query: Judith of Bavaria's husband was king of what country 875 to 877?

pos: Charles the Bald Charles the Bald (13 June 823 – 6 October 877) was the King of West Francia (843–77), King of Italy (875–77) and Holy Roman Emperor (875–77, as Charles II). After a series of civil wars during the reign of his father, Louis the Pious, Charles succeeded by the Treaty of Verdun (843) in acquiring the western third of the Carolingian Empire. He was a grandson of Charlemagne and the youngest son of Louis the Pious by his second wife, Judith.

pos: Judith of Bavaria (died 843) Queen Judith (797– 19 April 843), also known as Judith of Bavaria, was the daughter of Count Welf of Bavaria and Saxon noblewoman, Hedwig. She was the second wife of Louis the Pious, King of the Franks and Emperor of the Romans, which brought her the titles of queen and empress. Marriage to Louis marked the beginning of her rise as an influential figure in the Carolingian court. She had two children with Louis, a daughter Gisela and a son, Charles the Bald. The birth of her son led to a major dispute over the imperial succession, and tensions between her and Charles' half-brothers from Louis' first marriage. She would eventually fall from grace when Charles' wife, the new empress Ermentrude of Orléans, rose to power. She was buried in 846 in Tours.

neg: Henry the Fowler Henry the Fowler (German: "Heinrich der Finkler" or "Heinrich der Vogler "; Latin: "Henricus Auceps" ) (876 – 2 July 936) was the duke of Saxony from 912 and the elected king of East Francia (Germany) from 919 until his death in 936. As the first non-Frankish king, he established the Ottonian Dynasty of kings and emperors, he is generally considered to be the founder and first king of the medieval German state, known until then as East Francia. An avid hunter, he obtained the epithet "the Fowler" because he was allegedly fixing his birding nets when messengers arrived to inform him that he was to be king. By his death in July 936 Henry had prevented collapse of royal power, as had happened in West Francia, and left a much stronger kingdom to his successor Otto I. Henry died on 2 July 936 in his royal palace in Memleben, one of his favourite places. He was buried at Quedlinburg Abbey, established by his wife Matilda in his honor.

neg: Countess Palatine Margaret of Mosbach Countess Palatine Margaret of Mosbach (2 March 1432 – 14 September 1457) was the eldest daughter of Count Palatine Otto I of Mosbach and his wife, Johanna of Bavaria-Landshut. She married on 11 July 1446 to Count Reinhard III of Hanau, who succeeded his father as ruling Count in 1451.

neg: Æthelswith Æthelswith (c. 838–888) was the only known daughter of King Æthelwulf of Wessex. She became Queen Æthelswith when she married King Burgred of Mercia in 853. The couple had no issue. Her marriage probably signalled the subordination of Burgred to his father-in-law and the Saxon kingdom at a time when both Wessex and Mercia were suffering Danish (Viking) raids. Burgred also had ongoing problems with the Kingdom of Powys on his western border and in 853 Æthelwulf subjugated the Welsh state on Burgred's behalf.

neg: Margaret of Bavaria Margaret of Bavaria, (1363–23 January 1423, Dijon), was Duchess consort of Burgundy by marriage to John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy. She was the regent of the Burgundian Low countries during the absence of her spouse in 1404–1419 and the regent in French Burgundy during the absence of her son in 1419–1423. She became most known for her successful defense of French Burgundy against John IV, Count of Armagnac in 1419.

neg: Luitpoldings The Luitpoldings were a medieval dynasty which ruled the German stem duchy of Bavaria from some time in the late ninth century off and on until 985.

neg: Rudolph, Count of Ponthieu Count Rudolph (or Rudolf) of Ponthieu (died 866) was son of Welf (also Hwelf or Welf I) and brother of Judith of Bavaria, wife of Emperor Louis the Pious. Through Judith's influence her brother Rudolph acquired and became Lay Abbot of the Abbey's of Saint Riquier and Jumieges.

neg: William II, Duke of Bavaria Duke William II of Bavaria-Straubing KG (5 April 1365—31 May 1417) was also count William IV of Holland, count William VI of Hainaut and count William V of Zeeland. He ruled from 1404 until 1417, when he died from an infection caused by a dog bite. William was a son of Albert I and Margaret of Brieg.

neg: Duchy of Bavaria The Duchy of Bavaria (German: "Herzogtum Bayern") was, from the sixth through the eighth century, a frontier region in the southeastern part of the Merovingian kingdom. It was settled by Bavarian tribes and ruled by dukes ("duces") under Frankish overlordship. A new duchy was created from this area during the decline of the Carolingian Empire in the late ninth century. It became one of the stem duchies of the East Frankish realm which evolved as the Kingdom of Germany and the Holy Roman Empire.

neg: Judith of Brittany Judith of Brittany, also called Judith of Rennes (982–1017), was Duchess of Normandy from  1000 until her death.

neg: Aribo of Austria Aribo (or Arbo;  850 – after 909) was margrave ("comes terminalis", "frontier count") of the Carolingian March of Pannonia from 871 until his death. He is recognised as a progenitor of the Aribonid dynasty.

neg: Margaret of France, Queen of England and Hungary Margaret of France (1157 – 18 September 1197) was, by her two marriages, queen of England, Hungary and Croatia.

neg: Gilbert, Duke of Lorraine Gilbert (or Giselbert) (c. 890 – 2 October 939) was the duke of Lotharingia (or Lorraine) until 939. his one grandmother was a daughter of emperor Lothair I.

neg: Joanna of Bavaria Joanna of Bavaria (c. 1362 – 31 December 1386), a member of the House of Wittelsbach, was German queen from 1376 and Queen of Bohemia from 1378 until her death, by her marriage with the Luxembourg king Wenceslaus.

neg: Rupert, King of Germany Rupert of the Palatinate (German: "Ruprecht von der Pfalz" ; 5 May 1352 – 18 May 1410), a member of the House of Wittelsbach, was Elector Palatine from 1398 (as Rupert III) and King of Germany "(rex Romanorum)" from 1400 until his death.

neg: Beatrice of Bavaria Beatrice of Bavaria (1344 – 25 December 1359); Swedish: "Beatrix" ; was Queen of Sweden by marriage to King Eric XII, who co-ruled with his father, King Magnus IV.

neg: Emma of Italy Emma of Italy ("Emma d'Italie"; born c. 948) was the Queen of Western Francia as the wife of King Lothair, whom she married in 965. Their son, Louis V, was the last Carolingian King.

neg: Frederick V of the Palatinate Frederick V (German: "Friedrich V." ; 26 August 1596 – 29 November 1632) was the Elector Palatine of the Rhine in the Holy Roman Empire from 1610 to 1623, and served as King of Bohemia from 1619 to 1620. He was forced to abdicate both roles, and the brevity of his reign in Bohemia earned him the derisive nickname of "the Winter King" (Czech: "Zimní král"; German: "Winterkönig").

neg: Louis the Blind Louis the Blind ( 880 – 5 June 928 ) was the king of Provence from 11 January 887, King of Italy from 12 October 900, and briefly Holy Roman Emperor, as Louis III, between 901 and 905. He was the son of Boso, the usurper king of Provence, and Ermengard, a daughter of the Emperor Louis II. Through his father, he was a Bosonid, but through his mother, a Carolingian. He was blinded after a failed invasion of Italy in 905.

neg: Kingdom of Bohemia The Kingdom of Bohemia, sometimes in English literature referred to as the Czech Kingdom (Czech: "České království" ; German: "Königreich Böhmen" ; Latin: "Regnum Bohemiae" , sometimes Latin: "Regnum Czechorum" ), was a medieval and early modern monarchy in Central Europe, the predecessor of the modern Czech Republic. It was an Imperial State in the Holy Roman Empire, and the Bohemian king was a prince-elector of the empire. The kings of Bohemia, besides Bohemia, ruled also the Lands of the Bohemian Crown, which at various times included Moravia, Silesia, Lusatia and parts of Saxony, Brandenburg and Bavaria.

neg: Conrad III of Germany Conrad III (1093 – 15 February 1152) was the first King of Germany of the Hohenstaufen dynasty. He was the son of Duke Frederick I of Swabia and Agnes, a daughter of the Salian Emperor Henry IV.


query: Which genus of plant is found in more location around the world, Peniocereus or Manettia ?

pos: Peniocereus Peniocereus is a genus of vining cacti, comprising about 18 species, found from the southwestern United States and Mexico. They have a large underground tuber, thin and inconspicuous stems.

pos: Manettia Manettia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. There are between 80 and 123 species. They are distributed in the West Indies, Mexico, and Central and South America. Most are vines. The genus was named after Saverio Manetti.

neg: Saverio Manetti Francesco Saverio Manetti also spelt Xaviero or Xaverio Manetti (Latinized as Franciscus Xaverius Manetti civis Florentinus) (12 November 1723 – 12 November 1785) was an Italian physician, botanist and ornithologist. Among his works is the treatise on birds, "Ornithologia methodice digesta" or "Storia naturale degli uccelli" (1776). The plant genus "Manettia" was named in his honour by Carolus Linnaeus.

neg: Psychotria Psychotria is a genus of flowering plants in the Rubiaceae family. It contains around 1,850 species and is therefore one of the largest genera of flowering plants. The genus has a pantropical distribution and members of the genus are small understorey trees in tropical forests. Some species are endangered or facing extinction due to deforestation, especially species of central Africa and the Pacific.

neg: Nivenioideae Nivenioideae subfamily is one of the two main subfamilies in the popular Iridaceae family. It contains seven genera, from South Africa, Australia and Madagascar, including the only true shrubs in the family ("Klattia", "Nivenia" and "Witsenia"), It also includes "Aristea", "Cleanthe", Patersonia and also "Geosiris", which was in its own family until being re-assessed.

neg: Parietaria Parietaria is a genus of flowering plants in the family Urticaceae, native to temperate and tropical regions across the world.

neg: Merciera Merciera is a genus of plants in the Campanulaceae. It contains 6 known species, all endemic to Cape Province in South Africa.

neg: Rafflesia Rafflesia is a genus of parasitic flowering plants. It contains approximately 28 species (including four incompletely characterized species as recognized by Willem Meijer in 1997), all found in southeastern Asia, mainly in Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand and the Philippines.

neg: Cleyera Cleyera is a plant genus consisting of 18 species of tender, evergreen shrubs to small trees, mostly native to Mexico and Central America, and one from Eastern Asia. In the APG III system it is placed in the family Pentaphylacaceae.

neg: Mascagnia Mascagnia is a genus in the Malpighiaceae, a family of about 75 genera of flowering plants in the order Malpighiales. "Mascagnia" comprises ca. 45 species that occur from northern Mexico to northern Argentina and southeastern Brazil and in the Caribbean in diverse habitats.

neg: Pratia Pratia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, native to Asia, Australia and New Zealand.

neg: Penium Penium is a genus of green algae, and the sole member of the family Peniaceae. The genus contains about 39 species.

neg: Myrsine Myrsine is a genus of flowering plants in the family Primulaceae. It was formerly placed in the family Myrsinaceae before this was merged into the Primulaceae. It is found nearly worldwide, primarily in tropical and subtropical areas. It contains about 200 species, including several notable radiations, such as the matipo of New Zealand and the kōlea of Hawaiʻ i (the New Zealand "black matipo", "Pittosporum tenuifolium", is not related to "Myrsine"). In the United States, members of this genus are known as colicwood. Some species, especially "M. africana", are grown as ornamental shrubs.

neg: Tibouchina Tibouchina Aubl. is a Neotropical flowering plant genus in Melastomataceae Juss. that contains approximately 240 species. Species of this genus are herbs, shrubs or trees and typically have purple flowers. They are native to Mexico, the Caribbean, and South America where they are found as far south as northern Argentina. Members of this genus are known as glory bushes, glory trees or princess flowers. The name "Tibouchina" is adapted from a Guianan indigenous name for a member of this genus . A recent systematic study has shown that this genus is paraphyletic.

neg: Hedyotis lessertiana Hedyotis lessertiana is a species of flowering plant in the coffee family, endemic to Sri Lanka.

neg: Penetes Penetes is a monotypic butterfly genus in the Nymphalidae family. Its single species Penetes pamphanis is a large butterfly native to south-eastern Brazil.

neg: Erythrina fusca Erythrina fusca is a species of flowering tree in the legume family, Fabaceae. It is known by many common names, including purple coraltree, gallito, bois immortelle, bucayo, and the more ambiguous "bucare" and "coral bean". "E. fusca" has the widest distribution of any "Erythrina" species; it is the only one found in both the New and Old World. It grows on coasts and along rivers in tropical Asia, Oceania, the Mascarene Islands, Madagascar, Africa, and the Neotropics.

neg: Merumea Merumea is a genus of flowering plants in the Rubiaceae family. It is native to the Guiana Shield.

neg: Podistera Podistera is a genus of flowering plants in the carrot family. The four species are native to western North America, where they grow in high mountains and northern latitudes. They are compact, mat-forming perennial herbs with a low, clumpy habit common among plants growing in harsh, exposed, cold, dry habitat.

neg: Acleisanthes Acleisanthes is a genus of flowering plants in the "Bougainvillea" family, Nyctaginaceae. There are currently 16 species. The generic name is derived from the Greek words ακλειοτος ("akleistos"), meaning "not closed," and ανθος ("anthos"), meaning "flower." Plants of this genus are known commonly as trumpets due to the elongated, open-ended shape of their flowers. These are arid-adapted perennials with thick taproots which are usually compact and low to the ground or slightly ascending. An individual plant may have cleistogamous (unopening and self-pollinating) flowers as well as opening flowers which are usually nocturnal as a water-saving adaptation and are pollinated by night-flying or crepuscular insects such as hawkmoths. Flowers are usually white, sometimes yellow. These plants are native to the Chihuahuan and Sonoran Deserts of Mexico and the United States.

neg: Brugmansia Brugmansia is a genus of seven species of flowering plants in the family Solanaceae. They are woody trees or shrubs, with pendulous flowers, and have no spines on their fruit. Their large, fragrant flowers give them their common name of angel's trumpets, a name sometimes used for the closely related genus "Datura". (Datura differs from Brugmansia in that they are herbaceous bushes, with erect rather than pendulous flowers - and most have spines on their fruit).

neg: Orania (plant) Orania is a genus of the Arecaceae family of palm trees, and includes flowering plants native to Southeast Asia, Madagascar, and New Guinea.


query: Which hospital has more beds, Children's National Medical Center or MedStar Washington Hospital Center?

pos: Children's National Medical Center Children’s National Medical Center (formerly DC Children’s Hospital) is ranked among the top 10 children’s hospitals in the country by "U.S. News & World Report." Located just north of the McMillan Reservoir and Howard University, it shares grounds with Washington Hospital Center, National Rehabilitation Hospital, and the DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Kurt Newman, M.D., has served as the president and chief executive officer of Children’s National since 2011. Children's National is a not-for-profit institution that performs more than 450,000 visits each year. Featuring 303 beds and a Level IV NICU, Children's National is the regional referral center for pediatric emergency, trauma, cancer, cardiac and critical care as well as neonatology, orthopaedic surgery, neurology and neurosurgery.

pos: MedStar Washington Hospital Center MedStar Washington Hospital Center is the largest private hospital in Washington, D.C. A member of MedStar Health, the not-for-profit Hospital Center is licensed for 926 beds. Health services in primary, secondary and tertiary care are offered to adult and neonatal patients. It also serves as a teaching hospital for Georgetown University School of Medicine.

neg: University of Washington Medical Center The University of Washington Medical Center is a nationally renowned hospital located along the Montlake Cut and Portage Bay in the University District of Seattle, Washington, USA. It is one of the teaching hospitals affiliated with the University of Washington School of Medicine. With the addition of the state-of-the-art eight story "Montlake Tower" which opened up in September 2012, the UWMC grew from 450 beds to over 570. The 210 million dollar addition offers additional Oncology, Neonatal, Transplant and ICU and Radiological Imagining space.

neg: Mary Bridge Children's Hospital Mary Bridge Children's Hospital is a pediatric hospital located in Tacoma, Washington. It is a 82-bed facility and a state-designated level II pediatric trauma center. Mary Bridge was established in 1955 by members of Tacoma Orthopedic Association, a women's volunteer group established in 1921. Members of the Tacoma Orthopedic Association saw a need for a specialized pediatric health care center in Tacoma. Key funding came from the estate of Dr. Albert W. Bridge, a physician who practiced in Eatonville, Washington and later also opened a clinic in Tacoma. The hospital was named for his mother, Mary.

neg: University of Minnesota Children's Hospital University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital (formerly known as Amplatz Children's Hospital) is a hospital located on the west bank of the Mississippi River in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The hospital is affiliated with the University of Minnesota Medical School. It provides pediatric programs including pediatric general surgery, imaging, and neonatal and pediatric intensive care to cardiac and oncology services, blood and marrow transplant, bone marrow, and organ transplantation. The hospital also includes Minnesota’s only children's behavioral inpatient unit and programming that focuses on children ages 12 and younger.

neg: Children's Country Home The Children's Country Home, also known as the Hospital for Sick Children, is a historic building located in Washington, D.C.'s Woodridge neighborhood.

neg: San Juan Regional Medical Center San Juan Regional Medical Center is a 194 bed, Level III Trauma Center that provides healthcare to the Four Corners region of New Mexico, Arizona, Utah and Colorado, in the United States. In October 2010, SJRMC received a three-year accreditation by Det Norske Veritas (DNV).

neg: Nakasero Hospital Nakasero Hospital Limited (NHL), commonly referred to as Nakasero Hospital, is a private, for profit hospital in Kampala, the capital of Uganda and the largest city in that country. The hospital is one of five private upscale hospitals in the city; the others being International Hospital Kampala in Namuwongo, Paragon Hospital in Bugoloobi, Case Medical Centre in Kampala Central Division and Kampala Hospital in Kololo.

neg: Children's Hospital of Philadelphia The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) is a children's hospital in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, with its primary campus located in the University City neighborhood of West Philadelphia next to the campus of the University of Pennsylvania. It is one of the largest and oldest children's hospitals in the world, and United States' first hospital dedicated to the healthcare of children. CHOP has been ranked as the best children's hospital in the United States by "U.S. News & World Report" and "Parents Magazine" in recent years. As of 2012, it was ranked number one in the nation by U.S. News for six out of ten specialties. The hospital is located next to the University of Pennsylvania and its physicians serve as the pediatrics department of the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania.

neg: Tucson Medical Center Tucson Medical Center (TMC), licensed at 641 beds, is a locally governed nonprofit regional hospital in Tucson, Arizona. The medical center treats about 30,000 inpatients and 120,000 outpatients annually as well as around 6,000 births.

neg: Silverton Hospital Silverton Hospital is a non-profit regional hospital located in Silverton, Oregon. Founded in 1917, the 48-bed facility moved to its current location in 1938. The hospital includes a Level IV trauma center, a 24-hour emergency room, a birth center, and diagnostic imaging.

neg: Pál Heim Children's Hospital Pál Heim Children's Hospital (Hungarian: "Heim Pál Gyermekkórház" ) is a children's hospital spread out in several locations in Budapest, Hungary.

neg: Shoe4Africa Childrens Hospital The Shoe4Africa Children's Hospital is the first dedicated public children's hospital of its kind in East & Central Africa. Groundbreaking took place on December 31, 2012, construction began on July 7, 2013, and the foundation stone was set on August 21, 2013. The 105-bed hospital was opened for business on 12 August 2015. The institution is a teaching hospital partnering with the Moi University. The site is in the center of Eldoret, the capital of Uasin Gishu county, Kenya. This hospital seeks to help an under-served community where one in one in eight children die before their 5th birthday and 2/3rds of these deaths are from treatable/preventable diseases. 80% of these children will have never seen a healthcare provider in their short life. With ISO 9001:2008 status and 105-beds the hospital aims to bring quality healthcare to the public sector.

neg: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS), formerly the Mount Sinai School of Medicine (MSSM), is an American medical school in the New York City borough of Manhattan in the state of New York. Chartered by Mount Sinai Hospital in 1963, the ISMMS is one of the foremost medical schools in the United States, in 2014, ranked 20th in research according to "U.S. News & World Report", 18th in NIH funding among U.S Medical Schools (2014), and 3rd in NIH funding per primary investigator. In 2017, the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai ranks 22nd in research according to "U.S. News & World Report", 13th in NIH funding among U.S Medical Schools (2017), and 2nd in NIH funding per primary investigator.

neg: Norton Children's Hospital Norton Children's Hospital, formerly Kosair Children's Hospital, is a hospital in Louisville, Kentucky. Established in 1892 as Children's Free Hospital, it is part of Norton Healthcare. It is ranked among the top 50 children's hospitals in the country and nationally ranked in six categories:

neg: Renown Regional Medical Center Renown Regional Medical Center (formerly Washoe Medical Center) is part of Renown Health (formerly Washoe Health System), a non-profit hospital in Reno, Nevada. It is Renown Health's flagship hospital and the region's only level II trauma center. Renown Regional facilitates the area's only dedicated children's hospital, Renown Children's Hospital. The hospital was founded in 1876.

neg: Childrens Hospital Childrens Hospital (originally titled Children's Hospital as webisodes) is a satirical American comedy television series and web series that parodies the medical drama genre, created by and starring actor/comedian Rob Corddry. The series began on the web on TheWB.com with ten episodes, roughly five minutes in length, all of which premiered on December 8, 2008. Adult Swim picked up the rights to the show in 2009 and began airing episodes in 2010.

neg: Wilson Medical Center (North Carolina) Wilson Medical Center is a 294-bed hospital located in Wilson, North Carolina, serving Wilson and the surrounding counties. It was established in the 1960s and is the only hospital located in Wilson County. The hospital's chief executive is Bill Caldwell.

neg: George Washington University Hospital The George Washington University Hospital is located in Washington, D.C. in the United States. It is affiliated with the George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences. The current facility opened on August 23, 2002, with 371 beds in a 400,000 sq. ft. building, housing more than $45 million of medical equipment and costing over $96 million to construct. The hospital is licensed by the District of Columbia Department of Consumer and Regulatory Affairs and accredited by the U.S. Joint Commission.

neg: Asante Three Rivers Medical Center Asante Three Rivers Medical Center (TRMC; formerly known as Three Rivers Community Hospital, TRCH) is a 125-bed general acute care hospital located in Grants Pass in the U.S. state of Oregon. TRMC was built as a merger between two hospitals, Josephine Memorial (General) Hospital and Southern Oregon Medical Center in 2001.

neg: Texas Children's Cancer Center Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers is the largest pediatric oncology and blood disease center in the United States. The 2017-2018 edition of U.S. News & World Report ranked Texas Children's Hospital among the top 4 best children's hospitals in the United States and #4 in the subspecialty of pediatric cancer. It is located in Houston, Texas.

neg: Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario The Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) (French: Centre hospitalier pour enfants de l'est de l'Ontario) is a major children's hospital and university teaching hospital in Ottawa, Ontario, serving Eastern Ontario and western Quebec. CHEO is also a trauma centre for children in Eastern Ontario and one of five in Canada (others being The Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Alberta Children's Hospital in Calgary, Stollery Children's Hospital in Edmonton, BC Children's Hospital in Vancouver and IWK Health Centre in Halifax). It is affiliated with The Ottawa Hospital and the University of Ottawa, and is funded by the provincial Government of Ontario. The Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario first opened its doors on May 17, 1974, and is located at 401 Smyth Road.


query: What was the name of Stephen Wolfram's book that referenced Wolfram's 2-state 3-symbol Turning machine?

pos: Wolfram's 2-state 3-symbol Turing machine In his book "A New Kind of Science", Stephen Wolfram described a universal 2-state 5-color Turing machine, and conjectured that a particular 2-state 3-symbol Turing machine (hereinafter (2,3) Turing machine) might be universal as well.

pos: Stephen Wolfram Stephen Wolfram (born 29 August 1959) is a British-American computer scientist, physicist, and businessman. He is known for his work in computer science, mathematics, and in theoretical physics. He is the author of the book "A New Kind of Science." In 2012 he was named an inaugural fellow of the American Mathematical Society.

neg: Reversible computing Reversible computing is a model of computing where the computational process to some extent is reversible, "i.e.", time-invertible. In a model of computation that uses deterministic transitions from one state of the abstract machine to another, a necessary condition for reversibility is that the relation of the mapping from states to their successors must be one-to-one. Reversible computing is generally considered an unconventional form of computing.

neg: Schrödinger's Kittens and the Search for Reality Schrödinger's Kittens and the Search for Reality is a 1995 book by John Gribbin, in which Gribbin attempts to explain the mysteries of modern quantum mechanics in a popular-scientific way. It is a sequel to his earlier book, "In Search of Schrödinger's Cat" (1984).

neg: L – A Mathemagical Adventure L – A Mathemagical Adventure is an educational adventure game that was created for the BBC/Acorn class of computers in 1984. It was written by members of the Association of Teachers of Mathematics and found its way into school computers, predominantly in the UK. The game is controlled by a contemporaneous two-word input system in the form of "«a href="verb">verb</a» «a href="noun">noun</a»", e.g. "get book", and includes several mathematical and logical puzzles. The target audience for L is mid-late primary (elementary) school children, and the puzzles are based on this level of critical thinking.

neg: Automatic sequence In mathematics and theoretical computer science, an automatic sequence (also called a k"-automatic sequence or a k"-recognizable sequence when one wants to indicate that the base of the numerals used is "k") is an infinite sequence of terms characterized by a finite automaton. The "n"-th term of an automatic sequence "a"("n") is a mapping of the final state reached in a finite automaton accepting the digits of the number "n" in some fixed base "k".

neg: Wolfram Language The Wolfram Language, a general multi-paradigm programming language developed by Wolfram Research, is the programming language of mathematical symbolic computation program Mathematica and the Wolfram Programming Cloud. It emphasizes symbolic computation, functional programming, and rule-based programming and can employ arbitrary structures and data.

neg: Algorithmic state machine The algorithmic state machine (ASM) method is a method for designing finite state machines. It is used to represent diagrams of digital integrated circuits. The ASM diagram is like a state diagram but less formal and thus easier to understand. An ASM chart is a method of describing the sequential operations of a digital system.

neg: Tools for Thought Tools for Thought: The History and Future of Mind-Expanding Technology is a work of "retrospective futurism" in which Smart Mobs author Howard Rheingold looked at the history of computing and then attempted to predict what the networked world might look like in the mid-1990s. The book covers the groundbreaking work of thinkers like Alan Turing, John von Neumann, and J.C.R. Licklider, as well as Xerox PARC, Apple Computer, and Microsoft (when Microsoft was "aiming for the hundred-million-dollar category"). Rheingold wrote that the impetus behind "Tools for Thought" was to understand where "mind-amplifying technology" was going by understanding where it came from.

neg: Automatic Computing Engine The Automatic Computing Engine (ACE) was an early electronic stored-program computer designed by Alan Turing. The project was managed by John R. Womersley, superintendent of the Mathematics Division of the National Physical Laboratory (NPL). The use of the word "Engine" was in homage to Charles Babbage and his Difference Engine and Analytical Engine. Turing's technical design "Proposed Electronic Calculator" was the product of his theoretical work in 1936 "On Computable Numbers" and his wartime experience at Bletchley Park where the Colossus computers had been successful in breaking German military codes. In his 1936 paper, Turing described his idea as a "universal computing machine", but it is now known as the Universal Turing machine.

neg: Build Your Own Z80 Computer Build Your Own Z80 Computer: design guidelines and application notes is a book written by Steve Ciarcia, published in 1981 by McGraw-Hill.

neg: A Mind Forever Voyaging A Mind Forever Voyaging ("AMFV") is a 1985 interactive fiction game designed and implemented by Steve Meretzky and published by Infocom. The name is taken from book three of "The Prelude" by William Wordsworth:

neg: Object-Oriented Software Construction Object-Oriented Software Construction is a book by Bertrand Meyer, widely considered a foundational text of object-oriented programming . The first edition was published in 1988; the second, extensively revised and expanded edition (more than 1300 pages), in 1997. Numerous translations are available including Dutch (first edition only), French (1+2), German (1), Italian (1), Japanese (1+2), Persian (1), Polish (2), Romanian (1), Russian (2), Serbian (2), and Spanish (2). The book has been cited thousands of times in computer science literature.

neg: Paterson's worms Paterson's worms are a family of cellular automata devised in 1971 by Mike Paterson and John Horton Conway to model the behaviour and feeding patterns of certain prehistoric worms. In the model, a worm moves between points on a triangular grid along line segments, representing food. Its turnings are determined by the configuration of eaten and uneaten line segments adjacent to the point at which the worm currently is. Despite being governed by simple rules the behaviour of the worms can be extremely complex, and the ultimate fate of one variant is still unknown.

neg: The Book of Philip K. Dick The Book of Philip K. Dick is a collection of science fiction stories by American writer Philip K. Dick. It was first published by DAW Books in 1973. The book was subsequently published in the United Kingdom by Coronet in 1977 under the title "The Turning Wheel and Other Stories". The stories had originally appeared in the magazines "Startling Stories", "Science Fiction Stories", "Galaxy Science Fiction", "Orbit Science Fiction", "Imaginative Tales" and "Amazing Stories".

neg: Sergey Yablonsky Sergey Vsevolodovich Yablonsky (Russian: Серге́й Все́володович Ябло́нский, 6 December 1924 – 26 May 1998) was a Soviet and Russian mathematician, one of the founders of the Soviet school of mathematical cybernetics and discrete mathematics. He is the author of a number of classic results on synthesis, reliability, and classification of control systems (Russian: Управляющие системы ), the term used in the USSR and Russia for a generalization of finite state automata, Boolean circuits and multi-valued logic circuits. (The term is ambiguous, since conventionally in the West control systems is understood as an engineering discipline. The ambiguity stems from the fact that the names of the two disciplines that differ in Russian, namely "Системы управления" and "Управляющие системы", are both translated into English as "control systems".)

neg: Atwood machine The Atwood machine (or Atwood's machine) was invented in 1784 by the English mathematician George Atwood as a laboratory experiment to verify the mechanical laws of motion with constant acceleration. Atwood's machine is a common classroom demonstration used to illustrate principles of classical mechanics.

neg: Institutionum calculi integralis Institutionum calculi integralis is a three-volume textbook written by Leonhard Euler and published in 1768. It was on the subject of integral calculus and contained many of Euler's discoveries about differential equations.

neg: Mad About Physics Mad about Physics: Brainteasers, Paradoxes, and Curiosities by Christopher Jargodzki and Franklin Potter (2001, published by John Wiley and Sons) is a book containing 397 puzzles and their solutions. The book covers information on mechanics, electricity, magnetism, and optics, as well as the physics of sports, space exploration, and astronomy. "Mad about Physics" has been translated into seven languages, including German, Greek, Japanese, and Chinese. As of 2013, "Mad about Physics" is in its 10th reprinting.

neg: UNIVAC Solid State The UNIVAC Solid State was a magnetic drum-based solid-state computer announced by Sperry Rand in December 1958 as a response to the IBM 650. It was one of the first computers to be (nearly) entirely solid-state, using 700 transistors, and 3000 magnetic amplifiers (FERRACTOR) for primary logic, and 20 vacuum tubes largely for power control. It came in two versions, the Solid State 80 (IBM-style 80 column cards) and the Solid State 90 (Remington-Rand 90 column cards). In addition to the "80/90" designation, there were two variants of the Solid State -- the SS I 80/90 and the SS II 80/90. The SS II series included two enhancements -- the addition of 1,280 words of core memory and support for magnetic tape drives. The SS I had only the standard 5,000-word drum memory described in this article and no tape drives.

neg: Programming the Z80 Programming the Z80 is a seminal programming text, written by Rodnay Zaks and first published in 1979 by Sybex. It is designed as both an educational text to teach programming techniques of elementary to intermediate level using Assembly language, and as a self-contained reference book. Topics specific to the Zilog Z80 microprocessor, such as its internal hardware organisation and instruction set are described in detail. Additionally more general concepts, such as information representation and data structures are also covered. The book is considered an indispensable reference guide by many Z80 programmers. It was also published by Radio Shack with the title "How To Program The Z80". A companion volume Z80 "Applications" written by James W. Coffron was published in 1983 by Sybex.

neg: Event-driven finite-state machine In computation, a finite-state machine (FSM) is event driven if the transition from one state to another is triggered by an event or a message. This is in contrast to the parsing-theory origins of the term finite-state machine where the machine is described as consuming characters or tokens.


query: Who has won an Academy award, Angelina Jolie Pitt, or Genndy Tartakovsky ?

pos: Angelina Jolie Angelina Jolie Pitt ( ; née Voight; born June 4, 1975) is an American actress, filmmaker, and humanitarian. She has received an Academy Award, two Screen Actors Guild Awards, and three Golden Globe Awards, and has been cited as Hollywood's highest-paid actress. Jolie made her screen debut as a child alongside her father, Jon Voight, in "Lookin' to Get Out" (1982). Her film career began in earnest a decade later with the low-budget production "Cyborg 2" (1993), followed by her first leading role in a major film, "Hackers" (1995). She starred in the critically acclaimed biographical cable films "George Wallace" (1997) and "Gia" (1998), and won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in the drama "Girl, Interrupted" (1999).

pos: Genndy Tartakovsky Genndy Tartakovsky ( ; born Gennady Borisovich Tartakovsky, Russian: Геннадий Борисович Тартаковский ; January 17, 1970) is a Russian–American animator, director, storyboard artist, producer, and screenwriter. He is best known for creating the Cartoon Network animated television series "Dexter's Laboratory", "Samurai Jack", and "."

neg: Gone in 60 Seconds (2000 film) Gone in 60 Seconds is a 2000 American action heist film, starring Nicolas Cage, Angelina Jolie, Giovanni Ribisi, Christopher Eccleston, Robert Duvall, Vinnie Jones, and Will Patton. The film was directed by Dominic Sena, written by Scott Rosenberg, and produced by Jerry Bruckheimer, producer of "The Rock" and "Con Air" (both of which starred Cage) and "Armageddon" (which starred Patton), and is a loose remake of the 1974 H.B. Halicki film of the same name.

neg: Anna Pinnock Anna Pinnock is a set decorator. She has been nominated six times for an Academy Award:

neg: Luke Matheny Luke Matheny (born December 23, 1976) is an American actor, writer, and director. Matheny is an Academy Award winner, receiving the Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film for "God of Love".

neg: 87th Academy Awards The 87th Academy Awards ceremony, presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS), honored the best films of 2014 and took place on February 22, 2015, at the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood, Los Angeles beginning at 5:30 p.m. PST / 8:30 p.m. EST. During the ceremony, AMPAS presented Academy Awards (commonly referred to as Oscars) in 24 categories. The ceremony was televised in the United States by ABC, produced by Neil Meron and Craig Zadan and directed by Hamish Hamilton. Actor Neil Patrick Harris hosted the ceremony for the first time.

neg: Lara Breay Lara Breay is a feature film producer whose credits include "Tropic Thunder", "Penguins of Madagascar", "Blades of Glory" and "Megamind" which stars Will Ferrell, Tina Fey, Jonah Hill, David Cross and Brad Pitt and was released in November 2010.

neg: Anna Pavlova (film) Anna Pavlova, also known as A Woman for All Time, is a 1983 biographical drama film depicting the life of the Russian ballet dancer Anna Pavlova, written and directed by Emil Loteanu and starring Galina Belyayeva, James Fox and Sergey Shakurov. It depicts Pavlova's passion for art and her collaboration with the reformers of ballet including Michel Fokine, Vaslav Nijinsky and Sergei Diaghilev.

neg: Ged Wright Ged Wright is a Academy Award nominated visual effects artist. He was nominated at the 83rd Academy Awards for his work on the film "Iron Man 2". This was in the category of Best Visual Effects. For which his nomination was shared with Janek Sirrs, Ben Snow and Dan Sudick. It lost to "Inception".

neg: Allied (film) Allied is a 2016 romantic thriller film directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by Steven Knight. It stars Brad Pitt as a Canadian intelligence officer and Marion Cotillard as a French Resistance fighter and collaborator, who fall in love during a mission in Casablanca. Jared Harris, Simon McBurney and Lizzy Caplan also star.

neg: Ingrid Pitt Ingrid Pitt born Ingoushka Petrov (21 November 193723 November 2010) was a Polish-British actress, author, and writer best known for her work in horror films of the 1960s and 1970s.

neg: André Prokovsky André Prokovsky (13 January 1939 – 15 August 2009) was a Franco-Russian ballet dancer, choreographer, and company director. Admired as a bravura performer and an innovative choreographer, he had a varied career that was broadly international in scope.

neg: Jo Min-su Jo Min-su (; born January 29, 1965) is a South Korean actress. She is best known for her award-winning turn in the Kim Ki-duk film "Pietà".

neg: List of awards won by Andrei Tarkovsky Andrei Tarkovsky (1932–1986) was a Soviet film director, screenwriter and film theorist. During his career he received numerous awards, both for individual films and in recognotion of his work. This list is most likely incomplete as only awards and nominations have been included that are confirmed either by the award-giving organization or by reliable third-party sources.

neg: List of Academy Award Best Actress winners by age This is a list of winners of the Academy Award for Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role, presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) to an actress who has delivered an outstanding performance while working within the film industry. More popularly known as the Academy Award (or the Oscar) for Best Actress, this award was initially presented at the 1st Academy Awards ceremony for 1927–1928 and was most recently presented at the 88th Academy Awards ceremony for 2015. Throughout the past 89 years, accounting for ties and repeat winners, AMPAS has presented a total of 90 Best Actress awards to 75 different actresses. This list is current as of the 89th Academy Awards ceremony held on February 26, 2017.

neg: Roberto Benigni Roberto Remigio Benigni, (] ; born 27 October 1952) is an Italian actor, comedian, screenwriter and director. He co-wrote, directed and acted in the 1997 film "Life Is Beautiful", which garnered him the Academy Award for Best Actor and the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. He also portrayed Inspector Clouseau's son in "Son of the Pink Panther" (1993) and has collaborated with filmmaker Jim Jarmusch in three of his films: "Down by Law" (1986), "Night on Earth" (1991) and "Coffee and Cigarettes" (2003).

neg: Gawad Genio Awards The Gawad Genio Awards was instituted by the Critics' Academy Film Desk of Zamboanga City in the year 2006. This award gives recognition to the year's best in the movie industry in the Philippines.

neg: 33rd Japan Academy Prize The 33rd Annual Japan Academy Prize ceremony was held on March 5, 2010, by the Japan Academy Prize Association to honor its selection of the best films of 2009. NTV broadcast the event, which took place at the Grand Prince Hotel New Takanawa in Tokyo, Japan. The nominations for the Awards were announced on December 22, 2009.

neg: Legends of the Fall Legends of the Fall is a 1994 American epic drama film directed by Edward Zwick and starring Brad Pitt, Anthony Hopkins, Aidan Quinn, Julia Ormond and Henry Thomas. Based on the 1979 novella of the same title by Jim Harrison, the film is about three brothers and their father living in the wilderness and plains of Montana in the early 20th century and how their lives are affected by nature, history, war and love. The film's time frame spans from World War I through the Prohibition era, ending with a brief scene set in 1963. The film was nominated for three Academy Awards and won for Best Cinematography (John Toll). Both the film and book contain occasional Cornish language terms, the Ludlows being a Cornish emigrant family.

neg: Fight Club Fight Club is a 1999 American film based on the 1996 novel of the same name by Chuck Palahniuk. The film was directed by David Fincher, and stars Brad Pitt, Edward Norton, and Helena Bonham Carter. Norton plays the unnamed protagonist, referred to as the narrator, who is discontented with his white-collar job. He forms a "fight club" with soap maker Tyler Durden, played by Pitt, and they are joined by men who also want to fight recreationally. The narrator becomes embroiled in a relationship with Durden and a dissolute woman, Marla Singer, played by Bonham Carter.

neg: Tom Pittman Tom Pittman (March 16, 1932 – October 31, 1958) was an American film and television actor. After his death at the age of 26, the "Los Angeles Times" called him "one of Hollywood's most promising young actors."

neg: Alida Valli Baroness Alida Maria Laura Altenburger von Marckenstein-Frauenberg (31 May 1921 – 22 April 2006), better known by her stage name Alida Valli (or simply Valli), was an Italian actress who appeared in more than 100 films, including Mario Soldati's "Piccolo mondo antico", Alfred Hitchcock's "The Paradine Case", Carol Reed's "The Third Man", Michelangelo Antonioni's "Il Grido", Luchino Visconti's "Senso", Bernardo Bertolucci's "1900" and Dario Argento's "Suspiria".


query: The 19th-century transportation route that connected Idependence, Missouri and Santa Fe, New Mexico runs the same path as what east to west highway?

pos: U.S. Route 56 U.S. Route 56 (US 56) is an east–west United States highway that runs for 640 mi in the Midwestern United States. The highway's eastern terminus is at U.S. Route 71 in Kansas City, Missouri. Its western terminus is at Interstate 25 Business in Springer, New Mexico. Much of it follows the Santa Fe Trail.

pos: Santa Fe Trail The Santa Fe Trail was a 19th-century transportation route through central North America that connected Independence, Missouri with Santa Fe, New Mexico. Pioneered in 1821 by William Becknell, it served as a vital commercial highway until the introduction of the railroad to Santa Fe in 1880. Santa Fe was near the end of the El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro which carried trade from Mexico City.

neg: Missouri Route 34 Route 34 is a highway in southeastern Missouri. Its eastern terminus is at the Illinois state line on the Mississippi River at Cape Girardeau where it overlaps Route 74. Its western terminus is at U.S. Route 60 near Van Buren. The road continues into Illinois as Illinois Route 146.

neg: Missouri Route 224 Route 224 is a highway in western Missouri. Its eastern terminus is at U.S. Route 24 near Lexington; its western terminus is at US 24 west of Napoleon. It follows the Missouri River, and is prone to flooding.

neg: Missouri Route 173 Route 173 is a highway in southwest Missouri. Its northern terminus is at Route 265/Route 413 in Elsey; its southern terminus is at Route 76 in Cape Fair.

neg: Campbell Pass Campbell Pass is an infrequently used name for a heavily travelled crossing of the Continental Divide in west-central New Mexico. This broad, gentle mountain pass, located in McKinley County between Gallup and Grants, is the site of a settlement with the official but rather nonspecific name of Continental Divide. Nevertheless, the pass has great historical importance, being traversed by the original main line of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway (now part of BNSF Railway), later by the famous U.S. Route 66, and now by its successor, Interstate 40.

neg: California State Route 14 State Route 14 (SR 14) is a north–south state highway in the U.S. state of California, largely in the Mojave Desert. The southern portion of the highway is signed as the Antelope Valley Freeway. The route connects Interstate 5, or Golden State Freeway, on the border of the city of Santa Clarita to the north and the Los Angeles neighborhoods of Granada Hills and Sylmar to the south, with U.S. Route 395 near Inyokern. Legislatively, the route extends south of I-5 to State Route 1 in the Pacific Palisades area of Los Angeles, however the portion south of the junction with I-5 has not been constructed. The southern part of the constructed route is a busy commuter freeway serving and connecting the cities of Santa Clarita, Palmdale, and Lancaster with the rest of the Greater Los Angeles area. The northern portion, from Vincent (south of Palmdale) to Route 395, is legislatively named the Aerospace Highway, as the highway serves Edwards Air Force Base, once one of the primary landing strips for NASA's Space Shuttle. This section is rural, following the line between the hot Mojave desert and the forming Sierra Nevada mountain range. Most of Route 14 is loosely paralleled by a main line of the Southern Pacific Railroad, used for the Antelope Valley Line of the Metrolink commuter rail system as well as a connection between Los Angeles and the Central Valley via Tehachapi Pass.

neg: U.S. Route 30 in Pennsylvania In the U.S. state of Pennsylvania, U.S. Route 30 (US 30) runs east–west across the southern part of the state, passing through Pittsburgh and Philadelphia on its way from the West Virginia state line east to the Benjamin Franklin Bridge over the Delaware River into New Jersey. In Pennsylvania, US 30 runs along or near the transcontinental Lincoln Highway, which ran from San Francisco, California to New York City before the U.S. Routes were designated. (However, the Lincoln Highway turned northeast at Philadelphia, using present U.S. Route 1 and its former alignments to cross the Delaware River into Trenton, New Jersey.)

neg: Interstate 94 Interstate 94 (I-94) is an east–west Interstate Highway connecting the Great Lakes and northern Great Plains regions of the United States. I-94's western terminus is in Billings, Montana, at a junction with I-90; its eastern terminus is the U.S. side of the Blue Water Bridge in Port Huron, Michigan, at the Sarnia, Ontario, Canada, border, where together with I-69 it meets Highway 402, the only east–west Interstate Highway to form a direct connection into Canada. It lies along the primary overland route from Seattle (via I-90) to Toronto (via Ontario Highway 401).

neg: Interstate 35 in Iowa Interstate 35 (I-35) is a north–south Interstate Highway in the United States that runs from Laredo, Texas, to Duluth, Minnesota. In Iowa, the highway runs from south to north through the center of the state, roughly parallel to U.S. Highway 69 (US 69) and US 65. It enters the state near Lamoni from Missouri and continues north through the southern Iowa drift plain. In the Des Moines area, I-35 is overlapped by I-80 and the two routes bypass Des Moines to the west and north. I-235, the only auxiliary route of I-35, serves the suburbs and downtown Des Moines; it begins and ends at the two interchanges where I-35 and I-80 meet. Near Mason City and Clear Lake, US 18 and Iowa Highway 27 (Iowa 27) overlap with I-35. Shortly after, US 18 splits off to the west in Clear Lake, while Iowa 27 runs with I-35 until they reach the Minnesota state line.

neg: Missouri Route 152 Route 152 is a state highway in the northern Kansas City metropolitan area. It begins at Interstate 435 south of the Kansas City International Airport and ends at Route 291 in Liberty. The route is a limited access highway between its two junctions with I-435. It crosses I-29 5 mi south of the airport in Platte County and US 169 in Clay County.

neg: U.S. Route 80 in New Mexico U.S. Route 80 (US 80) was a major transcontinental highway in the U.S. state of New Mexico from November 11, 1926, to October 12, 1991. Nationally, US 80 stretched from San Diego, California to Tybee Island, Georgia, going through southern New Mexico from El Paso, Texas, through the towns of Las Cruces, Deming and Lordsburg before entering Arizona. US 80 was a modest 191 mi long (compared to US 80 in Arizona which was almost 500 mi long) and was eventually replaced by Interstate 10, US 70 and child route US 180, leading to the complete removal of US 80 in New Mexico. State Road 80 is a remnant of this route.

neg: Cooke's Wagon Road Cooke's Wagon Road or Cooke's Road was the first wagon road between the Rio Grande and the Colorado River to San Diego, through the Mexican provinces of Nuevo México, Chihuahua, Sonora and Alta California, established by Philip St. George Cooke and the Mormon Battalion, from October 19, 1846 to January 29, 1847 during the Mexican American War. It became the first of the wagon routes between New Mexico and California that with subsequent modifications before and during the California Gold Rush eventually became known as the Southern Trail or Southern Emigrant Trail.

neg: California State Route 138 State Route 138 (SR 138) is an east–west state highway generally following the northern foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains and the western Mojave Desert of southern California.

neg: Interstate 64 Interstate 64 (I-64) is an Interstate Highway in the Eastern United States. Its western terminus is at I-70, U.S. Route 40 (US 40), and US 61 in Wentzville, Missouri. Its eastern terminus is at an interchange with I-264 and I-664 at Bowers Hill in Chesapeake, Virginia. I-64 connects the major metropolitan areas of St. Louis, Louisville and Lexington in Kentucky, Charleston, West Virginia, and Richmond, Virginia.

neg: U.S. Route 66 in Oklahoma The historic U.S. Route 66 (US 66, Route 66) ran from west to northeast across the state of Oklahoma, along the path now taken by Interstate 40 (I-40) and State Highway 66 (SH-66). It passed through Oklahoma City, Tulsa, and many smaller communities. West of the Oklahoma City area, it has been largely replaced by I-40; the few independent portions that are still state-maintained are now I-40 Business. However, from Oklahoma City northeast to Kansas, the bypassing I-44 is mostly a toll road, and SH-66 remains as a free alternate.

neg: Interstate 670 (Kansas–Missouri) Interstate 670 (abbreviated I-670) is a 2.81 mile (4.52 km) connector highway between I-70 in Kansas City, Kansas and I-70 in Kansas City, Missouri. The highway provides a more direct route through downtown Kansas City than the older mainline I-70, and avoids the sharp turn (and reduced speed limit) of the latter at the west end of the Intercity Viaduct. I-670 is also designated "Alternate Interstate 70", one of the few interstates to be designated as an alternate.

neg: Iowa Highway 85 Iowa Highway 85 (Iowa 85) is a short state highway in east-central Iowa. The route begins at the eastern city limit of Montezuma and ends at Iowa 21 east of Deep River. Created in 1920 as a spur route connecting What Cheer to Primary Road No. 2, it is an original route in the Iowa primary highway system. In the early 1930s, the route was extended north to Deep River and west to Montezuma. By the end of the decade, Iowa 21 had taken over the north–south portion of the route. Except for both endpoints shifting slightly, Iowa 85 has largely stayed the same since the 1930s.

neg: Santa Fe Trail-Grand Pass Trail Segments Santa Fe Trail-Grand Pass Trail Segments are three historic Santa Fe Trail segments located at Grand Pass, Saline County, Missouri. The three trail rut segments are located within Maple Hill Cemetery and near Grand Pass Methodist Church. They date to 1821-1827.

neg: Missouri Route 37 Route 37 is a highway in southwest Missouri. Its northern terminus is at U.S. Route 160 in Golden City (it shares this terminus with Route 126); its southern terminus is at the Arkansas state line where it continues as Highway 37, though it only runs "very" briefly before ending at U.S. Route 62 in Gateway, Arkansas.

neg: U.S. Route 63 in Missouri The highway passes south-to-north through Missouri, from Arkansas to Iowa, serving cities such as Rolla, Jefferson City, Columbia, Moberly, Macon, and Kirksville. Notable routes that are intersected include U.S. Route 60 in Howell County, Interstate 44 at Rolla, U.S. Route 50 (which it shares a concurrency with into Jefferson City south of the Missouri River until it reaches the junction with U.S. 54), U.S. Route 54 (which it overlaps in Jefferson City from the junction with U.S. Route 50 and crosses the Missouri River with on the Jefferson City Bridge), Interstate 70 at Columbia, U.S. Route 24 at Moberly, U.S. Route 36 at Macon, and U.S. Route 136 at Lancaster.

neg: Mississippi Highway 30 Mississippi Highway 30 is an east–west corridor that runs from Oxford, Mississippi, at the western terminus to the Natchez Trace Parkway at the eastern terminus.


query: The Carnival Ecstasy was christened by an American television host that was born in what year?

pos: Carnival Ecstasy Carnival Ecstasy (formerly Ecstasy) is a "Fantasy"-class cruise ship operated by Carnival Cruise Line. Built by Kværner Masa-Yards at its Helsinki New Shipyard in Helsinki, Finland, she was floated out on January 6, 1991, and christened "Ecstasy" by television hostess and entertainer Kathie Lee Gifford. During 2007, in common with all of her "Fantasy"-class sisters, she had the prefix "Carnival" added to her name.

pos: Kathie Lee Gifford Kathryn "Kathie" Lee Gifford (née Epstein, previously Johnson; born August 16, 1953) is an American television host, singer, songwriter, comedian, and actress, best known for her 15-year run (1985–2000) on the talk show "Live! with Regis and Kathie Lee", which she co-hosted with Regis Philbin. She has received 11 Daytime Emmy nominations and won her first Daytime Emmy in 2010 as part of the "Today" team.

neg: Aftermath with William Shatner Aftermath with William Shatner is an American TV show hosted by William Shatner.

neg: Tony Brown (journalist) William Anthony "Tony" Brown (born April 11, 1933) is an American journalist, academian, comedian and businessman. He is best known as the commentator of the long running syndicated television show, "Tony Brown's Journal".

neg: David Hartman (TV personality) David Downs Hartman (born May 19, 1935) is an American journalist and media host who began his media career as an actor. He currently anchors and hosts documentary programs on cable TV's History and on PBS. Hartman is best known as the first host of ABC's "Good Morning America", from 1975 to 1987. As an actor, he starred in the 1970s as a young resident, Dr. Paul Hunter, on "" and as a teacher in the series "Lucas Tanner". He is notable also for the 1976 TV movie re-make of "Miracle On 34th Street"

neg: Jason Carthen Jason Carthen Ph.D. (born November 16, 1970) is a retired American football player, an academic, radio personality,  best-selling author, and public speaker. He is President/CEO of Jason Carthen Enterprises LLC., and visiting Professor at Bethel University. Dr. Carthen is the creator and host of the hit Radio Show Discover the Leader in You™ that airs nationally each week on iHeart Radio and iTunes. The show is also available on the Jason Carthen Enterprises Mobile Apps and is syndicated on iTunes and Sticher Radio. He is the past host of the television shows "Joy in our Town", and TBN's "Praise the Lord".

neg: Alex Jamieson Alexandra Marie "Alex" Jamieson (born March 20, 1975) is a natural foods chef, author, speaker, TV personality, and holistic health counselor.

neg: Lynne Cheney Lynne Ann Cheney (née Vincent; born August 14, 1941) is an American author, scholar, and former talk-show host. She is the wife of the 46th Vice President of the United States, Dick Cheney and served as the Second Lady of the United States from 2001 to 2009.

neg: Steve Cochran (radio host) Steve Cochran (born March 14, 1961) is an American radio broadcaster. He hosts the morning show at WGN in Chicago. He previously worked at WGN from 2000 to 2010.

neg: Leigh Kamman Leigh Kamman (September 2, 1922 – October 17, 2014) was an American radio host who focused on bringing jazz music to the airwaves during his career, which spanned more than six decades.

neg: David Rosengarten David Rosengarten (born January 25, 1950) is an American chef, author and television personality, who hosted or co-hosted more than 2500 television shows on the Food Network from 1994 to 2001.

neg: Tony Mammarella Anthony (Tony) Mammarella (September 2, 1924 – November 29, 1977) was the first producer and second host of "American Bandstand".

neg: John Heald John Heald (born 22 January 1965) is the senior cruise director of Carnival Cruise Lines and a blogger for the cruise line. He first became a Carnival cruise director in 1990. In 2004, he was named the senior cruise director of Carnival.

neg: Michele Boyd Michele Catherine Boyd is an American actress, producer and host.

neg: Dawson McAllister Dawson McAllister (born 1946 in New Kensington, Pennsylvania) is an American speaker, radio host, and author. He is the host of the radio program "Dawson McAllister Live" on Sunday nights from 10:00pm-2:00 am ET, which has an average audience of 500,000 listeners a week.

neg: Ed Allen (TV host) Ed Allen (b. December 14, 1929 in Chicago, Illinois, United States) is a television host noted for his syndicated exercise programs.

neg: Pat Finn Patrick Joseph "Pat" Finn (born July 24, 1956) is an American television presenter and game show host. He is the owner of the production company Rubicon Entertainment. Finn's first national gig was hosting the 1990 remake of the classic Jack Barry show "The Joker's Wild". In 1991, he became host of "Shop 'til You Drop", the #1 rated cable game show in America at the time, where he remained for 11 years, and from 1999-2009 he became the host of the California State Lottery's weekly game show, "The Big Spin".

neg: Chet Forte Fulvio Chester "Chet" Forte Jr. (August 7, 1935 – May 18, 1996) was an American television director and sports radio talk show host.

neg: Susan Stafford Susan Stafford (born Susanna Gail Carney January 27, 1942) is an American former model, actress and television host. She was the original hostess of the American game show "Wheel of Fortune" from January 6, 1975 until she left on October 22, 1982. She returned briefly to "Wheel of Fortune" in 1986 to substitute for Vanna White.

neg: Stephanie Miller Stephanie Catherine Miller (born September 29, 1961) is an American political commentator, comedian, and host of "The Stephanie Miller Show", a liberal talk radio program produced in Los Angeles, California by WYD Media Management and syndicated nationally by Westwood One. In 2017, "Talkers Magazine" ranked her the 23rd most important radio talk show host in America. Miller has leveraged her talk show via various platforms including online, as well as via her "Sexy Liberal Tour" live comedy show.

neg: Dean Edell Dean Edell (born 26 March 1941) is an American physician and broadcaster who hosted the "Dr. Dean Edell" radio program, a syndicated radio talk show which aired live from 1979 until December 10, 2010. He was also nationally syndicated in television as a medical news reporter and host of his own television shows including NBC's "Dr. Dean"

neg: The Joey Bishop Show (talk show) The Joey Bishop Show is an American talk show that had its first broadcast on ABC on April 17, 1967, hosted by Joey Bishop and featuring Regis Philbin in his first ongoing role with national television exposure, as Bishop's sidekick/announcer (similar to Ed McMahon's job with Johnny Carson). Created to challenge "The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson", the show lasted 33 months, with the last show airing on December 26, 1969.


query: What role-playing game set in the Star Trek derived Star Fleet Universe was designed by Stephen V. Cole?

pos: Stephen V. Cole Stephen V. Cole is an American game designer and the CEO of Amarillo Design Bureau (also known as ADB or, incorrectly, Starfleet Games) which publishes "Star Fleet Battles", "Federation and Empire", "Federation Commander", "Prime Directive" (a series of RPGs for D20, D20M, and GURPS), and other wargames set in the Star Fleet Universe. ADB became ADB, Inc., in 1999.

pos: Prime Directive (role-playing game) Prime Directive is a role-playing game set in the "Star Trek"-derived Star Fleet Universe. The game has gone through two different incarnations.

neg: Forgotten Realms Forgotten Realms is a campaign setting for the "Dungeons & Dragons" ("D&D") fantasy role-playing game. Commonly referred to by players and game designers alike as "The Realms", it was created by game designer Ed Greenwood around 1967 as a setting for his childhood stories. Several years later, Greenwood brought the setting to the "D&D" game as a series of magazine articles, and the first Realms game products were released in 1987. Role-playing game products have been produced for the setting ever since, as have various licensed products including sword and sorcery novels, role-playing video game adaptations (including the first massively multiplayer online role-playing game to use graphics), and comic books. The Forgotten Realms is one of the most popular "D&D" settings, largely due to the success of novels by authors such as R. A. Salvatore and numerous role-playing video games, including "Pool of Radiance" (1988), "Eye of the Beholder" (1991), "Baldur's Gate" (1998), "Icewind Dale" (2000) and "Neverwinter Nights" (2002).

neg: Starfleet Voyages Starfleet Voyages is a science-fiction adventure role-playing game of planetary exploration based on the "Star Trek" television series.

neg: Stellaris (video game) Stellaris is a 4X grand strategy video game developed and published by Paradox Interactive. "Stellaris"' s gameplay revolves around space exploration, managing an empire, and diplomacy and warfare with other spacefaring civilizations. It was released worldwide for Microsoft Windows, OS X, and Linux on May 9, 2016.

neg: Warhammer 40,000: Rites of War Warhammer 40,000: Rites of War is a turn-based strategy game based on the celebrated Panzer General 2 engine by SSI. It is set in the fictional "Warhammer 40,000" universe. It was produced by Games Workshop in 1999, and concerns the invasion of a Tyranid Hive fleet and the Eldar and Imperial efforts to defeat it.

neg: Aberrant Aberrant is a role-playing game created by White Wolf Game Studio in 1999, set in 2008 in a world where super-powered humans started appearing one day in 1998. It is the middle setting in the greater Trinity Universe timeline, chronologically situated about 90 years after "Adventure!", White Wolf's Pulp era game, and over a century before the psionic escapades of "Trinity/Aeon". The game deals with how the players' meta-human characters (called "novas") fit into a mundane world when they most definitely are "not" mundane, as well as how the mundane populace react to the sudden emergence of novas. The original "Aberrant" product line was discontinued in 2002, though a d20 System version was released in 2004. Onyx Path Publishing has recently acquired the rights to the Trinity Universe and has announced its intention to release a new edition of "Aberrant".

neg: Star Trek: Shattered Universe Star Trek: Shattered Universe is a space simulator video game set in the "Star Trek" Mirror Universe, as portrayed in the original series episode . Originally intended to be one of the last Star Trek titles released by Interplay Entertainment, it sat for 2 years before being completed by TDK Mediactive; it was released for the Xbox and PlayStation 2, and received almost universally poor reviews.

neg: Serenity Role Playing Game Serenity Role Playing Game is a science fiction role-playing game released in 2005 and set in the universe of the movie "Serenity". It was produced by Margaret Weis Productions, Ltd, and its mechanics were the first iteration of the Cortex System. It won an Origins Award for best RPG in 2005 and Margaret Weis' license came to an end on January 31, 2011.

neg: Star Drive Star Drive (stylized as Star*Drive) is a science fiction campaign setting that was published in 1998 by TSR, Inc. for the "Alternity" role-playing game. "Alternity"'s first setting was detailed in the "Star Drive Campaign Setting" (1998).

neg: Shadowrun Shadowrun is a science fantasy tabletop role-playing game set in a near-future fictional universe in which cybernetics, magic and fantasy creatures co-exist. It combines genres of cyberpunk, urban fantasy and crime, with occasional elements of conspiracy, horror and detective fiction. From its inception in 1989, "Shadowrun" has remained among the most popular role-playing games. It has spawned a vast franchise that includes a series of novels, a collectible card game, two miniature-based tabletop wargames, and multiple video games.

neg: Star Sonata Star Sonata is a space-themed massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMO) released in 2004 that combines elements of action games and real-time strategy games such as real-time ship-to-ship combat and galactic conquest.

neg: Star Wars Miniatures Star Wars Miniatures is a 34mm scale collectible miniatures tabletop game based on the "Star Wars" fictional universe that was produced by Wizards of the Coast. The game was originally released in September 2004 and continued production until May 2010. "Star Wars Miniatures" players build point-based squads from one of ten different in-universe factions then conduct battles between those squads. The game mechanics are a simplified version of the d20 roleplaying game system. Multiple maps, scenarios, and set themes from different settings and time periods from within the Star Wars universe are available.

neg: Halo Wars Halo Wars is a real-time strategy (RTS) video game developed by Ensemble Studios and published by Microsoft Game Studios for the Xbox 360 video game console. It was released in Japan and Australia on February 26, 2009; in Europe on February 27; and in North America on March 3. The game is set in the science fiction universe of the "Halo" series in the year 2531, 21 years before the events of "". The player leads human soldiers aboard the warship "Spirit of Fire" in an effort to stop an ancient fleet of ships from falling into the hands of the genocidal alien Covenant.

neg: Star Wars: The Roleplaying Game Star Wars: The Roleplaying Game is a role-playing game set in the "Star Wars" universe, written and published by West End Games (WEG) between 1987 and 1999. The game system was slightly modified and rereleased in 2004 as "D6 Space", which used a generic space opera setting. An unrelated "Star Wars" RPG was published by Wizards of the Coast from 2000 to 2010. Since 2012 the official "Star Wars" role-playing game is another unrelated game, published by Fantasy Flight Games.

neg: Campaign setting A campaign setting is usually a fictional world which serves as a setting for a role-playing game or wargame campaign. A "campaign" is a series of individual adventures, and a "campaign setting" is the world in which such adventures and campaigns take place. Usually a campaign setting is designed for a specific game (such as the "Forgotten Realms" setting for "Dungeons & Dragons") or a specific genre of game (such as Medieval fantasy, or outer space/science fiction adventure). There are numerous campaign settings available both in print and online. In addition to published campaign settings available for purchase, many game masters create their own settings, often referred to as "homebrew" settings or worlds.

neg: Dystopian Wars Dystopian Wars is a Victorian super science-fiction miniature wargame with steampunk elements published and manufactured by Spartan Games. Launched in October 2010, it is set in an alternate timeline in 1870. In this world, technological advances have occurred over a century before they would in our timeline, which has had dire consequences for the conduct of warfare as technology is far advanced, and in many cases, unrecognisable.

neg: Lost Worlds (gamebook) Lost Worlds is a "combat picture book game" designed and trademarked by Alfred Leonardi and originally published in 1983 by Nova Game Designs. The game has had many publishers, including Chessex, Emithill, Flying Buffalo and Greysea. In 1984, "Lost Worlds" won the Charles Roberts/Origins Award for "Best Fantasy Boardgame of 1983".

neg: Eberron Eberron is a campaign setting for the "Dungeons & Dragons" ("D&D") role-playing game, set in a period after a vast destructive war on the continent of Khorvaire. Eberron is designed to accommodate traditional "D&D" elements and races within a differently toned setting; Eberron combines a fantasy tone with pulp and dark adventure elements, and some non-traditional fantasy technologies such as trains, skyships, and mechanical beings which are all powered by magic.

neg: Traveller (role-playing game) Traveller is a series of related science fiction role-playing games, the first published in 1977 by Game Designers' Workshop. Marc W. Miller designed "Traveller" with help from Frank Chadwick, John Harshman, and Loren K. Wiseman.

neg: 2400 A.D. 2400 A.D. is a role-playing video game designed by Chuck Bueche and published by Origin Systems in 1987. It was developed for the MS-DOS and Apple II.

neg: CORPS The CORPS game system, or Complete Omniversal Role Playing System, is a generic role-playing game system. It was created by Greg Porter in 1990.


query: Curse of the Faceless Man starred the actor who was of what nationality?

pos: Curse of the Faceless Man Curse of the Faceless Man is an independently made 1958 low-budget black-and-white horror film, produced by Robert E. Kent, directed by Edward L. Cahn, that stars Richard Anderson, Elaine Edwards, Adele Mara and Luis van Rooten. The storyline concerns a Roman gladiator, buried alive in Pompeii during the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD, who returns to life in modern times to find the reincarnation of the woman he loves. The film was theatrically released in August 1958 in the US by United Artists on a double bill with "It! The Terror from Beyond Space".

pos: Richard Anderson Richard Norman Anderson (August 8, 1926 – August 31, 2017) was an American film and television actor. Among his best-known roles was his portrayal of Oscar Goldman, the boss of Steve Austin (Lee Majors) and Jaime Sommers (Lindsay Wagner) in both "The Six Million Dollar Man" and "The Bionic Woman" television series between 1974 and 1978 and their subsequent television movies: "The Return of the Six-Million-Dollar Man and the Bionic Woman" (1987), "Bionic Showdown: The Six Million Dollar Man and the Bionic Woman" (1989) and "Bionic Ever After?" (1994).

neg: Herbert Mundin Herbert Mundin (21 August 1898 – 5 March 1939) was an English character actor. He was frequently typecast in 1930s Hollywood films like "The Adventures of Robin Hood" as an older cheeky eccentric, a type helped by his jowled features and cheerful disposition.

neg: Keenan Wynn Francis Xavier Aloysius James Jeremiah Keenan Wynn (July 27, 1916 – October 14, 1986) was an American character actor. His expressive face was his stock-in-trade; and, though he rarely carried the lead role, he had prominent billing in most of his film and television roles.

neg: Robert Easton (actor) Robert Easton (born Robert Easton Burke, November 23, 1930 – December 16, 2011) was an American radio, film, and television actor whose career spanned more than 60 years. His mastery of English dialect earned him the epithet "The Man of a Thousand Voices". For decades, he was a leading Hollywood dialogue or accent coach.

neg: Herbert Rawlinson Herbert Banemann Rawlinson (November 15, 1885 – July 12, 1953) was an English-born stage, film, radio, and television actor. A leading man during Hollywood's silent film era, Rawlinson transitioned to character roles after the advent of sound films.

neg: John Pinette John Paul Pinette ( ) (March 23, 1964 – April 5, 2014) was an American actor, Broadway performer, and stand-up comedian. He toured the comedy club circuit beginning in the 1980s and appeared in cinema and on television. Besides stand-up, Pinette did impressions of The Chipmunks, Elvis Presley, Gollum from "The Lord of the Rings", Hervé Villechaize (Tattoo from "Fantasy Island"), an Ewok, actor Marlon Brando (notably Brando's role in "The Godfather)", as well as various ethnic accents. He occasionally sang, for example "Over the Rainbow" from "The Wizard of Oz", and "Don't Cry for Me Argentina" in stand-up routines.

neg: Ben Chapman (actor) Benjamin F. Chapman, Jr. (October 29, 1928 – February 21, 2008) was an American actor best known as playing the Gill-man on land in the 1954 horror film "Creature from the Black Lagoon".

neg: Gunnar Hansen Gunnar Milton Hansen (March 4, 1947 – November 7, 2015) was an Icelandic-born American actor and author best known for playing the mentally impaired cannibal Leatherface in "The Texas Chain Saw Massacre" (1974).

neg: Tom Tully Thomas Kane Tulley (August 21, 1908April 27, 1982), known professionally as Tom Tully, was an American actor.

neg: Charles Boyer Charles Boyer (] ; 28 August 1899 – 26 August 1978) was a French actor who appeared in more than 80 films between 1920 and 1976. After receiving an education in drama, Boyer started on the stage, but he found his success in American films during the 1930s. His memorable performances were among the era's most highly praised, in romantic dramas such as "The Garden of Allah" (1936), "Algiers" (1938), and "Love Affair" (1939), as well as the mystery-thriller "Gaslight" (1944). He received four Academy Award nominations for Best Actor.

neg: Drummond Erskine James Drummond Erskine III (April 7, 1919 – March 21, 2009) was an American character actor. He appeared in more than 75 films during his decades long acting career, which spanned over 50 years.

neg: Felix von Manteuffel Felix von Manteuffel (born Friedrich Karl Baron von Manteuffel-Szoege 6 May 1945) is a German actor.

neg: Leonard Penn Leonard Penn (November 13, 1907 — May 20, 1975) was an American film, television and theatre actor.

neg: Barry Corbin Leonard Barrie Corbin, known as Barry Corbin (born October 16, 1940), is an American actor with more than 100 film, television, and video game credits.

neg: Bill Cobbs Wilbert Francisco "Bill" Cobbs (born June 16, 1934) is an American actor.

neg: Earl Dwire Earl Dwire (October 3, 1883 – January 16, 1940) was an American character actor who appeared in more than 150 movies between 1921 and his death in 1940. Noted for his almost frightening long face, Dwire worked mainly as a villain in westerns, including "Riders of Destiny" (1933) with John Wayne in the first singing cowboy movie and "The Trail Beyond" (1934) opposite Wayne, Noah Beery, Sr., and Noah Beery, Jr. He also appeared in Bob Steele vehicles such as "Alias John Law" (1935).

neg: Allan Cuthbertson Allan Cuthbertson (7 April 1920 – 8 February 1988) was a naturalised Anglo-Australian actor. He was best known for playing stern-faced military officers in British films of the 1950s and 1960s.

neg: Gregg Berger Greggory "Gregg" Berger (born December 10, 1950) is an American voice actor, who is known for his iconic role as Odie from the "Garfield" franchise. His other roles include Jecht from the Final Fantasy franchise, Grimlock from "The Transformers", Mysterio and Kraven the Hunter from "", Cornfed Pig from "Duckman", Agent Kay from "", The Gromble from "Aaahh!!! Real Monsters", Captain Blue from "Viewtiful Joe", Eeyore from "Kingdom Hearts II", Hunter the Cheetah from "Spyro The Dragon", and The Thing from "".

neg: Howard Petrie Howard Alexander Petrie (November 22, 1906 - March 24, 1968) was an American radio, television, and film actor.

neg: Andy Devine Andrew Vabre "Andy" Devine (October 7, 1905 – February 18, 1977) was an American character actor and comic cowboy sidekick known for his distinctive raspy, crackly voice.

neg: Ian Hendry Ian Mackendrick Hendry (13 January 1931 – 24 December 1984) was an English film, television and stage actor. He was best known for his work on several British TV series of the 1960s and 1970s, including the lead in the first series of "The Avengers" and "The Lotus Eaters", as well as for his roles in films such as "The Hill" (1965), "Repulsion" (1965), "Get Carter" (1971), and "Theatre of Blood" (1973).


query: Are both Ardisia and Encelia plant genera?

pos: Ardisia Ardisia (coralberry or marlberry) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Primulaceae. It was in the former Myrsinaceae family now recognised as the myrsine sub-family Myrsinoideae. They are distributed in the Americas, Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands, mainly in the tropics. There are 400 to 500 species.

pos: Encelia Encelia is a genus of the plant family Asteraceae. It consists of shrubs (and one geophyte) of arid environments in southwestern North America and western South America.

neg: Nivenioideae Nivenioideae subfamily is one of the two main subfamilies in the popular Iridaceae family. It contains seven genera, from South Africa, Australia and Madagascar, including the only true shrubs in the family ("Klattia", "Nivenia" and "Witsenia"), It also includes "Aristea", "Cleanthe", Patersonia and also "Geosiris", which was in its own family until being re-assessed.

neg: Tricentroscelis Tricentroscelis is a genus of moth in the family Geometridae.

neg: Paratheria Paratheria is a genus of African and Caribbean plants in the grass family.

neg: Argyrolepidia Argyrolepidia is a genus of moths of the Noctuidae family.

neg: Entrophospora Entrophospora is a genus of fungi in the family Acaulosporaceae of the Glomeromycota. The name is derived from the Greek words "en" (within), "trophos" (nourished or reared), and "spora" (spore). The generic description was emended in 2011.

neg: Acaulosporaceae The Acaulosporaceae are a family of fungi in the order Diversisporales. Species in this family are widespread in distribution, and form arbuscular mycorrhiza and vesicles in roots. The family contains two genera and 31 species.

neg: Argyroxiphium Argyroxiphium is a small genus of plants in the sunflower family, Asteraceae. Its members are known by the common names of silversword or greensword due to their long, narrow leaves and the silvery hairs on some species. It belongs to a larger radiation of over 50 species, including the physically different genera "Dubautia" and "Wilkesia". This grouping is often referred to as the silversword alliance.

neg: Dondisia Dondisia was a genus of flowering plants in the Rubiaceae family but is no longer recognized. It has been sunk into synonymy with "Canthium". It was originally described by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle in 1830.

neg: Ardistomis Ardistomis is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:

neg: Brodiaea Brodiaea , also known by the common name cluster-lilies, is a monocot genus of flowering plants in the family, in the Asparagales order.

neg: Ardisia gardneri Ardisia gardneri is a species of plant in the Primulaceae family. It is endemic to Sri Lanka.

neg: Elatinaceae Elatinaceae is a family of flowering plants with ca 35 (to perhaps 50) species in two genera: "Elatine" and "Bergia". The "Elatine" are mostly aquatic herbs, and the "Bergia" are subshrubs to shrubs. "Elatine" species are widely distributed throughout the world from temperate to tropical zones, with its greatest diversity found in temperate zones. "Bergia" is found in temperate to tropical Eurasia and Africa, with two tropical and one tropical to temperate species in the Americas. The center for biodiversity of "Bergia" is the Old World tropics, and this is also the center for biodiversity for the family. Neither genus is found in arctic ecosystems.

neg: Antirhea Antirhea is a genus of flowering plants in the Rubiaceae family.

neg: Ardisia schlechteri Ardisia schlechteri is a species of plant in the Primulaceae family. It is endemic to Cameroon. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

neg: Stephensia Stephensia is the scientific name for two genera of organisms and may refer to:

neg: Ardisia sonchifolia Ardisia sonchifolia is a species of plant in the Primulaceae family. It is endemic to India.

neg: Aroideae Aroideae is a subfamily of flowering plants in the Araceae family. It is the largest subfamily in Araceae and consists of about 72 different genera, and 2,300 species. Many Aroideae have spiny pollen grains without a sporopollenin outer exine layer and lacking an aperture.

neg: Parietaria Parietaria is a genus of flowering plants in the family Urticaceae, native to temperate and tropical regions across the world.

neg: Arales Arales is a botanical name for an order of flowering plants. The name was used in the Cronquist system for an order placed in subclass "Arecidae", circumscribed as (1981):

neg: Encelia scaposa Encelia scaposa, common name onehead brittlebush is a North American species of flowering plants in the daisy family. It has been found in western Texas, southwestern New Mexico, and Chihuahua.


query: Which film is older Cheetah or Monsters University?

pos: Cheetah (1989 film) Cheetah, also known as Cheetah and Friends, is a 1989 live-action film from Walt Disney Pictures starring Keith Coogan and Lucy Deakins. This motion picture was based on Alan Caillou's novel "The Cheetahs". It was shot in Nairobi, Kenya. This motion picture features the phrase "Hakuna matata" which became famous when Disney released "The Lion King" five years later.

pos: Monsters University Monsters University is a 2013 American 3D computer-animated comedy film produced by Pixar Animation Studios for Walt Disney Pictures. It was directed by Dan Scanlon and produced by Kori Rae, with John Lasseter, Pete Docter, Andrew Stanton and Lee Unkrich as executive producers. The music for the film was composed by Randy Newman, marking his seventh collaboration with Pixar. It was the fourteenth feature film produced by Pixar, and is a prequel to 2001's "Monsters, Inc.", marking the first time Pixar has made a prequel film. "Monsters University" tells the story of two monsters, Mike and Sulley, and their time studying at college, where they start off as rivals, but slowly become best friends. John Goodman, Billy Crystal, Steve Buscemi, Bob Peterson, and John Ratzenberger reprise their roles as James P. Sullivan, Mike Wazowski, Randall Boggs, Roz, and the Abominable Snowman, respectively. Bonnie Hunt, who played Ms. Flint in the first film, voices Mike's grade school teacher Ms. Karen Graves.

neg: Destroy All Monsters Destroy All Monsters (怪獣総進撃 , "Kaijū Sōshingeki" ) is a 1968 Japanese science fiction kaiju film featuring Godzilla, produced and distributed by Toho. The film is directed by Ishirō Honda, with special effects by Sadamasa Arikawa with supervision by Eiji Tsuburaya and stars Akira Kubo, Jun Tazaki, Yukiko Kobayashi and Yoshio Tsuchiya. The film is ninth entry in the original "Godzilla" franchise and Shōwa series.

neg: Hollywood Monsters (band) Hollywood Monsters is an American hard rock supergroup formed in 2014. The band members are: Steph Honde (vocals, guitars), Don Airey (keyboards) (Deep Purple, previously played in Whitesnake, Gary Moore, Ozzy Osbourne, Michael Schenker Group and others), Vinny Appice (drums) (previously played in DIO, Black Sabbath, Heaven & Hell, Kill Devil Hill and others), Tim Bogert (bass) (previously played in Vanilla Fudge, Cactus, and Beck, Bogert & Appice).

neg: The Mighty The Mighty is a 1998 drama film directed by Peter Chelsom and based on the book "Freak the Mighty" by Rodman Philbrick. The film stars Sharon Stone, Gena Rowlands, Gillian Anderson, Harry Dean Stanton, Kieran Culkin, James Gandolfini, and Elden Henson.

neg: Cheetae, Ganda Lalake! Cheeta-eh: Ganda lalake? is a 1991 fantasy comedy film written by Ruben Arthur Nicdao and directed by Nicdao with Tony Cruz, and starring Rene Requiestas}, Cristina Gonzales, Paquito Diaz, and Chichay, sharing Cheetae, Starzan's sidekick, point of view.

neg: Pumpkinhead (film) Pumpkinhead is a 1988 American dark fantasy horror film. It was the directorial debut of special effects artist Stan Winston. The film has built up a cult following in the years since its release. The first in the "Pumpkinhead" franchise, it was followed by a direct-to-video sequel, two TV film sequels, and a comic book series.

neg: Universal Monsters Universal Monsters is a phrase used to describe the horror, suspense and science fiction films made by Universal Studios during the decades of the 1920s through the 1950s. They began with "The Hunchback of Notre Dame" and "The Phantom of the Opera", both silent films starring Lon Chaney. Universal continued with talkies including monster franchises "Dracula", "Frankenstein", "The Mummy", "The Invisible Man", "The Wolf Man" and "Creature from the Black Lagoon". The films often featured Bela Lugosi, Boris Karloff and Lon Chaney, Jr.

neg: Jack Brooks: Monster Slayer Jack Brooks: Monster Slayer is a Canadian comedy horror monster movie produced by Brookstreet Pictures. The film was directed Jon Knautz and stars Trevor Matthews, Robert Englund and Rachel Skarsten. The film is about a plumber named Jack (Trevor Matthews) whose family gets slaughtered by a demonic beast. While fixing the pipes for Dr. Crowley (Robert Englund), the Professor awakens an evil source and eventually transforms his body into a monster. With the evil spreading out of control, Jack harnesses his anger to face the monsters and avenge his family.

neg: Monster High: Fright On! Monster High: Fright On! is the second "Monster High" television special. It is the sequel to "New Ghoul @ School". The TV special ties into the "School's Out" and "Dead Tired" doll lines. It aired on Nickelodeon on October 31, 2011.

neg: Monster Force Monster Force is a 13-episode animated television series created in 1994 by Universal Cartoon Studios and Canadian studio Lacewood Productions. The story is set in approx. 2020 and centers on a group of teenagers who, with help of high tech weaponry, fight off against classic Universal Monsters and spiritual beings threatening humanity. Some of the crew have personal vendettas (e.g., one has the ""curse of the Wolfman"" that has been handed down through generations and another had a family member taken away from her by Dracula), while others fight for Mankind out of a sense of altruism. The series aired in syndication alongside another Universal animated series, "Exosquad". Universal Studios Home Entertainment released the first seven episodes to DVD on September 15, 2009.

neg: Kyoufu Densetsu Kaiki! Frankenstein Kyōfu Densetsu Kaiki! Frankenstein (恐怖伝説 怪奇！フランケンシュタイン ) , is a 1981 Japanese animated television film based on Mary Shelley's novel and the Marvel comic book Monster of Frankenstein. In this 98-minute violent, adult-oriented film, the creature was portrayed as a misunderstood monster, who only wanted to be loved. The film was dubbed and released in the U.S in 1984. The dubbed version never had a title but was advertised as both "Monster of Frankenstein" and "Frankenstein Legend of Terror".

neg: A Little Stiff A Little Stiff is a 1991 minimalist comedy directed by Caveh Zahedi and Greg Watkins based on true events and re-enacted by the actual participants. Caveh Zahedi plays himself as a neurotic film student who develops a crush on art student Erin McKim after a brief encounter in an elevator.

neg: Monsters, Inc. (franchise) Monsters, Inc. is a CGI animated film series and Disney media franchise that began with the 2001 film, "Monsters, Inc.", produced by Pixar and distributed by Walt Disney Pictures. The original film was followed by a prequel film, "Monsters University", released in 2013.

neg: Mystery Monsters Mystery Monsters is a 1997 film directed by Charles Band and starring Ashley Cafagna-Tesoro and Tim Redwine.

neg: Creature (2011 film) Creature is a 2011 American monster movie directed by Fred M. Andrews, based on a screenplay written by Andrews and Tracy Morse. The film is set in the Louisiana Bayou, where a group of friends discover a local legend and are in a fight for their survival. The film opened in theaters on September 9, 2011, in the United States and Canada. It stars Mehcad Brooks, Serinda Swan, Amanda Fuller, Dillon Casey, Lauren Schneider, Aaron Hill, Daniel Bernhardt, and Sid Haig. It made headlines for its low gross.

neg: Chester Cheetah: Too Cool to Fool Chester Cheetah: Too Cool to Fool is a 1992 video game that starred Cheetos mascot Chester Cheetah, only released in North America.

neg: Mega Shark Versus Crocosaurus Mega Shark Versus Crocosaurus is a monster disaster film by The Asylum, released on December 21, 2010 in the United States. The film stars Jaleel White, Gary Stretch, Robert Picardo, Dylan Vox, Hannah Cowley and Sarah Lieving.

neg: Animal House National Lampoon's Animal House is a 1978 American comedy film from Universal Pictures. It was produced by Ivan Reitman and Matty Simmons, directed by John Landis, and stars John Belushi, Tim Matheson, John Vernon, Verna Bloom, Thomas Hulce, Stephen Furst, and Donald Sutherland. The film, a direct spin-off from "National Lampoon magazine", is about a misfit group of fraternity members who challenge the authority of the dean of Faber College.

neg: Urban Legend (film) Urban Legend is a 1998 American slasher film directed by Jamie Blanks, written by Silvio Horta, and starring Jared Leto, Alicia Witt, and Rebecca Gayheart. Its plot focuses on a series of murders on the campus of a private New England university, all of which appear to be modeled after popular urban legends. In addition to its younger cast, the film features supporting performances from Robert Englund, Loretta Devine, John Neville, and Brad Dourif.

neg: Sand Sharks Sand Sharks is a 2011 American direct-to-video horror film directed by Mark Atkins about a horde of monstrous sharks that swim through sand and hunt people. It stars Corin Nemec, Brooke Hogan, Vanessa Lee Evigan, Eric Scott Woods, and Gina Holden.

neg: St. Elmo's Fire (film) St. Elmo's Fire is a 1985 American coming-of-age film directed by Joel Schumacher. The film, starring Emilio Estevez, Rob Lowe, Andrew McCarthy, Demi Moore, Judd Nelson, Ally Sheedy, and Mare Winningham, centers on a group of friends, recent graduates of Georgetown University, and their adjustment to their post-university lives and the responsibilities of encroaching adulthood. The film is a prominent movie of the Brat Pack genre.