query: How long was Margaret Stanley, Countess of Derby's father's family seated at Skipton Castle?

pos: Margaret Clifford, Countess of Derby Margaret Stanley, Countess of Derby (née Lady Margaret Clifford; 1540 – 28 September 1596) was the only surviving daughter of Henry Clifford, 2nd Earl of Cumberland and Lady Eleanor Brandon. Her maternal grandparents were Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk and Mary Tudor, Queen of France. Mary was the third daughter of King Henry VII of England and Elizabeth of York.

pos: Henry Clifford, 2nd Earl of Cumberland Henry Clifford, 2nd Earl of Cumberland (1517 – January 1570) was a member of the Clifford family, seated at Skipton Castle from 1310 to 1676. His wife was Lady Eleanor Brandon, a niece of King Henry VIII.

neg: Egerton family The Egerton family (pronunciation: ""edger-ton"") is a British aristocratic family. Over time, several members of the Egerton family were made knights, baronets and peers. Hereditary titles held by the Egerton family include the dukedoms of Bridgewater (1720–1803) and Sutherland (since 1963), as well as the earldoms of Bridgewater (1617–1829), Wilton (1801–1999) and Egerton (1897–1909). Several other members of the family have also risen to prominence.

neg: Alston (name) Alston is an English language surname of Anglo-Saxon origin with several derivations. It may have evolved from the Middle English given name "Alstan", the prefix, "Al-" itself derived from different Old English words ("noble", "elf", "old", "shrine", "temple"), and the suffix "-stan" ("stone") derived from pre 7th century Old English. The oldest public record of this derivation is found in 1279 in Cambridgeshire. One branch of this name may have been taken from the manor of a Saxon Lord called Alstanus, he had his manor in Stambourne, North East Essex. It is known that he was still in possession of the Manor after the Norman conquest, although as a tenant rather than owner, he held the land annexed against the King. There are a high density of families with the surname Alston and Alliston from around the Sudbury area, not far from Stambourne. In the 1224 feet of fines it is recorded that John son of Adam de Alliston sold land at Stanfeld (Stansfield) Suffolk. Stansfield is a few miles North of Stambourne. Both Stambourne and Stansfield may have taken their name from Æthelstan Half-King, Earl of East Anglia in the 930s.

neg: Molyneux Molyneux ( ; Old Norman: "De Molines" or "De Moulins") is a French surname. The surname has been linked primarily to a large Norman family that settled in Lancashire, United Kingdom from Normandy following the Norman Conquest. By the 14th century the Molyneux family had become so large that it split into three main branches; the Lancashire line, who became the Earls of Sefton, the Nottingham line, and the Calais line, from family still left over in Normandy. There was also a branch of the family who were Irish baronets.

neg: Hylton Castle Hylton Castle ( ) is a ruined stone castle in the North Hylton area of Sunderland, Tyne and Wear, England. Originally built from wood by the Hilton (later Hylton) family shortly after the Norman Conquest in 1066, it was later rebuilt in stone in the late 14th to early 15th century. The castle underwent major changes to its interior and exterior in the 18th century and it remained the principal seat of the Hylton family until the death of the last "baron" in 1746. It was then Gothicised but neglected until 1812, when it was revitalised by a new owner. Standing empty again until the 1840s, it was briefly used as a school until it was purchased again in 1862. The site passed to a local coal company in the early 20th century and was taken over by the state in 1950.

neg: Duke of Beaufort Duke of Beaufort, a title in the Peerage of England, was created by Charles II in 1682 for Henry Somerset, 3rd Marquess of Worcester, a descendant of Charles Somerset, 1st Earl of Worcester, legitimized son of Henry Beaufort, 3rd Duke of Somerset, a Lancastrian leader in the Wars of the Roses. The name "Beaufort" refers to a castle in Champagne, France (now Montmorency-Beaufort). It is the only current dukedom to take its name from a place outside the British Isles.

neg: Nicholas Vaux, 1st Baron Vaux of Harrowden Nicholas Vaux, 1st Baron Vaux of Harrowden (c. 1460 – 14 May 1523) was a soldier and courtier in England and an early member of the House of Commons. He was the son of Lancastrian loyalists, Sir William Vaux of Harrowden and Katherine Penyson (or Peniston as she is sometimes called in later sources), a lady of the household of Queen Margaret of Anjou, wife of the Lancastrian king, Henry VI of England. Katherine was daughter of Gregorio Panizzone of Courticelle (modern Cortiglione), in Piedmont, Italy which was at that time subject to King René of Anjou, father of Queen Margaret of Anjou, as ruler of Provence. He grew up during the years of Yorkist rule, and later served under the founder of the Tudor dynasty, Henry VII.

neg: Henry Brandon, 1st Earl of Lincoln Henry Brandon, 1st Earl of Lincoln (ca. 1523 – 1 March 1534 Southwark) was the youngest child and second son born to Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk and Mary Tudor, Queen of France, who was a daughter of Henry VII, King of England. Thus Henry Brandon was nephew to King Henry VIII. His older sisters were Lady Frances Brandon and Lady Eleanor Brandon.

neg: Violet Manners, Duchess of Rutland Marion Margaret Violet Manners, Duchess of Rutland ("née" Lindsay; 7 March 1856 – 22 December 1937) was a British artist and noblewoman. A granddaughter of the 24th Earl of Crawford, she married Henry Manners in 1882. She was styled as the Marchioness of Granby from 1888 to 1906, when Manners succeeded as Duke of Rutland. She had five children, including the 9th Duke of Rutland and the socialite Lady Diana Cooper.

neg: Featherstone Castle Featherstone Castle, a Grade I listed building, is a large Gothic style country mansion situated on the bank of the River South Tyne about 3 mi southwest of the town of Haltwhistle in Northumberland, England.

neg: Audley-Stanley family The Audley-Stanley family is a family with many notable members including the Earls of Derby who are descended from the early holders of Audley, Staffordshire, England.

neg: Margaret of York Margaret of York (3 May 1446 – 23 November 1503) – also by marriage known as Margaret of Burgundy – was Duchess Consort of Burgundy as the third wife of Charles the Bold and acted as a protector of the Duchy after his death. She was a daughter of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York, and Cecily Neville, and the sister of two Kings of England, Edward IV and Richard III. She was born at Fotheringhay Castle, Northamptonshire, England, and she died at Mechelen in the Low Countries.

neg: Thomas Boleyn, 1st Earl of Wiltshire Thomas Boleyn, 1st Earl of Wiltshire, 1st Earl of Ormond, 1st Viscount Rochford (c. 1477 – 12 March 1539) was an English diplomat and politician in the Tudor era. He was born at the family home, Hever Castle, Kent, which had been purchased by his grandfather Sir Geoffrey Boleyn, who was a wealthy mercer. He was buried at St. Peter's parish church in the village of Hever. His parents were Sir William Boleyn (1451 – 10 October 1505) and Lady Margaret Butler (1454–1539). He was the father of Anne Boleyn, the second wife of Henry VIII of England. As such, he was the maternal grandfather of Queen Elizabeth I.

neg: Margaret, Countess of Lennox Margaret, Countess of Lennox was the daughter of Domhnall, Earl of Lennox, who died in about 1364. She married Walter de Fasselane, a cousin, who also descended from previous Earls of Lennox.

neg: Sir Henry Crewe, 7th Baronet Sir Henry Crewe, 7th Baronet (1763 – 6 February 1819), born Henry Harpur, was the only son of Sir Henry Harpur, 6th Baronet, and Frances Greville, the second daughter of Francis Greville, 1st Earl of Warwick. He was born in 1763 and took his place as the owner of the estate when his father died in 1789.

neg: Earl of Mansfield Earl of Mansfield, in the County of Nottingham, and Earl of Mansfield, in the County of Middlesex, are two titles in the Peerage of Great Britain that have been united under a single holder since 1843. They were created in 1776 and 1792 respectively for the Scottish lawyer and judge William Murray, 1st Baron Mansfield, fourth son of David Murray, 5th Viscount of Stormont (see Viscount Stormont for the earlier history of the family). He was Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench from 1756 to 1788. Murray had already been created Baron Mansfield, in the County of Nottingham, in the Peerage of Great Britain in 1756, with normal remainder to the heirs male of his body. The two earldoms were created with different remainders. The 1776 earldom was created with remainder to Louisa Murray (née Cathcart), Viscountess Stormont (daughter of Charles Schaw Cathcart, 9th Lord Cathcart), second wife of his nephew David Murray, 7th Viscount Stormont, while the 1792 earldom, referring to a fictitious Mansfield in Middlesex to differentiate it from the first earldom, was created with remainder to his nephew the Viscount Stormont.

neg: Rodes baronets The Rodes Baronetcy, of Barlborough in the County of Derby, was a title in the Baronetage of England. It was created on 14 August 1641 for Francis Rodes, of Barlborough Hall, near Chesterfield, Derbyshire. The early family of Rodes was seated in Nottinghamshire. A William Rodes acquired an estate in Derbyshire by marriage. Sir Francis Rodes built Barlborough Hall in 1583-4. The first Baronet was his grandson. The title became extinct on the death of the fourth Baronet in 1743, when the estates passed to his sister's heirs, the Heathcotes and Heathcote-Rodes families.

neg: Lord Strange's Men Lord Strange's Men was an Elizabethan playing company, comprising retainers of the household of Ferdinando Stanley, Lord Strange (pronounced "strang"). They are best known in their final phase of activity in the late 1580s and early 1590s. After 25 September 1593, they were known as the Earl of Derby's Men, that being the date of Stanley's accession to his father's title.

neg: John Sutton III Sir John de Sutton III (1339 – c.1370) was the 2nd Baron Sutton of Dudley and heir of Dudley Castle. He was the son of Sir John de Sutton II, the first Lord of Dudley, and Isabella de Cherleton. John III married twice, with the first on 25 December 1357 to Katherine de Stafford (1340/8 – December 1361), daughter of Ralph de Stafford, 1st Earl of Stafford and Margaret de Audley, 2nd Baroness Audley. After 1361, he married secondly to Joan, daughter of Sir John de Clinton of Coleshill.

neg: Margaret Fownes-Luttrell Margaret Fownes-Luttrell (7 February 1726 – 13 August 1766) was an English artist and wife of Henry Fownes Luttrell. Two of her paintings are part of the Dunster Castle collection, now property of the National Trust. She was the heiress of Dunster Castle, under the stipulation in her father's will that her husband should take the additional surname of Luttrell. Four portraits of her exist in Dunster castle and a fifth at Bathealton Court.

neg: Frances Grey, Duchess of Suffolk Frances Grey, Duchess of Suffolk (née Brandon; 16 July 1517 – 20 November 1559) was an English noblewoman, the second child and eldest daughter of King Henry VIII's younger sister, Princess Mary, and Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk. She was the mother of Lady Jane Grey, Lady Catherine Grey, and Lady Mary Grey.


query: What Samoan island was George Pisi born on?

pos: George Pisi George Pisi (born 29 June 1986 in Apia, Samoa) is a rugby union player for Samoa who will leave his current club Northampton Saints in the Aviva Premiership at the conclusion of the 2016/17 season.

pos: Apia Apia is the capital and the largest city of Samoa. From 1900 to 1919, it was the capital of German Samoa. The city is located on the central north coast of Upolu, Samoa's second largest island. Apia is the only "city" in Samoa and falls within the political district ("itūmālō") of Tuamasaga.

neg: Samoa Technologies Samoa Technologies (also known as Samoa Tech or STI) is a privately held diversified telecommunications, broadcasting and media, consulting, and aircraft leasing company located in the South Pacific and based in Pago Pago, American Samoa. STI operates a Satellite Earth Station in American Samoa which provides 24/7 linkage to/from the outside world for voice, data and video; radio broadcasting station KSBS-FM; and mobile communications in American Samoa.

neg: Foailuga Foailuga is a village on the south-west coast of Savai'i island in Samoa. It is situated in Palauli district.

neg: Epi (island) Epi (or Épi, Api; formerly known as Tasiko or Volcano Island) is an island in Shefa Province, Vanuatu, at the north end of the Shepherd Islands.

neg: Papa Uta Papa Uta is a village on the island of Savai'i in Samoa. It is situated at the west side of the island in the political district of Vaisigano.

neg: Monica Galetti Monica Galetti (née Fa'afiti, born 1975) is a Samoan-born New Zealand chef who is based in London, England.

neg: Sato'alepai Sato'alepai is a village situated on the central north coast of the island of Savai'i in Samoa. Sato'alepai is in the political district of Gaga'emauga.

neg: Pepea Pepea is an island in Lulunga district, in the Ha'apai islands of Tonga.

neg: Sapulu Sapulu is a village at the east side of Savai'i island in Samoa. The village is part of the electoral constituency ("Faipule District") Fa'asaleleaga I which is within the larger political district (Itumalo) of Fa'asaleleaga.

neg: Eastern District, American Samoa The Eastern District is one of the primary divisions of American Samoa. It consists of the eastern portion of Tutuila, American Samoa's largest island, plus the island of Aunu'u. The district has a land area of 67.027 km² (25.879 sq mi) and a 2000 census population of 23,441. It contains 34 villages plus a portion of Nu'uuli village. Among these are Pago Pago, Fagatogo, and Utulei.

neg: Vaisigano Vaisigano is a political district at the western tip of Savai'i island in Samoa. The capital of the district is Asau.

neg: Samoa at the 2016 Summer Olympics Samoa competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 5 to 21 August 2016. This was the nation's ninth consecutive appearance at the Summer Olympic Games, although it had previously competed in four editions under the name "Western Samoa".

neg: Samoa (disambiguation) Samoa is a country in the South Pacific, officially "Independent State of Samoa", formerly "Western Samoa"

neg: Mauga Mauga is a village in Savai'i island in Samoa. The word "mauga" means "mountain" in the Samoan language. The settlement is built around the crater of a small volcano. Mauga is in the Gaga'emauga political district near the central north coast of the island. The large meeting houses of the village are situated in a circle facing each other around the rim of the crater which can be seen in high altitude photography.

neg: Viti Levu Viti Levu (pronounced ] ) is the largest island in the Republic of Fiji, the site of the nation's capital, Suva, and home to a large majority of Fiji's population.

neg: Aasu, American Samoa Aasu is a village on the north coast of Tutuila Island, American Samoa. It is located to the west of Fagasa and northwest of Pago Pago. It is one of multiple villages involved in an archaeological survey of the island.

neg: Vaipua Vaipua is a village on the island of Savai'i in Samoa. It is situated on the south east coast of the island in the traditional district of Salega which falls within the larger political district ("Itumalo") of Satupa'itea.

neg: Lefagaoali'i Lefagaoali'i is a village on the central north coast of Savai'i island in Samoa. The village is in the electoral district of Gagaifomauga.

neg: Tuilaepa Aiono Sailele Malielegaoi Tuilaepa Lupesoliai Neioti Aiono Sailele Malielegaoi (born 14 April 1945) is a Samoan politician who has been Prime Minister of Samoa since 1998.

neg: Radio Polynesia Radio Polynesia is a major radio station and source of news and information in Samoa. Founded in 1989, the radio station's head office is situated in Savalalo, in the capital Apia. Radio Polynesia operates four separate radio stations, broadcasting in both English and Samoan. In 1998, the station launched Talofa FM, broadcast only in the Samoan language with 100% national coverage including the outer island of Savai'i.

neg: Magiagi Tai Magiagi Tai is a village on the island of Upolu in Samoa. It is situated on the central north coast of the island. The village is in the political district of Tuamasaga.


query: What is the name of this English musician, comedian, and actor, who narrated Dream Street?

pos: Dream Street (UK TV series) Dream Street is a British children's television series that ran from 6 May 1999 to 2002 on "CITV". The show is narrated by British comedian Russ Abbot, and was aimed at children aged from 2 to 7. The show featured talking toy vehicles, which were radio controlled in real time. The series aired back on CITV around 2008.

pos: Russ Abbot Russ Abbot (born Russell A. Roberts; 18 September 1947) is an English musician, comedian and actor. He first came to public notice during the 1970s as the singer and drummer with British comedy showband the "Black Abbots", along with Leonard 'Lenny' Reynolds, later forging a prominent solo career as a television comedian with his own weekly show on British television.

neg: John Gorman (entertainer) John Gorman (born 4 January 1936 in Birkenhead, Cheshire), is an English comedian, vocalist and comedy musician.

neg: Graham Fellows Graham David Fellows (born 22 May 1959 in Sheffield, England) is an English comedy actor and musician, best known for creating the characters of John Shuttleworth and Jilted John.

neg: Stephen Frost Stephen Frederick Eustace Frost (born 28 December 1955) is an English actor and comedian.

neg: Chris Sievey Christopher Mark Sievey (25 August 1955 – 21 June 2010) was an English musician and comedian known for fronting the band The Freshies in the late 1970s and early 1980s and for his comic persona Frank Sidebottom from 1984 onwards.

neg: Robert Lonsdale Robert Lonsdale (born 1983) is an English actor and musician.

neg: Steve Delaney Steve Delaney (born 1954) is an English comedian and character actor, best known for his comedy character Count Arthur Strong on BBC Radio 4 and then a television sitcom broadcast on BBC2 and BBC1.

neg: Julian Barratt Julian Barratt Pettifer (born 4 May 1968), known professionally as Julian Barratt, is an English comedian, actor, musician, music producer and member of surreal comedy troupe The Mighty Boosh. He played Howard Moon in their sitcom "The Mighty Boosh".

neg: Sting (musician) Gordon Matthew Thomas Sumner, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (born 2 October 1951), better known by his stage name Sting, is an English musician, singer, songwriter and actor. He was the principal songwriter, lead singer, and bassist for the new wave rock band The Police from 1977 to 1984, before launching a solo career.

neg: Paul Merton Paul James Martin, known professionally as Paul Merton (born 9 July 1957) is an English writer, actor, comedian, radio and television presenter.

neg: Matt Ballinger Matthew Samuel "Matt" Ballinger (born April 22, 1985) is an American singer and actor best known for being a member of boy band Dream Street.

neg: Elis James Owain Elis James (born 3 November 1980) is a Welsh comedian and actor originally from Haverfordwest. He grew up in Carmarthen and later lived in Cardiff. He is now based in London. He is bilingual in Welsh and English, and has performed in both languages.

neg: Dream Scene (song) "Dream Scene" is an experimental composition by English musician George Harrison. It was released in November 1968 on his debut solo album, "Wonderwall Music", which was the soundtrack to the psychedelic film "Wonderwall", directed by Joe Massot. The track is an instrumental piece, with occasional non-English vocals and a spoken word segment. It comprises three sections and combines meditative Indian sounds and singing with passages of Western instrumentation and avant-garde styling, including backwards tape loops and sound effects.

neg: Tony Jay Tony Jay (2 February 1933 – 13 August 2006) was an English actor, voice artist, and singer.

neg: Charlie Higson Charles Murray "Charlie" Higson (born 3 July 1958) is an English actor, comedian, author, and former singer. He has also written and produced for television.

neg: Daniel Amalm Daniel Amalm (born 16 February 1979) is a musician and a former Australian actor.

neg: Tom Meeten Tom Meeten (born 30 April 1974) is an English comedian, actor and writer.

neg: Daniel Rigby Daniel Rigby (born 6 December 1982) is an English actor and comedian.

neg: Freddie Starr Freddie Starr (born Frederick Leslie Fowell, 9 January 1943) is an English comedian, impressionist, singer and actor. Starr was the lead singer of Merseybeat pop group the Midniters during the early 1960s, and came to prominence in the early 1970s after appearing on "Opportunity Knocks" and the Royal Variety Performance.

neg: Nick Helm Nicholas Tristan Phillip Helm (born 1 October 1980) is an English comedian, actor and rock musician known for his comedic confrontational delivery. His routines have been described as "brash and bullish". Many of his performances begin with him acting calmly and see him gradually getting more and more enraged about what he is talking about. He came to prominence following the success of his 2010 Edinburgh Fringe show "Keep Hold of the Gold". In 2014, Helm made his main acting debut as lead character Andy in the BBC Three sitcom "Uncle".

neg: Little Britain Live Little Britain Live is a stage show based on the TV sketch series "Little Britain", performed by its stars, Matt Lucas and David Walliams, and directed by Jeremy Sams. Supporting characters are played by Paul Putner and Samantha Power (with Anthony Head and Ruth Jones in certain performances). As in the TV show, Tom Baker is the narrator, although his lines are pre-recorded. The show toured the United Kingdom from October 2005 until December 2006, and Australia from January–March 2007.


query: The First Silesian war was fought against the King of Prussia who died in what year?

pos: First Silesian War The First Silesian War was a theatre of the War of the Austrian Succession. The name is used to describe Prussia's war against Austria between 1740 and 1742, fought mainly in Silesia, Moravia and Bohemia (the lands of the Bohemian Crown). It became the first in a series of three Silesian Wars fought between Frederick the Great's Prussia and Maria Theresa's Austria.

pos: Frederick the Great Frederick II (German: "Friedrich" ; 24 January 171217 August 1786) was King of Prussia from 1740 until 1786, the longest reign of any Hohenzollern king. His most significant accomplishments during his reign included his military victories, his reorganization of Prussian armies, his patronage of the arts and the Enlightenment in Prussia, and his final success against great odds in the Seven Years' War. Frederick was the last titled King in Prussia and declared himself King of Prussia after achieving full sovereignty for all historical Prussian lands. Prussia had greatly increased its territories and became a leading military power in Europe under his rule. He became known as Frederick the Great ("Friedrich der Große ") and was affectionately nicknamed "Der Alte Fritz " ("Old Fritz") by the Prussian and later by all German people.

neg: Karol Ferdynand Vasa Prince Charles Ferdinand Vasa (Polish: "Karol Ferdynand Waza" ; October 13, 1613 in Warsaw – May 9, 1655 in Wyszków), was a Polish nobleman, prince, priest, Bishop of Wrocław from 1625, bishop of Płock from 1640 and Duke of Opole from 1648 to 1655.

neg: Stanisław August Poniatowski Stanisław II Augustus (also Stanisław August Poniatowski; born Stanisław Antoni Poniatowski; 17 January 1732 – 12 February 1798) was the last King of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania and the last monarch of the united Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1764–95). He remains a controversial figure in Polish history. Recognized as a great patron of the arts and sciences and an initiator and firm supporter of progressive reforms, he is also remembered as the last king of the Commonwealth whose election was marred by Russian involvement. He is criticized primarily for his failure to stand against the partitions, and thus to prevent the destruction of Poland.

neg: Frederick IV of Liegnitz Frederick IV, Duke of Legnica (20 April 1552 – 27 March 1596) was Duke of Legnica since 1571 until his death (as a co-ruler of his elder brother during 1571–1576 and 1580–1581).

neg: Prince Henry of Prussia (1900–1904) Prince Heinrich of Prussia, (German: "Heinrich Viktor Ludwig Friedrich" ; 9 January 1900 – 26 February 1904), was the haemophiliac third son and youngest child of Prince Henry of Prussia and Princess Irene of Hesse and by Rhine, and thus a grandson of Frederick III, German Emperor on his father's side and a great-grandson of Queen Victoria through both his mother and father. He died aged four.

neg: Tadeusz Kościuszko Andrzej Tadeusz Bonawentura Kościuszko ("Andrew Thaddeus Bonaventure Kosciuszko"; February 4 or 12, 1746 – October 15, 1817) was a Polish-Lithuanian military engineer and a military leader who became a national hero in Poland, Lithuania, Belarus, and the United States. He fought in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth's struggles against Russia and Prussia, and on the American side in the American Revolutionary War. As Supreme Commander of the Polish National Armed Forces, he led the 1794 Kościuszko Uprising.

neg: Treaty of Vienna (1656) The treaty of Vienna, concluded on 1 December 1656, was an Austro–Polish alliance during the Second Northern War. Habsburg emperor Ferdinand III agreed to enter the war on the anti-Swedish side and support the Polish king John II Casimir with 4,000 troops. The treaty was, however, dissatisfying for John II Casimir, who had hoped for more substantial aid, and further ineffective as Ferdinand III died three days after giving his signature. A similar, but more effective alliance was concluded by Ferdinand III's successor Leopold I in the Treaty of Vienna (1657).

neg: Johann Kasimir Kolbe von Wartenberg Johann Kasimir Kolbe von Wartenberg (6 February 1643, in Wetterau – 4 July 1712, in Frankfurt am Main) was the first ever Minister-President (effectively Prime Minister) of the kingdom of Prussia, and the head of the "Cabinet of Three Counts".

neg: Casimir I of Opole Casimir I of Opole (Polish: "Kazimierz I opolski" ;  1178/79 – 13 May 1230), a member of the Piast dynasty, was a Silesian duke of Opole and Racibórz from 1211 until his death.

neg: Battle of Hohenfriedberg The Battle of Hohenfriedberg or "Hohenfriedeberg", now Dobromierz, also known as the battle of Striegau, now Strzegom, was one of Frederick the Great's most admired victories. Frederick's Prussian army decisively defeated an Austrian army under Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine on 4 June 1745 during the Second Silesian War (part of the War of the Austrian Succession).

neg: Duke Adam of Württemberg Adam Karl Wilhelm Nikolaus Paul Eugen von Württemberg (16 January 1792 – 26 July 1847) was a Duke of Württemberg and General in Russian and Polish-Russian service.

neg: Prince William of Baden (1829–1897) Prince Louis "William" Augustus of Baden (German: "Ludwig Wilhelm August Prinz von Baden" ; 18 December 1829 – 27 April 1897) was a Prussian general and politician. He was the father of Prince Maximilian of Baden, the last Minister President of the Kingdom of Prussia and last Chancellor of the German Empire. Wilhelm was a Prince of Baden, and a member of the House of Zähringen.

neg: Stanisław Leszczyński Stanisław I Leszczyński (] ; also Anglicized and Latinized as Stanislaus I, Lithuanian: "Stanislovas Leščinskis" , French: "Stanislas Leszczynski" ; 20 October 1677 – 23 February 1766) was King of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania, Duke of Lorraine and a count of the Holy Roman Empire.

neg: Frederick Augustus I of Saxony Frederick Augustus I (full name: "Frederick Augustus Joseph Maria Anthony John Nepomuk Aloysius Xavier"; German: "Friedrich August Josef Maria Anton Johann Nepomuk Alois Xavier" ; Polish: "Fryderyk August Józef Maria Antoni Jan Nepomucen Alojzy Ksawery Wettyn" ; 23 December 1750 – 5 May 1827) was King of Saxony (1805–1827) from the House of Wettin. He was also Elector Frederick Augustus III ("Friedrich August III.") of Saxony (1763–1806) and Duke Frederick Augustus I (Polish: "Fryderyk August I" ) of Warsaw (1807–1813).

neg: Battle of Głogów The Battle of Głogów or Defense of Głogów (German: "Schlacht bei Glogau" , Polish: "Obrona Głogowa" ) was fought on 24 August 1109 at the Silesian town of Głogów, between the Kingdom of Poland and the Holy Roman Empire. Recorded by the medieval chronicler Gallus Anonymus it is one of the most well known battles in Polish history. The Polish forces were led by Duke Bolesław III Wrymouth, while the Imperial forces were under command of King Henry V of Germany. Bolesław was victorious.

neg: Bolesław II Rogatka Bolesław II Rogatka or Bolesław II the Horned (Polish: "Bolesław II Rogatka" , known also as Bolesław II the Bald, Polish: "Bolesław II Łysy" ; c. 1220/5 – 26/31 December 1278), a member of the Silesian Piasts, was High Duke of Poland briefly in 1241 and Duke of Silesia at Wrocław from 1241 until 1248, when the duchy was divided between him and his brothers. After the partition, he ruled the Silesian Duchy of Legnica until his death. The second Mongol raid against Poland, led by Nogai Khan, occurred during his reign.

neg: Frederick William I of Prussia Frederick William I (German: "Friedrich Wilhelm I" ) (14 August 1688 – 31 May 1740), known as the 'Soldier King,' was the King in Prussia and Elector of Brandenburg from 1713 until his death, as well as the father of Frederick the Great. He was in personal union the sovereign prince of the principality of Neuchâtel.

neg: Frederick William III of Prussia Frederick William III (German: "Friedrich Wilhelm III" ) (3 August 1770 – 7 June 1840) was king of Prussia from 1797 to 1840. He ruled Prussia during the difficult times of the Napoleonic Wars and the end of the Holy Roman Empire. Steering a careful course between France and her enemies, after a major military defeat in 1806, he eventually and reluctantly joined the coalition against Napoleon in the "Befreiungskriege". Following Napoleon's defeat he was King of Prussia during the Congress of Vienna which assembled to settle the political questions arising from the new, post-Napoleonic order in Europe. He was determined to unify the Protestant churches, to homogenize their liturgy, their organization and even their architecture. The long-term goal was to have fully centralized royal control of all the Protestant churches in the Prussian Union of churches.

neg: Battle of Güstow The Battle of Güstow, also known as the "Battle of Tornow", was a battle during the Pomeranian War in the Seven Years' War fought between Prussia and Sweden near the village in Germany on 18 November 1758. The battle ended with a Prussian victory.

neg: Karl Wilhelm von Dieskau Karl Wilhelm von Dieskau, (9 August 1701–14 August 1777), was a Prussian lieutenant general and general inspector of the artillery. He participated in twelve campaigns, ten battles, nine sieges. He received the Black Eagle Order, the Order Pour le Mérite, and was included in 1851 on the Equestrian statue of Frederick the Great. He is general credited with creating Frederick the Great's vaunted horse artillery.

neg: Frederick V of the Palatinate Frederick V (German: "Friedrich V." ; 26 August 1596 – 29 November 1632) was the Elector Palatine of the Rhine in the Holy Roman Empire from 1610 to 1623, and served as King of Bohemia from 1619 to 1620. He was forced to abdicate both roles, and the brevity of his reign in Bohemia earned him the derisive nickname of "the Winter King" (Czech: "Zimní král"; German: "Winterkönig").


query: Which singer/songwriter was older, Gwen Stefani or Freddie Mercury?

pos: Gwen Stefani Gwen Renée Stefani ( ; born October 3, 1969) is an American singer, songwriter, fashion designer, actress, and television personality. She is a co-founder and the lead vocalist of the band No Doubt that experienced major success after their breakthrough studio album "Tragic Kingdom" (1995) along with various successful singles, including "Just a Girl", "Don't Speak", "Hey Baby", and "It's My Life". During the band's hiatus, Stefani embarked on a solo pop career in 2004 by releasing her debut studio album "Love. Angel. Music. Baby." Inspired by pop music from the 1980s, the album was met with both critical and commercial success. It spawned three commercially successful singles: "What You Waiting For?", "Rich Girl", and "Hollaback Girl", the latter reached number one on the "Billboard" Hot 100 while also becoming the first US download to sell one million copies. In 2006 Stefani released her second studio album "The Sweet Escape". The album produced two successful singles: "Wind It Up" and the album's title track "The Sweet Escape". Her third solo album "This Is What the Truth Feels Like" was released in March 2016 and became her first solo number-one album on the "Billboard" 200.

pos: Freddie Mercury Farrokh "Freddie" Mercury (born Bulsara; 5 September 1946 – 24 November 1991) was a British singer, songwriter and record producer, known as the lead vocalist of the rock band Queen. He was known for his flamboyant stage persona and four-octave vocal range. Mercury wrote numerous hits for Queen, including "Bohemian Rhapsody", "Killer Queen", "Somebody to Love", "Don't Stop Me Now", "Crazy Little Thing Called Love", and "We Are the Champions". He led a solo career while performing with Queen, and occasionally served as a producer and guest musician for other artists.

neg: Mark Mercury Mark Mercury is an American composer. He has arranged, produced, recorded, and composed music since the 1970s.

neg: Long Away "Long Away" is a single by the British rock band Queen; it is the third track on their 1976 album "A Day at the Races". Brian May wrote the song and sings the lead vocals. It is the only single released during Freddie Mercury's lifetime, not to be sung by him.

neg: Peacock (song) "Peacock" is a song by American singer Katy Perry, taken from her third studio album, "Teenage Dream" (2010). Because the song was filled with suggestive lyrics pertaining to male genitalia, Capitol Records initially opposed the idea of including it on her record. Similar to what happened with another song of hers – "I Kissed a Girl" (2008) – she refused to withdraw it from the record. "Peacock" was panned by music critics and, musically, was compared to the 1980s hit "Mickey" by Toni Basil, and Gwen Stefani's "Hollaback Girl" (2005). On March 26, 2012, a remix version was released as promotional single on iTunes.

neg: Hollaback Girl "Hollaback Girl" is a song recorded by American singer Gwen Stefani for her debut solo studio album, "Love. Angel. Music. Baby." (2004). As part of Stefani's vision of creating "a silly dance record", "Hollaback Girl" is a hip hop song that draws influence from 1980s hip hop and dance music. The song was written by Stefani, Pharrell Williams and Chad Hugo, supposedly as a response to Courtney Love's statement that Stefani was a "cheerleader" in an interview with "Seventeen" magazine. The song was released as the album's third single on March 15, 2005, and was one of the year's most popular songs, peaking inside the top 10 on the majority of the charts it entered. It reached number one in Australia and the United States, where it became the first digital download to sell one million copies.

neg: Bohemian Rhapsody "Bohemian Rhapsody" is a song by the British rock band Queen. It was written by Freddie Mercury for the band's 1975 album "A Night at the Opera". It is a six-minute suite, consisting of several sections without a chorus: an intro, a ballad segment, an operatic passage, a hard rock part and a reflective coda. The song is a more accessible take on the 1970s progressive rock genre. It was reportedly the most expensive single ever made at the time of its release, though the exact cost of production cannot be determined.

neg: Mercurana Mercurana is a genus of arboreal frogs belonging to the family Rhacophoridae. The genus was named from the only known species Mercurana myristicapalustris, which was described in 2013 from the Western Ghats of Kerala, India. The generic name was derived from and given as a tribute to Freddie Mercury, the late vocalist of the British rock band Queen, in combination with the Latin name for "frog" ("Rana", which is also the name of the most common frog genus). The frog is different from other related frogs in that it has extensively webbed toes, lives only in swampy lowlands, and lays its eggs on mud with which it carefully mixes leaf litter.

neg: Felix Pappalardi Felix A. Pappalardi Jr. (December 30, 1939 – April 17, 1983) was an American music producer, songwriter, vocalist, and bassist. He is best known to the public as the bassist and vocalist of the band Mountain, whose song "Mississippi Queen" peaked at #21 on the Billboard Hot 100 and has become a classic rock radio staple. Originating in the eclectic music scene in New York's Greenwich Village, he became closely attached to the British power trio Cream, writing, arranging, and producing for their second album "Disraeli Gears". As a producer for Atlantic Records, he worked on several projects with guitarist Leslie West; in 1969 their partnership evolved into the band Mountain. The band lasted less than five years, but their work influenced the first generation of heavy metal and hard rock music. Pappalardi continued to work as a producer, session musician, and songwriter until he was shot and killed by his wife Gail Collins in 1983.

neg: Start a War (song) "Start a War" is an unreleased song recorded by American singer Gwen Stefani. Originally intended for inclusion on her then-upcoming and untitled third studio album, the ballad was written by Stefani and Sia Furler, with Arnthor Birgisson as executive producer. The singer expressed gratitude towards Furler for helping her create the composition. The song was initially meant to serve as a bonus track on a CD maxi single for her 2014 single "Baby Don't Lie", although the distribution was scrapped by Interscope and Mad Love Records. After being registered with a UPC, it was then revealed on Universal Music Group's official website that it would be issued as a standalone digital download on November 9, 2015, which was also cancelled.

neg: Heaven for Everyone "Heaven for Everyone" is a song written by Roger Taylor. It appeared originally in his band's, The Cross, album "Shove It", with Freddie Mercury as a guest vocalist, and it is the album's fourth track. It was reworked with Queen's music and appeared in the 1995 album "Made in Heaven", where it was the seventh track and released as the first single. The song reached number two on the UK Singles Chart. The music video contains footage of Georges Méliès seminal 1902 silent film "A Trip to the Moon".

neg: Michael Gudinski Michael Solomon Gudinski, AM (born 22 August 1952) is an Australian entrepreneur and businessman currently based in Melbourne who is a leading figure in the Australian music industry. Gudinski is mostly known for forming the highly successful Australian record company Mushroom Records in 1972 through whom he signed several generations of Australian musicians and performers ranging from MacKenzie Theory, the Skyhooks, The Choirboys, Kylie Minogue, and New Zealand's Split Enz to newer artists such as Eskimo Joe, Evermore and others forging a string of successful releases by local talent. He is the father of singer Kate Alexa, who has been signed to his record label Liberation Music since mid-2004.

neg: Can I Have It Like That "Can I Have It Like That" is a song performed by rapper Pharrell Williams featuring Gwen Stefani. It was written and produced by Williams for his 2006 debut album "In My Mind", and the song is the opening track. The song's hook comes from a one-line contribution from Stefani, used as part of a call and response in the chorus. "Can I Have It Like That" was released as the album's lead single in October 2005.

neg: Freddie and the Dreamers Freddie and the Dreamers were a British band that had a number of hit records between May 1963 and November 1965. The band's stage act was enlivened by the comic antics of the 5-foot-3-inch-tall (1.60m) Freddie Garrity, who would bounce around the stage with arms and legs flying. The group remained active until December 2000 and a final gig at Margate Winter Gardens. After that date, Garrity was told by his doctor that due to his pulmonary hypertension it was not advisable for him to continue working, and he officially retired from all work in February 2001. He died in Bangor, North Wales, on 19 May 2006.

neg: We Should Be Together (song) "We Should Be Together" is a Christmas-themed song by Cliff Richard. Released as a single in November 1991 in the UK, the song bidded for the Christmas No.1 spot. However the song peaked at the No. 10 position - ultimately being beaten to the festive top spot by the re-release of Queen's "Bohemian Rhapsody" following the death of Freddie Mercury.

neg: Geoffrey Williams Geoffrey Williams is an English singer-songwriter. Williams had a hit with single "Drive" from his album "The Drop" in 1997.

neg: Sam Gray (musician) Sam Gray is a British singer-songwriter from Hull, England, who has composed songs for the actress Abi Phillips from the long-running British soap opera "Hollyoaks", and for "The Voice of Holland" winner Ben Saunders, on his platinum-selling album "If You Don't Know Me by Now".

neg: Goin' Back "Goin' Back" (a.k.a. "Going Back") is a song written by Gerry Goffin and Carole King in 1966. It describes the loss of innocence that comes with adulthood along with an attempt, on the part of the singer, to recapture that youthful innocence. The song has been recorded by many artists, including Dusty Springfield, Goldie Zelkowitz, The Byrds, Elkie Brooks, Deacon Blue, Marianne Faithfull, Bill Drummond (of The KLF), Nils Lofgren, Freddie Mercury (on a Larry Lurex single), The Move, The New Seekers, The Pretenders, Diana Ross, Richard Thompson, Phil Collins, and Bon Jovi as well as by Carole King herself.

neg: Danny Williams (singer) Danny Williams (7 January 1942 – 6 December 2005) was a South African pop singer. Williams earned the nickname, "Britain's Johnny Mathis", for his smooth and stylish way with a ballad. He is best known for singing his UK number 1 version of "Moon River" in 1961 and his US top ten hit, "White on White".

neg: Toni Williams Henry Anthony Williams {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (1938/1939 – 1 October 2016), known professionally as Toni Williams or Antoni Williams, was a Cook Island-born New Zealand pop singer, who began singing at the Gandhi Hall in Auckland City where he became a local sensation.

neg: Gwen Guthrie Gwendolyn "Gwen" Guthrie (July 9, 1950 – February 3, 1999) was an American singer-songwriter and pianist, who also sang backing vocals for Aretha Franklin, Billy Joel, Stevie Wonder, Peter Tosh, and Madonna, among others, and who wrote songs made famous by Ben E. King, Angela Bofill and Roberta Flack.

neg: Phyllis Nelson Phyllis Nelson (October 3, 1950 – January 12, 1998) was an American singer, most famous for her 1985 song, "Move Closer", which topped the charts in the United Kingdom. Her son is the singer and record producer, Marc Nelson.


query: What American horror drama film, based on a 2002 Japanese film on the same name, featured actress Holly Ferguson?

pos: Horsey (1997 film) Horsey is a 1997 Canadian independent film starring Holly Ferguson and Todd Kerns that was directed by Kirsten Clarkson. Described in its tagline as "A Gritty Tale of Love, Ambition, and Addiction", the film was the first film for actors Kerns and Ferguson, as well as for director and writer Kirsten Clarkson. Although Ferguson would go on to act in several other films and TV series (including 2005's "Dark Water"), neither Kerns nor Clarkson would work on another film (as of 2007).

pos: Dark Water (2005 film) Dark Water is a 2005 American horror drama film directed by Walter Salles, starring Jennifer Connelly and Tim Roth. The film is a remake of the 2002 Japanese film of the same name, which is in turn based on the short story "Floating Water" by Koji Suzuki, who also wrote the "Ring" trilogy. The film also stars John C. Reilly, Pete Postlethwaite, Perla Haney-Jardine, Dougray Scott and Ariel Gade.

neg: Maborosi Maborosi, known in Japan as Maboroshi no Hikari (Japanese: 幻の光 , literally "phantasmic light", but best translated as 'a trick of the light') , is a 1995 Japanese drama film by director Hirokazu Koreeda starring Makiko Esumi, Tadanobu Asano, and Takashi Naito. It is based on a novel by Teru Miyamoto.

neg: American Zombie American Zombie is a 2007 American mockumentary horror film directed by Grace Lee, written by Rebecca Sonnenshine and Lee, and starring Lee and John Solomon as documentary filmmakers who investigate a fictional subculture of real-life zombies living in Los Angeles.

neg: Ring (film) Ring (リング , Ringu ) is a 1998 Japanese psychological horror film directed by Hideo Nakata, adapted from the novel "Ring" by Kôji Suzuki, which in turn draws on the Japanese folk tale Banchō Sarayashiki. The film stars Nanako Matsushima, Hiroyuki Sanada, and Rikiya Ōtaka. The film is centered around a reporter who is on the run to investigate the mystery behind a cursed videotape that kills the viewer 7 days after watching it.

neg: Japanese horror Japanese horror is Japanese horror fiction in popular culture, noted for its unique thematic and conventional treatment of the horror genre in light of western treatments. Japanese horror tends to focus on psychological horror and tension building (suspense), particularly involving ghosts and poltergeists, while many contain themes of folk religion such as: possession, exorcism, shamanism, precognition, and yōkai.

neg: Gakidama Gakidama is a 1985 horror film starring Kazuyo Matsui, Kyozo Nagatsuka, and Ichiro Ogura.

neg: A Tale of Two Sisters A Tale of Two Sisters (; lit. "Rose Flower, Red Lotus") is a 2003 South Korean psychological horror-thriller drama film written and directed by Kim Jee-woon. The film is inspired by a Joseon Dynasty era folktale entitled Janghwa Hongryeon jeon, which has been adapted to film several times. The plot focuses on a recently released patient from a mental institution who returns home with her sister, only to face disturbing events between her stepmother and the ghosts haunting their house- all of which are connected to a dark past in the family's history.

neg: Shiver (film) Shiver is a 2003 Hong Kong horror film directed by Billy Chung and starring Francis Ng, Athena Chu, Nick Cheung and Tiffany Lee.

neg: The Forsaken (film) The Forsaken is a 2001 American horror film written and directed by J. S. Cardone, and starring Kerr Smith, Brendan Fehr, Izabella Miko, and Jonathan Schaech. The film follows a young film editor on a cross-country trip who comes across a hitchhiker and a disoriented young woman in the Arizona desert who are connected to a cult of vampires.

neg: Hollyweird (film) Hollyweird is a 1999 film directed by Penelope Spheeris. It is a documentary focusing on the making of "Blood Dolls" and features interviews with many of the people involved with the film. The film has never been released on any video format, although a promotional trailer for the film can be seen on the DVD release of "Blood Dolls".

neg: Ashurajō no Hitomi Ashurajō no Hitomi (阿修羅城の瞳 , "Eye(s) of Asura Castle") is a 2005 Japanese horror film, starring Ichikawa Somegorō VII, Rie Miyazawa and Kanako Higuchi. Directed by Yōjirō Takita, it is a movie adaptation of a 1987 Kazuki Nakashima play set in the 16th century. It has been released on DVD-Video as "Ashura" in United Kingdom by Yume Pictures in 2006 and in the United States by AnimEigo in 2007.

neg: Blood and Donuts Blood and Donuts is a 1995 Canadian horror comedy film directed by Holly Dale, written by Andrew Rai Berzins, and starring Gordon Currie and Helene Clarkson. David Cronenberg plays a cameo role as the local crime boss. The film features a vampire who is accidentally awakened after 25 years of sleep and starts to shyly make contact with the mortal world around him. As he interacts and begins to care for the people around him, he gets mixed up in their problems and they in his.

neg: Phone (film) Phone () is a 2002 South Korean horror film written and directed by Ahn Byeong-ki and starring Ha Ji-won and Kim Yoo-mi. The film is a complex and disturbing love story that involves possession and ghosts.

neg: Jaws in Japan Jaws in Japan (also titled Psycho Shark) is a 2009 Japanese horror film directed by John Hijiri and written by Yasutoshi Murakawa, starring Nonami Takizawa, Airi Nakajima, and Megumi Haruno. Despite its title, the film has no connection with the 1975 Steven Spielberg film "Jaws" in terms of its plot or its production. The film has received negative reviews.

neg: Pythons 2 Pythons 2 (also known as Pythons, released on home media as Python II and sometimes listed in references as Python 2), is a science-fiction/horror film released as a Sci Fi Pictures television film on the Sci Fi Channel. A 2002 sequel to the 2000 film "Python", it stars Billy Zabka, reprising his role as Greg Larson from the first film, Dana Ashbrook and Simmone Jade Mackinnon. Directed by Lee McConnell, it was produced by Jeffery Beach and Phillip Roth for UFO/Unified Film Organization and Python Productions. This film was dedicated to Janine Clark, who died somewhere in 2001.

neg: Crow's Blood Crow's Blood is a Japanese horror suspense drama television miniseries directed by Ryō Nishimura and Joseph White, and starring Mayu Watanabe and Sakura Miyawaki. The first episode premiered on NTV on July 23, 2016, and the rest of the episode is streaming on Hulu Japan.

neg: Kakashi Kakashi (Japanese: 案山子 , lit. Scarecrow) , is a 2001 horror film based on the manga of the same name. The film follows Kaoru Yoshikawa, whose search for her missing brother Tsuyoshi leads her to Kozukata, an isolated village that seems to harbor dark secrets.

neg: My Little Eye My Little Eye is a 2002 British horror film directed by Marc Evans about five adults who agree to spend six months together in an isolated mansion while being filmed at all times. The idea for the film came from reality television shows such as "Big Brother". The title refers to the guessing game I spy.

neg: Inochi Inochi (命 , lit. "life" ) is a 2002 Japanese movie directed by Shinohara Tetsuo starring Esumi Makiko and Etsushi Toyokawa. It is based on a memoir of the same title by the Korean-Japanese author Yu Miri.

neg: Buried Secrets (film) Buried Secrets is a 1996 American drama horror television film directed by Michael Toshiyuki Uno, starring Tiffani-Amber Thiessen.

neg: Blood Work (film) Blood Work is a 2002 American mystery thriller film produced, directed by, and starring Clint Eastwood. The film co-stars Jeff Daniels, Wanda De Jesús, and Anjelica Huston. It is based on the novel of the same name by Michael Connelly.


query: Who wrote a book describing his activities as a Principal Salvage Officer during the invasion of French North Africa?

pos: No Banners, No Bugles No Banners, No Bugles (New York: Dodd, Mead & Company, 1949) is a book by Edward Ellsberg describing his activities as Principal Salvage Officer for Operation Torch during World War II.

pos: Operation Torch Operation Torch (initially called Operation Gymnast) was the British-United States invasion of French North Africa during the North African Campaign of the Second World War which started on 8 November 1942.

neg: A Dying Colonialism A Dying Colonialism (French: "L'An V de la Révolution Algérienne" ) is a 1959 book by Frantz Fanon, in which Fanon provides an account of the Algerian War. The book details cultural and political changes that emerge due to the rejection of French colonial oppression by the Algerian.

neg: Battle of Saint-Lô The Battle of Saint-Lô is one of the three conflicts in the , which took place between July 9–24, 1944, just before Operation Cobra. Saint-Lô had fallen to Germany in 1940, and, after the Invasion of Normandy, the Americans targeted the city, as it served as a strategic crossroads. American bombardments caused heavy damage (up to 95% of the city was destroyed) and a high number of casualties, which resulted in the martyr city being called "The Capital of Ruins", popularized in a report by Samuel Beckett.

neg: Operation Green Sea The Operation Green Sea (Portuguese: "Operação Mar Verde" ) was an amphibious attack on Conakry, the capital of Guinea, by between 350 and 420 Portuguese soldiers and Portuguese-led Guinean fighters in November 1970. The goals of the operation included the overthrow of Ahmed Sékou Touré's government, capture of the leader of the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC), Amílcar Cabral, destruction of the naval and air assets of the PAIGC and its Guinean supporters, and the rescue of Portuguese POWs held in Conakry.

neg: A Bag of Marbles A Bag of Marbles (French: "Un sac de billes" ) is a Second World War autobiographical novel by the French Jewish author Joseph Joffo. It tells the story of his flight, as a small boy, with his brother Maurice to escape from Nazi occupied France to the Zone Libre. Joffo was refused by many publishers before being encouraged by the newly founded publishing house Éditions Jean-Claude Lattès to get the help of an editor to polish the text. The book was a phenomenal best-seller, being made into a major film two years later.

neg: A War of Shadows A War of Shadows is a non-fiction book written by W. Stanley Moss, a British soldier, writer and traveller, best known, together with Patrick Leigh Fermor, for the Kidnap of General Kreipe as described in Moss’s book "Ill Met by Moonlight". Moss recounts his subsequent activities during World War II as agent of the Special Operations Executive (SOE) in Crete, Macedonia (Greece) and Siam (Thailand). The 2014 editions contain an Introduction by one of Moss's children and a short biography, "Billy Moss: Soldier, Writer, Traveller - A Brief Life" by Alan Ogden as an Afterword.

neg: Algiers putsch of 1961 The Algiers putsch (French: "Putsch d'Alger" or "Coup d'État d'Alger" ), also known as the Generals' putsch ("Putsch des généraux"), was a failed coup d'état to overthrow French President Charles de Gaulle and establish a military junta. Organised in French Algeria by retired French army generals Maurice Challe (former commander-in-chief in French Algeria), Edmond Jouhaud (former Inspector General of the French Air Force), André Zeller (former Chief of staff of the French Ground Army) and Raoul Salan (former commander-in-chief in French Algeria), it took place from the afternoon of 21 April to 26 April 1961 in the midst of the Algerian War (1954–62).

neg: Mieczysław Zygfryd Słowikowski Mieczysław Zygfryd Słowikowski (Jazgarzew, near Warsaw, 1896–1989, London), also known as "Rygor-Słowikowski," was a Polish Army officer whose intelligence work in North Africa facilitated Allied preparations for the 1942 Operation Torch landings.

neg: The Tragic Innocents The Tragic Innocents (French: Tarendol ) is a 1946 novel by the French writer René Barjavel. It tells the story of two teenagers, Jean Tarendol and Marie Margherite, who fall in love in occupied France during World War II. The story is set in an imaginary region inspired by the author's native Drôme. The book was published in English in 1948, translated by Eithne Wilkins.

neg: Green Hills of Africa Green Hills of Africa is a 1935 work of nonfiction by American writer Ernest Hemingway. Hemingway's second work of nonfiction, "Green Hills of Africa" is an account of a month on safari he and his wife, Pauline Marie Pfeiffer, took in East Africa during December 1933. "Green Hills of Africa" is divided into four parts: "Pursuit and Conversation", "Pursuit Remembered", "Pursuit and Failure", and "Pursuit as Happiness", each of which plays a different role in the story.

neg: The Flight to France The Flight to France (French: "Le Chemin de France" , 1887) is an adventure novel written by Jules Verne about a fictional French Army Captain Natalis Delpierre, with a setting in the year 1792 just before the French Revolutionary Wars. Several English language editions were published with the subtitle, "The Flight to France; or, The Memoirs of a Dragoon. A Tale of the Day of Dumouriez."

neg: A Balcony in the Forest A Balcony in the Forest (French: "Un balcon en forêt" ) is a 1958 novel by the French writer Julien Gracq. It tells the story of a French lieutenant, Grange, who is assigned to an old fortified building in the forest of the Ardennes in the autumn of 1939, where he waits at the outbreak of World War II together with a few men.

neg: Dunkirk evacuation The Dunkirk evacuation, code-named Operation Dynamo and also known as the Miracle of Dunkirk, was the evacuation of Allied soldiers during World War II from the beaches and harbour of Dunkirk, in the north of France, between 26 May and 4 June 1940.

neg: Invasion of Isle de France The Invasion of Isle de France was a complicated but successful amphibious operation in the Indian Ocean, launched in November 1810 during the Napoleonic Wars. During the operation, a substantial British military force was landed by the Royal Navy at Grand Baie on Isle de France (now Mauritius). Marching inland against weak French opposition, the British force was able to overwhelm the defenders in a series of minor engagements, culminating in the capture of the island's capital Port Napoleon and the surrender of Charles Decaen, the French governor. The surrender eliminated the last French territory in the Indian Ocean and among the military equipment captured were five French Navy frigates and 209 heavy cannon. Isle de France was retained by Britain at the end of the war under the name of Mauritius and remained part of the British Empire until 1968.

neg: Flight to Arras Flight to Arras (French: Pilote de guerre ) is a memoir by French author Antoine de Saint-Exupéry. Written in 1942, it recounts his role in the Armée de l'Air (French Air Force) as pilot of a reconnaissance plane during the Battle of France in 1940.

neg: Marius Gabriel Cazemajou Marius-Gabriel Cazemajou (10 December 1864 – 5 May 1898) was a French officer who died during an expedition in West Africa.

neg: Charles Mast Emmanuel Charles Mast (7 January 1889 – 30 September 1977) was a major general who participated in the liberation of North Africa in 1942 and was Resident General of France in Tunisia between 1943 and 1947.

neg: Normandy landings The Normandy landings (codenamed Operation Neptune) were the landing operations on Tuesday, 6 June 1944 (termed D-Day) of the Allied invasion of Normandy in Operation Overlord during World War II. The largest seaborne invasion in history, the operation began the liberation of German-occupied northwestern Europe from Nazi control, and contributed to the Allied victory on the Western Front.

neg: Leonard Lomell Leonard G. “Bud” Lomell (January 22, 1920 – March 1, 2011) was a highly decorated former United States Army Ranger who served in World War II. He is best known for his actions in the first hours of D-Day at Pointe du Hoc on the coast of Normandy, France. Pointe du Hoc was the site of the German Army’s largest coastal weapons, five 155-millimeter German guns with a 25-kilometer range that endangered the tens of thousands of troops landing on Omaha Beach and Utah Beach, and thousands of watercraft in the English Channel supporting the Normandy invasion. Unbeknownst to the Allied intelligence, the Germans had concealed the guns in an orchard, but left them operational and ready to fire. Through skill, courage and “pure luck,” Lomell found and quickly disabled all five guns. Lomell was recognized by historian Stephen Ambrose as the single individual — other than Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower — most responsible for the success of D-Day. Six months later, in the Battle of Hürtgen Forest, he would again distinguish himself, earning a Silver Star for his heroism and leadership as the 2nd Ranger Battalion captured and held Hill 400. After the war he returned to Ocean County, New Jersey, becoming an attorney in Toms River.

neg: Roger Trinquier Roger Trinquier (20 March 1908 – 11 January 1986) was a French Army officer during World War II, the First Indochina War and the Algerian War, serving mainly in airborne and special forces units. He was also a counter-insurgency theorist, mainly with his book "Modern Warfare".

neg: Invasion of Algiers (1775) The Invasion of Algiers was a massive amphibious attempt in July 1775 by the Spanish to seize the city of Algiers. King Charles III ordered an invasion of Algiers led by Alexander O'Reilly, who commanded a combined military and naval expedition of nearly fifty ships and more than twenty thousand troops. The assault was a spectacular failure and the campaign proved a humiliating blow to the Spanish military revival.


query: What is the name of the 60.3 acre parcel park and has the oldest oldest surviving building in the summit area of Mount Washington?

pos: Tip-Top House The Tip-Top House is a historic former hotel in Mount Washington State Park in Sargent's Purchase, New Hampshire, United States. Built in 1853, it is the oldest surviving building in the summit area of Mount Washington, and is believed by the state to be the oldest extant mountain-top hostelry in the world. It features exhibits concerning the mountain's history. Located near the modern summit building and other visitor facilities, it is open for a fee to visitors from early May to early October. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

pos: Mount Washington State Park Mount Washington State Park is a 60.3 acre parcel perched on the summit of Mount Washington, the highest peak in the northeastern United States. Summer seasonal amenities include a cafeteria, restrooms, gift shops, the Mount Washington Observatory and its museum. The historic Tip Top House is located adjacent to the summit building and is open (small fee) to visitors from early May to early October. The park is accessible by the Mount Washington Auto Road, the Mount Washington Cog Railway, the Appalachian Trail, or numerous other hiking trails from surrounding trailheads including Pinkham Notch, Crawford Notch and the Cog Railway base station.

neg: Morris–Jumel Mansion The Morris–Jumel Mansion, also known as the Roger and Mary Philipse Morris House, "Mount Morris" and other similar names, located at 65 Jumel Terrace in Roger Morris Park in the Washington Heights neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City, is the oldest house in the borough. It was built in 1765 by Roger Morris, a British military officer, and served as a headquarters for both sides in the American Revolution.

neg: Hubbard Park (Montpelier, Vermont) Hubbard Park is a 194 acre located to the north of the Vermont State House in Montpelier, Vermont. The park features approximately 7 miles of hiking and skiing trails, a soccer and ball field, picnic areas, a sledding hill, seven fireplaces, two sheltered pavilions, and a historic 54-foot high observation tower that was built between 1915-1930. The tower was listed on the Vermont State Historic Register on March 15, 1990.

neg: Mount Washington Alpine Resort Mount Washington Alpine Resort is an alpine skiing ski resort located on Mount Washington on the eastern edge of the Vancouver Island Ranges in British Columbia, Canada. The nearest communities are those in the Comox Valley, a 3–3.5 hour drive North from the capital of Victoria, British Columbia.

neg: Mount Fremont Fire Lookout The Mount Fremont Fire Lookout is a fire lookout in the northern region of Mount Rainier National Park at an elevation above 7000 ft , the highest in the park. One of four fire lookouts remaining in the park, the lookout is used for visitor services during summer weekends. The building is about 14 by , and was designed by the National Park Service Branch of Plans and designs under the supervision of Acting Chief Architect Edwin A. Nickel. It was built in 1933. The two-story structure features a balconied lookout on the second level, with storage on the ground level. Cables secured to deadmen keep the lookout from blowing over. The Park Service was assisted during construction by the Emergency Conservation Works Association.

neg: Lookout Mountain Park Lookout Mountain Park is a Denver Mountain Park located around 12 mi west of downtown Denver overlooking Golden, Colorado. It consists of 65.7 acre of evergreen wilderness atop Lookout Mountain, named for its being a favored lookout point of the native Ute Indian tribe. Lookout Mountain Park is the burial site of the internationally famous western frontiersman William Frederick "Buffalo Bill" Cody, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

neg: Timberline Lodge ski area Timberline Lodge ski area is the ski and snowboarding area of Timberline Lodge, a National Historic Landmark in the U.S. state of Oregon. It is one of a few ski areas in the United States with most of the skiable terrain below the main lodge. It is located on the south face of Mount Hood, about 60 miles (95 km) east of Portland, accessible via the Mount Hood Scenic Byway.

neg: Sehome Hill Arboretum Sehome (Lummi: "six̠ʷóm"), also called Sehome Hill, is a forested hill in Bellingham, Washington. The Sehome Hill Arboretum is an 180 acre park of second growth forest is located on the hill, adjacent to the campus of Western Washington University. Though called an arboretum, the hilly expanse atop Sehome is not consciously planted as an exhibit of tree species, but naturally wooded and rich in the plant species (both native and nonnative) typical of the region. The arboretum is jointly managed by both the university and the city. Its care is overseen by the Sehome Arboretum Board of Governors, composed of city employees, university employees, university students, and city residents. The park offers students and city dwellers over 5 miles (8 km) of public trails for walking and running and, in some areas, bicycling. Unique features of the park include an 80 ft wooden observation tower atop Sehome, with aerial views of Bellingham Bay to the south. There is also a large tunnel, hand cut into rock in 1923, originally used for car traffic in the early 1900s. Its tall, thin shape shows its creation for cars like Model T Fords of the day. Cars are no longer allowed in the tunnel and it is part of a trail along which hikers can walk.

neg: Seward Park (Seattle) Seward Park is a municipal park which covers 300 acre . It is located in southeast Seattle, Washington, U.S.A in the neighborhood of the same name. The park occupies all of Bailey Peninsula, a forested peninsula that juts into Lake Washington. It contains one of the last surviving tracts of old-growth forest within the city of Seattle. The park is named for U.S. Secretary of State William Seward.

neg: Snoqualmie Mountain Snoqualmie Mountain is the tallest peak in the immediate vicinity of Snoqualmie Pass in the North Cascade Range of Washington state, U.S. Its shape is often described as "amorphous" or "blob-like", although it does display a steep north face dropping down to the Middle Fork of the Snoqualmie River. The boundary of the Alpine Lakes Wilderness crosses the summit of Snoqualmie Mountain.

neg: President's Park President's Park, located in Washington, D.C., encompasses the White House, a visitor center, Lafayette Square, and The Ellipse. President's Park was the original name of Lafayette Square. The current President's Park is administered by the National Park Service.

neg: Strathcona Provincial Park Strathcona Provincial Park is the oldest provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, and the largest on Vancouver Island. Founded in 1911, the park was named for Donald Alexander Smith, 1st Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal, a wealthy philanthropist and railroad pioneer. It lies within the Strathcona Regional District. The Clayoquot Sound Biosphere Reserve, established in 2000, includes three watersheds in the western area of the park.

neg: Mount Jefferson State Natural Area Mount Jefferson State Natural Area is a 1086 acre North Carolina state park in Ashe County, North Carolina in the United States. Located near Jefferson, North Carolina, it includes the peak of Mount Jefferson, named for Thomas Jefferson, who owned land nearby.

neg: Mount Adams Recreation Area The Mount Adams Recreation Area is a 21000 acre recreation area in the U.S. state of Washington managed by the Yakama Nation Wildlife Program. The area encompasses an ecologically complex and geologically active landscape. The region features the most rugged side of Mount Adams, including canyons and the Great Gap section of the Mount Adams circumnavigation route, a three-mile trail-less section over two great canyons and many difficult glacial creeks. At 12276 ft , Mount Adams is one of the major Cascade mountains. The recreation area is on the east side of the mountain and is part of the Yakima Indian Reservation and includes the popular Bird Creek Meadows area.

neg: Mount Logan (Washington) Mount Logan (9087 ft ) is located in North Cascades National Park in the U.S. state of Washington. Mount Logan is in a remote location of North Cascades National Park that requires hiking 20 mi from a trailhead to reach the peak. The mountain itself is not a difficult climb, though the easiest approaches require traversing glaciers and ropes are recommended. The peak supports three glaciers including Banded Glacier to the north, Fremont Glacier to the southwest and Douglas Glacier on the southeast slopes.

neg: Mount Helena City Park Mount Helena City Park is a 620 acre park in Helena, Montana. The park encompasses Mount Helena which rises 5468 ft above sea level, overlooking the city of Helena 1300 ft below. The park includes six trails up and around the mountain, some of which connect to other trails in nearby Helena National Forest. Other trails go to the cave nicknamed "Devil's Kitchen", to the big letter "H" on the side of the mountain (the "H" was repainted April 2015 for the first time since 2008) overlooking the city, and to the summit of the mountain. The park is free of admission and is maintained by the City of Helena and local conservation and recreation groups from the Helena area.

neg: Mount Pleasant, Washington, D.C. Mount Pleasant is a neighborhood in the northwestern quadrant of Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States. The neighborhood is bounded by Rock Creek Park to the north and west; and Harvard Street, NW, and the Adams Morgan neighborhood to the south; and Sixteenth Street, NW, and the Columbia Heights neighborhood to the east. The neighborhood is home to about 10,000 people.

neg: Mount Olympus (Washington) Mount Olympus, at 7,980 feet, is the tallest and most prominent mountain in the Olympic Mountains of western Washington state. Located on the Olympic Peninsula, it is the central feature of Olympic National Park. Mount Olympus is the highest summit of the Olympic Mountains; however, peaks such as Mount Constance, on the eastern margin of the range, are more visible from the Seattle metropolitan area. With notable local relief, Mount Olympus ascends over 2100 m from the 293 m elevation confluence of the Hoh River with Glacier Creek in only 8.8 km . Mount Olympus has 2386 m of prominence, ranking 5th in the state of Washington.

neg: Schmitz Park (Seattle) Schmitz Park, also known as Schmitz Preserve Park, is a 53.1 acre park around 15 blocks east of Alki Point in West Seattle, Washington. It features Schmitz Park Creek and one of the last stands of old-growth forest in the city.

neg: Mount Larrabee Mount Larrabee is a Skagit Range mountain situated 1.4 mile south of the Canada–United States border, in the North Cascades of Washington state. It is located immediately southeast of American Border Peak within the Mount Baker Wilderness, which is part of the Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest, and near North Cascades National Park. It is notable for its reddish coloring caused by oxidation of Iron in the rock. The rock consists of reddish interbedded and interfolded phyllites and greenstone. Originally known as Red Mountain, the name was changed in 1951 to honor Charles F. Larrabee of the prominent Larrabee family of Bellingham, Washington.

neg: Maryhill State Park Maryhill State Park is a 99 acre Washington state park in Klickitat County with 4700 ft of shoreline on the Columbia River. The Maryhill Stonehenge, a full-scale concrete replica of Stonehenge, stands on a bluff not far from the park. Park activities include camping, hiking, boating, fishing, swimming, waterskiing, beachcombing, birdwatching, wildlife viewing, and horseshoes.


query: What does Michael Schneider, Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, and Georg Philipp Telemann have in common?

pos: Michael Schneider (conductor) Michael Schneider (born 10 August 1953 in Nordhorn) is a German flautist, recorder player, conductor and academic teacher. He is especially connected with later Baroque repertoire such as the works of Telemann and with early Classical repertoire such as the works of Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, and founded the orchestra La Stagione to perform and record such repertoire.

pos: Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach (8 March 1714 – 14 December 1788), also formerly spelled Karl Philipp Emmanuel Bach, was a German Classical period musician and composer, the fifth child and second (surviving) son of Johann Sebastian Bach and Maria Barbara Bach. His second name was given in honor of his godfather Georg Philipp Telemann, a friend of Johann Sebastian Bach.

neg: Bernhard Romberg Bernhard Heinrich Romberg (November 13, 1767 – August 13, 1841), was a German cellist and composer.

neg: Michael Stöckigt Michael Stöckigt (born 1957) is a German composer and pianist. His father is the famous East German pianist Siegfried Stöckigt. In 1973 Michael Stöckigt became a master student in composition of Günter Kochan at the Berlin College of Music "Hanns Eisler". He was awarded in Australia, Austria (International Composition Competition, 1981) and Italy. Today he is a docent in Berlin and at the University of Music and Theatre in Rostock. As a pianist he performed in France, Syria and the Netherlands. He composes for musicians such as the Ensemble Sortisatio.

neg: Andreas Berger (composer) Andreas Berger (1584–1656) was a German composer whose works featured in the collection of J. S. Bach. He was the son-in-law of the English emigre musician William Brade.

neg: Sieg der Schönheit Gensericus oder Sieg der Schönheit TVWV 21:10 (Hamburg 1722 and Braunschweig) is a comic German-language opera in three acts by Georg Philipp Telemann. It was performed at the Oper am Gänsemarkt, while Keiser was director. Unlike "Orpheus" and "Flavius Bertaridus", the opera contains no Italian-language set piece arias. The librettist was Christian Heinrich Postel.

neg: Christoph Straus Christoph Straus (1575–1631) was an Austrian composer, cantor and organist. His church music includes polyphonic pieces and polychoral Masses, including a notable Requiem for high and low choirs. Although his textures were, by current standards, old-fashioned at the time, his word painting proves his acquaintance with the newest Italian music. He was employed as Court composer by Emperor Ferdinand II from 1616 to 1620 and rose to the post of Kapellmeister in St Stephen's Cathedral. He wrote 36 motets (published in 1613) and 16 surviving masses (1631). His later compositions require a wide variety of orchestral colours.

neg: Gottfried Heinrich Bach Gottfried Heinrich Bach (26 February 1724 – 12 February 1763) was the firstborn son of Johann Sebastian Bach by his second wife Anna Magdalena Wilcke. He was born in Leipzig, where his parents had moved the year before his birth.

neg: Johann Christoph Bach Johann Christoph Bach (6 December 1642 – 31 March 1703) was a German composer and organist of the Baroque period. He was born at Arnstadt, the son of Heinrich Bach, Johann Sebastian Bach's great uncle, hence he was Johann Sebastian's first cousin once removed. He was also the uncle of Maria Barbara Bach, J.S. Bach's first wife.

neg: Christian Müller (organ builder) Christian Müller (spelled also Christiaan; Sankt Andreasberg, 4 February 1690 - Amsterdam, 8 March 1763) was a Dutch organ builder, born in the Lower Saxony part of Germany. He is renowned for building the great organ in the Grote Kerk, Haarlem, which at the time was deemed as the largest organ in the world; its reputation has been amplified by the fact that several composers have performed on it over the centuries, including Georg Friedrich Handel and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.

neg: Joachim Stutschewsky Joachim-Yehoyachin Stutschewsky, (Hebrew: יהויכין סטוצ'בסקי  , Russian: Иоахим Стучевский , b. 7 February 1891, Romni (Ukrainian: Romny ), "guberniya" of Poltava, Ukraine - d. 14 November 1982, Tel Aviv, Israel) was a Ukraine-born Austrian and Israeli cellist, composer, musicologist.

neg: John Schneider (guitarist) John Schneider (born 1950) is an American classical guitarist. He performs in just intonation and well-temperament, including Pythagorean tuning, including works by Lou Harrison, LaMonte Young, John Cage, and Harry Partch. He often arranges pieces for guitar and other instruments such as harp or percussion.

neg: Cantata Cycle 1716-1717 (Telemann) The Cantata Cycle 1716-1717 (also known as the Concertante Cycle) is a series of cantatas written by Georg Philipp Telemann while he was Frankfurt's Director of Municipal Music. In addition to composing music for civic occasions, he conducted and composed for several churches in the city, including the Katharinenkirche and the Barfüßerkirche where he was Kapellmeister. During his time in Frankfurt (1712–1721), he composed five new year-long cycles of sacred music for the Sundays and holy days of the ecclesiastical calendar. He also completed several cycles which he had begun earlier in Eisenach where he had been the leader of the court singers. After taking up his post in Hamburg in 1721, he continued to supply Frankfurt with cantata cycles — one complete cycle every three years, as part of an arrangement to maintain his citizenship of that city.

neg: Hermann Kotzschmar Johann Carl Hermann Kotzschmar (July 4, 1829 – April 15, 1908) was a German-American musician, conductor, and composer.

neg: Johann Sebastian Bach Johann Sebastian Bach (31 March [O.S. 21 March] 1685 28 July 1750) was a German composer and musician of the Baroque period. He is known for instrumental compositions such as the "Brandenburg Concertos" and the "Goldberg Variations", and vocal music such as the "St Matthew Passion" and the Mass in B minor. Since the 19th-century Bach Revival he has been generally regarded as one of the greatest composers of all time.

neg: Karl Michael Ziehrer Karl Michael Ziehrer (also spelled as Carl Michael Ziehrer) (2 May 1843 – 14 November 1922) was an Austrian composer. In his lifetime, he was one of the fiercest rivals of the Strauss family; most notably Johann Strauss II and Eduard Strauss.

neg: Bernhard Cossmann Bernhard Cossmann (17 May 1822 – 7 May 1910) was a German cellist. Born in Dessau, he first studied under Theodore Muller. During his life, he worked for the Grand Opera in Paris and became acquainted with Franz Liszt, with whom he went to Weimar. In 1866, Cossmann was appointed professor of cello studies at the Moscow Conservatory. However, in 1878, Cossmann helped found the Hoch Conservatory in Frankfurt, where he occupied the post of teacher of cello.

neg: Georg Schneider Georg Schneider (March 25, 1909–June 10, 1970) was a German biologist, KPD/SED functionary, and university lecturer in Jena.

neg: Heinrich Reimann Professor Dr. phil. Heinrich Reimann (March 12, 1850 – May 24, 1906), was a German musicologist, organist, and composer.

neg: Philipp Dulichius Philipp Dulichius (also "Deulich, Deilich, Teilich, Dulich, Dulichs") (18 December 1562 – 24 March 1631) was a German composer.

neg: Gotthold Reimann Immanuel Gotthold Reimann RAM, CMB (13 January 1859 – 19 March 1932), generally known as I. G. Reimann or Gotthold Reimann, was a South Australian musician and teacher of music. He founded the Adelaide College of Music, which became the Elder Conservatorium.

neg: Passions (Telemann) Between 1716 and 1767, Georg Philipp Telemann wrote a series of Passions, musical compositions reflecting on Christ's Passion – the physical, spiritual and mental suffering of Jesus from the hours prior to his trial through to his crucifixion. The works were written for performance in German churches in the days before Easter. A prolific composer, Telemann wrote over 40 "Passions" for the churches of Hamburg alone, of which 22 have survived according to the present state of research. He also wrote several Passion oratorios. Unlike the "Passions" intended for liturgical performance, they were not closely set to the literal text of the Gospels.


query: Cognitive activism is participated in by the activist known for shaping which Newt Gingrich proposal?

pos: Cognitive activism Cognitive activism is a type of activism that aims to bring about social change by evolving the way we think about things, often by reframing debates or redefining terms. Frank Luntz and George Lakoff are exemplary cognitive activists, although most activists participate in cognitive activism to some degree.

pos: Frank Luntz Frank I. Luntz (born February 23, 1962) is an American political consultant, pollster, and "public opinion guru" best known for developing talking points and other messaging for various Republican causes. His work has included assistance with messaging for Newt Gingrich's Contract with America, and public relations support for pro-Israel policies in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. He advocated use of vocabulary crafted to produce a desired effect; including use of the term "death tax" instead of "estate tax," and "climate change" instead of "global warming."

neg: Rosemarie Tong Rosemarie "Rosie" Tong is an American feminist philosopher. The co-author, along with Tina Fernandes Botts, of "Feminist Thought: A More Comprehensive Introduction," fifth edition (Westview 2017), an overview of the major traditions of feminist theory, she is the Emeritus Distinguished Professor of Health Care Ethics in the Department of Philosophy at the University of North Carolina, Charlotte. Tong's research is focused on ethical issues in long-term care, cognitive enhancement and genetics. She has been recognized for contributions to bioethics, health care reform, genetic and reproductive technology, and the implications of caregiving for parents and children, a role performed primarily by women.

neg: Bella Abzug Bella Savitsky Abzug (July 24, 1920 – March 31, 1998), nicknamed "Battling Bella", was an American lawyer, U.S. Representative, social activist and a leader of the Women's Movement. In 1971, Abzug joined other leading feminists such as Gloria Steinem, Shirley Chisholm, and Betty Friedan to found the National Women's Political Caucus.

neg: David Cobb David Keith Cobb (born December 24, 1962) is an American attorney, liberal political activist, campaign manager, and politician, who was the Green Party presidential candidate for the 2004 election. Cobb is also the co-founder of Move to Amend. Cobb later became the campaign manager for fellow Green Jill Stein for her presidential run in 2016.

neg: Leave Us Alone Coalition The Leave Us Alone Coalition is an idea popularized by conservative/libertarian activist Grover Norquist for a wide-ranging and loose collaboration among various elements of U.S. politics, united by a common desire for minimal involvement with and restrictions from government, especially the U.S. federal government. There is no actual organization by this name. Rather, it is a description of a hoped-for reality of cooperation between social conservatives, right-libertarians / free market supporters, and various single-issue voters, such as gun rights supporters.

neg: Gary Cohen (health advocate) Gary Cohen is an American environmental activist and health advocate. He was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship in 2015.

neg: Roy Innis Roy Emile Alfredo Innis (June 6, 1934 – January 8, 2017) was an American activist and politician. He had been National Chairman of the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) since his election to the position in 1968.

neg: Joseph Gaylord Joseph Gaylord is a political consultant formerly closely linked to former U.S. Representative and Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich. He was executive director of the National Republican Congressional Committee in the mid-1980s and worked for GOPAC, a political action committee which was "Gingrich's main vehicle for the long campaign that in 1994 resulted in the Republican takeover of the House after years of Democratic domination." Gaylord was one of the people behind the Contract With America that won the Republican Party control of the United States Congress in the 1994 midterm elections.

neg: Contract from America The Contract from America was the idea of Houston-based attorney Ryan Hecker. Hecker states that he developed the concept of creating a grassroots call for reform prior to the April 15, 2009 Tax Day Tea Party rallies. To get his idea off the ground, he launched a website which encouraged people to offer possible planks for the contract. Hecker told the "New York Times", "Hundreds of thousands of people voted for their favorite principles online to create the Contract as an open-sourced platform for the Tea Party movement. The agenda had the imprint of everyday citizens every step of the way (in the online voting process)." Hecker said the Republicans’ 1994 Contract with America represented the nation’s last intellectual economic conservative movement, but the new list, he said, was “created from the bottom up. It was not crafted in Washington with the help of pollsters."

neg: Charles Murray (political scientist) Charles Alan Murray ( ; born January 8, 1943) is an American Libertarian, political scientist, author, and columnist. His book "Losing Ground: American Social Policy 1950–1980" (1984), which discussed the American welfare system, was widely read and discussed, and influenced subsequent government policy. He became well-known for his controversial book "The Bell Curve" (1994), written with Richard Herrnstein, in which he argues that intelligence is a better predictor than parental socio-economic status or education level of many individual outcomes including income, job performance, pregnancy out of wedlock, and crime, and that social welfare programs and education efforts to improve social outcomes for the disadvantaged are largely wasted.

neg: To Save America To Save America: Stopping Obama's Secular-Socialist Machine is a 2010 non-fiction book by former Speaker of the House and conservative activist Newt Gingrich, offering a critical view of supposed secular and socialist influences on American liberalism and the Democratic Party. It was a "New-York Times" bestseller.

neg: Margaret Rhee Margaret Rhee is a feminist poet, new media artist, and scholar. Her research focuses on technology, and intersections with feminist, queer, and ethnic studies. She has a special interest on digital participatory action research and pedagogy. Her scholarship has been published at "Amerasia Journal", "Information Society", and "Sexuality Research and Social Policy". As a digital activist and new media artist she is co-lead and conceptualist of From the Center a feminist HIV/AIDS digital storytelling education project implemented in the San Francisco Jail. For this project, she was awarded the Chancellor’s Award in Public Service from UC Berkeley and the Yamashita Prize Honorable Mention for young activists by the Center for Social Change. She currently serves on the board of directors for social justice organizations, DataCenter and the Queer Women of Color Media Arts Project.

neg: Heather Zichal Heather R. Zichal (born February 8, 1976) is the former Deputy Assistant to the President for Energy and Climate Change, serving in the Barack Obama administration starting in 2009. Following the early 2011 departure of Carol Browner from the administration, Zichal gained the general responsibility of coordinating the administration's energy and climate policy and was an architect of what became the administration's politically controversial Clean Power Plan. Zichal previously served as a legislative director and campaign advisor to several Democratic Party congressional members. In November 2013 she left the administration and became a private consultant and a fellow at the Atlantic Council.

neg: Americans for Tax Reform Americans for Tax Reform (ATR) is a politically conservative U.S. taxpayer advocacy group whose stated goal is "a system in which taxes are simpler, flatter, more visible, and lower than they are today." According to ATR, "The government's power to control one's life derives from its power to tax. We believe that power should be minimized." The organization is known for its "Taxpayer Protection Pledge", which asks candidates for federal and state office to commit themselves in writing to oppose all tax increases. The founder and president of ATR is Grover Norquist, a conservative tax activist.

neg: Tom Hoefling Thomas Conrad "Tom" Hoefling (born December 20, 1960) is an American activist and politician. He is the founder and national chairman of America's Party and was the party's 2012 and 2016 presidential nominee. Hoefling has served as political director for Alan Keyes' political group America's Revival, and as a representative for the American Conservative Coalition.

neg: CJ Pearson Coreco “CJ" Pearson (born July 31, 2002) is an American political activist and commentator, and freelance journalist. He has made appearances on television and on YouTube, with his publications seen in a variety of online news sources.

neg: Joseph F. McCormick Joseph Francis McCormick Jr. is a former American political candidate, political activist, transpartisan organizer and innovator, author and public speaker.

neg: Angela Rye Angela Rye (born October 26, 1979) is an American attorney and the Principal and CEO of IMPACT Strategies, a political advocacy firm in Washington, DC. She is a political commentator on CNN and an NPR political analyst.

neg: Giovanna Negretti Giovanna Negretti is an American activist.

neg: Jerry Taylor Jerome Cogburn "Jerry" Taylor (born August 2, 1962) is an American environmental activist and policy analyst.

neg: Richard Gingras Richard Gingras is an American Internet executive and entrepreneur, who has focussed on emerging digital media since 1979, including efforts at Google, Apple Computer, Salon Media Group and the Public Broadcasting Service. Gingras has been an outspoken proponent for journalistic innovation on the Internet.


query: When John P. Buchanan was governor of Tennessee a labor uprising took place in which county ?

pos: John P. Buchanan John Price Buchanan (October 24, 1847May 14, 1930) was an American politician and farmers' advocate. He served as Governor of Tennessee from 1891 to 1893, and was president of the Tennessee Farmers' Alliance and Laborers' Union in the late 1880s. Buchanan's lone term as governor was largely marred by the Coal Creek War, an armed uprising by coal miners aimed at ending the state's convict lease system.

pos: Coal Creek War The Coal Creek War was an early 1890s armed labor uprising in the southeastern United States that took place primarily in Anderson County, Tennessee. This labor conflict ignited during 1891 when coal mine owners in the Coal Creek watershed began to remove and replace their company-employed, private coal miners then on the payroll with convict laborers leased out by the Tennessee state prison system.

neg: Liberia, North Carolina Liberia is an unincorporated community in Warren County, North Carolina, United States. The community is located at the junction of North Carolina Highway 43 and North Carolina Highway 58, which connect Rocky Mount and Wilson respectively to the county seat at Warrenton. A predominantly African-American community, Liberia was founded after the Civil War; it was named for the African nation of Liberia, where many freed slaves migrated to after the war.

neg: Nash County, North Carolina Nash County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2010 census, the population was 95,840. Its county seat is Nashville.

neg: Fort Defiance, Tennessee Fort Defiance (formerly also known as Fort Sevier and Fort Bruce) was a fort built during the American Civil War at Clarksville, Tennessee, on the Cumberland River. It changed hands several times during the war, and is now preserved by the city administration.

neg: Norris Dam Norris Dam is a hydroelectric and flood control structure located on the Clinch River in Anderson County and Campbell County, Tennessee, United States. Its construction in the mid-1930s was the first major project for the Tennessee Valley Authority, which had been created in 1933 to bring economic development to the region and control the rampant flooding that had long plagued the Tennessee Valley. The dam was named in honor of Nebraska Senator George Norris (1861–1944), a longtime supporter of government-owned power in general, and supporter of TVA in particular. The project infrastructure was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016.

neg: Henry County, Tennessee Henry County is a county located on the northwestern border of the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2010 census, the population was 32,330. Its county seat is Paris. The county is named for the Virginia orator Patrick Henry.

neg: Henning, Tennessee Henning is a town in Lauderdale County, Tennessee. The population was 945 at the 2010 census.

neg: Westmoreland, Tennessee Westmoreland is a town in Sumner County, Tennessee. The population was 2,093 at the 2000 census and 2,206 at the 2010 census. The town name originates from the historic English county "Westmorland", now part of Cumbria.

neg: Powhatan Gordon Major Powhatan Gordon (1802-1879) was an American farmer and politician. He served in the Tennessee Senate in 1842 and 1845. During his tenure, he proposed a bill for the creation of Lewis County, Tennessee. By 1854, his bid for Congress as a member of the Know Nothing party was unsuccessful.

neg: History of Knoxville, Tennessee The History of Knoxville, Tennessee, began with the establishment of James White's Fort on the Trans-Appalachian frontier in 1786. The fort was chosen as the capital of the Southwest Territory in 1790, and the city, named for Secretary of War Henry Knox, was platted the following year. Knoxville became the first capital of the State of Tennessee in 1796, and grew steadily during the early 19th century as a way station for westward-bound migrants and as a commercial center for nearby mountain communities. The arrival of the railroad in the 1850s led to a boom in the city's population and commercial activity.

neg: Battle of Parker's Cross Roads The Battle of Parker's Cross Roads was fought on December 31, 1862, in Henderson County, Tennessee, during the American Civil War.

neg: Free Hill, Tennessee Free Hill (also called Free Hills) is an unincorporated community in Clay County, Tennessee, United States. It is an African American community established in 1816, before the Civil War.

neg: Bledsoe County, Tennessee Bledsoe County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2010 census, the population was 12,876. Its county seat is Pikeville.

neg: Turnersville, Tennessee Turnersville is an unincorporated community in Robertson County, Tennessee, United States.

neg: Wheatlands (Sevierville, Tennessee) Wheatlands is an antebellum plantation in Sevier County, in the U.S. state of Tennessee. The plantation's surviving structures— which include the plantation house, a storage shed, and smokehouse— have been placed on the National Register of Historic Places. The plantation house has been called "the best example of a Federal-style building remaining in Sevier County."

neg: Knox County, Tennessee Knox County is a county in the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2010 census, the population was 432,226, making it the third-most populous county in Tennessee. Its county seat is Knoxville, the third-most populous city in Tennessee.

neg: Mason County, Kentucky slave pen The Mason County, Kentucky slave pen played a very important role in the American slave trade, confining slaves who were intended to go farther south for sale. This slave pen was recovered from a farm in Mason County, Kentucky, United States, which was owned by a slave trader named John W. Anderson, who played a significant part within the American domestic slave trade. Anderson bought his farmstead in 1825, and after several years he and his family built a mansion and converted the old house into slave quarters. In the early 1830s, he converted the slave quarters into a slave pen.

neg: Bledsoe's Station Bledsoe's Station, also known as Bledsoe's Fort, was an 18th-century, fortified, frontier, white settlement located in what is now Castalian Springs, Sumner County, Tennessee. The fort was built by long hunter and Sumner County pioneer Isaac Bledsoe (c. 1735–1793) in the early 1780s to protect Upper Cumberland settlers and migrants from hostile Native American attacks. While the fort is no longer standing, its location has been verified by archaeological excavations. The site is now part of Bledsoe's Fort Historical Park, a public park established in 1989 by Sumner County residents and Bledsoe's descendants.

neg: Hamilton-Tolliver Complex The Hamilton-Tolliver complex is a historic district in Union County, Tennessee, that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

neg: Spencer, Tennessee Spencer is a town in Van Buren County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 1,601 as of the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Van Buren County.

neg: Anderson County, Tennessee Anderson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2010 census, its population was 75,129. Its county seat is Clinton.