query: Do both Platystemon and Aulax grow in soils?

pos: Platystemon Platystemon is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the poppy family containing the single species Platystemon californicus, which is known by the common name creamcups. It is native to Oregon, California, Arizona, Utah and Baja California, and is found in open grasslands and sandy soils.

pos: Aulax In all respects except frost hardiness, these are tough plants. They tolerate extreme heat, very low humidity, and prolonged drought. Like virtually all Proteaceae plants, they grow best on a light gritty soil with good drainage. They propagate from seed or half-hardened late summer-autumn cuttings.

neg: Apodasmia (plant) Apodasmia is a group of plants in the Restionaceae described as a genus in 1998. It is native to Australia, New Zealand, and Chile.

neg: Aulacostroma Aulacostroma is a genus of fungi in the family Parmulariaceae.

neg: Lophostemon grandiflorus Lophostemon grandiflorus is a member of the Myrtaceae family endemic to Western Australia, the Northern Territory and Queensland.

neg: Antigo (soil) Antigo soils are among the most extensive soils in Wisconsin. They occur on about 300,000 acres (1,200 km²) in the northern part of the State. Antigo soils are well-drained and formed under northern hardwood forests in loess and loamy sediments over stratified sandy outwash. The average annual precipitation ranges from 28 to , and the average annual air temperature ranges from 39 to . The soil series was named after the city of Antigo, Wisconsin.

neg: Phlox alyssifolia Phlox alyssifolia, or alyssum-leaved phlox, is a flowering plant in the genus "Phlox". It is native to central North America.

neg: Carex aurea Carex aurea is a species of sedge known by the common name golden sedge. It is native to much of North America, including most of Canada and the western and central United States. It grows in wet habitat, often on soils of a basic pH.

neg: Sphenostemon Sphenostemon is the genus of small evergreen trees or shrubs native to New Guinea, Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. They have opposite or spiral leaves, and at most small stipules. The small flowers, borne in terminal inflorescences, have free (i.e. unjoined) sepals and petals. The anthers have thick filaments. The fruit, a berry, is fleshy and contains two seeds. The genus is described as "particularly poorly known".

neg: Cycas platyphylla Cycas platyphylla is a cycad in the genus "Cycas", native to Queensland, Australia.

neg: Bulbophyllum aureobrunneum Bulbophyllum aureobrunneum is a species of orchid in the genus "Bulbophyllum".

neg: Duripan A duripan is a diagnostic soil horizon of the USDA soil taxonomy that is cemented by illuvial silica into a subsurface hardpan. Similar to a fragipan, Petrocalcic Horizon and petrogypsic horizon, it is firmly cemented and restricts soil management. In soil descriptions, they are most often denoted by the symbol Bqm. The closest equivalent in the Canadian system of soil classification is called a duric horizon, although it does not mean exactly the same thing as a duripan in the United States. They form almost exclusively in arid or Mediterranean climates, and can be as hard as concrete, which makes plowing very difficult or impossible. Soils that include duripans are generally used for grazing or wildlife habitat, and are seldom cultivated.

neg: Aulonemia ximenae Aulonemia ximenae is a species of bamboo of the "Aulonemia" genus.

neg: Ranunculus anemoneus Ranunculus anemoneus, commonly known as the anemone buttercup, is an endangered species of buttercup found in alpine Australia.

neg: Inceptisol Inceptisols are a soil order in USDA soil taxonomy. They form quickly through alteration of parent material. They are more developed than entisols. They have no accumulation of clays, iron oxide, aluminium oxide or organic matter. They have an ochric or umbric horizon and a cambic subsurface horizon.

neg: Petalonyx Petalonyx is a small genus of flowering plants native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. They are known commonly as sandpaper plants, and are most often found in warm, dry desert regions. Sandpaper plants are subshrubs that get their common name from their rough foliage, which is covered in tiny, stiffly curved hairs. They bear racemes of claw-shaped flowers with long stamens extending well beyond the corolla, and unusual in that they emerge from outside the corolla.

neg: Genlisea aurea Genlisea aurea is one of the largest carnivorous species in the genus "Genlisea" (family Lentibulariaceae). It has pale bundles of root-like organs up to about 15 cm long under ground that attract, trap, and digest protozoans. These organs are subterranean leaves, which lack chlorophyll. "G. aurea" is endemic to Brazil, where it grows with several other species of "Genlisea". It possesses an exceptionally small genome for a flowering plant.

neg: Epigynum auritum Epigynum auritum is a plant species in the genus "Epigynum". It is native to Yunnan Province in China, as well as Assam State in India, Laos, Thailand, Myanmar (Burma), and the Peninsular region of Malaysia.

neg: Rhododendron arborescens Rhododendron arborescens, also known as smooth azalea or sweet azalea, generally blooms in late spring and early summer. They are named sweet azalea after their sweet-scented aroma. The flowers range in color from white to pink with red stamens. Their leaves can also become deep red to purple in the fall. This plant, indigenous to the United States, is generally found growing near moist areas or streams. The plant prefers growth in acidic soil with a pH of 6.8 or less. It grows best in sandy soils above 3000 feet. Their flowers are also known to contain poisonous substances and must not be consumed by wild animals or humans. The effects of consuming this plant include depression, vomiting, diarrhea, difficulty in breathing, and most dangerously coma.

neg: Eastern rosella The eastern rosella ("Platycercus eximius") is a rosella native to southeast of the Australian continent and to Tasmania.

neg: Acacia plectocarpa Acacia plectocarpa is a tree or shrub belonging to the genus "Acacia" and the subgenus "Juliflorae". It is native to a large area in the Northern Territory and the Kimberley region of Western Australia.

neg: Homalocalyx aureus Homalocalyx aureus is a member of the "Myrtaceae" family endemic to Western Australia.


query: When was the film produced by the wife of Nick Hornby, starring Saoirse Ronan, Emory Cohen, Domhnall Gleeson, Jim Broadbent, and Julie Walters released?

pos: Amanda Posey Amanda Rachel Posey (born June 1965) is a British film producer, best known for her films "An Education" and "Brooklyn", produced with frequent collaborator Finola Dwyer. She is the wife of novelist and screenwriter Nick Hornby.

pos: Brooklyn (film) Brooklyn is a 2015 British-Canadian-Irish romantic drama film directed by John Crowley and written by Nick Hornby, based on Colm Tóibín's 2009 novel of the same name. The film stars Saoirse Ronan, Emory Cohen, Domhnall Gleeson, Jim Broadbent, and Julie Walters. Set in 1951 and 1952, the film tells the story of a young Irish woman's immigration to Brooklyn, where she falls in love. When her past catches up with her she must choose between two countries and the lives that exist within them for her.

neg: Drunk Wedding Drunk Wedding is a 2015 American comedy film directed by Nick Weiss and written by Anthony Weiss and Nick Weiss. The film stars Nick P. Ross, J.R. Ramirez, Christian Cooke, Bethany Dwyer, Dan Gill and Victoria Gold. The film was released on May 22, 2015, by Paramount Pictures.

neg: White Irish Drinkers White Irish Drinkers is a 2010 American drama film written and directed by John Gray. It stars Nick Thurston and Geoffrey Wigdor.

neg: Stealing Cars Stealing Cars is a 2015 American crime drama film directed by Bradley J. Kaplan and written by Will Aldis and Steve Mackall. The film stars Emory Cohen, Mike Epps, Felicity Huffman, William H. Macy, and John Leguizamo. The film was premiered at Los Angeles Film Festival on June 13, 2015.

neg: The Price of Sex The Price of Sex is a 2011 full-length documentary film directed and produced by Mimi Chakarova. The film was released in multiple countries including Turkey, United States, United Arab Emirates, Bulgaria.

neg: Carrie Pilby (film) Carrie Pilby is a 2016 American comedy film directed by Susan Johnson and written by Kara Holden and Dean Craig, based on the best-selling novel of the same name by Caren Lissner. The film stars Bel Powley, Nathan Lane, Gabriel Byrne, Jason Ritter, William Moseley, Vanessa Bayer, and Colin O'Donoghue. Principal photography began on December 14, 2015 in New York City.

neg: Leonard Cohen: I'm Your Man Leonard Cohen: I'm Your Man is a 2005 film by Lian Lunson about the life and career of Leonard Cohen. It is based on a January 2005 tribute show at the Sydney Opera House titled "Came So Far for Beauty", which was presented by Sydney Festival under the artistic direction of Brett Sheehy, and produced by Hal Willner. Performers at this show included Nick Cave, Jarvis Cocker, The Handsome Family, Beth Orton, Rufus Wainwright, Martha Wainwright, Teddy Thompson, Linda Thompson, Antony, Kate & Anna McGarrigle, with Cohen's former back-up singers Perla Batalla and Julie Christensen as special guests. The end of the film includes a performance by Leonard Cohen and U2, which was not recorded live, but filmed specifically for the film at the Slipper Room in New York in May 2005.

neg: Tiger House Tiger House is an English-language thriller film directed by Thomas Daley and starring Kaya Scodelario, Dougray Scott, and Ed Skrein. Scodelario stars as an injured, pregnant and barefoot gymnast who must defend her boyfriend's house against a home invasion. The film is produced by the United Kingdom-based Glass Man Films and the South Africa-based Tiger House Film. The film, set in the United Kingdom, was filmed in South Africa. Koch Media acquired distribution rights for the United Kingdom. "Tiger House" was released for digital download on 24 August 2015 and on home media on 1 September 2015.

neg: A Christmas Kiss A Christmas Kiss is a 2011 American television romance film directed by John Stimpson and starring Elisabeth Röhm, Laura Breckenridge, and Brendan Fehr. Written by Joany Kane, the film is about an aspiring interior designer who has a chance encounter with a handsome stranger, with whom she shares an impulsive romantic kiss in an elevator. Later she discovers that he is the wealthy socialite boyfriend of her callous and dominating employer. While decorating and preparing his home for an upcoming holiday charity fundraiser, they get to know each other, and soon he must decide which woman holds the key to his future happiness. Filmed on location in Richmond, Virginia, "A Christmas Kiss" first aired on December 11, 2011 on the Ion Television network.

neg: Lady Chatterley (film) Lady Chatterley is a 2006 French drama film by Pascale Ferran. The film is an adaptation of the novel "John Thomas and Lady Jane", an earlier version of "Lady Chatterley's Lover", by D. H. Lawrence. It was released in France on 1 November 2006, followed by limited release in the U.S. on 22 June 2007 and in the UK on 24 August 2007.

neg: High Fidelity (novel) High Fidelity is a novel by British author Nick Hornby first published in 1995. It has sold over a million copies and was later adapted into a feature film in 2000 and a Broadway musical in 2006. In 2003, the novel was listed on the BBC's survey The Big Read.

neg: Frat Star Frat Star (Stylized as FRΔT STΔR) is a feature-length dark comedy film released on January 3, 2017. The film is written by Grant S. Johnson. He and Ippsie Jones co-directed the film, and he and Hunter Ryan (Other People (film)) are producers. It stars Connor Lawrence, Justin Mark, Cathryn Dylan, Tyler Weaks, and Chris Elliott (Groundhog Day (film), There's Something About Mary). Instagram influencer 'FuckJerry' and his business partner, Elie Ballas, are Executive Producers.

neg: The Kings of Summer The Kings of Summer (originally Toy's House) is a 2013 American independent coming-of-age comedy-drama film that premiered at the 2013 Sundance Film Festival. It stars Nick Robinson, Moisés Arias, Gabriel Basso, and Nick Offerman.

neg: Neverwas Neverwas is a 2005 Canadian-American fantasy drama film, written and directed by Joshua Michael Stern in his directorial debut. It stars Ian McKellen, Aaron Eckhart, Brittany Murphy, Nick Nolte, William Hurt, and Jessica Lange. It was first shown at the 2005 Toronto International Film Festival. However, the film was never given a full theatrical release, eventually being released straight to DVD in 2007.

neg: Yeh Faasley Yeh Faasley is a Hindi thriller film, directed by Yogesh Mittal and produced by Omprakash Mittal. Yogesh Mittal who has earlier worked as an assistant director and as a part of several production teams. The film is about Arunima (Tena Desae), who is the daughter of one of the biggest builders in her town. She just returned from abroad after completing her studies and is glad to be back with her father. The film was released on 4 March 2011.

neg: City of Ember City of Ember is a 2008 American science fantasy film based on the 2003 novel "The City of Ember" by Jeanne DuPrau. It was produced by Walden Media, Playtone, Seth Hanchett, Gary Goetzman, Tom Hanks and Steven Shareshian, directed by Gil Kenan, distributed by 20th Century Fox, written by Caroline Thompson with music by Andrew Lockington and stars Saoirse Ronan, Harry Treadaway, Bill Murray, Mackenzie Crook, Martin Landau, Mary Kay Place, Toby Jones and Tim Robbins. It was theatrically released in October 10, 2008 by 20th Century Fox, just two months after the release of the final book in the series; "The Diamond of Darkhold". The film received mixed reviews from critics and was a box office flop.

neg: The Marrying Man The Marrying Man (known as Too Hot to Handle in the United Kingdom and Australia) is an American 1991 romantic comedy film starring Alec Baldwin and Kim Basinger. The film was directed by Jerry Rees, and written by Neil Simon. The film opened to poor reviews and flopped at the box office, with Basinger's performance in the film earning her a Golden Raspberry Award nomination for Worst Actress, where she lost to Sean Young for "A Kiss Before Dying".

neg: From Prada to Nada From Prada to Nada is a 2011 US romantic comedy film directed by Angel Gracia and produced by Gary Gilbert, Linda McDonough, Gigi Pritzker and Chris Ranta. It is loosely based on Jane Austen's 1811 novel "Sense and Sensibility". The screenplay was adapted by Luis Alfaro, Craig Fernandez and Fina Torres to be a Latino version of the English novel, where two spoiled sisters who have been left penniless after their father's sudden death are forced to move in with their estranged aunt in East Los Angeles.

neg: Lady Bird (film) Lady Bird is a 2017 American comedy-drama film written and directed by Greta Gerwig. It stars Saoirse Ronan, Laurie Metcalf, Tracy Letts, Lucas Hedges, Timothée Chalamet, Beanie Feldstein, Stephen McKinley Henderson and Lois Smith.

neg: Adam Brody Adam Jared Brody (born December 15, 1979) is an American actor, writer, musician and producer. He is best known for his role as Seth Cohen on "The O.C.". Brody has appeared in the films "Mr. & Mrs. Smith" (2005), "Thank You for Smoking" (2006), "In the Land of Women" (2007), "Jennifer's Body" (2009), "Cop Out" (2010), "Scream 4" (2011), "Lovelace" (2013), "Life Partners" (2014), and "Sleeping with Other People" (2015).

neg: All the Pretty Horses (film) All the Pretty Horses is a 2000 American romance western film produced and directed by Billy Bob Thornton, and based on Cormac McCarthy's novel of the same name. Starring Matt Damon and Penélope Cruz, the film was released on Christmas Day 2000 to mostly negative reviews. It grossed $18 million worldwide, against a $57 million budget.


query: Who voiced the numerous creatures that appear in a film franchise that began in 2010?

pos: Chris Renaud (animator) Chris Renaud (born December 1966) is an American illustrator and filmmaker. He was nominated for an Academy Award for the 2006 animated short "No Time for Nuts", which featured the character Scrat from the computer animated "Ice Age" films. His most notable work is the "Despicable Me" franchise, including "Despicable Me" and "Despicable Me 2", which he co-directed with Pierre Coffin. Along with Coffin, he also co-created and lent his voice to the Minions from "Despicable Me".

pos: Minions (Despicable Me) Minions are the numerous creatures that appear in the "Despicable Me" franchise, which began with the eponymous 2010 film. They are also the official mascots of Illumination Entertainment, a division of Universal Studios, and have been described as being a corporate icon for Universal/Illumination's parent company Comcast on par with Disney's Mickey Mouse following Comcast's purchase of NBCUniversal.

neg: Snorlax Snorlax ( ), known in Japan as Kabigon (カビゴン ) , is a Pokémon species in Nintendo and Game Freak's "Pokémon" franchise. Created by Ken Sugimori, Snorlax first appeared in the video games "Pokémon Red" and "Blue" and subsequent sequels, later appearing in various merchandise, spinoff titles and animated and printed adaptations of the franchise. It is voiced by Katsuyuki Konishi in the Japanese versions of the "Pokémon" anime and the "Super Smash Bros." series of video games, while the character was voiced by Hitoshi Takagi and Mitsuru Ogata in the animated shorts "Pikachu's Rescue Adventure" and "Pikachu & Pichu" respectively. In its English-language appearances, it was originally voiced by Michael Haigney, and later Eric Stuart.

neg: Wallace Shawn Wallace Michael Shawn (born November 12, 1943) is an American actor, voice actor, playwright, essayist and comedian. His film roles have included those of Wally Shawn in the Louis Malle-directed comedy-drama "My Dinner with Andre" (1981), Vizzini in "The Princess Bride" (1987), Ezra in "The Haunted Mansion", providing the voice of Rex in the "Toy Story" franchise, providing the voice of Gilbert Huph in "The Incredibles" (2004), and providing the voice of Calico in "" (2010). He also starred in a variety of television series, including "Gossip Girl" and recurring appearances as Grand Nagus Zek in "" (1993–99).

neg: Final Fantasy: The Spirits Within Final Fantasy: The Spirits Within is a 2001 American computer-animated science fiction film directed by Hironobu Sakaguchi, creator of the "Final Fantasy" series of role-playing video games. It was the first photorealistic computer-animated feature film and remains the most expensive video game-inspired film of all time. It features the voices of Ming-Na Wen, Alec Baldwin, Donald Sutherland, James Woods, Ving Rhames, Peri Gilpin and Steve Buscemi.

neg: Pierre Coffin Pierre-Louis Padang Coffin (born 15 March 1967) is a French animator, film director and voice actor. He is best known for co-directing, with Chris Renaud, the films in the "Despicable Me" franchise, and as the voice of the Minions, which won him the Kids Family Award at the 10th Seiyu Awards.

neg: The Lorax (film) The Lorax (also known as Dr. Seuss' The Lorax) is a 2012 American 3D computer-animated musical fantasy–comedy film produced by Illumination Entertainment and based on Dr. Seuss's children's book of the same name. The film was released by Universal Pictures on March 2, 2012, on the 108th birthday of Dr. Seuss. The second film adaptation of the book (following the 1972 animated television special), the film builds on the book by expanding the story of Ted, the previously unnamed boy who visits the Once-ler. The cast includes Danny DeVito as the Lorax, Ed Helms as the Once-ler, and Zac Efron as Ted. New characters introduced in the film are Audrey (voiced by Taylor Swift), Aloysius O'Hare (Rob Riggle), Mrs. Wiggins, Ted's mother (Jenny Slate), and Grammy Norma (Betty White).

neg: Jackboots on Whitehall Jackboots on Whitehall is a 2010 British puppet adult animated satirical action comedy war adventure film set in an alternative history Second World War, in which Nazi Germany has seized London. The British must band together at Hadrian's Wall if they are to thwart the German invasion. This is the first film of its kind to feature animatronic puppets and the voices of well-known British actors including Ewan McGregor, Rosamund Pike, Richard E. Grant, Timothy Spall, Richard O'Brien, and Richard Griffiths. The film was executive produced by Frank Mannion. The film premiered at the EIFF on June 20, 2010 and was theatrically released in the United Kingdom on 8 October 2010 by Vertigo Films. The film grossed $20,776 on a $6 million budget. "Jackboots on Whitehall" was released on DVD and Blu-ray on 26 July 2011 by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment.

neg: Tinker Bell and the Great Fairy Rescue Tinker Bell and the Great Fairy Rescue is a 2010 computer-animated comedy adventure film and the third installment of the "Disney Fairies" franchise produced by DisneyToon Studios. It is the sequel to the 2008 film "Tinker Bell" and the 2009 film, "Tinker Bell and the Lost Treasure" and revolves around Tinker Bell, a fairy character created by J. M. Barrie in his play "Peter Pan, or The Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up", and featured in subsequent adaptations, especially in Disney's animated works. Animated by Prana Studios, the film was produced using Digital 3D modeling. It was released on DVD and Blu-ray by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment on September 21, 2010. Unlike the other films in the series, it takes place entirely away from Pixie Hollow.

neg: Daniel Ross (actor) Daniel Ross (born 1980) is an American actor, voice actor and producer. Ross is the voice of Donald Duck in "Mickey and the Roadster Racers", as well as Starscream, Hound, and Mixmaster in . He can be seen in the movies, "Ninjas vs. Zombies", "Ninjas vs. Vampires", "Ninjas vs. Monsters", as well as Eduardo Sanchez's "Lovely Molly".

neg: Quest for Zhu Quest for Zhu is a 2011 American/Canadian direct-to-DVD animated action/adventure family film. It is the first full-length feature film based on the Zhu Zhu Pets franchise. It stars Canadian voice actors Mariah Wilkerson, Shannon Chan-Kent, Ian James Corlett, Sean Campbell, Erin Mathews, Jillian Michaels, Jan Rabson, and Kathleen Barr. The film was released on DVD September 27, 2011, then aired on Nickelodeon on December 4, 2011.

neg: The ZhuZhus The ZhuZhus (formerly known as Polly and the ZhuZhu Pets) is an animated children's television series developed by Hugh Duffy. The series is based on the American toy franchise "ZhuZhu Pets". It is the second animated adaptation starring the Fab Four; Pipsqueak, Mr. Squiggles, Num Nums, and Chunk, following Quest for Zhu in 2011.

neg: Scooby-Doo! Curse of the Lake Monster Scooby-Doo! Curse of the Lake Monster is a 2010 television supernatural comedy film directed by Brian Levant for Cartoon Network and based on the Saturday morning cartoon series "Scooby-Doo" by Hanna-Barbera. It is the fourth installment in the "Scooby-Doo" live-action film series and a sequel to the 2009 film "Scooby-Doo! The Mystery Begins", whose cast reprise their roles again here. The film was shot in Santa Clarita, California and Sherwood Country Club in Thousand Oaks, California and premiered on October 16, 2010.

neg: 2010 in film In the year 2010, there was a dramatic increase and prominence in the use of 3D-technology in filmmaking after the success of "Avatar" in the format, with releases such as "Alice in Wonderland", "Clash of the Titans", "Jackass 3D", all animated films, with numerous other titles being released in 3D formats.

neg: Frozen (franchise) Frozen is a Disney media franchise started by the 2013 American animated feature film, "Frozen", which was directed by Chris Buck and Jennifer Lee from a screenplay by Lee and produced by Peter Del Vecho, with songs by Robert Lopez and Kristen Anderson-Lopez. Walt Disney Animation Studios' chief creative officer John Lasseter served as the film's executive producer. The original film was inspired by the Hans Christian Andersen's fairy tale, "The Snow Queen".

neg: Alice in Wonderland (2010 film) Alice in Wonderland is a 2010 American fantasy adventure film directed by Tim Burton from a screenplay written by Linda Woolverton. The film stars Johnny Depp, Anne Hathaway, Helena Bonham Carter, Crispin Glover, Matt Lucas, and Mia Wasikowska and features the voices of Alan Rickman, Stephen Fry, Michael Sheen, and Timothy Spall. Based on Lewis Carroll's fantasy novels, "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland" and "Through the Looking-Glass". This film tells the story of a nineteen-year-old Alice Kingsley (stated in the film to be a daughter of Charles Kingsley), who is told that she can restore the White Queen to her throne, with the help of the Mad Hatter. She is the only one who can slay the Jabberwock, a dragon-like creature that is controlled by the Red Queen and terrorizes Underland's inhabitants.

neg: List of Harry Potter cast members Several actors of the United Kingdom and Ireland have voiced or portrayed characters appearing in the "Harry Potter" film series based on the book series by J. K. Rowling. Daniel Radcliffe, Rupert Grint and Emma Watson have played Harry Potter, Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger in all the films. When they were cast only Radcliffe had previously acted in a film. Complementing them on screen are such actors as Helena Bonham Carter, Jim Broadbent, John Cleese, Robbie Coltrane, Warwick Davis, Ralph Fiennes, Michael Gambon, Brendan Gleeson, Richard Griffiths, Richard Harris, John Hurt, Jason Isaacs, Miriam Margolyes, Helen McCrory, Gary Oldman, Alan Rickman, Fiona Shaw, Maggie Smith, Timothy Spall, Imelda Staunton, David Thewlis, Emma Thompson, and Julie Walters, among others. Thirteen actors have appeared as the same character in all eight films of the series.

neg: SpongeBob SquarePants (film series) SpongeBob SquarePants is an American animated/live-action comedy film series based on the Nickelodeon animated television program of the same name, created by Stephen Hillenburg. It began in 2004 with the release of "The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie". The series is distributed and owned by Paramount Pictures, a subsidiary of Nickelodeon's parent company Viacom. All films feature the regular television voice cast: Tom Kenny, Clancy Brown, Rodger Bumpass, Bill Fagerbakke, Mr. Lawrence, Jill Talley, Carolyn Lawrence, Mary Jo Catlett and Lori Alan. The first installment was directed by Hillenburg, and all subsequent films were directed by former showrunner Paul Tibbitt.

neg: Garette Ratliff Henson Garette Cody Holden Patrick Henson (born January 5, 1980) is an American actor, best known for his role as Guy Germaine in "The Mighty Ducks" trilogy.

neg: The Croods The Croods is a 2013 American 3D computer-animated comedy adventure film produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by 20th Century Fox. It stars the voices of Nicolas Cage, Emma Stone, Ryan Reynolds, Catherine Keener, Clark Duke, and Cloris Leachman. The film is set in a fictional prehistoric Pliocene era known as "The Croodaceous" (a prehistoric period which contains fictional prehistoric creatures) when a caveman's position as a "Leader of the Hunt" is threatened by the arrival of a prehistoric genius who comes up with revolutionary new inventions as they trek through a dangerous but exotic land in search of a new home.

neg: Tangled (franchise) Tangled is a Disney media franchise started by the 2010 American animated feature "Tangled", which was directed by Nathan Greno and Byron Howard from a screenplay by Dan Fogelman and produced by Roy Conli, with songs by Alan Menken and Glenn Slater. Walt Disney Animation Studios' chief creative officer John Lasseter served as the film's executive producer. The original film was inspired by the German fairy tale "Rapunzel" in the collection of folk tales published by the Brothers Grimm.

neg: The Muppets The Muppets are an ensemble cast of puppet characters known for their self-aware, burlesque, and meta-referential style of variety-sketch comedy. Created by Jim Henson and his wife Jane Henson in 1955, they are the namesake for the Disney media franchise that encompasses feature films, television series, music recordings, theme park attractions, print publications, merchandising, and other media works associated with the characters.


query: Which Michael Haneke film did Margaret Ménégoz work on that focused on retired music teachers?

pos: Margaret Ménégoz Margaret Ménégoz (born "Margit Katarina Baranyai", 21 April 1941) is a German-French film producer. She has produced over 50 films since 1976. She was a member of the jury at the 40th Berlin International Film Festival. She has worked with Michael Haneke on several of his films, including "Amour", which she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture.

pos: Amour (2012 film) Amour (] ; French: "Love") is a 2012 French-language romantic drama film written and directed by the Austrian filmmaker Michael Haneke, starring Jean-Louis Trintignant, Emmanuelle Riva and Isabelle Huppert. The narrative focuses on an elderly couple, Anne and Georges, who are retired music teachers with a daughter who lives abroad. Anne suffers a stroke which paralyses her on the right side of her body. The film is a co-production among the French, German, and Austrian companies Les Films du Losange, X-Filme Creative Pool, and Wega Film.

neg: Fran Brill Frances Joan "Fran" Brill (born September 30, 1946) is a retired American actress and puppeteer, best known for her roles on "Sesame Street" as well as playing Sally Hayes in the Hal Ashby film "Being There" (1979) and Lily Marvin in the Frank Oz film "What About Bob?" (1991).

neg: Touch the Sound (soundtrack) Touch the Sound is a soundtrack by Scottish percussionist Evelyn Glennie of the 2004 documentary film "Touch the Sound" by German filmmaker Thomas Riedelsheimer about Glennie, who is profoundly deaf. It was released on CD in 2004 by German record label, Normal.

neg: The Piano The Piano is a 1993 New Zealand drama film about a mute piano player and her daughter, set during the mid-19th century in a rainy, muddy frontier backwater town on the west coast of New Zealand. It revolves around the musician's passion for playing the piano and her efforts to regain her piano after it is sold. It was written and directed by Jane Campion and stars Holly Hunter, Harvey Keitel, Sam Neill, and Anna Paquin in her first acting role. The film's score by Michael Nyman became a best-selling soundtrack album, and Hunter played her own piano pieces for the film. She also served as sign language teacher for Paquin, earning three screen credits. The film is an international co-production by Australian producer Jan Chapman with the French company Ciby 2000.

neg: Margaret Ford-Taylor Margaret Ford-Taylor is a playwright, director, author, actress, teacher and arts administrator . She has received many awards, commendations and honors, including the Kennedy Center scriptwriting competition for "Don't Rock the Boat", and two Emmy nominations. The first was for her performance in the public television production, "American Women: Echoes and Dreams", and her second Emmy nomination was as writer of the ABC television documentary, "The Second Reconstruction". Ms. Ford Taylor has been an instructor on the history of theater and acting at Cleveland State University, the University of Akron and Kent State University. She holds an MA from Kent State University.

neg: Women in Music (periodical) Women in Music was an American newsletter founded in July 1935 by its publisher and editor, Frédérique Petrides, then the conductor of the Orchestrette Classique – an orchestra based in New York made-up of all women musicians. The publication ran until December 1940. The thirty-seven extant issues have been reprinted in the 1991 book by Jan Bell Groh, "Evening the Score: Women in Music and the Legacy of Frédérique Petrides". The newsletter title "Women in Music" was coined in 1935 by Petrides's husband, journalist, Peter Petrides to encapsulate the gist of its contents.

neg: Annette Arkeketa Annette Arkeketa is an enrolled member of the Otoe-Missouria Tribe of Oklahoma. She is also Muscogee Creek. She conducts professional workshops in poetry, playwriting, the creative process, script consultant, and documentary film making. She is also director of Native American film studies at Comanche Nation College.

neg: Margaret Avery Margaret Avery (born January 20, 1944) is an American actress and singer. She began her career appearing on stage and later has had starring roles in films include "Cool Breeze" (1972), "Which Way Is Up?" (1977), "Scott Joplin" (1977), and "The Fish That Saved Pittsburgh" (1979).

neg: Always Trouble with the Teachers Always Trouble with the Teachers (German: Immer Ärger mit den Paukern) is a 1968 West German comedy film directed by Harold Vock and starring Roy Black, Uschi Glas and Peter Weck.

neg: Lykkens musikanter Lykkens musikanter is a 1962 Danish film directed by Peer Guldbrandsen and starring Ellen Gottschalch.

neg: Michael Marissen Michael Marissen (born July 31, 1960, Hamilton, Ontario) is professor of music at Swarthmore College, where he joined the faculty in 1989. Marissen studied music history at Calvin College and received his PhD from Brandeis University. He has guest taught on the graduate faculty at Princeton University and the University of Pennsylvania. In June 2014 Marissen announced that he had retired from active teaching at Swarthmore, although he remains a professor emeritus. He now works as a freelance writer, lecturer, and scholar.

neg: Michael Hoenig Michael Hoenig (born 4 January 1952) is a German composer who has composed music for several films and games, in addition to two solo albums, including the highly-acclaimed 1978 album "Departure from the Northern Wasteland". In 1997, he was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Main Title Theme Music for composing the theme to the science fiction series "Dark Skies".

neg: Michael Moon (professor) Michael Moon is an American literary academic. He received his Ph.D. in 1989 from Johns Hopkins University for the thesis "Whitman in revision: the politics of corporeality and textuality in the first four editions of Leaves of grass" He has been a professor in the English department at Johns Hopkins University, in Baltimore, United States. He currently works in Women's, Gender and Sexuality Studies at Emory University. He previously taught at Duke University. His primary research focuses on late-nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century American literature and culture, including film, especially in relation to the history and theory of sexuality and of mass culture. He regularly teaches across a broad historical and theoretical range; graduate seminars in recent years have included "Nature and its Others", "Serial Practices, Serial Forms", and "Contesting the Culture Concept: Pragmatism, Ethnography, Early Film."

neg: Maria Curcio Maria Curcio (27 August 1918 or 191930 March 2009) was an Italian classical pianist who became a sought-after teacher. Her students included Barry Douglas, Martha Argerich, Radu Lupu, Dame Mitsuko Uchida, Myung-Whun Chung, Leon Fleisher, Rafael Orozco, Christopher Elton and Geoffrey Tozer. She was the last student of Artur Schnabel and she passed on his teachings to her own students.

neg: The White Ribbon The White Ribbon is a 2009 black-and-white German-language drama film written and directed by Michael Haneke. Das weiße Band, Eine deutsche Kindergeschichte (literally, "The White Ribbon, a German Children's Story") darkly depicts society and family in a northern German village just before World War I and, according to Haneke, "is about the roots of evil. Whether it’s religious or political terrorism, it’s the same thing."

neg: Michael Armiger Michael William Armiger is a rock music guitarist and music teacher. He has been a member of various groups including Paul Kelly Band (1983–84), Paul Kelly and the Coloured Girls (1985–86), John Kennedy's Love Gone Wrong (1987–88), The Johnnys (1988–89, 1991), The Go-Betweens (1989), and Sean Kelly and the Iron Dukes (1990).

neg: Songcatcher Songcatcher is a 2000 drama film directed by Maggie Greenwald. It is about a musicologist researching and collecting Appalachian folk music in the mountains of western North Carolina. Although "Songcatcher" is a fictional film, it is loosely based on the work of Olive Dame Campbell, founder of the John C. Campbell Folk School in Brasstown, North Carolina, and that of the English folk song collector Cecil Sharp, portrayed at the end of the film as professor Cyrus Whittle.

neg: Moving the Mountain (1994 film) Moving the Mountain is a 1994 feature documentary directed by Michael Apted and produced by Trudie Styler, with cinematography by Maryse Alberti and music by Liu Sola.

neg: Men Shouldn't Sing Men Shouldn't Sing is a musical comedy New Zealand film written by Jeff Clark and composed by Michael Bell. It tells the story of a group of strangers, snatched from their homes, who wake to find that they spontaneously break into song and dance whenever they feel a heightened emotion. The group, trapped in a musical that is becoming more dangerous by the minute, must work together to find a way out.

neg: Janis (film) Janis is a 1974 Canadian documentary film about the rock singer Janis Joplin. The film was directed by Howard Alk with a lot of assistance from Albert Grossman, Joplin's manager. It was available on videocassette in the United States in the 1980s and 1990s, but DVD versions have been released only in France, Belgium and the Netherlands. In late 2011, it was added to Hulu's movie collection for online viewing. Part of the film soundtrack is included on the 1975 album "Janis".

neg: Musicians of the Sky Musicians of the Sky (French:Les Musiciens du ciel) is a 1940 French language motion picture drama directed by Georges Lacombe, based on novel "Musiciens Du Ceil" by René Lefèvre who co-wrote screenplay with Jean Ferry. The music score is by Arthur Honegger and Arthur Hoérée. The film stars Michèle Morgan, Michel Simon and René Lefèvre.


query: Do Joshua Dugdale and Carlos Saldanha both work with films?

pos: Joshua Dugdale Joshua Dugdale, FRSA (Birmingham 1974), is a British documentary film-maker. He studied economics at the University of Manchester.

pos: Carlos Saldanha Carlos Saldanha (] ; born January 24, 1965) is a Brazilian director, producer and animator of animated films who works with Blue Sky Studios. He was the director of "" (2006), "" (2009), "Rio" (2011), "Rio 2" (2014), and the co-director of "Ice Age" (2002) and "Robots" (2005). In 2003, Saldanha was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film for "Gone Nutty".

neg: Joshua Benoliel Joshua Benoliel (13 January 1873 - 3 February 1932) was a Portuguese photojournalist. He was the official photographer for King Carlos I of Portugal.

neg: Rachel Morrison Rachel Morrison (born April 27, 1978) is an American cinematographer. She is best known for the films "Cake", "Fruitvale Station", and "Sound of My Voice".

neg: Joshua Taylor Joshua Taylor is a film and television actor. He is also a film director and film producer.

neg: Dan Fallshaw Dan Fallshaw (born 7 March 1973, Sydney) is a filmmaker, producer, editor and cinematographer best known for the highly controversial documentary Stolen (2009), that uncovers slavery in the Sahrawi refugee camps in south-western Algeria and in Western Sahara.

neg: Big Daddy (1999 film) Big Daddy is a 1999 American comedy film directed by Dennis Dugan and starring Adam Sandler and the Sprouse twins. The film was produced by Robert Simonds and released on June 25, 1999, by Columbia Pictures, where it opened #1 at the box office with a $41,536,370 first weekend. It was Sandler's last film before starting his production company, Happy Madison Productions, his first film distributed by Columbia Pictures, and his highest-grossing film until "Hotel Transylvania 2" (2015).

neg: Joshua Fernandez Joshua Fernandez (born April 19, 1974), is a Malaysian film director who believes in creative collaboration. Quoted from an article in the News Stratis Times dated August 1998, he said ""Creativity is not the domain of one single person. Through free-association of thoughts and brainstorming, an accidental suggestion can be the best solution"". is a quotation that would best sum his creative method/approach.

neg: Joshua Garcia Joshua Espineli Garcia (October 7, 1997) is a young Filipino actor who has featured in the television afternoon series The Greatest Love and the 2016 Metro Manila Film Festival entry Vince and Kath and James His new and latest successful movie was Love You To The Stars And Back with his leading Lady, Julia Barretto. He is the second son of Geo Garcia and Marife Espineli. He has two siblings on the mother's side and another three on his father's side. He is the oldest offspring of either parent.

neg: Rania Attieh and Daniel Garcia Rania Attieh and Daniel Garcia are a filmmaking duo.

neg: We're Here to Help We're Here to Help is a 2007 Kafkaesque comedy film written and directed by Jonothan Cullinane and produced by South Pacific Pictures.

neg: Butter (2011 film) Butter is a 2011 comedy film directed by Jim Field Smith, from a screenplay by Jason Micallef, starring Yara Shahidi, Jennifer Garner, Ty Burrell, Olivia Wilde, Rob Corddry, Ashley Greene, Alicia Silverstone, and Hugh Jackman. It was released on October 5, 2012 in the United States and Canada by The Weinstein Company. The film is said to be a satire of the 2008 Democratic presidential primary. "Butter" received mixed reviews from critics who questioned Smith's direction of the film's script in terms of humor and satire and the performances from the ensemble cast.

neg: Corey Jantzen Corey Jantzen is an American film actor and writer. He is known for his work in the academy award nominated film "Foxcatcher", where he played a wrestler on Team Foxcatcher and helped choreograph the critically acclaimed wrestling sequences. Jantzen also landed roles in projects like "Dixieland", "The Normal Heart" and worked on the set of the academy award-winning film "American Hustle". Jantzen started his acting tenure with a conservatory at the Stella Adler Studio of Acting. During his time at Stella Alder he performed in the productions of "Den of Thieves" and "The History Boys". Theatre critic Bill Garry applauded his work as Sal [Den of Thieves], stating "Among the mob boys, Corey Michael Jantzen makes Sal, the trigger-happy ‘goomba’ come alive." Jantzen is a partner of the production company, TC Entertainment, along with his brother Jesse Jantzen.

neg: Yuvatha Yuvatha is a 2008 Telugu film directed by Parasuram starring Nikhil Siddharth and Aksha Pardasany in the lead roles. It was released on 7 November 2008 to Rave Reviews and was declared a Super Hit at the Box Office.

neg: Rock, Paper, Scissors (film) Rock, Paper, Scissors (Spanish: "Piedra, papel o tijera" ) is a 2012 Venezuelan drama film directed by Hernán Jabes. The film was selected as the Venezuelan entry for the Best Foreign Language Oscar at the 85th Academy Awards, but it did not make the final shortlist.

neg: Jamaica Motel Jamaica Motel is a short film produced in 2006 by Enlight Films. The film was written and directed by Aaron J. Salgado

neg: Rudo y Cursi Rudo y Cursi (Spanish, literally, "Rough and Corny") is a 2008 Mexican film starring Diego Luna, Gael García Bernal and Guillermo Francella. It is directed by Carlos Cuarón (Alfonso Cuarón's brother) and produced by Cha Cha Cha Films (production company created by Alfonso Cuarón, Guillermo del Toro and Alejandro González Iñárritu). It is Carlos Cuarón's first full-length movie.

neg: Valentine Stockdale Valentine Stockdale (born 15 December 1981) is an English film producer, screenwriter and executive producer.

neg: Ronald Víctor García Ronald Víctor García is an American cinematographer and film director. He is known for directing 1970s horror and exploitation films, such as "The Toy Box" and "Inside Amy", as well as his later work on television series, including directing "Silk Stalkings", and working as the director of photography on series such as "Hawaii Five-0", "Numb3rs", "Gilmore Girls", and the pilot of "Twin Peaks". In 1991, García received the CableACE Award for Direction of Photography for a Dramatic or Theatrical Special/Movie or Miniseries for his work on the film "El Diablo". In addition, he received 2 Primetime Emmy Award nominations for other projects and was honored with a lifetime achievement award from the American Society of Cinematographers.

neg: Jada (film) Jada is a dramatic film released in 2008. It was directed by Clifton Powell. The film was written by Daniel Chavez.

neg: Joshua Davis (writer) Joshua Davis is an American writer, film producer and co-founder of "Epic Magazine". Davis is best known for writing a number of non-fiction pieces that have been optioned for film and television.

neg: Joshua Michael Stern Joshua Michael Stern is an American film director and screenwriter. He has directed three feature films: "Neverwas" (2005), "Swing Vote" (2008) and the 2013 biographical film "Jobs", based on the life of Steve Jobs.


query: What state is the high school featured in "High School Confidential" in?

pos: High School Confidential (TV series) High School Confidential is an eight-part documentary television series created by Sharon Liese, following twelve high school teenagers from Blue Valley Northwest High. The series airs on (WE TV). The original run began on March 10, 2008, and concluded on April 28, 2008.

pos: Blue Valley Northwest High School Blue Valley Northwest High School (BVNW) is a high school in Overland Park, Kansas, United States. It is part of the Blue Valley Unified School District. Blue Valley Northwest is one of several schools located within the city limits of Overland Park. In the 2009 Newsweek ranking of the top 1,500 high schools in the United States, Blue Valley Northwest was ranked #364, the highest in the district and the state. The school has been ranked in the top 700 since 2005. In 2014, Blue Valley Northwest was selected as one of the six finalists for the first annual Race to the Top High School Commencement Challenge, sponsored by the Department of Education under the Obama administration.

neg: La Grande High School La Grande High School is a public high school in the western United States, located in La Grande, Oregon.

neg: Fair Lawn High School Fair Lawn High School is a four-year comprehensive public high school serving students in ninth through twelfth grades, located in Fair Lawn, Bergen County, New Jersey, United States, operating as the lone secondary school of the Fair Lawn Public Schools.

neg: Escambia High School Escambia High School is a high school located in Escambia County, Florida.

neg: Leonia High School Leonia High School is a four-year comprehensive public high school serving students in ninth through twelfth grade from the Borough of Leonia in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States, operating as part of the Leonia Public Schools. Students from Edgewater attend the school as part of a sending/receiving relationship with the Edgewater Public Schools.

neg: Hillsborough High School (New Jersey) Hillsborough High School is a four-year comprehensive public high school that serves students in ninth through twelfth grades from Hillsborough Township in Somerset County, New Jersey, United States, operating as the lone secondary school of the Hillsborough Township School District. Students from Millstone also attend the school, after Millstone was integrated into the Hillsborough district, prior to which they had attended as part of a sending/receiving relationship.

neg: Livonia High School (New York) Livonia High School is a public high school located in Livonia, Livingston County, New York, U.S.A., and is the only high school operated by the Livonia Central School District.

neg: Mayfield High School (Kentucky) Mayfield High School is a public secondary school in Mayfield, Kentucky, and is the only high school of the Mayfield Independent School District.

neg: Estacada High School Estacada High School is a public high school in Estacada, Oregon, United States.

neg: Millville Senior High School Millville Senior High School is a comprehensive community public high school located in Millville, in Cumberland County, New Jersey, United States, serving students in eleventh grade and twelfth grade as part of the Millville Public Schools. The school has been accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Secondary Schools since 1943.

neg: Valley City High School Valley City High School is a public high school located in Valley City, North Dakota. It is a part of the Valley City Public School District system. The school athletic teams are known as the Hi-Liners.

neg: Hamden High School Hamden High School is a four year high school for grades 9 through 12. It is located at 2040 Dixwell Avenue in Hamden, Connecticut. It is part of the Hamden Public School System and is the only public high school within the town of Hamden.

neg: South High School (Denver) South High School is a high school in the Washington Park neighborhood on the south side of Denver, Colorado, United States. It is part of Denver Public Schools.

neg: Lynnfield High School Lynnfield High School is a four-year, coeducational public high school for students in grade nine through twelve residing in the town of Lynnfield, Massachusetts.

neg: Morristown High School Morristown High School (or MHS) is a four-year public high school serving students in ninth through twelfth grades from three communities in Morris County, New Jersey, United States, operating as part of the Morris School District. The school serves students from Morristown and Morris Township, along with students from Morris Plains, who attend the district's high school as part of a sending/receiving relationship with the Morris Plains Schools. The school has been accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Secondary Schools since 1952.

neg: State College Area High School State College Area High School, often referred to locally as "State High", is a public high school in State College, Pennsylvania, United States. It is the only public high school in the State College Area School District and is within walking distance of Penn State University. Many graduates from State High go on to Penn State.

neg: Zachary High School Zachary High School is a public high school located in Zachary, Louisiana, United States.

neg: Massena Central High School Massena Central High School is a four-year public high school located in Massena, New York for students in grades 9 through 12. It is one of five schools, and the only high school, in the Massena Central School District.

neg: Plattsmouth High School Plattsmouth High School is a public high school located in Plattsmouth, Nebraska, United States. It enrolls over 550 students.

neg: Darien High School Darien High School is the single public high school serving the town of Darien, Connecticut, in the United States.

neg: Granville Junior/Senior High School Granville Junior/Senior High School, colloquially referred to as Granville High School, is a public secondary school located in the village of Granville, New York. Situated in Washington County and to the northeast of New York State's Capital District, it is part of the Granville Central School District. The school serves the district's 7th through 12th grade student population. About 10% of the building's students are drawn from neighboring communities in the state of Vermont.


query: Jon Garth Murray was the half-brother of a reverend from what faith?

pos: Jon Garth Murray Jon Garth Murray (November 16, 1954 – September 29, 1995) was the second son of late controversial activist Madalyn Murray O'Hair, the first president and founder of American Atheists, Inc., in 1963. He was also the half-brother of the reverend William "Bill" Murray.

pos: William J. Murray William J. "Bill" Murray III (born May 25, 1946) is an American author, Baptist minister, and social conservative lobbyist who currently serves as the chairman of the Religious Freedom Coalition, a non-profit organization in Washington, D.C., active on issues related to aiding Christians in Islamic and Communist countries. The son of the late atheist Madalyn Murray O'Hair, Murray played a significant part alongside his mother in the ending of mandatory prayer in public schools in 1963.

neg: Gospel blues Gospel blues or holy blues is a form of blues-based gospel music that has been around since the inception of blues music, a combination of blues guitar and evangelistic lyrics. Notable gospel blues performers include Blind Willie Johnson, Sister Rosetta Tharpe, Reverend Gary Davis and Washington Phillips. Blues musicians such as Boyd Rivers, Blind Lemon Jefferson, Charley Patton, Sam Collins, Josh White, Blind Boy Fuller, Blind Willie Mctell, Bukka White, Sleepy John Estes and Skip James have recorded a fair number of Gospel and religious songs, these were often commercially released under a pseudonym.

neg: Half-Way Covenant The Half-Way Covenant is a form of partial church membership created within the Congregational churches of colonial New England in 1662. It was promoted in particular by the Reverend Solomon Stoddard, who felt that the people of the English colonies were drifting away from their original religious purpose. First-generation settlers were beginning to die out, while their children and grandchildren often expressed less religious , and more desire for material things.

neg: J. Alan Groves James Alan Groves (December 17, 1952 – February 5, 2007) was a Hebrew Bible scholar, theologian, educator, and church elder. Born in Springfield, Missouri, he earned a Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Engineering from Dartmouth College in 1975, a Master of Arts in Religion and Master of Theology from Westminster Theological Seminary.

neg: Enmegahbowh Enmegahbowh (c. 1820 – June 12, 1902; from Enami'egaabaw, meaning "He that prays [for his people while] standing"; also known as John Johnson) was the first Native American to be ordained a priest in the Episcopal Church in the United States of America.

neg: Ron Sider Ronald James Sider (born 17 September 1939) is a Canadian-born American theologian and social activist. He is often identified by others with the Christian left even if he personally disclaims any political inclination. He is the founder of Evangelicals for Social Action, a think-tank which seeks to develop biblical solutions to social and economic problems. He is a founding board member of the National Religious Partnership for the Environment. He is also the Distinguished Professor of Theology, Holistic Ministry and Public Policy at Palmer Theological Seminary in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

neg: Samuel F. Upham The Reverend Samuel Foster Upham, (19 May 1834, Duxbury, Massachusetts -5 October 1904) A.B., A.M., D.D., LL.D., was professor and Chair of Practical Theology at Drew Theological Seminary, now Drew University in Madison, New Jersey from 1881 until his death in 1904. Besides his academic training, he arrived with 25 years of experience preaching in New England and New York. He was known as a skilled orator and a person of great humor.

neg: Ásatrú Alliance The Asatru Alliance (AA) is an American Ásatrú group, succeeding Stephen McNallen's "Asatru Free Assembly" (The old AFA) in 1987, founded by Michael J. Murray (a.k.a. Valgard Murray) of Arizona, who is a former vice-president of Else Christensen's Odinist Fellowship. The AFA seceded into two groups, the other one being The Troth. The Ásatrú Alliance was for the most part a reconstituted AFA, dominated by prior AFA members, and acting as a distributor of, previously, AFA publications.

neg: Kevin Murray (American football) Kevin Murray (born June 18, 1964) in Dallas, Texas. Murray was a quarterback at Texas A&M University and is currently a high school football coach. Murray's younger brother is former Major League Baseball outfielder Calvin Murray.

neg: Mark Driscoll Mark A. Driscoll (born October 11, 1970) is an American evangelical Christian pastor, author, and the former pastor of Mars Hill Church, a megachurch in Seattle, Washington. He resigned on October 14, 2014. In 1996, Driscoll co-founded Mars Hill Church, which as of March 2014 had grown to 14,000 members in five states and fifteen locations. He also founded The Resurgence, a theological cooperative, and co-founded several other parachurch organizations: Churches Helping Churches, a church planting network called "Acts 29" and The Gospel Coalition. He has written for the "Faith and Values" section of the "Seattle Times", "OnFaith", and the Fox News website. Driscoll has also authored a number of popular Christian books. Described as "an evangelical bad boy, a gifted orator and charismatic leader" and "hip yet hard-line", he is known for promoting "culturally relevant" yet theologically conservative Christianity. He favors "vintage" aesthetics and a "down to earth", yet at times "aggressive", preaching style.

neg: Jesse Lee (Methodist) Jesse Lee (March 12, 1758 – September 12, 1816) was an American Methodist Episcopal clergyman and pioneer, born in Prince George's County, Virginia. A preacher after 1783, in 1789 he visited New England and established Methodism from the Connecticut River to the farthest settlement in Maine. He formed the first Methodist class in New England, at Stratford, Connecticut, September 26, 1787. He preached his first sermon (outdoors) on June 7 or 17, 1789 in Norwalk, Connecticut. He held the first Methodist class in Boston, Massachusetts on July 13, 1792. For his pioneer work in New England he was often called the Apostle of Methodism. He was a friend of Francis Asbury, and served as his assistant from 1797 to 1800. He lacked only one vote of being elected Bishop by the General Conference of 1800, but was appointed to be a presiding elder of the south district of Virginia in 1801. He wrote "A Short Account of the Life and Death of the Rev. John Lee" (1805) and a "History of Methodism in America" (1807), which has value for the early period. On May 22, 1809 Lee was appointed Chaplain of the United States House of Representatives He was reappointed on November 2, 1812 and served for two sessions. Upon leaving the chaplaincy of the House he was appointed Chaplain of the United States Senate on September 27, 1814 where he served until December 1815.

neg: Hamilton Moore Hamilton Moore is a Baptist theologian and lecturer.

neg: Gilbert W. Stafford Gilbert "Gil" W. Stafford (December 30, 1938 – March 30, 2008) was an American scholarly and pastoral leader in the Church of God Movement(Anderson, Indiana). He was well known inside and outside his church group for his enthusiastic teaching and preaching. Stafford taught systematic theology for many years in the Anderson School of Theology and worked as the speaker for the formerly Christian Brotherhood Hour (CBH), later changed to Christians Broadcasting Hope. Additionally, he contributed in the field of Christian scholarship offering many books and articles from a Wesleyan-holiness perspective. His most substantial work was "Theology For Disciples", published in 1996.

neg: L. Lionel Kendrick Larry Lionel Kendrick (born September 19, 1931) has been a general authority of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) since 1988. Since 2001, he has been an emeritus general authority.

neg: Faith Comes By Hearing Faith Comes By Hearing is an international audio Bible recording company. It is run by a not-for-profit organization and has audio Bibles available in over 920 languages, mostly the New Testament. The organization has a four star Charity Navigator Rating and is a member of the Forum of Bible Agencies International. The Chairman of the Board for the organization is Murray J. Crawford, and its president is founder Gerald (Jerry) Jackson.

neg: Charles Farah Charles Farah, Jr. (July 21, 1926 – October 9, 2001) was a Professor of Theology and Historical Studies at Oral Roberts University. He taught in the school of theology at Oral Roberts University from 1967 to 1991 and from 1994 to 1995. He is known for his book, From the Pinnacle of the Temple, which suggested balancing biblical truths during the height of the Word of Faith movement. In the 1970s some proponents of this movement suggested that if one was not healed supernaturally by God that one did not have 'enough faith' or was 'in sin'. He complemented this perspective and refreshed the charismatic movement by pointing back to the doctrine of the sovereignty of God. Dr. Charles Farah, Jr. is best known for discipling world-wide leaders, such as Billy Joe Daugherty (Victory Christian Center), Jamie Buckingham (charismatic preacher and author), Terry Law (World Compassion founder), Larry Stockstill (Bethany World Prayer Center in Louisiana), and Keith Green (singer and songwriter). Farah received his M.A. from Wheaton College, B.D. from Fuller Seminary, and his doctorate from the University of Edinburgh.

neg: Leslie Weatherhead Leslie Dixon Weatherhead (14 October 1893 – 5 January 1976) was an English Christian theologian in the liberal Protestant tradition. Weatherhead was noted for his preaching ministry at City Temple in London and for his books, including "The Will of God", "The Christian Agnostic", and "Psychology, Religion, and Healing".

neg: Edward L.R. Elson The Reverend Edward Lee Roy Elson (December 23, 1906 -

neg: Parson-naturalist A parson-naturalist was a cleric (a "parson", strictly defined as a country priest who held the living of a parish, but the term is generally extended to other clergy), who often saw the study of natural science as an extension of his religious work. The philosophy entailed the belief that God, as the creator of all things, wanted man to understand his creations and thus to study them by collecting and classifying organisms and other natural phenomena.

neg: George Herbert Kinsolving The Right Reverend George Herbert Kinsolving (April 28, 1849 – October 23, 1928) was the second bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Texas, serving from 1893 to 1928. He was succeeded by the Right Reverend Clinton Simon Quin.

neg: James Albert Murray James Albert Murray (born July 5, 1932) is an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Bishop of Kalamazoo from 1998 to 2009.


query: What plant do flowers  used primarily as a flavoring and stability agent in beer that are grown on  long distance path of 108 mi in southeast England, from Haslemere in Surrey to Hamstreet in Kent?

pos: Greensand Way The Greensand Way is a long distance path of 108 mi in southeast England, from Haslemere in Surrey to Hamstreet in Kent. It follows the Greensand Ridge along the Surrey Hills and Chart Hills. The route is mostly rural, passing through woods, and alongside fruit orchards and hop farms in Kent and links with the Stour Valley Walk near Pluckley in Kent. The trail was opened on 15 June 1980 and is jointly managed by Surrey and Kent Councils who fully updated it in 2012 (route, waymarking, online guide).

pos: Hops Hops are the flowers (also called seed cones or strobiles) of the hop plant "Humulus lupulus." They are used primarily as a flavoring and stability agent in beer, to which they impart bitter, zesty, or citric flavours; though they are also used for various purposes in other beverages and herbal medicine. The hop plant is a vigorous, climbing, herbaceous perennial, usually trained to grow up strings in a field called a hopfield, hop garden (nomenclature in the South of England), or hop yard (in the West Country and U.S.) when grown commercially. Many different varieties of hops are grown by farmers around the world, with different types being used for particular styles of beer.

neg: Rosa hemisphaerica Rosa hemisphaerica, also known as the sulphur rose, is a rose species with pale yellow flowers native to western Asia. The wild form, known as "Rosa raphinii", has single flowers with five petals. A double-flowered form was one of the first yellow roses introduced to European gardens; John Bellenden Ker Gawler stated in 1815 that the species had been cultivated in England for nearly 200 years. The scent of the flowers has been described as unpleasant.

neg: Hyacinthus orientalis Hyacinthus orientalis (common hyacinth, garden hyacinth or Dutch hyacinth), is a herbaceous perennial flowering plant, native to southwestern Asia, southern and central Turkey, northwestern Syria, Lebanon and northern Israel. It was introduced to Europe in the 16th century. It is widely cultivated everywhere in the temperate world for its strongly fragrant flowers which appear exceptionally early in the season, and frequently forced to flower at Christmas time.

neg: Ferula cypria Ferula cypria, "Cyprus fennel" is an erect perennial herb up to 1 m high with sulcate stems. The compound alternate leaves are hairless and 4-pinnate, 25-45 x 20–30 cm, final segments are very small, linear and acute. The inconspicuous yellowish flowers are repeatedly branched in pyramidal inflorescences. Flowers from May to June. The fruit is a dry hairless schizocarp.

neg: Lonicera periclymenum Lonicera periclymenum, common names honeysuckle, common honeysuckle, European honeysuckle or woodbine, is a species of flowering plant in the family Caprifoliaceae native to much of Europe. Growing to 7 m or more in height, it is a vigorous evergreen twining climber. It is found as far north as southern Norway and Sweden. In the UK it is one of two native honeysuckles, the other being "Lonicera xylosteum". It is often found in woodland or in hedgerows or scrubland. The tubular, two-lipped flowers are creamy white or yellowish and very sweet smelling (especially during the night). The plant is usually pollinated by moths or long-tongued bees and develops bright red berries.

neg: Sium sisarum Sium sisarum, commonly known as skirret, is a perennial plant of the family Apiaceae sometimes grown as a root vegetable. The English name skirret is derived from the Middle English 'skirwhit' or 'skirwort', meaning 'white root'. In Scotland it is known as "crummock". Its Danish name "sukkerrod", Dutch name "suikerwortel" and German name "Zuckerwurzel" translate as 'sugar root'.

neg: Hyacinthoides non-scripta Hyacinthoides non-scripta (formerly "Endymion non-scriptus" or "Scilla non-scripta") is a bulbous perennial plant, found in Atlantic areas from north-western Spain to the British Isles, and also frequently used as a garden plant. It is known in English as the common bluebell or simply bluebell, a name which is used in Scotland to refer to the harebell, "Campanula rotundifolia". In spring, "H. non-scripta" produces a nodding, one-sided inflorescence of 5–12 tubular, sweet-scented violet–blue flowers, with strongly recurved tepals, and 3–6 long, linear, basal leaves.

neg: Prunus tenella Prunus tenella Batsch, dwarf Russian almond, is a species of deciduous shrubs in the genus "Prunus", native to steppes of Eastern Europe and Western Siberia, as well as dry open sites of Caucasus, Western and Central Asia. In the wild, it tends to grow in clusters of one to three. "P. tenella" yields small almond-like hairy fruits with characteristic flavor. It grows to 1.5 m (5 ft) and is a popular ornamental plant in cold temperate regions, valued for its profuse spring blossom and exceptional winter hardiness. 'Fire Hill' is a popular cultivar with red flowers.

neg: Peganum harmala Peganum harmala, commonly called esfand, wild rue, Syrian rue, African rue, harmel, or aspand (among other similar pronunciations and spellings), is a plant of the family Nitrariaceae. Its common English-language name came about because of a resemblance to rue (which is not related). The plant's seeds are especially noteworthy because they have seen continual use for thousands of years in the rites of many cultures. The plant has remained a popular tool in both folk medicine and spiritual practices for so long that some historians believe the plant may be the ancient "soma" (a medicinal aid that is mentioned in a variety of ancient Indo Iranian texts but whose exact identity has been lost to history).

neg: Iberis sempervirens Iberis sempervirens, the evergreen candytuft or perennial candytuft, is a species of flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae, native to southern Europe. It is a spreading subshrub growing to 30 cm high by 40 cm broad. As an ornamental plant it is a spring-blooming favourite, often seen cascading over rocks and walls, or used as groundcover. The glossy, evergreen foliage forms a billowing mound, with many fragrant, pure white flowers for several weeks during spring and early summer. When grown in a garden it may require light pruning right after blooming, but otherwise plants can be left alone in fall and early spring. It is drought-tolerant once established. It prefers a well-drained site, so heavy clay soils that stay wet in winter should be avoided. It is not easily divided. "Iberis sempervirens" survives in USDA hardiness zones 3-9. Vernalization is required for flower initiation. At least 8-10 weeks are needed at an average temperature of 5° C (41° F).

neg: Begonia grandis Begonia grandis, the hardy begonia, is a plant in the begonia family, Begoniaceae. It is a herbaceous plant with alternate, simple leaves, on arching stems. The flowers are pink or white, borne in dichotomous cymes from late summer through fall in USDA U.S. Hardiness Zone 7. As the common name "hardy begonia" implies, it is winter hardy in some temperate regions.

neg: Lysimachia thyrsiflora Lysimachia thyrsiflora, commonly known as tufted loosestrife, is a plant in the genus "Lysimachia". It is native to large sections of the northern Northern Hemisphere, including Eurasia and North America. It often grows in marshes, shorelines of lakes and ponds and occasionally along streams. It is an erect perennial herb growing up to 80 centimeters tall and bearing yellow flowers, sometimes dotted with purple. It may be confused with purple loosestrife when not blooming but can be easily distinguished because purple loosestrife has a square stem. Tufted loosestrife has been used medicinally in Asia to combat high blood pressure.

neg: Myoga Myoga, myoga ginger or Japanese ginger (myōga (茗荷 ) ) is the species Zingiber mioga in the Zingiberaceae family. It is a deciduous herbaceous perennial native to Japan, China, and the southern part of Korea. Only its edible flower buds and flavorful shoots are used in cooking. The flower buds are finely shredded and used in Japanese cuisine as a garnish for "miso" soup, "sunomono", and dishes such as roasted eggplant. In Korean cuisine, the flower buds are skewered alternately with pieces of meat and then are pan-fried.

neg: Chaenomeles japonica Chaenomeles japonica, known as Maule's quince, is a species of flowering quince. It is a thorny deciduous shrub that is commonly cultivated. It is shorter than another commonly cultivated species "C. speciosa", growing to only about 1 m in height. The fruit is called Kusa-boke (草木瓜 , Kusa-boke ) in Japanese. It is best known for its colorful spring flowers of red, white, pink or multi. It produces apple-shaped fruit that are a golden-yellow color containing red-brown seeds. The fruit is edible, but hard and astringent-tasting, unless bletted. The fruit is occasionally used in jam, jelly and pie making as a substitute for its cousin, the true quince, "Cydonia oblonga". "C. japonica" is also popularly grown in bonsai.

neg: Gardenia jasminoides Gardenia jasminoides, (gardenia, cape jasmine, cape jessamine, danh-danh, or jasmin) is an evergreen flowering plant of the family Rubiaceae. It originated in Asia and is most commonly found growing wild in Vietnam, Southern China, Korea, Taiwan, Japan, Myanmar, and India. With its shiny green leaves and heavily fragrant white summer flowers, it is widely used in gardens in warm temperate and subtropical climates, and as a houseplant in temperate regions. It has been in cultivation in China for at least a thousand years, and was introduced to English gardens in the mid 18th century. Many varieties have been bred for horticulture, with low growing, and large-and long-flowering forms.

neg: Mimulus alatus The sharpwing monkeyflower, Mimulus alatus, is an herbaceous eudicot perennial that has no floral scent. It is native to North America and its blooming season is from June to September. The flowering plant has green foliage and blue to violet flowers. It has a short life span compared to most other plants and a rapid growth rate. Like other monkey-flowers of the "Mimulus" genus, "M. alatus" grows best in wet to moist conditions and has a bilabiate corolla, meaning it is two-lipped. The arrangement of the upper and lower lip petals suggests a monkey’s face. The winged stems together with the monkey face give the plant its common name.

neg: Veronicastrum virginicum Veronicastrum virginicum (Culver's root, Culver's-root, Culverphysic, Culver's physic, Bowman's root, black root; syn. "Leptandra virginica" (L.) Nutt., "Veronica virginica" L.) is a wildflower native to the United States from southern Maine to northwest Florida to northern Louisiana up through Minnesota and a bit north of the Canada–US border; good for USDA zones of 3 to 8.

neg: Callicarpa longifolia Callicarpa longifolia is a species of beautyberry. It ranges from the Himalayas, east to Japan and south to Queensland. It is grown in yards and gardens as an ornamental plant. The roots are used as an herbal medicine to treat diarrheas.

neg: Ornithogalum nutans Ornithogalum nutans, known as drooping star-of-Bethlehem, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asparagaceae, native to Europe and South West Asia. It is a bulbous perennial growing to 20 - tall by 5 cm wide, with strap-shaped leaves and green striped, pendent grey-white flowers in spring. It is cultivated, and has naturalized, outside its native range, for example in North America. It has become extremely invasive along the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal in Maryland. At least in North America, it is not as common as "Ornithogalum umbellatum".

neg: Impatiens noli-tangere Impatiens noli-tangere (touch-me-not balsam; Latin "impatiēns" "impatient" or "not allowing", and "nōlī tangere" "do not touch": literally "be unwilling to touch") is an annual herbaceous plant in the family Balsaminaceae found in damp places in Europe, Asia and North America. The yellow flowers are followed by pods which forcefully explode when ripe, ejecting the seeds for some distance.

neg: Commelina communis Commelina communis, commonly known as the Asiatic dayflower, is an herbaceous annual plant in the dayflower family. It gets its name because the blooms last for only one day. It is native throughout much of East Asia and northern parts of Southeast Asia. In China, the plant is k nown as yazhicao (), roughly translating to "duckfoot herb", while in Japan it is known as tsuyukusa (露草 , tsuyukusa ) , meaning "dew herb". It has also been introduced to parts of central and southeastern Europe and much of eastern North America, where it has spread to become a noxious weed. It is common in disturbed sites and in moist soil. The flowers emerge from summer through fall and are distinctive with two relatively large blue petals and one very reduced white petal.


query: who directed the  Danish film was featured as  unsimulated sex in "Romance"

pos: Romance (1999 film) Romance (Romance X) is a 1999 French art house film written and directed by Catherine Breillat. It stars Caroline Ducey, pornographic actor Rocco Siffredi, Sagamore Stévenin and François Berléand. The film features explicit copulation scenes, especially one showing Caroline Ducey's coitus with Rocco Siffredi. "Romance" is one of several arthouse films featuring explicit, unsimulated sex, such as "The Brown Bunny" (2003), "9 Songs" (2004), "All About Anna" (2005), and "Shortbus" (2006).

pos: All About Anna All About Anna is a Danish film released in 2005, directed by Jessica Nilsson and starring Gry Bay and Mark Stevens. The film is explicit in its exploration of sexual relationships.

neg: Sista dansen Sista dansen (en. "The Last Dance") is a Danish-Norwegian-Swedish 1993 film directed by Colin Nutley. The film was selected as the Swedish entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 67th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.

neg: Key House Mirror Key House Mirror (Danish: "Nøgle hus spejl" ) is a 2015 Danish drama film directed by Michael Noer.

neg: Four Times Love Four Times Love (Swedish: "Kvinnan bakom allt" [in Sweden]; Swedish: "Fyra gånger kärlek" [in Finland]; Finnish: "Neljä rakkautta" ; Danish: "Alt dette og Island med" ; Norwegian: "Alt dette – og Island også" ) is a 1951 co-Nordic (Swedish-Finnish-Danish-Norwegian) film directed by Hampe Faustman and Johan Jacobsen and starring Sonja Wigert.

neg: A Rare Lover A Rare Lover or Pikanterie (German: Eine seltene Geliebte) is a 1950 West German romance film directed by  Alfred Braun and starring  Susanne von Almassy, Irene von Meyendorff and Curd Jürgens .

neg: Irvine Welsh's Ecstasy Irvine Welsh's Ecstasy is a 2011 Canadian dark romantic comedy film adaptation of the short story "" from the best-selling book "" by Irvine Welsh. Directed by Rob Heydon, the film stars Adam Sinclair as Lloyd Buist, a drug user who smuggles ecstasy from Amsterdam. Kristin Kreuk plays the love interest Heather Thompson.

neg: Just Another Love Story Just Another Love Story (Danish: "Kærlighed på film" ) is a 2007 Danish drama film directed by Ole Bornedal.

neg: Dog Days (2001 film) Dog Days (German: Hundstage ) is a 2001 Austrian feature film directed by Ulrich Seidl. It is characterized by a disturbing naturalistic style which is a trademark of Seidl's directing. The film stars a mix of professional and amateur actors and it became mildly controversial for its depiction of unsimulated sex.

neg: Sex and Lucia Sex and Lucia (Spanish: Lucía y el sexo ) is a 2001 Spanish drama film written and directed by Julio Medem, and starring Paz Vega and Tristán Ulloa. The film was shot on two separate locations along the Mediterranean coast in Spain and France.

neg: Murk (film) Murk is a 2005 Danish horror and psychological thriller film. The film was directed by Jannik Johansen, who wrote the screenplay along with Anders Thomas Jensen. The film stars Nikolaj Lie Kaas and Nicolas Bro.

neg: Honeymoon (1972 film) Honeymoon (Swedish: "Smekmånad" ) is a 1972 Swedish drama film directed by Claes Lundberg. It was entered into the 22nd Berlin International Film Festival.

neg: Bedside-films The "Bedside"-films is a series of eight feature films directed by John Hilbard in 1970–76, and form part of the wave of erotic films from Denmark.

neg: Færgekroen Færgekroen is a 1956 Danish film directed by Poul Bang and starring Dirch Passer.

neg: After Sex (2007 film) After Sex is an American 2007 comedy-drama film about several couples having conversations after sex. It looks at the complexity of modern-day relationships told through eight separate couples. Through dialogue and compromising situations, the film goes from the beginning of a relationship to the aftermath of one, and examines every stage in between.

neg: Halal Love Love Halal, also called (Halal Love (and Sex)), is an international film from 2015, written and directed by Assad Fouladkar. The film premiered on December 13, 2015, at the Dubai International Film Festival and had its international premiere at the Sundance Film Festival in 2016 in the World Cinema Dramatic Competition.

neg: Temptation of Wolves Temptation of Wolves (; also known as Romance of Their Own or True Romance) is a 2004 South Korean film directed by Kim Tae-kyun, and based on a novel of the same name by Internet author Guiyeoni. Starring Jo Han-sun, Kang Dong-won and Lee Chung-ah, the film is about an average high school girl who moves from the countryside to Seoul after her father's death only to become involved in a love triangle with the two most handsome and popular guys in town.

neg: Rebounce Rebounce (Danish: "Frit fald" ) is a 2011 Danish drama film written and directed by Heidi Maria Faisst. The film won a Robert Award for Best Children's Film at the 2012 Robert Awards.

neg: Amour (1970 film) Amour (also known as Ways of Women) is a 1970 Danish drama film directed by Gabriel Axel.

neg: Conviene far bene l'amore Conviene far bene l'amore (internationally released as The Sex Machine and "Love and Energy") is a 1975 sci-fi - sexy comedy film directed by Pasquale Festa Campanile. The film is based on a novel with the same name written by the same Campanile.

neg: Love Wrecked Love Wrecked (also known as Temptation Island internationally) is a 2005 American adventure romantic comedy film directed by Randal Kleiser. Starring Amanda Bynes, it is a romantic comedy about a girl getting stranded with a rock star on a beach in the Caribbean.

neg: Be Dear to Me Be Dear to Me (Danish: "Ingen tid til kærtegn" ) is a 1957 Danish film directed by Annelise Hovmand.


query: Are both Chisholm v. Georgia and Boumediene v. Bush heard by the United States Supreme Court?

pos: Chisholm v. Georgia Chisholm v. Georgia, 2 U.S. 419 (1793) , is considered the first United States Supreme Court case of significance and impact. Given its date, there was little available legal precedent (particularly in American law). It was superseded in 1795 by the Eleventh Amendment.

pos: Boumediene v. Bush Boumediene v. Bush, 553 U.S. 723 (2008) , was a writ of habeas corpus submission made in a civilian court of the United States on behalf of Lakhdar Boumediene, a naturalized citizen of Bosnia and Herzegovina, held in military detention by the United States at the Guantanamo Bay detention camps in Cuba. Guantanamo Bay is not formally part of the United States, and under the terms of the 1903 lease between the United States and Cuba, Cuba retained ultimate sovereignty over the territory, while the United States exercises complete jurisdiction and control. The case was consolidated with habeas petition "Al Odah v. United States". It challenged the legality of Boumediene's detention at the United States Naval Station military base in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba as well as the constitutionality of the Military Commissions Act of 2006. Oral arguments on the combined cases were heard by the Supreme Court on December 5, 2007.

neg: Cherokee Nation v. Georgia Cherokee Nation v. Georgia, 30 U.S. (5 Peters) 1 (1831) , was a United States Supreme Court case. The Cherokee Nation sought a federal injunction against laws passed by the U.S. state of Georgia depriving them of rights within its boundaries, but the Supreme Court did not hear the case on its merits. It ruled that it had no original jurisdiction in the matter, as the Cherokees were a dependent nation, with a relationship to the United States like that of a "ward to its guardian," as said by Justice Marshall.

neg: Downes v. Bidwell Downes v. Bidwell, 182 U.S. 244 (1901) , was a case in which the US Supreme Court decided whether US territories were subject to the provisions and protections of the US Constitution. This issue is sometimes stated as whether the Constitution follows the flag. The resulting decision narrowly held that the Constitution did not necessarily apply to territories. Instead, the US Congress had jurisdiction to create law within territories in certain circumstances, particularly in those dealing with revenue, which would not be allowed by the Constitution for proper states within the Union. It has become known as one of the "Insular Cases".

neg: Stanley v. Georgia Stanley v. Georgia, 394 U.S. 557 (1969) , was a United States Supreme Court decision that helped to establish an implied "right to privacy" in U.S. law, in the form of mere possession of obscene materials.

neg: Louisiana v. United States (1965) Louisiana v. United States, 380 U.S. 145 (1965) , was a case decided by the Supreme Court of the United States that dealt with an "interpretation test" permitted by the Louisiana Constitution of 1921 alleged to deprive Louisiana Negroes of voting rights in violation of 42 U.S.C. Section 1971(a) and the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments.

neg: Brenner v. Scott In Brenner v. Scott and its companion case, Grimsley v. Scott, a U.S. district court found Florida's constitutional and statutory same-sex marriage bans unconstitutional. On August 21, 2014, the court issued a preliminary injunction that prevents that state from enforcing its bans and then stayed its injunction until stays are lifted in the three same-sex marriage cases then petitioning for a writ of certiorari in the U.S. Supreme Court–"Bostic", "Bishop", and "Kitchen"–and for 91 days thereafter. When the district court's preliminary injunction took effect on January 6, 2015, enforcement of Florida's bans on same-sex marriage ended.

neg: Horace Elmo Nichols Horace Elmo Nichols (July 16, 1912 – June 8, 2000), also known as H. E. "Nick" Nichols, was an American jurist in Georgia who served as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Georgia from 1975 to 1980.

neg: United States v. Mendenhall United States v. Mendenhall, 446 U.S. 544 (1980) , was a United States Supreme Court case.

neg: Georgia v. McCollum Georgia v. McCollum, 505 U.S. 42 (1992) was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that a criminal "defendant" cannot make peremptory challenges based solely on race. The court had previously held in "Batson v. Kentucky" (1986) that prosecutors cannot make peremptory challenges based on race, but didn't address whether defendants could use them. The court had already ruled in "Edmonson v. Leesville Concrete Company" (1991) that the "Batson" prohibition also applies to civil litigants because they are state actors during the jury selection process.

neg: Diamond v. Charles Diamond v. Charles, 476 U.S. 54 (1986) , was a United States Supreme Court case that determined that citizens do not have Article III standing to challenge the constitutionality of a state statute in federal court unless they possess a "direct stake" in the outcome.

neg: Spaziano v. Florida Spaziano v. Florida, was two United States Supreme Court cases dealing with the imposition of the death penalty. In the first case, 454 U.S. 1037 (1981), the Supreme Court, with two dissents, refused Spaziano's petition for certiorari. However, the Florida Supreme Court would reverse Spaziano's death sentence based on the judge's receipt of a confidential report which was not received by either party. On remand, the judge reimposed the death penalty and the Florida Supreme Court upheld the sentence. In the second case, 468 U.S. 447 (1984) the Court heard Spaziano's appeal of his death sentence.

neg: Emmett Ripley Cox Emmett Ripley Cox (born February 13, 1935) is a Senior United States Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit and a former United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Alabama.

neg: Rochin v. California Rochin v. California, 342 U.S. 165 (1952), was a case decided by the Supreme Court of the United States that added behavior that "shocks the conscience" into tests of what violates due process. This balancing test is often criticized as having subsequently been used in a particularly subjective manner.

neg: Chavez v. Martinez Chavez v. Martinez was a decision of the United States Supreme Court, which held that a police officer does not deprive a suspect of constitutional rights by failing to issue a "Miranda" warning. However, the court held open the possibility that the right to substantive due process could be violated in certain egregious circumstances and remanded the case to the lower court to decide this issue on the case's facts.

neg: Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. ( ; March 8, 1841 – March 6, 1935) was an American jurist who served as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1902 to 1932, and as Acting Chief Justice of the United States from January–February 1930. Noted for his long service, his concise and pithy opinions and his deference to the decisions of elected legislatures, he is one of the most widely cited United States Supreme Court justices in history, particularly for his "clear and present danger" opinion for a unanimous Court in the 1919 case of "Schenck v. United States", and is one of the most influential American common law judges, honored during his lifetime in Great Britain as well as the United States. Holmes retired from the Court at the age of 90 years, making him the oldest Justice in the Supreme Court's history. He also served as an Associate Justice and as Chief Justice on the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, and was Weld Professor of Law at the Harvard Law School, of which he was an alumnus.

neg: Boddie v. Connecticut Boddie v. Connecticut, 401 U.S. 371 (1971) , was a case before the United States Supreme Court.

neg: Bown v. Gwinnett County School District Bown v. Gwinnett County School District, 112 F.3d 1464 (11th Cir. 1997), refers to an Eleventh Circuit Court case in which the plaintiff, Brian Brown, a school teacher, challenged as an unconstitutional Establishment Clause violation Georgia's law requiring a "Moment of Quiet Reflection". The Court ruled that the Moment of Quiet Reflection was not unconstitutional. The Supreme Court of the United States denied certiorari for an appeal.

neg: Criminal law in the Marshall Court The Marshall Court (1801–1835) heard forty-one criminal law cases, slightly more than one per year. Among such cases are "United States v. Simms" (1803), "United States v. More" (1805), "Ex parte Bollman" (1807), "United States v. Hudson" (1812), "Cohens v. Virginia" (1821), "United States v. Perez" (1824), "Worcester v. Georgia" (1832), and "United States v. Wilson" (1833).

neg: Lakhdar Boumediene Lakhdar Boumediene, (Arabic: لخضر بومدين  ) a citizen of Bosnia and Herzegovina, was held in military custody in the United States Guantanamo Bay detention camps, in Cuba beginning in January 2002.

neg: Camreta v. Greene Camreta v. Greene, 563 U.S. 692 (2011), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that in the general case the Court may review a lower court’s constitutional ruling at the behest of government officials who have won final judgment on qualified immunity grounds but could not for this case due to details specific to it.

neg: Galloway v. United States Galloway v. United States was a Supreme Court of the United States decision in which the Court determined that a directed verdict does not deprive litigants of their right to a trial by jury in civil cases under the Seventh Amendment to the United States Constitution.


query: One Night Stand performers include what American stand-up comedian and voice actor, whose roles include voicing Iago in Disney's Alladin?

pos: One Night Stand (U.S. TV series) One Night Stand is an HBO stand-up series that first aired on February 15, 1989. The half-hour series aired weekly and featured stand-up comedy specials from some of the top performing comedians. The series originally comprised 55 specials over the course of its four years on HBO. Comedians who performed on "One Night Stand" include Bill Hicks, Bill Maher, Colin Quinn, Dom Irrera, Gilbert Gottfried, Norm Macdonald, Eddie Griffin, Martin Lawrence, D.L. Hughley, Damon Wayans, Larry Miller, Ellen DeGeneres, Louis C.K., Charles Fleischer, and George Wallace. This first-run of the series ended in 1992, with repeats edited for language and time continuing for years over Comedy Central, a former associate network to HBO.

pos: Gilbert Gottfried Gilbert Gottfried (born February 28, 1955) is an American stand-up comedian, actor and voice actor. His numerous roles in film and television include voicing the parrot Iago in Disney's "Aladdin", Digit in the children's cartoon/educational math-based show "Cyberchase" and Kraang Subprime in "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles". Gottfried was also the voice of the Aflac Duck until 2011.

neg: Ismo Leikola Ismo Leikola (born 22 January 1979) is one of the most successful Finnish stand-up comedians. His achievements include four nationwide concert hall tours and boasting four different two-hour one man shows. He has also appeared in numerous TV shows, released two DVDs and three comedy song singles. In addition to his productive career in Finland he has been building an international presence for many years by performing at various festivals and respected professional comedy clubs around the world.

neg: Luke Null Luke Null (born July 7, 1990 in Cincinnati, Ohio) is an American actor, comedian, and singer, who currently works as a cast member on "Saturday Night Live", having joined the show at the start of its forty-third season. Prior to joining the show, Null was known for performing at the iO Theater in Chicago specializing in musical comedy. Luke Null is now the second "SNL" cast member born in the 1990s after Pete Davidson (though Null is older than Davidson by three years).

neg: Jay Pharoah Jared Antonio Farrow (born 14 October, 1987) better known by his stage name Jay Pharoah, is an American actor, stand-up comedian, impressionist, rapper, and voice actor. He joined the cast of NBC's "Saturday Night Live" in 2010, for its thirty-sixth season. In 2015, he was ranked the 55th greatest "Saturday Night Live" cast member by "Rolling Stone" magazine.

neg: Nicole Parker Nicole Frances Parker (born February 21, 1978) is an American comedian, actress and singer best known for her work on Fox's sketch comedy show "MADtv". In July 2009, she concluded her run as Elphaba in the Broadway production of "Wicked", a role that she reprised on tour across North America.

neg: Sarah Haskins (comedian) Sarah Haskins (born August 3, 1979) is an American comedian known for her satire about gender stereotypes in the media.

neg: Eddie Frierson Edward Davies "Eddie" Frierson (born November 22, 1959) is an American voice actor and stage actor He has provided voices for such films as "Wreck-It Ralph, Hotel Transylvania, The Princess and the Frog, ParaNorman, Curious George, Tangled," the video games and and the animated television series "MÄR: Märchen Awakens Romance" but is perhaps best known for playing Baseball Hall of Fame pitcher Christy Mathewson in the one-man show "Matty: An Evening with Christy Mathewson".

neg: Wayne Federman Wayne Federman (born June 22, 1959) is an American comedian, actor, author, comedy writer, and musician. He is noted for numerous stand-up comedy appearances in clubs, theaters, and on television; a biography of "Pistol" Pete Maravich; and supporting comedic acting roles in "The X-Files", "The Larry Sanders Show", "Curb Your Enthusiasm", "Community", "Legally Blonde", "50 First Dates", "The 40-Year-Old Virgin", and "Step Brothers". He was the head monologue writer for NBC's "Late Night with Jimmy Fallon" in its first season.

neg: Negi (comedian) Uldario Molina Jr., popularly known as Negi, is a Filipino stand up comedian, and actor. He is currently seen on Gandang Gabi, Vice! as Vice Ganda's side kick and a hiatus of the show. He appeared in various TV Shows of ABS-CBN and movies such as Super Parental Guardians and Finally Found Someone.

neg: Bob Newhart George Robert Newhart (born September 5, 1929) is an American stand-up comedian and actor, noted for his deadpan and slightly stammering delivery. Newhart came to prominence in the 1960s when his album of comedic monologues, "The Button-Down Mind of Bob Newhart", became a worldwide bestseller and reached number one on the "Billboard" pop album chart—it remains the 20th-best selling comedy album in history. The follow-up album, "The Button-Down Mind Strikes Back!", was also a massive success, and the two albums held the "Billboard" number one and number two spots simultaneously.

neg: Ryan Hamilton (comedian) Ryan Hamilton is an American stand-up comedian who uses observational, sarcastic, and self-deprecating humor. He is known as a clean comedian and his material focuses on his own experiences, including his single life, skydiving, hot air balloons, and his huge smile. He was named one of "Rolling Stone"' s Five Comics to Watch in 2012, and also has made standout appearances on "The Late Show with Stephen Colbert", "Conan", "The Late Late Show", "Last Comic Standing", Comedy Central, and Showtime.

neg: Dapper Laughs David Daniel O'Reilly, better known by his stage name Dapper Laughs, is a British stand up comedian, pick-up artist and social media participant from Clapham Common, London.

neg: Andrew Rannells Andrew Scott Rannells (born August 23, 1978) is an American actor, voice actor, and singer.

neg: Angelo Tsarouchas Angelo Tsarouchas (born June 22, 1964) is a Canadian comedian/actor. A large element of his stand-up comedy revolves around the parody of his Greek origins.

neg: One-person show A one-person show (one-man show or one-woman show) is a solo performance, featuring a comedian or actor who stands on stage and entertains an audience.

neg: Dane Cook Dane Jeffrey Cook (born March 18, 1972) is an American stand-up comedian and film actor. He has released five comedy albums: "Harmful If Swallowed"; "Retaliation"; ""; ""; and "Isolated Incident". In 2006, "Retaliation" became the highest charting comedy album in 28 years and went platinum. He performed an HBO special in the Fall of 2006, "Vicious Circle", a straight-to-DVD special titled "Rough Around The Edges" (which is included in the album of the same name), and a Comedy Central special in 2009 titled "Isolated Incident". He is known for his use of observational, often vulgar, and sometimes dark comedy.

neg: David Strassman David "Dave" Strassman (born September 6, 1957) is an American ventriloquist, stand-up comedian, actor, voice artist, and comedian. He is best known for his ventriloquism act with Chuck Wood and Ted E. Bare.

neg: Chad Zumock Chad Anthony Zumock is an American comedian, former radio personality, writer, and actor.

neg: Ritch Shydner Ritchie A. "Ritch" Shydner (born December 3, 1952) is an American stand-up comedian, comic writer, and actor.

neg: David Pasquesi David Pasquesi (born December 23, 1960) is an American comedian, actor and voice over actor living in Chicago.

neg: Seth Meyers Seth Adam Meyers (born December 28, 1973) is an American comedian, writer, political commentator, actor, and television host. He hosts "Late Night with Seth Meyers", a late-night talk show that airs on NBC. Prior to that, he was a head writer for NBC's "Saturday Night Live" (2001–2014) and hosted the show's news parody segment, "Weekend Update".