query: Since what year has the car Rick Kelly drives been manufactured?

pos: Rick Kelly Rick Kelly (born 17 January, 1983) is an Australian professional racing driver currently competing in the Virgin Australia Supercars Championship, driving the No. 15 Nissan Altima for Nissan Motorsport. Previously, he drove for the HSV Dealer Team with whom he won the Bathurst 1000 alongside Greg Murphy in 2003 and 2004. In 2006, Kelly extended his success by winning the V8 Supercar Championship for the HSV Dealer Team. His older brother Todd Kelly is also a racing driver who won the Bathurst 1000 in 2005. His parents John and Margaret Kelly formed Kelly Racing in 2009 with Rick and Todd Kelly as lead drivers.

pos: Nissan Altima The Nissan Altima (Japanese: 日産・アルティマ ) is a mid-size car which has been manufactured by Nissan since 1992. It is a continuation of the Nissan Bluebird line, which began in 1957. The Nissan Altima mainly competes against cars such as Chevrolet's Malibu, Ford's Fusion, Honda's Accord, Hyundai's Sonata, Mazda's Mazda6, Subaru's Legacy, Kia's Optima, Toyota's Camry and Volkswagen's Passat.

neg: Hyundai Trajet The Hyundai Trajet (Hangul: 현대 트라제 ; pronounced as "tra-jay", derived from the French word, meaning "travel from one point to another"), ) is a seven-seater multi-purpose vehicle that was manufactured by Hyundai Motor Company between 1999 and 2008. The series was launched in 1999, with the 2.0 GSI models and a choice of gasoline, diesel or LPG power, followed by the limited edition SE 2.7 V6 in 2001.

neg: Pimpmobile A pimpmobile is a large luxury vehicle, usually a 1960s, '70s or '80s-model Lincoln, Cadillac, Buick or Chrysler vehicle, that has been customized in a garish, extravagant and kitsch or campy style. The style is largely an American phenomenon. Aftermarket features or modifications such as headlight covers, hood ornaments, expensive stereo systems, unusual paint colors, and shag carpet interiors were used by car owners to advertise their wealth and importance. Once considered a pejorative, these customized vehicles were popular with pimps, drug dealers, and gang leaders in the ghettos of large cities of the United States in the late 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, especially New York City, Kansas City, Chicago, Oakland and Los Angeles as a symbol of their wealth and power. By the 1990s and 2000s, pimpmobiles included any large, extravagantly customized vehicle, such as a customized SUV truck.

neg: McLaren 12C The McLaren MP4-12C, later known simply as the McLaren 12C, is a sports car designed and manufactured by McLaren Automotive. It is the first production car wholly designed and built by McLaren since the McLaren F1, which ended production in 1998. The car's final design was unveiled in September 2009, and was launched in mid-2011.

neg: General Motors General Motors Company, commonly known as GM, is an American multinational corporation headquartered in Detroit, Michigan, that designs, manufactures, markets, and distributes vehicles and vehicle parts, and sells financial services. With global headquarters at the Renaissance Center in Detroit, Michigan, United States, GM manufactures cars and trucks in 35 countries. In 2008, 8.35 million GM cars and trucks were sold globally under various brands. GM reached the milestone of selling 10 million vehicles in 2016. Current auto brands are Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, GMC, Holden, and Wuling. Former GM automotive brands include McLaughlin, Oakland, Oldsmobile, Pontiac, Hummer, Saab, Saturn, as well as Vauxhall, and Opel, which were bought by Groupe PSA in 2017.

neg: Marble-Swift The Marble-Swift was an American automobile manufactured in Chicago from 1903 until 1905. It was a friction-drive two-seater with a 12 or 16 hp twin-cylinder engine. The automobile was noted for its patented friction power transmitting mechanism.

neg: Cadillac Fleetwood The Cadillac Fleetwood is a model of luxury car manufactured by the Cadillac division of General Motors from the 1985 through the 1996 model years.

neg: Autocar Company The Autocar Company is an American specialist manufacturer of severe-duty, Cab Over Engine vocational trucks, based in Hagerstown, Indiana. Started in 1897 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania as a manufacturer of Brass Era automobiles, and trucks from 1899, Autocar is the oldest surviving motor vehicle brand in the Western Hemisphere. The last cars were produced in 1911 and the company continued as a maker of severe-duty trucks. In 1953 Autocar was taken over by the White Motor Company which made Autocar their top-of-the-line brand. White was taken over in turn by Volvo Trucks in 1981 with Autocar continuing as a division. In 2001, Autocar was acquired by GVW Group, LLC, which revived Autocar as an independent company. Autocar now builds three models of custom-engineered, heavy duty trucks and has regained leading positions in several vocational segments.

neg: Late model A "late model car" is a car which has been recently designed or manufactured, often the latest model. (An "early model car" or "classic car" is a car old enough to be of historical interest; there is no usual intermediate term.) The term is broadly used in car racing, and often appears in common use, as in: "The officer was driving an unmarked, late model sedan."

neg: AC Cobra The AC Cobra, sold as the Shelby Cobra in the United States of America, is an Anglo-American sports car with a Ford V8 engine, produced intermittently in both the UK and United States of America since 1962.

neg: Bentley Bentayga The Bentley Bentayga is a front-engine, all-wheel drive, five-door luxury SUV marketed by the Volkswagen Group's Bentley division beginning with model year 2016, with its body manufactured at the Volkswagen Bratislava Plant and final assembly at the company's Crewe factory.

neg: Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser The Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser is a large rear-wheel drive station wagon that was manufactured and marketed by Oldsmobile from 1971 to 1992 across three generations, sharing platforms with the Buick, Pontiac, and Chevrolet full-size wagons. The Custom Cruiser reintroduced Oldsmobile to the full-sized station wagon market segment following the discontinuation of the 1964 Oldsmobile 88 Fiesta models.

neg: Porsche 928 The Porsche 928 is a luxurious grand tourer produced by Porsche AG of Germany from 1978 to 1995. Originally intended to replace the company's well-known and famed 911, the 928 combined the power, poise, and handling of a sports car with the refinement, comfort, and equipment of a luxurious saloon to create what some Porsche executives thought would be a vehicle with wider appeal than the compact, quirky and sometimes difficult 911.

neg: Holden Caprice The Holden Caprice is a full-size car which has been produced by Holden in Australia since 1990. The similar Holden Statesman, which was also introduced in 1990 as a model below the Caprice, was discontinued in September 2010. Between 1971 and 1984, Holden marketed their long-wheelbase sedans under the Statesman marque.

neg: Perkins Engineering Perkins Engineering was a team contesting the Australian V8 Supercar Championship Series, operating as an active racing team between 1986 and 2008. From 2009 onwards, the involvement of Perkins Engineering in the championship was wound back into a supply relationship with the newly formed Kelly Racing.

neg: Austin 7 The Austin 7 is an economy car that was produced from 1922 until 1939 in the United Kingdom by Austin. It was nicknamed the "Baby Austin" and was at that time one of the most popular cars produced for the British market and sold well abroad. Its effect on the British market was similar to that of the Model T Ford in the US, replacing most other British economy cars and cyclecars of the early 1920s. It was also licensed and copied by companies all over the world. The very first BMW car, the BMW Dixi, was a licensed Austin 7, as were the original American Austins. In France they were made and sold as Rosengarts. In Japan, Nissan also used the 7 design as the basis for their first cars, although not under licence. This eventually led to a 1952 agreement for Nissan to build and sell Austins in Japan under the Austin name.

neg: Chevrolet Opala The Chevrolet Opala was a Brazilian mid-size car sold under the Chevrolet brand in South America from 1969 to 1992, by General Motors do Brasil. It was derived from the German Opel Rekord Series C, Opel Commodore Series A, but used USA-sourced engines and Holden styling. Two four-cylinder engines: the Chevrolet 153ci 4-cylinder from Chevy II/Nova, which later got a new crankshaft stroke and cylinder bore, changing its size to 151ci (usually mistaken for the Pontiac Iron Duke engine), and the six-cylinder 250 from the contemporary line of North American car/light truck production. GM manufactured about one million units including the Opala sedan, Opala Coupé, and the station wagon variant, the Opala Caravan. It was replaced by the Chevrolet Omega in 1992, also an Opel spinoff. It was the first passenger car built by GM in Brazil by the General Motors do Brasil division. A luxury version of the Opala was marketed as the Chevrolet Diplomata.

neg: Kia Carnival The Kia Carnival is a minivan manufactured by Kia Motors, introduced in September 1998, marketed globally under various nameplates–prominently as the Kia Sedona is currently in its third generation. In North America, a rebadged variant known as the Hyundai Entourage was sold from 2007–2009.

neg: American (1917 automobile) The American was an American automobile, built in Plainfield, New Jersey, manufactured from 1917 to 1924. The company also used names American Balanced Six or American Six, "Balanced" referred to its chassis, not the engine. It was an assembled car, one of many built in its time, and it used components from several manufacturers like Borg & Beck for clutch, Warner transmission, Stromberg carburetor and Rutenber engines.

neg: Ford Taurus (sixth generation) The sixth generation of the Ford Taurus is a full-size car manufactured by Ford. Produced since June 2009, it is the current version of the Ford Taurus in markets outside of China. Sharing its underpinnings with its 2008-2009 predecessor, the sixth generation features a completely redesigned exterior and interior, marking the introduction of Kinetic Design for the Taurus.

neg: Hyundai i20 The Hyundai i20 is a supermini car produced by the South Korean manufacturer Hyundai since 2008. The i20 made its debut at the Paris Motor Show in October 2008, and sits between the i10 and i30. It is a front wheel drive car, and is available in three and five door versions. The i20 replaces the Getz in nearly all of its markets, though the Getz was not phased out in most of the world until 2011.


query: Tracinda Corporation is an American private investment corporation that was owned by the late Kerkor "Kirk" Kerkorian, an Armenian-American businessman, investor, and philanthropist, Kerkorian is known for having been one of the important figures in the shaping of which city ?

pos: Tracinda Tracinda Corporation is an American private investment corporation that was owned by the late Kirk Kerkorian. Its major investments include a minority interest of MGM Resorts International. Tracinda is headquartered in Las Vegas, Nevada. The company was named after Kerkorian's daughters, Tracy and Linda.

pos: Kirk Kerkorian Kerkor "Kirk" Kerkorian (June 6, 1917 – June 15, 2015) was an Armenian-American businessman, investor, and philanthropist. He was the president and CEO of Tracinda Corporation, his private holding company based in Beverly Hills, California. Kerkorian is known for having been one of the important figures in the shaping of Las Vegas and, with architect Martin Stern, Jr. described as the "father of the mega-resort". He built the world's largest hotel in Las Vegas three times: the International Hotel (opened in 1969), the MGM Grand Hotel (1973) and the MGM Grand (1993). He purchased the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer movie studio in 1969.

neg: Bacoor Government Center The Bacoor Government Center or the Bacoor City Hall is a building which serves as the city hall of Bacoor, Cavite, Philippines.

neg: Armenian Americans Armenian Americans (Armenian: ամերիկահայեր , "amerikahayer") are citizens or residents of the United States who have total or partial Armenian ancestry. They form the second largest community in the Armenian diaspora after Armenians in Russia. The first major wave of Armenian immigration to the United States took place in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Thousands of Armenians settled in the United States following the Hamidian massacres of the mid-1890s and the Armenian Genocide of 1915 in the Ottoman Empire. Since the 1950s many Armenians from the Middle East (especially from Lebanon, Syria, Iran, Iraq, Egypt and Turkey) migrated to America as a result of political instability in this region. At around the same time immigration from the Soviet Union began. It accelerated in the late 1980s and has continued after the dissolution of the U.S.S.R. in 1991 due to socio-economic and political reasons.

neg: Cincinnati Center City Development Corporation Cincinnati Center City Development Corporation (3CDC) is a private, non-profit real-estate development and finance organization focused on strategically revitalizing Cincinnati's downtown urban core in partnership with the City of Cincinnati and the Cincinnati corporate community. Its work is specifically focused on the central business district and in the Over-the-Rhine neighborhood. On three different occasions, the Cincinnati Board of Housing Appeals has accused 3CDC of "demolition by neglect" (a first-degree misdemeanor in Cincinnati) by allowing vacant buildings to be neglected until they require emergency demolition.

neg: Internet Empowerment Resolution The Internet Empowerment Resolution was passed by Queens Community Board 3, a local governance unit of the City of New York, on April 19, 2001. The Resolution called for the acquisition of the .nyc Top Level Domain, or TLD, and for its development as a public interest resource to serve the residents and organizations of New York City. During testimony before the city council on October 17, 2008, Connecting.nyc Inc., an advocacy organization for the city's development of the .nyc TLD as a public interest resource, identified the Internet Empowerment Resolution as the origin of its existence.

neg: Tanauan, Batangas Tanauan, officially the City of Tanauan (Filipino: "Lungsod ng Tanauan" ), is a first class city in the province of Batangas, Philippines. According to the ? , it has a population of inhabitants. It was incorporated as a city under Republic Act No. 9005, signed on February 2, 2001, and ratified on March 10, 2001.

neg: Nicholas Roosevelt (1658–1742) Nicholas Roosevelt (born Nicholas van Rosenvelt) (bap. October 2, 1658 – died July 30, 1742) was a Dutch-American politician. He was an early member of the Roosevelt family and a prominent Dutch-American citizen of New Amsterdam (later New York City), and was the 4th great-grandfather to Theodore Roosevelt (1858–1919) and Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1882–1945). He was the first Roosevelt to hold an elected office in North America, as an alderman.

neg: Laith Pharaon Laith Gaith Pharaon is a global hospitality entrepreneur and real estate property developer with interests in Asia, Europe, North America and Latin America.

neg: Architecture of Istanbul The Architecture of Istanbul describes a large mixture of structures which reflect the many influences that have made an indelible mark in all districts of the city. The ancient part of the city (the historic peninsula) is still partially surrounded by the Walls of Constantinople, erected in 5th century by the Emperor Theodosius II to protect the city from invasion. The architecture inside the city proper contains buildings, statues, and functional constructions which came from Byzantine, Genoese, Ottoman, and modern Turkish sources. The city has many architecturally significant entities. Throughout its long history, Istanbul has acquired a reputation for being a cultural and ethnic melting pot. As a result, there are many historical mosques, churches, synagogues, palaces, castles and towers to visit in the city.

neg: Atatürk Boulevard Atatürk Boulevard (Turkish: "Atatürk Bulvarı" ) is the most important avenue in Ankara; Turkey. The boulevard is also known as "protocol road" because it is used by many politicians and high state officials.

neg: Stepanakert Stepanakert (Armenian: Ստեփանակերտ "Step'anakert"; ] ) or Khankendi (Azerbaijani: "Xankəndi" ), originally called Vararakn (Armenian: Վարարակն ), is the capital and the largest city of the Republic of Artsakh, a "de facto" independent republic, recognized as "de jure" part of Azerbaijan. As of 2015, the population of Stepanakert is 55,200.

neg: Trabzon during the Armenian Genocide Trabzon was a city in the Ottoman Empire where the Armenian Genocide occurred. The method employed to kill was mainly by mass drowning resulting in estimated deaths of 50,000 Armenians. The city was also an important location of subsequent trials held to prosecute those involved with the systematic massacre.

neg: Matild Manukyan Matild Manukyan (Armenian: Մաթիլդ Մանուկյան) (  1916-17 – February 17, 2001) was a wealthy Turkish businesswoman of Armenian descent. She was a real property investor and madam made a fortune in the brothel business, whereby she became the top taxpayer in Istanbul for five consecutive years during the 1990s.

neg: Kálvin tér Kálvin tér (English: Calvin Square) is a major square and intersection in the city center of Budapest, the capital of Hungary. It was named after the French Protestant Reformer John Calvin ("Kálvin János" in Hungarian) due to the large Reformed Church located there.

neg: Clearing Corporation The Clearing Corporation (TCC, former CCorp) is "a Delaware corporation owned by 17 stockholders (which include banks Goldman Sachs, Deutsche Bank and Morgan Stanley, as well as inter-dealer brokers ICAP and GFI Group and German derivatives exchange Eurex), many of whom represent the world-wide derivatives marketplace participants and market makers."

neg: Navotas Navotas is a city in the Philippines located north of Manila that is known as the Fishing Capital of the Philippines. The city has the third largest fish port in Asia and the largest in Southeast Asia. Although it was established on December 20, 1827, Navotas celebrates its foundation day every January 16. Navotas became a highly-urbanized city on June 24, 2007.

neg: Thamrin City Thamrin City in Jakarta, Indonesia is a mixed-use complex including a shopping mall, 3 apartment towers and town houses on the 10th floor. An Amaris hotel is located in one of the apartments towers. It is located in Central Jakarta. The shopping center is housing many Indonesian Batik clothes shops.

neg: Florentin, Tel Aviv Florentin (Hebrew: פלורנטין  ) is a neighborhood in the southern part of Tel Aviv, Israel, named for David Florentin, a Greek Jew who purchased the land in the late 1920s. Development of the area was spurred by its proximity to the Jaffa–Jerusalem railway. As with much of Southern Tel Aviv, for many decades the area suffered from urban decay and poverty. However, today most of the residents are young and the neighborhood is often associated with a bohemian life style. Florentin is now becoming known as a hip, "cool" place to be in Tel Aviv with coffeehouses, markets, bars, galleries and parties.

neg: Armenian Street, Chennai Armenian Street, locally known as Aranmanaikaran Street, is one of the historical streets of the commercial centre of George Town in Chennai, India. The road runs north–south and connects Mannady Street in the north with the China Bazaar Road (NSC Bose Road) in the south. The street is dotted with several century-old historical structures.

neg: Kranj Kranj (] ; also known by other alternative names) is the fourth-largest city in Slovenia, with a population of 37,373 (2015). It is located approximately 20 km northwest of Ljubljana. The centre of the City Municipality of Kranj and of the traditional region of Upper Carniola (northwestern Slovenia) is a mainly industrial city with significant electronics and rubber industries.

neg: Philadelphia Philadelphia ( ) is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the sixth-most populous city in the United States, with an estimated population of 1,567,872 and more than 6 million in the seventh-largest metropolitan statistical area, as of 2016 . Philadelphia is the economic and cultural anchor of the Delaware Valleya region located in the Northeastern United States at the confluence of the Delaware and Schuylkill Rivers with 7.2 million people residing in the eighth-largest combined statistical area in the United States.


query: What type of products did Johannes Torpe help design at a company during 2011-2015?

pos: Johannes Torpe Johannes Torpe (born 5 January 1973 in Skanderborg, Denmark) is a Danish designer, musician, producer, and former creative director of Bang & Olufsen (2011-2015). Currently, he is the CEO and creative director of the design company Johannes Torpe Studios based in Copenhagen, Denmark.

pos: Bang & Olufsen Bang & Olufsen (B&O) (stylized as BANG & OLUFSEN) is a high-end Danish consumer electronics company that designs and manufactures audio products, television sets, and telephones. It was founded in 1925 by and Svend Olufsen, who designed a radio to work with alternating current, a product of significance at a time when most radios were still running on batteries. In 2004, the company opened a factory in the Czech Republic where it employed approximately 250 staff producing mainly audio products.

neg: UXUS UXUS (You Times Us) is a global strategic design consultancy, specialized in retail and hospitality design, architecture and futures research. In 2013, UXUS became part of FutureBrand), a subsidiary of Interpublic Group of Companies, one of the big four advertising holding companies (the others being Omnicom, WPP and Publicis).

neg: AU Engineering AU Engineering (Danish: Institut for Ingeniørvidenskab) is an umbrella organisation of engineering under Aarhus University. It was established in 2011 and currently comprise three engineering organisations; Department of Engineering (ENG), Aarhus University School of Engineering (ASE) and a collection of engineering programmes at Department of Business Development and Technology (BTECH) in the city of Herning.

neg: Shape ApS SHAPE is a Danish mobile design and development agency based in Copenhagen and founded in 2010 by current partners CEO Christian Risom, Creative Director Nicolas Thomsen, and the two Senior Developers Ole Gammelgaard and Philip Bruce. SHAPE focus on developing applications for mobile phones and handheld devices.

neg: OrbusNeich OrbusNeich is a global company that designs, develops, manufactures and markets medical devices for the treatment of vascular diseases.

neg: Shippo (company) Shippo is an American software company that helps e-commerce businesses, online marketplaces, and platforms integrate shipping with multiple carriers through their API and web application. Shippo allowing users to compare shipping rates, create labels, generate international customs documents, return labels, and track parcels. Some of their customers and partners include eBay, Freestyle Solutions, Tuft & Needle, Weebly, GoDaddy, Shyp, Mercari, Stripe, Sellbrite, and Snapfulfil. As of September 2016, Shippo has raised $9 million in funding led by Union Square Ventures and SoftTechVC.

neg: Cooper Industries Cooper Industries was an independent American worldwide electrical products manufacturer with 2011 revenues of $5.4 billion. Founded in 1833, the company has seven operating divisions including Bussmann electrical and electronic fuses; Crouse-Hinds and CEAG explosion-proof electrical equipment; Halo and Metalux lighting fixtures; and Kyle and McGraw-Edison power systems products. With this broad range of products, Cooper is positioned for several long-term growth trends including the global infrastructure build-out, the need to improve the reliability and productivity of the electric grid, the demand for higher energy-efficient products and the need for improved electrical safety. In 2011 fifty-nine percent of total sales were to customers in the industrial and utility end-markets and forty percent of total sales were to customers outside the United States. Cooper has manufacturing facilities in 23 countries as of 2011.

neg: Uterqüe Uterqüe is a company owned by the Spanish Inditex group dedicated to manufacturing fashion accessories and garments such as scarves and sunglasses. It was formed in 2008. The offices are located in Tordera, Catalonia, (Spain) different from the other brands of the group which operate from Arteixo, Galicia, (Spain) with the exception of Massimo Dutti which also has its headquarters in Tordera and Stradivarius which has kept its headquarters in Barcelona where it had been founded before being bought by Inditex in 1999.

neg: IPtronics IPtronics was a fabless semiconductor company headquartered in Copenhagen, Denmark. Its products include integrated circuits for parallel optical interconnect applications intended for the computer, storage and communication industries. IPtronics' design center is certified by STMicroelectronics, which is also their semiconductor foundry partner. In June 2013, IPtronics was acquired by Mellanox Technologies.

neg: Stokke AS Stokke AS is a Norwegian manufacturer of children's furniture and accessories, known for producing the Tripp Trapp adjustable high chair, the best-selling item of furniture in Norway.

neg: Juno Ju-X Juno Ju-X is a product design engineer for music and sound creation and also a brand name for his solo work.

neg: NeueHouse NeueHouse is an American-based company that specializes in collaborative workspace. It operates internationally and provides shared workspace and services for entrepreneurs, freelancers, startups and small businesses. Founded and debuted in New York in late 2011, with additional spaces in Los Angeles and London.

neg: NCP engineering NCP engineering is Nuremberg-based company produces software for remote access, Industrial Internet of Thing security and information security. NCP's products use Virtual Private Network (VPN) and other technologies like encryption, personal firewalls and electronic certificates in a Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) to secure data communication.

neg: Harri Johannesdahl Harri Johannesdahl (born August 22, 1961) is a Finnish businessman and entrepreneur, who currently serves as the CEO for Coolbrook Ltd., an engineering company developing petrochemical technology. Coolbrook Ltd announced in February 2017, that the company would receive EUR 3.6 million from Tekes, a Finnish funding agency for innovation, for the development of plastic technology innovations using the ethene cracking method.

neg: Tunturi Tunturi is a Finnish manufacturer of bicycles and fitness equipment.

neg: Product Sans Product Sans is a geometric sans-serif typeface created by Google for branding purposes. It replaced the old Google logo on September 1, 2015. As Google's branding was becoming more apparent on a multitude of devices, Google sought to adapt its design so that its logo could be portrayed in constrained spaces and remain consistent for its users across platforms.

neg: SVP Worldwide SVP Worldwide is a private company that designs, manufactures, and distributes consumer sewing machines and accessories around the world under 3 brands: Singer, Husqvarna Viking, and Pfaff. SVP was the result of an acquisition of the Swedish VSM Group, which included the Husqvarna Viking and Pfaff brands, by American private equity firm Kohlberg & Company LLC, which owned the Singer brand. Management of SVP Worldwide is divided between the United States and Sweden. The company was founded in 2006 and is headquartered in Hamilton, Bermuda.

neg: Joules (clothing) Joules is a British clothing company that sells clothing and homewear products inspired by British country lifestyles. Its founder Tom Joule described its business model in 2011 as creating clothing with "colour and fun and entertainment".

neg: Marimekko Marimekko is a Finnish home furnishings, textiles, and fashion company based in Helsinki. It made important contributions to fashion in the 1960s. It is particularly noted for its brightly colored printed fabrics and simple styles, used both in women's garments and in home furnishings.

neg: Infitec Infitec GmbH is a family-owned company based in Gerstetten (District of Heidenheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany) that develops, produces and markets products for the projection of 3D content. The registered name INFITEC is an acronym of Interference Filter Technology, which was invented and patented by the founder of the company, Helmut Jorke.

neg: Jolla Jolla Oy (sometimes referred to as Jolla Ltd.) is a Finnish technology company; a vendor of mobile devices and the developer of Sailfish OS. Headquartered in Helsinki, Finland, Jolla has its own research and development offices in Helsinki, Tampere and Cyberport, Hong Kong. Jolla was founded in 2011 by former Nokia staff of the MeeGo project team to use the MeeGo opportunities and its ""endless possibilities"".


query: Which writer, Sean S. Cunningham or Abigail Child, has completed more than thirty film and video works and installations, and six books?

pos: Sean S. Cunningham Sean Sexton Cunningham (born December 1, 1941) is an American film director, producer, and writer.

pos: Abigail Child Abigail Child is a filmmaker, poet, and writer who has been active in experimental writing and media since the 1970s. She has completed more than thirty film and video works and installations, and six books. An acknowledged pioneer in montage, Child’s early film work addressed the interplay between sound and image through reshaping narrative tropes, prefiguring many concerns of contemporary film and media.

neg: Steve Almond Steve Almond (born October 27, 1966) is an American short-story writer, essayist and author of ten books, three of which are self-published.

neg: Jessica Ciocci Jessica Ciocci is an American artist working in a range of mediums including animation and video, Twitter, crafting, digital online projects, comics, mixtapes, performance, painting, drawing and sculpture.

neg: Tara Haelle Tara Susan Haelle, known professionally as Tara Haelle, (born January 20, 1978) is an American photojournalist, educator, author, and science writer. Haelle, along with co-author Emily Willingham have recently published "The Informed Parent: a science-based resource for your child's first four years," which examines several child raising controversies. Haelle has also published two children's educational books, "Edible sunlight", and "Seasons, Tides, and Lunar Phases".

neg: Carolynne Cunningham Carolynne Cunningham is an Australian film producer and assistant director most known for her collaborations with director Peter Jackson, producing such films as "King Kong" (2005), "District 9" (2009), "The Lovely Bones" (2009), and the epic fantasy film series "The Hobbit" (2012–2014). She also served as assistant director on such notable films as "Shine" (1996), "Pitch Black" (2000), "Peter Pan" (2003), "King Kong", "The Lovely Bones", and all three entries in "The Lord of the Rings" trilogy (2001, 2002, and 2003).

neg: Tere Tereba Tere Tereba (born in Warren, Ohio) is an American fashion designer, writer, and actress. She is well known as one of the pioneers of women's "contemporary" clothing design and for playing "Ingrid Joyner" in "Andy Warhol's Bad" (1977). She is also the author of "Mickey Cohen: The Life and Crimes of L.A.'s Notorious Mobster," published in 2012, which has been released in hardcover, trade paperback, e-book and audio editions. The book has also been translated into French, Italian and Chinese.

neg: Everything I Never Told You Everything I Never Told You is a 2014 debut novel by Celeste Ng. It topped Amazon's Best Books of the Year list for 2014. The novel is about a mixed-race Chinese-American family whose middle daughter Lydia is found drowned in a lake. Ng spent six years writing the novel, going through four different full drafts.

neg: Marie-Louise Fitzpatrick Marie-Louise Fitzpatrick (born 2 March 1962) is an Irish writer and illustrator best known for children's novels. She has won 10 CBI Book of the Year Awards (formerly Bisto Awards), including 4 awards for Book of the Year.

neg: Christopher Reel Christopher Reel (born Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) is an American writer of novels, short stories, and social commentary. He is the author of the literary novel "Happy Face" and short story collection "Remember Legend". He also writes social commentary via The Babbler. In 2015, he was selected to be a participant in the 31st Celebrations of Black Writing, held in Philadelphia.

neg: The Child in Time The Child in Time (1987) is a novel by Ian McEwan. It won the Whitbread Novel Award for that year. The story concerns Stephen, an author of children's books, and his wife, two years after the kidnapping of their three-year-old daughter Kate. Author Christopher Hitchens viewed the novel as McEwan's masterpiece.

neg: Andrew Sean Greer Andrew Sean Greer (born November 1970) is an American novelist and short story writer.

neg: Alexandra Cunningham Alexandra Cunningham (born 1972/1973) is an American playwright, screenwriter, and television producer.

neg: Michael Cunningham Michael Cunningham (born November 6, 1952) is a U.S. novelist and screenwriter. He is best known for his 1998 novel "The Hours", which won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction and the PEN/Faulkner Award in 1999. Cunningham is a senior lecturer of creative writing at Yale University.

neg: A Good and Happy Child A Good and Happy Child is a 2007 horror thriller novel by author Justin Evans and is his debut novel. The book was published on May 22, 2007 by Crown and concerns a new father's growing horror over his own childhood memories and possible brush with the supernatural. Film rights for "A Good and Happy Child" were to Paramount Pictures in 2012.

neg: Seán Cunningham Seán Cunningham, Irish cooperative activist and Republican, 1918–1997.

neg: The Whore's Child and Other Stories The Whore's Child and Other Stories is a collection of seven short stories by American author Richard Russo published in 2002 by Alfred A. Knopf. It was published after Russo received the Pulitzer Prize for "Empire Falls" hence gained considerable attention and many, mostly favorable reviews.

neg: Philippa Fisher and the Dream-Maker's Daughter Philippa Fisher and the Dream Maker's Daughter is a children's fantasy novel written by Liz Kessler, author of the Emily Windsnap series, and illustrated by Katie May. It is the second book in the Philippa Fisher series, the first sequel to "Philippa Fisher's Fairy Godsister" (2008). It was published May 2009 in the U.K. by Orion Books. Candlewick Press published a U.S. edition later that year.

neg: Abigail MacBride Allen Abigail MacBride Allen (born 1970) is the heir of the literary rights to the "Little House" books by Laura Ingalls Wilder and is the daughter of Roger Lea MacBride, the 1976 Libertarian candidate for President of the U.S.

neg: Sean Murphy (artist) Sean Patrick Murphy is an American animator and comic book creator known for work on books such as "Batman/Scarecrow: Year One", "Teen Titans", "Hellblazer: City of Demons", "Shaun of the Dead", "Joe the Barbarian", "American Vampire: Survival of the Fittest", "Punk Rock Jesus", "The Wake" and "Tokyo Ghost".

neg: Jenna McCarthy Jenna McCarthy is an American author who has written the books "Pretty Much Screwed"; "I've Still Got It... I Just Can't Remember Where I Put It: Awkwardly True Tales from the Far Side of Forty"; "If It Was Easy They'd Call the Whole Damn Thing a Honeymoon: Living With and Loving the TV-Addicted, Sex-Obsessed, Not-So-Handy Man You Married"; "The Parent Trip: From High Heels and Parties to Highchairs and Potties"; "Cheers to the New Mom"; "Cheers to the New Dad"; "Big Rigs for Moms"; and "Tea Parties for Dads". Her TED Talk "What You Don't Know About Marriage" got over 3 million views on YouTube.

neg: Natalie Babbitt Natalie Zane Babbitt (née Moore; July 28, 1932 – October 31, 2016) was an American writer and illustrator of children's books. Her acclaimed 1975 novel "Tuck Everlasting" has been adapted into two feature films and a Broadway musical. She received the Newbery Honor and Christopher Award, and was the U.S. nominee for the biennial international Hans Christian Andersen Award in 1982.


query: Which island where the Japanese Navy attacked and occupied United States territory during World War II became uninhabited in 2010?

pos: Japanese Occupation Site, Kiska Island The Japanese Occupation Site on Kiska island (along with Attu Island) in the Rat Islands group of the Aleutian Islands of Alaska is where the Japanese Navy attacked and occupied United States territory during World War II. The Japanese built defenses and other infrastructure on the island before abandoning it in 1943 after losing the Battle of Attu. American and Canadian forces reoccupied the abandoned island, and departed the island in 1946. Now a part of the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge, the central portion of the island, where these military activities were concentrated, was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1985.

pos: Attu Island Attu (Aleut: "Atan" ) is the westernmost and largest island in the Near Islands group of the Aleutian Islands of Alaska, and the westernmost point of land relative to Alaska, the United States, North America and the Americas. The island became uninhabited in 2010.

neg: Admiralty Island Admiralty Island is an island in the Alexander Archipelago in Southeast Alaska, at . It is 145 km (90 mi) long and 56 km (35 mi) wide with an area of 4,264.1 km (1,646.4 sq mi), making it the seventh largest island in the United States and the 132nd largest island in the world. It is one of the ABC islands of Alaska. The island is nearly cut in two by the Seymour Canal; to its east is the long, narrow Glass Peninsula. Most of Admiralty Island—more than 955,000 acres (3,860 km)—is occupied by the Admiralty Island National Monument - a federally protected wilderness area administered by the Tongass National Forest. The Kootznoowoo Wilderness encompasses vast stands of old growth temperate rainforest. These forests provide some of the best habitat available to species such as brown bears, bald eagles, and Sitka black-tailed deer.

neg: Navy Occupation Service Medal The Navy Occupation Service Medal is a military award of the United States Navy which was "Awarded to commemorate the services of Navy, Marine Corps and Coast Guard personnel in the occupation of certain territories of the enemies of the U.S. during World War II" and recognized those personnel who participated in the European and Asian occupation forces during, and following World War II. The medal was also bestowed to personnel who performed duty in West Berlin between 1945 and 1990.

neg: Unai Obyan Latte Site The Unai Obyan Latte Site is a prehistoric archaeological site on the island of Saipan in the Northern Mariana Islands. Located near Obyan Beach on the south coast of the island, it is the site of what was once a fairly extensive village, which was significantly disturbed by Japanese defensive preparations during World War II. The site includes the fragmentary remains of a single latte stone house site and a wide scattering of surface-level remains. Excavation of the latte house site in the 1940s by the pioneering architect Alexander Spoehr yielded evidence of a length period of occupation. The village at Obyan was documented in early Spanish accounts of the island, and was probably abandoned when the Spanish forcibly relocated the entire island population to Guam in 1698.

neg: Battle of Vella Lavella (land) The Battle of Vella Lavella was fought from 15 August – 6 October 1943 between Japan and the Allied forces from New Zealand and the United States. Vella Lavella, an island located in the Solomon Islands, had been occupied by Japanese forces early during the war in the Pacific. Following the fighting around Munda Point, the Allies recaptured the island in late 1943, following a decision to bypass a large concentration of Japanese troops of Kolombangara.

neg: USS Anzio (CVE-57) USS "Anzio" (CVE-57), was a "Casablanca"-class escort carrier of the United States Navy that saw service during the World War II in the Pacific War. Originally classified as an auxiliary aircraft carrier ACV-57, the vessel was laid down in 1942 in Vancouver, Washington by the Kaiser Shipbuilding Company. The vessel was initially named Alikula Bay, but was renamed Coral Sea and redesignated CVE-57 in 1943. "Coral Sea" took part in naval operations supporting attacks on the Gilbert and Marshall Islands, New Guinea and the Marianas Islands. In September 1944, the vessel was renamed "Anzio". As "Anzio", the escort carrier took part in assaults on the Bonin Islands and Okinawa. Following the cessation of hostilities in 1945, "Anzio" was among the escort carriers used in Operation Magic Carpet returning U.S. soldiers to the United States. Following this service, "Anzio" was laid up in reserve at Norfolk, Virginia in 1946. The escort carrier was redesignated CVHE-57 on 15 June 1955 before being sold for scrap in 1959.

neg: USS Arizona Memorial The USS "Arizona" Memorial, at Pearl Harbor in Honolulu, Hawaii, marks the resting place of 1,102 of the 1,177 sailors and Marines killed on  during the Japanese surprise attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941 and commemorates the events of that day. The attack on Pearl Harbor and the island of Oʻ ahu led to the United States' direct involvement in World War II.

neg: Raids on Deboyne (1942) A series of raids on Deboyne were conducted by Allied forces against the Imperial Japanese Navy seaplane base in the Deboyne Islands of the Louisiade Archipelago between 9–11 May 1942. The seaplane base had been set up prior to the Battle of Coral Sea and became untenable and was abandoned by the Japanese, due to proximity to Allied airfields at Port Moresby and the failure of "Mo Sakusen" (Operation "Mo").

neg: Ushishir Ushishir (Russian: Ушишир ; Japanese: 宇志知島; Ushishiru-tō; Ainu: ウシシㇼ) is an uninhabited volcanic island located in the centre of the Kuril Islands chain in the Sea of Okhotsk in the northwest Pacific Ocean. Its name is derived from the Ainu language for "hot spring".

neg: Yellow Island Yellow Island, one of the San Juan Islands, is an 11 acre island, located south-west of Orcas Island, and north of Shaw Island, near Jones Island State Park, in San Juan County, Washington, United States. The island is home to a wide array of flora and fauna, including over 50 species of wildflowers, bald eagles, harbor seals, black oystercatchers, and harlequin ducks. The island was purchased in 1979 by The Nature Conservancy, and is administered as a nature preserve.

neg: Guam Guam ( ; Chamorro: "Guåhån " ] ) is an unincorporated and organized territory of the United States situated in Micronesia in the western Pacific Ocean. The capital city of Guam is Hagåtña and the most populous city is Dededo. The inhabitants of Guam are called Guamanians, and they are American citizens by birth. Indigenous Guamanians are the Chamorros, who are related to other Austronesian natives to the west in the Philippines and Taiwan.

neg: Montague Island (Alaska) Montague Island is an island in the Gulf of Alaska lying at the entrance to Prince William Sound in the state of Alaska, United States. The island has a land area of 790.88 km² (305.36 sq mi), making it the 26th largest island in the United States. As of the 2000 census, Montague did not have a permanent resident population, making it at that time the largest uninhabited island in the United States. Since then, the 2010 abandonment of the Coast Guard station on Attu Island in the Aleutian Islands, which at 344.7 square miles is larger than Montague Island, causes Attu to claim that title. Montague Island is well known among sport fishing out of the Seward port as it is referred to as 'The Land of the Giants'. In 2007 it produced a 350 lb halibut and many boats full of fish over 100 lbs. Montague Island was named by Captain James Cook in honor of John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich, one of his greatest supporters.

neg: Guantanamo Bay Naval Base Guantanamo Bay Naval Base (Spanish: "Base Naval de la Bahía de Guantánamo" ), officially known as Naval Station Guantanamo Bay or NSGB, (also called GTMO because of the airfield designation code or Gitmo because of the common pronunciation of this code by the U.S. military) is a United States military base located on 45 sqmi of land and water at Guantánamo Bay, Cuba, which the U.S. leased for use as a coaling and naval station in 1903 for $2,000 in gold per year until 1934, when the payment was set to match the value in gold in dollars; in 1974, the yearly lease was set to $4,085. The base is on the shore of Guantánamo Bay at the southeastern end of Cuba. It is the oldest overseas U.S. Naval Base. Since the Cuban Revolution of 1959, the Cuban government has consistently protested against the U.S. presence on Cuban soil and called it illegal under international law, alleging that the base was imposed on Cuba by force. At the United Nations Human Rights Council in 2013, Cuba's Foreign Minister demanded the U.S. return the base and the "usurped territory", which the Cuban government considers to be occupied since the U.S. invasion of Cuba during the Spanish–American War in 1898.

neg: Battle of Rabaul (1942) The Battle of Rabaul, also known by the Japanese as Operation R, was fought on the island of New Britain in the Australian Territory of New Guinea, in January and February 1942. It was a strategically significant defeat of Allied forces by Japan in the Pacific campaign of World War II, with the Japanese invasion force quickly overwhelming the small Australian garrison, the majority of which was either killed or captured. Hostilities on the neighbouring island of New Ireland are also usually considered to be part of the same battle. Rabaul was important because of its proximity to the Japanese territory of the Caroline Islands, site of a major Imperial Japanese Navy base on Truk.

neg: Falklands Expedition The Falklands Expedition occurred in late 1831 when the United States Navy warship USS "Lexington" was dispatched to investigate the plunder of two whalers at the small Argentine colony of Puerto Soledad. American forces discovered that the settlers were suffering from famine so they were evacuated in the "Lexington" to the mainland. The Argentine colony was then abandoned which left the islands unsettled and open for British acquisition. Historically, the Argentine government has disputed the rights to the islands with the United Kingdom and it culminated in the Falklands War of 1982.

neg: McNeil Island McNeil Island is an island in western Puget Sound, located just west of Steilacoom, Washington, with a land area of 17.177 km² (6.6319 sq mi). It lies just north of Anderson Island. Fox Island is to the north, across Carr Inlet. To the west McNeil Island is separated from Key Peninsula by Pitt Passage. The Washington mainland lies to the east, across the south basin of Puget Sound. The island has been owned by the government for most of its history and has been home to the United States Federal Penitentiary from 1875 until turned over to Washington State Department of Corrections in 1981 and was renamed as the "McNeil Island Corrections Center" until 2011, when it was closed. Prior to its closing on April 1, 2011, it was the last remaining island prison in the country to be accessible only by air and sea.

neg: Henderson Field (Midway) Henderson Field (originally known as Naval Air Station Midway Islands) on East Midway Island is a former World War II airfield in the Central Pacific. The airfield was abandoned after the war.

neg: USS Hornet (CV-8) USS "Hornet" (CV-8), the seventh ship to carry the name "Hornet", was a "Yorktown"-class aircraft carrier of the United States Navy. During World War II in the Pacific Theater, she launched the Doolittle Raid on Tokyo and participated in the Battle of Midway and the Buin-Faisi-Tonolai Raid. In the Solomon Islands campaign she was involved in the capture and defense of Guadalcanal and the Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands where she was irreparably damaged by enemy torpedo and dive bombers. Faced with an approaching Japanese surface force, "Hornet" was abandoned and later torpedoed and sunk by approaching Japanese destroyers. "Hornet" was in service for a year and six days and was the last US fleet carrier ever sunk by enemy fire. For these actions, she was awarded four service stars, a citation for the Doolittle Raid in 1995, and her Torpedo Squadron 8 received a Presidential Unit Citation for extraordinary heroism for the Battle of Midway.

neg: Operation Tan No. 2 Operation Tan No. 2 (Japanese: 第二次丹作戰 , "Dainiji Tan Sakusen") was a long-range Kamikaze mission directed at the main Allied naval fleet anchorage at Ulithi atoll in the western Pacific on March 11, 1945 during the Pacific campaign of World War II. The Japanese hoped to take the U.S. Pacific fleet by surprise and sink or damage a significant number of the fleet's aircraft carriers or other large ships.

neg: Japanese destroyer Asanagi The Japanese destroyer "Asanagi" (朝凪 , "Morning Calm" ) was one of nine "Kamikaze"-class destroyers built for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) during the 1920s. During the Pacific War, she participated in the occupation of the Gilbert Islands and the Battle of Wake Island in December 1941 and then the occupations of New Guinea and the Solomon Islands in early 1942.

neg: Operation Flintlock (World War II) Operation Flintlock was the campaign against the Japanese in the Marshall Islands in the Pacific theatre of World War II, from 31 January to 4 February 1944. The operation involved the invasions of Kwajalein, Eniwetok, and Majuro atolls. Admiral Nimitz, Commander of the U. S. Pacific Fleet, chose two islands in Kwajalein Atoll, Roi-Namur Island and Kwajalein Island, as primary targets in the U. S. invasion of the Marshall Islands.  Kwajalein Atoll contained communication and weather observation units and two Japanese airstrips on Roi-Namur and Kwajalein Islands, a seaplane base situated at Ebeye Island, a submarine base at Roi-Namur Island, and other Japanese installations scattered on various islands throughout Kwajalein atoll.  Kwajalein atoll, particularly Roi-Namur and Kwajalein Islands, were subjected to heavy bombardment. This attack also sank a large number of Japanese ships in Kwajalein Lagoon. Bitter fighting between Japanese forces and the U. S. 4th Marine Division on Roi-Namur, and the U. S. 7th Infantry Division on Kwajalein, resulted in a U. S. victory on 4 February 1944. The attack of the Japanese in the Marshall Islands was the first US attack, and capture, of Japanese territory, since the land was held by Japan before the start of World War II. The capture of Kwajalein Atoll during Operation Flintlock provided American forces with a base of operations that assured the recapture of the Philippines and eventually the fall of Japan.


query: The equivalence between lost mechanical energy and increases in temperature was discovered by an English physicist, mathematician and brewer, born where?

pos: Mechanical energy In the physical sciences, mechanical energy is the sum of potential energy and kinetic energy. It is the energy associated with the motion and position of an object. The principle of conservation of mechanical energy states that in an isolated system that is only subject to conservative forces the mechanical energy is constant. If an object is moved in the opposite direction of a conservative net force, the potential energy will increase and if the speed (not the velocity) of the object is changed, the kinetic energy of the object is changed as well. In all real systems, however, nonconservative forces, like frictional forces, will be present, but often they are of negligible values and the mechanical energy's being constant can therefore be a useful approximation. In elastic collisions, the mechanical energy is conserved but in inelastic collisions, some mechanical energy is converted into heat. The equivalence between lost mechanical energy (dissipation) and an increase in temperature was discovered by James Prescott Joule.

pos: James Prescott Joule James Prescott Joule FRS HFRSE DCL LLD ( ; (24 December 1818 11 October 1889) was an English physicist, mathematician and brewer, born in Salford, Lancashire. Joule studied the nature of heat, and discovered its relationship to mechanical work (see energy). This led to the law of conservation of energy, which led to the development of the first law of thermodynamics.

neg: Cavendish Professor of Physics The Cavendish Professorship is one of the senior faculty positions in physics at the University of Cambridge. It was founded on 9 February 1871 alongside the famous Cavendish Laboratory, which was completed three years later. William Cavendish, 7th Duke of Devonshire endowed both the professorship and laboratory in honor of his relative, chemist and physicist Henry Cavendish.

neg: Gustav Zeuner Gustav Anton Zeuner (30 November 1828 – 17 October 1907) was a German physicist, engineer and epistemologist, considered the founder of technical thermodynamics and of the Dresden School of Thermodynamics.

neg: John Lennard-Jones Sir John Edward Lennard-Jones KBE, FRS (27 October 1894 – 1 November 1954) was a British mathematician who was a professor of theoretical physics at University of Bristol, and then of theoretical science at the University of Cambridge. He may be regarded as the initiator of modern computational chemistry.

neg: Richard Mollier Richard Mollier (] ; 30 November 1863, Triest – 13 March 1935, Dresden) was a German professor of Applied Physics and Mechanics in Göttingen and Dresden, a pioneer of experimental research in thermodynamics, particularly for water, steam, and moist air.

neg: Entropy in thermodynamics and information theory There are close parallels between the mathematical expressions for the thermodynamic entropy, usually denoted by "S", of a physical system in the statistical thermodynamics established by Ludwig Boltzmann and J. Willard Gibbs in the 1870s, and the information-theoretic entropy, usually expressed as "H", of Claude Shannon and Ralph Hartley developed in the 1940s. Shannon, although not initially aware of this similarity, commented on it upon publicizing information theory in "A Mathematical Theory of Communication".

neg: Peter Higgs Peter Ware Higgs (born 29 May 1929) is a British theoretical physicist, emeritus professor at the University of Edinburgh, and Nobel Prize laureate for his work on the mass of subatomic particles.

neg: William Lax William Lax {'1': ", '2': ", '3': 'FRS', '4': "} (1761 – 29 October 1836) was an English astronomer and mathematician who served as Lowndean Professor of Astronomy and Geometry at the University of Cambridge for 41 years.

neg: Charles Frewen Jenkin Charles Frewen Jenkin, CBE, FRS (24 September 186523 August 1940) was a British engineer and academic. He held the first chair of engineering at the University of Oxford as Professor of Engineering Science.

neg: Carl Friedrich Gauss Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss ( ; German: "Gauß" , ] ; Latin: "Carolus Fridericus Gauss" ) (30 April 177723 February 1855) was a German mathematician who contributed significantly to many fields, including number theory, algebra, statistics, analysis, differential geometry, geodesy, geophysics, mechanics, electrostatics, magnetic fields, astronomy, matrix theory, and optics.

neg: Charles Algernon Parsons Sir Charles Algernon Parsons, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (13 June 1854 – 11 February 1931), the son of a member of the Irish peerage, was an Anglo-Irish engineer, best known for his invention of the compound steam turbine. He worked as an engineer on dynamo and turbine design, and power generation, with great influence on the naval and electrical engineering fields. He also developed optical equipment, for searchlights and telescopes.

neg: John D. Barrow John David Barrow FRS (born 29 November 1952) is an English cosmologist, theoretical physicist, and mathematician. He is currently Research Professor of Mathematical Sciences at the University of Cambridge. Barrow is also a writer of popular science and an amateur playwright.

neg: William A. Tilden Sir William Augustus Tilden (15 August 1842 – 11 December 1926) was a British chemist. He discovered that isoprene could be made from turpentine. He was unable to turn this discovery into a way to make commercially viable synthetic rubber.

neg: Charles Darwin Charles Robert Darwin, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} ( ; 12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution. He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors and, in a joint publication with Alfred Russel Wallace, introduced his scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the artificial selection involved in selective breeding.

neg: John Clayton Taylor John Clayton Taylor {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (born 4 August 1930) is a British mathematical physicist. He is an Emeritus Professor of Mathematical Physics at the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of the University of Cambridge and an Emeritus Fellow of Robinson College.

neg: J. B. S. Haldane John Burdon Sanderson Haldane ( ; 5 November 1892 – 1 December 1964) was a British-born scientist known for his work in the study of physiology, genetics, evolutionary biology, and in mathematics, where he made innovative contributions to the fields of statistics and biostatistics. He was the son of the equally famous John Scott Haldane and was a professed socialist, Marxist, atheist, and humanist whose political dissent led him to leave England in 1956 and live in India, becoming a naturalised Indian citizen in 1961.

neg: Harold Neville Vazeille Temperley Professor Harold Neville Vazeille Temperley (4 March 1915 – 27 March 2017), better known as Neville Temperley, was an applied mathematician who made numerous contributions to the fields of statistical mechanics, graph theory and the physics of liquids and gases. He was awarded the title Doctor of Science as a fellow of King's College Cambridge, before working for the Admiralty on numerical modelling of underwater explosions during World War 2. He continued his work on the physical properties of liquids at the Atomic Weapons Research Establishment at Aldermaston until 1965.

neg: Rankine scale The Rankine scale ( ) is an absolute scale of thermodynamic temperature named after the Glasgow University engineer and physicist William John Macquorn Rankine, who proposed it in 1859. (The Kelvin scale was first proposed in 1848.) It may be used in engineering systems where heat computations are done using degrees Fahrenheit.

neg: Charles Sylvester Charles Sylvester (1774–1828) was a chemist and inventor born in Sheffield, in the Kingdom of Great Britain. He worked on galvanization, public building heating and sanitation, and railroad friction amongst other things. A book, "Industrial Man: The Life and Works of Charles Sylvester" by Ian Inkster, Ph.D., of Nottingham University, and Maureen S. Bryson, B.S., published in 1999 is a comprehensive work covering his life, his extended family and pedigree, and his published works; including "Poems on Various Subjects", 1797; "The Epitome of Galvanism", 1804; "Appendix of the Elementary Treatise on Chemistry", 1809; "Philosophy of Domestic Economy", 1819; "On a Method of expressing Chemical Compounds by Algebraic Characters", 1821; "On the Motions produced by the Difference in the Specific Gravity of Bodies", 1822; "Report on Rail-roads and Locomotive Engines", 1825; and "On the best method of Warming and Ventilating Houses and other Buildings", 1829.

neg: Henry Kater Henry Kater (16 April 1777 – 26 April 1835) was an English physicist of German descent.

neg: Joseph Black Joseph Black FRSE FRCPE FPSG (16 April 1728 – 6 December 1799) was a Scottish physician and chemist, known for his discoveries of magnesium, latent heat, specific heat, and carbon dioxide. He was Professor of Anatomy and Chemistry at the University of Glasgow for 10 years from 1756, and then Professor of Medicine and Chemistry at the University of Edinburgh from 1766, teaching and lecturing there for more than 30 years.


query: Which Chinese professional tennis play lost in the first round of the 2013 ASB Classic to Jamie Hampton?

pos: 2013 ASB Classic – Singles Zheng Jie was the defending champion, but she lost in the first round to Jamie Hampton.

pos: Zheng Jie Zheng Jie (born 5 July 1983) is a Chinese professional tennis player. Her career-high singles ranking is World No. 15 which she achieved on 18 May 2009.

neg: Jamie Loeb Jamie Loeb (born 8 March 1995 in Bronxville, New York is an American tennis player.

neg: 2013 Dunlop World Challenge The 2013 Dunlop World Challenge was a professional tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts. It was the sixth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2013 ITF Women's Circuit and the 2013 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Toyota, Aichi, Japan, on 18–24 November 2013.

neg: 2015 Ningbo Challenger The 2015 Ningbo Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on hard court<nowiki>s</nowiki>. It was the third edition of the tournament (for men) and part of the 2015 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Ningbo, China.

neg: 2014 China Open – Women's Singles Serena Williams was the defending champion, but withdrew before her quarterfinal match with a knee injury.

neg: 2013 Wuxi Classic The 2013 Sports Lottery Cup Wuxi Classic was a professional ranking snooker tournament held between 17–23 June 2013 at the Wuxi City Sports Park Stadium in Wuxi, China. It was the first ranking event of the 2013/2014 season.

neg: 2013 Samsung Securities Cup The 2013 Samsung Securities Cup was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the 14th edition of the men's tournament which was part of the 2013 ATP Challenger Tour and the third edition of the women's event, which was part of the 2013 ITF Women's Circuit. It took place in Seoul, South Korea, on 28 October–3 November 2013.

neg: 2016 Chengdu Challenger The 2016 Chengdu Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the 1st edition of the tournament which was part of the 2016 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Chengdu, China between 1 and 7 August 2016.

neg: Feng Yijun Feng Yijun (born February 12, 1997) is an American table tennis player. He competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in the men's singles event, in which he was eliminated in the first round by He Zhiwen. Yijun plays at an elementary level table tennis skill as evaluated by He Zhi Wen of People's Republic of China. He attends the University of Georgia from 2016-2017 and recently transferred to New York University, and as part of the American team in the men's team event.

neg: 2011 ATP Challenger Guangzhou The 2011 ATP Challenger Guangzhou was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the second edition of the tournament which was part of the 2011 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Guangzhou, China between 14 and 20 March 2011.

neg: Yu Cheng-yu Yu Cheng-yu (born 2 April 1995) is a Taiwanese tennis player.

neg: 2012 OEC Kaohsiung The 2012 OEC Kaohsiung was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the first edition of the tournament which was part of the 2012 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Kaohsiung, Taiwan between 23 and 29 April 2012.

neg: Sun Ziyue Sun Ziyue (; born 6 July 1996 in Nanjing) is a Chinese tennis player.

neg: 2013 Shanghai Rolex Masters The 2013 Shanghai Rolex Masters was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the fifth edition of the Shanghai ATP Masters 1000, classified as an ATP World Tour Masters 1000 event on the 2013 ATP World Tour. It took place at Qizhong Forest Sports City Arena in Shanghai, China from October 6 to October 13, 2013.

neg: David Zhuang David Zhuang (Chinese: 莊永祥, Pinyin: Zhuāng Yǒngxiáng, born September 1, 1963) is a professional Chinese-born American table tennis player.

neg: Hsieh Su-wei Hsieh Su-wei (born January 4, 1986) is a professional female tennis player from Taiwan. s of 25 2013 she was ranked No. 23 in the WTA Tour singles rankings and is the highest-ranked Taiwanese women's singles player ever. Currently she is the top-ranked WTA player from Taiwan in both singles and doubles.

neg: Chan Chin-wei Chan Chin-wei (, born January 8, 1985) is a professional female tennis player from Taiwan.

neg: 2003 China Open (tennis) The 2003 China Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Beijing Tennis Center in Beijing, People's Republic of China. It was the 5th edition of the China Open, and was a Tier II tournament on the 2003 WTA Tour. The tournament was played between 15 – 21 September 2003.

neg: 2013 Roger Federer tennis season The 2013 Roger Federer tennis season officially began on 14 January at the start of the 2013 Australian Open. This season saw Federer suffer a considerable decline in form, dropping five places to number 7 in the world, his lowest ranking in 11 years, and seeing his run of 36 consecutive grand slam quarterfinals ended by a second round defeat at Wimbledon. This year also marked the first time since 2002 where Federer did not reach a major final. His only title win of the season was a victory at the Gerry Weber Open in Halle, an ATP 250 event.

neg: 2015 Hong Kong Tennis Open The 2015 Hong Kong Tennis Open (also known as the Prudential Hong Kong Tennis Open for sponsorship reasons) was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the sixth edition of the tournament, and part of the 2015 WTA Tour. It took place in Victoria Park, Hong Kong, from October 12 to 18.

neg: Venise Chan Venise Chan () is a Hong Kong Former No. 1 Chinese tennis player. At age 12 yrs 318 days, became the youngest female since Paulette Moreno in 1977 to contest a Ladies' Open singles final in Hong Kong when she reached the title decider at the 2002 Hong Kong National Tennis Championships. She made her debut for the Hong Kong Fed Cup team in 2006, and has a 14-5 record as of February 2013. She won her sixth career pro circuit title at the US$10,000 Sharm El Sheikh F4 in Egypt(Jun 2012).


query: The Fault in Our Stars by Josh Boone starred this American actress and activist born in what year

pos: The Fault in Our Stars (film) The Fault in Our Stars is a 2014 American romantic drama film directed by Josh Boone, based on the novel of the same name by John Green. The film stars Shailene Woodley, Ansel Elgort, and Nat Wolff, with Laura Dern, Sam Trammell, and Willem Dafoe playing supporting roles. Woodley plays Hazel Grace Lancaster, a sixteen-year-old cancer patient who is forced by her parents to attend a support group, where she meets and subsequently falls in love with Augustus Waters, another cancer patient, played by Elgort.

pos: Shailene Woodley Shailene Diann Woodley (born November 15, 1991) is an American actress and activist. Born in San Bernardino County, California and raised in the Simi Valley, she took acting classes with Anthony Meindl and made her screen debut in the television film "Replacing Dad" (1999), followed by numerous guest roles on television, including as Kaitlin Cooper on "The O.C." (2003–04), and several television films. Her leading roles as California Ford in "A Place Called Home" (2004) and Felicity Merriman in "" (2005) both earned her Young Artist Award nominations and she gained recognition for her leading role as Amy Juergens on the ABC Family television series "The Secret Life of the American Teenager" (2008–13). She also played Jane Chapman in the HBO limited series "Big Little Lies" for which she was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited Series.

neg: Finn Carter Elizabeth Fearn "Finn" Carter (born 9 March 1960) is an American actress. She is best known for her role in the 1990 film "Tremors".

neg: Danielle Rose Russell Danielle Rose Russell (born October 31, 1999) is an American actress. She is known for playing supporting roles in films such as "A Walk Among the Tombstones" (2014), "Aloha" (2015), "Pandemic" (2016) and "Wonder" (2017).

neg: Jennifer Freeman Jennifer Nichole Freeman (born October 20, 1985) is an American actress, often credited as Jennifer N. Freeman. She is best known for playing the role of Claire Kyle in the sitcom "My Wife and Kids."

neg: Diane Kruger Diane Kruger (] ; born Diane Heidkrüger; 15 July 1976) is a German-American actress and former fashion model.

neg: Lois Smith Lois Arlene Smith (née Humbert; born November 3, 1930) is an American actress. She has played supporting roles in films including "East of Eden", "Five Easy Pieces", "Resurrection", "Fatal Attraction", "Fried Green Tomatoes", "Dead Man Walking", "Tumbleweeds", "Twister", "Please Give" and 2016's "The Comedian" and "The Nice Guys". In television, she has performed in series that include "The Americans", "True Blood", and "Desperate Housewives".

neg: Debbie Gravitte Debbie Shapiro Gravitte (born September 29, 1954) is an American actress and singer.

neg: Patti Miner Pat Marie Gagon (born December 12, 1955) is an American actress, singer, author and entrepreneur most notable for her gospel country style of music. and hit solo single "Outlaw Blues".

neg: Anne Carlisle Anne Carlisle (born 1956) is an American actress, performance artist, acting teacher, author, and model.

neg: Patty Duke Anna Marie "Patty" Duke (December 14, 1946March 29, 2016) was an American actress, appearing on stage, film, and television. She first became known as a teen star, winning an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress at age 16 for her role as Helen Keller in "The Miracle Worker" (1962), a role which she had originated on Broadway. The following year she was given her own show, "The Patty Duke Show," in which she portrayed "identical cousins". She later progressed to more mature roles such as that of Neely O'Hara in the film "Valley of the Dolls" (1967). Over the course of her career, she received ten Emmy Award nominations and three Emmy Awards, and two Golden Globe Awards. Duke also served as president of the Screen Actors Guild from 1985 to 1988.

neg: Linda Hunt Lydia Susanna Hunter (born April 2, 1945), better known by her stage name Linda Hunt, is an American film, stage, and television actress. After making her film debut playing Mrs. Oxheart in "Popeye" (1980), Hunt's breakthrough came playing the male character Billy Kwan in "The Year of Living Dangerously" (1982), for which she won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress, becoming the first person to win an Oscar portraying a character of the opposite sex.

neg: Alexa Havins Alexa Carole Havins (born November 16, 1980) is an American actress. She first came to prominence in 2003, when she became the originating actor in the role of Babe Carey Chandler on the soap opera "All My Children". Her role as the flawed but good Babe Carey earned her a Daytime Emmy Award nomination in 2005 and recognition as being half of one of the show's most popular soap opera pairings.

neg: Sheryl Lee Ralph Sheryl Lee Ralph (born December 30, 1956) is an American actress, singer, and activist. She made her screen debut in the 1977 comedy film "A Piece of the Action", before landing her breakthrough role as Deena Jones in the Broadway musical "Dreamgirls" (1981), for which she received Tony Award nomination for Best Actress in a Musical.

neg: Debbi Morgan Deborah Ann "Debbi" Morgan (born September 20, 1956) is an American film and television actress. She played the role of Angie Baxter–Hubbard on the ABC soap opera "All My Children" for which she was the first African-American to win the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series in 1989. She is also known for her roles as the Seer in the fourth and fifth seasons of "Charmed". In film, she received critical acclaim for her performance as Mozelle Batiste-Delacroix in "Eve's Bayou" (1997).

neg: Jessica Boone Jessica Boone (born May 14, 1984 in Houston, Texas) is an American actress with extensive experience in Shakespeare and musical theatre whom primarily works for ADV Films, Seraphim Digital and Sentai Filmworks. She has been a leading player with the Houston Shakespeare Festival and is co-CEO and an associate artist for Prague Shakespeare Company, the Czech Republic's professional English-language theatre, where her roles have included Rosalind, Juliet, Helena, Regan, Ophelia, Innogen and Lady Macbeth among others. Boone is also an accomplished voice actress known throughout the anime world for her work voicing hundreds of characters in Japanese animated series such as Mimmy in Hello Kitty, Misaki Suzuhara in Angelic Layer, Rei Miyamoto in High School of the Dead, Chiyo Mihama in Azumanga Daioh and Sheele in Akame ga Kill. Her film and TV work includes feature films "Unlocked" directed by Michael Apted, starring Michael Douglas, Orlando Bloom, Noomi Rapace and John Malkovich and "Puerto Ricans In Paris" starring Rosario Dawson, Rosie Perez and Luis Guzman. Boone also appeared on Disney-ABC Television Group as Rabia in "Missing" starring Ashley Judd, Sean Bean and Cliff Curtis. She currently lives in Prague, Czech Republic, and has occasionally returned to the Houston, Texas area.

neg: Melissa Reeves Melissa Reeves (née Brennan, born March 14, 1967) is an American actress, known for playing Jennifer Horton, a role she originated in 1985 on the NBC series "Days of Our Lives" (1985–1995, 2000–2006, 2010-)

neg: Diane Bond Diane Loretta Bond (born September 25, 1945, in Los Angeles) is an American former actress and feminist artist and writer, best known for her minor roles in movies during the 1960s. She appeared in films like "In Like Flint" (1967), "House of 1,000 Dolls" (1967), "A Swingin' Summer" (1965), "Pajama Party" (1964) and as a beach extra in the TV series "The Beverly Hillbillies". Bond also had several uncredited roles such as an air hostess in "Seconds" (1966) and a body double for Claudia Cardinale in "Blindfold" (1965). After relocating to Italy and studying art, she became an artist using mainly feminist issues to fuel her creativity.

neg: Catherine Keener Catherine Ann Keener (born March 23, 1959) is an American actress. She has been twice nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her roles as Maxine Lund in "Being John Malkovich" (1999) and Harper Lee in "Capote" (2005). Keener also appeared in the films "The 40-Year-Old Virgin" (2005), "Into the Wild" (2007), "Synecdoche, New York" (2008), and "Get Out" (2017), which were well received by critics. Keener is the muse of director Nicole Holofcener, having appeared in every work of hers to date.

neg: The Fault in Our Stars The Fault in Our Stars is the sixth novel by author John Green, published in January 2012. The title is inspired by Act 1, Scene 2 of Shakespeare's play "Julius Caesar", in which the nobleman Cassius says to Brutus: "The fault, dear Brutus, is not in our stars, / But in ourselves, that we are underlings." The story is narrated by Hazel Grace Lancaster, a 16-year-old girl with cancer. Hazel is forced by her parents to attend a support group where she subsequently meets and falls in love with 17-year-old Augustus Waters, an ex-basketball player and amputee. A feature film adaptation of the novel directed by Josh Boone and starring Shailene Woodley, Ansel Elgort and Nat Wolff was released on June 6, 2014. Both the book and its film adaptation were met with strong critical and commercial success.

neg: Kate Norby Katherine Winifred "Kate" Norby (born August 1, 1976) is an American actress.

neg: Bella Thorne Annabella Avery Thorne (born October 8, 1997) is an American actress and singer. She played Ruthy Spivey in the television series "My Own Worst Enemy", Tancy Henrickson in the fourth season of "Big Love", and CeCe Jones on the Disney Channel series "Shake It Up". She also appeared as Hilary/"Larry" in "Blended" and as Celia in "Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day". In 2015, she played Madison in "The DUFF", Amanda in "Perfect High" and Hazel in "Big Sky". Thorne currently stars as Paige on the Freeform series, "Famous in Love".


query: James Robert "Jimmy" Scott was convicted as part of an event that cost how much in damages?

pos: James Scott (criminal) James Robert "Jimmy" Scott (born November 20, 1969) was convicted of causing a massive flood of the Mississippi River at West Quincy, Missouri as part of the Great Flood of 1993. He is currently serving a sentence of 20 years to life in a Missouri prison.

pos: Great Flood of 1993 The Great Mississippi and Missouri Rivers Flood of 1993 (or "Great Flood of 1993") occurred in the American Midwest, along the Mississippi and Missouri rivers and their tributaries, from April to October 1993. The flood was among the most costly and devastating to ever occur in the United States, with $15 billion in damages. The hydrographic basin affected over around 745 miles in length and 435 miles in width, totaling about 320000 mi2 . Within this zone, the flooded area totaled around 30000 mi2 and was the worst such U.S. disaster since the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927, as measured by duration, area inundated, persons displaced, crop and property damage, and number of record river levels. In some categories, the 1993 flood even surpassed the 1927 flood, at the time the largest flood ever recorded on the Mississippi.

neg: Soberanes Fire The Soberanes Fire was as of 2016 the most expensive wildfire in United States history. It was the result of an illegal campfire in Garrapata State Park and cost about $236 million to suppress. The fire burned 132,127 acre along the Big Sur coast in the Los Padres National Forest, Ventana Wilderness, and adjacent private and public land in Monterey County, California. At the fire's peak, over 5000 personnel were assigned to the blaze. The Soberanes fire is the 18th of the top 20 largest California wildfires in terms of acres burned.

neg: Rummel v. Estelle Rummel v. Estelle, 445 U.S. 263 (1980) , (sometimes erroneously cited as Rummel v. Estell) was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court upheld a life sentence with the possibility of parole under Texas' three strikes law for a felony fraud crime, where the offense and the defendant's two prior offenses involved approximately $230 of fraudulent activity.

neg: Chicago Fire of 1874 The Chicago Fire of 1874 was a conflagration in Chicago, Illinois, that took place on July 14, 1874. Reports of the extent of the damage vary somewhat, but sources generally agree that the fire burned forty-seven acres just south of the Loop, destroyed 812 structures and killed 20 people. The affected neighborhood had been home to Chicago's community of Jewish immigrants from Russia and Poland, as well as to a significant population of middle-class African-American families; both ethnic groups were displaced in the aftermath of the fire to other neighborhoods on the city's West and South Sides.

neg: Abraham Shakespeare Abraham Lee Shakespeare (April 23, 1966 – ca. April 7, 2009) was an American casual laborer who won a thirty million dollar lottery jackpot in Florida, receiving $17 million in 2006. In 2009, his family declared him missing, and in January 2010 his body was found buried under a concrete slab in the backyard of an acquaintance. Dorice "Dee Dee" Moore was convicted of his murder and is now serving life in prison without the possibility of parole. Shakespeare's troubles began after winning the lottery. The case was profiled in the American E! television program "Curse of the Lottery"; and also was made the subject of an episode of "Snapped" on Oxygen Channel, DTV, on March 16, 2014 as well as the subject of a 2013 episode of "American Greed". The case also featured on Season 7 of "Deadly Women". Also showcased on "I Killed My BFF" on Lifetime Channel.

neg: Effects of Hurricane Wilma in Florida The effects of Hurricane Wilma in Florida were catastrophic, becoming the second costliest Florida hurricane ever recorded. Hurricane Wilma was first evident near Jamaica and was classified as a hurricane on October 18. Initially, orange future prices soared on October 19, 2005. As the system drew closer, schools and government offices closed on October 21. Professional and college sports games were rescheduled during Wilma's advance towards Florida. Evacuations were ordered for southwestern Florida and the Keys. As the storm made landfall, a storm surge swept into coastal sections of southern Florida and high winds led to significant damage near and along Wilma's path, particularly to the power grid. Some locations were without power for 2–3 weeks after the storm. Wilma spawned ten tornadoes in Florida. At least 35 Wilma-related deaths were reported in the United States, all in Florida. Wilma was also blamed for at least 26 indirect deaths. Damage in Florida totaled $20.6 billion (2005 USD; $22.7 billion 2008 USD).

neg: Operation Broken Trust Operation Broken Trust, the largest investment fraud sweep by the Federal government of the United States, was conducted between August 16 and December 1, 2010. The stated purpose of the operation was to "root out and expose" investment scams within the U.S. and to educate the public. It was announced that the operation involved 343 criminal cases with damages of $8.3 billion and 189 civil cases with damages of $2.1 billion; more than 120,000 victims were affected.

neg: 1973 Saint John River flood The 1973 Saint John River flood in late April 1973 was the most significant flood ever recorded on the Saint John River. The flood inundated many parts of the city of Fredericton, New Brunswick and its surrounding farmlands killing at least one person and causing nearly 12 million dollars (78 million adjusted to 2008 dollars) in damages.

neg: Steven J. McAuliffe Steven James McAuliffe (born March 3, 1948) is a Senior United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the District of New Hampshire. He is the widower of Christa McAuliffe, one of the victims of the 1986 Space Shuttle Challenger disaster.

neg: Rebellion Losses Bill The Rebellion Losses Bill (full name: "An Act to provide for the Indemnification of Parties in Lower Canada whose Property was destroyed during the Rebellion in the years 1837 and 1838") was a controversial law enacted by the legislature of the Province of Canada in 1849. Its passage and subsequent assent by the Governor General, James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin makes the bill a landmark piece of legislation in Canadian political history.

neg: Scott v. Illinois Scott v. Illinois, 440 U.S. 367 (1979), was a case heard by the Supreme Court of the United States. In "Scott", the Court decided whether the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments required Illinois to provide Scott with trial counsel.

neg: 1974 Super Outbreak The 1974 Super Outbreak was the second-largest tornado outbreak on record for a single 24-hour period, just behind the 2011 Super Outbreak. It was also the most violent tornado outbreak ever recorded, with 30 F4/F5 tornadoes confirmed. From April 3 to April 4, 1974, there were 148 tornadoes confirmed in 13 U.S. states and the Canadian province of Ontario. In the United States, tornadoes struck Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Georgia, North Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia, and New York. The entire outbreak caused more than $600 million (1974 USD) in damage in the United States alone, and extensively damaged approximately 900 mi2 along a total combined path length of 2,600 mi . At one point, as many as 15 separate tornadoes were ongoing at the same time.

neg: Jimmy Wilson (robber) James E. Wilson (born 1904), was an American farmhand who was convicted of violent robbery by an Alabama court in 1958 and sentenced to death. His case became a "cause célèbre" due to the small amount stolen ($1.95) and the fact that Wilson, as an African-American, was convicted by an all-white jury.

neg: 1993 Bishopsgate bombing The Bishopsgate bombing occurred on Saturday 24 April 1993, when the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) detonated a powerful truck bomb on Bishopsgate, a major thoroughfare in London's financial district, the City of London. Telephoned warnings were sent about an hour beforehand, but a news photographer was killed in the blast and 44 people were injured. The damage cost £350 million to repair. As a result of the bombing, which happened just over a year after the bombing of the nearby Baltic Exchange, a "ring of steel" was implemented to protect the City, and many firms introduced disaster recovery plans in case of further attacks or similar disasters.

neg: 1980 Miami riots The 1980 Miami riots were race riots that occurred in Miami, Florida, starting in earnest on May 18, 1980, following the acquittal of four Miami-Dade Police officers in the death of Arthur McDuffie (December 3, 1946 – December 21, 1979). McDuffie, a black salesman and former Marine, died from injuries sustained at the hands of four white officers trying to arrest him after a high-speed chase. The officers were tried and acquitted for manslaughter and evidence tampering, among other charges. Subsequently, a race riot broke out in the black neighborhoods of Overtown and Liberty City in Miami. In 1981 Dade County paid McDuffie's family a settlement of $1.1 million after they filed a civil lawsuit against the officials. The 1980 Miami riots were the deadliest since the 1960s and remained such until the 1992 Los Angeles riots twelve years later.

neg: James Brady James Scott Brady (August 29, 1940 – August 4, 2014) was an assistant to the U.S. President and White House Press Secretary under President Ronald Reagan. In 1981, Brady became permanently disabled from a gunshot wound during the attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan. Brady became an ardent supporter of gun control as a result of this event.

neg: Economic effects of Hurricane Katrina The economic effects of Hurricane Katrina, which hit Louisiana, Florida, Texas and Mississippi in late August 2005, were far-reaching. In 2006, the Bush administration sought over $100 billion for repairs and reconstruction in the region, making it the costliest natural disaster in US history. And this does not account for damage to the economy caused by potential interruption of the oil supply and exports of commodities such as cotton. Also, before Hurricane Katrina, the region supported approximately one million non-farm jobs, with 600,000 of them in New Orleans. One study, by Mark Burton and Michael J. Hicks estimated the total economic impact to Louisiana and Mississippi may exceed $150 billion.

neg: Mataafa Storm The Mataafa" Storm, or Mataafa" Storm of 1905, is the name of a storm that occurred on the Great Lakes on November 27–28, 1905. The system moved across the Great Basin with moderate depth on November 26 and November 27, then east-northeastward across the Great Lakes on November 28. Fresh east winds were forecast for the afternoon and evening of November 27, with storm warnings in effect by the morning of November 28. Storm-force winds and heavy snows accompanied the cyclone's passage. The storm, named after the steamship "Mataafa" , ended up destroying or damaging about 29 vessels, killing 36 seamen, and causing shipping losses of $3.567 million (1905 dollars) on Lake Superior.

neg: 2001 Nisqually earthquake The 2001 Nisqually earthquake (also commonly referred to as "The Ash Wednesday earthquake") occurred at on February 28. The intraslab earthquake had a moment magnitude of 6.8 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII ("Severe"). The epicenter was in the southern Puget Sound, northeast of Olympia, but the shock was felt in Oregon, Canada, eastern Washington, and Idaho. This was one of several large earthquakes that occurred in the Puget sound region in the prior 52 years and caused property damage valued at between one and four billion dollars. One person died of a heart attack and several hundred were injured.

neg: James Reeb James Reeb (January 1, 1927 – March 11, 1965) was an American Unitarian Universalist minister, pastor and activist during the Civil rights movement in Washington, D.C. and Boston, Massachusetts. While participating in the Selma to Montgomery marches actions in Selma, Alabama, in 1965, he was murdered by white segregationists, dying of head injuries in the hospital two days after being severely beaten.

neg: Hugh A. Bentley Hugh A. Bentley (1909–1984) is known for launching a cleanup drive to get rid of crime and corruption in Phenix City, Alabama, in the early 1950s. He was beaten, and survived an assassination attempt with a dynamite bomb.