query: The Deutsche Gesellschaft für Schädlingsbekämpfung mbH (translation: German Corporation for Pest control), in short Degesch, is a German chemical corporation, Degesch had the patent of the infamous Zyklon B, was the trade name of a cyanide-based pesticide invented in which country in the early 1920s?

pos: Degesch The Deutsche Gesellschaft für Schädlingsbekämpfung mbH (translation: German Corporation for Pest control), in short Degesch, is a German chemical corporation. Degesch produces pesticides used against weeds and insects. Degesch had the patent of the infamous Zyklon B, a pesticide that was used to execute people in gas chambers of German extermination camps during the Holocaust. Through the firms Tesch & Stabenow GmbH (Testa) and Heerdt-Linger (Heli) Degesch sold the poisonous gas Zyklon B to the German Army and the Schutzstaffel, abbreviation SS.

pos: Zyklon B Zyklon B ( ; ] ; translated Cyclone B) was the trade name of a cyanide-based pesticide invented in Germany in the early 1920s. It consisted of hydrogen cyanide (prussic acid), as well as a cautionary eye irritant and one of several adsorbents such as diatomaceous earth. The product is infamous for its use by Nazi Germany during the Holocaust to murder approximately one million people in gas chambers installed at Auschwitz-Birkenau, Majdanek, and other extermination camps.

neg: German Society for Plant Sciences The German Society for Plant Sciences (also known as German Botanical Society, Deutsche Botanische Gesellschaft, DBG) is a non-profit network for plant sciences and botany in the German speaking area. It represents plant scientists, promotes scientific botany nationally and internationally. It was founded 1882 at Eisenach, Germany. In September 2015 it comprises 920 individual members and persons working or interested in plant science. It integrates all plant science disciplines, like plant ecology, plant biochemistry, plant genetics, evolution, plant physiology, morphology and taxonomy. The society supports young scientists, unites all generations and is member of the "Federation of European Societies for Plant Biology (FESPB)" and associate partner of the "European Plant Science Organisation (EPSO)".

neg: Julius Fromm Julius Fromm (4 March 1883 – 12 May 1945) was a German entrepreneur of Polish-Jewish descent, a chemist and inventor of a process for making condoms from liquefied rubber.

neg: German Investment Corporation Deutsche Investitions- und Entwicklungsgesellschaft (DEG) translates into German Investment and Development Corporation. DEG is a subsidiary of KfW. It was founded in Cologne in September 1962 as a federally owned company. Its headquarters is located in Cologne. In 2012, DEG employed a staff of more than 473, both in Germany and abroad. DEG made financial commitments with a total of EUR 1.33 billion in 2012 and total assets were at EUR 4.6 billion. Profit for the financial year was EUR 129 million. Funds at own risk represented the largest part of the 2012 portfolio (98.6%), whereas the remaining 1.4% was accounted for by financings on behalf of the Federal Republic of Germany (trust business). Since its foundation, DEG has cofinanced almost 1,300 companies in more than 120 countries and committed a total of around EUR 7 billion.

neg: DevGen Devgen is a Belgium-based multinational agricultural biotechnology company. It uses biotechnology and molecular breeding technologies to develop varieties of food crops. Its technology is marketed by outlicensing or selling seeds in India and South-East Asia. Devgen also develops nematicides.

neg: Gerhard Schrader Gerhard Schrader (25 February 1903 – 10 April 1990) was a German chemist specializing in the discovery of new insecticides, hoping to make progress in the fight against hunger in the world. Schrader is best known for his accidental discovery of nerve agents such as sarin and tabun, and for this he is sometimes called the "father of the nerve agents".

neg: IG Farben Trial The United States of America vs. Carl Krauch, et al., also known as the IG Farben Trial, was the sixth of the twelve trials for war crimes the U.S. authorities held in their occupation zone in Germany (Nuremberg) after the end of World War II. IG Farben was the private German chemicals company allied with the Nazis that manufactured the Zyklon B gas used to commit genocide against millions of European Jews in the Holocaust.

neg: Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) is a colorless, tasteless, and almost odorless crystalline organochlorine known for its insecticidal properties and environmental impacts. First synthesized in 1874, DDT's insecticidal action was discovered by the Swiss chemist Paul Hermann Müller in 1939. DDT was used in the second half of World War II to control malaria and typhus among civilians and troops. Müller was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for his discovery of the high efficiency of DDT as a contact poison against several arthropods" in 1948.

neg: 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol, also known as TCP, phenaclor, Dowicide 2S, Dowcide 2S, omal, is a chlorinated phenol that has been used as a fungicide, herbicide, insecticide, antiseptic, defoliant, and glue preservative. It is a clear to yellowish crystalline solid with a strong, phenolic odor. It decomposes on heating to produce toxic and corrosive fumes including hydrogen chloride and chlorine.

neg: Weimar Republic Weimar Republic (German: "Weimarer Republik" ] ) was an unofficial, historical designation for the German state between 1919 and 1933. The name derives from the city of Weimar, where its constitutional assembly first took place. The official name of the state was "Deutsches Reich"; it had remained unchanged since 1871. In English the country was usually known simply as Germany.

neg: Heptachlor Heptachlor is an organochlorine compound that was used as an insecticide. Usually sold as a white or tan powder, heptachlor is one of the cyclodiene insecticides. In 1962, Rachel Carson's "Silent Spring" questioned the safety of heptachlor and other chlorinated insecticides. Due to its highly stable structure, heptachlor can persist in the environment for decades. The US EPA has limited the sale of heptachlor products to the specific application of fire ant control in underground transformers. The amount that can be present in different foods is regulated.

neg: Zeppelin A Zeppelin was a type of rigid airship named after the German Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin (] ) who pioneered rigid airship development at the beginning of the 20th century. Zeppelin's notions were first formulated in 1874 and developed in detail in 1893. They were patented in Germany in 1895 and in the United States in 1899. After the outstanding success of the Zeppelin design, the word "zeppelin" came to be commonly used to refer to all rigid airships. Zeppelins were first flown commercially in 1910 by Deutsche Luftschiffahrts-AG (DELAG), the world's first airline in revenue service. By mid-1914, DELAG had carried over 10,000 fare-paying passengers on over 1,500 flights. During World War I the German military made extensive use of Zeppelins as bombers and scouts, killing over 500 people in bombing raids in Britain.

neg: Indoxacarb Indoxacarb is an oxadiazine pesticide developed by DuPont that acts against lepidopteran larvae. It is marketed under the names Indoxacarb Technical Insecticide, Steward Insecticide and Avaunt Insecticide. It is also used as the active ingredient in Syngenta line of commercial pesticides: Advion and Arilon.

neg: Günther Enderlein Günther Enderlein (7 July 1872 – 11 August 1968) was a German zoologist, entomologist and later a manufacturer of pharmaceutical products. Enderlein got some international renown because of his insect research but in Germany he became famous because of his concept of the pleomorphism of microorganisms and his hypotheses about the origins of cancer, based on the work of other scientists. His hypotheses about pleomorphism and cancer have now been disproved by science and have only some historical importance today. Some of his concepts are however still popular in alternative medicine. An invalid blood test is named after him: "dark field microscopy according to Enderlein".

neg: Brenntag Brenntag AG is a European chemical distribution company founded in 1874 in Berlin. Brenntag is currently the global market leader in full-line chemical distribution. The company is Headquartered in Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany and has operations in more than 70 countries worldwide.

neg: Amdro Amdro is a trade name for a hydramethylnon-based hydrazone insecticide, commonly used in the southern United States for fire ant control. Amdro was patented in 1978 by the American Cyanamid company, now Ambrands, and was conditionally approved for use by the United States Environmental Protection Agency in August, 1980. It is a delayed-toxicity food chain killer, in which soldier ants carry the bait into the mound and feed it to the queen, killing her and decimating the mound. Amdro uses a corn grit and soybean oil base, and must be used within three months after opening to be effective. Amdro has several drawbacks: (1) when it rains, or the bait is moisturized, Amdro loses its effectiveness entirely; (2) insecticide baits tend to be slow working, and take up to a month to be effective; and (3) Amdro cannot be used on food crops.

neg: Lindane Lindane, also known as "gamma"-hexachlorocyclohexane, (γ-HCCH), gammaxene, Gammallin and sometimes incorrectly called benzene hexachloride (BHC), is an organochlorine chemical variant of hexachlorocyclohexane that has been used both as an agricultural insecticide and as a pharmaceutical treatment for lice and scabies.

neg: Maschinenbau Anstalt Humboldt The Maschinenbauanstalt Humboldt was a German mechanical engineering firm in Cologne-Kalk and a precursor to the firm of Deutz AG. It was founded in 1871 as "Maschinenbau A.G. Humboldt", liquidated due to debts in 1884 and reformed as "Maschinenbauanstalt Humboldt A.G.".

neg: Behavioural genetics Behavioural genetics (Commonwealth English) or behavioral genetics (American English), also referred to as behaviour genetics, is a field of scientific research that uses genetic methods to investigate the nature and origins of individual differences in behaviour. While the name "behavioural genetics" connotes a focus on genetic influences, the field broadly investigates genetic and environmental influences, using research designs that allow removal of the confounding of genes and environment. Behavioural genetics was founded as a scientific discipline by Francis Galton in the late 19th century, only to be discredited through association with eugenics movements before and during World War II. In the latter half of the 20th century, the field saw renewed prominence with research on inheritance of behaviour and mental illness in humans (typically using twin and family studies), as well as research on genetically informative model organisms through selective breeding and crosses. In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, technological advances in molecular genetics made it possible to measure and modify the genome directly. This led to major advances in model organism research (e.g., knockout mice) and in human studies (e.g., genome-wide association studies), leading to new scientific discoveries.

neg: Pfizer Pfizer Inc. is an American pharmaceutical corporation headquartered in New York City, with its research headquarters in Groton, Connecticut.

neg: Chemical weapons in World War I Although the use of toxic chemicals as weapons dates back thousands of years, the first large scale use of chemical weapons was during World War I. They were primarily used to demoralize, injure, and kill entrenched defenders, against whom the indiscriminate and generally very slow-moving or static nature of gas clouds would be most effective. The types of weapons employed ranged from disabling chemicals, such as tear gas, to lethal agents like phosgene, chlorine, and mustard gas. This chemical warfare was a major component of the first global war and first total war of the 20th century. The killing capacity of gas was limited, with only about ninety thousand fatalities from a total of some 1.2 million casualties caused by gas attacks. Gas was unlike most other weapons of the period because it was possible to develop effective countermeasures, such as gas masks. In the later stages of the war, as the use of gas increased, its overall effectiveness diminished. The widespread use of these agents of chemical warfare, and wartime advances in the composition of high explosives, gave rise to an occasionally expressed view of World War I as "the chemist's war" and also the era where "weapons of mass destruction" were created.


query: Nunsploitation is a subgenre of exploitation film which had its peak in Europe in the 1970s, these films typically involve Christian nuns living in convents during the Middle Ages, or Medieval Period lasted from the 5th to the 15th century, it began with the fall of what?

pos: Nunsploitation Nunsploitation is a subgenre of exploitation film which had its peak in Europe in the 1970s. These films typically involve Christian nuns living in convents during the Middle Ages. The main conflict of the story is usually of a religious or sexual nature, such as religious oppression or sexual suppression due to living in celibacy. The Inquisition is another common theme. These films, although often seen as pure exploitation films, often contain criticism against religion in general and the Catholic Church in particular. Indeed, some protagonist dialogue voiced feminist consciousness and rejection of their subordinated social role. Many of these films were made in countries where the Catholic Church is influential, such as Italy and Spain. One atypical example of the genre, "Killer Nun" ("Suor Omicidi"), was set in then present-day Italy (1978).

pos: Middle Ages In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or Medieval Period lasted from the 5th to the 15th century. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history: classical antiquity, the medieval period, and the modern period. The medieval period is itself subdivided into the Early, High, and Late Middle Ages.

neg: Vendel Period In Swedish prehistory, the Vendel Period (550-790) comes between the Migration Period and the Viking Age. The migrations and upheaval in Central Europe had lessened somewhat, and two power regions had appeared in Europe: the Merovingian kingdom and the Slavic princedoms in Eastern Europe and the Balkans. A third power, the Catholic Church, had begun to expand its influence.

neg: Cinquecento The cultural and artistic events of Italy during the period 1500 to 1599 are collectively referred to as the Cinquecento (] from the Italian for the number 500, in turn from "millecinquecento ", which is Italian for the year 1500. Cinquecento encompasses the styles and events of the Italian Renaissance.

neg: Interregnum An interregnum (plural interregna or interregnums) is a period of discontinuity or "gap" in a government, organization, or social order. Archetypally, it was the period of time between the reign of one monarch and the next (coming from Latin "inter-", "between" and "rēgnum", "reign" [from "rex, rēgis", "king"]), and the concepts of interregnum and regency therefore overlap. Historically, the longer and heavier interregna were typically accompanied by widespread unrest, civil and succession wars between warlords, and power vacuums filled by foreign invasions or the emergence of a new power. A failed state is usually in interregnum.

neg: Anno Domini 1573 Anno Domini 1573 (, English: 1573 Peasants' Revolt ) is a 1975 Yugoslav/Croatian feature film directed by Vatroslav Mimica. The film was selected for Directors' Fortnight section at Cannes Film Festival in 1976.

neg: Cloistered Nun: Runa's Confession Cloistered Nun: Runa's Confession (修道女ルナの告白 , Shudojo Runa no kokuhaku ) (1976) is a Japanese "pink film" in the nunsploitation genre starring pop singer Luna Takamura, directed by Masaru Konuma and produced by Nikkatsu. AllRovi reports of the film, "As Konuma is not one to pull political punches for the sake of lightweight erotic fluff, the film is far more pointed than the numerous European 'sexy nun' films it ostensibly resembles." Jasper Sharp calls it "a typically profane offering in the most peculiar of Nikkatsu's pornographic subgenres".

neg: Protofeudalism Protofeudalism (Spanish: "protofeudalismo "or" feudalismo prematuro" ) is a concept in medieval history, most especially the history of Spain, according to which the direct precursors of feudalism can be found at the height of the Dark Ages. Spanish historiography relies heavily on the concept and projects it onto the late Visigothic Kingdom, but its usage is generally deprecated in the English-language historiography of Spain (or anywhere else). The current tendency in English scholarship to downplay feudalism and reduce the usage of related terminology, especially its application to the Early Middle Ages, is in direct conflict with recent trends in Spanish historiography to push the start of feudalism back into the Visigothic period, sometimes seen as part of a tendency to "Europeanise" Spanish history.

neg: Medieval metal Medieval metal is a subgenre of folk metal that blends hard rock or heavy metal music with medieval folk music. Medieval metal is mostly restricted to Germany where it is known as Mittelalter-Metal or Mittelalter-Rock . The genre emerged from the middle of the 1990s with contributions from Subway to Sally, In Extremo and Schandmaul. The style is characterised by the prominent use of a wide variety of traditional folk and medieval instruments.

neg: List of action films of the 1970s This is chronological list of action films released in the 1970s. Often there may be considerable overlap particularly between action and other genres (including horror, comedy, and science fiction films); the list should attempt to document films which are more closely related to action, even if they bend genres.

neg: Pornography Pornography (often abbreviated porn) is the portrayal of sexual subject matter for the purpose of sexual arousal. Pornography may be presented in a variety of media, including books, magazines, postcards, photographs, sculpture, drawing, painting, animation, sound recording, writing, film, video, and video games. The term applies to the depiction of the act rather than the act itself, and so does not include live exhibitions like sex shows and striptease. The primary subjects of present-day pornographic depictions are pornographic models, who pose for still photographs, and pornographic actors or porn stars, who perform in pornographic films. If dramatic skills are not involved, a performer in a porn film may also be called a model.

neg: Nun A nun is a member of a religious community of women, typically one living under vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience. She may have decided to dedicate her life to serving all other living beings, or she might be an ascetic who voluntarily chose to leave mainstream society and live her life in prayer and contemplation in a monastery or convent. The term "nun" is applicable to Catholics (eastern and western traditions), Orthodox Christians, Anglicans, Lutherans, Jains, Buddhists, Taoists, Hindus and some other religious traditions.

neg: Medievalism Medievalism is the system of belief and practice characteristic of the Middle Ages, or devotion to elements of that period, which has been expressed in areas such as architecture, literature, music, art, philosophy, scholarship, and various vehicles of popular culture. Since the eighteenth century, a variety of movements have used the medieval period as a model or inspiration for creative activity, including Romanticism, the Gothic revival, the Pre-Raphaelite and arts and crafts movements and neo-medievalism (a term often used interchangeably with medievalism). The words "medievalism" and "Medieval" are both first recorded in the nineteenth century. "Medieval" is derived from Latin "medium aevum" (middle of the ages).

neg: 1990s in film The decade of the 1990s in film involved many significant developments in cinema. Continuing from the 1980s, low-budget independent films unceasingly rose and maintained their popularity in the industry within the decade.

neg: Post-medieval archaeology Post-medieval archaeology is a term used in Europe to describe the study of the material past over the last 500 years. Increasingly the field is referred to as Historical archaeology, a term in international usage. It is closely related to Industrial archaeology, although post-medieval archaeology conventionally has not extended its studies past the mid 18th century. Such a 'cut-off' date is increasingly critiqued by work within historical archaeology and contemporary archaeology.

neg: Cannibal boom The cannibal boom is a period in the history of exploitation film, lasting roughly from 1977 to 1981, where cannibal films were at the peak of their popularity in Grindhouse theaters and cinema. Though Umberto Lenzi started the cannibal genre with his film "Man from Deep River" in 1972, it was not until Ruggero Deodato released his film "Last Cannibal World" in 1977 that the concept of cannibal films began to catch on. Although five cannibal films were made in 1977 and 1978, none were released in 1979 (though Deodato's "Cannibal Holocaust" was in the works). In February 1980, Deodato released "Cannibal Holocaust", which was the start of a chain of seven similar films to be made and released in the same year. The following year, however, in 1981, only two cannibal films were made (one of them was "Cannibal Ferox", second in notoriety only to "Cannibal Holocaust"). Only four other cannibal films were made after 1981 until the fad's conclusion in 1988 with Antonio Climati's "Natura Contro".

neg: Quattrocento The cultural and artistic events of Italy during the period 1400 to 1499 are collectively referred to as the Quattrocento (] ) from the Italian for the number 400, in turn from "millequattrocento ", which is Italian for the year 1400. The Quattrocento encompasses the artistic styles of the late Middle Ages (most notably International Gothic) and the early Renaissance.

neg: Inquisition The Inquisition was a group of institutions within the government system of the Catholic Church whose aim was to combat heresy. It started in 12th-century France to combat religious sectarianism, in particular the Cathars and the Waldensians. Other groups investigated later included the Spiritual Franciscans, the Hussites (followers of Jan Hus) and Beguines. Beginning in the 1250s, inquisitors were generally chosen from members of the Dominican Order, replacing the earlier practice of using local clergy as judges. The term Medieval Inquisition covers these courts up to mid-15th century.

neg: Slasher film Slasher films are a subgenre of horror films, typically involving a violent psychopath stalking and murdering several people, usually with bladed tools. Although the term "slasher" is sometimes used informally as a generic term for any horror movie involving murder, analysts of the genre cite an established set of characteristics which set these films apart from other horror subgenres, such as splatter films and psychological horror films.

neg: Turksploitation Turksploitation is a tongue-in-cheek label given to a great number of unauthorized Turkish film adaptations of best-selling Hollywood movies and television series, produced mainly in the 1970s and 1980s.

neg: Second-wave feminism Second-wave feminism is a period of feminist activity and thought that first began in the early 1960s in the United States, and eventually spread throughout the Western world and beyond.

neg: Softcore pornography Softcore pornography or softcore porn is commercial still photography or film that has a pornographic or erotic component. It is less sexually graphic and intrusive than hardcore pornography. It typically contains nude or semi-nude actors involved in love scenes, and is intended to be sexually arousing and aesthetically beautiful.


query: Topics covered by this author include corporate control of government, the harshness of war, gender polarities and sexual identity.

pos: The Stone Gods (novel) The Stone Gods is a 2007 novel by Jeanette Winterson. It is mainly a post apocalyptic love story concerned with corporate control of government, the harshness of war, and the dehumanization that technology brings, among other themes. The novel is self-referential, where later characters in the story find and read earlier sections of the book itself, and where certain sets of characters’ story arcs repeat, particularly those of a Robo 'Sapien' named Spike and her reluctant human companion, Billie. This technique sets the book in the postmodernist genre, though it is mainly used to warn against history’s tendency to repeat itself, as well as humanity’s inability to learn from past mistakes, even when these mistakes repeat across history, planets, and their respective evolutionary timelines.

pos: Jeanette Winterson Jeanette Winterson, OBE (born 27 August 1959) is an award-winning English writer, who became famous with her first book, "Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit", a semi-autobiographical novel about a sensitive teenage girl rebelling against conventional values. Some of her other novels have explored gender polarities and sexual identity. Winterson is also a broadcaster and a professor of creative writing. She is a two-time winner of the Lambda Literary Award, which focuses on LGBT issues.

neg: Capitalist Patriarchy and the Case for Socialist Feminism Capitalist Patriarchy and the Case for Socialist Feminism

neg: Warlord A warlord is a leader able to exercise military, economic, and political control over a subnational territory within a sovereign state due to their ability to mobilize loyal armed forces. These armed forces, usually considered militias, are loyal to the warlord rather than to the state regime. Warlords have existed throughout much of history, albeit in a variety of different capacities within the political, economic, and social structure of states or ungoverned territories.

neg: Effects of sex in the media In the past several decades, researchers have spent continuous efforts on exploring how sexual content in the media influence individuals' perceptions of sex, marriage, and the rape. Among these sexual content in the media, pornography has been a big business, generating $13 billion just in the U.S. in 2006. Researchers have reached agreement on some effects of sexual content in the media, such as arousal and some attitudinal effects. However, there is still an argument on whether the Catharsis effects resulting from the sexual media content.

neg: Psychological abuse Psychological abuse (also referred to as psychological violence, emotional abuse, or mental abuse) is a form of abuse, characterized by a person subjecting, or exposing, another person to behavior that may result in psychological trauma, including anxiety, chronic depression, or post-traumatic stress disorder. It is often associated with situations of power imbalance in abusive relationships including bullying, gaslighting and abuse in the workplace.

neg: Misogyny Misogyny ( ) is the hatred of, contempt for, or prejudice against women or girls. Misogyny can be manifested in numerous ways, including social exclusion, sex discrimination, hostility, androcentrism, patriarchy, male privilege, belittling of women, violence against women, and sexual objectification. Misogyny can occasionally be found within sacred texts of religions and mythologies, and various influential Western philosophers and thinkers have been described as misogynistic.

neg: State-building Over the past two decades, state-building has developed into becoming an integral part and even a specific approach to peacebuilding by the international community. Observers across the political and academic spectra have come to see the state-building approach as the preferred strategy to peacebuilding in a number of high-profile conflicts, including the Israeli-Palestinian, Bosnia, Iraq, and Afghanistan. According to the political scientist Anders Persson, internationally led state-building is based on three dimensions: a security dimension, a political dimension and an economic dimension. Of these three, security is almost always considered the first priority.

neg: Liberal feminism Liberal feminism is an individualistic form of feminist theory, which focuses on women’s ability to maintain their equality through their own actions and choices. Its emphasis was on making the legal and political rights of women equal to men. Liberal feminists argue that society holds the false belief that women are, by nature, less intellectually and physically capable than men; thus it tends to discriminate against women in the academy, the forum, and the marketplace. Liberal feminists believe that "female subordination is rooted in a set of customary and legal constraints that blocks women’s entrance to and success in the so-called public world". They strive for sexual equality via political and legal reform.

neg: Ingrid Bengis Ingrid Bengis, born in 1944 in New York City, is a writer best known for her pioneering collection of essays on love, hate and sexuality, "Combat in the Erogenous Zone", (Knopf 1972). The book received critical acclaim and was nominated for a National Book Award. "The New York Times Book Review" said, "It must be read and it must be taken seriously if human sexuality is ever going to live up to its notices" while "Newsweek" called it "a remarkable book...that has probably moved both women and men on a deeper level than any other document of the new feminism". It was reissued in 1990 after Martin Duberman, writing in "The Village Voice" asked, "Where is this astonishing writer? Why has she dropped from sight". The reissue by Harper Collins included a new introduction by Duberman, in which he wrote, "(Bengis) was only twenty eight when the book was published, but had lived so intensely and could describe her experiences so freshly...that her ruminations about love, hate and sex struck many of us who were older than she as astonishingly vivid and wise. Nearly twenty years later, they still do." Among the most frequently cited quotes from the book are "Imagination has always had powers of resurrection that no science can match" and "For me, words are a form of action, capable of influencing change", quoted by Barack Obama in one of his 2008 campaign speeches.

neg: Bisexual politics Bisexual politics are arguments surrounding individuals who identify as bisexual and their perspectives on issues involving sexuality, equality, visibility and inclusion. Some authors describe "bisexual politics" as a form of identity politics.

neg: Commercialization of love The notion of commercialization of love, that has not to be confused with prostitution, involves the definitions of Romantic love and Consumerism.

neg: Feminist literary criticism Feminist literary criticism is literary criticism informed by feminist theory, or, more broadly, by the politics of feminism. It uses feminist principles and ideology to critique the language of literature. This school of thought seeks to analyze and describe the ways in which literature portrays the narrative of male domination by exploring the economic, social, political, and psychological forces embedded within literature. This way of thinking and criticizing works can be said to have changed the way literary texts are viewed and studied, as well as changing the canon of what is taught.

neg: Genocidal rape Genocidal rape is a term used to describe the actions of a group who have carried out acts of mass rape during wartime against their perceived enemy as part of a genocidal campaign. During the Bangladesh Liberation War, the Yugoslav Wars, and the Rwandan genocide, the mass rapes that had been an integral part of those conflicts brought the concept of genocidal rape to international prominence. Although war rape has been a recurrent feature in conflicts throughout history, it has usually been looked upon as a by-product of conflict, and not an integral part of military policy.

neg: A Call to Action: Women, Religion, Violence, and Power A Call to Action: Women, Religion, Violence, and Power

neg: Andrea Dworkin Andrea Rita Dworkin (September 26, 1946 – April 9, 2005) was an American radical feminist and writer best known for her criticism of pornography, which she argued was linked to rape and other forms of violence against women. Her views were widely criticized by liberal feminists and others. At the same time, she maintained a dialogue with political conservatives, and wrote a topically-related book, "Right-Wing Women". After suffering abuse from her first husband, she was introduced to radical feminist literature, and began writing "Woman Hating". Coming to New York, she became an activist on several issues and a writer, eventually publishing 10 books on feminism.

neg: Mediated stylistics Mediated stylistics is a new and still emerging approach to the analysis of media texts (e.g. news programs, newspaper articles). Its aims are twofold: first, to take seriously the idea that media texts (e.g. news programs, newspaper articles) involve 'the construction of stories by other means'; and second to take seriously the idea that in an age marked by digital connectivity, media texts are inherently interactive phenomena. To meet these aims, mediated stylistics has brought together the analytic toolkits of discursive psychology—which is finely attuned to the contextual specificities of interaction—and stylistics—which is finely attuned to the grammatical/rhetorical/narratorial specificities of texts as texts. Recent research in which mediated stylistics has been put to work, for instance, has shown that and how mediated representation of issues like sexism, sexualisation, alleged rape and violence against women can differ, and differ in rhetorically consequential ways, from the original un-mediated source material.

neg: Sexual abuse and intellectual disability People with intellectual disabilities can be both the victims and perpetrators of sexual violence (often termed sexual abuse), including child sexual abuse. Prevalence rates of sexual violence against people with intellectual disabilities are high when compared with the experience of the general population. Whilst people with intellectual disabilities experience sexual violence in many of the same ways as the general population, they may encounter additional issues relating to their impairments and / or the social environments in which they live. These can include increased vulnerability, questions around ability to consent to sexual activities, differential treatment before the law, social attitudes about intellectual disability and sexuality, and restricted access to suitable support and recovery services.

neg: Naked Imperialism Naked Imperialism: The U.S. Pursuit of Global Dominance is a 2006 book by John Bellamy Foster. In the book Foster explains that, since September 11, 2001, the United States has been involved in wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, increased the global reach of its military bases, and spent more money on the military. In his analysis, U.S. militarism and imperialism have deep political and economic roots in U.S. history and the logic of capitalism. The apparent objective of the imperialist system of today (as in the past) is to open up peripheral economies to investment from core capitalist countries, thus ensuring raw material supplies at low prices, and a net outflow of economic surplus from poorer countries to center of the capitalist world.

neg: Feminist views on BDSM Feminist views on BDSM vary widely from rejection to acceptance. BDSM refers to bondage and dominance, and Sado-Masochism. In order to evaluate its perception, two polarizing frameworks are compared. Some feminists, such as Andrea Dworkin and Susan Griffin, have stated that they regard BDSM as a form of woman-hating violence, while other feminists, such as Gayle Rubin and Patrick Califia, perceive BDSM as a valid form of expression of female sexuality. Some lesbian feminists practice BDSM and regard it as part of their sexual identity.

neg: Radical feminism Radical feminism is a perspective within feminism that calls for a radical reordering of society in which male supremacy is eliminated in all social and economic contexts.

neg: Gender inequality Gender inequality is the idea and situation that women and men are not equal. Gender inequality refers to unequal treatment or perceptions of individuals wholly or partly due to their gender. It arises from differences in (arguably socially constructed) gender roles. Gender systems are often dichotomous and hierarchical; gender binary systems may reflect the inequalities that manifest in numerous dimensions of daily life. Gender inequality stems from distinctions, whether empirically grounded or socially constructed.


query: Who directed the American short silent film shot on May 20, 1891 in collaboration with "The Wizard of Menlo Park"?

pos: Dickson Greeting Dickson Greeting is an 1891 American short silent film. Directed, produced by, and starring motion-picture pioneer William K. L. Dickson, it displays a 3-second clip of him passing a hat in front of himself, and reaching for it with his other hand. It was filmed on May 20, 1891 in the Photographic Building at Edison's Black Maria studio, West Orange, New Jersey, in collaboration with Thomas Edison using his kinetograph. The film was played for viewers at the National Federation of Women's Clubs, one of the first public presentations of a motion picture.

pos: Thomas Edison Thomas Alva Edison (February 11, 1847October 18, 1931) was an American inventor and businessman, who has been described as America's greatest inventor. He developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world, including the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and the long-lasting, practical electric light bulb. Dubbed "The Wizard of Menlo Park", he was one of the first inventors to apply the principles of mass production and large-scale teamwork to the process of invention, and because of that, he is often credited with the creation of the first industrial research laboratory.

neg: The Inexhaustible Cab The Inexhaustible Cab (1899) is a short film that was directed by George Albert Smith. Released in the US by S Lubin and Edison Manufacturing Company 29 June 1901.

neg: Those Boys! Those Boys! is a 1909 American silent short comedy film directed by D. W. Griffith.

neg: Caught in the Rain Caught in the Rain is a 1914 American comedy silent film starring Charlie Chaplin. This film was the first of many movies in which Chaplin both directed and played the lead. The short film was produced by Mack Sennett for Keystone Studios with a running time of 16 minutes.

neg: The Zulu's Heart The Zulu's Heart is a 1908 American silent short drama film directed by D. W. Griffith.

neg: The Making of a Man The Making of a Man is a 1911 short silent drama film directed by D. W. Griffith and starring Blanche Sweet.

neg: Thicker than Water (1935 film) Thicker than Water was a short film starring Laurel and Hardy, directed by James W.Horne, produced by Hal Roach, and released in 1935 by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. The short also features James Finlayson and Daphne Pollard in supporting roles.

neg: The Devil (1908 film) The Devil is a 1908 American silent short drama film directed by D. W. Griffith. A print of the film exists in the film archive of the Library of Congress.

neg: The Lost Lie The Lost Lie is a 1918 American short comedy film directed by King Vidor.

neg: Another Job for the Undertaker Another Job for the Undertaker is a 1901 silent fantasy-comedy film made by Edison Studios. It was directed by Edwin Stanton Porter, an early film pioneer. It is two minutes in length.

neg: The Potter and the Clay The Potter and the Clay is a 1914 American silent short film directed by George Melford.

neg: A Society Sensation A Society Sensation is a 1918 American silent comedy-drama film starring Carmel Myers and Rudolph Valentino (credited as Rudolpho De Valentina), directed by Paul Powell and released by Universal Pictures under the name Bluebird Photoplays. When it was re-released in 1924, it was cut down to 24 minutes to include only Valentino's scenes, although it was Carmel Myers who originally starred in the film.

neg: Mary, Queen of Tots Mary, Queen of Tots is a 1925 American short silent comedy film directed by Robert F. McGowan. It was the 42nd "Our Gang" short subject released.

neg: Alice's Spooky Adventure Alice's Spooky Adventure is a black-and-white silent short subject created by Walt Disney.

neg: By the Light of the Moon (film) By the Light of the Moon is a 1911 American single-reel silent film directed and filmed by Edwin S. Porter. It was produced for the Rex Motion Picture Company. It is one of the earliest examples of silhouette animation.

neg: Harold Rosson Harold G. "Hal" Rosson, A.S.C. (April 6, 1895 – September 6, 1988) was an American cinematographer who worked during the early and classical Hollywood cinema. He is best known for his work on the 1939 fantasy film "The Wizard of Oz".

neg: Mysterious Mr. Parkes Mysterious Mr. Parkes (French title: "L'Énigmatique Monsieur Parkes") is a 1930 American Pre-Code comedy drama film made by Paramount Pictures, directed by Louis J. Gasnier. It was a French-language version of "Slightly Scarlet" for the European market.

neg: The Tramp Dentists The Tramp Dentists is a 1913 American silent short comedy film released by the newly formed Joker productions by the Universal Film Manufacturing Company. Directed by Allen Curtis, the film's cast includes Max Asher, Lee Morris, Eddie Boland Joseph Singleton and Bobby Vernon. The film is centered on two tramps, Dusty and Weary, who take over a dentist shop and get rich through their untrained dentistry, extracting teeth with pincers and ice tongs. After earning a large amount of money, the tramps return to their old way of life. Released on October 29, 1913, this film was the second Joker comedy. The film received some criticism for its vulgar humor. The film had a wide national release in the United States, but the film is presumed lost.

neg: As Seen Through a Telescope As Seen Through a Telescope (AKA: "The Professor and His Field Glass") is a 1900 British short silent comedy film, directed by George Albert Smith, featuring an elderly gentleman getting a glimpse of a woman's ankle through a telescope. The three-shot comedy, according to Michael Brooke of BFI Screenonline, "uses a similar technique to that which G.A. Smith pioneered in "Grandma's Reading Glass" (1900)," and although, "the editing is unsophisticated, the film does at least show a very early example of how to make use of point-of-view close-ups in the context of a coherent narrative (which is this film's main advance on Grandma's Reading Glass)." "Smith's experiments with editing," Brooke concludes, "were ahead of most contemporary film-makers, and in retrospect it can clearly be seen that he was laying the foundations of film grammar as we now understand it."

neg: The Spirit of Adventure The Spirit of Adventure is a 1915 American short film directed by B. Reeves Eason.

neg: The Green-Eyed Devil The Green-Eyed Devil is a 1914 American short silent film directed by James Kirkwood. The film starred Earle Foxe, Spottiswoode Aitken and William Garwood in the lead roles.


query: Who wrote the book that Peggy Robertson's 1948 movie is based on?

pos: Peggy Robertson Margaret "Peggy" Robertson (née Singer; 13 September 1916 6 February 1998) was a British-born script supervisor and personal assistant to Alfred Hitchcock from the 1940s through the 1970s during which time she worked on the films "Under Capricorn" (1948) and "Stage Fright" (1950), "Vertigo" (1958), "Psycho" (1960), "The Birds" (1963), and all of the director's remaining films.

pos: Under Capricorn Under Capricorn is a 1949 British historical thriller film directed by Alfred Hitchcock about a couple in Australia who started out as lady and stable boy in Ireland, and who are now bound together by a horrible secret. The film was based on the novel "Under Capricorn" (1937) by Helen Simpson, with a screenplay by James Bridie. It was adapted to the screen by Hume Cronyn. This was Hitchcock's second film in Technicolor, and like the preceding color film "Rope" (1948), it also featured 10-minute takes.

neg: Mickey (1948 film) Mickey is a 1948 coming of age comedy drama film starring Lois Butler, Bill Goodwin, Skip Homeier and Academy Award-winning actress Hattie McDaniel. The film was based on the novel "Clementine" by Peggy Goodin and was filmed in Cinecolor.

neg: Catalina (novel) Catalina is a novel written by W. Somerset Maugham and first published by Heinemann in 1948. Set in Spain during the Inquisition, the novel is a satire on the power of the church. It was Maugham’s last published novel.

neg: The Golden Time The Golden Time is a 1949 novel by the Canadian author Harold Standish. It tells the story of the McGibbon family of Chatham, Ontario as they struggle with various troubles, including alcoholism, domestic abuse, and their ultimate triumph as owners of a tobacco farm in the countryside near Chatham. The novel was first published by in Toronto by Macmillan in 1949, and was later reprinted in several paperback editions. Like other novels of the period by such contemporaries of Standish as Morley Callaghan and Hugh Garner, "The Golden Time" uses terse, straightforward prose reminiscent of social realist genre. As a significant departure from realism, however, the novel uses a number of time-shift sequences to emphasize the connections between the different generations of the McGibbon family. In this sense, the novel can be regarded as a precursor to such modernist Canadian novels as Sheila Watson's "The Double Hook" and Hugh MacLennan's "The Watch That Ends the Night" (both published in 1959).

neg: On Our Merry Way On Our Merry Way is a 1948 American comedy film produced by Benedict Bogeaus and Burgess Meredith and released by United Artists. At the time of its release, King Vidor and Leslie Fenton were credited with its direction, although the DVD lists John Huston and George Stevens, who assisted with one of the segments, as well. The screenplay by Laurence Stallings and Lou Breslow, based on an original story by Arch Oboler, is similar in style to that of "Tales of Manhattan" (1942), another anthology film made up of several vignettes linked by a single theme. The picture stars Paulette Goddard, Burgess Meredith, James Stewart, Henry Fonda, Harry James, Dorothy Lamour, Victor Moore and Fred MacMurray. marks the first joint movie appearance of Stewart and Fonda, who play a pair of musicians in their section of the film.

neg: Brewster's Millions (1945 film) Brewster's Millions (1945) is one of a number of adaptations of the novel of the same name by George Barr McCutcheon. In the original "Brewster's Millions", the hero was a stockbroker; in this version, Brewster is a returning soldier.

neg: All About H. Hatterr All About H. Hatterr (1948) is a novel by G. V. Desani chronicling the adventures of an Anglo-Malay man in search of wisdom and enlightenment. "As far back as in 1951," Desani later wrote, "I said H. Hatterr was a portrait of a man, the common vulgar species, found everywhere, both in the East and in the West".

neg: Across to Singapore Across to Singapore is a 1928 American silent romantic drama film directed by William Nigh, and starring Ramon Novarro and Joan Crawford. The plot involves a love triangle between a woman and two brothers, set on board ship and in Singapore. The screenplay was written by Ted Shane based on the novel "All the Brothers Were Valiant" by Ben Ames Williams.

neg: It's Hard to Be Good It's Hard to Be Good is a 1948 British comedy film directed by Jeffrey Dell and starring Jimmy Hanley, Anne Crawford and Raymond Huntley. In the film, an ex-army officer and do-gooder finds his attempts to improve the world leads invariably to disasters.

neg: Peggy Cummins Peggy Cummins (born 18 December 1925) is a retired Welsh-born Irish actress, best known for her performance in Joseph H. Lewis's "Gun Crazy" (1949), playing a trigger-happy "femme fatale", who robs banks with her lover (played by John Dall).

neg: Please Turn Over Please Turn Over is a 1959 British comedy film written by Norman Hudis and directed by Gerald Thomas. It featured Ted Ray, Julia Lockwood, Jean Kent, Joan Sims, Leslie Phillips, Charles Hawtrey, Lionel Jeffries and Victor Maddern. The screenplay concerns an English suburb that is thrown into chaos when the daughter of one of the residents publishes a book detailing the supposed secrets of the inhabitants. It was based on the play "Book of the Month" by Basil Thomas.

neg: The Agitator The Agitator is a 1945 British drama film directed by John Harlow and starring William Hartnell, Mary Morris and John Laurie. Its plot follows a young socialist who is forced to question his beliefs when he unexpectedly inherits a large firm. It was based on the novel "Peter Pettenger" by William Riley.

neg: Kate Plus Ten Kate Plus Ten is a 1917 British crime novel written by Edgar Wallace. In 1938 it was made into a film "Kate Plus Ten". In 1967 it was adapted for the film "The Trygon Factor" starring Stewart Granger.

neg: Gone with the Wind (novel) Gone with the Wind is a novel by American writer Margaret Mitchell, first published in 1936. The story is set in Clayton County and Atlanta, both in Georgia, during the American Civil War and Reconstruction Era. It depicts the struggles of young Scarlett O'Hara, the spoiled daughter of a well-to-do plantation owner, who must use every means at her disposal to claw her way out of poverty following Sherman's destructive "March to the Sea". This historical novel features a "Bildungsroman" or coming-of-age story, with the title taken from a poem written by Ernest Dowson.

neg: Journey for Margaret Journey for Margaret is a 1942 drama film set in London in World War II. It stars Robert Young and Laraine Day as a couple who have to deal with the loss of their unborn child due to a bombing raid. It is an adaptation of the novel of the same name by William Lindsay White.

neg: R.J. Robertson R.J. Robertson (1946 – 8 April 1994) was an American writer and actor. He is best known for working on a number of scripts with Jim Wynorski. He also wrote some non fiction books.

neg: That Hagen Girl That Hagen Girl is a 1947 American drama film directed by Peter Godfrey. The screenplay by Charles Hoffman was based on the novel by Edith Kneipple Roberts. The film focuses on small town teenage girl Mary Hagen (Shirley Temple) who gossips believe is the illegitimate daughter of former resident and lawyer Tom Bates (Ronald Reagan). Lois Maxwell received a Golden Globe award for her performance.

neg: The Red Badge of Courage (film) The Red Badge of Courage is a 1951 war film made by MGM. Directed by John Huston, it was produced by Gottfried Reinhardt with Dore Schary as executive producer. The screenplay is by John Huston, adapted by Albert Band from Stephen Crane's novel of the same name. The cinematography is by Harold Rosson, and the music score by Bronislau Kaper. The making of this film is the subject of Lillian Ross's 1952 book "Picture", originally in "The New Yorker".

neg: Silk Stockings Silk Stockings is a musical with a book by George S. Kaufman, Leueen MacGrath, and Abe Burrows and music and lyrics by Cole Porter. The musical is loosely based on the Melchior Lengyel story "Ninotchka" and the 1939 film adaptation it inspired. It ran on Broadway in 1955. This was the last musical that Porter wrote for the stage.

neg: Uneasy Terms Uneasy Terms is a 1948 British thriller film directed by Vernon Sewell and starring Michael Rennie, Moira Lister and Faith Brook. It is based on a novel of the same name by Peter Cheyney.

neg: Love in a Cold Climate Love in a Cold Climate is a novel by Nancy Mitford, first published in 1949. The title is a direct quotation from George Orwell's novel "Keep the Aspidistra Flying" (1936).


query: Pearson Plaza is the name of a small indoor shopping complex in Elliot Lake, Ontario, it replaced the Algo Centre Mall,  a mall and hotel located in the middle of Elliot Lake, Ontario's commercial district on Highway 108, demolished after a tragic collapse, is legally Eastwood Mall since which year?

pos: Pearson Plaza Pearson Plaza is the name of a small indoor shopping complex in Elliot Lake, Ontario. Located on the site of the former Nordic Hotel (later Huron Lodge), at Hillside Drive South and Ontario Avenue, it replaces the Algo Centre Mall, demolished after a tragic collapse.

pos: Algo Centre Mall The Algo Centre Mall (legally Eastwood Mall since 2005 but almost never referred to as such) was a mall and hotel located in the middle of Elliot Lake, Ontario's commercial district on Highway 108. It was the largest commercial complex in the area. When the community was hit by uranium mine closures in the 1990s, the complex gradually refocused, hosting multiple services, such as a library, constituency offices, and public health offices. In recent years, many businesses located in the mall either closed or moved to outside locations. Still, the mall was a community hub, with most of the area's clothing stores and its largest grocery store, employing upwards of 250 local residents. It accounted for 10% of community's retail space and 6% of the total wages.

neg: Cedarbrae Mall Cedarbrae Mall is a shopping mall in the Scarborough area of Toronto, Ontario, Canada at the corner of Markham Road and Lawrence Avenue East. In terms of size, Cedarbrae Mall may be the eighty-ninth largest shopping mall in Canada with a floor area of 548000 sqft .

neg: National Hotel, Toronto The National Hotel was a hotel built on the southeast corner of King and Sherbourne streets, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Under pressure for condominium apartment redevelopment, the City of Toronto attempted to preserve the building, designating it a heritage site in 2009, but the building was eventually torn down in 2013. The hotel's north and west facades were preserved as part of the new condominium development, examples of "facadism" in Toronto.

neg: Panel Mine The Panel Mine is an abandoned uranium mine located approximately 14.5 km northeast of Elliot Lake, Ontario, owned and operated by Rio Algom Ltd. The site has been rehabilitated and is currently undergoing environmental monitoring.

neg: Stanleigh Mine The Stanleigh Mine is an abandoned uranium mine located approximately 3 km northeast of Elliot Lake, Ontario, owned and operated by Rio Algom Ltd. The site has been rehabilitated and is currently undergoing environmental monitoring.

neg: Hillcrest Mall Hillcrest Mall, or Hillcrest, is a 585758 sqft enclosed shopping centre located in the town of Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada, on the northwest corner of Yonge Street and Carrville Road. It has 135 shops, services, and restaurants.

neg: Scarborough, Toronto Scarborough ( ; 2011 Census 625,698) is an administrative district and former city in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Situated atop the Scarborough Bluffs, it occupies the eastern part of the city. Scarborough is contained within the borders of Victoria Park Avenue on the west, Steeles Avenue to the north, Rouge River and the city of Pickering to the east, and Lake Ontario to the south. It was named after the English town of Scarborough, North Yorkshire.

neg: Bridlewood Mall Bridlewood Mall is a shopping centre located in Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, at 2900 Warden Avenue.

neg: York Mills Centre York Mills Centre is a four-phase commercial complex at Yonge Street and York Mills Road in Toronto, Ontario. York Mills Centre's location is adjacent to the interchange of Highway 401. The centre consists of low-rise towers and many amenities, convenient retail and dining under a glass-topped atrium. The York Mills Centre site is part of the historic Hogg's Hollow. It is connected to urban and regional transit through the York Mills TTC station and York Mills Bus Terminal of GO Transit. The Complex was built by the York Trillium Development Group. The property is currently managed by Manulife Financial, which acquired it for C$161 million from Ivanhoé Cambridge in a deal that closed December 12, 2011.

neg: Kingsway Mall Kingsway Mall (formerly Kingsway Garden Mall) is a shopping centre located in central Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. The mall, constructed in 1976, completed a $70-million redevelopment from 2007-2009. The "Revealing" held the weekend of 13 November 2009, saw the name change, introduced the public to the new mall, and opened the winter shopping season. Bordered by three major commuter roads (109 Street, Princess Elizabeth Avenue, and Kingsway), Kingsway Mall is situated near NAIT (Northern Alberta Institute of Technology) and the Royal Alexandra Hospital. On 14 March 2014, its Target location opened, but closed in 2015. Also in 2015, Forever 21 opened in the former Smitty's and Shefield Express. It also had the last Smart Set in Edmonton (the old location is now Hyba). Hot Topic opened in the mall Fall 2015 and it is the first in Edmonton. In 2017, they announced they would go under a renovation adding new stores and a Marshalls/HomeSense in the former Target.

neg: Yorkdale Shopping Centre Yorkdale Shopping Centre, or simply Yorkdale, is a major retail shopping mall in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located several kilometres north-west of Downtown Toronto at the interchange of Highway 401 and Allen Road, adjacent to Yorkdale station on Line 1 Yonge–University of the Toronto Subway.

neg: Polo Park Polo Park (corporately styled as "CF Polo Park") is a shopping centre in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. It is situated on the former Polo Park Racetrack near the junction of Portage Avenue and St. James Street and is the largest mall of the eight malls in the city. It is the 12th largest shopping centre in Canada and the largest between Toronto and Edmonton.

neg: Remington Centre Remington Centre (滙通廣場) is an 800,000 sqft Chinese-themed mall to be built at the corner of Kennedy Road and Steeles Avenue in Markham, Ontario, Canada, on the site of the present Market Village mall. It will be connected to Pacific Mall by an indoor walkway. Market Village is scheduled for demolition and construction of the new mall was to have begun in the third quarter of 2013, but as of early 2017, Market Village remains in operation with no signs of closure, but some long term tenants have left including McDonald's in late 2015. As of March 2017, certain stores have started selling off all inventory with sales staff mentioning the reason as store closing due to demolition work slated to begin September 2017.

neg: Woodville Mall Woodville Mall was an enclosed shopping mall off of Woodville Road (State Route 51) in Northwood, Ohio, outside the city of Toledo, Ohio. The mall opened in 1969 and, after losing most of its stores in the 2000s, became a dead mall. The mall (interior) was closed in December 2011 and demolished in March 2014.

neg: List of shopping malls in Toronto The following is a list of shopping malls in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The first enclosed shopping mall in Toronto was the Toronto Arcade in downtown. The first shopping mall of the enclosed, automobile-centred design type was Yorkdale Shopping Centre, opened in 1964. For shopping malls surrounding the city of Toronto, please see the template at the bottom of this article.

neg: Strathfield Plaza Strathfield Plaza opened in 1981 and consists of a nine level commercial office tower, a single storey retail shopping centre along with a two level car park. The Plaza was the location of a mass shooting on 17 August 1991 known as the Strathfield massacre. The incident left eight dead and six wounded.

neg: Cataraqui Centre Cataraqui Centre, (formerly "Cataraqui Town Centre") is a shopping mall located in Kingston, Ontario, Canada. It is the largest mall in southeastern Ontario with over 141 stores. Its anchor stores are The Bay, and Sears. It also includes a major transfer point for Kingston Transit.

neg: Severna Park Mall Severna Park Mall was an enclosed shopping mall located in Severna Park, Maryland, on Maryland Route 2 (Ritchie Hwy). Since the demolition of the entire structure in 2000, the site has been occupied by a strip mall known as Severna Park Marketplace featuring Giant Foods, Kohl's, Office Depot, A.C. Moore, and several smaller stores.

neg: Eastwood Towne Center Eastwood Towne Center is an open-air shopping mall and lifestyle center located in Lansing Charter Township, Michigan, United States at the northwest corner of the intersection of Lake Lansing Road and U.S. 127. Its anchor stores include NCG Cinemas, Dick's Sporting Goods, DSW Shoe Warehouse, Schuler Books & Music, and Pottery Barn.

neg: Centerpoint Mall (Toronto) Centerpoint Mall ["sic"] (formerly Towne and Countrye Square) is a shopping mall located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada on the southwest corner of Steeles Avenue and Yonge Street in the former city of North York.

neg: Station Mall The Station Mall in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada, is the second largest shopping mall in Northern Ontario, trailing just behind the New Sudbury Centre in Greater Sudbury in area, while also lagging behind the Intercity Shopping Centre in Thunder Bay in number of stores. Station Mall has 97 stores and 555000 sqft of retail space on one level . Built in 1973, the mall has since undergone two major expansions. Its major tenants include Sears, Walmart and the 52000 sqft Galaxy Cinemas movie theatre complex. The mall is located on the waterfront in downtown Sault Ste. Marie, and is roughly five minutes away from the Sault Ste. Marie International Bridge to the United States. The Sault Ste. Marie railway station is located in the mall parking lot.


query: The first film released by production company Division Films was located where?

pos: Division Films Division Films is a Los Angeles-based film finance and production company established by Wicks Walker in 2012. The company's first film was "Spring Breakers" starring James Franco, Selena Gomez, Vanessa Hudgens and Ashley Benson. Walker and another producer greenlit the production after Benoît Debie was recruited as cinematographer to work alongside director Harmony Korine and with Selena Gomez added to the cast. "Spring Breakers" was selected for competition in the 69th Venice Film Festival and released worldwide in 2013.

pos: Spring Breakers Spring Breakers is a 2012 American crime film written and directed by Harmony Korine. It stars James Franco, Vanessa Hudgens, Selena Gomez, Ashley Benson and Rachel Korine and follows four college-aged girls on their spring break in Florida where they meet an eccentric local drug dealer named Alien who helps them in a time of desperation, and their eventual descent into a world of drugs, crime, and violence.

neg: MGM Television Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Television (alternatively Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Television and Digital Group (commonly known as MGM Television and then-known as MGM/UA Television) is an American television production/distribution studio launched in 1955 as a division of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.

neg: Celebration Cinema Celebration! Cinema (also known as Loeks Theatres, Inc. ) is a movie theater chain with headquarters in Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA. Its theatres serve the cities and surrounding areas of Grand Rapids, Lansing, Muskegon, Benton Harbor/St. Joseph, Portage/Kalamazoo, and Mount Pleasant. An average of 5.5 million customers will see movies annually via LTI's Celebration! Cinemas locations.

neg: Cinema of Kenya The cinema of Kenya refers to the film industry of Kenya. Although a very small industry in western comparison, Kenya has produced or been a location for film since the early 1950s when "Men Against the Sun" was filmed in 1952. Although, in the United States, jungle epics that were set in the country were shot in Hollywood as early as the 1940s.

neg: Vitagraph Studios Vitagraph Studios, also known as the Vitagraph Company of America, was a United States motion picture studio. It was founded by J. Stuart Blackton and Albert E. Smith in 1897 in Brooklyn, New York, as the American Vitagraph Company. By 1907 it was the most prolific American film production company, producing many famous silent films. It was bought by Warner Bros. in 1925.

neg: Omnifilm Entertainment Omnifilm Entertainment is an award winning television and film production company based in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Omnifilm produces content in a variety of genres including drama, factual, and lifestyle series and documentaries for the Canadian and international markets. With sister companies Omnifilm Post and Omnifilm Releasing, Omnifilm is a vertically integrated content company that handles the development, production, post-production, and distribution of its content worldwide.

neg: Combat Zone (studio) Combat Zone is a pornographic film production company headquartered in Chatsworth, California.

neg: Fortissimo Films Fortissimo Films was an international film, television and video sales organization specializing in the production, presentation, promotion and distribution of feature films, founded in 1991. With offices in Amsterdam, Hong Kong, London and Beijing, the company claimed to have a global presence and reach.

neg: American Cinema Releasing American Cinema Releasing (also known as American Cinema Productions, American Cinema Group, American Cinema International) is independent studio and distributor responsible for such films as "The Great Smokey Roadblock", "Good Guys Wear Black", and "A Force of One".

neg: RoadRunner (division) RoadRunner was a post-production firm based in Quezon City, Philippines. It is a division of Star Cinema. In addition to films, Roadrunner is also heavily engaged in the production of commercial advertisement for television, print and internet.

neg: First Row Features First Row Features is an American anthology series that premiered on the television network Nickelodeon in 1980 and continued to air until January 1982. It mainly carried British television films for children and family audiences, most of which were filmed in the 1950s–60s. It featured a claymation title sequence created in-house at Nickelodeon's temporary headquarters in Buffalo, New York. "First Row Features" was a predecessor to the similarly-formatted "Special Delivery", which debuted later in the same year and eventually replaced it.

neg: Victor Studios The Victor Film Company was a motion picture company formed in 1912 by movie star Florence Lawrence and her husband, Harry Solter. The company established Victor Studios in Fort Lee, New Jersey, when early film studios in America's first motion picture industry were based there at the beginning of the 20th century. At a time when actors received no screen credits, Carl Laemmle of the Independent Moving Pictures Company (IMP) had begun promoting Lawrence's name and image, making her into America's "First Movie Star."

neg: Roadshow Entertainment Roadshow Entertainment (formerly Roadshow Home Video) is a division of the Australian media company Village Roadshow (formerly Roadshow Home Video and Roadshow Entertainment). Notable releases include "First Blood", "Mad Max", "Gallipoli", and "The Terminator". Their first release was "Scanners". Like Rigby-CIC Video (defunct), RCA/Columbia Pictures/Hoyts Video and CEL Home Video (half of population replaced), Roadshow Entertainment is an independent video distributor in Australia and New Zealand.

neg: Digital Productions Digital Productions was a computer animation company in Los Angeles, California, that produced advertisements and special effects for films in the 1980s.

neg: Moving Day (2012 film) Moving Day is a Canadian comedy film, released in 2012. Directed by Mike Clattenburg and written by Clattenburg and Mike O'Neill, the film centres on four men working for a moving company in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia whose personal lives are as messy as their professional ones.

neg: Subdivision (film) Subdivision is an Australian feature film, which was released on 20 August 2009 throughout Australia.

neg: Sony Pictures Sony Pictures Entertainment Inc. (known simply as Sony Pictures and abbreviated as SPE) is an American entertainment company that produces, acquires and distributes filmed entertainment (theatrical motion pictures, television programs and recorded videos) through multiple platforms. It is currently operated as a subsidiary of Sony Film Holding Inc., a subsidiary of Sony Entertainment Inc., which is itself a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America, a subsidiary of Sony Americas Holding Inc., a subsidiary of the Tokyo-based multinational technology and media conglomerate Sony Corporation. Based in Culver City, California, it encompasses Sony's motion picture, television production and distribution units. Its group sales in the fiscal year 2015 (April 2015 – March 2016) has been reported to be of $8.3 billion.

neg: D-No Entertainment D-No Entertainment is a small film production company founded in 2001.

neg: Wicked Pixel Cinema Wicked Pixel Cinema is an independent film production company based in St. Louis, MO. It was founded by veteran filmmaker Eric Stanze in 1995. The company's first release was "Savage Harvest". Its first production was Ice from the Sun, followed by Scrapbook.

neg: First Born (film) First Born is a 2007 American drama film directed by Isaac Webb.

neg: Lionsgate Films Lionsgate Films (formerly known as Cinépix Film Properties) (logo styled as LIONSGATE) is an American film production/distribution studio and a division of Lionsgate. It is the largest and most successful mini-major film studio in North America. It focuses on foreign and independent films and has distributed various commercially successful film series, including "The Twilight Saga" (partially, via the firm's 2012 acquisition of "Twilight" distributor Summit Entertainment), "The Hunger Games", "The Divergent Series", "Saw", "Madea", and "The Expendables".


query: What modern Japanese martial art was developed by Morihei Ueshiba, often referred to as"the founder" "Kaiso" or "Ōsensei"?

pos: Morihei Ueshiba Morihei Ueshiba (植芝 盛平 , Ueshiba Morihei , December 14, 1883 – April 26, 1969) was a martial artist and founder of the Japanese martial art of Aikido. He is often referred to as "the founder" "Kaiso" (開祖 ) or "Ōsensei" (大先生/翁先生 ) , "Great Teacher".

pos: Aikido Aikido (Japanese: 合気道 , Hepburn: aikidō ) ] is a modern Japanese martial art developed by Morihei Ueshiba as a synthesis of his martial studies, philosophy, and religious beliefs. Aikido is often translated as "the way of unifying (with) life energy" or as "the way of harmonious spirit".

neg: Tadashi Abe Tadashi Abe (阿部 正 , Abe Tadashi ) (1926 – November 23, 1984) was the first aikido master to live and teach in the west. He began training in Aikido in Osaka in 1942 and went on to train directly under the founder of the art Morihei Ueshiba at Iwama as an uchideshi during World War II. In 1952, after graduating in law from Waseda University, he moved to France where he studied law at the Sorbonne and taught aikido as a 6th Dan representative of Aikikai Honbu. After seven years he returned to Japan. By 1964 he was a 7th dan black belt in aikido.

neg: Kaisando A kaisandō (開山堂 , kaisan-dō ) , also termed the Founder's Hall, is a temple structure in a Japanese Buddhist monastery complex or other temple where an image (or images) of the founding abbot and other significant teachers and Buddha ancestors are kept, along with a memorial slab (J. ihai). Sometimes also referred to as the Patriarch Hall (J. "soshido") or Reflection Hall (J. "Eishitsu"), this building holds memorial services yearly on the anniversary of the death of the founding abbot.

neg: Mitsusuke Harada Mitsusuke Harada, MBE (原田 満祐 , Harada Mitsusuke , born 16 November 1928) is a prominent Japanese master of Shotokai karate who introduced this martial art to Brazil and is now based in the United Kingdom. He founded the Karate-do Shotokai (KDS) organisation in 1965 and is its President. Harada holds the rank of 5th "dan", personally awarded by Gichin Funakoshi in 1956.

neg: Shōrinjiryū Kenkōkan Karate Shōrinjiryū Kenkōkan Karate (少林寺流拳行館唐手 ) is a style of karate founded by Kōri Hisataka (Seiki Kudaka in Okinawan) (1907–1988) shortly after World War II in Japan.

neg: Sunmudo Sunmudo (선무도 /禅武道 , literally "the way of war of the Seon") is a Korean Buddhist martial art based on Seon (also spelled Sun or Zen), which was revived during the 1970s and 1980s. The formal name of Sunmudo is "Bulgyo Geumgang Yeong Gwan" (Hangul: 불교금강영관 Hanja: 佛敎金剛靈觀). The name Sunmudo was given to this martial art in 1984 by the Buddhist monk Jeog Un (적운 스님).

neg: Hwa Rang Do Hwa Rang Do, also known as "The Way of the Flowering Knights" (Hangul: 화랑도 ; Hanja: 花郞道 ) is a comprehensive Korean martial art that was developed in the 1960s by Joo Bang Lee and his brother Joo Sang Lee. Hwa Rang Do as a martial art has multiple areas of focus including stand up fighting with open-hand striking, weapons, throws and takedowns, ground fighting, various types of meditative practices, intellectual and character development, and artistic and cultural pursuits.

neg: Takuma Hisa Takuma Hisa (久 琢磨 "Hisa Takuma", c.1895 – October 31, 1980) was a prominent Japanese martial artist, early student in Daito-ryu aiki-jujutsu of both Sokaku Takeda and aikido founder Morihei Ueshiba.

neg: Shinkage-ryū Shinkage-ryū (新陰流 ) meaning "new shadow school", is a traditional school ("koryū") of Japanese martial arts, founded by Kamiizumi Ise-no-Kami Nobutsuna (上泉 伊勢守 信綱, 1508–1578) in the mid-sixteenth century. Shinkage-ryū is primarily a school of swordsmanship ("kenjutsu" and "iaijutsu"), and is a synthesis of Nobutsuna's studies in the school of Kage-ryū (Aizu). Shinkage-ryu can also refer to Kashima derived schools such as Kashima Shinden Jikishinkage Ryu and Kashima Shin Ryu.

neg: Kenji Shimizu Kenji Shimizu (清水 健二 , Shimizu Kenji ) , b. 1940, is an aikido teacher and founder of the aikido style Tendo-ryu Aikido (天道流).

neg: Moriteru Ueshiba Moriteru Ueshiba (植芝 守央 , Ueshiba Moriteru , born April 2, 1951) is a Japanese master of aikido. He is a grandson of Morihei Ueshiba, founder of aikido, and son of Kisshomaru Ueshiba. Ueshiba is the third and current "Doshu" (hereditary head) of the Aikikai.

neg: Kashima Shrine Kashima Shrine (鹿島神宮 "Kashima Jingū") is a shrine dedicated to the Shinto Kami Takemikazuchi-no-Ōkami (武甕槌大神), one of the patron deities of martial arts. Various dojo (道場　"Dōjō") of kenjutsu (剣術) and kendo (剣道 "Kendō") sometimes display a Kakejiku (掛軸) hanging scroll emblazoned with Takemikazuchi-no-Ōkami. The shrine is located in Kashima, Ibaraki and is the home of Kashima Shintō-ryū (鹿島新当流). During the New Year period, from the first to the third of January, Kashima Shrine is visited by over 600,000 people from all over Japan. It is the second most visited shrine in Ibaraki prefecture (茨城県 "Ibaraki-ken") for new year pilgrims.

neg: Taijutsu Taijutsu (体術 , literally "body technique" or "body skill") is a Japanese blanket term for any combat skill, technique or system of martial art using body movements that are described as an empty-hand combat skill or system. The term is commonly used when referring to a traditional Japanese martial art but has also been used in the naming of modern martial arts such as Bujinkan Budo Taijutsu. Taijutsu is similar to Karate but is more focused on the body techniques. More specific names than taijutsu are typically used when describing a martial art, such as jujutsu (focusing on throwing, grappling, and submission), judo (focusing on throwing and grappling), aikido (focusing on throwing and joint locks) as well as karate and kenpō (focusing on striking).

neg: Ikkaku-ryū juttejutsu Ikkaku-ryū juttejutsu (一角流十手術) is a school of juttejutsu (or jittejutsu) that, as the equivalent to its sister variant Chūwa-ryū tankenjutsu (中和流短剣術), is taught alongside traditional school ("koryu") of Japanese martial arts, Shintō Musō-ryū. It is composed of 24 forms ("kata") divided into two series. It was created by the third Shintō Musō-ryū (SMR) Headmaster, Matsuzaki Kinu'emon Tsunekatsu in the late 17th century.

neg: Kosoto gari Kosoto Gari (小外刈 ) , is one of the original 40 throws of Judo as developed by Jigoro Kano. It belongs to the second group, Dai Nikyo, of the traditional throwing list, Gokyo (no waza), of Kodokan Judo. It is also part of the current 67 Throws of Kodokan Judo. It is classified as a foot technique, Ashi-waza. Danzan-ryū's Soto Gama is a variant of Kosoto Gari.

neg: The Canon of Judo The Canon of Judo is a book was originally published in 1956, and written by Kodokan 10th dan, Kyuzo Mifune (1883-1965). The book covers almost all of the Kodokan recognized techniques, adds variations and new techniques, including Do-Jime in passing as well. The book also describes fifteen Kata developed by Mifune to teach adaptation through reversal and counters. The book organizes the techniques differently from the official Kodokan Gokyo.

neg: Japanese painting Japanese painting (絵画 , kaiga, also gadō 画道) is one of the oldest and most highly refined of the Japanese visual arts, encompassing a wide variety of genres and styles. As with the history of Japanese arts in general, the long history of Japanese painting exhibits synthesis and competition between native Japanese aesthetics and the adaptation of imported ideas, mainly from Chinese painting which was especially influential at a number of points; significant Western influence only comes from the later 16th century onwards, beginning at the same time as Japanese art was influencing that of the West.

neg: Kage-ryū (Aizu) Kage-ryū (陰流 ) is a traditional school ("koryū") of swordsmanship ("kenjutsu") founded by Aizu Hyūga-no-Kami Iko (c.1452–1538) in c.1490. This school is also sometimes called Aizu Kage-ryū after the name of its founder. The founder was also known as Aizu Ikōsai Hisatada, and his surname is sometimes written as "Aisu" instead of "Aizu."

neg: Jukenpo Jūkenpo (柔拳法 , jūkenpo or sometimes jūkempo ) is a Japanese martial art. Its name can be translated as ""the Way of the soft fist"" or ""the soft boxing"".

neg: Kisaburo Osawa Kisaburo Osawa (Japanese: 大澤喜三郎 , Hepburn: Ōsawa Kisaburō , 1910 – May 26, 1991) was an influential aikido teacher who taught for many years at the Aikikai Hombu Dojo and was a close advisor to Kisshomaru Ueshiba.

neg: Niten Ichi-ryū Niten Ichi-ryū (二天一流 ) , which can be loosely translated as "the school of the strategy of two heavens as one", is a koryū (ancient school), transmitting a style of classical Japanese swordsmanship conceived by the warrior Miyamoto Musashi. Hyōhō Niten Ichi-ryū is mainly known for the two-sword—katana and wakizashi—kenjutsu techniques Musashi called "Niten Ichi" (二天一, "two heavens as one") or "Nitō Ichi" (二刀一, "two swords as one").


query: Who was the only writer that co-wrote both 'Goon' and 'Goon: Last of the Enforcers'?

pos: Goon: Last of the Enforcers Goon: Last of the Enforcers is a 2017 sports comedy film directed by Jay Baruchel in his directorial debut and written by Baruchel and Jesse Chabot. A sequel to "Goon" (2011), the film stars Seann William Scott, Baruchel, Liev Schreiber, Alison Pill, Elisha Cuthbert, Wyatt Russell, Marc-André Grondin and Kim Coates.

pos: Goon (film) Goon is a 2011 Canadian sports comedy film directed by Michael Dowse, written by Jay Baruchel and Evan Goldberg, and starring Seann William Scott, Jay Baruchel, Liev Schreiber, Alison Pill, Marc-André Grondin, Kim Coates and Eugene Levy. The main plot depicts an exceedingly nice but somewhat dimwitted man who becomes the enforcer for a minor league ice hockey team.

neg: Aaron McGruder Aaron Vincent McGruder (born May 29, 1974) is an American writer, lecturer, producer, screenwriter and cartoonist best known for writing and drawing "The Boondocks", a Universal Press Syndicate comic strip and its animated TV series adaptation for which he was the creator, executive producer, and head writer.

neg: John Vanderaart John Vanderaart (born John L.M. van der Aart, 18 November 1962, Amsterdam) (also known as "Doctor John" or "DRJ") is a Dutch games developer and writer.

neg: Daniel C. Mitchell Daniel C. Mitchell is an American screenwriter. In November 2010, it was announced that he will co-write the remake of the 1984 cult film, "The Toxic Avenger".

neg: James Clancy Phelan James Clancy Phelan (born 21 May 1979), known professionally as James Phelan, is an Australian writer of thrillers and young adult novels, including "Fox Hunt", "The Last 13" series for teens, and the Jed Walker and Lachlan Fox thrillers. He has also written short stories and the non-fiction book Literati.

neg: John Rzeznik John Joseph Theodore Rzeznik ( ; born December 5, 1965) is an American musician, singer-songwriter, and producer. He is best known as the guitarist and frontman of the rock band the Goo Goo Dolls, of which he is a founding member and with whom he has recorded eleven studio albums.

neg: Guy N. Smith Guy Newman Smith (born 21 November, 1939, Hopwas, Staffordshire) is a prolific English writer best known for his pulp fiction-style horror fiction, though he has also written non-fiction, softcore pornography, and children's literature.

neg: Jane Goldman Jane Loretta Anne Goldman (born 11 June 1970) is an English screenwriter, author and producer. She is mostly known for co-writing, with Matthew Vaughn, the screenplays of "" (2015) and its sequel "" (2017), based on the comic book series Kingsman created by Dave Gibbons and Mark Millar, as well as

neg: Joe Gooch Joe Gooch (born 3 May 1977) was Ten Years After's most recent lead vocalist and lead guitarist.

neg: Derrick Goold Derrick Goold (born July 21, 1975 in Elgin, Illinois) is an American author and award-winning sportswriter best known for his work for the "St. Louis Post-Dispatch". Goold has been honored for feature writing and investigative reporting for his work covering baseball, hockey and college athletics.

neg: Alex Cormack Alex Cormack (born October 8, 1982), is an American comic book illustrator. He has best known for his work on the "Oxymoron" series from ComixTribe and "I Play the Bad Guy" from Bliss on Tap Publishing.

neg: Jesse Moynihan Jesse Moynihan (born January 4, 1978) is an American artist, composer and director who is best known for being a writer and storyboard artist on the animated television series "Adventure Time" as well as being the creator of the graphic novel "Forming". He also released the animated short "Manly" exclusively through Cartoon Hangover, made with his brother Justin.

neg: Enforcers (comics) The Enforcers are a fictional team of villains appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.

neg: Gerard Jones Gerard Jones (born July 10, 1957) is an American writer, known primarily for his non-fiction and comic book work.

neg: Last Ditch Last Ditch is a detective novel by Ngaio Marsh; it is the twenty-ninth novel to feature Roderick Alleyn, and was first published in 1977. The plot concerns drug smuggling in the Channel Islands, and features Alleyn's son, Ricky, in a central role.

neg: Greg Weisman Greg Weisman (born September 28, 1963) is an American novelist and comic book and animation writer and producer, best known as the co-creator and producer of "Young Justice", the (uncredited) co-creator of "Gargoyles", the Supervising Producer of "The Spectacular Spider-Man". In addition, Weisman wrote the script for "", an animated short feature that is included on the DVD for the film, "". His first novel, "Rain of the Ghosts" was released on December 3, 2013. Its sequel, "Spirits of Ash and Foam" was released on July 8, 2014. Weisman was executive producer on the "Star Wars Rebels" animated series, alongside Dave Filoni and Simon Kinberg, but left the show after season one had been produced. In 2015, Weisman launched a KickStarter campaign to crowdfund $43,000 for a full-cast unabridged AudioPlay based on "Rain of the Ghosts". The project reached 100% of funding in less than a month, raising $54,022 (more 25% than its intended goal) backed by 512 pledges, and it stands as the most funded Young Adult project on KickStarter.

neg: Seann William Scott Seann William Scott (born October 3, 1976) is an American actor, comedian and producer. His most recognized roles are Steve Stifler in the "American Pie" film series (1999–2012) and Doug Glatt in both "Goon" (2011) and "" (2017). He has also starred in films including "Final Destination" (2000), "Road Trip" (2000), "Dude, Where's My Car?" (2000), "Evolution" (2001), "The Rundown" (2003), "The Dukes of Hazzard" (2005), "Role Models" (2008) and "Cop Out" (2010). He voiced Crash the opossum in four theatrical films and two television specials within the "Ice Age" series (2006–2016).

neg: Jason Henderson Jason Henderson (born 1971) is an American writer of computer games, novels and several comic book series.

neg: Sachs and Violens Sachs and Violens is a fictional comic book duo created by American writer Peter David and co-developed with George Pérez. They first appeared in a four-issue miniseries of the same name that was published by Marvel's Epic Comics imprint from 1993 to 1994. The series was part of the Heavy Hitters line, and featured a greater amount of violence and adult situations compared with mainstream comic books of the time (the title itself is an obvious play on the words "sex and violence"), and as such it was recommended for mature readers. The duo later appeared as supporting characters in David's other creator-owned series, "Fallen Angel".

neg: Tim Dann Timothy "Tim" Dann is a British voice-over artist, actor and writer. He is best known for his voice work on CITV, the comedy shows Hedz & OOglies. He also co-created and wrote OOglies with fellow writers Nick Hopkin & Austin Low. In 2009, he also provided the voice of the Total Intelligence Mechanism in the CBBC series Wait For It..!.

neg: Greydon Clark Greydon Clark (born February 7, 1943) is an American screenwriter, director, producer, and actor. His career spans several decades and genres, although the majority of his work has been low-budget productions in the action/horror genres. His most recent work was writing and directing the 1998 science fiction film "Stargames".


query: When was the Swiss professional tennis player born who won the singles title in The 2002 Toray Pan Pacific Open?

pos: 2002 Toray Pan Pacific Open The 2002 Toray Pan Pacific Open was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts. It was the 19th edition of the Toray Pan Pacific Open, and was part of the Tier I Series of the 2002 WTA Tour. It took place at the Tokyo Metropolitan Gymnasium in Tokyo, Japan, from January 26 through February 3, 2002. Martina Hingis won the singles title.

pos: Martina Hingis Martina Hingis (born 30 September 1980) is a Swiss professional tennis player, a former world No. 1 singles player and currently ranked world No. 2 in doubles by the WTA. She has spent a total of 209 weeks as the singles No. 1 and has won five Grand Slam singles titles, thirteen Grand Slam women's doubles titles, winning a calendar-year doubles Grand Slam in 1998, and seven Grand Slam mixed doubles titles; for a combined total of twenty-five major titles. In addition, she has won the season-ending WTA Championships two times in singles and three times in doubles, and an Olympic silver medal.

neg: Emmanuelle Gagliardi Emmanuelle Gagliardi (born 9 July 1976) is a retired professional Swiss tennis player.

neg: 2002 Swisscom Challenge The 2002 Swisscom Challenge was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 19th edition of the event known as the Zurich Open, and was part of the Tier I Series of the 2002 WTA Tour. It took place at the Schluefweg in Zürich, Switzerland, from 13 October through 20 October 2002. Unseeded Patty Schnyder won the singles title.

neg: Bastian Trinker Bastian Trinker (born 11 May 1990) is an Austrian professional tennis player. He competes mainly in the ITF circuit, where he has eight singles titles and three doubles titles.

neg: Marcel Granollers Marcel Granollers Pujol (] , ] ; born 12 April 1986) is a tennis player from Spain who turned professional in 2003. He reached his career-high singles ranking of World No. 19 in July 2012, and his highest doubles ranking of World No. 4 in February 2013. Granollers has won 4 singles titles and 13 doubles titles, including the 2012 ATP World Tour Finals. His brother Gerard Granollers is also a tennis player.

neg: Jérémy Chardy Jérémy Chardy (] ; born 12 February 1987) is a French professional tennis player. He has won one singles title at Stuttgart in 2009, reached the quarterfinals of the 2013 Australian Open and achieved a career-high singles ranking of world No. 25 in January 2013.

neg: Juan Mónaco Juan Mónaco (] ; born 29 March 1984), nicknamed "Pico", is a male former tennis player from Argentina. He won nine singles titles, reached the semifinals of the 2010 Shanghai Masters and the 2012 Miami Masters, and achieved a career-high singles ranking of world no. 10 in July 2012. He announced his retirement from professional tennis on 15th May, 2017.

neg: 2013 Toray Pan Pacific Open The 2013 Toray Pan Pacific Open was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 30th edition of the Toray Pan Pacific Open, and part of the Premier Series of the 2013 WTA Tour. It took place at the Ariake Coliseum in Tokyo, Japan, from September 22 through 28, 2013. Petra Kvitová won the singles title.

neg: 2001 Stuttgart Masters The 2001 Stuttgart Masters was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 13th edition of the event known that year as the Tennis Masters Series–Stuttgart or Stuttgart Masters, and was part of the Tennis Masters Series events of the 2001 ATP Tour. It took place at the Hanns-Martin-Schleyer-Halle in Stuttgart, Germany, from 15 to 22 October 2001. Tommy Haas won the singles title.

neg: Sébastien Grosjean Sébastien René Grosjean (] ; born 29 May 1978) is a retired tennis player from France. His career-high ATP singles ranking was world No. 4, achieved in October 2002. Grosjean retired from tennis on 27 May 2010.

neg: 2011 Toray Pan Pacific Open – Singles The 2011 Toray Pan Pacific Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 28th edition of the Toray Pan Pacific Open, and was part of the Premier Series of the 2011 WTA Tour. It took place at the Ariake Coliseum in Tokyo, Japan, from September 26 through October 2, 2011.

neg: Sebastián Prieto Sebastián Prieto (born May 19, 1975, in Buenos Aires) is a professional tennis player from Argentina.

neg: 2005 Toray Pan Pacific Open The 2005 Toray Pan Pacific Open was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts. It was the 22nd edition of the Toray Pan Pacific Open, and was part of the Tier I Series of the 2005 WTA Tour. It took place at the Tokyo Metropolitan Gymnasium in Tokyo, Japan, from January 28 through February 6, 2005. Maria Sharapova won the singles title.

neg: Chang Kai-chen Chang Kai-chen (; born January 13, 1991) is a Taiwanese tennis player.

neg: Chen Yi (tennis) Chen Yi (; born November 12, 1986, in Taipei) is a professional tennis player.

neg: Petra Jauch-Delhees Petra Jauch-Delhees (born 28 March 1959), born Petra Delhees, is a former professional tennis player from Switzerland.

neg: Olivier Patience Olivier Patience (born 25 March 1980) is a French professional tennis player. His career high Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) singles ranking was world no. 87, on 19 July 2004. During 2006, Patience won three ATP Challenger Series tournaments. He reached the third round at the 2004 Australian Open and 2007 French Open. In the latter, he defeated Jonathan Eysseric in the first round in four sets, and then Mariano Zabaleta, 7–5, 6–3, 3–6, 2–6, 6–4, eventually losing to Novak Djoković in five sets, 6–7, 6–2, 6–3, 6–7, 3–6.

neg: Amra Sadiković Amra Sadiković (Macedonian: Амра Садиковиќ ; born 6 May 1989 in Prilep, Macedonia) is a Swiss tennis player. She announced her retirement in May 2014, a few days after her 25th birthday, only to begin playing on the ITF Women's Circuit again 13 months later.

neg: Luca Margaroli Luca Margaroli (born 15 February 1992 in Brescia) is a Swiss tennis player.

neg: Tati Rascón Juan Luis "Tati" Rascón Lope (born 2 March 1971) is a Spanish professional tennis player.

neg: Yi Chu-huan Yi Chu-huan (; born 31 August 1987) is a Taiwanese tennis player playing on the ATP Challenger Tour. On 11 January 2011, he reached his highest ATP singles ranking of 389 and his highest doubles ranking of 176 achieved on 9 July 2012.