query: Were United States v. Nixon and Kent v. Dulles both Supreme Court cases?

pos: United States v. Nixon United States v. Nixon, 418 U.S. 683 (1974), was a landmark United States Supreme Court decision which resulted in a unanimous 8–0 ruling against President Richard Nixon, ordering him to deliver presidential tape recordings and other subpoenaed materials to the District Court. Issued on July 24, 1974, the ruling was important to the late stages of the Watergate scandal, when there was an ongoing impeachment process against Richard Nixon. "United States v. Nixon" is considered a crucial precedent limiting the power of any U.S. president to claim executive privilege.

pos: Kent v. Dulles Kent v. Dulles, 357 U.S. 116 (1958) , was a landmark United States Supreme Court case on the right to travel and passport restrictions as they relate to First Amendment free speech rights. It was the first case in which the U.S. Supreme Court made a distinction between the constitutionally protected substantive due process "freedom of movement" and the "right to travel abroad" (subsequently characterized as "right to international travel".

neg: District of Columbia v. John R. Thompson Co. District of Columbia v. John R. Thompson Co. Inc., 346 U.S. 100 (1953), is a United States Supreme Court case which began on April 30, 1953 over the validity of the local Washington Acts of 1872 and 1873. The Acts prohibited segregation in public places within the District. With the court’s support, the legal ramifications of the 1872 and 1873 Acts could once again be enforced. The case transpired during growing racial tension in the nation’s capital. Throughout Washington, the black community had grown tired of unfair treatment regarding housing, businesses, and education. But, change came soon enough through the courts. On June 8, 1953, the Supreme Court unanimously ruled that the segregating policies practiced by Thompson’s Cafeteria were illegal, marking a huge victory for the national black community.

neg: Ex parte Endo Ex parte Endo, or Ex parte Mitsuye Endo, 323 U.S. 283 (1944), was a United States Supreme Court ex parte decision handed down on December 18, 1944, in which the Justices unanimously ruled that the U.S. government could not continue to detain a citizen who was "concededly loyal" to the United States. Although the Court did not touch on the constitutionality of the exclusion of people of Japanese ancestry from the West Coast—which they had found not to violate citizen rights in their "Korematsu v. United States" decision on the same date—the Endo ruling nonetheless led to the reopening of the West Coast to Japanese Americans after their incarceration in camps across the U.S. interior during World War II.

neg: Chase Court The Chase Court refers to the Supreme Court of the United States from 1864 to 1873, when Salmon P. Chase served as the sixth Chief Justice of the United States. Chase succeeded Roger Taney as Chief Justice after the latter's death. Chase served as Chief Justice until his death, at which point Morrison Waite was nominated and confirmed as Chase's successor. The Chase Court presided over the end of the Civil War and much of the Reconstruction Era. During the Chase Court, Congress passed the Habeas Corpus Act 1867, giving the court the ability to issue writs of habeas corpus for defendants tried by state courts. The Chase Court interpreted the Fourteenth Amendent for the first time, and its narrow reading of the Amendment would be adopted by subsequent courts.

neg: Washington v. Davis Washington v. Davis, 426 US 229 (1976) was a United States Supreme Court case that established that laws that have a racially-discriminatory effect but were not adopted to advance a racially-discriminatory purpose are valid, under the US Constitution.

neg: Lee v. Washington Lee v. Washington, 390 U.S. 333 (1968), is a United States Supreme Court decision that upheld an appeals court decision to forbid segregation of public prisons.

neg: Richard S. Arnold Richard Sheppard Arnold (March 26, 1936 – September 23, 2004) was a judge of the U.S. District Court and then the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit. Two presidents, Richard M. Nixon and Bill Clinton, considered naming Arnold to the United States Supreme Court. Polly Price, a former Arnold law clerk and an Emory University law professor who has written a biography of Arnold, said that the judge will be remembered like the great jurist Learned Hand: "perhaps the best judge never to serve on the Supreme Court." In May 2002, the U.S. Courthouse in Little Rock was renamed in Judge Arnold's honor.

neg: Yakus v. United States Yakus v. United States, 321 U.S. 414 (1944), was a decision by the United States Supreme Court which upheld congressional power to fetter judicial review and to delegate broad and flexible law-making power to an administrative agency in this constitutional challenge to the Emergency Price Control Act of 1942. The wartime anti-inflation measure, intended to expedite price control enforcement, conferred on the federal district courts jurisdiction over violations of Office of Price Administration (OPA) regulations made under the act. But judicial power to consider the constitutionality of such regulations was accepted. Congress specified that challenges to their validity be initially reviewed under stringent time limitations by the OPA and on appeal exclusively by a special Article III tribunal in the District of Columbia—the Emergency Court of Appeals—and thereafter by the Supreme Court.

neg: Benton v. Maryland Benton v. Maryland, 395 U.S. 784 (1969) , is a Supreme Court of the United States decision concerning double jeopardy. "Benton" ruled that the Double Jeopardy Clause of the Fifth Amendment applies to the states. In doing so, "Benton" expressly overruled "Palko v. Connecticut", 302 U.S. 319 (1937) .

neg: United States v. Hamilton United States v. Hamilton, 3 U.S. 17 (1795) , was a United States Supreme Court case in which a defendant committed on a charge of treason was released on bail, despite having been imprisoned upon a warrant of committal by a district court judge. The Judiciary Act of 1789 stated that "upon all arrests in criminal cases, bail shall be admitted, except where the punishment may be death, in which cases it shall not be admitted but by the supreme or a circuit court, or by a justice of the supreme court, or a judge of a district court, who shall exercise their discretion therein, regarding the nature and circumstances of the offence, and of the evidence, and the usages of law." Ordinarily, habeas corpus was used to release prisoners held by the judgment of the executive, but not for those who commitment had been authorized by a court order. Hamilton's attorney argued that the district court judge did not hold a hearing before issuing a warrant for his commitment to jail and that the affidavits alleging treasonous activity were weak, while the government urged that the Judiciary Act did not give the Supreme Court the jurisdiction to review the district court's decision unless there was new information or misconduct. The Supreme Court set bail, but without addressing either attorney's arguments.

neg: Gompers v. United States Gompers v. United States, 233 U.S. 604 (1914), was a contempt of court case decided by the Supreme Court of the United States.

neg: Stewart v. United States (1961) Stewart v. United States, 366 U.S. 1 (1961) , was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that asking a criminal defendant whether he had testified in previous trials violated his Fifth Amendment rights.

neg: Reid v. Covert Reid v. Covert, 354 U.S. 1 (1957) , is a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that American civilians outside of the territorial jurisdiction of the United States cannot be tried by U.S. military tribunal, but instead retain the protections guaranteed by the United States Constitution, in this case, trial by jury.

neg: United States v. Harriss United States v. Harriss, 347 U.S. 612 (1954), was a U.S. Supreme Court case applied directly to the Regulation of Lobbying Act.

neg: Rosen v. United States Rosen v. United States, 161 U.S. 29 (1896) , was a case decided by the United States Supreme Court dealing with the concept of obscenity. In a decision written by Justice Harlan, the Court upheld the conviction of the defendant to 13 months hard labor and a fine of $1 for allegedly using the United States Postal Service to send material that was deemed "obscene, lewd and lascivious".

neg: Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer, 343 U.S. 579 (1952) , also commonly referred to as The Steel Seizure Case, was a United States Supreme Court decision that limited the power of the President of the United States to seize private property in the absence of either specifically enumerated authority under Article Two of the United States Constitution or statutory authority conferred on him by Congress. It was a "stinging rebuff" to President Harry Truman.

neg: United States v. Cors United States v. Cors, , was a United States Supreme Court case interpreting the Merchant Marine Act of 1936 and the Takings clause of the 5th amendment to the U.S. Constitution.

neg: United States v. Carolene Products Co. United States v. Carolene Products Company, 304 U.S. 144 (1938), was an April 25, 1938 decision by the United States Supreme Court. The case contains for its famous "Footnote Four" in which the Court established the system of heightened scrutiny for laws targeting "discrete and insular minorities," compared with the lower scrutiny applied for economic regulations, as in this case.

neg: Railroad Commission Cases The Railroad Commission Cases, 116 U.S. 307 (1886) , is a United States Supreme Court case concerning the power of states to set transportation charges of railroad companies. The Court held that the fixing of freight and passenger rates in railroad transportation was a permissible exercise of state police power.

neg: Cleveland v. United States Cleveland v. United States is the name for two United States Supreme Court cases.

neg: Mancusi v. DeForte Mancusi v. DeForte, 392 U.S. 364 , is a 1968 decision of the United States Supreme Court on privacy and the Fourth Amendment. It originated in the lower courts as United States ex rel. Frank DeForte, appellant v. Vincent R. Mancusi, Warden of Attica Prison, Attica, New York, appellee, a petition for a writ of "habeas corpus" by a prisoner who had exhausted all his state appeals. By a 6–3 margin the Court affirmed the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit's reversal of a district court denial of the petition.


query: Fir and Imperata, are a type of tree?

pos: Fir Firs (Abies) are a genus of 48–56 species of evergreen coniferous trees in the family Pinaceae. They are found through much of North and Central America, Europe, Asia, and North Africa, occurring in mountains over most of the range. Firs are most closely related to the genus "Cedrus" (cedar). Douglas firs are not true firs, being of the genus "Pseudotsuga".

pos: Imperata Imperata is a small but widespread genus of tropical and subtropical grasses, commonly known as satintails.

neg: Pinus echinata Pinus echinata, the shortleaf pine, is a species of pine native to the eastern United States from southern most New York State, south to northern Florida, west to eastern Oklahoma, and southwest to eastern Texas. The tree is variable in form, sometimes straight, sometimes crooked, with an irregular crown. This tree reaches heights of 20 – with a trunk diameter of 0.5 – .

neg: Ficus septica Ficus septica (called Hauli tree in the Philippines, 棱果榕 in China and Taiwan) is a shrub or tree of the family Moraceae living at low altitudes from Northeast India to North Australia (Queensland), and throughout Malesia.

neg: Abies guatemalensis Abies guatemalensis or the Guatemalan fir is an evergreen tree native to Central America and is the southernmost member of the genus "Abies" being spread to the south almost up till 14° N. It's range is from southern (less from western and central) Mexico in the north to Honduras and

neg: Sequoiadendron giganteum Sequoiadendron giganteum (giant sequoia; also known as giant redwood, Sierra redwood, Sierran redwood, Wellingtonia or simply Big Treea nickname used by John Muir) is the sole living species in the genus "Sequoiadendron", and one of three species of coniferous trees known as redwoods, classified in the family Cupressaceae in the subfamily Sequoioideae, together with "Sequoia sempervirens" (coast redwood) and "Metasequoia glyptostroboides" (dawn redwood). The common use of the name "sequoia" generally refers to "Sequoiadendron giganteum", which occurs naturally only in groves on the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California.

neg: Podocarpus laetus Podocarpus laetus is a species of conifer in the Podocarpaceae family, commonly known as Hall's tōtara, mountain tōtara or thin-barked tōtara. Previously known as "Podocarpus hallii" and "Podocarpus cunninghamii", in 2015 it was realised that the much earlier name "P. laetus" has priority.

neg: Quercus humboldtii "Quercus humboldtii" is an evergreen tree which grows to a height of 25 meters and a diameter of 1 meter, with buttresses of up to 1 meter. Its bark is reddish grey or grey and fissured, breaking into squares and flaking. The leaves simple, alternate and lanceolate, up to 10–20 cm long, and clustered at the ends of the branches. The flowers are small, yellow, and unisexual, with a racemic inflorescence. Male flowers are numerous, with long-styled female flowers in a cupula. The fruit is a light brown, ovoid capsule, or acorn, with a leathery pericarp, 20–25 mm in diameter and 50–70 mm long, resting on a scaly cupule. Only one fruit per cupule is developed, and the inside of the acorn shell is woolly.

neg: Inga alba Inga alba is a species of tree from the Fabaceae family, native to Central and South America.

neg: Podocarpus monteverdeensis Podocarpus monteverdeensis is a species of conifer in the Podocarpaceae family.

neg: Pine–cypress forest Pine–cypress forest is a type of mixed conifer woodland in which at least one species of pine and one species of cypress are present. Such forests are noted in several parts of North America including Florida and California.

neg: Eucalyptus dura Eucalyptus dura, also known as the smooth-branched ironbark, or gum-topped ironbark, is a Eucalyptus tree of eastern Australia. It is a relatively uncommon tree found on dry ridges and mountainous regions of north-east New South Wales and south-east Queensland, particularly around the McPherson Range and peaks such as Mount Greville.

neg: Oak-heath forest An oak-heath forest is a plant community association and type of forest ecology. It is a deciduous forest type of well-drained, acidic soils, characterized by oaks ("Quercus") and plants of the heath family, Ericaceae. It is commonly found in the high elevations of the eastern United States. Such forest areas typically have a dense fibrous root layer at the surface of the soil, and in many areas predominate on south-facing or southwest-facing slopes. Many of the existing oak-heath forests once featured American chestnut as an important canopy species.

neg: Callitris Callitris is a genus of coniferous trees in the Cupressaceae (cypress family). There are 16 recognized species in the genus, of which 13 are native to Australia and the other three ("C. neocaledonica, C. sulcata") native to New Caledonia. Traditionally, the most widely used common name is cypress-pine, a name shared by some species of the closely related genus "Actinostrobus".

neg: Phellodendron Phellodendron, or cork-tree, is a genus of deciduous trees in the family Rutaceae, native to east and northeast Asia. It has leathery, pinnate leaves and yellow, clumped flowers. The name refers to the thick and corky bark of some (but not all) species in the genus.

neg: Shorea isoptera Shorea isoptera is a species of plant in the Dipterocarpaceae family. It is a tree endemic to Borneo.

neg: Abies alba Abies alba, the European silver fir or silver fir, is a fir native to the mountains of Europe, from the Pyrenees north to Normandy, east to the Alps and the Carpathians, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and south to Italy, Bulgaria and northern Greece.

neg: Cyathea spinulosa Cyathea spinulosa, also known as the flying spider-monkey tree fern, is a species of tree fern in the family Cyatheaceae.

neg: Abies cilicica Abies cilicica, commonly known as Cilician fir or Taurus fir, is a species of conifer in the Pinaceae family. It is found in Lebanon, Syria, and Turkey. "Abies cilicica" and "Cedrus libani", together with "Acer hyrcanum" subsp. "Tauricolum" and "Sorbus torminalis" subsp. "Orientalis", are the predominant trees in the Abeti-Cedrion forests of the Middle and Eastern Taurus Mountains of Turkey. These forests occur between 800 and 2100 meters elevation. Over 5000 years of logging, burning, and grazing have reduced these forests to enclaves.

neg: Ernocornutia firna Ernocornutia firna is a species of moth of the Tortricidae family. It is found in Cañar Province, Ecuador.

neg: Philenoptera violacea Philenoptera violacea know also as apple leaf or rain tree, Afrikaans: "Appelblaar" , Sotho: "Mphata" , Tsonga: "Mohata" , Zulu: "Isihomohomo" ) is a plant species in the legume family (Fabaceae).

neg: Beech Beech ("Fagus") is a genus of deciduous trees in the family Fagaceae, native to temperate Europe, Asia and North America. Recent classification systems of the genus recognize ten to thirteen species in two distinct subgenera, "Engleriana" and "Fagus". The "Engleriana" subgenus is found only in East Asia, and is notably distinct from the "Fagus" subgenus in that these beeches are low-branching trees, often made up of several major trunks with yellowish bark. Further differentiating characteristics include the whitish bloom on the underside of the leaves, the visible tertiary leaf veins, and a long, smooth cupule-peduncle. "Fagus japonica", "Fagus engleriana", and the species "F. okamotoi", proposed by the botanist Chung-Fu Shen in 1992, comprise this subgenus. The better known "Fagus" subgenus beeches are high-branching with tall, stout trunks and smooth silver-grey bark. This group includes "Fagus sylvatica", "Fagus grandifolia", "Fagus crenata", "Fagus lucida", "Fagus longipetiolata", and "Fagus hayatae". The classification of the European beech, "Fagus sylvatica" is complex, with a variety of different names proposed for different species and subspecies within this region (for example "Fagus taurica", "Fagus orientalis", and "Fagus moesica"). Research suggests that beeches in Eurasia differentiated fairly late in evolutionary history, during the Miocene. The populations in this area represent a range of often overlapping morphotypes, though genetic analysis does not clearly support separate species.


query: Which organization did both Billy McMillen and the Irish National Liberation army have affiliations with until 'the Troubles' 1974?

pos: Billy McMillen Liam "Billy" McMillen (19 May 1927 – 28 April 1975) was an Irish republican activist and an officer of the Official Irish Republican Army (OIRA) from Belfast, Northern Ireland. He was killed in 1975, in a feud with the Irish National Liberation Army (INLA), which had broken away from the OIRA.

pos: Irish National Liberation Army The Irish National Liberation Army (INLA, Irish: "Arm Saoirse Náisiúnta na hÉireann" ) is an Irish republican socialist paramilitary group formed in December 1974, during "the Troubles". It seeks to remove Northern Ireland from the United Kingdom and create a socialist republic encompassing all of Ireland. It is the paramilitary wing of the Irish Republican Socialist Party (IRSP).

neg: Ulster Volunteer Service Corps The Ulster Volunteer Service Corps (UVSC) was an Ulster loyalist vigilante and paramilitary movement active in Northern Ireland during the early 1970s. Initially the steward group for the Ulster Vanguard (later the Vanguard Unionist Progressive Party), under the title "Vanguard Service Corps", it continued to exist after becoming independent of that movement.

neg: Irish Republican Army and the Anglo-Irish Treaty The Irish Republican Army was a guerrilla army that fought the Irish War of Independence against Britain from 1919–1921. It saw itself as the legitimate army of the Irish Republic declared in 1919. The Anglo-Irish Treaty, which ended this conflict, was a compromise which abolished the Irish Republic, but created the self-governing Irish Free State, within the British Empire. The IRA was deeply split over whether to accept the Treaty. Some accepted, whereas some rejected not only the Treaty but also the civilian authorities who had accepted it. This attitude eventually led to the outbreak of the Irish Civil War in late June 1922 between pro- and anti-Treaty factions.

neg: James McElroy James "Jimmy Mac" McElroy (1945 - 2011) was an Irish American mobster and racketeer from Manhattan, New York who was an enforcer for The Westies, a criminal organization that operated out of Hell's Kitchen.

neg: Liam Mac an Ultaigh Liam Mac an Ultaigh of Dublin (fl. c. 1965) is an Irish Nationalist and was Chief Scout of the Fianna Éireann from 1965. In such tenure, Mac an Ultaigh is most recognized for his work on the Committee that under his administration drafted the Fianna Handbook’s 3rd or 1965 (1st 1913, 2nd 1924) edition, which uniquely of the editions attempts to chronicle the organization’s history. Notably, this thorough and well documented Handbook history conclusively disputes traditional histories, which credit the Irish Republican Brotherhood’s Bulmer Hobson with founding the “Scouts” and exposes a, possible, anti-feminist bias in the traditional histories. The 3rd Handbook in its section “The History and Tradition of the Fianna Éireann” at its pages 24–26 credits instead the Sinn Féin’s Constance Markievicz or “the Countess Markievicz” with founding “Na Fianna Éireann”. As already noted in the Wikipedia article Fianna Éireann, Patrick Pearse has stated that the creation of Fianna Éireann was historically as important to the liberation of Southern and Western Ireland from British rule and the founding of the Irish Free State and, later, the Republic of Ireland as was the creation of the Irish Volunteers in 1913. The paramilitary Fianna Éireann youth Scouts were involved particularly with gun running commencing with the 1916 Easter Rising and later in combat, particularly in Dublin, during the Civil War period of 1922-1924.

neg: Ulster Workers' Council The Ulster Workers Council was a loyalist workers' organisation set up in Northern Ireland in 1974 as a more formalised successor to the Loyalist Association of Workers (LAW). It was formed by shipyard union leader Harry Murray and initially failed to gain much attention. However, with the full support of the Ulster Defence Association (UDA) the UWC became the main mobilising force for loyalist opposition to power-sharing arrangements.

neg: Paddy McGuigan Patrick Joseph "Paddy Joe" McGuigan (8 December 1939 – 17 March 2014) was an Irish musician who played for some years with the folk group The Barleycorn. He has written some Irish rebel songs, including "The Men Behind the Wire", "The Boys of the Old Brigade", "Irish Soldier Laddie", "Freedom Walk" and "Bring Them Home".

neg: Colm Condon Colm Condon (16 July 1921 – 9 August 2008) was Attorney General of Ireland from 1965 until 1973. He served in office during the beginning of the Troubles in Northern Ireland in the late 1960s.

neg: Billy Wright (loyalist) William Stephen "Billy" Wright (7 July 1960 – 27 December 1997) was a prominent Ulster loyalist during the ethno-nationalist conflict in Northern Ireland known as the Troubles. He joined the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) in 1975 and became commander of its Mid-Ulster Brigade in the early 1990s, having taken over from Robin "the Jackal" Jackson. According to the Royal Ulster Constabulary, Wright was involved in the sectarian killings of up to 20 Catholics, although he was never convicted for any. It has been alleged that Wright, like his predecessor, was an agent of the British security forces.

neg: Provisional IRA South Armagh Brigade The South Armagh Brigade of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) operated during the Troubles in south County Armagh. It was organised into two battalions, one around Jonesborough and another around Crossmaglen. By the 1990s, the South Armagh Brigade was thought to consist of about 40 members, roughly half of them living south of the border. It has allegedly been commanded since the 1970s by Thomas 'Slab' Murphy who is also alleged to be a member of the IRA's Army Council. Compared to other brigades, the South Armagh IRA was seen as an 'independent republic' within the republican movement, retaining a battalion organizational structure and not adopting the cell structure the rest of the IRA was forced to adopt after repeated intelligence failures.

neg: Irish Republican Army (disambiguation) The Irish Republican Army is any of several armed movements dedicated to Irish republicanism.

neg: Scottish National Liberation Army The Scottish National Liberation Army (SNLA), sometimes dubbed the "Tartan Terrorists", was a small militant group which aimed to bring about Scottish independence from the United Kingdom. The SNLA has been proscribed by the UK government. The group has been reported to have been founded by Adam Busby, a former soldier from Paisley after the 1979 devolution referendum, which the organisation claimed was fixed.

neg: The Troubles in Maguiresbridge The Troubles in Maguiresbridge recounts incidents during, and the effects of, the Troubles in Maguiresbridge, County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland.

neg: Northern Ireland peace process The Northern Ireland peace process is often considered to cover the events leading up to the 1994 Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) ceasefire, the end of most of the violence of the Troubles, the Good Friday (or Belfast) Agreement of 1998, and subsequent political developments.

neg: Northern Campaign (Irish Republican Army) The Northern Campaign was a series of attacks by the Irish Republican Army (IRA) Northern Command between September 1942 and December 1944 against the security forces in Northern Ireland. The action taken by the Northern Ireland and Irish Free State governments as a result of these attacks shattered the IRA and resulted in the former being free from IRA activity by the end of World War Two.

neg: Seán McCaughey Seán McCaughey (Irish: Seán Mac Eóchaidh) (1915 – 11 May 1946) was an Irish Republican Army leader in the 1930s and 1940s, and hunger striker.

neg: Robin King Robin Andrew "Billy" King, (born 7 July 1966) is a Northern Irish loyalist paramilitary leader who, despite having been born into a Catholic family, served as the commander of the Ulster Protestant Loyalist Volunteer Force (LVF). A close friend of the organisation's founder Billy Wright, King took over as leader following the death of Mark "Swinger" Fulton, who had succeeded Wright when he was assassinated by the Irish National Liberation Army (INLA) in December 1997.

neg: Ned McCreery Edward "Ned" McCreery (c. 1945 – 15 April 1992) was a Northern Irish loyalist. A leading member of the Ulster Defence Association (UDA), he was notorious for the use of torture in his killings. He was leader of the UDA East Belfast Brigade for several years at a time when the brigade was at its most active. He later fell out of favour with other high-ranking UDA figures and was killed by unidentified members of the organisation.

neg: Ulster Army Council The Ulster Army Council (or UAC) was set up in 1973 as an umbrella group by the Ulster Defence Association and the Ulster Volunteer Force to co-ordinate joint paramilitary operations during the Ulster Workers' Council Strike. Andy Tyrie was the head of the group – and was also the then commander of the Ulster Defence Association.

neg: NORAID NORAID or the Irish Northern Aid Committee is an Irish American fundraising organization founded after the start of the Troubles in Northern Ireland in 1969, best known for raising funds for the Provisional Irish Republican Army.

neg: The Troubles The Troubles (Irish: "Na Trioblóidí" ) was an ethno-nationalist conflict in Northern Ireland during the late 20th century. Also known internationally as the Northern Ireland conflict, it is sometimes described as a "guerrilla war" or a "low-level war". The conflict began in the late 1960s and it is usually deemed to have ended with the Good Friday Agreement of 1998. Although the Troubles mainly took place in Northern Ireland, at times the violence spilled over into parts of the Republic of Ireland, England and mainland Europe.


query: Sinclair, West Virginia is named after oil drilling performed by a company founded by whom?

pos: Sinclair, West Virginia Sinclair is an unincorporated community in Preston County, West Virginia, located at the intersection of Davis Hill Road and Sinclair Coalbank Road. The town is named after oil drilling in the area performed by Sinclair Oil Corp. The Sinclair United Methodist Church is also located in Sinclair, West Virginia.

pos: Sinclair Oil Corporation Sinclair Oil Corporation is an American petroleum corporation, founded by Harry F. Sinclair on May 1, 1916, as the Sinclair Oil and Refining Corporation by combining the assets of 11 small petroleum companies. Originally a New York corporation, Sinclair Oil reincorporated in Wyoming in 1976. The corporation's logo features the silhouette of a large green dinosaur.

neg: Skelly Oil Skelly Oil Company was a medium-sized oil company founded in 1919 by William Grove (Bill) Skelly, Chesley Coleman Herndon and Frederick A. Pielsticker in Tulsa, Oklahoma. J. Paul Getty acquired control of the company during the 1930s. Skelly Oil became part of Getty Oil Company, Mission Oil Company, Tidewater Oil Company. It became defunct when absorbed by Getty Oil Company in 1974, and the abandoned Skelly brand logo was revived by Nimmons-Joliet Development Corp. in 2012.

neg: Tervita Tervita is a private company based out of Alberta, Canada that specializes in energy and environmental waste services. It was co-founded by David P. Werklund as Concord Well Servicing in 1979. It became Canadian Crude Separators Corporation (CCS Corp.) in 1984. In 2012, twelve companies under CCS Corporation, to include CCS Midstream Services and Hazco, formed under Tervita.

neg: Standard Oil of Iowa Standard Oil Company of Iowa was created in 1885 as a subsidiary of the Standard Oil Trust to handle marketing along the Pacific Coast states of Idaho, Oregon, Washington, California, and Arizona. Though named for the midwestern state, it never included Iowa as one of its primary marketing areas. A prior company named Standard Oil of California had been formed in 1877, and was not associated with the Standard Oil Trust. In 1906, Standard Oil of Iowa was dissolved and its assets handed over to a new Standard Oil of California, later Chevron Oil Company, and now the Chevron Corporation. Standard Oil Company of Iowa is thus the original company that is now Chevron.

neg: Crown Central Petroleum Crown Central Petroleum, commonly known as Crown, is an American Oil Company that has flourished in Baltimore since the early 20th century until its recent decline due to rebranding.

neg: Tandy Corporation Tandy Corporation was an American family-owned leather goods company based in Fort Worth, Texas. Tandy Leather was founded in 1919 as a leather supply store and acquired a number of craft retail companies, including RadioShack in 1963. In 2000, the Tandy Corporation name was dropped and the entity became the RadioShack Corporation.

neg: Western Company of North America The Western Company of North America (1939-1995) was a petroleum industry services company formerly based in Texas. It was one of the pioneers of the "acidizing process," a method of improving the flow from natural gas and oil wells.

neg: Cenovus Energy Cenovus Energy Inc. (pronounced se-nō-vus) is an integrated oil company headquartered in Calgary, Alberta.

neg: Red Diamond Red Diamond Inc. is a coffee, tea, and food service company headquartered in Birmingham, Alabama. Red Diamond, founded in 1906, is one of the three oldest coffee and teas companies in the United States and has continuously been operated by members of the same family.

neg: ExxonMobil Exxon Mobil Corporation is an American multinational oil and gas corporation headquartered in Irving, Texas. It is the largest direct descendant of John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil Company, and was formed on November 30, 1999 by the merger of Exxon (formerly Standard Oil Company of New Jersey) and Mobil (formerly the Standard Oil Company of New York).

neg: Obsidian Energy Obsidian Energy Ltd. (previously known as Penn West Exploration Ltd., Penn West Petroleum and Penn West Energy Trust) is a mid-sized Canadian oil and natural gas production company based in Calgary, Alberta.

neg: Atlas Energy Atlas America, Inc. is a natural gas and oil extraction company based in suburban Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in the United States. The corporation is also involved in the transportation of resources and features a pipeline division. The base of operations for the company is in the Appalachian shale deposits, as well as in similar ones in the Midwest. Natural gas is processed by the company in facilities in Oklahoma and Texas.

neg: Oil Insurance Limited Oil Insurance Limited (OIL) is a Bermuda–based mutual insurance company. It was founded in 1972 by 16 oil companies.

neg: Plains Exploration & Production Plains Exploration & Production was an American petroleum company based in Houston, Texas. A spin-off from Plains Resources, Inc., the company was founded in 2002. Its operations, as of 2009, were all in North America, including California, Texas, Louisiana, Wyoming, and offshore of California and in the Gulf of Mexico. The company reported proved reserves of 292 million barrels of oil equivalent (BOE) at the end of 2008, with a potential total of over 2.2 billion BOE. In 2007, it was the fourth-largest oil producer in California (behind Chevron Corp., Aera Energy, and Occidental Petroleum). It was acquired by Freeport-McMoRan in May 2013, at which time the former properties of PXP became part of the FCX Oil & Gas Inc. (FM O&G) division of Freeport-McMoRan.

neg: Saga Petroleum LLC Saga Petroleum Company ("Saga") is a Denver, Colorado-headquartered limited liability company owned by Brent Morse and Charles Farmer. Saga Petroleum operates and drills oil and gas wells primarily in the U.S. states of Wyoming, Texas, West Virginia, Colorado, New Mexico, Montana and Alabama. Saga's natural gas and oil production revenues exceed the hundred million dollar mark annually. Saga was also listed as the 49th largest private company in Colorado in 2006.

neg: Penn Virginia Penn Virginia Corporation is an independent oil and gas company engaged in the exploration, development and production of oil, NGLs and natural gas in various domestic onshore regions of the United States, with a primary focus in the Eagle Ford Shale in South Texas. Penn Virginia recently relocated its corporate headquarters from Radnor, Pennsylvania to Houston, Texas and continues district operations facilities at various locations in Texas.

neg: O'Neal Steel O'Neal Steel, Inc., based in Birmingham, Alabama, United States, is the nation's largest privately owned full-line metals service center. The company was established in 1921 by Kirkman O'Neal, and has evolved from a metal fabricator to a distributor of ferrous and non-ferrous metal products, as well as a source for metal processing and manufacturing of various complex components. Originally focused on serving customers in the Southeastern United States, the company has grown through both expansion and acquisition, and now has more than 80 facilities and offices in North America, Europe, and Asia.

neg: Dominion Enterprises Dominion Enterprises is a Norfolk, Virginia-based media and information services company for the automotive and commercial vehicle, real estate, apartment rental and travel industries. It has Internet and printed media operations. Dominion Enterprises was established in September 2006 by Landmark Media Enterprises (formerly Landmark Communications), following a division of assets of its predecessor company, Trader Publishing, between shared owners Landmark and Cox Enterprises.

neg: Emerson Francis Woodward Emerson Francis Woodward (February 23, 1879 – May 24, 1943) was an oilman who co-founded the Yount-Lee Oil Company which made a major discovery at the Spindletop field near Beaumont, Texas. In 1935, Woodward and partners sold the company to Standard Oil & Gas for $46 million.

neg: Energy Alberta Corporation Energy Alberta Corporation was created in 2005 to provide nuclear power to the energy-intensive development of the oil sands resources in northern Alberta, Canada. The company was founded by Hank Swartout, CEO of Precision Drilling Corporation, and Wayne Henuset, co-owner of Willow Park Wines and Spirits in Calgary, Alberta. In 2007 Energy Alberta was acquired by Bruce Power of Ontario. Bruce decided to relocate the site to Whitemud.

neg: Vetco Vetco was established in July 2004 and operated through its subsidiaries Vetco Gray and Vetco Aibel AS. Vetco was the result of a consortium consisting of the private equity firms Candover, 3i and JP Morgan Partners taking over ABB's oil and gas division; ABB Offshore Systems. Vetco was made out of companies that have serviced the upstream oil and gas industry since 1903. These companies are suppliers of products, systems and services for onshore and offshore drilling and production, project management, engineering, procurement and construction services, process systems and equipment, maintenance, modification and operations. Vetco was headquartered in London UK, and employed over 10000 people in more than 30 countries worldwide.


query: Astralwerks was a label that released an album by the artist from what North Carolina city?

pos: Astralwerks Astralwerks is a US-based record label primarily focused on electronic and dance music. A unit of Universal Music Group, its material is distributed via Capitol Music Group, and also releases materials mostly from EMI Music Australia. Some of the label's most popular recent releases have come from deadmau5, Mat Zo, Porter Robinson, Empire of the Sun, Nervo and Halsey.

pos: Porter Robinson Porter Weston Robinson (born July 15, 1992) is an American DJ, record producer and musician from Chapel Hill, North Carolina. He has released multiple number one singles across different electronic genres. His debut full length studio album, "Worlds", was released on August 12, 2014.

neg: Nile (singer) Nile (born Jenée Grevious) is an American singer. In 2002 she released her debut album, Born. She listed family, spirituality and nature as influences in her music. Her music has been described as Bristolian and may be thought of as trip hop.

neg: Midnight Black Midnight Black, born Tracey Sewell, is an American record producer and songwriter from Atlanta, Georgia; known for his street and club anthems, solid production with hard-hitting basses, crazy drum patterns, powerful brass as well as strings with dominating synths,with a flipside of neo-soul with luscious chords and unpredictable melodies with hard hitting drums.

neg: Paper Diamond Alexander Botwin, better known by his stage name Paper Diamond (formerly Alex B), is an American electronic music producer from Colorado. He signed with Pretty Lights Music in December 2010, and released his first album Levitate on January 25, 2011.

neg: Khari Wynn Khari James Wynn (born November 23, 1981) is an American guitarist and recording artist from Memphis, Tennessee.

neg: The Delightful Bars The Delightful Bars is the title of the second album by the North Carolina rapper Rapper Big Pooh. It was released for digital and retail versions on March 24, 2009, followed by other four versions, with different track lists and songs: "North American Pie" (included two different covers), "Belgian Chocolate", "Japanese Daifoku" and the iTunes exclusive track list. Produced by 9th Wonder and Khrysis, that helped in the production of his last album, Sleepers, added production of IllMind and others. Pooh also collaborated in the production, and wrote all the sounds, the musics with collaborations, has these parts in the song, written by the guest, these include Chaundon, Jay Rock, Darien Brockington, Torae among others.

neg: Chastity Brown Chastity Brown (born June 1, 1982) is an American singer-songwriter and musician based out of Minneapolis, Minnesota. Critics have dubbed her "a banjo-playing soul-singer" and "a rocking, rolling encyclopedia of roots music."

neg: Jon Woods Jonathan Earl Woods, known as Jon Woods (born August 23, 1977, in Charlotte, North Carolina), is a former member of both houses of the Arkansas General Assembly and is a record producer and musician.

neg: Gangstress Gangstress is the second studio album by American rapper Khia. The album was released by Thug Misses Entertainment and Warlock Records on July 11, 2006 in the United States. The album was fully produced by Khia. It debuted at #67 on the "Billboard"'s Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart.

neg: Applejaxx Ernest Owens (born October 3, 1982 in Fayetteville, North Carolina) better known as Applejaxx, is a Christian hip hop artist from North Carolina.

neg: Adam Watts (musician) Adam Watts (born "Adam Matthew Watts"; December 8, 1975) is an American music and visual artist. His work as a rock and pop artist, singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, producer, mixing engineer and visual artist has garnered critical acclaim. His songwriting and productions are featured on over 50 million records sold worldwide in both the mainstream and contemporary Christian music industries. Watts owns a fine art gallery in Downtown Fullerton, CA (INTERNAL Gallery & Oddities) which features his haunting and poignant mixed media assemblage fine art and photography, as well as his handmade leather goods (under the brand name: AMW HUMAN DECOR).

neg: Eluvium (musician) Eluvium is the moniker of the American ambient recording artist Matthew Cooper, who currently resides in Portland, Oregon. Cooper, who was born in Tennessee and raised in Louisville, Kentucky, before relocating to the Northwest, is known for blending various genres of experimental music including electronic, minimalism and piano. His albums often feature artwork and photographs by Jeannie Paske.

neg: Chalee Tennison Chalee Tennison (born April 11, 1969) is an American country music artist from the state of Texas. She has released three major-label studio albums (two on Asylum Records and one on Dreamworks Records) in addition to charting six singles on the "Billboard" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts. Her highest charting singles, "Just Because She Lives There" and "Go Back", both reached No. 36 on that chart.

neg: Ben Neill Ben Neill (b. Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 1957) is an American composer, trumpeter, producer, and inventor of the "mutantrumpet", a hybrid electro-acoustic instrument. Neill's music has been recorded on the Universal/Verve, Astralwerks, Thirsty Ear, Six Degrees, Ramseur, New Tone and Ear-Rational labels. A former student of La Monte Young, Neill spent seven years as the music curator for The Kitchen in New York. He has collaborated with DJ Spooky, David Wojnarowicz, Page Hamilton, Mimi Goese and Nicolas Collins, and performed on albums by David Behrman, John Cale and Rhys Chatham.

neg: Jenny Owen Youngs Jenny Owen Youngs (born November 22, 1981) is an American singer-songwriter from Montclair, New Jersey. She has released three albums and a handful of EPs both independently and via Nettwerk Records. She has toured worldwide, headlining and also supporting artists such as Regina Spektor, Against Me!, Frank Turner, Motion City Soundtrack, and Streetlight Manifesto.

neg: Tanya Morgan Tanya Morgan is an American hip hop group, which consists of MC William Donald "Donwill" Freeman and MC/producer Devon "Von Pea" Callender. Donwill is from Cincinnati, Ohio, while Von Pea is from Brooklyn, New York. Their third studio album, "Rubber Souls", was released on September 24, 2013.

neg: David Raleigh David Raleigh is a New York City based singer, songwriter and piano player.

neg: The North Pole by Submarine The North Pole by Submarine is the first and only album released by ambient techno artist Bleep. Bleep was the one-time moniker of Geir Jenssen, who is more widely known as Biosphere. Shortly after "North Pole" was released, Jenssen moved in a far more ambient direction with his music, and changed the name under which he released his new music to avoid any comparison with "bleep house".

neg: Carol Lynn Townes Carol Lynn Townes is an American soul singer from Warrenton, North Carolina.

neg: J. Cole Jermaine Lamarr Cole (born January 28, 1985), better known by his stage name J. Cole, is an American hip hop recording artist and record producer. Raised in Fayetteville, North Carolina, Cole initially gained recognition as a rapper following the release of his debut mixtape, "The Come Up", in early 2007. Intent on further pursuing a solo career as a rapper, he went on to release two additional mixtapes after signing to Jay Z's Roc Nation imprint in 2009.

neg: Wes Swing Wes Swing (born June 2, 1982, in Virginia) is a singer-songwriter based in Charlottesville, Virginia. His first album, Through a Fogged Glass was released in early 2011.


query: Who founded the church that owns the Christian Science Center in Boston, Massachusetts?

pos: Christian Science Center The Christian Science Center is a 14.5 acre site on the corner of Massachusetts Avenue and Huntington Avenue in the Fenway neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. A popular tourist attraction, the center is owned by the Church of Christ, Scientist (the Christian Science church), which refers to it as Christian Science Plaza. The complex, including most of the landscape was designated as a Boston Landmark by the Boston Landmarks Commission in 2011.

pos: Church of Christ, Scientist The Church of Christ, Scientist was founded in 1879 in Boston, Massachusetts, by Mary Baker Eddy, author of "Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures," and founder of Christian Science. The church was founded "to commemorate the word and works of [Christ Jesus]" and "reinstate primitive Christianity and its lost element of healing". Sunday services are held throughout the year and weekly testimony meetings are held on Wednesday evenings, where following brief readings from the Bible and the Christian Science textbook, those in attendance are invited to give testimonies of healing brought about through Christian Science prayer.

neg: Peter Whitmer log home The Peter Whitmer log home is a historic site located in Fayette, New York, United States, owned and operated by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). The current house is a replica of the original log cabin and at its original site, and was built in 1980 to mark the sesquicentennial of the founding of the church. In the early 19th century, it was the home of Peter Whitmer, Sr., his wife Mary Musselman Whitmer, and their eight children: Christian, Jacob, John, David, Catherine, Peter Jr., Nancy, and Elizabeth Ann, who lived on the property from 1809–1830. The house is prominent in the early history of the Latter Day Saint movement as the traditional location of the formal organization of the Church of Christ, the original name of the church founded by Joseph Smith on April 6, 1830, and is near the site where The Three Witnesses were shown the golden plates by the Angel Moroni in 1829. Joseph Smith and his wife Emma lived in the home with the Whitmers for six months in 1829, with a large part of the Book of Mormon being translated during that time. The house and adjacent visitor center are open year-round for public tours.

neg: Latter Day Saint movement The Latter Day Saint movement (also called the LDS movement, LDS restorationist movement, or Smith–Rigdon movement) is the collection of independent church groups that trace their origins to a Christian primitivist movement founded by Joseph Smith in the late 1820s. Collectively, these churches have over 15 million members. The vast majority of adherents belong to The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), with their predominant theology being Mormonism. The LDS Church self-identifies as Christian. A minority of Latter Day Saint adherents, such as members of the Community of Christ, believe in traditional Protestant theology, and have distanced themselves from some of the distinctive doctrines of Mormonism. Other groups include the Remnant Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, which supports lineal succession of leadership from Smith's descendants, and the more controversial Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, which defends the practice of polygamy.

neg: Fourth Church of Christ, Scientist (Milwaukee) The former Fourth Church of Christ, Scientist, built between 1929 and 1930, is an historic Christian Science church building located at 3069 North Downer Avenue / 2519 E. Kenwood Boulevard) in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Designed in the Georgian Revival style of architecture by the noted Chicago-based architect Charles Draper Faulkner, the building features a redbrick exterior with Bedford limestone trim. The first services in the completed building were held on June 29, 1930. Sometime after 1996 Fourth Church relocated to 2011 East Capitol Drive in Shorewood, Wisconsin. Today the building is the Chinese Christian Church of Milwaukee'

neg: St. Mary's Church (New Haven, Connecticut) The Church of St. Mary, New Haven, Connecticut, United States, is the parish church of the second oldest Roman Catholic parish in Connecticut. The parish was established in 1832 and is located near Yale University. The Knights of Columbus was founded here in 1882 by Father Michael J. McGivney, who was then the church's assistant pastor. The church is currently run by friars of the Dominican Order.

neg: Bible Missionary Church Bible Missionary Church, founded in 1955, is an evangelical, holiness Christian denomination headquartered in the United States. The church is part of the holiness movement and has roots in the teachings of John Wesley. The church is Wesleyan in doctrine and Arminian in theology.

neg: Christian History Institute Christian History Institute is a non-profit organization located in Worcester, Pennsylvania, producer or co-producer of several award-winning films, "" series, and the founder of "Christian History" magazine.

neg: Harvard College Observatory The Harvard College Observatory (HCO) is an institution managing a complex of buildings and multiple instruments used for astronomical research by the Harvard University Department of Astronomy. It is located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, and was founded in 1839. With the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, it forms part of the Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.

neg: National Center for Science Education The National Center for Science Education (NCSE) is a not-for-profit membership organization in the United States whose stated mission is to educate the press and the public on the scientific and educational aspects of controversies surrounding the teaching of evolution and climate change, and to provide information and resources to schools, parents, and other citizens working to keep those topics in public school science education. Based in Oakland, California, it claims 4,500 members that include scientists, teachers, clergy, and citizens of varied religious and political affiliations. The Center opposes the teaching of religious views in science classes in America's public schools through initiatives such as Project Steve, and has been called the United States' "leading anti-creationist organization". The Center is affiliated with the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

neg: Metcalf Center for Science and Engineering Metcalf Center for Science and Engineering (SCI) is a building owned by Boston University and named for Arthur G.B. Metcalf. Metcalf founded what would later become the university's engineering college and served as its chair. He also donated millions of dollars toward the construction of the building. Located at 590-596 Commonwealth Avenue, the building contains offices, classrooms, and laboratories primarily used by the Physics, Chemistry, and Biology Departments of the College of Arts and Sciences. Its facilities are also used for biomedical research. Boston University boasts that there is a waiting list for researchers wanting to conduct research in the building.

neg: Kentucky Science Center The Kentucky Science Center, previously known as the Louisville Museum of Natural History & Science and then Louisville Science Center, is Kentucky's largest hands-on science museum. Located in Louisville, Kentucky's "Museum Row" in the West Main District of downtown, the museum operates as a non-profit organization. It was founded in 1871 as a natural history collection, and now more than half a million people visit the museum annually. More students in Kentucky take field trips to the Kentucky Science Center than to any other destination.

neg: Chris Oyakhilome Chris Oyakhilome (also known as "Pastor Chris") is a Nigerian Christian minister who is the founding president of Believers' Loveworld Incorporated, also known as Christ Embassy, a Bible-based Christian ministry headquartered in Lagos.

neg: First Church of Christ, Scientist, Perth First Church of Christ, Scientist, Perth is a Christian Science church located at 264 St Georges Terrace, on the corner of Elder Street, in Perth, Western Australia.

neg: Moody Bible Institute Moody Bible Institute (MBI) is a Christian institution of higher education that was founded by evangelist and businessman Dwight Lyman Moody in 1886. Since its founding, MBI's main campus has been located in the Near North Side of Chicago. Moody also operates an undergraduate campus in Spokane, Washington, and a graduate campus in Plymouth, MI.

neg: Christian Science practitioner A Christian Science practitioner is an individual who prays for others according to the teachings of Christian Science. Treatment is non-medical, rather it is based on the Bible and the Christian Science textbook, "Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures" (1875) by Mary Baker Eddy (1821–1910), who "discovered" Christian Science in 1866 and founded the Christian Science church in 1879. According to the church, Christian Science practitioners address physical conditions, as well as relationship or financial difficulties and any other problem or crisis. Practitioners are either "listed" or "unlisted," a designation that refers to a form of international accreditation maintained by The Mother Church, in Boston, Massachusetts.

neg: American Scientific Affiliation The American Scientific Affiliation (ASA) is a Christian religious organization of scientists and people in science-related disciplines. The stated purpose is "to investigate any area relating Christian faith and science." The organization publishes a journal, "Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith" which covers topics related to Christian faith and science from a Christian viewpoint.

neg: Brook Farm Brook Farm, also called the Brook Farm Institute of Agriculture and Education or the Brook Farm Association for Industry and Education, was a utopian experiment in communal living in the United States in the 1840s. It was founded by former Unitarian minister George Ripley and his wife Sophia Ripley at the Ellis Farm in West Roxbury, Massachusetts (9 miles outside of downtown Boston) in 1841 and was inspired in part by the ideals of Transcendentalism, a religious and cultural philosophy based in New England. Founded as a joint stock company, it promised its participants a portion of the profits from the farm in exchange for performing an equal share of the work. Brook Farmers believed that by sharing the workload, ample time would be available for leisure activities and intellectual pursuits.

neg: Jacob Albright Jacob Albright (Jakob Albrecht) (May 1, 1759 – May 17, 1808) was an American Christian leader, founder of Albright's People (Die Albrechtsleute) which was officially named the Evangelical Association (Evangelische Gemeinschaft) in 1816. This church underwent various mergers and schisms and today is a part of the United Methodist Church.

neg: Grace Gospel Chapel The Grace Gospel Chapel is an LGBT friendly Evangelical Christian church located in the Ballard neighborhood of Seattle, Washington. The church was founded ca. 1977 by Vic Van Campen.

neg: Christ Church USA Christ Church is a non-denominational Christian congregation composed of people from diverse racial, cultural, and ethnic backgrounds. It is a community minded congregation with a global sensitivity. Christ Church exists to "Unite People to God and People to People". The Lord continues to be a source of transformation for every person who comes through its doors. It is the hope of Christ Church that spiritual needs will be met, and that physical and emotional concerns are addressed as God is sought through praise and worship.

neg: First Church of Christ, Scientist (Atlanta) First Church of Christ, Scientist is the main congregation for Atlanta, Georgia’s Christian Science community. Its historic Greek revival church edifice is located on the corner of Fifteenth Street, N.E., and Peachtree Street in the city’s Midtown section and is a contributing property in the Ansley Park Historic District.


query: Ralph Leighton recorded interview that become a book published when?

pos: Ralph Leighton Ralph Leighton ( ; born 1949) is an American biographer, film producer, and friend of the late physicist Richard Feynman. He recorded Feynman relating stories of his life. Leighton has released some of the recordings as "The Feynman Tapes". These interviews became the basis for the books "Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman!" and "What Do You Care What Other People Think?", which were later combined into the hardcover anniversary edition "Classic Feynman: All the Adventures of a Curious Character". Leighton is an amateur drummer and founder of the group Friends of Tuva. In 1990 he wrote "Tuva or Bust! Richard Feynman's Last Journey."

pos: What Do You Care What Other People Think? "What Do You Care What Other People Think?": Further Adventures of a Curious Character (1988) is the second of two books consisting of transcribed and edited, oral reminiscences from American physicist Richard Feynman. It follows "Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman!"

neg: Interview with the Vampire Interview with the Vampire is a debut gothic horror and vampire novel by American author Anne Rice, published in 1976. Based on a short story Rice wrote around 1968, the novel centers on vampire Louis de Pointe du Lac, who tells the story of his life to a reporter. Rice composed the novel shortly after the death of her young daughter Michelle, who served as an inspiration for the child-vampire character Claudia. Though initially the subject of mixed critical reception, the book was followed by a large number of widely popular sequels, collectively known as "The Vampire Chronicles". A film adaptation was released in 1994, starring Brad Pitt and Tom Cruise, and the novel has been adapted as a comic three times.

neg: Last Flight (book) Last Flight is a book published in 1937 consisting of diary entries and other notes compiled by aviation pioneer Amelia Earhart during her failed attempt that year at flying solo across the Pacific Ocean. Her husband, publisher George Palmer Putnam, edited the collection which was published posthumously as a tribute to his wife.

neg: Printing and the Mind of Man Printing and the Mind of Man is a book first published in 1967 and based on an exhibition in 1963.

neg: Twentieth Century Impressions Twentieth Century Impressions was a series of travel, political and social reference books published by Lloyds Greater Britain Publishing Company in London between 1901 and 1914. The full titles were typically styled as Twentieth Century Impressions of [country name] : Its history, people, commerce, industries and resources.

neg: The Charles Bukowski Tapes The Charles Bukowski Tapes are a collection of short interviews with the American writer/poet Charles Bukowski, filmed and assembled by Barbet Schroeder and first published in 1987 in the USA. Today, the video documentary is considered a cult classic.

neg: The Black Book of Clark Ashton Smith The Black Book of Clark Ashton Smith is a transcription of a notebook that was kept by author Clark Ashton Smith. It was released in 1979 by Arkham House in an edition of 2,588 copies. The book was transcribed from Smith's notebook by Donald Sidney-Fryer and Robert A. ('Rah') Hoffman. Appended to the transcription are two memoirs of Smith by George F. Haas.

neg: The Total Woman The Total Woman is a self-help book for married women by Marabel Morgan published in 1973. The book sold over 500,000 copies within the first year, making it the most successful non-fiction book in the USA in 1974. Overall, it sold more than ten million copies. Grounded in evangelical Christianity, it taught that ""A Total Woman" caters to her man's special quirks, whether it be in salads, sex or sports," and is perhaps best remembered for instructing wives to greet their man at the front door wearing sexy outfits; suggestions included "a cowgirl or a showgirl." "It's only when a woman surrenders her life to her husband, reveres and worships him and is willing to serve him, that she becomes really beautiful to him," Morgan wrote.

neg: Lomax the Songhunter Lomax the Songhunter is a 2004 documentary film about Alan Lomax, a man who, after World War II, was determined to record folk music from United States and all over the world before it was blown away by mass consumer culture. Son of John Lomax, the man who discovered Lead Belly (and bailed him out of prison) and introduced Woody Guthrie to the world, Alan shared his father's passion for music and was not intimidated by his massive accomplishments. The film, which finds Alan near death and barely able to make himself understood, traces Alan's journey across the globe, stopping to hear testimonials from many of the people or relatives of the people he recorded. It also contains interviews from Lomax's friends and colleagues, including Pete Seeger, who did some cataloging for Lomax.

neg: The Bomber Command War Diaries The Bomber Command War Diaries (subtitled: "An Operational Reference Book, 1939 -1945") is a book by the British military historian Martin Middlebrook and the researcher Chris Everitt that documents every operation by RAF Bomber Command in Europe in World War II. The book also details the operational performances of each squadron and group and it remains in print today.

neg: List of Booknotes interviews first aired in 2003 Booknotes is an American television series on the C-SPAN network hosted by Brian Lamb, which originally aired from 1989 to 2004. The format of the show is a one-hour, one-on-one interview with a non-fiction author. The series was broadcast at 8 p.m. Eastern Time each Sunday night, and was the longest-running author interview program in U.S. broadcast history.

neg: Still Time (book) Still Time is a 1994 photography book by Sally Mann. The book is published by Aperture and was released alongside Mann's exhibition for the photographs. The book consists of 60 four-color and duotone images of landscapes as well as abstract photography and images of Mann's children, some of which have been collected from her previous book, "Immediate Family". The cover image is a photograph of Mann's 7 year old daughter Jessie, who is pictured topless with her breasts covered by nightblooming cereus. The book opens with a quote from Eric Ormsby's "Childhood House", and images focus on the theme of the passing of time.

neg: Private Parts (book) Private Parts is the first book written by American radio personality Howard Stern. Released on October 7, 1993 by Simon & Schuster, it is the fastest-selling book in the company's history. It was later adapted into a film in 1997 starring Stern and his radio show staff as themselves. The early chapters are autobiographical, covering Stern's upbringing and early career, while later chapters are more in the style of a memoir, covering recurring themes from his radio show such as sex, flatulence, and celebrities.

neg: World War 1 in Colour World War 1 in Colour is a documentary narrated by Kenneth Branagh. The first of its six parts aired on 23 July 2003 in the United Kingdom. It was released on DVD in the United States as "World War 1 in Color" on 10 May 2005. The documentary consists of colourised footage from World War I.

neg: Listen! The Wind Listen! The Wind is a 1938 book by the American writer Anne Morrow Lindbergh. It tells the story of Lindbergh's and her husband Charles Lindbergh's 1933 flight from Africa to South America across the Atlantic Ocean. The book focuses on the last ten days of the flight, when weather conditions and illness caused trouble for the couple. The book has a foreword and map drawings by Charles Lindbergh.

neg: Encyclopedia of Recorded Sound The Encyclopedia of Recorded Sound is a reference work which describes the history of sound recordings, from the time of Thomas Edison onwards.

neg: Cumberland Gap (folk song) "Cumberland Gap" is an Appalachian folk song that likely dates to the latter half of the 19th century and was first recorded in 1924. The song is typically played on banjo or fiddle, and well-known versions of the song include instrumental versions as well as versions with lyrics. A version of the song appeared in the 1934 book, "American Ballads and Folk Songs", by folk song collector John Lomax. Woody Guthrie recorded a version of the song at his Folkways sessions in the mid-1940s, and the song saw a resurgence in popularity with the rise of bluegrass and the American folk music revival in the 1950s. In 1957, the British musician Lonnie Donegan had a No. 1 UK hit with a skiffle version of "Cumberland Gap".

neg: Unsafe at Any Speed Unsafe at Any Speed: The Designed-In Dangers of the American Automobile by Ralph Nader, published in 1965, is a book accusing car manufacturers of resistance to the introduction of safety features such as seat belts, and their general reluctance to spend money on improving safety. It was a pioneering work containing substantial references and material from industry insiders. It was a best seller in non-fiction in 1966.

neg: A Little Learning (book) "A Little Learning: The First Volume of an Autobiography" (1964) is Evelyn Waugh's unfinished autobiography. It was published just two years before his death on Easter Sunday, 1966, and covers the period of the his youth and education. The title is a well-known quotation from Pope's "An Essay on Criticism", "A little learning is a dang'rous thing".

neg: Generation X (1965 book) Generation X is a 1965 165-page book on popular youth culture by British journalists Jane Deverson and Charles Hamblett. It contains interviews with teenagers who were part of the Mod subculture. It began as a series of interviews in a 1964 study of British youth, commissioned by British lifestyle magazine Woman's Own where Deverson worked. The interviews detailed a culture of promiscuous and anti-establishment youth, and was seen as inappropriate for the magazine.

neg: Bob Dylan, Performing Artist Bob Dylan, Performing Artist is a series of three books written by music critic Paul Williams concerning the music of American singer-songwriter Bob Dylan. Unlike many other books about Dylan, these are not biographical but focus primarily on the performances delivered at various concerts over a period of almost forty years. The performances Williams analyzes were either personally attended or reviewed from audio-tapes (and sometimes from videotapes). In an interview published in "Isis" magazine's August 1990 issue, Williams told interviewer Derek Barker, "I didn't want to write about the person, I wanted to write about what this person has created, his art, his music." "Bob Dylan, Performing Artist" is considered one of the leading critical analyses of Dylan's songs and performances.


query: What band was formed earlier, Mercury Rev or Taking Back Sunday?

pos: Mercury Rev Mercury Rev is an American indie rock band formed in 1989 in Buffalo, New York. Original personnel were David Baker (vocals), Jonathan Donahue (vocals, guitars), Sean Mackowiak, a.k.a. "Grasshopper" (guitars, clarinet), Suzanne Thorpe (flute), Dave Fridmann (bass) and Jimy Chambers (drums).

pos: Taking Back Sunday Taking Back Sunday is an American rock band from Long Island, New York. The band was formed by guitarist Eddie Reyes in 1999. The band's members are Adam Lazzara (lead vocals), John Nolan (lead guitar, keyboards, vocals), Eddie Reyes (rhythm guitar), Shaun Cooper (bass guitar) and Mark O'Connell (drums).

neg: 1974 (band) 1974 is a cross-over progressive rock band from Newington, CT. The band consists of Mike Forgette (guitar and vocals), Tim Moore (drums and vocals), Gary Dionne (bass and vocals), Adam Clymer (guitar), and Parker Hu (keys and vocals). The band's debut album, "1974 & The Battle For The Lazer Fortress", was released in February 2011. The following year, 1974 released two EP's: "The Return" and "A Soldier's Tale". In 2013, the band released "1974 & The Death Of The Herald", a follow-up to their debut album which received critical acclaim. 1974 is known for their complex time-signatures, full vocal harmonies, and energetic stage show. 1974 is one of the top rock bands in Connecticut, consistently placing in the top 10 rock bands in Hartford according to ReverbNation as well as The Deli's top 100 artists in Connecticut.

neg: The Nashville Teens The Nashville Teens are an English rock band, formed in Surrey in 1962. They are best known for their 1964 hit single "Tobacco Road", a top 10 UK hit and a top 20 hit in the United States.

neg: Rev Theory Rev Theory (formerly known as Revelation Theory) is an American rock band formed in 2002 in North Andover, Massachusetts. The band has released four studio albums: "Truth Is Currency" (2005), "Light It Up" (2008), "Justice" (2011) and "The Revelation" (2016), as well as three EPs: "Revelation Theory EP" (2004), "Acoustic Live from the Gibson Lounge" (2009) and "Take 'Em Out" (2012). The song "Hell Yeah" was the opening theme song for the popular Spike show "Blue Mountain State" and the song "We Own The Night" was the main theme song for the WWE Network reality series "Breaking Ground". The song "Voices" is currently being used by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) wrestler Randy Orton.

neg: Godsmack discography Godsmack is an American alternative metal band founded in 1995 by singer Sully Erna and bassist Robbie Merrill. The band has released six studio albums, one EP, one compilation, three video albums, and twenty-three singles. Erna and Merrill recruited local friend and guitarist Lee Richards and drummer Tommy Stewart to complete the band's lineup. In 1996, Tony Rombola replaced Richards, as the band's guitarist. In 1998, Godsmack released their self-titled debut album, a remastered version of the "All Wound Up" demo. The album was distributed by Universal/Republic Records and shipped four million copies in the United States. In 2001, the band contributed the track "Why" to the Any Given Sunday soundtrack. After two years of touring, the band released "Awake". Although the album was a commercial success, it failed to match the sales of "Godsmack". In 2002, Stewart left the band due to personal differences, and was replaced by Shannon Larkin.

neg: Nancy Reverb Nancy Reverb (or The Nancy Reverb) was an English rock band formed in Leicester, UK. in 1989 and were active until 1996.

neg: The Hype (David Bowie band) Hype was a band formed by David Bowie in 1970. They were originally called "Harry the Butcher", then "David Bowie's imagination". Bowie settled on the name Hype. Bowie has said he choose the name tongue in cheek. The band has been credited with helping to form the glam rock scene in the 1970s. The band was also the debut for Mick Ronson when they played at the Roundhouse.

neg: The Bible (band) The Bible are an English rock band. The band released two critically acclaimed albums in the mid-1980s and are best known for the independent chart hits "Graceland" and "Mahalia". Since The Bible's first split in 1990, lead singer Boo Hewerdine has maintained a solo career while the band itself has been intermittently active.

neg: The Law (English band) The Law were an English rock group formed in 1991 by singer Paul Rodgers (ex-Free, Bad Company and The Firm) and drummer Kenney Jones (ex-Small Faces/Faces and The Who). The two teamed up with the idea of using different supporting musicians, in order to allow Rodgers to pursue whatever musical style he felt like. They assembled a core band of studio musicians, consisting of Jim Barber (whose credits include The Rolling Stones, Ruby Turner and Mick Jagger's solo album "Primitive Cool") as the main guitarist, second guitarist John Staehely (ex-Spirit and Jo Jo Gunne) and bassist Pino Palladino (formerly of Paul Young's and Jools Holland's bands), as well as landing guest spots from guitarists such as David Gilmour, Bryan Adams and Chris Rea.

neg: The BibleCode Sundays The London-based The BibleCode Sundays are a band often described as Celtic rock, folk music or rock music. Their sound uses influences from a mixture of traditional Irish instruments and contemporary rock back line. Managed by Shane Doherty of Rayners Lane

neg: Closer (American band) Closer were an American 4-piece rock band from New York City with Harley Di Nardo (vocals, guitars), Derrek Hawkins (guitars) and David Cartategui (bass) and Jonathan Nanberg (drums). In the late '90s, starting off with the name Velour, the band played NYC clubs like The Continental, Coney Island High, CBGBs, Mercury Lounge and The Spiral Lounge and caught the attention of Revolution/Giant Records, a Warner Bros Records imprint label.

neg: The Merseybeats The Merseybeats (also related vocal duo The Merseys) are a band that emerged from the Liverpool Merseybeat scene in the early 1960s, performing at The Cavern Club along with the Beatles, Gerry and the Pacemakers and other similar artists.

neg: The Happenings The Happenings are a pop music group that originated in the 1960s. Members of the original group, created in the spring of 1961 and initially called "The Four Grads" because all had just graduated from high school in Paterson, New Jersey, were Bob Miranda, David Libert, Tom Giuliano, and Ralph DiVito. In 1968 DiVito was replaced by Bernie LaPorta and Lenny Conforti also joined to play drums in the touring band. Both LaPorta and Conforti took a hiatus from the northern New Jersey band, The Emerald Experience, to play and tour with The Happenings. That lineup performed mostly at colleges and universities until 1970, when Libert left the band to manage other groups, including George Clinton and Parliament-Funkadelic, Living Colour, Brian Auger, Vanilla Fudge, The Runaways (Cherie Currie, Joan Jett, Lita Ford), Mother's Finest, Alice Cooper and Evelyn "Champagne" King.

neg: Any Ol' Sunday "Any Ol' Sunday" is a song written by Alfred McCrary and Linda McCrary of the family group, The McCrarys and released on their 1980 Capitol Records album, "Just for You". A cover version by Chaka Khan was released as a single the following year as "Any Old Sunday" on the Warner Brothers album, "What Cha' Gonna Do for Me". Chaka Khan's version was a hit on Billboard's R&B chart.

neg: Revolber Revolber is an alternative rock/rap/funk/pop band from Paraguay, created in 1999. The band's first name was "Revolver" but the name had to be changed because of legal issues. They got the name from the Beatles album Revolver.

neg: Raining on Sunday "Raining on Sunday" is a song co-written by country music artist Radney Foster and Darrell Brown. It was initially recorded on Foster's 1999 Arista Records album "See What You Want to See". Foster's version of the song features a backing vocal from Darius Rucker of the rock band Hootie & the Blowfish.

neg: Soul II Soul Soul II Soul are a British musical group formed in London in 1988. They are best known for their 1989 UK chart-topper and US Top 5 hit "Back to Life (However Do You Want Me)", and "Keep On Movin'" which reached number 5 in the UK and number 11 in the US. They won two Grammy Awards, and have been nominated for five Brit Awards – twice for Best British Group.

neg: Yesterday's Children Yesterday's Children were an American psychedelic rock band formed in Cheshire-Prospect, Connecticut, outside of New Haven, in 1966. The group's earliest release was the psychedelic rock-influenced single "To Be or Not to Be". Though, at first, Yesterday's Children were a standard garage band, they transitioned into a psychedelic proto-heavy metal outfit that released one cult classic album in 1969 before disbanding.

neg: The Revols The Revols was a Canadian band from Stratford, Ontario, Canada, formed in 1957, with Richard Manuel on piano and vocals, John Till on guitar, Ken Kalmusky on bass, Doug Rhodes on vocals and Jim Winkler on drums. Fourteen- and fifteen-year-old kids at the time, they were taken under the wing of Ronnie Hawkins, and, together and individually, they made music history in the years to come.

neg: Yerself Is Steam Yerself Is Steam is the 1991 debut album by Mercury Rev. The title is a malapropism of the phrase "Your self-esteem," and is taken from a recurring lyric in the opening "Chasing a Bee." "Car Wash Hair" was released as a single to follow the album. "Very Sleepy Rivers" is supposedly about a serial killer, with the river acting a metaphor for the killer's relative calm and sudden tendency to snap.

neg: Backwater (band) Backwater was an American jazz fusion band formed in Mobile, Alabama, that was active in the 1970s.


query: What is located in The Norton Center Historic District and was founded as a female seminary?

pos: Norton Center Historic District The Norton Center Historic District is a historic district encompassing the town center and adjacent Wheaton College campus in Norton, Massachusetts. It includes the town's major civic buildings, as well as its oldest surviving house, in a spacious New England town center organized around the town common at the junction of Massachusetts Routes 123 and 140. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.

pos: Wheaton College (Massachusetts) Wheaton College is a four-year, private liberal arts college with a student body of approximately 1,600. Located in Norton, Massachusetts, between Boston, and Providence, Rhode Island, Wheaton was founded in 1834 as a female seminary, it remained one of the oldest institutions of higher education for women in the United States until men began to be admitted in 1988. The trustees officially changed the name of the institution to Wheaton College in 1912 after receiving a college charter from the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.

neg: Norton, Nottinghamshire Norton is a village in Bassetlaw district, Nottinghamshire, just North of Cuckney, and is home to a number of farmsteads. Lying within the original extent of Sherwood forest, and on its present edge, and lying within the Welbeck Abbey Estate.

neg: Grace Theological Seminary Grace Theological Seminary (GTS) is a conservative evangelical Christian seminary located in Winona Lake, Indiana. GTS is now part of Grace College & Seminary and is associated with the Fellowship of Grace Brethren Churches. Alva J. McClain, the first president, founded the seminary in 1937. Its mission statement is: "Grace Theological Seminary is a learning community dedicated to teaching, training, and transforming the whole person for local church and global ministry." The seminary received school accreditation by the North Central Association and has been awarded accreditation by the Association of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada.

neg: Princeton Theological Seminary Princeton Theological Seminary (PTS) is a private, nonprofit, and independent graduate school of theology in Princeton, New Jersey. Founded in 1812 under the auspices of Reverend Dr. Archibald Alexander, the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church, and the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University), it is the second-oldest seminary in the United States. It is also the largest of ten seminaries associated with the Presbyterian Church (USA).

neg: Nortonville, Kansas Nortonville is a city in Jefferson County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 637. It is part of the Topeka, Kansas Metropolitan Statistical Area.

neg: Academy Historic District The Academy Historic District is a historic district in the center of Wilbraham, Massachusetts. Its 65 acre encompass the historic center of Wilbraham, as well as the historic central portion of the campus of the Wilbraham & Monson Academy. It includes properties on Mountain Road (roughly the southern boundary of the district), Main Street, and Faculty Street. Wesleyan Academy was founded in 1817 and moved to Wilbraham in 1824; its oldest buildings date to 1825. It merged with Monson Academy in the 20th century to form the present school that occupies the academic premises. The academy was a major center of Methodist teaching in New England, and was a prominent factor in the town's growth.

neg: Charlestown Female Seminary Charlestown Female Seminary was a Christian school in Charlestown, Massachusetts. Opened in 1830, the female seminary was the second school in Charlestown for young women.

neg: Cushing House Cushing House (formerly called Cushing Hall) is a four-story co-ed dormitory on Vassar College's campus in the town of Poughkeepsie, New York. A response to freshmen overcrowding, the college's Board of Trustees hurried the Allen & Collens-designed building, named for college librarian and alumna trustee Florence M. Cushing, to construction and completion in 1927. Cushing was originally designed as eight smaller houses with euthenic principles in mind, but ended up as a single "U"-shaped dormitory in the Old English manor house style with Jacobean interior furnishings. Students of all grades may live in the house which houses up to 202 in single, double, and triple rooms and are referred to as "Cushlings". Throughout Cushing's history, various proposals and plans have incited controversy among the building's residents, including designating one of its wings as all-black housing and converting one of its common areas into eight single rooms. Contemporary reviewers have looked favorably upon Cushing's aesthetic qualities, declaring it to be one of Vassar's most beautiful buildings.

neg: Andover Newton Seminary at Yale Divinity School Andover Newton Seminary at Yale Divinity School is an American seminary program founded in 2017 within Yale Divinity School and located in New Haven, Connecticut. It represents a successor of Andover Newton Theological School (ANTS), the oldest graduate seminary in the United States and the nation's first graduate institution of any kind.

neg: Norton, Hertfordshire Norton is a small village in Hertfordshire, one of the three original villages which were absorbed into Letchworth Garden City, the other two being Willian and Old Letchworth. The village is known to have existed by 1007, with remains of the medieval settlement visible as earthworks in a field beside the church. However, the history of the village goes back even further than that.

neg: Norton House Historic District The Norton House Historic District encompasses two properties that formerly constituted the central portion of a suburban country estate in Falmouth, Maine. Located on Foreside Road, overlooking Casco Bay, the landscaped properties include a house and former carriage house designed by John Calvin Stevens and John Howard Stevens in 1912. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.

neg: Isabella Thoburn College The Isabella Thoburn College, formerly the Lucknow Women's College and often called informally IT College, is a college for women in Lucknow, India, named after its founder, Isabella Thoburn, an American missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church.

neg: History of St. Mary's College of Maryland St. Mary's College of Maryland, originally known as St. Mary's Female Seminary, began in 1840 as a secular state-sponsored boarding school for women. Since 1966 it has been a four-year public liberal arts college. Since 1992 it has been a designated public honors college. One of only two in the nation to hold such a distinction at the time.

neg: Wesley Seminary Wesley Seminary at Indiana Wesleyan University is an evangelical Christian theological seminary that was founded by the Wesleyan Church denomination and Indiana Wesleyan University. Wesley Seminary is located on Indiana Wesleyan University's main campus in Marion, Indiana.

neg: Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary (RIETS), or Yeshivas Rabbeinu Yitzchok Elchonon (Hebrew: ישיבת רבינו יצחק אלחנן  ), is the rabbinical seminary of Yeshiva University, located along Amsterdam Avenue in Washington Heights, New York. It is named after Rabbi Yitzchak Elchanan Spektor, who died the year it was founded, in 1896.

neg: Lyme Center Historic District The Lyme Center Historic District encompasses a modest crossroads and industrial village in rural Lyme, New Hampshire. The predominantly residential district stretches along Dorchester Road, on either side of its junction with Baker Hill Road. The village's rise in development started in the early 19th century as it was at a crossroads of the east-west Dorchester Road, and the north-south Baker Hill Road and Acorn Hill Road. The village grew rapidly in the 1820s, with a number of simple Greek Revival houses, and in 1830 the Baptist Church was built. The other major civic building in the village is the Lyme Academy, built in 1839, albeit with more Federal than Greek Revival styling. Grant Brook, which runs parallel to Dorchester Road, provided a source of power for the growth of small industrial efforts, including a sawmill (of which only foundations remain) at the corner of Dorchester and Baker Hill Roads. This industry provided a second minor building boom in the late 19th to early 20th century. Most of the houses in the district are vernacular Greek Revival or Cape in their styling; probably the most elaborate Greek Revival house is the 1857 Beal-Pike House at 41 Dorchester Road.

neg: Woodbridge Street Historic District The Woodbridge Street Historic District is a predominantly residential historic district in South Hadley, Massachusetts. It extends from the junction of Woodbridge Street and Silver Street north roughly to Woodbridge Terrace. The majority of buildings in the district are houses that were built in the 18th and 19th centuries. One of the more notable properties is the Skinner Museum of nearby Mount Holyoke College, which is located in the former Prescott, Massachusetts congregational church. The 19th century Greek Revival church was relocated here by philanthropist Joseph Allen Skinner in the 1930s when the construction of the Quabbin Reservoir necessitated the unincorporation of the small town.

neg: Central Female College Central Female College, was a women's college located in Lexington, Missouri. The institution was associated with the Methodist Episcopal Church, South and operated from 1869 to 1924.

neg: Rehearsal Club (New York City) The Rehearsal Club was a theatrical girls' boarding house was founded in 1913 by Jean "Daisy" Greer, daughter of New York's Episcopal bishop, and Episcopal Deaconess Jane Harriss Hall. The residence provided young women pursuing a life in the theater a place to rest between auditions, along with opportunities to socialize and receive simple meals. Within a year, the Professional Children’s School was established in back parlors of The Rehearsal Club.

neg: Madame Grelaud's French School Madame Grelaud's French School, also called Madame Grelaud's Seminary, was a boarding school for girls in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania which ran from approximately 1809–1849. Many prominent northerners and southerners sent their daughters to such institutions to participate in rigorous academic curricula and learn about elite aspects of culture. The school is an example of the fashionable French-centered education, popular throughout the nineteenth century.

neg: Ewha Womans University Ewha Womans University (Hangul: 이화여자대학교 ; Hanja: 梨花女子大學校 ) is a private women's university in Seoul, South Korea founded in 1886 by the American Methodist Episcopal Church. It is currently the world's largest female educational institute and is one of the most prestigious universities in South Korea.