query: The 1999 commissioner of the IFL was widely recognized as the greatest what?

pos: Indoor Football League (1999–2000) The Indoor Football League (IFL) began in 1999 as an offshoot of the troubled Professional Indoor Football League. Keary Ecklund, the owner of the Green Bay Bombers and Madison Mad Dogs, left the PIFL after its first, financially troubled, season to start his own league. Unlike the PIFL, the IFL was an "entity league"; teams were owned by the league and franchised out to management groups. NFL Hall-of-Famer Kellen Winslow was brought in as commissioner. The league was successful enough for a major expansion in 2000. Expansion was done regionally to cut down on travel expenses. Hence, the majority of the teams were in the Midwest.

pos: Kellen Winslow Kellen Boswell Winslow Sr. (born November 5, 1957) is a former American football player in the National Football League (NFL). A member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame (1995), he is widely recognized as one of the greatest tight ends in the league's history. Winslow played his entire NFL career from 1979 to 1987 with the San Diego Chargers after being selected in the first round of the 1979 NFL Draft. He played college football for the University of Missouri, where he was a consensus All-American. He was also inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame (2002).

neg: Don Bradman Sir Donald George Bradman, AC (27 August 1908 – 25 February 2001), often referred to as "The Don", was an Australian cricketer, widely acknowledged as the greatest batsman of all time. Bradman's career Test batting average of 99.94 is often cited as the greatest achievement by any sportsman in any major sport.

neg: Pete Rozelle Alvin Ray "Pete" Rozelle ( ; March 1, 1926 – December 6, 1996) was the commissioner of the National Football League for nearly thirty years, from January 1960 to November 1989, when he retired from office. He is credited with making the NFL into one of the most successful sports leagues in the world.

neg: Béla Illés Béla Illés (] ; born 27 April 1968 in Sárvár, Hungary) is a retired Hungarian football player who has spent most of his career playing for MTK Hungária FC. He is considered to be the greatest Hungarian footballer of the 1990s.

neg: Landon Donovan Landon Timothy Donovan (born March 4, 1982) is an American former professional soccer player who played as a forward and attacking midfielder. He holds numerous individual records in Major League Soccer (MLS) and for the United States national team and is often regarded as the greatest American men's soccer player of all-time.

neg: Black Sox Scandal The Black Sox Scandal was a Major League Baseball match fixing incident in which eight members of the Chicago White Sox were accused of intentionally losing the 1919 World Series against the Cincinnati Reds in exchange for money from a gambling syndicate led by Arnold Rothstein. The fallout from the scandal resulted in the appointment of Judge Kenesaw Mountain Landis as the first Commissioner of Baseball, granting him absolute control over the sport in order to restore its integrity.

neg: Wayne Gretzky 99 Award The Wayne Gretzky 99 Award is awarded annually to the Most Valuable Player in the Ontario Hockey League playoffs. It is named for Wayne Gretzky. It was first awarded in 1999.

neg: Joe Torre Joseph Paul Torre ( ; born July 18, 1940) is an American professional baseball executive, serving in the capacity of Major League Baseball's (MLB) chief baseball officer since 2011. A former player, manager and television color commentator, Torre ranks fifth all-time in MLB history with 2,326 wins as a manager. With 2,342 hits during his playing career, Torre is the only major leaguer to achieve both 2,000 hits and 2,000 wins as a manager. From 1996 to 2007, he was the manager of the New York Yankees, whom he guided to four World Series championships.

neg: Keith Miller Keith Ross Miller, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (28 November 1919 – 11 October 2004) was an Australian test cricketer and a Royal Australian Air Force pilot during World War II. Miller is widely regarded as Australia's greatest ever all-rounder. Because of his ability, irreverent manner and good looks he was a crowd favourite. English journalist Ian Wooldridge called Miller "the golden boy" of cricket, leading to his being nicknamed "Nugget". He "was more than a cricketer ... he embodied the idea that there was more to life than cricket".

neg: 100 Greatest (TV series) 100 Greatest is a long-running TV strand on Channel 4 in the United Kingdom that has been broadcasting since 1999. The "list show" programmes are generally public polls, and reflect the votes of visitors to the Channel 4 website. However, the results of some of the polls are determined by experts. The programmes are usually broadcast in the weekend schedule, in three- or four-hour blocks, throughout the year. They are also repeated on E4 on Saturday nights or on Sunday nights.

neg: Peter Leaver Peter Lawrence Oppenheim Leaver (born 28 November 1944) was Chief Executive of the Premier League from 1997 to 1999.

neg: Kick Kelly John O. "Kick" Kelly (October 31, 1856 – March 27, 1926), also nicknamed "Honest John" and "Diamond John," was an American catcher, manager and umpire in Major League Baseball who went on to become a boxing referee and to run gambling houses in his native New York City. He made a notable impact on the development of umpiring, helping to pioneer the use of multiple umpires in games in the 1880s. By the time he initially retired in 1888 , he held the record for most games umpired in the major leagues (587); he returned to work the last two months of the 1897 season.

neg: Florida State League Hall of Fame The Florida State League Hall of Fame was created in 2009 to honor the best players, managers, umpires and executives in the long history of the Florida State League. The inaugural class was selected by a committee and be officially enshrined in November. It included all current Hall of Famers who played in the FSL.

neg: The Greatest 33 The Greatest 33 is a list of top drivers from the history of the Indianapolis 500. In 2011, in celebration of the 100th anniversary of the first Indianapolis 500, the Indianapolis Motor Speedway gathered a panel of media and historians to establish 100 nominees for the best drivers who have participated in the Indianapolis 500 from 1911 to 2010. During the months leading up the race, fans were invited to vote on the best 33 among the nominees, and the finalists were announced in the days leading up to the 2011 race.

neg: William Arthur Irwin William Arthur Irwin, often credited as W. Arthur Irwin (May 27, 1898 – August 9, 1999), was a Canadian journalist and diplomat. He is best known for his work on "Maclean's", a magazine with which he held various positions across a quarter of a century. He also served as the Commissioner of the National Film Board of Canada (NFB), and as Canadian high commissioner or ambassador to various countries.

neg: Scott Butera Scott C. Butera is an American businessman, prominent entertainment and hospitality executive who is best known for being the C.E.O. at various casinos in the eastern United States. He is currently the commissioner of the Arena Football League (AFL).

neg: Chet Simmons Chester Robert "Chet" Simmons (July 11, 1928 – March 25, 2010) was a television executive. He worked at ABC Sports, NBC Sports and ESPN, and was the first Commissioner of the USFL. From 1957 to 1964, he helped build ABC Sports into a leader in sports programming and was a key part of the development of "Wide World of Sports". He joined NBC Sports in 1964 where he stayed for 15 years becoming the first President in 1977. At NBC, he pioneered instant replay and coverage of the Olympics and NCAA Men's Basketball Final Four. In 1979, he left NBC to join the soon to launch ESPN becoming its second President. At ESPN, he oversaw the launch of the Network, the development of "SportsCenter", the first broadcasts of the NFL Draft, coverage of the early rounds of the NCAA Men's Basketball Final Four and the development of Chris Berman, Bob Ley, George Grande, Greg Gumbel and Dick Vitale. In 1982, he became the first Commissioner of the United States Football League and led it through three Championships and players including Herschel Walker, Jim Kelly, Reggie White, Steve Young and Anthony Carter.

neg: Alan Rothenberg Alan I. Rothenberg (born April 10, 1939) is an American lawyer and sports executive. He is known for his contributions to and influence on the growth of soccer in the United States. He is the namesake of the Alan I. Rothenberg Trophy, which was awarded annually to the winner of the MLS Cup from 1996 to 1999. Rothenberg was president of U.S. Soccer (the governing body of American soccer) during the 1990s and oversaw the 1994 FIFA World Cup in the United States and the establishment of Major League Soccer in 1996.

neg: Lalit Modi Lalit Kumar Modi (born 29 November 1963, Delhi) is an Indian businessman and cricket administrator. He was the first Chairman and Commissioner of the Indian Premier League (IPL), and ran the tournament for three years until 2010. He also served as the Chairman of the Champions League during 2008–10. He was the Vice President of the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) during 2005–10. He has also served as the President of the Rajasthan Cricket Association (2005–09 and 2014–15), and as the Vice President of the Punjab Cricket Association.

neg: 1999 FIFA World Player of the Year The 1999 FIFA World Player of the Year award was won by Rivaldo with 536 points. David Beckham took second place, the highest ever position for an English footballer. Argentina striker Gabriel Batistuta came third.

neg: 1999–2000 Manchester United F.C. season The 1999–2000 season was Manchester United's eighth season in the Premier League, and their 25th consecutive season in the top division of English football. United won the Premier League title for the sixth time in eight seasons (with a record 18-point margin and 97 goals scored) as well as becoming the first British club to win the Intercontinental Cup when they defeated Palmeiras 1-0 in Tokyo. However, they surrendered their European Cup title with a 3–2 defeat by eventual champions Real Madrid in the quarter-finals. The club controversially did not defend their FA Cup crown, upon request by The Football Association, to compete in the inaugural FIFA Club World Championship in Brazil instead.


query: Shari McEwen admires a civil rights activist born in what year?

pos: Shari McEwan Shari McEwan (born c. 1987) is Miss Antigua and Barbuda Universe 2006. Her hobbies include dancing, modeling, traveling, music and reading. Born in Guyana, she stands at 5' 11" and admires Rosa Parks.

pos: Rosa Parks Rosa Louise McCauley Parks (February 4, 1913 – October 24, 2005) was an activist in the Civil Rights Movement, whom the United States Congress called "the first lady of civil rights" and "the mother of the freedom movement".

neg: Gloria Allred Gloria Rachel Allred ("née" Bloom; born July 3, 1941) is an American civil rights lawyer who is noted for taking high-profile and often controversial cases; she has been particularly involved with cases involving the protection of women's rights.

neg: Enolia McMillan Enolia Pettigen McMillan (October 20, 1904 – October 24, 2006) was an African American educator, civil rights activist, and community leader and the first female national president of the NAACP.

neg: Sally Huffer Sally Huffer (born September 17, 1965) is an American LGBT activist that resides in Houston (Texas, USA).

neg: E. E. Cleveland Edward Earl Cleveland (March 11, 1921 – August 30, 2009) commonly known as E. E. Cleveland was an author, civil rights advocate and evangelist of the Seventh-day Adventist Church.

neg: Carolyn McKecuen Carolyn McKecuen is President of the Take Our Daughters And Sons To Work Foundation.

neg: Robert McIlwaine Robert D. McIlwaine III (September 18, 1924 – February 21, 2015) was an American lawyer and public official. He is known for his defense of Virginia's policies of racial segregation in the civil rights cases in which he represented the state as a lawyer for the attorney general’s office, including "Loving v. Virginia".

neg: Harriot Stanton Blatch Harriot Eaton Stanton Blatch (January 20, 1856 – November 20, 1940) was a U.S. writer, suffragist, and the daughter of pioneering women's rights activist Elizabeth Cady Stanton.

neg: Virginia Foster Durr Virginia Foster Durr (August 6, 1903 – February 24, 1999) was an American and a white civil rights activist and lobbyist. She was born in Birmingham, Alabama in 1903 to Dr. Sterling Foster, an Alabama Presbyterian minister, and Ann Patterson Foster. At 22 she married lawyer Clifford Durr, with whom she had 5 children, one of whom died in infancy. Durr was a close friend of Rosa Parks and Eleanor Roosevelt, and was sister-in-law (through her sister's marriage) to and a good friend of Supreme Court Justice Hugo Black who sat on many crucial civil rights cases. Her circle of friends extended to Alger Hiss. She was inducted into the Alabama Women's Hall of Fame in 2006.

neg: Leslie B. McLemore Leslie Burt McLemore (born August 17, 1940) is an American civil rights activist and political leader from Jackson, Mississippi. He served as interim mayor of Jackson following the death of Frank Melton on May 7, 2009 until the inauguration of re-elected mayor Harvey Johnson, Jr. on July 3, 2009.

neg: Colonel Stone Johnson Colonel Stone Johnson (September 9, 1918 – January 19, 2012) was an African-American activist in the Civil Rights Movement. A railway worker and union representative by trade, he got involved in the civil rights movement in Birmingham, Alabama in the mid 1950s, working with Fred Shuttlesworth. He started a civil rights organization called the Civil Rights Guards that protected homes and business involved in the movement, usually while armed.

neg: Aurelia Browder Aurelia Shines Browder Coleman (January 29, 1919 – February 4, 1971) was an African-American civil rights activist in Montgomery, Alabama. In April 1955, almost eight months before the historic arrest of Rosa Parks and a month after the arrest of Claudette Colvin, she was arrested for refusing to give up her bus seat to a white rider.

neg: Thomas McCants Stewart Thomas McCants Stewart (December 28, 1853 – January 7, 1923) was an African American clergyman, lawyer and civil rights leader.

neg: Marvel Cooke Marvel Jackson Cooke (April 4, 1903 – November 29, 2000) was a pioneering American journalist, writer, and civil rights activist. She was the first African-American woman to work at a mainstream white-owned newspaper.

neg: Everett Dirksen Everett McKinley Dirksen (January 4, 1896 – September 7, 1969) was an American politician of the Republican Party. He represented Illinois in the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate. As Senate Minority Leader from 1959 to 1969, he played a highly visible and key role in the politics of the 1960s. He helped write and pass the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Civil Rights Act of 1968, both landmark pieces of legislation during the Civil Rights Movement. He was also one of the Senate's strongest supporters of the Vietnam War and was known as "The Wizard of Ooze" because of his flamboyant oratorical style.

neg: Dorothy Celeste Boulding Ferebee Dorothy Celeste Boulding Ferebee (October 10, 1898 – September 14, 1980) was an obstetrician and civil rights activist.

neg: James Orange James Edward Orange (October 29, 1942 – February 16, 2008) was a pastor and a leading civil rights activist in the Civil Rights Movement in America. He was assistant to Martin Luther King Jr. in the civil rights movement. Orange joined the civil rights marches led by King and Ralph Abernathy in Atlanta in 1963. Later he became a project coordinator for Southern Christian Leadership Conference, drawing young people into the movement.

neg: Arthur Fauset Arthur Huff Fauset (January 20, 1899 – September 2, 1983) was an American civil rights activist, anthropologist, folklorist, and educator. Born in Flemington, New Jersey, he grew up in Philadelphia, where he attended Central High School.

neg: Shari Shattuck Shari Shattuck (born November 18, 1960) is an American actress and author.

neg: C. T. Vivian Cordy Tindell Vivian, usually known as C. T. Vivian (born July 30, 1924), is a minister, author, and was a close friend and lieutenant of Martin Luther King Jr. during the Civil Rights Movement. Vivian continues to reside in Atlanta, Georgia and most recently founded the C. T. Vivian Leadership Institute, Inc. He is a member of the Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity.

neg: Bernice King Bernice Albertine King (born March 28, 1963) is an American minister best known as the youngest child of civil rights leaders Martin Luther King Jr. and Coretta Scott King. She was five years old when her father was assassinated. In her adolescence, King chose to work towards becoming a minister after having a breakdown from watching a documentary about her father. King was 17 when she was invited to speak at the United Nations. Twenty years after her father was assassinated, she preached her trial sermon. Inspired by her parents' activism, she was arrested multiple times during her early adulthood.


query: What is the name of the Arena in which the Oklahoma based team which traded in Jeffrey Lynn Green from the Boston Celtics, plays its home games?

pos: Jeff Green (basketball) Jeffrey Lynn Green (born August 28, 1986) is an American professional basketball player for the Cleveland Cavaliers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played three seasons of college basketball for Georgetown, before entering the 2007 NBA draft, where he was selected fifth overall by the Boston Celtics. He was subsequently traded to the Seattle SuperSonics (now known as the Oklahoma City Thunder). He spent four seasons with the franchise before being traded back to the Celtics during the 2010–11 season, where he played until 2015 before being traded to the Memphis Grizzlies. In 2016, he was traded to the Los Angeles Clippers. He spent half a season with the Clippers before joining the Magic following the 2015–16 season.

pos: Oklahoma City Thunder The Oklahoma City Thunder are an American professional basketball team based in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. The Thunder competes in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the league's Western Conference Northwest Division. The team plays its home games at Chesapeake Energy Arena.

neg: Oklahoma Sooners men's basketball The Oklahoma Sooners men's basketball team represents the University of Oklahoma in men's NCAA Division I basketball. The Sooners play in the Big 12 Conference.

neg: Nationwide Arena Nationwide Arena is a large multi-purpose arena, in Columbus, Ohio, United States. Since completion in 2000, the arena has served as the home of the Columbus Blue Jackets of the National Hockey League.

neg: James Center Arena James Center Arena is a 5,000 seat multi-purpose arena in Tuskegee, Alabama. It was built in 1987. It is the home of the Tuskegee University Golden Tigers basketball teams.

neg: History of the Boston Celtics The Boston Celtics are an American professional basketball team based in Boston. Founded in 1946 as a charter member of the Basketball Association of America, the Celtics then moved into the National Basketball Association (NBA) in 1949, as said league was formed by the merger of the BAA merged with the National Basketball League. Currently playing in the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference, the Celtics have the most NBA titles with 17 championships. Eleven of those occurred between 1957 and 1969, with a dynasty led by center Bill Russell and coach/general manager Red Auerbach. The Celtics won two more titles in the 1970s under coach Tom Heinsohn, and three more in the 1980s under the leadership of forward Larry Bird. After a 22-year drought, the Celtics got their latest title in 2008.

neg: List of Oklahoma Sooners head basketball coaches The Oklahoma Sooners men's basketball and women's basketball programs are college basketball teams that represents the University of Oklahoma. Both teams play at the Division I level of the National Collegiate Athletics Association (NCAA).

neg: 2016–17 Oklahoma Sooners women's basketball team The 2016–17 Oklahoma Sooners women's basketball team will represent the University of Oklahoma in the 2016–17 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Sooners are led by Sherri Coale in her twenty-first season. The team will play its home games at the Lloyd Noble Center in Norman, Oklahoma as a member of the Big 12 Conference. They finished the season 23–10, 13–5 in Big 12 play to finish in third place. They lost in the quarterfinals of the Big 12 Women's Tournament to West Virginia. They received at-large bid of the NCAA Women's Tournament where they defeated Gonzaga in the first round before losing to Washington in the second round.

neg: KFC Yum! Center The KFC Yum! Center is a multi-purpose sports arena in Downtown Louisville, Kentucky, United States. It is named after the KFC restaurant chain and Yum! Brands, the parent company of KFC. Adjacent to the Ohio River waterfront, it is located on Main Street between 2nd and 3rd Streets and opened on October 10, 2010. The arena is part of a $450 million project that includes a 975-car parking structure and floodwall.

neg: Hale Arena Hale Arena is a 5,000-seat multi-purpose arena in Kansas City, Missouri. It was built in 1992 and was home to the Kansas City Knights basketball team after they moved from Kemper Arena in 2003. It was named in honor of H.D. "Joe" Hale and his wife Joyce for their financial contribution.

neg: Florida Gators men's basketball The Florida Gators men's basketball team represents the University of Florida in the sport of basketball. The Gators compete in NCAA Division I and the Southeastern Conference (SEC). They play their home games in the Exactech Arena at the Stephen C. O'Connell Center on the university's Gainesville, Florida campus, and are led by head coach Mike White.

neg: Portland Chinooks The Portland Chinooks was a professional men's basketball team based out of Portland, Oregon. They were charter members of the International Basketball League and began play in the league in 2004. The team was owned by local businessman Terry Emmert. They played their home games at various locations since their inception, including the Peter Stott Center, the Rose Garden, and at Eastmoreland Courts in southeast Portland. The team colors of red and black were shared with their predecessors from the NBA, the Portland Trail Blazers.

neg: Lloyd Noble Center The Lloyd Noble Center is an 11,562-seat multi-purpose arena located in Norman, Oklahoma, some 19 mi south of downtown Oklahoma City. It opened in 1975 and is home to the University of Oklahoma men's and women's basketball teams.

neg: Toronto Raptors The Toronto Raptors are a Canadian professional basketball team based in Toronto, Ontario. The Raptors compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA), as a member club of the league's Eastern Conference Atlantic Division. The team was established in 1995, along with the Vancouver Grizzlies, as part of the NBA's expansion into Canada. When the Grizzlies relocated to Memphis, Tennessee to become the Memphis Grizzlies in 2001, the Raptors became the only Canadian-based team in the NBA. They originally played their home games at SkyDome, before moving eastward along Bremner Boulevard to the Air Canada Centre in 1999.

neg: List of New Orleans Pelicans head coaches The New Orleans Pelicans are an American professional basketball team based in New Orleans, Louisiana. They play in the Southwest Division of the Western Conference in the National Basketball Association (NBA). The team was born out of the original Hornets' relocation to New Orleans in 2002. The team has had three names since its inception; it was called the New Orleans Hornets (2002–2005; 2007–2013), the New Orleans / Oklahoma City Hornets (2005–2007), and the New Orleans Pelicans (2013–present). The Pelicans have never been to the NBA Finals since its inception. The team has played their home games at the New Orleans Arena since 2002. The Pelicans are owned by Tom Benson, with Dell Demps as their general manager.

neg: 1978–79 Oklahoma Sooners men's basketball team The 1978–79 Oklahoma Sooners men's basketball team represented the University of Oklahoma in competitive college basketball during the 1978–79 NCAA Division I season. The Oklahoma Sooners men's basketball team played its home games in the Lloyd Noble Center and was a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association's (NCAA) former Big Eight Conference at that time. The team posted a 21–10 overall record and a 10–4 conference record to finish first in the Conference for head coach Dave Bliss. This was the only Big Eight Conference Regular Season Championship for Bliss.

neg: Arena Zagreb Arena Zagreb is a multi-purpose sports hall located in the southwestern part of Zagreb, Croatia (in the Lanište neighborhood of Novi Zagreb). The site also includes a building complex, the Arena Complex (Arena Center), making it one of the largest shopping-entertainment centers in the city.

neg: Houston Thunderbears The Houston ThunderBears were a professional arena football team based in Houston, Texas. The team finished the 2001 season as a member of the Western Division of the American Conference of the Arena Football League (AFL). The team joined the AFL in 1996 as the expansion Texas Terror. After their first two years of existence, the franchise changed their name to the Houston ThunderBears. Plagued with attendance problems through the majority of their existence, the team folded in 2001. Home games were played at the Compaq Center.

neg: Civic Center Music Hall The Civic Center Music Hall is a performing arts center located in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. It was constructed in 1937 as Municipal Auditorium and renamed in 1966. The facility includes the Thelma Gaylord Performing Arts Theatre, the Freede Little Theatre, CitySpace, the Meinders Hall of Mirrors and the Joel Levine Rehearsal Hall.

neg: Washington Wizards The Washington Wizards are an American professional basketball team based in Washington, D.C. The Wizards compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA), as a member of the league's Eastern Conference Southeast Division. The team plays its home games at the Capital One Arena, in the Chinatown neighborhood of Washington, D.C.

neg: Savage Arena John F. Savage Arena (formerly John F. Savage Hall and Centennial Hall) is a multi-purpose arena located in Toledo, Ohio, on the campus of the University of Toledo. The arena opened in 1976 and originally seated 9,000 for basketball and up to 10,000 for concerts. As part of a $30 million renovation and addition to the arena, completed in 2008, the seating capacity was reduced to 7,300 for basketball and up to 8,300 for concerts. It primarily serves as the home venue for the Toledo Rockets men's and women's basketball teams and women's volleyball team, and also hosts concerts, commencement exercises, and other events.

neg: Alario Center The John A. Alario, Sr. Event Center, commonly shortened as the Alario Center, is a 2,400-seat multi-purpose arena in Westwego, Louisiana, USA. The facility was approved for construction in 1993, and opened in 1999. The arena was most notably used as the practice facility for the NBA's New Orleans Pelicans (formerly Hornets) from 2002 to 2013. The Alario Center features six hardwood courts under one roof.


query: Lynyrd Skynyrd, is an American rock band best known for popularizing the Southern rock genre during the 1970s, at the peak of their success, two band members and a backup singer died in the crash of a Convair CV-240, chartered by the rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd from L&J Company of Addison, Texas, ran out of fuel and crashed in Gillsburg, Mississippi, near the end of its flight from Greenville, South Carolina, to Baton Rouge, in which state?

pos: Lynyrd Skynyrd Lynyrd Skynyrd (pronounced ) is an American rock band best known for popularizing the Southern rock genre during the 1970s. Originally formed in 1964 as "My Backyard" in Jacksonville, Florida, the band was also known by names such as "The Noble Five" and "One Percent", before finally deciding on "Lynyrd Skynyrd" in 1969. The band gained worldwide recognition for its live performances and signature songs "Sweet Home Alabama" and "Free Bird". At the peak of their success, two band members and a backup singer died in an airplane crash in 1977, putting an abrupt end to the band's most popular incarnation. The band has sold 28 million records in the United States.

pos: 1977 Convair CV-240 crash On October 20, 1977, a Convair CV-240 chartered by the rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd from L&J Company of Addison, Texas, ran out of fuel and crashed in Gillsburg, Mississippi, near the end of its flight from Greenville, South Carolina, to Baton Rouge, Louisiana.

neg: Outlaws (band) The Outlaws are a Southern rock/country rock band best known for their 1975 hit "There Goes Another Love Song" and extended guitar jam "Green Grass and High Tides" from their 1975 debut album, plus their 1980 cover of the Stan Jones classic "(Ghost) Riders in the Sky".

neg: Nuthin' Fancy Tour Nuthin' Fancy Tour was the third major concert tour by American Southern rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd. This tour was the first time the band played outside of North America, and ventured into Europe.

neg: Genuine Classic Rock Classic Rock (Local Version) (formerly known as Genuine Classic Rock) is a 24-hour music format produced by Dial Global, formerly by Waitt Radio Networks and then by the now-defunct Dial Global Local. Its playlist comprises classic rock music released from the 1960s to the 1980s from artists such as ZZ Top, Led Zeppelin, Aerosmith, Pink Floyd, Lynyrd Skynyrd, Tom Petty and Eric Clapton among others.

neg: TAG Airlines TAG Airlines was a small airline serving downtown Detroit, Michigan from 1957 until 1970. Its slogan was "The World's Busiest Airline", and it served airports that were 5–15 minutes from the downtown areas, mainly in Detroit, Michigan, and Cleveland, Ohio. The business closed not long after one of its de Havilland Doves crashed into frozen Lake Erie in January 1970, killing all nine people aboard.

neg: Clarence Tex Walker Clarence "Tex" Walker (24 January 1946 – 8 August 2007) was a prominent rhythm and blues musician who was the lead singer with Bill Pinkney's Original Drifters and The Coasters. After touring Europe with Big Joe Turner, Clarence T Walker appeared at the prestigious Bishopstock Blues Festival, before forming his own group in London, The Walker Street Blues Band, and recording "Blues in Black," which was released to critical acclaim in Britain. Walker made the UK his home and performed numerous gigs and concerts in the UK. In his later years he lived in Oxford UK. Walker died of a heart attack on August 8, 2007. He had the attack in the King's Arms Hotel at Woodstock, Oxfordshire and died four days later.

neg: Pronounced 'Lĕh-'nérd 'Skin-'nérd Tour Pronounced 'Lĕh-'nérd 'Skin-'nérd Tour was the first major concert tour by American Southern rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd. The tour was mainly played out in the United States with a single show in Canada. The 11 cities on the tour from November 20 to December 6 saw the band opening for the British rock group The Who.

neg: Skynyrd's First and... Last Skynyrd's First and...Last was the original name of the posthumous compilation album first released in 1978 by the rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd. The original 1978 version of the album is now out of print. In 1998, it was repackaged, renamed and re-released as Skynyrd's First: The Complete Muscle Shoals Album, which was expanded to include eight additional tracks – four of which were previously unreleased and four which would appear on "(Pronounced 'Lĕh-'nérd 'Skin-'nérd)". As the renamed title suggests, the album was recorded at Muscle Shoals Sound Studio in Alabama. This album was originally planned to be their debut album before getting shelved, making "(Pronounced 'Lĕh-'nérd 'Skin-'nérd)" their actual debut. The album was certified Gold on 9/8/78 and Platinum on 11/10/78 by the RIAA.

neg: New Orleans Pop Festival The New Orleans Pop Festival was a rock festival held on Labor Day weekend (August 30 - September 1, 1969), two weeks after the Woodstock Festival. It was held at the Louisiana International Speedway in Prairieville, Louisiana, about 65 miles up the Mississippi River from New Orleans and 15 miles south of Baton Rouge. Over 26 bands performed during the three days of the festival, including 7 veterans of Woodstock. It had a peak attendance of 25,000–30,000 people.

neg: North Mississippi Allstars North Mississippi Allstars is an American southern rock/blues band from Hernando, Mississippi, United States, founded in 1996. The band is composed of two brothers, Luther Dickinson (guitar, lowebow, vocals) and Cody Dickinson (drums, keyboards, electric washboard, vocals).

neg: Cornell Gunter Cornell Gunter (November 14, 1936 – February 26, 1990) was an American rhythm and blues singer, most active in the 1950s and 1960s. He was born in Coffeyville, Kansas, and died in Las Vegas, Nevada, after being shot in his automobile. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1987 as a member of The Coasters.

neg: Richmond, Indiana explosion The Richmond, Indiana, explosion was a double explosion which occurred at 1:47 PM EST on Saturday, April 6, 1968, in downtown Richmond, Indiana. The explosions killed 41 people and injured more than 150. The primary explosion was due to natural gas leaking from one or more faulty transmission lines under the Marting Arms sporting goods store, located on the southeast corner of the intersection of 6th and Main (US 40) streets. A secondary explosion was caused by gunpowder stored inside the building. Gas had been smelled leaking in the area for days before the explosion, and local stores would open doors to allow the fumes to ventilate out and leave buildings.

neg: Rickey Medlocke Rickey Medlocke (born February 17, 1950) is an American musician best known as the frontman/guitarist for the southern rock band Blackfoot and a member of Lynyrd Skynyrd. During his first stint with Lynyrd Skynyrd from 1971-1972 he played drums and sang lead on a few songs that would initially be released on 1978's "First and Last". Medlocke would rejoin Blackfoot in 1972 and later returned to Lynyrd Skynyrd in 1996 as a guitarist with whom he continues to tour and record today.

neg: All I Can Do Is Write About It "All I Can Do Is Write About It" is a song performed by Lynyrd Skynyrd. The song is credited as having been written by band members Allen Collins and Ronnie Van Zant. The song was first released on the band's 1976 album "Gimme Back My Bullets" and subsequently on the compilations, "The Essential Lynyrd Skynyrd" and "All Time Greatest Hits".

neg: Frankie Lymon Franklin Joseph "Frankie" Lymon (September 30, 1942 – February 27, 1968) was an American rock and roll/rhythm and blues singer and songwriter, best known as the boy soprano lead singer of the New York City-based early rock and roll group The Teenagers. The group was composed of five boys, all in their early to mid-teens. The original lineup of the Teenagers, an integrated group, included three African-American members, Frankie Lymon, Jimmy Merchant, and Sherman Garnes; and two Puerto Rican members, Joe Negroni and Herman Santiago.

neg: The Heard The Heard was an American garage rock band formed in Longview, Texas, in 1965. Within a year of their formation, the band gained a reputation as one of the loudest musical acts in Texas, soon receiving a string of gigs at Houston's Catacomb Club. In 1967, the Heard recorded the "Exit 9" single, an enduring piece in the musical genre of psychedelic rock. The band's blend of frantic melodies and studio techniques unique to most garage groups has brought praise to "Exit 9" and its B-side cover version of "You're Gonna Miss Me".

neg: JoJo Billingsley Deborah Jo Billingsley (May 28, 1952 – June 24, 2010) was an American singer, soloist, songwriter and recording artist. She was best known for her work with The Honkettes, backing vocalists for the Southern rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd.

neg: Ed King Edward C. "Ed" King (born September 14, 1949 in Glendale, California) is an American musician. He is best known as the guitarist for the psychedelic rock band Strawberry Alarm Clock and guitarist and bassist for the Southern rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd from 1972 to 1975 and again from 1987 to 1996.

neg: Steve Gaines Steven Earl "Steve" Gaines (September 14, 1949 – October 20, 1977) was an American musician. He is best known as a guitarist, vocalist and songwriter of Southern rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd from May 11, 1976 until his death on October 20, 1977 and is the younger brother of Cassie Gaines, who was a back up vocalist for the band's live performances.

neg: Interstate 75 rock-throwing death Julie Catherine Laible, was a young professor at the University of Alabama killed by a large rock thrown at her car from an overpass while she was driving along Interstate 75 (I-75) in Manatee County, Florida, on March 28, 1999.

neg: Greg T. Walker Greg T. Walker is an American bassist who played with rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd between 1971 and 1972. His main band, named Blackfoot existed between 1969 and 1985. In 2004 a new line-up was born, with Axe frontman Bobby Barth as their singer/guitarist.


query: Are Yuri Matiyasevich and Mikhail Kravchuk both mathematicians?

pos: Yuri Matiyasevich Yuri Vladimirovich Matiyasevich, (Russian: Ю́рий Влади́мирович Матиясе́вич ; born March 2, 1947, in Leningrad) is a Russian mathematician and computer scientist. He is best known for his negative solution of Hilbert's tenth problem (Matiyasevich's theorem), which was presented in his doctoral thesis at LOMI (the Leningrad Department of the Steklov Institute of Mathematics).

pos: Mikhail Kravchuk Mykhailo Pylypovych Kravchuk, also Krawtchouk (Ukrainian: Миха́йло Пили́пович Кравчу́к ) (September 27, 1892 – March 9, 1942), was a Soviet Ukrainian mathematician who, despite his early death, was the author of around 180 articles on mathematics.

neg: Michael Krivelevich Michael Krivelevich (born January 30, 1966) is a professor with the School of Mathematical Sciences of Tel Aviv University, Israel.

neg: Nikolay Nekhoroshev Nikolai Nikolaevich Nekhoroshev (Russian: Николай Николаевич Нехорошев ; 2 October 1946 – 18 October 2008) was a prominent Soviet Russian mathematician, specializing in classical mechanics and dynamical systems. His research concerned Hamiltonian mechanics, perturbation theory, celestial mechanics, integrable systems, dynamical systems, the quasiclassical approximation, and singularity theory. He proved, in particular, a stability result in KAM-theory stating that, under certain conditions, solutions of nearly integrable systems stay close to invariant tori for exponentially long times .

neg: Mikhail Muravyov (footballer) Mikhail Gennadyevich Muravyov (Russian: Михаил Геннадьевич Муравьёв ; born 6 October 1965) is a former Russian football player.

neg: Mikhail Kravchuk (footballer) Mikhail Kravchuk (Belarusian: Мiхаiл Краўчук ; Russian: Михаил Кравчук ; born 19 September 1991) is a Belarusian professional football player currently playing for Luch Minsk.

neg: Igor Rodnianski Igor Rodnianski (born April 28, 1972, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union) is an American mathematician at the Princeton University. He works in partial differential equations, mathematical physics, and general relativity.

neg: Yuri Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilievich Kondratyuk (real name Aleksandr Ignatyevich Shargei, Ukrainian: Олександр Гнатович Шаргей , "Oleksandr Hnatovych Sharhei") (June 21, 1897 – February 1942) was a Soviet engineer and mathematician. He was a pioneer of astronautics and spaceflight, a theoretician and a visionary who, in the early 20th century, developed the first known lunar orbit rendezvous (LOR), a key concept for landing and return spaceflight from Earth to the Moon. The LOR was later used for the plotting of the first actual human spaceflight to the Moon. Many other aspects of spaceflight and space exploration are covered in his works.

neg: Semyon Aranovich Gershgorin Semyon Aronovich Gershgorin (August 24, 1901 – May 30, 1933) was a Soviet (born in Pruzhany, Belarus, Russian Empire) mathematician. He began as a student at the Petrograd Technological Institute in 1923, became a Professor in 1930, and was given an appointment at the Leningrad Mechanical Engineering Institute in the same year. His contributions include the Gershgorin circle theorem.

neg: Valery Alexeev (mathematician) Valery Alexeev is an American mathematician currently the David C. Barrow Professor at University of Georgia and an Elected Fellow of the American Mathematical Society.

neg: Albert Shiryaev Albert Nikolayevich Shiryaev (Russian: Альбе́рт Никола́евич Ширя́ев ; born October 12, 1934) is a Soviet and Russian mathematician. He is known for his work in probability theory, statistics and financial mathematics.

neg: Vladimir Andrunakievich Vladimir Aleksandrovich Andrunakievich (Russian: Владимир Александрович Андрунакиевич, 3 April 1917 – 22 July 1997) was a Moldavian (Moldovan) Soviet mathematician, known for his work in abstract algebra. He was a doctor of physical and mathematical sciences (1958), academician (1961) and vice-president (1964—1969, 1979—1990) of the Moldavian Soviet Academy of Sciences. Laureate of the State Prize of the Moldavian SSR (1972).

neg: Felix Gantmacher Felix Ruvimovich Gantmacher (Russian: Феликс Рувимович Гантмахер ) (23 February 1908 – 16 May 1964) was a Soviet mathematician, professor at Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, well known for his contributions in mechanics, linear algebra and Lie group theory. In 1925–1926 he participated in seminar guided by Nikolai Chebotaryov in Odessa and wrote his first research paper in 1926.

neg: Boris Yakovlevich Bukreev Boris Yakovlevich Bukreev Russian: Борис Яковлевич Букреев (6 September 1859 – 2 October 1962) was a Russian and Soviet mathematician who worked in the areas of complex functions and differential equations. He studied Fuchsian functions of rank zero. He was interested in projective and non-Euclidean geometry. He worked on differential invariants and parameters in the theory of surfaces, and also wrote many papers on the history of mathematics.

neg: Valentin Afraimovich Valentin Afraimovich (Russian: Валентин Сендерович Афраймович , born 2 April 1945 in Kirov, Kirov Oblast, USSR) is a Soviet, Russian and Mexican mathematician. He has made contributions to dynamical systems theory, qualitative theory of ordinary differential equations, bifurcation theory, concept of attractor, strange attractors, space-time chaos, mathematical models of nonequilibrium media and biological systems, traveling waves in lattices, complexity of orbits and dimension-like characteristics in dynamical systems.

neg: Mikhail Krotov Mikhail Valentinovich Krotov (in Russian: Михаил Валентинович Кротов , born March 14, 1963, in Leningrad, Soviet Union) is a Russian lawyer, businessman and official.

neg: Mark Vishik Mark Vishik (also Marko Vishik, Russian: Марк(o) Иосифович Вишик , October 19, 1921, Lviv – June 23, 2012) was a mathematician from Lwów / Lemberg / Lvov / Lviv, who worked in the field of Partial Differential Equations.

neg: Zenon Ivanovich Borevich Zenon Ivanovich Borevich Зенон Иванович Боревич (7 November 1922 – 26 February 1995) was a Russian mathematician who worked on homological algebra, algebraic number theory, integral representations, and linear groups.

neg: Anatoly Mikhailovich Stepin Anatoly Mikhailovich Stepin (Анатолий Михайлович Степин, born 20 July 1940 in Moscow) is a Soviet-Russian mathematician, specializing in dynamical systems and ergodic theory.

neg: Yuri Gastev Yuri Gastev (22 March 1928, Moscow-12 October 1993, Boston) was a Russian mathematician and cybernetician who became an active dissident, finally emigrating to the USA.

neg: Boris Kravchenko Boris Petrovich Kravchenko (Борис Петрович Кравченко) (29 November 1929 in Leningrad – 9 February 1979 in Leningrad) was a Russian composer.

neg: Mikhail Khovanov Mikhail Khovanov (Russian: Михаил Хованов ; born 1972) is a Russian-American professor of mathematics at Columbia University. He graduated from Moscow State School 57 mathematical class in 1988. He earned a PhD in mathematics from Yale University in 1997, where he studied under Igor Frenkel. His interests include knot theory and algebraic topology. He is known for the Khovanov homology for links, introduced in his paper "A categorification of the Jones polynomial", which he published while at UC Davis. This was one of the first examples of categorification and is quoted in knot theory.


query: This thought experiment about an apparent perpetual motion machine was popularized by an American physicist who put out a lecture series concerning the nature of the laws of physics that was later recorded and published into a book by which organization?

pos: Brownian ratchet In the philosophy of thermal and statistical physics, the Brownian ratchet or Feynman-Smoluchowski ratchet is a thought experiment about an apparent perpetual motion machine first analysed in 1912 by Polish physicist Marian Smoluchowski and popularised by American Nobel laureate physicist Richard Feynman in a physics lecture at the California Institute of Technology on May 11, 1962, during his Messenger Lectures series The Character of Physical Law in Cornell University in 1964 and in his text "The Feynman Lectures on Physics" as an illustration of the laws of thermodynamics. The simple machine, consisting of a tiny paddle wheel and a ratchet, appears to be an example of a Maxwell's demon, able to extract useful work from random fluctuations (heat) in a system at thermal equilibrium in violation of the second law of thermodynamics. Detailed analysis by Feynman and others showed why it cannot actually do this.

pos: The Character of Physical Law The Character of Physical Law is a series of seven lectures by physicist Richard Feynman concerning the nature of the laws of physics. The lectures were delivered by Feynman in 1964 at Cornell University, as part of the Messenger Lectures series. The BBC recorded the seven lectures and published a book by the same name in 1965. Cornell University published the BBC's recordings on a Cornell website in September 2015.

neg: The Organized Mind The Organized Mind: Thinking Straight in the Age of Information Overload is a bestselling popular science book written by the McGill University neuroscientist Daniel J. Levitin, PhD, and first published by Dutton Penguin in the United States and Canada in 2014. It is Levitin's 3rd consecutive best-seller, debuting at #2 on the "New York Times Best Seller List", #1 on the Canadian best-seller lists, #1 on Amazon, and #5 on "The London Times" bestseller list.

neg: Fields of Force Fields of Force: The Development of a world view from Faraday to Einstein (1974) is a book by William Berkson, published by John Wiley & Sons. It is an extension of his doctoral thesis, which was supervised by Karl Popper and examined by A.I. Sabra. Berkson credits the book with an influence from Joseph Agassi.

neg: Keith Symon Keith Randolph Symon was an American physicist working in the fields of accelerator physics and plasma physics. Born March 25, 1920, he died December 16, 2013. Symon graduated summa cum laude, Phi Beta Kappa, from Harvard in 1942 with a BA in Philosophy and Mathematics. In 1948 he was awarded a PhD in Physics. He taught physics at Wayne State University in Detroit until 1955. Symon was professor of physics at the University of Wisconsin until his retirement in 1992 when he became emeritus professor. From 1956 to 1967 he was on the staff of the Midwestern Universities Research Association (MURA), a collaboration of Big Ten universities, the University of Chicago and Notre Dame. In 1982 and 1983 he was acting director of the Madison Academic Computing Center and from 1983 to 1985, acting director of the UW-Madison Synchrotron Radiation Center. His textbook, "Mechanics", has been a staple in physics classes since publication of the first edition in 1953. It has been published in multiple languages and is still in use around the world.

neg: Newton's law of universal gravitation Newton's law of universal gravitation states that a particle attracts every other particle in the universe using a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers. This is a general physical law derived from empirical observations by what Isaac Newton called inductive reasoning. It is a part of classical mechanics and was formulated in Newton's work "Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica" ("the "Principia""), first published on 5 July 1687. (When Newton's book was presented in 1686 to the Royal Society, Robert Hooke made a claim that Newton had obtained the inverse square law from him; see the History section below.)

neg: The Large, the Small and the Human Mind The Large, the Small, and the Human Mind is a popular science book by British theoretical physicist Roger Penrose. The book was published by Cambridge University Press in 1997.

neg: Time evolution Time evolution is the change of state brought about by the passage of time, applicable to systems with internal state (also called "stateful systems"). In this formulation, "time" is not required to be a continuous parameter, but may be discrete or even finite. In classical physics, time evolution of a collection of rigid bodies is governed by the principles of classical mechanics. In their most rudimentary form, these principles express the relationship between forces acting on the bodies and their acceleration given by Newton's laws of motion. These principles can also be equivalently expressed more abstractly by Hamiltonian mechanics or Lagrangian mechanics.

neg: Consciousness Explained Consciousness Explained is a 1991 book by the American philosopher Daniel Dennett, in which the author offers an account of how consciousness arises from interaction of physical and cognitive processes in the brain.

neg: Isaac Newton in popular culture Isaac Newton was an English mathematician, natural philosopher, theologian, alchemist and one of the most influential scientists in human history. His "Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica" is considered to be one of the most influential book in the history of science, laying the groundwork for most of classical mechanics by describing universal gravitation and the three laws of motion. In mathematics, Newton shares the credit with Gottfried Leibniz for the development of the differential and integral calculus.

neg: Writing of Principia Mathematica Isaac Newton composed "Principia Mathematica" during 1685 and 1686, and it was published in a first edition on 5 July 1687. Widely regarded as one of the most important works in both the science of physics and in applied mathematics during the Scientific Revolution, the work underlies much of the technological and scientific advances from the Industrial Revolution (usually dated from 1750) which it helped to create.

neg: Instant Physics Instant Physics (full title: Instant Physics: From Aristotle to Einstein, and Beyond) is a book by Tony Rothman first published by Fawcett Columbine in 1995. The book, meant for readers with a minimal amount of mathematical training, consists of ten chapters that cover most of the essential topics in physics, from classical mechanics and thermodynamics to nuclear physics, general relativity, and quantum mechanics. It has proven very popular with the public and as of 2017 remains in print.

neg: Process and Reality Process and Reality is a book by Alfred North Whitehead, in which Whitehead propounds a philosophy of organism, also called process philosophy. The book, published in 1929, is a revision of the Gifford Lectures he gave in 1927–28.

neg: Bucket argument Isaac Newton's rotating bucket argument (also known as Newton's bucket) was designed to demonstrate that true rotational motion cannot be defined as the relative rotation of the body with respect to the immediately surrounding bodies. It is one of five arguments from the "properties, causes, and effects" of true motion and rest that support his contention that, in general, true motion and rest cannot be defined as special instances of motion or rest relative to other bodies, but instead can be defined only by reference to absolute space. Alternatively, these experiments provide an operational definition of what is meant by "absolute rotation", and do not pretend to address the question of "rotation relative to "what"?" General relativity dispenses with absolute space and with physics whose cause is external to the system, with the concept of geodesics of spacetime.

neg: Gifford Lectures The Gifford Lectures are an annual series of lectures which were established by the will of Adam Lord Gifford (died 1887). They were established to "promote and diffuse the study of natural theology in the widest sense of the term — in other words, the knowledge of God." A Gifford lectures appointment is one of the most prestigious honors in Scottish academia. The lectures are given at several Scottish universities: University of St Andrews, University of Glasgow, University of Aberdeen and University of Edinburgh. They are normally presented as a series over an academic year and given with the intent that the edited content be published in book form. A number of these works have become classics in the fields of theology or philosophy and the relationship between religion and science.

neg: Quantum Reality Quantum Reality is a 1985 popular science book by physicist Nick Herbert, a member the Fundamental Fysiks Group which was formed to explore the philosophical implications of quantum theory. The book attempts to address the ontology of quantum objects, their attributes, and their interactions, without reliance on advanced mathematical concepts. Herbert discusses the most common interpretations of quantum mechanics and their consequences in turn, highlighting the conceptual advantages and drawbacks of each.

neg: Carus Lectures The Carus Lectures are a prestigious series of three lectures presented over three consecutive days in plenary sessions at a divisional meeting of the American Philosophical Association. The series was founded in 1925 with John Dewey as the inaugural presenter. The series was scheduled irregularly until 1995, when they were scheduled to occur every two years. The series is named in honor of Paul Carus by Mary Carus and is published by Open Court. In his introduction to the inaugural speech, Hartley Burr Alexander praised the series as an unusual opportunity of presenting ideas "with no institutional atmosphere to further the free play of the mind upon all phases of life."

neg: Robert Bruce Lindsay Robert Bruce Lindsay (1 January 1900 – 2 March 1985) was an American physicist and physics professor, known for his prolific authorship of physics books in acoustics, and historical and philosophical analyses of physics.

neg: Analytical mechanics In theoretical physics and mathematical physics, analytical mechanics, or theoretical mechanics is a collection of closely related alternative formulations of classical mechanics. It was developed by many scientists and mathematicians during the 18th century and onward, after Newtonian mechanics. Since Newtonian mechanics considers vector quantities of motion, particularly accelerations, momenta, forces, of the constituents of the system, an alternative name for the mechanics governed by Newton's laws and Euler's laws is "vectorial mechanics".

neg: Wonders of the Universe (book) Wonders of the Universe is a 2011 book by the theoretical physicists Brian Cox and Andrew Cohen. The book is about cosmology and the universe, and is explained in a way that is accessible to a general reader. The book is based on a series with the same name "Wonders of the Universe".

neg: Émilie du Châtelet Gabrielle Émilie Le Tonnelier de Breteuil, Marquise Du Châtelet (] ; 17 December 1706  – 10 September 1749) was a French natural philosopher, mathematician, physicist, and author during the early 1730s until her untimely death due to childbirth in 1749. Her most recognized achievement is her translation of and commentary on Isaac Newton's book "Principia" containing basic laws of physics. The translation, published posthumously in 1759, is still considered the standard French translation today. Her commentary includes a profound contribution to Newtonian mechanics—the postulate of an additional conservation law for total energy, of which kinetic energy of motion is one element.

neg: Demographic gravitation Demographic gravitation is a concept of "social physics", introduced by Princeton University astrophysicist John Quincy Stewart in 1947. It is an attempt to use equations and notions of classical physics - such as gravity - to seek simplified insights and even laws of demographic behaviour for large numbers of human beings. A basic conception within it is that large numbers of people, in a city for example, actually behave as an attractive force for other people to migrate there, hence the notion of demographic gravitation. It has been related to W. J. Reilly's law of retail gravitation, George Kingsley Zipf's Demographic Energy, and to the theory of Trip distribution through gravity models Trip distribution#Gravity model.


query: What is the name of the well-known American fur trader and politician during Minnesota's territorial era and the Civil War?

pos: Joe Rolette Joseph Rolette (23 October 1820 – 16 May 1871) was a well-known American fur trader and politician during Minnesota's territorial era and the Civil War. His father was Jean Joseph Rolette, often referred to as Joe Rolette the elder, a French-Canadian and a trader himself. Joseph Rolette’s mother was Jane Fisher, who married Joe Rolette, Sr. in 1818 when she was either 13 or 14 years old. Jane's relatives took young Joseph to New York. Joseph's parents never divorced as they were Catholics, but the couple became separated in 1836.. As part of the settlement, Joe Senior built what is today known as the Brisbois House for his estranged wife on Water Street, St. Feriole Island, Prairie du Chien, WI.

pos: Territorial era of Minnesota The territorial era of Minnesota lasted from the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 to Minnesota's achieving statehood in 1858. The Minnesota Territory itself was formed only in 1849 but the area had a rich history well before this. Though there was a long history of European presence in the area before 19th century, it was during the 19th century that the United States began to establish a firm presence in what would become Minnesota.

neg: Lovell Rousseau Lovell Harrison Rousseau (August 4, 1818 – January 7, 1869) was a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War, as well as a lawyer and politician in Kentucky and Indiana.

neg: Charles L. Chase Charles L. Chase was an American politician from Minnesota.

neg: Jacob Benton Jacob Benton (August 19, 1814 – September 29, 1892) was a Civil War Brigadier General, an American politician, and a United States Representative from New Hampshire.

neg: James H. McBride James Haggin McBride (1814 – March 1864) was an American businessman, lawyer, banker, judge, legislator, and soldier. He served as a Confederate Missouri militia general during the American Civil War, later dying in the conflict from pneumonia in 1864 after being appointed a Colonel in the Confederate States Army, in which he was too ill to actively serve.

neg: Francis Fessenden Francis Fessenden (March 18, 1839 – January 2, 1906) was a lawyer, politician, and soldier from the state of Maine who served as a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War. He was a member of the powerful Fessenden family, which was prominent in national politics during the mid-19th century.

neg: John L. Merriam John L. Merriam (February 6, 1825 – January 12, 1895) was a Minnesota banker, politician and Speaker of the Minnesota House of Representatives, representing St. Paul. He was instrumental in helping to organize First National Bank of Minnesota, and he served as vice president of Merchants National Bank.

neg: Andrew Jackson Faulk Andrew Jackson Faulk (November 26, 1814 – September 5, 1898) was an American politician. He served as the third Governor of Dakota Territory.

neg: Dennis Thomas Flynn Dennis Thomas Flynn (February 13, 1861 – June 19, 1939) was an American politician and a Delegate from Oklahoma Territory to the United States House of Representatives.

neg: C. Elmer Anderson Clyde Elmer Anderson (March 16, 1912 – January 22, 1998), more commonly known as C. Elmer Anderson, was an American politician who served as the 28th Governor of Minnesota from September 27, 1951 to January 5, 1955. Anderson also served as the Lieutenant governor of Minnesota on two occasions, from 1939 to 1943 and again from 1945 to 1951.

neg: Martin McLeod Martin McLeod (April 13, 1813 – November 20, 1860) was an American fur trader, pioneer, and territorial legislator.

neg: Charles S. Drew Charles Stewart Drew (April 2, 1825 – 1890), also known as C.S. Drew, was a representative in the legislature of the Oregon Territory of the United States and quartermaster general of the territorial militia in the 1850s. During the American Civil War, he was a Union Army officer, serving in the 1st Oregon Cavalry regiment. He eventually reached the rank of lieutenant colonel. In 1864, he led an Army reconnaissance party into southeastern Oregon. The expedition, known as the Owyhee Reconnaissance, traveled through uncharted country from Fort Klamath to Fort Boise and back. Drew was the author of two historically important military reports; one documented Indian attacks on American settlers in the Oregon Territory and the other was his report of the Owyhee Reconnaissance.

neg: Theophilus T. Garrard Theophilus Toulmin Garrard (June 7, 1812 – March 15, 1902) was a politician, Union general in the American Civil War, farmer, and businessman.

neg: James Patton Anderson James Patton Anderson (February 16, 1822 – September 20, 1872) was an American physician, lawyer, and politician, most notably serving as a United States Congressman from the Washington Territory, a Mississippi state legislator, and a delegate at the Florida state secession convention to withdraw from the United States. He also served in the American Civil War as a general in the Confederate States Army, serving in the Army of Tennessee.

neg: Henry T. Welles Henry Titus Welles (April 3, 1821 – March 4, 1898) was a lawyer, businessman and Democratic politician who served as the first mayor of St. Anthony, Minnesota.

neg: Joseph Gale Joseph Goff Gale (April 29, 1807 – December 13, 1881) was an American pioneer, trapper, entrepreneur, and politician who contributed to the early settlement of the Oregon Country. There he assisted in the construction of the first sailing vessel built in what would become the state of Oregon, sailed the ship to California to trade for cattle, and later served as one of three co-executives ("governors") in the Provisional Government of Oregon. Originally a sailor, he also spent time in the fur trade, as a farmer, and a gold miner in the California Gold Rush.

neg: William H. Yale William Hall Yale (November 12, 1831 – January 25, 1917) was a Minnesota lawyer and Republican politician who served as the sixth Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota.

neg: Joseph William McKay Joseph William McKay (Mackay) (31 January 1829 – 17 December 1900) was a fur trader, businessman, politician and explorer who had a long career in the employ of the Hudson's Bay Company in Canada.

neg: Austin Eli Wing Austin Eli Wing (February 3, 1792 – August 27, 1849) was a politician in Michigan, serving as delegate to the U.S. Congress from Michigan Territory before it became the state of Michigan. Later he was elected to Congress, serving from 1825 to 1829, and from 1831 to 1833. After serving in the state house, he also served in various appointed positions.

neg: Thomas Hall (North Dakota politician) Thomas Hall (June 6, 1869 – December 4, 1958) was a United States Republican politician who served in the United States House of Representatives. He also served as the North Dakota Secretary of State for two different periods, each lasting 12 years.

neg: John B. Sanborn John Benjamin Sanborn (December 5, 1826 – May 6, 1904) was a lawyer, politician, and soldier from the state of New Hampshire who served as a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War. He was also a key member of the postbellum Congressional-appointed Indian Peace Commission, which negotiated and signed several important treaties with native American tribes.


query: Paul McCartney's songwriting partner had his albums produced by an American production team who also produced albums for what other famous band?

pos: Butcher Bros. The Butcher Bros. are an American production team made up of brothers Phil and Joe Nicolo, originally based out of Philadelphia. Together and individually, the brothers have produced albums for a wide variety of bands, including Urge Overkill, John Lennon, Bob Dylan, Amy Grant, Cypress Hill, Nine Inch Nails, Dog Eat Dog, Anthrax and Luscious Jackson.. While Joe Nicolo was the original "butcher" he later paired briefly with his brother as butcher bros. joe continues today as Joe the Butcher.

pos: John Lennon John Winston Ono Lennon, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (born John Winston Lennon; 9 October 19408 December 1980) was an English singer, songwriter, musician, and activist who co-founded the Beatles, the most commercially successful and musically influential band in the history of popular music. He and fellow member Paul McCartney formed a much-celebrated songwriting partnership.

neg: Brian Potter (musician) Brian August Potter is a British-born American pop music songwriter and record producer. With his writing partner, Dennis Lambert, Potter wrote and produced hits songs for the Four Tops, Tavares, The Grass Roots, Hamilton, Joe Frank & Reynolds, Evie Sands, Coven, Hall and Oates, and Glen Campbell. Potter and Lambert were nominated for a Grammy Award for their production on "Rhinestone Cowboy".

neg: Surfer Girl Surfer Girl is the third studio album by American rock band The Beach Boys and their second longplayer in 1963. "Surfer Girl" reached number 7 in the US during a chart stay of 56 weeks. In the UK, the album was released in spring 1967 and reached number 13. This was the first album by the Beach Boys for which Brian Wilson was given full production credit, a position Wilson would maintain for the next few years.

neg: John Feldmann John William Feldmann (born June 29, 1967) is an American musician and producer. He has produced and co-written songs accounting for sales of more than 34 million albums worldwide—6 million alone from 2011 to 2015—and is also the lead singer/guitarist of the band Goldfinger. He is an animal rights advocate.

neg: Team Green (producer) Team Green is an American songwriting and production team consisting of members Win $, Concept and T. Newsome and Zell.

neg: America (Simon & Garfunkel song) "America" is a song performed by American music duo Simon & Garfunkel, which they released from their fourth studio album, "Bookends," in 1968. Produced by the duo and Roy Halee, the song was later issued as a single in 1972 to promote the release of "Simon and Garfunkel's Greatest Hits."

neg: Happy Tiger Records Happy Tiger Records was an independent American record label that was owned by the Flying Tiger Line air freight company. Happy Tiger only operated from 1969 to 1971, but during this time managed to produce more than two dozen albums by such notable artists as Count Basie, Mason Proffit, Red Rhodes, Priscilla Paris, Paul Kelly, and the Anita Kerr Singers. They released two albums by the post-Van Morrison Them band.

neg: The Beatles (album) The Beatles, also known as the White Album, is the ninth studio album by English rock group the Beatles, released on 22 November 1968. A double album, its plain white sleeve has no graphics or text other than the band's name embossed, which was intended as a direct contrast to the vivid cover artwork of the band's earlier "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band". Although no singles were issued from "The Beatles" in Britain and the United States, the songs "Hey Jude" and "Revolution" originated from the same recording sessions and were issued on a single in August 1968. The album's songs range in style from British blues and ska to tracks influenced by Chuck Berry and by Karlheinz Stockhausen.

neg: The Manhattan Transfer (album) The Manhattan Transfer is the second album by The Manhattan Transfer. However, it is the first of four albums to be released by the lineup of Tim Hauser, Laurel Massé, Alan Paul, and Janis Siegel, and the first to establish the sound and style for which the group would become known. It was released on April 2, 1975 by Atlantic Records and was produced by Ahmet Ertegün and Tim Hauser.

neg: The Law (English band) The Law were an English rock group formed in 1991 by singer Paul Rodgers (ex-Free, Bad Company and The Firm) and drummer Kenney Jones (ex-Small Faces/Faces and The Who). The two teamed up with the idea of using different supporting musicians, in order to allow Rodgers to pursue whatever musical style he felt like. They assembled a core band of studio musicians, consisting of Jim Barber (whose credits include The Rolling Stones, Ruby Turner and Mick Jagger's solo album "Primitive Cool") as the main guitarist, second guitarist John Staehely (ex-Spirit and Jo Jo Gunne) and bassist Pino Palladino (formerly of Paul Young's and Jools Holland's bands), as well as landing guest spots from guitarists such as David Gilmour, Bryan Adams and Chris Rea.

neg: The Other Side of Abbey Road The Other Side of Abbey Road is a 1970 studio album by American guitarist George Benson of songs from The Beatles' 1969 album "Abbey Road". It was his last album for A&M Records.

neg: Alan Parsons Alan Parsons (born 20 December 1948) is an English audio engineer, songwriter, musician, and record producer. He was involved with the production of several significant albums, including the Beatles' "Abbey Road" and "Let It Be", and the art rock band Ambrosia's debut album "Ambrosia" as well as Pink Floyd's "The Dark Side of the Moon" for which Pink Floyd credit him as an important contributor. Parsons' own group, the Alan Parsons Project, as well as his subsequent solo recordings, have also been successful commercially.

neg: Associated Independent Recording Associated Independent Recording (AIR) is an independent recording company founded in London in 1965 by Beatles producer Sir George Martin and his partner John Burgess after their departure from EMI.

neg: She's Leaving Home "She's Leaving Home" is a Lennon–McCartney song, released in 1967 on the Beatles album "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band". Paul McCartney wrote and sang the verse and John Lennon wrote the chorus, which they sang together. Neither George Harrison nor Ringo Starr was involved in the recording. The song's instrumental background was performed entirely by a small string orchestra arranged by Mike Leander, and was one of only a handful of Beatles songs in which the members did not play any instruments on the recording.

neg: Hideaway (America album) Hideaway is the sixth original studio album by American folk rock trio America, released by Warner Bros. Records in April 1976. The album was produced by legendary Beatles producer George Martin.

neg: Wings discography This article presents the discography of English American rock band Wings, also known as Paul McCartney & Wings.

neg: James Paul McCartney (TV special) James Paul McCartney is the title of a 1973 television special produced by ATV and starring English musician Paul McCartney and his then current rock group Wings. It was first broadcast on 16 April 1973 in the United States on the ABC network, and was later broadcast in the United Kingdom on 10 May 1973. To date, the program has never been officially released on any home video format.

neg: Paul Heck Paul Heck (born July 23, 1967) is a versatile music and video producer. He is known for producing albums, concerts and videos for the Red Hot Organization (RHO).

neg: Jeremy J. Lewis Jeremy J. Lewis is a British businessman who founded the Amazon Recording Studios in Liverpool, United Kingdom. The recording studios are seen as one of the most iconic recording studios in the United Kingdom, with a large number of notable musicians from Black Sabbath to The Smiths recording albums at the studio. Lewis' involvement in the studio led to him working as a producer during the 1980s.

neg: Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis James Samuel "Jimmy Jam" Harris III (born June 6, 1959) and Terry Steven Lewis (born November 24, 1956) are an American R&B songwriting and record production team. They have enjoyed great success since the 1980s with various artists, most notably Janet Jackson. They have written 31 top ten hits in the UK and 41 in the US.

neg: Jim Kaufman Jim Kaufman is an American born record producer who is also a multi-instrumentalist, songwriter, recording artist, mixer, film and television composer, mastering engineer and recording studio owner.


query: Can everyone visit the only Canadian archaeological site of the indigenous Iroquoian-speaking people that were located the furthest west of the Six Nations?

pos: Bead Hill Bead Hill is an archaeological site comprising the only known remaining and intact 17th-century Seneca site in Canada. It is located along the Toronto Carrying-Place Trail on the banks of the Rouge River in Rouge Park, a city park in Toronto, Ontario. Because of its sensitive archaeological nature, it is not open to the public, nor readily identified in the park. It was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1991.

pos: Seneca people The Seneca are a group of indigenous Iroquoian-speaking people native to North America who historically lived south of Lake Ontario. They were the nation located farthest to the west within the Six Nations or Iroquois League (Haudenosaunee) in New York before the American Revolution.

neg: Woodbine, Calgary Woodbine is a residential neighbourhood in the south-west quadrant of Calgary, Alberta. It is located at the western edge of the city, and it borders the Tsuu T'ina first nation reserve to the west and the Fish Creek Provincial Park to the south. To the north it is bounded by Anderson Road and to the east by 24th Street West.

neg: First Nations in Alberta First Nations in Alberta are indigenous peoples who live in the Canadian province of Alberta. The First Nations are those peoples (or nations) recognized as Aboriginal peoples in Canada excluding the Inuit and the Métis. According to the Canadian census, in 2001 a population of 84,990 Albertans reported a "North American Indian" (i.e. First Nations) identity, rising to 116,670 in 2011 or 13.7% of all First Nations people in Canada, giving Alberta the third largest First Nations population among the provinces and territories (after Ontario and British Columbia). From this total around half of the population lives on an Indian reserve (58,782 Registered Indians lived on-reserve in Alberta in 2005). The rest of the population lives off-reserve, amongst the rest of the Canadian population. Many of these are urban Aboriginals living in cities, especially Edmonton (the provincial capital) which had an off-reserve status population of 18,210 people in 2011, the second highest for any city in Canada (after Winnipeg). Besides this there were 19,945 people in Alberta in 2011 who claimed a North American Indian identity on the census but are not part of the official Indian Register; such people are commonly called "non-status Indians". There are 48 First Nations or "bands" in Alberta (in the sense of governments made up of a council and a chief), belonging to nine different ethnic groups or "tribes" based on their ancestral languages.

neg: Rivers Inlet, British Columbia Rivers Inlet is an unincorporated settlement and First Nations community of the Wuikinuxv (Owikeno) people, located at the head of the inlet of the same name in the Central Coast region of British Columbia, Canada. The community is located adjacent to the Wannock River, a short waterway connecting Owikeno Lake to the head of Rivers Inlet.

neg: Neutral Nation The Neutral Confederacy or Neutral Nation or Neutral people were a Iroquoian-speaking North American indigenous people, who lived near the northern shores of Lake Ontario and Lake Erie on the west side of the Niagara River west of the Tabacco Nation (Wenrohronon or Wenro). Related to the Iroquois Confederation to their southeast and to the Huron peoples also living around Lake Ontario, the Erie people of the south shore of Lake Erie, the Tabacco people situated east of Lake Erie and the Susquehannocks of Central Pennsylvania, like the others of Iroquoian culture, the tribes would raid and feud with fellow Iroquoian tribes when they weren't gaming and engaging in friendly competitions, and generally possessed of wary relations with rival Algonquian peoples, such as inhabited the Canada to the East along the Saint Lawrence valley drainage catchment. While the Iroquoian tribes were later known to historians for the fierce ways they waged of war, they were also cultures who far more often played competitive games, a largely agrarian society with farms admired and marveled over by European leaders writing reports home. While not well known today in post-plagues and warfare indigenous populations, the Neutral tribes are confirmed to have comprised about 40 permanent settlements.

neg: Gwawaenuk Tribe The Gwawaenuk Tribe, or Gwawaʼenux̱w is a First Nations band government of the Kwakwaka'wakw people located in the Queen Charlotte Strait region of the Central Coast region of British Columbia, Canada. The Gwawaenuk Tribe has no year-round road access to a service centre and being about 160 km to 240 km from the nearest service centre.

neg: Beaverhill Lake Beaverhill Lake (Cree: "amisk-wa-chi-sakhahigan" ) is a large lake in central Alberta, Canada. It is a site of regional importance in the Western Hemisphere Shorebird Reserve Network. It is managed by the Canadian Wildlife Service division of Environment Canada.

neg: St. Lawrence Iroquoians The St. Lawrence Iroquoians were Aboriginal Canadians who existed from the 14th century to about 1580 concentrated along the shores of the St. Lawrence River in present-day Quebec and Ontario, Canada, as well as the American state of New York, although their territory extended east. They spoke Laurentian languages, a branch of the Iroquoian family. They were believed to have numbered up to 120,000 people in 25 nations. However, this much higher estimate of the number Lawrence Iroquoians is disputed. The traditional view is that they disappeared because of late 16th century warfare by the Mohawk nation of the "Haudenosaunee", who wanted to control fur trade in the valley. But other possibilities, including climate change, wars with various Algonquin tribes and exposure to European diseases, may have been equally important.

neg: Kootenay National Park Kootenay National Park is located in southeastern British Columbia Canada, covering 1406 sqkm in the Canadian Rockies, and forms part of a World Heritage Site. The park ranges in elevation from 918 m at the southwestern park entrance, to 3424 m at Deltaform Mountain. Kootenay forms one of the four contiguous mountain parks in the Canadian Rockies; the other three being Banff National Park directly to the east, Yoho National Park directly to the north, and Jasper National Park, which does not share a boundary with Kootenay National Park. Initially called "Kootenay Dominion Park", the park was created in 1920 as part of an agreement between the province of British Columbia and the Canadian federal government to build a highway in exchange for title to a strip of land on either side of the route. A strip of land 8 km wide on each side of the newly constructed 94 km. Banff–Windermere Highway was set aside as a national park.

neg: Indigenous music of Canada Indigenous music of Canada encompasses a wide variety of musical genres created by Canada's Indigenous people. Before European settlers came to what is now Canada, the region was occupied by a large number of First Nations, including the West Coast Salish and Haida, the centrally located Iroquois, Blackfoot and Huron, the Dene to the North, and the Innu and Mi'kmaq in the East and the Cree in the North. Each of the Indigenous communities had (and have) their own unique musical traditions. Chanting – singing is widely popular and most use a variety of musical instruments.

neg: Laurentian language Laurentian, or St. Lawrence Iroquoian, was an Iroquoian language spoken until the late 16th century along the shores of the Saint Lawrence River in present-day Quebec and Ontario, Canada. It is believed to have disappeared with the extinction of the St. Lawrence Iroquoians, likely as a result of warfare by the more powerful Mohawk from the "Haudenosaunee" or Iroquois Confederacy to the south, in present-day New York state of the United States.

neg: Haisla people The Haisla (also Xa’islak’ala, X̄a’islakʼala, X̌àʼislakʼala, X̣aʼislak’ala, Xai:sla) are an indigenous people living at Kitamaat in the North Coast region of the Canadian province of British Columbia. Their indigenous language is named after them in most English usage, though its actual name is X̄a’islak̓ala. The name "Haisla" is derived from the Haisla word x̣àʼisla or x̣àʼisəla " '(those) living at the rivermouth, living downriver<nowiki>'</nowiki>". Along with the neighbouring Wuikinuxv and Heiltsuk people, they were incorrectly known in the past as the Northern Kwakiutl.

neg: Canadiana Village Canadiana Village is a heritage park north of Montreal near Rawdon, Quebec. About 15% of the land is used to depict a 19th-century western town and rural village in Quebec. The rest of the site consists of lush forest, brooks, river, and mountain. Canadiana Village endeavours to depict life in a pioneer Quebec Canadian settlement during the 19th century. Featured at the site are over 40 historical buildings, with over 38 original buildings more than 100 years old. The Copping homestead, was built on what was later the site of Canadiana Village. The buildings in the western town and rural village include a church, a general store, a mill, a cemetery, a saloon and 22 houses. There are old tractors and threshing machines, props and decoration items for movie set. The Canadiana Village was closed to the public in 1996.

neg: Dubawnt Lake Dubawnt Lake is a lake in Kivalliq Region, Nunavut, Canada. It is 3630 km2 in size and has several islands. It is about 200 miles north of the point where Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Nunavut come together, about 300 miles west of Hudson Bay and about 250 miles south of the arctic circle. To the northwest is the Thelon Wildlife Sanctuary. Its main inlet and outlet is the north-flowing Dubawnt River which joins the Thelon River at Beverly Lake (Nunavut). The Thelon flows east to Hudson Bay at Chesterfield Inlet. It is on the line of contact between the Sayisi Dene band of Eastern Caribou-Eater Chipewyan people and the Harvaqtuurmiut and Ihalmiut bands of Caribou Inuit. The first European to reach the lake was Samuel Hearne in 1770, but it remained largely unknown to outsiders until it was explored by Joseph Tyrrell in 1893. There are no permanent settlements but there are fly-in fish camps where large lake trout can be caught during the 2-month ice-free season.

neg: Mikisew Cree First Nation Mikisew Cree is a tribe in Alberta, Canada (Northeastern Alberta). Most Mikisew Cree First Nation members live in Fort McMurray, Edmonton, Fort Smith, NWT and Fort Chipewyan. The group is one of the five Athabasca Tribal Council Nations. The group signed a treaty in 1986 with Canada establishing several reserves. The Mikisew Cree won a Supreme Court of Canada case

neg: Bridge River Country The Bridge River Country is a historic geographic region and mining district in the Interior of British Columbia, Canada, lying between the Fraser Canyon and the valley of the Lillooet River, south of the Chilcotin Plateau and north of the Lillooet Ranges. "The Bridge River" can mean the Bridge River Country as opposed to the Bridge River itself, and is considered to be part of the Lillooet Country, but has a distinct history and identity within the larger region. As Lillooet is sometimes considered to be the southwest limit of the Cariboo, some efforts were made to refer to the Bridge River as the "West Cariboo" but this never caught on.

neg: Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte First Nation The Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte (Mohawk: "Kenhtè:ke Kanyen'kehá:ka") are a Mohawk First Nation within Hastings County, Ontario. They control the Tyendinaga Mohawk Territory, which is a 73 km² (18000-acre) Mohawk Indian reserve on the Bay of Quinte in southeastern Ontario, Canada, east of Belleville and immediately to the west of Deseronto. They also share Glebe Farm 40B and the Six Nations of the Grand River reserves with other First Nations.

neg: Beaver Lake Cree Nation The Beaver Lake Cree Nation is a First Nations band government located 105 km northeast of Edmonton, Alberta, representing people of the Cree ethno-linguistic group in the area around Lac La Biche, Alberta, which is the location of their band office. Their treaty area is Treaty 6. The Intergovernmental Affairs office consults with persons on the Government treaty contacts list. There are two parcels of land reserved for the band by the Canadian Crown, Beaver Lake Indian Reserve No. 131 and Blue Quills First Nation Indian Reserve. The latter reserve is shared with five other bands.

neg: Nk'Mip Desert Cultural Centre The Nk'Mip Desert Culture Centre ("Nk'mip" is pronounced "in-ka-meep") is an award-winning interpretive centre in Osoyoos, British Columbia, Canada, It is owned and operated by the Osoyoos Indian Band and is approximately 3 km north of the Canada–United States border. It is situated on the edge of one of the most endangered ecosystems in Canada, the northernmost point of the Great American Desert which extends southward to the Sonoran Desert in Mexico.

neg: Tsk'weylecw'mc The Tsk'weylecw'mc or Tsk'waylaxw'mx are a First Nations people in the Central Fraser Canyon area of the Canadian province of British Columbia. They are a subgroup of both the St'at'imc and Secwepemc peoples and reside at and around the community of Pavilion, an unincorporated settlement comprising the Pavilion Indian Reserve and adjacent ranches on Highway 99 about 30 kilometres north of Lillooet, near Marble Canyon. There is another reserves of which is immediately on the other side of Marble Canyon near Upper Hat Creek. Another non-residential reserve on the opposite side of the Fraser River from Pavilion is Pavilion Indian Reserve 1A, used for hunting in that area. They historically have close ties and a shared cultural identity with their Secwepemc neighbours, particularly the Bonaparte group, but also with the St'at'imc of Fountain and Lillooet. The Tsk'weylecw'mc are both St'at'imc Secwepemc ethnically, and have close family ties and shared cultural traditions with the Canyon Shuswap at nearby High Bar, the Llenlleney'ten, who although Secwepemc are partly Tsilhqot'in in identity. Their particular dialect is a hybrid of St'at'imcets and Secwepemctsin. Most placenames in the Pavilion area are Secwepemctsin, a legacy times in the recent past, just prior to the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush, when the east bank of the Fraser, including Fountain and opposite Lillooet itself, were part of Secwepemc territory.

neg: Fort Simpson Fort Simpson (Slavey language: Liidli Kue "place where rivers come together") is a village, the only one in the entire territory, in the Dehcho Region of the Northwest Territories, Canada. The community is located on an island at the confluence of the Mackenzie and Liard Rivers. It is approximately 500 km west of Yellowknife. Both rivers were traditionally trade routes for the Hudson's Bay Company and the native Dene people of the area.


query: What year did the new stadium for the Atlanta Falcons open in?

pos: Georgia Dome The Georgia Dome is a recently retired domed stadium in the southeastern United States, currently under demolition. Located in Atlanta, Georgia, between downtown to the east and Vine City to the west, it was owned and operated by the State of Georgia as part of the Georgia World Congress Center Authority. Its successor, Mercedes-Benz Stadium, was built adjacent to the south and opened in August 2017.

pos: Mercedes-Benz Stadium Mercedes-Benz Stadium is a multi-purpose retractable roof stadium located in Atlanta, Georgia. The home of the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League (NFL) and Atlanta United FC of Major League Soccer (MLS), it replaced the adjacent Georgia Dome, the Falcons' home stadium for a quarter century, from 1992 through 2016.

neg: Weingart Stadium Weingart Stadium (formerly ELAC Stadium) is a 22,355-capacity multi-purpose stadium located at East Los Angeles College, in Monterey Park, California. It was built in 1951 at a cost of $3.1 million, and following renovations in 1984 it was renamed after philanthropist Ben Weingart.

neg: Atlanta Regional Airport Atlanta Regional Airport (ICAO: KFFC, FAA LID: FFC) , also known as Falcon Field, is a public use airport in Fayette County, Georgia, United States. It is located 25 nautical miles (29 mi, 46 km) southwest of the central business district of Atlanta, in Peachtree City. This airport is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2017–2021, which categorized it as a regional "general aviation" facility.

neg: Cleveland Stadium Cleveland Stadium, commonly known as Municipal Stadium or Lakefront Stadium, was a multi-purpose stadium located in Cleveland, Ohio. It was one of the early multi-purpose stadiums, built to accommodate both baseball and football. The stadium opened in 1931 and is best known as the long-time home of the Cleveland Indians of Major League Baseball, from 1932 to 1993, and the Cleveland Browns of the National Football League (NFL), from 1946 to 1995, in addition to hosting other teams, sports, and being a regular concert venue. The stadium was a four-time host of the Major League Baseball All-Star Game, one of the host venues of the 1948 and 1954 World Series, and the site of the original Dawg Pound, Red Right 88, and The Drive.

neg: Foxboro Stadium Foxboro Stadium, originally Schaefer Stadium and later Sullivan Stadium, was an outdoor stadium located in Foxborough, Massachusetts, United States. It opened in 1971 and served as the home of the New England Patriots of the National Football League (NFL) until 2001 and also as the home venue for the New England Revolution of Major League Soccer (MLS) from 1996 to 2001. The stadium was the site of several games in both the 1994 FIFA World Cup and the 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup which the U.S. won. Foxboro Stadium was demolished in 2002 and replaced by Gillette Stadium and the Patriot Place shopping center.

neg: Phillips Field (Florida) Phillips Field was a medium-sized stadium (maximum capacity approximately 20,000) located on the west bank of the Hillsborough River across from downtown Tampa, immediately adjacent to the University of Tampa. It opened on October 4, 1937, and served as the home for the University of Tampa's football team from 1937 to 1967. The facility was named for local businessman I. W. Phillips, who donated the land to the school so that the Spartans would not have to share nearby Plant Field, which was often unavailable due to its use for many different sports and community events.

neg: Olympic Stadium (Hoquiam) Olympic Stadium is a stadium in Hoquiam, Washington which opened in 1938. The City of Hoquiam first got the idea for an all-wood stadium in the early 1930s when it applied for a Civil Works Administration grant. In 1932, the grant was approved. Construction began in early 1938 with the stadium officially opening to the public on Nov. 24, 1938. A renovation grant was awarded through the "Save America's Treasures" program requested by Congressional Representative Norm Dicks in 2005. Dicks also backed the State Historic Preservation Office request to add the stadium to the National Register of Historic Places which was granted in 2006.

neg: 1956 Air Force Falcons football team The 1956 Air Force Falcons football team represented the United States Air Force Academy in the 1956 college football season. The Falcons did not have an official stadium during the season, and remained without one until the 1962 season when Falcon Stadium opened. They were led by first year head coach Buck Shaw and played the second season for the Air Force falcons football program. The Falcons were independent, and finished with a record of 6–2–1.

neg: Bragg Memorial Stadium Bragg Memorial Stadium is a 25,500-seat football stadium in Tallahassee, Florida, United States. It opened in 1957 and was renovated in 1982. It is home to the Florida A&M Rattlers football team.

neg: 1994 Pro Bowl The 1994 Pro Bowl was the NFL's all-star game for the 1993 season. The game was played on February 6, 1994, at Aloha Stadium in Honolulu, Hawaii. The final Score was NFC 17, AFC 3. Andre Rison of the Atlanta Falcons was the game's MVP. This was also Joe Montana's last Pro Bowl appearance (coincidentally, the coaches for this game were from both teams that Montana played for in his career: Kansas City's Marty Schottenheimer and San Francisco's George Seifert). The referee was Gordon McCarter.

neg: Tucker Stadium Tucker Stadium is a 16,500-seat multi-purpose stadium in Cookeville, Tennessee. It is home to the Tennessee Technological University Golden Eagles team, and is named for former coach, Wilburn Tucker (1920–1980). The football field is named Overall Field in honor of former coach and administrator P.V. Overall. The stadium opened in 1966 and currently seats 16,500.

neg: College Park, Georgia College Park is a city in the U.S. state of Georgia, adjacent to the southern boundary of the city of Atlanta. As of the 2010 census, the population was 13,942. Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport is partially located in the city's boundaries (including the domestic terminal, Concourse T, Concourse A, and about two-thirds of Concourse B), and the Georgia International Convention Center, owned and operated by the City of College Park, is within the city limits.

neg: Hughes Stadium (Morgan State) Hughes Stadium, also known as The Den, is a multi-purpose stadium in Baltimore, Maryland. It is primarily used for football and is home of the Morgan State Bears. The stadium opened in 1937 and currently has a capacity of 10,001. Hughes Stadium features two separate seating structures behind both sidelines.

neg: Atlanta Marathon The Atlanta Marathon was an annual 26.2 mi marathon held in Atlanta, Georgia, United States between 1963 and 2013.

neg: Centennial Olympic Park Centennial Olympic Park is a 21 acre public park located in downtown Atlanta, Georgia owned and operated by the Georgia World Congress Center Authority. It was built by the Atlanta Committee for the Olympic Games (ACOG) as part of the infrastructure improvements for the 1996 Summer Olympics. It plays host to millions of visitors a year and several events, including a summer popular music concert series (Wednesday WindDown) and an annual Independence Day concert and fireworks display.

neg: Atlanta Motor Speedway Atlanta Motor Speedway (formerly Atlanta International Raceway) is a 1.5-mile oval racetrack in Hampton, Georgia, United States, 20 miles (32 km) south of Atlanta. It has annually hosted NASCAR Cup Series stock car races since its inauguration in 1960.

neg: Moye Complex The Tony and Nancy Moye Football and Lacrosse Complex (also known as Moye Complex, the stadium itself is officially named Five Star Stadium) is a 10,200 seat football and lacrosse stadium on the campus of Mercer University in Macon, Georgia, United States. Construction began on November 12, 2011 and was completed in 2013; the AstroTurf 3D Extreme surface was completed in 2012, the football team conducted its first practice in the stadium on August 27, 2012. The university initially announced the complex would have 6,000 seats; the number was increased to 10,200 in 2012. The first football game at Moye Complex was on August 31, 2013; Mercer defeated Reinhardt University in front of an overflow crowd of 12,172 spectators.

neg: Memorial Stadium (Waycross) Memorial Stadium is a 12,000-capacity county-owned stadium located in Waycross, Georgia, the largest city in and county seat of Ware County in the southern part of the state.

neg: 1966 Philadelphia Eagles season The 1966 NFL draft was held on November 27, 1965, the last year in which the NFL and the AFL had separate drafts. As a result, many players selected by teams from both leagues would choose to play for the more established NFL, or in a rarer case, the AFL. The expansion Atlanta Falcons were awarded the first pick in the draft as well as the final pick in each of the first five rounds. The league also provided the Falcons with an expansion draft six weeks later, selecting players from NFL rosters.

neg: Maddox Park Maddox Park is a 51.5 acre community park located in the west side of Atlanta (in the Bankhead neighborhood), across Donald Lee Hollowell Parkway from Bankhead MARTA station. It is approximately 1.5 mi west of Georgia Tech. The park has an existing rail line running through it, which is part of the proposed route of the Belt Line. The park is named in honor of former Atlanta mayor Robert Maddox and opened in 1931.

neg: Atlanta Financial Center The Atlanta Financial Center is a 914,747-square-foot office building located in Buckhead, Atlanta, Georgia. The office complex is situated directly over Georgia 400 and features a black aluminum/glass-frame design, composed of three interconnected towers: an 11 story South Tower, a 12 story North Tower and a 19-story East Tower. The Atlanta Finalcial Center is situated next to the MARTA Red Line Buckhead station; the Red Line runs directly underneath the complex.