the Soviet occupation of Lithuania. The People's Government was replaced by the Council of People's Commissars of the Lithuanian SSR on August 25. Similar transitional People's Governments were formed in Latvia (Prime Minister Augusts Kirhenšteins supervised by Andrey Vyshinsky) and Estonia (Prime Minister Johannes Vares supervised by Andrei Zhdanov).

neg: The Barricades The Barricades (Latvian: "Barikādes" ) were a series of confrontations between Latvia and forces loyal to the Soviet Union in January 1991 which took place mainly in Riga. The events are named for the popular effort of building and protecting barricades from 13 January until about 27 January. Latvia, which had declared restoration of independence from the Soviet Union a year earlier, anticipated that Soviet Union might attempt to regain control over the country by force. After attacks by the Soviet OMON on Riga in early January, the government called on people to build barricades for protection of possible targets (mainly in the capital city of Riga and nearby Ulbroka, as well as Kuldīga and Liepāja). Six people were killed in further attacks, several were wounded in shootings or beaten by OMON. Most victims were shot during the Soviet attack on the Latvian Ministry of the Interior on January 20. One other person died in a building accident reinforcing the barricades. Casualties among Soviet loyalists are considered likely, but the exact number remains unknown. A total of 15,611 people have registered as having been participants of the Barricades.

neg: Supreme Soviet of the National Economy Supreme Soviet of the National Economy, Superior Soviet of the People's Economy, Vesenkha (Высший Совет Народного Хозяйства, ВСНХ, "Vysshiy sovet narodnogo khozyaystva", VSNKh) was the superior state institution for management of the economy of the RSFSR and later of the Soviet Union. There were two institutions with this name, at different times, 1917–1932 and 1963–1965,

neg: Government of Lithuania Government of the Republic of Lithuania (Lithuanian: "Lietuvos Respublikos Vyriausybė" ) is the cabinet of Lithuania, exercising executive power in the country. Among other responsibilities, it executes laws and resolutions of the parliament, the Seimas, and the decrees of the President, manages state property and, together with the President, executes the foreign policy of the country. The Government also has the right of legislative initiative, puts together the state budget and presents it to the Seimas for approval.

neg: The Holocaust in Lithuania The Holocaust in Nazi-occupied Lithuania resulted in the near total destruction of Lithuanian Jews (Litvaks), living in "Generalbezirk Litauen" of Reichskommissariat Ostland within the Nazi-controlled Lithuanian SSR. Out of approximately 208,000-210,000 Jews, an estimated 190,000–195,000 were murdered before the end of World War II (wider estimates are sometimes published), most between June and December 1941. More than 95% of Lithuania's Jewish population was massacred over the three-year German occupation — a more complete destruction than befell any other country affected by the Holocaust. Historians attribute this to the massive collaboration in the genocide by the non-Jewish local paramilitaries, though the reasons for this collaboration are still debated. The Holocaust resulted in the largest-ever loss of life in so short a period of time in the history of Lithuania.

neg: History of the Soviet Union The "History of Soviet Russia and the Soviet Union" reflects a period of change for both Russia and the world. Though the terms "Soviet Russia" and "Soviet Union" are synonymous in everyday vocabulary, when referring to the foundations of the Soviet Union, "Soviet Russia" refers to the few years after the October Revolution of 1917, but before the creation of the Soviet Union in 1922.


query: Frederick Valentine Atkinson, was a British mathematician, formerly of the University of Toronto, a public research university in Toronto, Ontario, in which country?

pos: Frederick Valentine Atkinson Frederick Valentine Atkinson (Pinner, 25 January 1916 – Toronto, 13 November 2002) was a British mathematician, formerly of the University of Toronto, Canada, where he spent most of his career. Atkinson's theorem and Atkinson–Wilcox theorem are named after him. His Ph.D. advisor at Oxford was Edward Charles Titchmarsh.

pos: University of Toronto The University of Toronto (U of T, UToronto, or Toronto) is a public research university in Toronto, Ontario, Canada on the grounds that surround Queen's Park. It was founded by royal charter in 1827 as "King's College", the first institution of higher learning in the colony of Upper Canada. Originally controlled by the Church of England, the university assumed the present name in 1850 upon becoming a secular institution. As a collegiate university, it comprises twelve colleges, which differ in character and history, each with substantial autonomy on financial and institutional affairs. It has two satellite campuses in Scarborough and Mississauga.

neg: Noriko Yui Noriko Yui is a professor of mathematics at Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario.

neg: Mississauga Mississauga is a city in the Canadian province of Ontario. Situated in Southern Ontario, it lies on the shores of Lake Ontario in the Regional Municipality of Peel. It is part of the Greater Toronto Area, to the west of Toronto. The city has a population of 721,599 as of the Canada 2016 Census, and is Canada's sixth-most populous municipality.

neg: Jeremy Quastel Jeremy Daniel Quastel is a Canadian mathematician specializing in probability theory, stochastic processes, partial differential equations. He is a professor at the University of Toronto Department of Mathematics, and Department of Statistics. He grew up in Vancouver, Canada, and now lives in Toronto.

neg: University of Melbourne The University of Melbourne (informally Melbourne University) is a public research university located in Melbourne, Australia. Founded in 1853, it is Australia's second oldest university and the oldest in Victoria. Times Higher Education ranks Melbourne as 33rd in the world, while the Academic Ranking of World Universities places Melbourne 40th in the world (both first in Australia).

neg: Allenby, Toronto Allenby is a neighbourhood of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is a primarily residential neighbourhood within the boundaries of Latimer Avenue to the west, Briar Hill Avenue to the north, Avenue Road to the east and Eglinton Avenue West to the south.

neg: New Toronto New Toronto is a neighbourhood and former municipality in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located in the south-west area of Toronto, along Lake Ontario. The Town of New Toronto was established in 1890, which was designed and planned as an industrial centre by a group of industrialists from Toronto who had visited Rochester, New York. New Toronto was originally a part of the Township of Etobicoke. It was an independent municipality from 1913 to 1967, being one of the former 'Lakeshore Municipalities' amalgamated into the Borough of Etobicoke, and eventually amalgamated into Toronto. The neighbourhood has retained the name.

neg: Markham, Ontario Markham ( ; 2016 population 328,966) is a city in the Regional Municipality of York within the Greater Toronto Area of Southern Ontario, Canada. It is located approximately 30 km northeast of Downtown Toronto. The city is the fourth-most populous community within the Greater Toronto Area after Toronto, Mississauga and Brampton and is the York region's most populous municipality.

neg: Architecture of Toronto The architecture of Toronto is most marked by its being the financial capital of Canada, as well as the political capital of Ontario. Once an important port and manufacturing centre, today Toronto's economy is dominated by the service sector. The growth of the city is influenced by the geography of the city, most notably the Toronto ravine system and the Greenbelt, a permanently protected area of green space, farmland, forests, wetlands, and watersheds within the Golden Horseshoe. The natural geography of the city also provided builders with a variety of resources to build from. The most raw material was the shale layer underlying the city, making brick an especially cheap and abundant material, and resulting in many of the city's buildings being built from brick.

neg: Dalhousie University Dalhousie University (commonly known as Dal) is a public research university in Nova Scotia, Canada, with three campuses in Halifax, a fourth in Bible Hill, and medical teaching facilities in Saint John, New Brunswick. Dalhousie offers more than 4,000 courses and 180 degree programs in twelve undergraduate, graduate, and professional faculties. The university is a member of the U15, a group of research-intensive universities in Canada.

neg: Trinity College, Toronto Trinity College is a college of the University of Toronto, founded in 1851 by Bishop John Strachan. Trinity was intended by Strachan as a college of strong Anglican alignment, after the University of Toronto severed its ties with the Church of England. In 1904, Trinity joined the university as a member of its collegiate federation.

neg: York, Toronto York is a former municipality within the current city of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located northwest of Old Toronto, southwest of North York and east of Etobicoke, where it is bounded by the Humber River. As a separate city, it was one of six municipalities that amalgamated in 1998 to form the current city of Toronto. The City of York was created by the amalgamation of several villages, including the present day neighbourhoods of Lambton Mills and Weston.

neg: Hamilton, Ontario Hamilton ( ; 2016 population 536,917; UA population 683,645; CMA population 778,400) is a port city in the Canadian province of Ontario. Conceived by George Hamilton when he purchased the Durand farm shortly after the War of 1812, Hamilton has become the centre of a densely populated and industrialized region at the west end of Lake Ontario known as the Golden Horseshoe. On January 1, 2001, the new City of Hamilton was formed through the amalgamation of the former city and the other constituent lower-tier municipalities of the Regional Municipality of Hamilton-Wentworth with the upper-tier regional government. Residents of the old city are known as Hamiltonians. Since 1981, the metropolitan area has been listed as the ninth largest in Canada and the third largest in Ontario.

neg: Harbourfront (Toronto) Harbourfront is a neighbourhood on the northern shore of Lake Ontario within the downtown core of the city of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Part of the Toronto waterfront, Harbourfront extends from Bathurst Street in the west, along Queens Quay, with its ill-defined eastern boundary being either Yonge Street or York Street. Its northern boundary is the Gardiner Expressway.

neg: University of Nottingham The University of Nottingham is a public research university in Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, England, United Kingdom. It was founded as University College Nottingham in 1881, and was granted a Royal Charter in 1948.

neg: York University Libraries York University Libraries is the library system of York University in Toronto, Ontario. The four main libraries and one archive contain more than 2,500,000 volumes.

neg: Niagara College The Niagara College of Applied Arts and Technology (frequently shortened to Niagara College and branded as Niagara College Canada) is a public College of Applied Arts and Technology within the Niagara Region of Southern Ontario, Canada.

neg: John A. Leslie John Andrew Leslie (born August 2, 1940) is a Canadian philosopher. He was educated at Wadham College, Oxford, earning his B.A. in English Literature in 1962 and his M.Litt. in Classics in 1968. He is currently Professor emeritus at the University of Guelph, in Ontario, Canada.

neg: Victoria University, Toronto Victoria University is a college of the University of Toronto, founded in 1836 and named for Queen Victoria. It is commonly called Victoria College, informally "Vic", after the original academic component that now forms its undergraduate division. Since 1928, Victoria College has retained secular studies in the liberal arts and sciences while Emmanuel College has functioned as its postgraduate theological college.

neg: Toronto (disambiguation) Toronto is the capital of Ontario and the largest city in Canada.

neg: Edinburgh Napier University Edinburgh Napier University is a public university in Edinburgh, Scotland. Napier Technical College, the predecessor of the university was founded in 1964, taking its name from Scottish mathematician John Napier. It gained university status in 1992 and was renamed Napier University.


query: Ranulf de Gernon, 4th Earl of Chester was the son of the magnate who originated in what city in Normandy?

pos: Ranulf de Gernon, 4th Earl of Chester Ranulf II (also known as Ranulf de Gernon) (1099–1153) was an Anglo-Norman potentate who inherited the honour of the palatine county of Chester upon the death of his father Ranulf le Meschin, 3rd Earl of Chester. He was descended from the Counts of Bessin in Normandy.

pos: Ranulf le Meschin, 3rd Earl of Chester Ranulf le Meschin, 3rd Earl of Chester (1070−1129) was a late 11th- and early 12th-century Norman magnate based in northern and central England. Originating in Bessin in Normandy, Ranulf made his career in England thanks to his kinship with Hugh d'Avranches - the earl of Chester, the patronage of kings William II Rufus and Henry I Beauclerc, and his marriage to Lucy, heiress of the Bolingbroke-Spalding estates in Lincolnshire.

neg: Geoffrey of Villehardouin Geoffrey of Villehardouin (in French: Geoffroi de Villehardouin) (1160–c. 1212) was a knight and historian who participated in and chronicled the Fourth Crusade. He is considered one of the most important historians of the time period, best known for writing the eyewitness account "De la Conquête de Constantinople" ("On the Conquest of Constantinople"), about the battle for Constantinople between the Christians of the West and the Christians of the East on 13 April 1204. The "Conquest" is the earliest French historical prose narrative that has survived to modern times. Ηis full title was: "Geoffrey of Villehardouin, Marshal of Champagne and of Romania".

neg: Gondulf of Provence Duke Gondulf (Latin: "Gondulphus, Gondulfus, Gundulfus" ), was also known as Gundulf. He is thought to have been a patrician of Provence who later became Bishop of Metz in the year 591. There is some evidence that he was only a chorbishop. He was the son of the Senator Florentinus (born 485) and Artemia, the daughter of St. Rusticus.

neg: Barony (de) Colville (of Castle Bytham) The Barony de Colville of Castle Bytham is a Barony of the Peerage of England. Centred on Castle Bytham in Lincolnshire a notable holder is Roger de Colville, recorded as the "first true Baron". The de Colville/Colvin family originated in England following the Norman Conquest with Gilbert of Colleville-sur-Mer, Normandy noted as a knight of William the Conqueror.

neg: Fane family Fane is an English surname of Welsh origins that belongs to a family who have produced a number of notable members. The family originated with Ivon Vane, who was a Welsh landowner and mercenary captain in the service of the Black Prince. Ivon Vane or John Fane, as he was known in English, was one of three captains who captured King John II of France at the battle of Poitiers 1356. He was knighted and shared in the ransom monies, which made him very wealthy. He settled in Kent and founded the two notable families of Fane, whose members became the Earls of Westmoreland, and Vane, who became the Earls of Darlington. Both families have golden gauntlets on their crest in memory of the surrender of King John.

neg: Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou Geoffrey V (24 August 1113 – 7 September 1151) — called the Handsome or the Fair (French: "le Bel" ) and Plantagenet — was the Count of Anjou, Touraine, and Maine by inheritance from 1129 and then Duke of Normandy by conquest from 1144. By his marriage to the Empress Matilda, daughter and heiress of Henry I of England, Geoffrey had a son, Henry Curtmantle, who succeeded to the English throne as King Henry II (1154-1189) and was the first of the Plantagenet dynasty to rule England; the name "Plantagenet" was taken from Geoffrey's epithet. His ancestral domain of Anjou gave rise to the name Angevin for three kings of England (Henry II his son and heir, and Henry's sons Richard and John), and what became known as the Angevin Empire in the 12th century.

neg: Philip d'Aubigny Philip d'Aubigny, sometimes Phillip or Phillipe Daubeney (c.a. 1166 – c.a. 1236), a knight and royal chancellor, was one of 5 sons of Ralph d'Aubigny and Sybil Valoignes, whose ancestral home was Saint Aubin-d'Aubigné in Brittany. He was lord of the manor of Chewton Mendip, South Petherton, Bampton, Waltham and Ingleby and Keeper of the Channel Islands.

neg: Gilbert de Clare, 5th Earl of Gloucester Gilbert de Clare, 4th Earl of Hertford, 5th Earl of Gloucester, 1st Lord of Glamorgan, 7th Lord of Clare (1180 – 25 October 1230) was the son of Richard de Clare, 3rd Earl of Hertford (c. 1153–1217), from whom he inherited the Clare estates. He also inherited from his mother, Amice Fitz William, the estates of Gloucester and the honour of St. Hilary, and from Rohese, an ancestor, the moiety of the Giffard estates. In June 1202, he was entrusted with the lands of Harfleur and Montrevillers.

neg: Ranulf I of Aquitaine Ranulf I (also "Ramnulf", "Rannulf", and "Ranulph") (820–866) was a Count of Poitiers (from 835) and Duke of Aquitaine (from 852). He is considered a possible son of Gerard, Count of Auvergne, and Hildegard (or Matilda) "[more likely Rotrude, see Gerard, Count of Auvergne and Louis the Pious]", daughter of Louis the Pious and Ermengard. Few details are known about Ranulf I, except that he died in 866 in Aquitaine from wounds received in the Battle of Brissarthe against the Vikings (in which Robert the Strong also died).

neg: William d'Évreux William d'Évreux was a member of the Norman nobility at the time of William the Conqueror's ascendancy in Normandy.

neg: Hoel, Count of Nantes Hoèl of Cornwall (died 1156) was count of Nantes, from 1148 to his death. He was raised the son of Duke Conan III and Maud FitzRoy, an illegitimate daughter of King Henry I of England. However, he was disinherited by his father when on his death-bed, as Conan III claimed that Hoèl was illegitimate and no son of his. Bertha then became heiress to Duke Conan's lands in Brittany, while Hoèl was allowed to remain in the Count of Nantes. He was accused by St. Bernard of Clairvaux of having an incestuous affair with his sister Bertha.

neg: Butler dynasty The House Butler refers to the several branches of the Butler family (Irish: "de Buitléir" ) that has its origins in the Hiberno-Norman or Cambro-Norman family that participated in the Norman invasion of Ireland in the 12th century. Variant spellings include "le Boteler" and "le Botiller". The surname has its origins in the hereditary office of Butler of Ireland. The family originates with Theobald Walter, 1st Chief Butler of Ireland. Many of the branches eventually begin to extend out to various countries in Europe and North America as many descendants immigrated out of Ireland and England in later years.

neg: Gerbod the Fleming, 1st Earl of Chester Gerbod the Fleming, of Oosterzele, 1st Earl of Chester, was a hereditary advocate of the Abbey of Saint Bertin at Saint-Omer, Flanders (now France) and Earl of Chester in 1070.

neg: Umfraville Umfraville is the name of an English baronial family, derived from Amfreville in Normandy. Members of this family obtained lands in Northumberland, including Redesdale and Prudhoe, from the Norman kings, and a later member, Gilbert de Umfraville (died 1245), married Matilda, daughter of Malcolm, earl of Angus, and obtained this Scottish earldom.

neg: Osulf II of Bamburgh Osulf or Oswulf (died 1067) was the son of Eadulf III, Earl of Bamburgh (killed 1041), and grandson of Uchtred the Bold, Earl of Northumbria (killed 1016). Osulf’s family ruled as "High-Reeves" (ealdormen) of Bamburgh from 954 until 1041, when Siward the Stout killed Eadulf and reunited Northumbria under one ruler.

neg: Fulbert of Falaise Fulbert of Falaise (fl. 11th century) was the father of Herleva, mother of the illegitimate William the Conqueror, the 11th-century Duke of Normandy and King of England. The Walter of Falaise named by Orderic Vitalis is likely a son.

neg: Arthur, Prince of Wales Arthur Tudor (20 September 1486 – 2 April 1502) was Prince of Wales, Earl of Chester and Duke of Cornwall. As the eldest son and heir apparent of Henry VII of England, Arthur was viewed by contemporaries as the great hope of the newly established House of Tudor. His mother, Elizabeth of York, was the daughter of Edward IV, and his birth cemented the union between the House of Tudor and the House of York.

neg: William de Longchamp William de Longchamp (died 1197) was a medieval Lord Chancellor, Chief Justiciar, and Bishop of Ely in England. Born to a humble family in Normandy, he owed his advancement to royal favour. Although contemporary writers accused Longchamp's father of being the son of a peasant, he held land as a knight. Longchamp first served Henry II's illegitimate son Geoffrey, but quickly transferred to the service of Richard I, Henry's heir. When Richard became king in 1189, Longchamp paid £3,000 for the office of Chancellor, and was soon named to the see, or bishopric, of Ely and appointed legate by the pope.

neg: House of Braose The House of Braose ("alias" Breuse, Brewes, Brehuse, Briouze, Brewose etc., Latinised to de Braiosa) was a prominent family of Anglo-Norman nobles originating in Briouze, near Argentan, Orne, Normandy. Members of this family played a significant part in the Norman conquest of England and subsequent power struggles in England, Wales and Ireland in the 11th to 14th centuries.

neg: Alan Rufus Alan Rufus (alternatively Alanus Rufus (Latin), Alan ar Rouz (Breton), Alain le Roux (French) or Alan the Red (c. 1040 – 1093), 1st Lord of Richmond, was a relative and companion of William the Conqueror (Duke William II of Normandy) during the Norman Conquest of England. He was the second son of Eozen Penteur (also known as Eudon, Eudo or Odo, Count of Penthièvre) by Orguen Kernev (also known as Agnes of Cornouaille). William the Conqueror granted Alan Rufus a significant English fief, later known as the Honour of Richmond, in about 1071.

neg: Walter Giffard, 1st Earl of Buckingham Walter Giffard, Lord of Longueville in Normandy, 1st Earl of Buckingham (died 1102) was an Anglo-Norman magnate.


query: The curriculum of the college at which Gib Holgate served as the head football coach is based on what teaching?

pos: Gib Holgate James Gibson "Gib" Holgate (August 13, 1920 – November 7, 2011) was an American football player, coach, and college athletics administrator. He served as the head football coach at Hillsdale College in 1948, compiling a record of 6–2–1. Holgate was later an assistant football coach and an administrator in the athletic department at Yale University.

pos: Hillsdale College Hillsdale College is a co-educational, non-profit liberal arts college in Hillsdale, Michigan, United States. Most of the curriculum is based on and centered on the teaching of the Western heritage as a product of both the Greco-Roman culture and the Judeo-Christian tradition. Hillsdale requires every student, regardless of major, to complete a core curriculum that includes courses on the Great Books and the U.S. Constitution. The college declines to accept federal financial support, instead providing private financial assistance to its students.

neg: Benedict College Benedict College is a four-year historically black, liberal arts college located in Columbia, South Carolina. Founded in 1870 by northern Baptists, it was originally a teachers' college. It has since expanded into a full four-year college offering a variety of majors in the liberal arts field.

neg: McKenzie College (Tennessee) McKenzie College was a college in Chattanooga, Tennessee. Founded in the 1885 as Agey, Leavitt and Leavitt Business School. The school was sold to J.A. and E.L. Wiley in 1890 and was renamed Wiley's Mountain City Business College. Roy E. and H. Frank McKenzie purchased the institution in 1923 and it was renamed McKenzie College in 1930.

neg: Stevens–Henager College Stevens–Henager College, headquartered in Ogden, Utah, United States, is a private for-profit college. The college is one of four educational institutions affiliated with the Salt Lake City-based Center for Excellence in Higher Education (CEHE). Established in 1891, the college has five campuses in Idaho and Utah. It offers online and on-campus programs for associate's degrees, bachelor's degrees, and master's degrees. Post-secondary education offered by Stevens-Henager is accredited by the Accrediting Commission of Career Schools and Colleges, and the institution is nationally accredited.

neg: UWRF Teaching Program The University of Wisconsin–River Falls Teaching Program is the flagship program for the College of Education and Professional Studies at UWRF.

neg: Fred K. Nielsen Fred Kenelm Nielsen (April 22, 1879 – January 12, 1963) was a Danish-American lawyer, diplomatic official, and college football coach. Nielsen served as the head football coach at the Maryland Agricultural College (now known as the University of Maryland) from 1905 to 1906, the George Washington University from 1907 to 1908, Georgetown University from 1910 to 1911, and the Catholic University of America from 1915 to 1916.

neg: Teachers College, Columbia University Teachers College, Columbia University is the graduate school of education, health and psychology in New York City at Columbia University. Founded in 1887, it has been a Faculty of Columbia University since its affiliation in 1898. Teachers College is also an academic department of the university and its Ph.D. degrees are conferred by the Columbia Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. Teachers College is the oldest and largest graduate school of education in the United States.

neg: Bates College Bates College ( ; legally incorporated as the President and Trustees of Bates College) is a private liberal arts college in Lewiston, Maine. It was founded by abolitionist statesmen and established with funds from industrialist and textile tycoon, Benjamin Bates. The college is the oldest coeducational college in New England, the third oldest in Maine, and the first to grant a degree to a woman in New England.

neg: Laurel Christian High School Laurel Christian High School is a Christian college preparatory school that was founded in 1982. It is located in Laurel, Mississippi (USA). The school offers a Christian-based classical education that is built on the time-honored trivium: grammar, logic, and rhetoric. Each subject taught at the school is taught within the framework of a Christian worldview. Bob Jones University has been a crucial sponsor of the school throughout the years.

neg: Nichols College Nichols College is a private, four-year, not-for-profit, coeducational college located in Dudley, Massachusetts. Founded in 1815 as Nichols Academy, Nichols College offers twelve specializations in its business program, five majors in its liberal arts program, and an Educator Preparation Program for middle and secondary education. The College offers bachelor's and master's degrees as well as certificate programs.

neg: Kuyper College Kuyper College is a ministry-focused Christian leadership college located in Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States, that educates and trains Christian leaders for ministry and service. Through the integration of an academic curriculum and a Reformed worldview, they provide students who desire a biblical and academic college experience with the opportunity to live life through the filter of scripture.

neg: Midland University Midland University is a private liberal arts college with an approximate enrollment of 1,400 students. The 33 acre academic and residential campus is located in Fremont, Nebraska, 25 mi northwest of Omaha, Nebraska. The university offers more than thirty undergraduate bachelor's degrees and three graduate master's degrees, including Master of Business Administration (MBA), Master of Education in Leadership, Master of Science: Adult and Organizational Learning, and Master of Athletic Training.

neg: Grinnell College Grinnell College is a private liberal arts college in Grinnell, Iowa, U.S., known for its rigorous academics and tradition of social responsibility. It was founded in 1846, when a group of New England Congregationalists established the Trustees of Iowa College.

neg: Teaching and learning center Teaching and learning centers are independent academic units within colleges and universities that exist to provide support services for faculty, to help teaching faculty to improve their teaching and professional development. They may also provide learning support services for students, and other services, depending on the individual institution. These centers may have different kinds of names, such as faculty development centers, teaching and learning centers, centers for teaching and learning, centers for teaching excellence, academic support centers, and others.

neg: College Teaching College Teaching (formerly "Improving College & University Teaching") is a quarterly cross-disciplinary academic journal focused on the subject of teaching in higher education, with special focus on improving student learning. The journal website states that it publishes articles that "give practical advice to the college or university teacher. Most of the articles propose the adoption (or abandonment) of specific classroom techniques."

neg: Association for Biblical Higher Education The Association for Biblical Higher Education (ABHE), formerly "The Accrediting Association of Bible Colleges" ("AABC") is a nationally recognized accrediting agency in the United States. It is recognized by the United States Department of Education and the Council for Higher Education Accreditation. The ABHE is inter-denominational but requires annual affirmation of a common statement of beliefs.

neg: Guilford College Guilford College is a small liberal arts college in Greensboro, North Carolina. Guilford has both traditional students and students who attend its Center for Continuing Education (CCE). Founded in 1837 by members of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers), Guilford's program offerings include such majors as Peace and Conflict Studies and Community and Justice Studies, both rooted in the college's history as a Quaker institution.

neg: Welch College Welch College, formerly the Free Will Baptist Bible College, is a private four-year college in Gallatin, Tennessee, founded in 1942. It is one of several higher learning institutions associated with the National Association of Free Will Baptists.

neg: Berry College Berry College is a private, four-year liberal arts college with a Christian emphasis located in Mount Berry, Floyd County, Georgia, United States, just north of Rome. It is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS). Berry was founded in 1902 by Martha Berry. With 27000 acre , Berry College boasts the largest contiguous campus in the world. College leaders from across the country chose Berry College as the nation's number one "Up-And-Coming" liberal arts college, according to the 2014 "U.S. News" Best Colleges rankings released September 10, 2013.

neg: UIUC College of Education The School of Education at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign was founded in 1905. It was later renamed the College of Education in 1918. The college offers undergraduate, graduate, and online programs in areas including elementary education, early childhood education, special education, and Educational Organization and Leadership. It began with six departments; three of them merged and formed the largest department in the college. All departments offer masters and doctoral degrees. However, only two departments offer undergraduate degree programs: Special Education and Curriculum & Instruction. The college also offers 16 online programs. Students seeking an undergraduate degree in the college must meet the minimum graduation requirement set forth by the university. To obtain a certification, students must also meet the requirements of the Council on Teacher Education, a professional educational administration at the University of Illinois. The total enrollment is 1,361 students as of 2015.

neg: College of Arts and Sciences A College of Arts and Sciences or School of Arts and Sciences is most commonly a unit within a university which focuses on instruction of the liberal arts and pure sciences, especially in North America and the Philippines, although they frequently include programs and faculty in fine arts, social sciences, and other disciplines. In contrast, an "art school" or "college of arts" usually refers to a unit or institution which cultivates visual or performing arts, while the phrasing "liberal arts college" usually refers to a standalone institution.


query: Jon Anketell Brewer Swain is a British journalist and writer who was portrayed by Julian Sands in a film directed by who ?

pos: Jon Swain Jon (John) Anketell Brewer Swain is a British journalist and writer who was portrayed by Julian Sands in the 1984 Oscar-winning film "The Killing Fields".

pos: The Killing Fields (film) The Killing Fields is a 1984 British biographical drama film about the Khmer Rouge regime in Cambodia, which is based on the experiences of two journalists: Cambodian Dith Pran and American Sydney Schanberg. It was directed by Roland Joffé and produced by David Puttnam for his company Goldcrest Films. Sam Waterston stars as Schanberg, Haing S. Ngor as Pran, Julian Sands as Jon Swain, and John Malkovich as Al Rockoff. The adaptation for the screen was written by Bruce Robinson; the musical score was written by Mike Oldfield and orchestrated by David Bedford.

neg: Simon Birch Simon Birch is a 1998 American comedy-drama film loosely based on "A Prayer for Owen Meany" by John Irving and was directed and written for the screen by Mark Steven Johnson. The film stars Ian Michael Smith, Joseph Mazzello, Jim Carrey, Ashley Judd and Oliver Platt. It omitted much of the latter half of the novel and altered the ending.

neg: Green Street (film) Green Street, or "Green Street Hooligans", is a 2005 British-American independent drama film about football hooliganism in the United Kingdom. It was directed by Lexi Alexander and stars Elijah Wood and Charlie Hunnam. In the film, an American college student falls in with a violent West Ham football firm (the Green Street Elite) run by his brother-in-law's younger brother and is morally transformed by their commitment to each other.

neg: By Any Name By Any Name is a 2017 British action thriller film, that has won two awards at the 2016 North Wales International Film Festival and is based on the book of the same name by Catrin Collier. The film follows the story of John West who is admitted to a psychiatric ward suffering from trauma-induced amnesia after he was found half naked running down a motorway and covered in blood. He has no memory of who he is. All he can recall is a detailed knowledge of sophisticated weaponry and military techniques that indicates a background in terrorism.

neg: The Disappearance of Finbar The Disappearance of Finbar is a 1996 Irish-Swedish mystery drama film directed by Sue Clayton and starring Jonathan Rhys Meyers in an early role. The film also features the first appearance of Colin Farrell, in an uncredited role.

neg: The Grey (film) The Grey is a 2011 British-American survival thriller film co-written, produced and directed by Joe Carnahan and starring Liam Neeson, Frank Grillo and Dermot Mulroney. It is based on the short story

neg: The Holding The Holding is a 2011 British thriller film directed by Susan Jacobson. It was filmed in 2010 the Peak District in Derbyshire just outside the village of Longnor, and stars Kierston Wareing, Vincent Regan and David Bradley. It is written by James Dormer and is produced by Alex Boden, George Mizen and Terry Stone.

neg: Interview with a Hitman Interview with a Hitman is a 2012 British action film written and directed by Perry Bhandal. The film tells the story of Viktor (Luke Goss), a professional Romanian hitman who agrees to tell his story to a disgraced film director desperate to discover a unique story that will help him rebuild his career. It was produced by Kirlian Pictures & Scanner Rhodes with the assistance of Northern Film & Media. The film stars Luke Goss, Caroline Tillette, Stephen Marcus, Danny Midwinter and Elliot Greene.

neg: Ken Loach Kenneth Charles Loach (born 17 June 1936) is an English director of television and independent film. He is known for his socially critical directing style and for his socialist ideals, which are evident in his film treatment of social issues such as poverty ("Poor Cow", 1967), homelessness ("Cathy Come Home", 1966) and labour rights ("Riff-Raff", 1991, and "The Navigators", 2001).

neg: Julian Sands Julian Richard Morley Sands (born 4 January 1958) is an English actor known for his roles in films such as "The Killing Fields", "A Room with a View", "Warlock", "Arachnophobia", and "Vatel". On television, he is known for playing Vladimir Bierko in "24", and Jor-El in "Smallville".

neg: Four Horsemen (film) Four Horsemen is a 2012 British documentary film directed by Ross Ashcroft. The film criticises the system of fractional reserve banking, debt-based economy and political lobbying by banks, which it regards as a serious threat to Western civilisation. It criticises the War on Terror, which it maintains is not fought to eliminate al-Qaeda and other militant organizations, but to create larger debt to the banks. As an alternative, the film promotes a return to classical economics and the gold standard. Among those interviewed are Joseph Stiglitz, former chief economist at the World Bank; Noam Chomsky, linguistics professor; John Perkins, author of "Confessions of an Economic Hit Man"; ecological economist and steady-state theorist Herman Daly, formerly at the World Bank; and Max Keiser, TV host and former trader. The film was released in the United Kingdom on 14 March 2012. A book based on the film has been published.

neg: Ironclad (film) Ironclad is a 2011 action adventure war film directed by Jonathan English. Written by English and Erick Kastel, based on a screenplay by Stephen McDool, the cast includes James Purefoy, Brian Cox, Kate Mara, Paul Giamatti, Vladimir Kulich, Mackenzie Crook, Jason Flemyng, Derek Jacobi and Charles Dance. The film chronicles the siege of Rochester Castle by King John in 1215. The film was shot entirely in Wales in 2009 and produced on a budget of $25 million.

neg: The Million Dollar Hotel The Million Dollar Hotel is a 2000 American drama film based on a concept story by Bono and Nicholas Klein, directed by Wim Wenders, and starring Jeremy Davies, Milla Jovovich, and Mel Gibson. The film features music by U2 and various artists and was released on the soundtrack, "".

neg: Exhibition (film) Exhibition (aka London Project) is a 2013 drama film written and directed by Joanna Hogg, starring Viv Albertine, Liam Gillick and Tom Hiddleston. The film premiered at the Locarno Film Festival in August 2013, and was released in the UK on 25 April 2014.

neg: Eaten by Lions (film) Eaten by Lions is a British comedy feature film written and directed by Jason Wingard. The film stars Antonio Aakeel, Jack Carroll, Johnny Vegas, and Asim Chaudhry. The Film is the feature-length adaptation of the director's 2013 short film 'Going to Mecca' which won best comedy at the Manchester International Film Festival. The feature follows half-brothers Omar and Pete as they embark on a journey to find Omar's estranged father, confronting him on the day of his daughters engagement party.

neg: Never Look Back (1952 film) Never Look Back is a 1952 British drama film directed by Francis Searle and starring Rosamund John, Hugh Sinclair and Guy Middleton. The screenplay concerns a newly appointed female barrister whose career is threatened by a former lover. It was made by Hammer Films at the Mancunian Studios in Manchester.

neg: The Greening of Whitney Brown The Greening of Whitney Brown is a 2011 adventure film directed by Peter Skillman Odiorne. It stars Aidan Quinn, Brooke Shields, Kris Kristofferson and Sammi Hanratty. The film received a limited theatrical release on November 11, 2011.

neg: The Boat That Rocked The Boat That Rocked (retitled Pirate Radio in North America, Good Morning England in France, Radio Rock Revolution in Germany) is a 2009 British comedy film written and directed by Richard Curtis, with pirate radio in the United Kingdom during the 1960s as its setting. The film has an ensemble cast featuring Philip Seymour Hoffman, Bill Nighy, Rhys Ifans, Nick Frost, and Kenneth Branagh. Set in 1966, it tells the story of the fictitious pirate radio station "Radio Rock" and its crew of eclectic disc jockeys, who broadcast rock and pop music to the United Kingdom from a ship anchored in the North Sea while the British government endeavours to shut them down. It was produced by Working Title Films for Universal Pictures, and was filmed on the Isle of Portland and at Shepperton Studios.

neg: The Sand The Sand is a 2015 American gore film directed by Isaac Gabaeff and starring Brooke Butler, Jamie Kennedy and Mitchel Musso. At least one version of the opening credits reads "Killer Beach," but the closing credits give the movie title as "The Sand."

neg: Dirty Pretty Things (film) Dirty Pretty Things is a 2002 British social thriller film directed by Stephen Frears and written by Steven Knight. Following the lives of two immigrants in London, it was filmed in a documentary style was produced by BBC Films and Celador Films.

neg: The Hunters (1996 film) The Hunters (Swedish: Jägarna ) is a Swedish thriller film which was released to cinemas in Sweden on 31 January 1996, directed by Kjell Sundvall. A police officer from Stockholm moves back to his hometown Älvsbyn in Norrland in northern Sweden. He starts to work on a long-running reindeer poaching case and soon discovers that his brother is involved.


query: In addition to Worcestershire sauce, cheese, and oysters, what else is in Oysters Kirkpatrick?

pos: Oysters Kirkpatrick Oysters Kirkpatrick, also called Oysters Kilpatrick, Kirkpatrick and oysters, or Oysters Philpatrick, is a classic English recipe involving oysters, cheese, Worcestershire sauce and bacon.

pos: Worcestershire sauce Worcestershire sauce ( ), (Merriam-Webster: \ˈwu̇s-tə(r)-ˌshir-, -shər- "also" -ˌshī(-ə)r-\ ), frequently shortened to Worcester sauce ( ) , is a fermented liquid condiment of complex mixture originally created by the Worcester chemists John Wheeley Lea and William Henry Perrins, who went on to form the company Lea & Perrins. The ingredients are allowed to mature for 18 months before being blended and bottled in Worcester, where the exact recipe is kept a secret.

neg: Gumbo Gumbo is a stew popular in the U.S. state of Louisiana, and that state's official state cuisine. It may have originated in southern Louisiana during the 18th century, possibly as a stew of the Choctaws served over corn grits. Gumbo consists primarily of a strongly-flavored stock, meat or shellfish, a thickener, and what Louisianians call the "Holy Trinity" of vegetables, namely celery, bell peppers, and onions. Gumbo is often categorized by the type of thickener used, the okra, the filé powder (dried and ground sassafras leaves), or roux, the French base made of flour and fat. The dish likely derived its name from either a word from a Bantu language for okra ("ki ngombo") or the Choctaw word for filé ("kombo").

neg: Cranberry sauce Cranberry sauce or cranberry jelly is a sauce or relish made out of cranberries, commonly served as a condiment with Thanksgiving dinner in North America and Christmas dinner in the United Kingdom. There are differences in flavor depending on the geography of where the sauce is made: in Europe it is generally slightly sour-tasting, while in North America it is sweetened.

neg: Sauce andalouse Sauce andalouse is a Belgian specialty, a sauce consisting of mayonnaise, tomato paste, and peppers (such as pimientos or (roasted) bell pepper) typically served with french fries. Some recipes use velouté or espagnole sauce instead of mayonnaise. Despite the name, there is no connection with the Spanish region of Andalusia.

neg: Hollandaise sauce Hollandaise sauce ( or ; ] ), also referred to as Dutch sauce, is an emulsion of egg yolk, liquid butter, water and lemon juice (or a white wine or vinegar reduction), whisked together over the low heat of a double boiler. Additional salt, white pepper and/or cayenne pepper is used for seasoning.

neg: Oysters Rockefeller Oysters Rockefeller consists of oysters on the half-shell that have been topped with a rich sauce of butter, parsley and other green herbs, and bread crumbs, then baked or broiled. Lemon wedges are the typical garnish.

neg: Lobster stew Lobster stew ("Caldereta de llagosta" in catalan) is a Menorcan dish. The lobster is added to a sofrito, onions, tomatoes, garlic and parsley and boiled, and is eaten with thin slices of bread. It is one of the most famous dishes in Menorca and even the King of Spain goes there sometimes only to savour this stew.

neg: Bacon and cabbage Bacon and cabbage (Irish: "bágún agus cabáiste" ) is a dish traditionally associated with Ireland. The dish consists of sliced back bacon boiled with cabbage and potatoes. Sometimes but rarely with other vegetables such as Mushy peas, onions, carrots, parsnips are sometimes added. Smoked bacon is sometimes used.

neg: Cumberland sauce Cumberland sauce is a fruit sauce, usually used on non-white meats, such as venison, ham, and lamb. Coming out of the long-standing medieval tradition of piquant spicy fruit sauces rendered sharply sour with verjuice or vinegar and served with meat, but created sometime in the 19th century, the sauce appears in various editions of Mrs Beeton's Book of Household Management. It was named for the Duke of Cumberland, who had ties to Hanover, Germany, where the sauce was invented, according to Alexis Soyer's recipe in "The Gastronomic Regenerator " (1846) for a port-wine based sauce accompanying boar’s head, which Janet Clarkson notes "contains what we think of as the required citrus note in the form of Seville orange rind (along with mustard)."

neg: Saveloy A saveloy is a type of highly seasoned sausage, usually bright red, normally boiled and frequently available in British fish and chips shops, occasionally also available fried in batter. The word is believed to originate from the Swiss-French "cervelas" or "servelat", ultimately from the Latin "cerebrus"; originally a pig brain sausage particularly associated with Switzerland.

neg: Ranch dressing Ranch dressing is a type of salad dressing made of some combination of buttermilk, salt, garlic, onion, mustard, herbs (commonly chives, parsley, and dill), and spices (commonly black pepper, paprika, and ground mustard seed), mixed into a sauce based on mayonnaise or another oil emulsion. Sour cream and yogurt are sometimes used as a substitute by some cooks to create a lower-fat version. Ranch dressing has been the best-selling salad dressing in the United States since 1992, when it overtook Italian dressing. It is also popular as a dip and flavoring for chips and other foods.

neg: Cheddar sauce Cheddar sauce, cheddar cheese sauce, or cheese sauce is a traditional sauce used in English cooking. The sauce is based upon white sauce, which is known as one of the 'mother sauces' and cheddar cheese. It is could be seen as an English equivalent of the French Mornay sauce (itself a variant of Béchamel sauce traditionally mixed with half Gruyère and half Parmesan). The sauce is made by adding an amount of cheddar cheese to white sauce and then spiced using English mustard, Worcestershire sauce and pepper among other ingredients.

neg: Bajan pepper sauce Bajan pepper sauce is a Barbadian-style hot sauce condiment made from hot peppers. It is similar to Cajun-style hot sauce and is traditionally applied in local Barbadian cuisine including meat, poultry, and fish.

neg: Lao sausage Lao sausage, also known as Laotian sausage / Sai Oua / Sai Ua (Lao: ໄສ້ອັ່ວ ; Thai: ไส้อั่ว ) or Sai Gork / Sai Kork or Sai Krok (Lao: ໄສ້ກອກ ; Thai: ไส้กรอก ), usually refers to a popular type of Lao sausage made from coarsely chopped fatty pork seasoned with lemongrass, galangal, kaffir lime leaves, shallots, cilantro, chillies, garlic, salt and fish sauce.

neg: Ngapi Ngapi (Burmese: ငပိ or ငါးပိ ] , literally "pressed fish"), formerly also spelled ngapee, nga-pee, and gnapee, is a generic term for pungent pastes made of either fish or shrimp in Burmese cuisine. Ngapi is usually made by fermenting fish or shrimp that is salted and ground then sun dried. Many variations exist. "Ngapi" is a generic term which applies only to the content. Like cheese, it can be distinguished based on main ingredient and regional origin. Ngapi can be distinguished from the type of fish used to make it. Ngapi can come from whole fish (such as ngapi kaung), from small fish (mhyin ngapi) or from prawns. Ngapi is a main ingredient of Lower Burmese cooking and is used as a condiment or additive in most dishes. Raw ngapi is not intended for direct consumption.

neg: Rookworst Rookworst (] ; smoked sausage) is a type of Dutch sausage in which ground meat is mixed with spices and salt and stuffed into a casing (originally made of intestine, but these days usually made of bovine collagen). Rookworst is a traditional ingredient in stamppot. Described as a Bologna-type sausage, it is common in the Netherlands and is also exported to Great Britain. Typical Dutch rookworst is made with pork, but in recent years, turkey based rookworst is available in most Dutch supermarkets.

neg: Egg and chips Egg and chips is a popular working-class dish in the United Kingdom, consisting simply of chips served with fried eggs. Food writer Mary Cadogan says that "Egg and chips for me is a marriage made in heaven. Whenever I feel the need of a bit of comfort eating this is the dish I usually turn to." Heston Blumenthal, owner of the Michelin star award-winning Fat Duck restaurant in Berkshire, wrote in "The Guardian" that "You can't get much more British a dish than fried egg and chips."

neg: Chow-chow (food) Chow-chow (also spelled chowchow or chow chow) is a North American pickled relish. Its ingredients vary considerably, depending on whether it is the "Northern" (primarily Pennsylvanian) or "Southern" variety. The former is made from a combination of vegetables, mainly green tomatoes, chayote, red tomatoes, onions, carrots, beans of various types, asparagus, cauliflower and peas. The latter is entirely or almost entirely cabbage. These ingredients are pickled in a canning jar. After preserving, chow-chow is served cold, often as a condiment or relish.

neg: Oyster cracker Oyster crackers are small, salted crackers, typically rounds about 0.6 in (15 mm) in diameter, although a slightly smaller hexagonal variety is also prevalent. They are often served with oyster stew, but oyster crackers do not contain oysters. They are similar in ingredients and flavor to saltine crackers.

neg: Queijo coalho Queijo coalho or queijo-de-coalho (] , literally "rennet cheese") is a firm but very lightweight cheese produced in Northeastern Brazil, with an almost "squeaky" texture when bitten into (similar to Cheese curds). It is a popular and cheap snack for beach-goers in Brazil or in homemade churrasco, where the cheese is cooked over a charcoal grill, often with a sprinkling of oregano or garlic-flavored sauce. It is eaten off a stick, much like a kebab. It gets a golden surface when grilled, and does not melt much.

neg: Soup all'Imperatrice Soup all'Imperatrice (Italian: "Zuppa all'Imperatrice") is a soup made from breast of fowl, eggs, ground rice, clear stock, salt, pepper and nutmeg.


query: The Colonists are an extraterrestrial species and the primary group of antagonists in the 1998 American science fiction thriller film directed by whom?

pos: Colonist (The X-Files) The Colonists are an extraterrestrial species and are also the primary group of antagonists in the science fiction television show, "The X-Files", as well as the first "X-Files" feature film. The mystery revolving around their identity and purpose is slowly revealed across the course of the series. In the series' plot, the Colonists are collaborating with a group of United States government officials known as the Syndicate in a plan to colonize the Earth, hence their name.

pos: The X-Files (film) The X-Files (also known as The X-Files: Fight the Future) is a 1998 American science fiction thriller film directed by Rob Bowman. Chris Carter wrote the screenplay. The story is by Carter and Frank Spotnitz. It is the first feature film based on Carter's television series "The X-Files, " which revolves around fictional unsolved cases called the X-Files and the characters solving them. Five main characters from the television series appear in the film: David Duchovny, Gillian Anderson, Mitch Pileggi, John Neville, and William B. Davis reprise their respective roles as FBI agents Fox Mulder and Dana Scully, FBI Assistant Director Walter Skinner, Well-Manicured Man, and the Cigarette-Smoking Man. The film was promoted with the tagline "Fight the Future".

neg: Sour Grapes (film) Sour Grapes is a 1998 American comedy film written and directed by Larry David. The film stars Steven Weber, Craig Bierko, Viola Harris, Karen Sillas, Robyn Peterman and Matt Keeslar. The film was released on April 17, 1998, by Columbia Pictures.

neg: Desperation Boulevard Desperation Boulevard is a 1998 American film written and directed by Greg Glienna.

neg: Hush (1998 film) Hush is a 1998 American thriller starring Gwyneth Paltrow, Johnathon Schaech, and Jessica Lange.

neg: Vampires (film) Vampires (also known as John Carpenter's Vampires) is a 1998 American independent horror Western film directed and scored by John Carpenter and starring James Woods. It was adapted from the novel of the same name by John Steakley.

neg: Rear Window (1998 film) Rear Window is a 1998 American made-for-television crime-drama thriller film directed by Jeff Bleckner. The teleplay by Larry Gross and Eric Overmyer is an updated adaptation of the classic 1954 film of the same name directed by Alfred Hitchcock which was based on the short story "It Had to Be Murder" by Cornell Woolrich. It was broadcast in the US by ABC on November 22, 1998. This stars Christopher Reeve (in one of his final screen appearances), Daryl Hannah, and Robert Forster.

neg: The White Raven (1998 film) The White Raven is a 1998 action crime thriller starring Ron Silver, Joanna Pacuła and Roy Scheider. Directed by Jakub Z. Rucinski and Andrew Stevens, the film is based on the novel of the same name by Michael Blodgett.

neg: The Hi-Lo Country The Hi-Lo Country is a 1998 American Western-drama film directed by Stephen Frears, starring Billy Crudup, Penélope Cruz, Woody Harrelson, Cole Hauser, Sam Elliott, Patricia Arquette, Enrique Castillo, and Katy Jurado. It is set in post-World War II New Mexico and is based on the Western novel by Max Evans.

neg: The Alien Encounters The Alien Encounters is a 1979 science fiction film written and directed by James T. Flocker. It is an American B movie which follows the story of an investigator who is sent to locate an alien probe which has landed on Earth. Aliens from Barnard's Star have created a machine known as a betatron which has remarkable rejuvenating effects.

neg: Celebrity (film) Celebrity is a 1998 American comedy-drama film written and directed by Woody Allen, and features an ensemble cast. The screenplay describes the divergent paths a couple takes following their divorce.

neg: U.S. Marshals (film) U.S. Marshals is a 1998 American action crime thriller film directed by Stuart Baird. The storyline was conceived from a screenplay written by Roy Huggins and John Pogue. The film is a spin-off to the 1993 motion picture "The Fugitive", which in turn was based on the 1960s television series of the same name, created by Huggins. The story does not involve the character of Dr. Richard Kimble, portrayed by Harrison Ford in the initial film, but instead the plot centers on United States Deputy Marshal Sam Gerard, once again played by Tommy Lee Jones. The plot follows Gerard and his team as they pursue another fugitive Mark Warren, played by Wesley Snipes, who attempts to escape government officials following an international conspiracy scandal. The cast features Robert Downey, Jr., Joe Pantoliano, Daniel Roebuck, Tom Wood, and LaTanya Richardson, several of whom portrayed Deputy Marshals in the previous film.

neg: Soylent Green Soylent Green is a 1973 American science fiction thriller film directed by Richard Fleischer and starring Charlton Heston and Leigh Taylor-Young. Edward G. Robinson appears in his final film. Loosely based on the 1966 science fiction novel "Make Room! Make Room!" by Harry Harrison, it combines both police procedural and science fiction genres; the investigation into the murder of a wealthy businessman and a dystopian future of dying oceans and year-round humidity due to the greenhouse effect, resulting in suffering from pollution, poverty, overpopulation, euthanasia and depleted resources.

neg: Hard Time (film) Hard Time is a 1998 American crime film directed by and starring Burt Reynolds.

neg: Ridley Scott Sir Ridley Scott (born 30 November 1937) is an English film director and producer. Following his commercial breakthrough with the science-fiction horror film "Alien" (1979), his best known works include the neo-noir dystopian science fiction film "Blade Runner" (1982), historical drama and Best Picture Oscar winner "Gladiator" (2000), and science fiction film "The Martian" (2015).

neg: Black Dog (film) Black Dog is a 1998 American action thriller film directed by Kevin Hooks and starring Patrick Swayze. The film tells the story of a trucker and ex-con who is manipulated into transporting illegal arms. The film co-stars musicians Randy Travis and Meat Loaf.

neg: Urban Legend (film) Urban Legend is a 1998 American slasher film directed by Jamie Blanks, written by Silvio Horta, and starring Jared Leto, Alicia Witt, and Rebecca Gayheart. Its plot focuses on a series of murders on the campus of a private New England university, all of which appear to be modeled after popular urban legends. In addition to its younger cast, the film features supporting performances from Robert Englund, Loretta Devine, John Neville, and Brad Dourif.

neg: Komodo (film) Komodo is a 1999 monster movie directed by Michael Lantieri.

neg: Nightbreed Nightbreed (also Night Breed on publicity material, or Clive Barker's Nightbreed) is a 1990 American dark fantasy horror film written and directed by Clive Barker, based on his 1988 novella "Cabal", and starring Craig Sheffer, Anne Bobby, David Cronenberg, Charles Haid, Hugh Quarshie, and Doug Bradley. The film features an unstable mental patient who is falsely led to believe by his doctor that he is a serial killer. Tracked down by the police, his doctor, and his girlfriend Lori, Boone eventually finds refuge in an abandoned cemetery called Midian among a "tribe" of monsters and outcasts known as the "Nightbreed" where they hide from humanity.

neg: Somewhere in the City Somewhere in the City is a 1998 American indie comedy-drama film written and directed by Ramin Niami.

neg: The Fourth Kind The Fourth Kind is a 2009 American science fiction horror film directed by Olatunde Osunsanmi and featuring a cast of Milla Jovovich, Elias Koteas, Corey Johnson, Will Patton, Charlotte Milchard, Mia Mckenna-Bruce, Yulian Vergov, and Olatunde Osunsanmi. The title is derived from the expansion of J. Allen Hynek's classification of close encounters with aliens, in which the fourth kind denotes alien abductions.

neg: The Object of My Affection The Object of My Affection is a 1998 romantic comedy-drama film, adapted from the book of the same name by Stephen McCauley, and starring Jennifer Aniston and Paul Rudd. The story concerns a pregnant New York social worker who develops romantic feelings for her gay best friend and decides to raise her child with him, and the complications that ensue. The film is directed by Nicholas Hytner, and the screenplay was written by Wendy Wasserstein.


query: Which stories is the musical, in which Stephen Flaherty was nominated eight Tony Awards for, based on?

pos: Stephen Flaherty Stephen Flaherty (born September 18, 1960) is an American composer of musical theatre. He works most often in collaboration with the lyricist/bookwriter Lynn Ahrens. They are best known for writing the Broadway musicals "Once on This Island", which was nominated for eight Tony Awards, "Seussical", which was nominated for the Grammy Award, and "Ragtime", which was nominated for twelve Tony Awards and won Best Original Score. Flaherty was also nominated for two Academy Awards and two Golden Globe Awards with Lynn Ahrens for his songs and song score for the animated film musical "Anastasia".

pos: Seussical Seussical is a musical by Lynn Ahrens and Stephen Flaherty based on the stories of Dr. Seuss (mainly "Horton Hears a Who!", "Horton Hatches the Egg" and "Miss Gertrude McFuzz") that debuted on Broadway in 2000. The play's story is a complex amalgamation of many of Seuss's most famous books. After a Broadway run, the production spawned two US national tours and a UK tour. It has become a beloved classic for schools, communities, and regional theatres.

neg: Nine (musical) Nine is a musical, initially created and written by Maury Yeston as a class-project in Lehman Engel's BMI Music Theatre Workshop in 1973. It was later developed with a book by Mario Fratti, and then again with a book by Arthur Kopit, music and lyrics by Maury Yeston. The story is based also on Federico Fellini's semi-autobiographical film "8½". It focuses on film director Guido Contini, who is dreading his imminent 40th birthday and facing a midlife crisis, which is blocking his creative impulses and entangling him in a web of romantic difficulties in early-1960s Venice.

neg: 7 Stories 7 Stories is a play created by Canadian playwright Morris Panych.

neg: The Little Mermaid (musical) The Little Mermaid is a stage musical produced by Disney Theatrical, based on the animated 1989 Disney film of the same name and the classic story of the same name by Hans Christian Andersen about a mermaid who dreams of the world above the sea and gives up her voice to find love. Its book is by Doug Wright, music by Alan Menken and lyrics by Howard Ashman (written for the film), with additional lyrics by Glenn Slater. Its underwater setting and story about aquatic characters requires unusual technical designs and strategies to create gliding movements for the actors.

neg: The Most Happy Fella The Most Happy Fella is a 1956 musical with a book, music, and lyrics by Frank Loesser. The story, about a romance between an older man and younger woman, is based on the play "They Knew What They Wanted" by Sidney Howard. The original Broadway production ran for 14 months and it has enjoyed several revivals, including one staged by the New York City Opera.

neg: Tonight Quintet The "Tonight Quintet" is a song from the musical "West Side Story" (1957), with music by Leonard Bernstein and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim. Carol J. Oja has written that, "with the 'Tonight' quintet, Bernstein once again created a masterpiece of ensemble, one that rivals the best of such moments in European opera." Her remark echoes the earlier view of Will Crutchfield. In his review of the 1984 studio performance of "West Side Story", which was conducted by Bernstein himself, Crutchfield wrote that the release of the recording "is above all an occasion for celebrating one of the great operas of our century. ... This idea is hotly resisted, but the best argument for it is here on the records in the music itself. I can see no reason why the 'Tonight' ensemble should not be compared to the quartet from "Rigoletto"."

neg: Show Boat Show Boat is a musical in two acts, with music by Jerome Kern and book and lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II, based on Edna Ferber's best-selling novel of the same name. The musical follows the lives of the performers, stagehands and dock workers on the "Cotton Blossom", a Mississippi River show boat, over 40 years from 1887 to 1927. Its themes include racial prejudice and tragic, enduring love. The musical contributed such classic songs as "Ol' Man River", "Make Believe", and "Can't Help Lovin' Dat Man".

neg: Cindy (musical) Cindy is a musical with music and lyrics by Johnny Brandon, and a book by Joe Sauter and Mike Sawyer. It ran Off-Broadway at the Gate, Orpheum, and Cricket Theatres (not simultaneously) in 1964 and 1965. It is an adaptation of the story of Cinderella. It was produced by Chandler Warren and Philip Temple, by arrangement with Stuart Wiener and Jerry Grace.

neg: Stories (Gloria Gaynor album) Stories is the eighth album by Gloria Gaynor, released in 1980. Failing to produce any hit singles, "Stories" didn't fare as well as its predecessors and peaked at #178 on The Billboard 200.

neg: Tick, Tick... Boom! Tick, Tick... Boom! (styled as tick, tick... BOOM!) is a musical written by American composer Jonathan Larson, who won a Pulitzer and three Tony Awards for his musical "Rent". "Tick, Tick... Boom!" tells the story of an aspiring composer named Jon, who lives in New York City in 1990. Jon is worried he has made the wrong career choice to be part of the performing arts. The story is autobiographical, as stated by Larson's father in the liner notes of the cast recording – Larson had been trying to establish himself in theater since the early 1980s.

neg: A Stoop on Orchard Street A Stoop on Orchard Street is a musical by Jay Kholos. The story, inspired by a visit to the Lower East Side Tenement Museum, is a nostalgic look at the year 1910. The musical premiered Off-Broadway in 2003, where it enjoyed a long run. It has since been revived several times.

neg: A Year with Frog and Toad A Year With Frog and Toad is a musical written by brothers Robert (music) and Willie Reale (book and lyrics), based on the "Frog and Toad" children's stories written and illustrated by Arnold Lobel. The musical follows the woodland adventures of two amphibious friends, a worrywart toad and a perky frog, with their assorted colorful hopping, crawling and flying companions, over the course of a year. The show broke new ground by bringing professional children's theatre to Broadway, sparking the interest of the age 3-to-10 set.

neg: High Society (musical) High Society is a musical comedy with a book by Arthur Kopit and music and lyrics by Cole Porter. Some updated or new lyrics were provided by Susan Birkenhead. The musical is based on Philip Barry's 1939 stage comedy, "The Philadelphia Story" and the subsequent 1956 musical film adaptation, "High Society", which features Porter's songs. The musical includes most of the music featured in the movie, along with several songs selected from other Porter musicals. It premiered on Broadway in 1998 and has since been revived. Another musical adaptation of the story had opened in London in 1987 with a different book by Richard Eyre.

neg: Marry Me a Little (musical) Marry Me a Little is a musical with lyrics and music by Stephen Sondheim, conceived by Craig Lucas and Norman René. The revue sets songs cut from Sondheim's better-known musicals, as well as songs from his then-unproduced musical "Saturday Night" to a dialogue-free plot about the relationship between two lonely New York single people, who are in emotional conflict during an evening in their separate one-room apartments. Despite knowing of the other's existence, they never get up the courage to talk to each other, though they imagine what such an encounter might be like.

neg: Oh, Boy! (musical) Oh, Boy! is a musical in two acts, with music by Jerome Kern and book and lyrics by Guy Bolton and P. G. Wodehouse. The story concerns befuddled George, who elopes with Lou Ellen, the daughter of Judge Carter. He must win over her parents and his Quaker aunt. His dapper polo champion friend Jim is in love with madcap actress Jackie, but George must hide her while she extricates herself from a scrape with a bumbling constable whom she punched at a party raid.

neg: A Man of No Importance (musical) A Man of No Importance is a musical with music by Stephen Flaherty, lyrics by Lynn Ahrens and a book by Terrence McNally, based on the 1994 Albert Finney film, "A Man of No Importance". It tells the story of an amateur theatre group in Dublin and their leader, who is determined to stage a version of "Salome" at his church, despite the objections of church authorities.

neg: The Fantasticks The Fantasticks is a 1960 musical with music by Harvey Schmidt and lyrics by Tom Jones. It tells an allegorical story, loosely based on the play "The Romancers" ("Les Romanesques") by Edmond Rostand, concerning two neighboring fathers who trick their children, Luisa and Matt, into falling in love by pretending to feud. The fathers hire traveling actors to stage a mock abduction, so that Matt can heroically seem to save Luisa, ending the supposed feud. When the children discover the deception, they reject the arranged love match and separate. Each then gains disillusioning experiences of the real world, seen in parallel fantasy sequences. They return to each other bruised but enlightened, and they renew their vows with more maturity.

neg: I Can Get It for You Wholesale I Can Get It for You Wholesale is a musical, produced by David Merrick, music and lyrics by Harold Rome, and book by Jerome Weidman, based on his 1937 novel of the same title. It marked the Broadway debut of 19-year-old Barbra Streisand, who was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Musical. The story is set in the New York City Garment District in 1937, during the Great Depression, and the songs utilize traditional Jewish harmonies evocative of the setting and the period of the show.

neg: Freaky Friday (musical) Freaky Friday is a musical with music and lyrics by Tom Kitt and Brian Yorkey, and a book by Bridget Carpenter. Based on the 1972 book of the same name, the musical is an adaptation of the 1976 and 2003 films. When an overworked mother and her teenage daughter magically swap bodies, they have just one day to put things right again before mom’s big wedding.

neg: Irene (musical) Irene is a musical with a book by James Montgomery, lyrics by Joseph McCarthy, and music by Harry Tierney. Based on Montgomery's play "Irene O'Dare", it is set in New York City's Upper West Side and focuses on immigrant shop assistant Irene O'Dare, who is introduced to Long Island's high society when she is hired by one of its leading "grande dames" to help redecorate her home.

neg: Academy Award for Best Original Musical The Academy Award for Best Original Musical (formerly known as "Scoring of a Musical Picture", "Best Original Song Score and Adaptation Score" and "Best Original Song Score") is a category still in the Academy rulebooks, but cannot be awarded unless "the field of eligible submissions is determined to be of sufficient quantity and quality to justify award competition."