query: Which state native to the Heliomeris obscura also has a city with the same name?

pos: Heliomeris obscura Heliomeris obscura is a rare Mexican species of flowering plants in the sunflower family. It has been found only in a remote area of dry shrublands in eastern Mexico, in the states of Puebla and Veracruz.

pos: Puebla Puebla (] ), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Puebla (Spanish: "Estado Libre y Soberano de Puebla" ) is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided in 217 municipalities and its capital city is Puebla.

neg: Helianthus californicus Helianthus californicus is a North American species of sunflower known by the common name California sunflower. It is native to California in the United States and Baja California in Mexico, where it grows in many types of habitats.

neg: Lincoln, Nebraska Lincoln (pronounced ) is the capital of the U.S. state of Nebraska and the county seat of Lancaster County. The city covers 93.46 sqmi with a population of 280,364 in 2016. It is the second-most populous city in Nebraska and the 71st-largest in the United States. The city is the economic and cultural anchor of a substantially larger metropolitan area in the southeastern part of the state called the Lincoln Metropolitan and Lincoln-Beatrice Combined Statistical Areas. The statistical area is home to 348,720 people, making it the 105th-largest combined statistical area in the United States.

neg: Heliopsis procumbens Heliopsis procumbens is a Mexican species of flowering plant in the family sunflower family. It is native to central Mexico from Jalisco and Michoacán east to Veracruz.

neg: Aedes sollicitans Aedes sollicitans, the eastern saltmarsh mosquito (also known as "Ochlerotatus sollicitans"), is a species of mosquito native to the eastern seaboard of the United States and Canada as well as the entire Gulf coast and is also present in the Bahamas and Greater Antilles. While primarily found in coastal areas within a few miles of the coast, it is occasionally found inland in areas with saline pools, the species was reported as far west as Arizona. The species is a prime vector for Eastern equine encephalitis, Venezuelan equine encephalitis and dog heartworm.

neg: Portland, Maine Portland is the largest city in the U.S. state of Maine, with a population of 66,937 as of 2016. The Greater Portland metropolitan area is home to over half a million people, more than one-third of Maine's total population. The Old Port district is frequented by tourists, while Portland Head Light is also a destination. The city seal depicts a phoenix rising from ashes, which is a reference to the recoveries from four devastating fires. Portland was named for the English Isle of Portland, and the city of Portland, Oregon, was in turn named after Portland, Maine.

neg: Ericameria palmeri Ericameria palmeri (Palmer's goldenbush) is a North American species of flowering shrubs in the daisy family. It is native to southern California in the United States and to the state of Baja California in Mexico.

neg: Obovaria haddletoni Obovaria haddletoni is a species of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Unionidae, the river mussels. This species is endemic to the United States.

neg: Northern California Northern California, often abbreviated NorCal, is the northern portion of the U.S. state of California. Spanning the state's northernmost 48 counties, in contrast to the 10 counties of Southern California, its main population centers include the San Francisco Bay Area (anchored by the cities of San Francisco, San Jose, and Oakland), the Greater Sacramento area (anchored by the state capital Sacramento), and the Metropolitan Fresno area (anchored by the city of Fresno). Northern California also contains redwood forests, along with the Sierra Nevada, including Yosemite Valley and part of Lake Tahoe, Mount Shasta (the second-highest peak in the Cascade Range after Mount Rainier in Washington), and most of the Central Valley, one of the world's most productive agricultural regions.

neg: Seri people The Seris are an indigenous group of the Mexican state of Sonora. The majority reside on the Seri communal property (Spanish, "ejido"), in the towns of Punta Chueca (Seri "Socaaix" or "Socaaix hac") and El Desemboque (Seri "Haxöl Iihom") on the mainland coast of the Gulf of California. Tiburón Island ("Tahejöc", "Tahejöc himquij" or "Tahejöc quij") and San Esteban Island ("Cofteecöl", "Cofteecöl hipcap" and sometimes "Hast") were part of their traditional territory, but some Seris also lived in various places on the mainland. They were historically seminomadic hunter-gatherers who maintained an intimate relationship with both the sea and the land. It is one of the ethnic groups of Mexico that has most strongly maintained its language and culture during the years after contact with Spanish and Mexican cultures.

neg: Leora's stream salamander The Leora's stream salamander or Ajolote ("Ambystoma leorae") is a rare species of mole salamander in the Ambystomatidae family. It is endemic to a very small area of land in the Iztaccihuatl-Popocatepetl National Park on the border of the State of Mexico with Puebla, with a single known population on Mount Tlaloc. Its very specific requirements as regards water quality mitigates against its survival in a habitat where water is being extracted, cattle graze and the salamander has traditionally been eaten as food. It has been listed as a threatened species by the Mexican Government and as "critically endangered" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.

neg: Hadoa longiopercula Hadoa longiopercula is a species of annual cicada in the genus "Hadoa". It is native to the U.S. state of Arizona.

neg: Austrocnemis obscura Austrocnemis obscura is a species of damselfly in the family Coenagrionidae,

neg: Ageratina havanensis Ageratina havanensis, the Havana snakeroot or white mistflower, is a species of flowering shrub in the sunflower family, native to Texas, Cuba, and northeastern and east-central Mexico (Veracruz, Tamaulipas, Coahuila, Nuevo León, Hidalgo, San Luis Potosí, Puebla, Guanajuato, Querétaro). Unlike many other species of "Ageratina", it is evergreen.

neg: Heliocheilus ferruginosa Heliocheilus ferruginosa is a moth in the Noctuidae family. It is endemic to the Northern Territory, Queensland and Western Australia.

neg: Coomera, Queensland Coomera is a suburb of the Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. At the 2011 Census, Coomera had a population of 8,793. The name Coomera comes from the Yugambeh word "kumera", a species of wattle.

neg: Phoenix, Arizona Phoenix ( ) is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Arizona. With 1,615,017 people (as of 2016 ), Phoenix is the fifth most populous city nationwide, the most populous state capital in the United States, and the only state capital with a population of more than one million residents.

neg: Ericameria obovata Ericameria obovata (Rydberg's goldenbush) is a North American species of flowering shrubs in the daisy family. It has been found only in the state of Utah in the western United States.

neg: Oxalis lasiandra Oxalis lasiandra, common names palm tree oxalis and Mexican shamrock, is a plant species native to the Mexican State of Oaxaca but grown as an ornamental in other regions. It occurs in "Quercus-Acacia" and "Quercus" forests at elevations of 1700 – .

neg: Sphinx perelegans Sphinx perelegans (elegant sphinx) is a species of hawkmoth. It is native to western North America from British Columbia to Baja California and to New Mexico.

neg: Eastern oyster The eastern oyster ("Crassostrea virginica")—also called Wellfleet oyster, Atlantic oyster, Virginia oyster, or American oyster—is a species of true oyster native to the eastern seaboard and Gulf of Mexico coast of North America. It is also farmed in Puget Sound, Washington, where it is known as the Totten Inlet Virginica. Eastern oysters are and have been very popular commercially. Today, less than 1% of the original 17th-century population (when the original colonists arrived) is thought to remain in the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries, although population estimates from any era are uncertain. The eastern oyster is the state shellfish of Connecticut, its shell is the state shell of Virginia and Mississippi, and its shell in cabochon form is the state gem of Louisiana.


query: Are both genus, Goldenseal and Breynia, endemic to the same continent ?

pos: Goldenseal Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis), also called orangeroot or yellow puccoon, is a perennial herb in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae, native to southeastern Canada and the eastern United States. It may be distinguished by its thick, yellow knotted rootstock. The stem is purplish and hairy above ground and yellow below ground where it connects to the yellow rhizome. The plant bears two palmate, hairy leaves with 5–7 double-toothed lobes and single, small, inconspicuous flowers with greenish white stamens in the late spring. It bears a single berry like a large raspberry with 10–30 seeds in the summer.

pos: Breynia Breynia is a plant genus in the family Phyllanthaceae, first described as a genus in 1776. It is native to Southeast Asia, China, the Indian Subcontinent, Papuasia, Australia, and the island of Réunion.

neg: Knobby seahorse The knobby seahorse or short-head seahorse (not to be confused with the Short-snouted seahorse), Hippocampus breviceps, is a species of fish in the Syngnathidae family. It is endemic to Australia. Its natural habitats are open seas, shallow seas, subtidal aquatic beds, coral reefs, estuarine waters, intertidal flats, coastal saline lagoons, and karsts.

neg: Dillwynia tenuifolia Dillwynia tenuifolia is a rare plant endemic to New South Wales. It is a member of the tribe Mirbelieae which are known for their golden pea-shaped flowers.

neg: Curculigo orchioides Curculigo orchioides (commonly called golden eye-grass, xian mao, weevil-wort, black musli, Kali musli, or Kali Musali) is a flowering plant species in the genus "Curculigo". It is native to China, Japan, Indian Subcontinent, Papuasia, Micronesia. It is known as Nilappana (നിലപ്പന) meaning ground palm in Malayalam.

neg: Persea brenesii Persea brenesii is a species of plant in the Lauraceae family. It is endemic to Costa Rica.

neg: Machilus Machilus is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Lauraceae. It is found in temperate, subtropical, and tropical forest, occurring in China, Korea, Japan, Taiwan, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Indonesia, Borneo, and the Philippines. It is sometimes included in the genus "Persea", and currently includes about 100 species.

neg: Lycaena thetis Lycaena thetis, the golden copper, is a small butterfly found in India that belongs to the lycaenids or blues family.

neg: Breynia neanika Breynia neanika is a species of sea urchins of the Family Loveniidae. Their armour is covered with spines. Breynia neanika was first scientifically described in 1982 by McNamara.

neg: Clea's triplefin The Clea's triplefin (Enneapterygius clea) is a species of threefin blenny in the genus "Enneapterygius", described by German ichthyologist Ronald Fricke in 1997. It is endemic to Queensland, Australia.

neg: Sladenia (fish) Sladenia is a genus of deep sea goosefishes found in the Caribbean Sea and western Pacific Ocean.

neg: Selkirkia (plant) Selkirkia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Boraginaceae. Three species occur on the South American mainland and one, "Selkirkia berteroi" (sometimes written "berteri"), the first of the genus to be reported, is an endemic on Robinson Crusoe Island off the coast of Chile. It was previously considered a monotypic genus.

neg: Bulleyia Bulleyia is a genus of plants in the Orchidaceae family. It is either epiphytic or lithophitic, growing on tree branches or on rocks on steep hillsides. The genus is monotypic and represented only by Bulleyia yunnanensis, native to the Himalayas of Assam, Bhutan, eastern India and Yunnan.

neg: Bristled grassbird The bristled grassbird ("Chaetornis striata") is a small passerine bird in the monotypic genus Chaetornis. Also known as the bristled grass warbler, this species is endemic to the Indian subcontinent, where it is patchily distributed in Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Pakistan. These insectivorous birds skulk in dense and tall grasslands, often in marshy areas, habitats that are threatened by human activities. Formerly considered to be sedentary, the species may be migratory, moving south and east in the Indian peninsula during winter and returning to their breeding grounds in the northern plains south of the Himalayas.

neg: Breynia australasiae Breynia australasiae is a species of sea urchins of the Family Loveniidae. Their armour is covered with spines. Breynia australasiae was first scientifically described in 1815 by Leach.

neg: Golden barb The golden barb or golden dwarf barb ("Pethia gelius") is a species of cyprinid fish native to inland waters in Asia, and is found in Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh. It has also been introduced to waters in Colombia. It natively inhabits rivers, and standing water with a silty bottom. They live in a tropical climate in water with a 6.0 - 6.5 pH, a water hardness of 8 - 15 dGH, and a temperature range of 68 - 77 °F (20 - 25 °C). It feeds on benthic and planktonic crustaceans, and insects. This species can grow in length up to 5.1 cm TL. It can also be found in the aquarium trade.

neg: Streptanthus niger Streptanthus niger is an endangered species within the family Brassicaceae. Like other genus members, this herb has wavy petal margins with perimeter calluses that discourage larval herbivory. This plant is endemic to the Tiburon Peninsula of Northern California, and occurs at elevations below 150 m on serpentine grasslands. The common name for this species is Tiburon jewelflower or black jewelflower. This annual herb blooms in May and June and displays dark purple sepals. The etymology of this genus scientific name derives from the Greek word "streptanthus", meaning "twisted flower", with reference to the notable wavy margins of the petals. The species name "niger" relates to the color of the seeds being black, although an alternate account cites the dark color of the petals as the source of the appellation.

neg: Bryonia Bryonia is a genus of flowering plant in the gourd family. Bryony is its best-known common name. They are native to western Eurasia and adjacent regions, such as North Africa, the Canary Islands and South Asia.

neg: Lord Howe silvereye The Lord Howe silvereye ("Zosterops lateralis tephropleurus"), also known as the Lord Howe white-eye, Lord Howe Island white-eye or, locally, as the "Little Grinnell", is a small bird in the white-eye family, Zosteropidae. It is a subspecies of the silvereye (" Zosterops lateralis "), though sometimes considered a full species. It is endemic to Lord Howe Island in the Tasman Sea, part of New South Wales, Australia.

neg: Scoliosia Scoliosia is a genus of moths in the Arctiidae family. It contains the single species Scoliosia brunnescens, which is found in Papua and Papua New Guinea.

neg: Litsea bindoniana Litsea bindoniana, known as the big-leaved bollywood is a rainforest tree in the laurel family. A small to medium-sized bushy tree endemic to the rainforests of tropical Queensland, Australia. It features large leaves with attractive yellow venation, 25 cm (10 in) long by 10 cm (4 in) wide. They are dark green above, and paler and somewhat hairy below. The leaf stalks are hairy. The small (0.7 cm diameter) greenish flowers are fragrant and occur from March to May. They are followed by fruits which mature from September to October, being a black drupe. Regeneration is from fresh seed, after removing the fleshy aril around the seed.

neg: Brexia Brexia is a dense evergreen shrub or small tree of usually around 5  m high, with alternately set, simple, leathery leaves with a short leaf stem and lanceolate to inverted egg-shaped leaf blades. The pentamerous flowers occur in cymes. The petals are greenish white, the samens are alternating with wide, incised staminodes. The superior ovary develops in a long ribbed fruit. "Brexia" naturally grows on the coast of East Africa, on Madagascar, the Comoros and Seychelles. Opinions differ about the number of species in "Brexia". Sometimes the genus is regarded monotypic, "B. madagascariensis" being a species with a large variability, but other authors distinguish as many as twelve species. Common names for "B. madagascariensis" include jobiapototra, tsimiranjana, tsivavena, vahilava, voalava, voankatanana, voantalanina, voatalanina and votalanina (all Malagasy), and mfukufuku (Swahili), mfurugudu (Shambala, Tanzania) and bwa kato (Seychelles).


query: A Danish actress born 14 February 1978 was in a french Fantasy and romantic drama film. Who was the director of that film?

pos: Angel-A Angel-A, directed by Luc Besson, is a 2005 French fantasy and romantic drama film featuring Jamel Debbouze and Rie Rasmussen.

pos: Rie Rasmussen Rie Rasmussen (born 14 February 1978) is a Danish actress, film director, writer, model, and photographer.

neg: Two (2002 film) Two (French: "Deux" ) is a 2002 French drama film directed by Werner Schroeter and starring Isabelle Huppert.

neg: The Song of Roland (film) The Song of Roland (French: La Chanson de Roland ) is a 1978 French drama film directed by Frank Cassenti and starring Klaus Kinski.

neg: Cyril Dion Cyril Dion (born 23 July 1978) is a French writer, film director, poet, and activist.

neg: Anders Heinrichsen Anders Heinrichsen (born February 17, 1980) is a Danish actor.

neg: Céline Sciamma Céline Sciamma (born 12 November 1978) is a French screenwriter and film director.

neg: Peter Plaugborg Peter Plaugborg (born 12 April 1980) is a Danish actor. He appeared in more than twenty films since 2008.

neg: Franz Ernst Franz Ernst (born 30 July 1938) is a Danish film director and screenwriter. He has directed eleven films since 1965. His 1970 film "" was entered into the 21st Berlin International Film Festival where it won a Special Recognition award.

neg: The Man Who Loved Women (1977 film) The Man Who Loved Women (French: "L'Homme qui aimait les femmes" ) is a 1977 French comedy/drama film directed by François Truffaut and starring Charles Denner, Brigitte Fossey and Nelly Borgeaud. In 1983, it was remade in Hollywood under the same title. The film had a total of 955,262 admissions in France.

neg: Bodil Ipsen Bodil Ipsen (30 August 1889 – 26 November 1964) was a Danish actress and film director, and is considered one of the great stars of Danish cinematic history. Her acting career, which began in theater and silent films, was marked by leading roles in large folk comedies and melodramas. However, it was as a director that she was most influential: directing the first Danish film noir and making several dark psychological thrillers during the 1940s and 1950s. Ipsen's name along with that of Bodil Kjer is given to Denmark's most celebrated film prize, the Bodil Award.

neg: Floride (film) Floride is a 2015 French comedy-drama film directed by Philippe Le Guay and starring Jean Rochefort and Sandrine Kiberlain. The screenplay was written by Le Guay and Jérôme Tonnerre, based on the play "Le Père" by Florian Zeller. The film had its premiere at the Locarno International Film Festival in August 2015.

neg: Nymphomaniac (film) Nymphomaniac (stylised onscreen and in advertising as NYMPH()MANIAC) is a 2013 European two-part art film written and directed by Lars von Trier. The film stars Charlotte Gainsbourg, Stellan Skarsgård, Stacy Martin, Shia LaBeouf, Christian Slater, Jamie Bell, Uma Thurman, Willem Dafoe and Connie Nielsen. The film was originally supposed to be only one complete entry; but, because of its multiple hour length, von Trier made the decision to split the project into two separate films. "Nymphomaniac" was an international co-production of Denmark, Belgium, France, and Germany.

neg: Candido Erotico Candido Erotico (also known as "Copenhagen Nights", "The Exhibitionist", "A Man for Sale" and "Look at Me") is a 1978 Italian erotic romance-drama film written and directed by Claudio Giorgi (here credited as Claudio De Molinis).

neg: Pia Mechler Pia Mechler (born 19 February 1983) is a German born actress, director and author.

neg: Le Pion Le Pion is a 1978 French comedy film directed by Christian Gion starring Henri Guybet and Claude Jade.

neg: Janus Metz Pedersen Janus Metz Pedersen (born 1974) is a Danish film director and documentary filmmaker.

neg: The Story of Marie and Julien The Story of Marie and Julien (French: Histoire de Marie et Julien ) is a 2003 French drama film directed by Nouvelle Vague film maker Jacques Rivette. The film slowly develops from a drama about blackmail into a dark, yet tender, supernatural love story between Marie and Julien, played by Emmanuelle Béart and Jerzy Radziwiłowicz. Anne Brochet plays the blackmailed Madame X. Béart had previously worked with Rivette in "La Belle Noiseuse", as had Radziwiłowicz in "Secret Defense". The film was shot by William Lubtchansky, and edited by Nicole Lubtchansky, both frequent collaborators of Rivette's.

neg: Key House Mirror Key House Mirror (Danish: "Nøgle hus spejl" ) is a 2015 Danish drama film directed by Michael Noer.

neg: Louise (Take 2) Louise (Take 2) is a 1998 French drama film directed by Siegfried. It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1998 Cannes Film Festival.

neg: Ursula Meier Ursula Meier (born 24 June 1971) is a French-Swiss film director and screenwriter who received the Best Director award at the 2008 Festival du Film Francophone d'Angoulême [Angoulême French-language Film Festival] for her first theatrical feature, "Home", which won the 2009 Swiss Film Prize for Bester Spielfilm (Best Film) as well as Bestes Drehbuch (Best Screenplay) (shared with Antoine Jaccoud). The film also received a César nomination for Best First Film and a Best Film nomination at Argentina's Mar del Plata Film Festival.

neg: Charlotte Fich Charlotte Fich (born 26 September 1961) is a Danish stage, film and television actress. She is most often recognized for her role as police officer Ingrid Dahl in the Emmy awarded (2002) Danish television series "Unit One" (Danish: "Rejseholdet") (2000–2004). She is married to Danish film director Per Fly.


query: Anwar Shemza was influenced by which Swiss-German artist?

pos: Anwar Shemza Anwar Jalal Shemza (Urdu: ) (14 July 1928 – 18 January 1985) was an artist and writer active in Pakistan and later the United Kingdom. Despite being better known as an artist, Shemza published several Urdu novels and books of poetry in the 1950s and wrote plays performed on Radio Pakistan. Shemza was initially influenced by Modernism most notably Paul Klee although later works also showed a traditional Islamic influence. He was also an accomplished printmaker, having his work exhibited at the International Print Biennial in Tokyo.

pos: Paul Klee Paul Klee (] ; 18 December 1879 – 29 June 1940) was a Swiss-German artist. His highly individual style was influenced by movements in art that included Expressionism, Cubism, and Surrealism. Klee was a natural draftsman who experimented with and eventually deeply explored color theory, writing about it extensively; his lectures "Writings on Form and Design Theory" ("Schriften zur Form und Gestaltungslehre"), published in English as the "Paul Klee Notebooks", are held to be as important for modern art as Leonardo da Vinci's "A Treatise on Painting" for the Renaissance. He and his colleague, Russian painter Wassily Kandinsky, both taught at the Bauhaus school of art, design and architecture. His works reflect his dry humor and his sometimes childlike perspective, his personal moods and beliefs, and his musicality.

neg: Gerhard Richter Gerhard Richter (] ; born 9 February 1932) is a German visual artist. Richter has produced abstract as well as photorealistic paintings, and also photographs and glass pieces. His art follows the examples of Picasso and Jean Arp in undermining the concept of the artist's obligation to maintain a single cohesive style.

neg: Wieland Herzfelde Wieland Herzfelde (11 April 1896, Weggis – 23 November 1988) was a German publisher and writer. He is particularly known for his links with German avant-garde art and Marxist thought, and was the brother of the photo montage artist John Heartfield, with whom he often worked.

neg: Hannah Höch Hannah Höch (] ; November 1, 1889 – May 31, 1978) was a German Dada artist. She is best known for her work of the Weimar period, when she was one of the originators of photomontage. Photomontage, or fotomontage, is a type of collage in which the pasted items are actual photographs, or photographic reproductions pulled from the press and other widely produced media.

neg: List of Swiss women artists This is a list of women artists who were born in Switzerland or whose artworks are closely associated with that country.

neg: Matthias Zimmermann (artist) Matthias Alexander Kristian Zimmermann (* 6 May 1981 in Basel) is a painter and new media artist from Switzerland.

neg: Hans Steinbach Hans Steinbach (Hanzo) is a German comic book artist, born in Damascus, Syria to a German father and a Syrian mother.

neg: Bahram Alivandi Bahram Alivandi (1928-21 May 2012) was an Iranian-born Modern artist living in Vienna, Austria. He is known primarily for his paintings, which typically depict stories from Persian mythology and literature, and express oriental mysticism. He has also produced a number of wall tapestries that, like his works on canvas, demonstrate his own instantly recognisable visual language.

neg: Dominique Appia Dominique Appia (29 July 1926 – 8 January 2017) was a Swiss painter based in Geneva. His paintings depict imaginative scenarios of cities, landscapes and interiors where familiar elements are juxtaposed as in a dream: a cathedral becomes a railway station, the Mediterranean gushes up from the Paris Metro, and a room with disappearing children is invaded by different world environments. "Entre les trous de la memoire", in English "Between the Holes in the Memory", is the best known image by this intriguing and little-known artist.

neg: Heimatfilm Heimatfilme (] , German for "homeland-film"; German singular: "Heimatfilm ") were films of a genre popular in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria from the late 1940s to the early 1970s. "Heimat" can be translated as "home" (in the geographic sense), "hometown" or "homeland".

neg: Antoni Stutz Antoni Stutz is a Swiss/German filmmaker, painter and photographer.

neg: Youmna Chlala Youmna Chlala is a Lebanese-American artist and writer.

neg: Kunsthaus Zürich The Kunsthaus Zürich is an art museum in the Swiss city of Zürich. It houses one of the most important art collections in Switzerland, assembled over the years by the local art association called "Zürcher Kunstgesellschaft". The collection spans from the Middle Ages to contemporary art, with an emphasis on Swiss art.

neg: Hussain Sharif Hussain Sharif (born 1961) is an Emirati artist based in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Co-founder of Emirates Fine Arts Society and is one of the original "Five" conceptual artist in the UAE including Mohammed Kazem, Mohammed Ahmed Ibrahim, Abdullah Al Saadi and his brother Hassan Sharif.

neg: Dieter Roth Dieter Roth (April 21, 1930 – June 5, 1998) was a Swiss artist best known for his artist's books, editioned prints, sculptures, and works made of found materials, including rotting food stuffs. He was also known as Dieter Rot and Diter Rot.

neg: Nasser Azam Nasser Azam (born 1963, Jhelum, Pakistan) is a British contemporary artist, living and working in London.

neg: Natascha Sadr Haghighian Natascha Sadr Haghighian is an artist who lives and works in Berlin, Germany.

neg: Urs Lüthi Urs Lüthi (born 10 September 1947) is a Swiss artist.

neg: Joseph Szabo (painter) Joseph Szabó – birth name: József Szabó (1925, Nyúl, Hungary – 2010, Fons-sur-Lussan, France) – was an emigrant Hungarian painter and sculptor. He studied at Hungarian University of Fine Arts in Budapest between 1947 and 1953. His teachers were István Szőnyi, László Bencze (painter), Gyula Pap (painter) and Jenő Barcsay. He immigrated to France in 1956. He continued his education in the field of fine arts in Paris, then in Nice. Initially, he painted surrealistic and dark pictures full of sombre colours that recall paintings of Grünewald and Bosch. By the late eighties, he came quite near to the limits of abstraction, and turned toward a more liberated, more colourful and less figurative art. Later, he painted expressive pictures with mosaic effect. In addition to paintings, he made sculptures as well; one of his monumental creations stands in front of the building of Médiathèque François Mitterrand in Sète, France. His paintings were exhibited in several art galleries, inter alia in Zurich, Chicago, New York, Montreal, Paris, Lyon, Nimes, Madrid, Milan and Geneva.

neg: Hassan Khan (artist) Hassan Khan is an Egyptian visual artist and musician.

neg: Rafik Schami Rafik Schami (Arabic: رفيق شامي  ) (born Suheil Fadel (سهيل فاضل ) June 1946) is a German author, storyteller and critic.


query: Sir (Ernest) Llewellyn Woodward (1890–1971) was a British historian, and was educated at which British independent private day school for boys, originally located in the City of London, and since 1933 it has been located on 285 acre of grounds at Sandy Lodge in the Three Rivers district of Hertfordshire?

pos: Llewellyn Woodward Sir (Ernest) Llewellyn Woodward (1890–1971) was a British historian. He was educated at Merchant Taylors' School and Corpus Christi College, Oxford and after the First World War became a Lecturer in Modern History and fellow of All Souls College from 1919–1944 and a Fellow at New College from 1922–1939. Later he was Montague Burton Professor of International Relations (1944–1947) and then Professor of Modern History at Oxford. He later taught at Princeton University in the United States (1951–1962). His scope was impressively wide, his first publication being on the late Roman Empire whilst on sick leave from service in the First World War but his most famous works being on the First World War. He wrote "The Age of Reform" in the Oxford History of England.

pos: Merchant Taylors' School, Northwood Merchant Taylors' School (MTS) is a British independent private day school for boys, originally located in the City of London. Since 1933 it has been located on 285 acre of grounds at Sandy Lodge in the Three Rivers district of Hertfordshire.

neg: Woolverstone Hall School In the early 1950s the London County Council obtained use of Woolverstone Hall near Ipswich, Suffolk, and some 50 acre of adjoining land for the purpose of establishing a secondary grammar boarding school for London boys. The premises were previously occupied by the "LNS Woolverstone", a branch of the London Nautical School, some students of which were permitted to complete their education in the new environment, which commenced experimentally in 1950. In September 1951, the new school formally opened with mostly new teaching staff under a new headmaster, Mr J. S. H. Smitherman. It became comprehensive in 1977, under the auspices of the Inner London Education Authority. The school closed in 1990 and the site was sold to the Girls' Day School Trust. In 1992 it became the home of Ipswich High School.

neg: Queen Anne's School Queen Anne's School is an independent boarding and day school for girls aged 11 to 18, situated in the suburb of Caversham just north of the River Thames and Reading town centre and occupying a 35 acre campus. There are around 450 pupils. Nearly half are boarders. Some stay seven nights a week; others stay during the working week (weekly boarders) or two, three or four nights a week (flexi boarders). Saturday morning lessons were replaced in 2009 by a programme of optional sport, hobbies and extended learning activities, including rowing, horse riding, textiles and first aid. The school awards scholarships in academic subjects, sport, music, art and drama at ages 11 and 13 and at sixth form entry.

neg: Girls' Day School Trust The Girls' Day School Trust (GDST) is a group of 26 independent schools - 24 schools and two academies - in England and Wales, catering for pupils aged 3 to 18. It is the largest group of independent schools in the UK, and educates 20,000 girls each year. It was formed in 1872 to provide affordable day-school (non-boarding) education for girls as The Girls' Public Day School Company (1872–1905), then The Girls' Public Day School Trust (1906–1998).

neg: Fairfield Preparatory School Fairfield Preparatory School is a fee-paying independent mixed preparatory school in Loughborough, Leicestershire, England. It is one of three private schools known collectively as the Loughborough Endowed Schools, along with Loughborough Grammar School for boys and Loughborough High School for girls.

neg: Taverham Hall School Taverham Hall School was an independent co-educational day and boarding preparatory school. Situated in Taverham, Norfolk, it was founded in 1920. The school accommodates over 300 pupils between the ages of 1 and 11. The current headmaster is Mike Crossley, who is a member of the IAPS. In 2016, Taverham Hall School merged with the preparatory department of Langley School, Loddon, to form Langley Preparatory School at Taverham Hall.

neg: Plaistow County Grammar School Plaistow County Grammar School, also known as "Plaistow Grammar" or "PGS", was a local authority mixed gender Grammar school established in 1945 and located on Prince Regent Lane (A112) in Plaistow, in the County Borough of West Ham and then the London Borough of Newham in east London. It was disestablished in 1972 upon its merging to create a Comprehensive school.

neg: The John Lyon School The John Lyon School (formerly The Lower School of John Lyon) is an academically selective independent boys' school in Harrow on the Hill, Middlesex. The school was founded in 1876 by the Governors of Harrow School for the education of local boys, in belated keeping with the wishes of that school's founder, from whom the school takes its name. The John Lyon School maintains its historic ties with Harrow School to this day. The school is a member of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference (HMC).

neg: Kensington Preparatory School Kensington Preparatory School is an independent day school for girls aged 4–11 in Fulham, London, England. It was named "Prep School of the Year" by "The Sunday Times" for the 2009-10 school year. Despite its name, the school is not located in Kensington although it was founded there. In the Second World War, the school had to be relocated as the site was used for sheltering and was occasionally bombed.

neg: Priory Preparatory School Priory Preparatory School is a preparatory school in Banstead, Surrey, England, for boys aged two to thirteen years. The school is a member of the Independent Association of Preparatory Schools (IAPS) and of the Independent Schools Council (ISC). It was founded in 1921, and moved to its current location in 1936. It is a charitable trust. It will close in 2017, and current pupils will move to the new Banstead Preparatory School at the site currently occupied by Greenacre School for Girls.

neg: Trinity Grammar School (Victoria) Trinity Grammar School, Kew (abbreviated to TGS) is an independent Anglican day and boarding school for boys, located across several campuses in Melbourne, Australia.

neg: Florence Lindley Florence Lindley ("nee Morris") was the first headmistress of Lowther College, a private girls' school set up in 1896 in Lytham St. Annes, Lancashire. In 1920 she oversaw the college's move to Bodelwyddan Castle in Denbighshire, where she remained as headmistress until 1927, when the school was sold to Allied Schools. Lindley then moved to Kinmel Hall, a few miles away, where she converted the building into a 'rheuma spa', for the treatment of people with rheumatism.

neg: Harvington School Harvington School is an independent preparatory school in the UK for girls aged 3–11, with a co-educational nursery for boys aged 3–4. It is a leading West London prep school and is a noted feeder school of the best London schools including St Paul's Girls School, City of London School for Girls, Latymer, Notting Hill & Ealing High School. The Independent Schools Inspectorate reports that the school secures high levels of academic achievement and excellent personal development for the pupils, within the context of a close-knit, multi-cultural environment. They go on to state that standards are high and progress is rapid in relation to pupils of a similar ability. Day fees range from £3,100 for Early Years (Nursery & Transition) to £4,140 for years 1 - 6. Scholarships and bursaries are available.

neg: St Edmund's School Canterbury St Edmund's School, Canterbury is an independent day and boarding school located in Canterbury, Kent, England, for girls and boys aged 3-18, including the Choristers of Canterbury Cathedral.

neg: St Paul's Girls' School St Paul's Girls' School is an independent day school for girls, located in Brook Green, Hammersmith, in West London, England.

neg: King's College School, Cambridge King's College School is a coeducational independent preparatory school in Cambridge, England, situated on West Road off Grange Road, west of the city centre. It was founded to educate the choristers in the King's College Choir during the 15th century. Although no longer located on College grounds, it remains an integral part of the Chapel's musical tradition and is still governed by and receives some funding from the College. The most recent full integrated Independent Schools Inspectorate inspection awarded the grade ‘excellent’ in all 9 categories.

neg: St Hugh's School, Faringdon St Hugh's School is a preparatory school near Faringdon in Oxfordshire. The school is co-educational, day and boarding, offering both weekly and flexi-boarding, and has 300 pupils aged 3 to 13 years.

neg: Aldwickbury School Aldwickbury School is an independent all-boys preparatory school located on the outskirts of Harpenden, Hertfordshire in the United Kingdom.

neg: Monkton Combe School Monkton Combe School is an independent boarding and day school of the British public school tradition, near Bath, England. The Senior School is located in the village of Monkton Combe, while the Prep School, Pre-Prep and Nursery are in Combe Down on the southern outskirts of Bath. Founded in 1868, the school maintains many strong traditions with a particular emphasis on high academic and sporting achievements. The school also has a strong Christian ethos within the Anglican tradition. The school is also a member of the Rugby Group of independent schools in the United Kingdom.

neg: Redcliffe School Redcliffe School is an independent school for girls and boys aged 2.5 to 11 located at two separate sites in Chelsea. The pre-prep is located in Redcliffe Square, the prep school is located in Redcliffe Gardens.

neg: Watford Grammar School for Boys Watford Grammar School for Boys (commonly abbreviated as WBGS) is a partially selective academy for boys in Watford in Hertfordshire, England.


query: Syosset Central School District and Jericho Union Free School District are both located in what county?

pos: Hauppauge Union Free School District Hauppauge Union Free School District is a school district based in Hauppauge, New York. It is near the Commack School District and Half Hollow Hills Central School District, as well as the Syosset Central School District and Jericho Union Free School District in Nassau County

pos: Syosset Central School District The Syosset Central School District serves the inhabitants of Syosset, a suburb in Nassau County, New York. It also serves the suburbs of Woodbury, parts of Plainview, Jericho, Laurel Hollow, Muttontown, Oyster Bay Cove, and even very small parts of Hicksville and East Norwich.

neg: Taylor High School (Arkansas) Taylor High School is a comprehensive public junior-senior high school serving grades seventh through twelfth in the rural community of Taylor, Arkansas, United States. Located in southern Columbia County, Taylor High School is one of three public high schools in the county and one of three high schools administered by the Emerson–Taylor School District.

neg: Zion-Benton Township High School District 126 Zion-Benton Township High School District 126 is a school district in northeastern Lake County, Illinois. It has two high schools, both in Zion: Zion-Benton Township High School at 3901 West 21st Street, and New Tech High at Zion-Benton East at 1634 23rd Street.

neg: New Blaine, Arkansas New Blaine is an unincorporated census-designated place in Logan County, Arkansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, its population is 174. It is the location of (or is the nearest community to) Anhalt Barn, which is on County Road 68, Old Arkansas Highway 22, which is part of AR 197, AR 197 Loop, and Rainwater Loop, Elizabeth Hall, off AR 22, Farmer's State Bank, at 100 Seallars St., Freeborn T. Laster House, at 494 AR 197, Main Street Bridge, located at 2002 Sellers St. at Silver Smith Branch, New Blaine School, located at the junction of AR 22 and Spring Rd., and Troy Lasater Service Station located on the AR 197 Loop. All eight of these places are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

neg: Cedarville High School (Arkansas) Cedarville High School (CHS) is a comprehensive public high school serving students in grades nine through twelve in the rural community of Cedarville, Arkansas, United States. It is one of five public high schools located in Crawford County and serves the communities of Cedarville, Uniontown, Van Buren, Rudy, Natural Dam, and Chester.

neg: Peach County School District The Peach County School District is a public school district in Peach County, Georgia, United States, based in Fort Valley. It serves the communities of Byron, Fort Valley, Perry, and Warner Robins.

neg: Bret Harte Union High School District Bret Harte Union High School District is a public school district based in Calaveras County, California.

neg: Stanton County, Kansas Stanton County (standard abbreviation: ST) is a county located in the U.S. state of Kansas. As of the 2010 census, the county population was 2,235. Its county seat is Johnson City.

neg: Jericho, Arkansas Jericho is a town in Crittenden County, Arkansas, United States. The population was 119 at the 2010 census, down from 184 at the 2000 census.

neg: Norphlet High School Norphlet High School is a secondary school located in Norphlet, Arkansas, United States. It is one of six public high schools in Union County and is the only high school that is administered by the Norphlet School District.

neg: Sylvan Union School District The Sylvan Union School District is an educational district in Modesto, California, USA. It has a total of 13 schools, comprising ten elementary schools and three middle schools:

neg: Union, Illinois Union is a village in McHenry County, Illinois, United States. The population was 580 at the 2010 census, up from 576 in 2000.

neg: Smackover High School Smackover High School is a comprehensive public high school located in Smackover, Arkansas, United States. The school provides secondary education for more than 280 students in grades 9 through 12. It is one of six public high schools in Union County. It is the sole high school administered by the Smackover School District.

neg: Taliaferro County School District The Taliaferro County School District is a public school district in Taliaferro County, Georgia, United States, based in Crawfordville. It serves the communities of Crawfordville and Sharon.

neg: Fulton County School System The Fulton County School System is a school district headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. The system serves the area of Fulton County outside the Atlanta city limits (which are served by Atlanta Public Schools). Fulton County Schools serve the cities of Alpharetta, Johns Creek, Milton, Mountain Park, Roswell, and Sandy Springs north of Atlanta, and Chattahoochee Hills, College Park, East Point, Fairburn, Hapeville, Palmetto, Union City, and Fulton's remaining unincorporated areas in the south. Fulton County is the fourth-largest school system in Georgia.

neg: Talbot County School District The Talbot County School District is a public school district in Talbot County, Georgia, United States, based in Talbotton. It serves the communities of Geneva, Junction City, Manchester, Talbotton, and Woodland.

neg: Newark Central School District The Newark Central School District is a public school district in New York State that serves approximately 2300 students in the village of Newark and the town of Arcadia in Wayne County with a staff of 270.

neg: Benton High School (Arkansas) Benton High School is a public high school located in Benton, Saline County, Arkansas. Benton High School is a member of the Benton School District.

neg: Thomaston-Upson County School District The Thomaston-Upson County School District is a public school district in Upson County, Georgia, United States, based in Thomaston. It serves the communities of Hannahs Mill, Lincoln Park, Salem, Sunset Village, The Rock, Thomaston, and Yatesville.

neg: Clinton, Utah Clinton is a city in Davis County, Utah, United States. It is part of the Ogden–Clearfield, Utah Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 20,426 at the 2010 census, up from 12,585 at the 2000 census. Clinton grew rapidly during the 1990s and continues to see rapid growth, with an estimated population of 21,104 in 2014.

neg: Jericho, California Jericho is a former settlement in Nevada County, California. Jericho is located 0.5 mi south of Moores Flat. It still appeared on maps as of 1873.


query: Where is the corporation that uses the Baltiore and Philadelphia Railroad today headquartered?

pos: Baltimore and Philadelphia Railroad The Baltimore and Philadelphia Railroad was a railroad line built by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B&O) from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to Baltimore, Maryland. It was built in the 1880s after the B&O lost access to its previous route to Philadelphia, the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad (PW&B). The cost of building the new route, especially the Howard Street Tunnel on the connecting Baltimore Belt Line, led to the B&O's first bankruptcy. Today, the line is used by CSX Transportation for freight trains.

pos: CSX Transportation CSX Transportation (reporting mark CSXT) is a Class I railroad in the United States. The main subsidiary of the CSX Corporation, the railroad is headquartered in Jacksonville, Florida, and owns about 21,000 route miles (34,000 km). CSX operates one of the three Class I railroads serving most of the East Coast, the other two being the Norfolk Southern Railway (NS) and Canadian Pacific Railway. It also serves the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec. Together CSX and Norfolk Southern Railway have a duopoly over all east-west freight rail traffic east of the Mississippi River. As of August 8, 2017, CSX's total public stock value was slightly over $41.5 billion.

neg: Belt Railway of Chicago The Belt Railway Company of Chicago (reporting mark BRC) , headquartered in Bedford Park, IL, is the largest switching terminal railroad in the United States. It is co-owned by six Class I railroads — BNSF Railway, Canadian National Railway, Canadian Pacific Railway, CSX Transportation, Norfolk Southern Railway, and Union Pacific Railroad — each of which uses the switching and interchange facilities of the BRC. Owner lines and other railroads bring their trains to the Belt Railway to be separated, classified, and re-blocked into new trains for departure. The BRC also provides rail terminal services to approximately 100 local manufacturing industries. The company employs about 520 people, including its own police force and fire department. Its president is currently Patrick J. O'Brien.

neg: Nittany and Bald Eagle Railroad The Nittany and Bald Eagle Railroad (reporting mark NBER) is a short line railroad that operates 70 mi of track in Blair, Centre, and Clinton counties in Pennsylvania in the United States. It is part of the North Shore Railroad System.

neg: Philadelphia Philadelphia ( ) is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the sixth-most populous city in the United States, with an estimated population of 1,567,872 and more than 6 million in the seventh-largest metropolitan statistical area, as of 2016 . Philadelphia is the economic and cultural anchor of the Delaware Valleya region located in the Northeastern United States at the confluence of the Delaware and Schuylkill Rivers with 7.2 million people residing in the eighth-largest combined statistical area in the United States.

neg: Mather Stock Car Company The Mather Stock Car Company was a U.S. corporation that built railroad rolling stock. Mather specialized in stock cars, but built other types of cars as well, including boxcars. The company was headquartered in Chicago, Illinois. Their main headquarters building, Mather Tower, built in 1928 in Chicago, still stands today. This building has the smallest floors of any of Chicago's skyscrapers.

neg: Lehigh Division The Lehigh Division is a major freight low grade rail line owned and operated by the Reading Blue Mountain and Northern Railroad in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania that runs from Lehighton, Pennsylvania to Dupont, Pennsylvania, it originally ran from Lehighton to Mehoopany, Pennsylvania. The Lehigh Division was formed in 1993 by Conrail from the Lehigh Line, officially the former main line of the Lehigh Valley Railroad (LVRR) that has absorbed former Central Railroad of New Jersey (CNJ) main line trackage and former Lehigh and Susquehanna Railroad (L&S) main line trackage into its system under Conrail; the Lehigh Line today is owned by the Norfolk Southern Railway and connects to the Lehigh Division at Lehighton.

neg: Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation The Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation (BMT) was an urban transit holding company, based in Brooklyn, New York City, United States, and incorporated in 1923. The system was sold to the city in 1940. Today, together with the IND subway system, it forms the B Division of the modern New York City Subway. The original BMT routes currently form the J/Z , L , M , N , Q , R and W trains, as well as the Franklin Avenue Shuttle, with the IND B , D , and F using BMT trackage in Brooklyn, as does a short section of the A in Queens. The M train enters the IND via the Chrystie Street Connection after crossing the Williamsburg Bridge, the Q , along with some rush-hour N trains enter the IND from the BMT 63rd Street Line and the R train enters the IND via the 60th Street Tunnel Connection. The Z train supplements the J in the peak direction during rush hours only.

neg: Penn Central Transportation Company The Penn Central Transportation Company, commonly abbreviated to Penn Central, was an American Class I railroad headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, that operated from 1968 until 1976, when it was folded into Conrail. It was created by the 1968 merger of the Pennsylvania and New York Central railroads. The New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad was added to the merger in 1969; by 1970, the company had filed for what was, at that time, the largest bankruptcy in U.S. history.

neg: Alabama Warrior Railway The Alabama Warrior Railway (reporting mark ABWR) is a terminal railroad in Birmingham, Alabama. The railroad operates within the confines of Walter Industries in North Birmingham. It began operations on August 7, 2009, and is owned and operated by Watco Companies of Pittsburg, Kansas.

neg: Central Railroad of Pennsylvania The Central Railroad of Pennsylvania (reporting mark CRP) was an attempt by the Central Railroad of New Jersey to avoid certain New Jersey taxes on their Pennsylvania lines. The attempt to reduce New Jersey Corporate taxes failed, and CRP operations were merged back into those of the CNJ six years later.

neg: Reading Division The Reading Division is a rail line owned and operated by the Reading Blue Mountain and Northern Railroad in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. The line runs from Reading, Pennsylvania north and east to Packerton, Pennsylvania along former Reading Company and Central Railroad of New Jersey lines. At its south end, it connects to the Norfolk Southern Railway's Reading Line; its east end is at Norfolk Southern's Lehigh Line which parallels the R&N's Lehigh Division.

neg: Nypano Railroad The Nypano Railroad, earlier the New York, Pennsylvania and Ohio Railroad, was organized from the bankrupt Atlantic and Great Western Railroad in March 1880.

neg: Borusan Borusan Holding A.Ş. is a Turkish industrial group headquartered in Istanbul, Turkey. The company operates through the following segments: steel, distributorships, energy, and logistics.

neg: Chicago and Western Indiana Railroad The Chicago and Western Indiana Railroad (reporting mark CWI) was the owner of Dearborn Station in Chicago and the trackage leading to it. It was owned equally by five of the railroads using it to reach the terminal, and kept those companies from needing their own lines into the city. It is now a subsidiary of the Union Pacific Corporation.

neg: RR Donnelley RR Donnelley is a Fortune 500 integrated communications company that provides marketing and business communications, commercial printing, and related services. Its corporate headquarters are located in Chicago, Illinois, USA.

neg: Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad The Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad (PW&B) was an American railroad company itself a result of merger of four small lines dating from the earliest days of American railroading in the late 1820s and early 1830s, that operated from 1836, until being bought by a larger regional line in 1881, with a merger into a longer Northeast Corridor railway in 1902. It built the first rail line south from Philadelphia into The South.

neg: Universal Corporation Universal Corporation () is one of the world's leading tobacco merchants. Incorporated in 1918, Universal has headquarters in Richmond, Virginia, in the United States.

neg: Norris Locomotive Works The Norris Locomotive Works was a steam locomotive manufacturing company based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, that produced nearly one thousand railroad engines between 1832 and 1866. It was the dominant American locomotive producer during most of that period, as well as the first major exporter of American locomotives, selling its popular 4-2-0 engines to railways in Europe and building the first locomotive used in South America.

neg: American Line The American Line was a shipping company founded in 1871 and based in Philadelphia. It began as part of the Pennsylvania Railroad, although the railroad got out of the shipping business soon after founding the company. In 1902, it became part of the International Navigation Co., with the American Line generally handling traffic between the United States ports of Philadelphia and New York City and the British ports of Liverpool and Southampton. Sister company Red Star Line handled traffic between America and the European continent, primarily through Antwerp, Belgium. The company's most prominent president was Clement Griscom, who led the company from 1888 to 1902 and worked as a company executive for its entire existence. During its existence, the company was the largest American shipping company, rivalled only by the smaller, Baltimore-based Atlantic Transport Lines, although this distinction is a marginal one, as all American oceanic shipping concerns were dwarfed by British companies such as the White Star Line or Cunard Line and German ones such as HAPAG.

neg: Atlanta, Birmingham and Coast Railroad The Atlanta, Birmingham and Coast Railroad was organized in 1926 to replace the Atlanta, Birmingham and Atlantic Railway. The AB&C was controlled by the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad, which owned a majority of the stock. In 1944 it reported 763 million net ton-miles of revenue freight and 33 million passenger-miles; at the end of that year it operated 639 miles of road and 836 miles of track.

neg: New England Southern Railroad The New England Southern Railroad (reporting mark NEGS) is a railroad that operates out of Canterbury, New Hampshire, and serves industries in Concord and central New Hampshire, in the United States.


query: What televsion network owned by the Hearst Corporation and Disney did Gene Simmons have a show on?

pos: Nick Simmons Nicholas Adam Tweed-Simmons is a reality television personality, and the son of musician Gene Simmons. He is best known for starring in the A&E network "Gene Simmons Family Jewels".

pos: A&E (TV channel) A&E (previously Arts & Entertainment Network) is an American digital cable and satellite television network that serves as the flagship television property of A&E Networks, a joint venture between the Hearst Corporation and Disney–ABC Television Group subsidiary of the Walt Disney Company (both of which maintain a 50% ownership interest).

neg: Worldstar Headquarters Worldstar Headquarters is an American sitcom television series on Russell Simmons' All Def Digital Network that follows a fictional team behind one of the most visited websites in America, Worldstarhiphop.com.

neg: Lifetime Entertainment Services ABC and the Hearst Corporation in January 1981 formed a joint venture, Hearst/ABC Video Services (HAVS), to provide programming to Alpha Repertory Television Service and launch BETA, a women's cable service, later that year. Beta was supposed to operate four hours a day and be supported by advertising. HAVS instead launched the service under the name Daytime in March 1982.

neg: King World Productions King World Productions, Inc. (also known as King World Entertainment, King World Enterprises, or simply King World) was a production company and a syndicator of television programming in the United States until its eventual 2007 incorporation into CBS Television Distribution. The company continues to exist on paper as an intellectual property holder, and under the moniker KWP Studios (the initials standing for King World Productions) to hold the copyright for the TV show "Rachael Ray".

neg: Nickelodeon (Latin America) Nickelodeon Latin America is a cable and satellite television channel, counterpart of the American network Nickelodeon. It is oriented to the Spanish-speaking countries of Latin American and the Caribbean, mainly for children and teens. It is owned by MTV Networks Latin America. The channel was launched on December 20, 1996. It includes shows like Skimo and the hit teen drama Isa TKM and its successor Isa TK+.

neg: Viacom Entertainment Store Viacom Entertainment Store was a proposed chain of merchandise stores offering product based on Viacom owned properties, including Star Trek, Nickelodeon, MTV, VH1, and other Paramount Pictures properties.

neg: TeenNick TeenNick is an American digital cable and satellite television channel that is owned by Nickelodeon Group, a unit of the Viacom Media Networks division of Viacom. Aimed primarily at teenagers aged 13-18, the channel features a mix of original programming, Nickelodeon-produced series, and acquired programs initially geared towards pre-teens and young teenagers.

neg: H2 (A&E Networks) H2 is a brand name owned by A&E Networks (a joint venture between the Hearst Corporation, and the Disney–ABC Television Group division of The Walt Disney Company), used for a sister television channel of History. The brand was debuted in September 2011 when History International in the United States was relaunched as H2. The brand was expanded outside the U.S. since then. H2 in the United States was relaunched on February 29, 2016 as Viceland, but the H2 brand is still used for sister channels to History in other markets.

neg: ESPN Films ESPN Films (formerly known as ESPN Original Entertainment) is a production company which produces and distributes sports films and documentaries. It is owned by ESPN Inc., a joint venture between the Disney–ABC Television Group division of The Walt Disney Company (which owns a controlling 80% stake) and the Hearst Corporation (which owns the remaining 20%).

neg: America (U.S. TV series) America is an American lifestyle and variety talk show that aired weekday afternoons in syndication during the 1985-86 television season. The program premiered on September 16, 1985 and was initially hosted by Stuart Damon, Sarah Purcell, McLean Stevenson and Olivia Moens, with Charlie O'Donnell announcing. "America" was recorded before a live studio audience.

neg: Sports Geniuses Sports Geniuses was an American sports-themed game show that aired for 65 episodes from March 27, 2000 until June 23, 2000 on cable channel Fox Sports Net. It was the network's second game show ("Ultimate Fan League" was the first, airing in 1998 and 1999, and only other).

neg: Esquire Network Esquire Network was an American digital cable network that was a 50/50 joint venture between NBCUniversal and the Hearst Corporation. The network carried programs aimed at a metrosexual audience centering on travel, cooking, sports and fashion, along with reruns of popular sitcoms and dramas.

neg: Star Search Star Search is an American television show that was produced by T.P.E./Rysher Entertainment from 1983 to 1995, hosted by Ed McMahon, and created by Alfred Masini. A relaunch was produced by 2929 Productions from 2003 to 2004. On both versions of the show, contestants competed in several genres of entertainment. The show was originally filmed at the old Earl Carroll Theatre (now known as Nickelodeon on Sunset), at 6230 Sunset Blvd. in Hollywood and later at the Disney Hollywood Studios in Orlando, Florida.

neg: Just Kidding (TV series) Just Kidding is a Canadian live-action hidden camera reality series that first aired on February 3, 2013 on its original channel, Teletoon, and November 19, 2012 on Disney XD. It is not broadcast on Télétoon due to TVA's broadcasting rights of the series in French-Canadian territories. However, on September 1, 2015, The series moved over to La chaîne Disney. The series has also been broadcast in the UK (CBBC), France, Australia, Poland, Brazil, Spain, Norway and Sweden. Unlike the international versions, the Disney XD version is hosted by YouTube sensation Zach Fox, and the Disney XD stars Jason Earles and Tyrel Jackson Williams, and since 2014, is hosted by the Disney Channel star Calum Worthy. In 2014, "Just Kidding" (along with other live-action Teletoon shows, "My Babysitter's a Vampire", and "R.L. Stine's The Haunting Hour") has moved from Teletoon to YTV. The series got cancelled on November 30, 2014.

neg: Decades (TV network) Decades is an American digital broadcast television network that is owned as a joint venture between the CBS Television Stations subsidiary of CBS Corporation and Weigel Broadcasting. The network, which is primarily carried on the digital subchannels of television stations, mainly airs classic television sitcoms and drama series from the 1950s through the 2000s, feature films from the same period, along with historical news and documentary programming.

neg: Military History (TV channel) Military History is an American digital cable and satellite television channel that is owned by A+E Networks, a joint venture between the Disney–ABC Television Group subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company and the Hearst Corporation (which each own 50%). The channel features programs about the history of the military and significant combat events.

neg: The Big Breakfast (Australian TV program) The Big Breakfast was an Australian children's breakfast television series presented by Tim Bailey that aired on Network Ten from 21 December 1992 until 5 July 1995. The series aired every weekday morning from 7:00am to 8:30am and later from 6:30am to 8:30am (same timeslots as several over Australian children's breakfast television series such as "Cheez TV" and "Agro's Cartoon Connection") and featured competitions, music videos and cartoons such as "X-Men", "Biker Mice from Mars", "The Ren and Stimpy Show", "Dungeons and Dragons", "Bobby's World", "The Incredible Hulk", "Speed Racer", "Eek! The Cat", "Transformers", "The Adventures of Teddy Ruxpin", "Mighty Mouse and Friends", "Bionic Six", "The Adventures of T-Rex", "Fievel's American Tails", "Piggsburg Pigs!", "Back to the Future", "Garfield and Friends", "Exo-Squad", "Conan the Adventurer", "Peter Pan and the Pirates", "Wizards" and "Adventures of Sonic the Hedgehog" and a few live-action shows such as the American sitcoms "Bewitched" and "I Dream of Jeannie" and the American children's super hero series "Superhuman Samurai Syber-Squad" as well as the Australian children's wildlife series "Totally Wild" in which Bailey also presented.

neg: MTV2 MTV2 (formerly M2) is an American digital cable and satellite television channel owned by Viacom Global Entertainment Group, a unit of the Viacom Media Networks division of Viacom. The channel was initially broadcast over-the-air in selected markets, where the former all-request music channel known as The Box was broadcast (which was acquired by MTV Networks in 2001 for the sole purpose of conversion to MTV2).

neg: Knowledge TV Knowledge TV was a cable television channel owned by Jones Media Group that broadcast educational programming. The network was established in November 1987 as Mind Extension University. Through a partnership with more than 30 colleges and universities, accredited college courses were broadcast. Students would submit papers and assignments either by mail or fax. By January 1997, the network was renamed Knowledge TV, and by that time it was carrying several programs dealing with new media and Silicon Valley businesses, including "New Media News" from KRON-TV in San Francisco, and many computer education programs such as Stewart Cheifet's "Computer Chronicles". The network reached about 25 million subscribers, although many cable systems only carried the network part-time, using it to fill downtime on public access networks and late night paid programming blocks on networks such as Discovery Channel.

neg: Win, Lose or Draw Win, Lose or Draw is an American television game show that aired from 1987 to 1990 in syndication and on NBC. It was taped at CBS Television City, often in Studios 31, 33, and 43 at various times. It was co-produced by Burt & Bert Productions (headed by Burt Reynolds and Bert Convy, the original host of the syndicated version) and Kline & Friends for Disney's Buena Vista Television. It has also had two versions on The Disney Channel: "Teen Win, Lose or Draw" from 1989 to 1992, and a revived version known as "Disney's Win, Lose or Draw" which premiered in 2014.

neg: Tuff TV Tuff TV is an American digital broadcast television network targeted at men owned by the Tuff TV Network, LLC. Tuff TV launched on June 30, 2009. The network was founded by E. Lamar "Lou" Seals, III, chairman and chief executive officer of Seals Entertainment Company, LLC, parent company of Tuff TV Network. The Network Uses 480i.


query: Strike a Pose profiles the dancers who performed with a singer born in which year ?

pos: Strike a Pose Strike a Pose is a Belgian-Dutch documentary film, which premiered in the Panorama section of the 2016 Berlinale. Directed by Ester Gould and Reijer Zwaan, the film profiles the dancers who performed with Madonna on her Blond Ambition World Tour in 1990.

pos: Madonna (entertainer) Madonna Louise Ciccone ( ; born August 16, 1958) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and businesswoman. A leading presence during the emergence of MTV in the 1980s, Madonna is known for pushing the boundaries of lyrical content in mainstream popular music, as well as visual imagery in music videos and on stage. She has also frequently reinvented both her music and image while maintaining autonomy within the recording industry. Besides sparking controversy, her works have been acclaimed by music critics. Referred to as the "Queen of Pop", Madonna is widely cited as an influence by other artists.

neg: Kelly Ripa Kelly Maria Ripa (born October 2, 1970) is an American actress, dancer, talk show host, and television producer.

neg: Toni Braxton Toni Michelle Braxton (born October 7, 1967) is an American singer, songwriter, pianist, record producer, actress, television personality, and philanthropist. Rising to fame in the early 1990s, Braxton quickly established herself as an R&B icon and became one of the best-selling artists of the 1990s decade, and being recognized as one of the most outstanding voices of her generation.

neg: Freddie Starr Freddie Starr (born Frederick Leslie Fowell, 9 January 1943) is an English comedian, impressionist, singer and actor. Starr was the lead singer of Merseybeat pop group the Midniters during the early 1960s, and came to prominence in the early 1970s after appearing on "Opportunity Knocks" and the Royal Variety Performance.

neg: Midori (actress) Michele Watley, better known for her stage name Midori (born July 19, 1968), is an American singer, dancer, actress and former pornographic actress. She was inducted into the AVN Hall of Fame in 2009.

neg: Health and appearance of Michael Jackson Michael Jackson (August 29, 1958 – June 25, 2009) was an American singer who spent over four decades in the public eye, first as a child star with The Jackson 5, and later as a solo artist, during which time he went through various image changes. Starting in the mid-1980s, it became clear that Jackson's appearance was changing dramatically. The shape of his face, particularly his nose, triggered widespread speculation of extensive cosmetic surgery. His skin tone became much lighter. Although Jackson, a black man, was diagnosed with the skin disorder vitiligo, which results in white patches on the skin, and said that he had not purposely bleached his skin but had used makeup to even out his skin tone, it was also widely suggested that his lighter skin tone was partly due to skin bleaching.

neg: Cissy King Claire Yvonne “Cissy” King (born January 3, 1946) is an American-born singer and dancer best known as a featured performer on "The Lawrence Welk Show" television program.

neg: Randy Jackson (The Jacksons) Steven Randall "Randy" Jackson (born October 29, 1961) is an American singer-songwriter, musician and dancer. Jackson is best known as a former member of his family band, The Jacksons. Jackson was the youngest son and the second youngest Jackson sibling before his sister Janet Jackson was born.

neg: Lisa Gaye Leslie Gaye Griffin (March 6, 1935 – July 14, 2016), better known as Lisa Gaye, was an American actress, singer, and dancer.

neg: Dorothy Provine Dorothy Michelle Provine (January 20, 1935 – April 25, 2010) was an American singer, dancer, actress, and comedienne.

neg: Anna Book Anna Book Toledano (born Anna Maria Therés Book on 10 September 1970) is a Swedish pop singer. She participated in "Let's Dance", in 2006 and finished in second place with dancer David Watson.

neg: Becky Gulsvig Rebecca Lynn "Becky" Gulsvig (born August 25, 1982) is an American actress, singer, and dancer.

neg: Mia Frye Mia Frye (born 12 February 1965) is an American actress, singer, professional dancer and dance choreographer who lives and works in France.

neg: Adrienne Bailon Adrienne Eliza Houghton (née Bailon; born October 24, 1983) is an American singer-songwriter, recording artist, actress, dancer and television personality. Adrienne Bailon first became publicly known when she rose to fame as one of the founding members and singer of both 3LW (1999–2007) and Disney's The Cheetah Girls (2003–2008).

neg: Natalie (singer) Natalie Nicole Alvarado (born September 2, 1979), better known simply as Natalie, is a former American R&B singer and songwriter.

neg: Diana Darvey Diana Magdalene Roloff (21 April 1945 – 11 April 2000), known professionally as Diana Darvey, was an English actress, singer and dancer, best known for her appearances on "The Benny Hill Show".

neg: Loona Marie-José van der Kolk (born September 16, 1974), better known by her stage name Loona, is a Dutch singer, songwriter and dancer.

neg: Jeffree Star Jeffree Star (born Jeffrey Lynn Steininger on November 15, 1985) is an American singer-songwriter, make-up artist, fashion designer and model from Orange County, California. He started his music career on MySpace with over 25 million plays on his self-released music. After releasing two extended plays, Star released his debut album, "Beauty Killer" (2009), under Popsicle Records. Star is also known for his fashion line, Beauty Forever, and his transgressive, gender-bending appearance and persona.

neg: Anthony Neely Anthony Neely (born May 20, 1986) is an American-Taiwanese singer and actor. His father is of Euro-American descent and his mother is Taiwanese. In 2009, Neely participated in popular singing competition, "One Million Star" (Season 5) as a PK (Player Kill) challenger. His performances created huge sensations after receiving full marks of 25 points on three occasions, and also being the first in the reality show's history to score a record 33 out of 25 points.

neg: Maureen Potter Maria Philomena Potter (3 January 1925 – 7 April 2004), known as Maureen Potter, was an Irish singer, actor, comedian and performer.

neg: Carol Raye Carol Raye (born 17 January 1923) is a retired English-born singer and dancer, theatre and television and film actress and comedian.


query: Angela Sarafyan and Tim Kurkjian, are on TV series programs?

pos: Angela Sarafyan Angela Sarafyan (Armenian: Անժելա Սարաֆյան , born June 30, 1983) is an Armenian American actress. She is sometimes credited as Angela Sarafian. She portrays Clementine Pennyfeather on the HBO series "Westworld".

pos: Tim Kurkjian Timothy Bell "Tom" Kurkjian ( ; born December 10, 1956) is a Major League Baseball analyst on ESPN's "Baseball Tonight" and "SportsCenter". He is also a contributor to "ESPN The Magazine" and "ESPN.com." He guests on "Mike and Mike in the Morning" on Thursdays at 7:44 AM, discussing the latest in happenings in Major League Baseball. He is a frequent contributor to Buster Olney's podcast. He also appears on The Dan LeBatard Show.

neg: Almost Grown (TV series) Almost Grown is an American television drama series about a couple (played by Tim Daly and Eve Gordon), whose lives are explored during three time periods of their lives. The series was well received by critics, but aired for only 10 episodes between 27 November 1988 and 20 February 1989 due to low ratings (it was placed in the same timeslot as "Monday Night Football" and "The NBC Monday Movie").

neg: Silicon Valley (TV series) Silicon Valley is an American comedy television series created by Mike Judge, John Altschuler and Dave Krinsky. The series focuses on five young men who founded a startup company in Silicon Valley. The series premiered on April 6, 2014 on HBO.

neg: Sarah Kucserka Sarah Anne Kucserka (born September 8, 1976) is an American television producer and writer.

neg: Flying High (TV series) Flying High is an American comedy-drama television series, created by Dawn Aldredge and Martin Cohan, starring Kathryn Witt, Connie Sellecca, Pat Klous and Howard Platt. The series aired on CBS from August 28, 1978 to January 23, 1979.

neg: Young Americans (TV series) Young Americans is an American television drama created by Steven Antin. The show debuted on July 12, 2000 on The WB network as a summer replacement for, and spin-off from another Columbia TriStar Television production, "Dawson's Creek". The series was originally ordered for the 1999–2000 television season with a planned fall debut, but was delayed due to unresolved matters between the ColumbiaTriStar and The WB. The main character, Will Krudski, was introduced late in season three of "Dawson's Creek" as a childhood friend of the group who has kept in contact with Pacey Witter. The show explores themes of forbidden love, morality, social classes and gender roles.

neg: Ghost Whisperer (season 2) The second season of "Ghost Whisperer", an American television series created by John Gray, commenced airing in the United States on September 22, 2006, concluded May 11, 2007, and consisted of 22 episodes. The series follows the life of Melinda Gordon (Jennifer Love Hewitt), who has the ability to see and communicate with ghosts. While trying to live as normal a life as possible—she is married and owns an antique store—Melinda helps earthbound spirits resolve their problems and cross over into the Light, or the spirit world. Her tasks are difficult and at times she struggles with people who push her away and disbelieve her ability. In addition, the ghosts are mysterious and sometimes menacing in the beginning and Melinda must use the clues available to her to understand the spirit's needs and help them.

neg: TV 101 TV 101 is an American drama series that aired on CBS from 1988 until 1989. The series stars Sam Robards, Brynn Thayer, Leon Russom and Andrew Cassese. Other notable cast members include Stacey Dash, Teri Polo, Alex Désert and Matt LeBlanc. The music for this show was created and produced by Todd Rundgren.

neg: American Crime (TV series) American Crime is an American anthology crime drama television series that aired on ABC from March 5, 2015 to April 30, 2017. The series was created by John Ridley, and stars Felicity Huffman, Regina King and Timothy Hutton. The first season centers on race, class, and gender politics as it follows the lives of the participants in a trial who are forever changed during the legal process.

neg: The Electric Company (2009 TV series) The Electric Company is an American television series for young children ages 6 to 9 on PBS, derived from the 1971 series, and which has the same Alphakids from that series. The series premiered as a four-episode mini-marathon on PBS on January 23, 2009, then became a weekly series with an episode shown each Friday. On September 7, 2009, it became a daily series. Like the original, this version was produced by Sesame Workshop. The last new episode aired on April 4, 2011. A fourth season was planned, but the show was canceled before it went into production. Subsequent showings were reruns. The series was sometimes referred to as The New Electric Company to distinguish it from the 1970s series. It aired on PBS Kids Go! from 2009 to 2013.

neg: Shark (TV series) Shark is an American legal drama created by Ian Biederman that originally aired on CBS from September 21, 2006 to May 20, 2008. The series stars James Woods.

neg: Better with You Better with You is an American romantic sitcom TV show starring Joanna Garcia Swisher and Jennifer Finnigan. The series aired on Wednesdays at 8:30 pm Eastern/7:30 pm Central on ABC and ran from September 22, 2010 to May 11, 2011.

neg: Melinda Hsu Taylor Melinda Hsu Taylor is an American television writer and producer.

neg: Team Knight Rider Team Knight Rider (TKR) is a syndicated television series that was adapted from the "Knight Rider" franchise and ran between 1997 and 1998. "TKR" was created by writer/producers Rick Copp and David A. Goodman, based on the original series created by Glen A. Larson, who was an executive producer. "TKR" was produced by Gil Wadsworth and Scott McAboy and was distributed by Universal Domestic Television and ran only a single season of 22 one-hour episodes before it was canceled due to poor ratings.

neg: List of Copper episodes "Copper" is an American crime drama television series created for BBC America by Tom Fontana and Will Rokos, who serve as executive producers along with Barry Levinson. The series stars Tom Weston-Jones as Kevin "Corky" Corcoran, a New York police officer in the Five Points area, Kyle Schmid as his friend and former commanding officer, the wealthy Robert Morehouse, Ato Essandoh as African-American physician Dr. Matthew Freeman, and Franka Potente as Five Points madam Eva Heissen. The series is set in the waning days of the Civil War, in the poor, largely Irish areas of the city. A total of 23 episodes aired over two seasons.

neg: Happyish Happyish (stylized as HAPPYish) is an American dark satirical comedy-drama series created and written by Shalom Auslander and starring Steve Coogan, Kathryn Hahn, Bradley Whitford, Ellen Barkin and Hannah Hodson. Ken Kwapis helped develop the program and directed its pilot and three of the first season's episodes. It first aired on Showtime on April 5, 2015, as a sneak preview, before its official premiere on April 26, 2015. On July 24, 2015 citing low ratings "Happyish" was cancelled by Showtime.

neg: Supergirl (TV series) Supergirl is an American superhero action-adventure television series developed by Ali Adler, Greg Berlanti and Andrew Kreisberg (the latter two having previously created "Arrow" and "The Flash") that originally aired on CBS and premiered on October 26, 2015. It is based on the DC Comics character Supergirl, created by Otto Binder and Al Plastino, and stars Melissa Benoist in the title role. Supergirl is a costumed superheroine who is Superman's cousin and one of the last surviving Kryptonians.

neg: 48 Hours (TV series) 48 Hours is an American documentary/news magazine television series broadcast on CBS. The series has been broadcast on the network since January 19, 1988. The program airs Saturdays at 10:00 p.m. Eastern and Pacific Time, as part of the network's placeholder "Crimetime Saturday" block; as such, it is currently one of only two remaining first-run prime time programs (excluding sports) airing Saturday nights on the major U.S. broadcast television networks (along with Univision's "Sabadazo"). The program sometimes airs two-hour editions or two consecutive one-hour editions, depending on the subject involved or to serve as counterprogramming against other networks. The current senior executive producer is Susan Zirinsky. Zirinsky has served as executive producer since 1996.

neg: Ghost Adventures Ghost Adventures is an American television series about the paranormal that premiered on October 17, 2008, on the Travel Channel. Produced by MY-Tupelo Entertainment (a merger of MY Entertainment and Tupelo-Honey Productions), the program follows ghost hunters Zak Bagans, Nick Groff (seasons 1-10), and Aaron Goodwin as they investigate locations that are reported to be haunted. The show is introduced and narrated by Zak Bagans.

neg: To Love and Die To Love and Die is the title of an American television action comedy-drama starring Shiri Appleby and Tim Matheson, and created by Sara Goodman. The show was greenlit to series on the USA Network in July 2007, with a 12-episode order that was planned to air in 2008. The 2-hour pilot finally premiered on December 30, 2008 as a television movie, receiving little promotion. The series was believed to have been dropped by the channel.

neg: My Name Is Earl My Name Is Earl is an American sitcom series created by Greg Garcia that aired on the NBC television network from September 20, 2005, to December 16, 2008, in the United States. It was produced by 20th Century Fox Television and starred Jason Lee as Earl Hickey, the title character. The series also stars Ethan Suplee, Jaime Pressly, Nadine Velazquez, and Eddie Steeples.


query: On War Against the Turk was a book written during the critical period marked by the first attempt by the Ottoman Empire to capture the city of what?

pos: On War Against the Turk On War Against the Turk (German: "Vom Kriege wider die Türken") was a book written by Martin Luther in 1528 and published in 1529. It was one of several pamphlets and sermons by Martin Luther about Islam and resistance to the Ottoman Empire, during the critical period of territorial expansion of the Ottoman Empire in Europe, marked by the capture of Buda in 1526 and the Siege of Vienna in 1529.

pos: Siege of Vienna The Siege of Vienna in 1529 was the first attempt by the Ottoman Empire, led by Suleiman the Magnificent, to capture the city of Vienna, Austria. The siege signalled the pinnacle of the Ottoman Empire's power and the maximum extent of Ottoman expansion in central Europe. Thereafter, 150 years of bitter military tension and reciprocal attacks ensued, culminating in the Battle of Vienna of 1683, which marked the start of the 15-year-long Great Turkish War.

neg: Capture of Algiers (1516) The Capture of Algiers in 1516 was accomplished by the Ottoman brothers Oruç and Hayreddin Barbarossa against Sālim al-Tūmī, the ruler of the city of Algiers.

neg: Treaty of Adrianople (1568) The Treaty of Adrianople of 1568 or Treaty of Edirne of 1568, named after the Ottoman city of Adrianople (present-day Edirne), and signed on 17 February 1568 between Maximilian II and Selim II. It concluded the Austrian-Turkish War (1566-1568) after Battle of Szigetvár, and brought a period of 25 years of relative peace between both empires.

neg: Capture of Fez (1576) The Capture of Fez occurred in 1576 at the Moroccan city of Fez, when an Ottoman Empire force from Algiers supported Abd al-Malek in gaining the throne of Morocco against his nephew and rival claimant Mulay Muhammed. About 10,000 Ottoman soldiers participated in the campaign. This campaign followed a short-lived Ottoman capture of Fez in 1554.

neg: Ottoman Syria Ottoman Syria refers to the parts of modern-day Syria or of Greater Syria which were subjected to Ottoman rule, anytime between the Ottoman conquests on the Mamluk Sultanate in the early 16th century and the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire in 1922.

neg: Ottoman–Hungarian wars The Ottoman–Hungarian Wars were a series of battles between the Ottoman Empire and the medieval Kingdom of Hungary. Following the Byzantine Civil War, the Ottoman capture of Gallipoli and the decisive Battle of Kosovo, the Ottoman Empire seemed poised to conquer the whole of the Balkans. However, the Ottoman invasion of Serbia drove Hungary to war against the Ottomans, competing for the vassalship of the states of Serbia, Wallachia and Moldavia.

neg: Partition of the Ottoman Empire The partition of the Ottoman Empire (Armistice of Mudros, 30 October 1918 – Abolition of the Ottoman Sultanate, 1 November 1922) was a political event that occurred after World War I and the occupation of Constantinople by British, French and Italian troops in November 1918. The partitioning was planned in several agreements made by the Allies early in the course of World War I, notably the Sykes-Picot Agreement. As world war loomed, the Ottoman Empire sought protection but was rejected by Britain, France, and Russia, and finally formed the Ottoman–German Alliance. The huge conglomeration of territories and peoples that formerly comprised the Ottoman Empire was divided into several new states. The Ottoman Empire had been the leading Islamic state in geopolitical, cultural and ideological terms. The partitioning of the Ottoman Empire led to the rise in the Middle East of Western powers such as Britain and France and brought the creation of the modern Arab world and the Republic of Turkey. Resistance to the influence of these powers came from the Turkish national movement but did not become widespread in the post-Ottoman states until after World War II.

neg: Ottoman invasion of Otranto The Ottoman invasion of Otranto occurred between 1480 and 1481 at the Italian city of Otranto in Apulia, southern Italy. Forces of the Ottoman Empire invaded and laid siege to the city and its citadel. After capture, more than 800 of its inhabitants were supposedly executed. The Martyrs of Otranto are still celebrated in Italy. A year later the Ottoman garrison surrendered the city following a siege by Christian forces.

neg: Ottoman Tunisia Ottoman Tunis refers to the episode of the Turkish presence in Ifriqiya during the course of three centuries from the 16th century until the 18th century, when Tunis was officially integrated into the Ottoman Empire as the Eyalet of Tunis (province). Eventually including all of the Maghrib except Morocco, the Ottoman Empire began with the takeover of Algiers in 1516 by the Ottoman Turkish corsair and beylerbey Oruç Reis. The first Ottoman conquest of Tunis took place in 1534 under the command of Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha, the younger brother of Oruç Reis, who was the Kapudan Pasha of the Ottoman Fleet during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent. However, it wasn't until the final Ottoman reconquest of Tunis from Spain in 1574 under Kapudan Pasha Uluç Ali Reis that the Turks permanently acquired the former Hafsid Tunisia, retaining it until the French occupation of Tunisia in 1881.

neg: Yıldız assassination attempt A failed assassination attempted on Sultan Abdul Hamid II by the Armenian Revolutionary Federation at Yıldız Mosque took place on 21 July 1905 in the Ottoman capital Constantinople. "The Times" described the incident as "one of the greatest and most sensational political conspiracies of modern times."

neg: Capture of Mahdiye (1550) The capture of Mahdia was an amphibious military operation that took place from June to September, 1550, during the struggle between the Ottoman Empire and the Spanish Habsburgs for the control of the Mediterranean. A Spanish naval expedition under the command of the Genoese condottiero and admiral Andrea Doria and the Spaniard Bernardino de Mendoza, supported by the Knights of Malta under their Grand Master Claude de la Sengle, besieged and captured the Ottoman stronghold of Mahdia or Mahdiye, defended by the Ottoman Admiral Turgut Reis, known as "Dragut", who was using the place as a base for his piratical activities throughout the Spanish and Italian coasts. Mahdia was abandoned by Spain three years later, and all its fortifications were demolished to avoid a re-occupation of the city by the Ottomans.

neg: Battle of Jeddah (1813) The Battle of Jeddah (Turkish: Cidde Muharebesi ) was fought in 1813 at the west Arabian port of Jeddah as part of the Ottoman–Saudi War. The Ottoman army of Tusun Pasha arrived from Medina, and a new army led by his father Mohammed Ali Pasha arrived from Egypt. The Egyptian forces recaptured the city immediately, and the Ottoman-appointed Sharif was sent to Constantinople as a prisoner. A few days later, these forces captured Mecca itself, and Sultan Mahmud II restored Ghalib Efendi as the Sharif of Hejaz.

neg: Ottoman–Mamluk War (1516–17) The Ottoman–Mamluk War of 1516–1517 was the second major conflict between the Egypt-based Mamluk Sultanate and the Ottoman Empire, which led to the fall of the Mamluk Sultanate and the incorporation of the Levant, Egypt and the Hejaz as provinces of the Ottoman Empire. The war transformed the Ottoman Empire from a realm at the margins of the Islamic world, mainly located in Anatolia and the Balkans, to a huge empire encompassing the traditional lands of Islam, including the cities of Mecca, Cairo, Damascus and Aleppo. It continued to be ruled however from Constantinople.

neg: Siege of Belgrade (1789) In the Siege of Belgrade from 15 September to 8 October 1789, an army of Habsburg Austria led by Feldmarschall Ernst Gideon Freiherr von Laudon besieged an Ottoman Turkish force in the fortress of Belgrade. After a three-week leaguer, the Austrians stormed and captured the fortress. Austria held the city until 1791 when it handed Belgrade back to the Ottomans according to the terms of the peace treaty. Several Austrian soldiers who distinguished themselves during the siege later held important commands in the French Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars. Belgrade is the capital of modern Serbia.

neg: Siege of Zara The Siege of Zara or Siege of Zadar (Croatian: "Opsada Zadra" , Hungarian: "Zára ostroma" ; 10–24 November 1202) was the first major action of the Fourth Crusade and the first attack against a Catholic city by Catholic crusaders. The crusaders had an agreement with Venice for transport across the sea, but the price far exceeded what they were able to pay. Venice set the condition that the crusaders help them capture Zadar (or Zara), a constant battleground between Venice on one side and Croatia and Hungary on the other, whose king, Emeric, pledged himself to join the Crusade. Although a part of the crusaders refused to take part in the siege, the attack on Zadar began in November 1202 despite letters from Pope Innocent III forbidding such an action and threatening excommunication. Zadar fell on 24 November and the Venetians and the crusaders sacked the city. After spending the winter in Zadar the Fourth Crusade continued its campaign, which led to the Siege of Constantinople.

neg: Siege of Belgrade (1806) The Siege of Belgrade (Serbian: Опсада Београда/Opsada Beograda ) was carried out by the Serbian rebels led by Karađorđe, seeking to overthrow the Ottoman government in the Sanjak of Smederevo, which was seated in the Belgrade Fortress. Following the decisive victories at Mišar (12–15 August) and Deligrad (September), the Serbian rebels marched towards Belgrade.

neg: Rûm Eyalet Eyalet of Rûm (Ottoman Turkish: ایالت روم; Eyālet-i Rūm ; originally Arabic for Eastern Roman Empire), later named as the Eyalet of Sivas (Ottoman Turkish: ایالت سیواس; Eyālet-i Sīvās ), was an Ottoman eyalet in northern Anatolia, founded following Bayezid I's conquest of the area in the 1390s. The capital was the city of Amasya, which was then moved to Tokat and later to Sivas. Its reported area in the 19th century was 28912 sqmi .

neg: Siege of Antioch (1268) The Siege of Antioch occurred in 1268 when the Mamelukes under Baibars finally succeeded in capturing the city of Antioch. Prior to the siege, the Crusader Principality was oblivious to the loss of the city, as demonstrated when Baibars sent negotiators to the leader of the former Crusader state and mocked his use of "Prince" in the title Prince of Antioch.

neg: Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78 (Turkish: "93 Harbi ('93 War)" ) was a conflict between the Ottoman Empire and the Eastern Orthodox coalition led by the Russian Empire and composed of Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro. Fought in the Balkans and in the Caucasus, it originated in emerging 19th-century Balkan nationalism. Additional factors included Russian hopes of recovering territorial losses suffered during the Crimean War, re-establishing itself in the Black Sea and supporting the political movement attempting to free Balkan nations from the Ottoman Empire.

neg: Siege of Jerusalem (636–637) The Siege of Jerusalem was part of a military conflict which took place in the year 637 between the Byzantine Empire and the Rashidun Caliphate. It began when the Rashidun army, under the command of Abu Ubaidah, besieged Jerusalem in November 636. After six months, the Patriarch Sophronius agreed to surrender, on condition that he submit only to the Rashidun caliph. In April 637, Caliph Umar traveled to Jerusalem in person to receive the submission of the city. The Patriarch thus surrendered to him.

neg: Siege of Pécs The Siege of Pécs was fought from 14 to 22 October 1686, in the city of Pécs in southwestern Hungary, between the armies of the Ottoman Empire and of the Holy Roman Empire.