query: Between Vogue and Filter, which magazine covers a wider range of topics?

pos: Vogue (magazine) Vogue is an American fashion and lifestyle magazine made up of many components including fashion, beauty, culture, living, and runway. "Vogue" began as a weekly newspaper in 1892 in the United States, before becoming a monthly publication years later.

pos: Filter (magazine) FILTER was a seasonal American music and off-beat entertainment magazine which was founded in 2002. It featured commentary and photos of up-and-coming musicians and filmmakers ranging from actors to writer-directors. Each season's (Winter, Spring, Summer, Fall, and Holiday) issue highlighted a reasonably well-known cover artist while also taking a look at smaller artists under the heading "Getting to Know". The magazine also included reviews of forthcoming albums and DVDs.

neg: Seventeen (American magazine) Seventeen is an American magazine for teenagers. The magazine's reader base is 13-to-19-year-old females. It began as a publication geared towards inspiring teen girls to become model workers and citizens. Soon after its debut, "Seventeen" took a more fashion and romance-oriented approach in presenting its material while promoting self-confidence in young women. It was first published in September 1944 by Walter Annenberg's Triangle Publications.

neg: List of Vogue China cover models This list of Vogue China cover models is a catalog of cover models who have appeared on the cover of "Vogue China", the Chinese edition of "Vogue" magazine, starting with the magazine's first issue in September 2005.

neg: Stylenoir Stylenoir is a British magazine published since 2013. The magazine had been online based since 2008, but launched print issues in May 2013. The magazine regularly features art, culture, and the darker aesthetics of fashion.

neg: Fashion journalism Fashion journalism involves all aspects of published fashion media, including fashion writers, fashion critics, and fashion reporters. This can be fashion features in magazines and newspapers, and may also include books about fashion, fashion related reports on television and online fashion magazines, websites, and blogs.

neg: Shoot (advertising magazine) Shoot (stylized "SHOOT") is a trade magazine for the advertising industry that was established in 1990 as "BackStage/Shoot", providing news and information about advertising agencies, executives, and creative advertising professionals. It also issues awards each year recognizing various elements of advertising, such as a "New Directors Showcase", and "Best Work You May Never See".

neg: Modes & Travaux Modes & Travaux is a French language monthly general interest women's magazine based in Paris, France. Founded in 1919 it is one of the oldest magazines in the country.

neg: DJ Mag DJ Magazine (also known as DJ Mag) is a British monthly magazine dedicated to electronic dance music and DJs. Founded in 1991, the magazine is adapted for distribution in UK, USA, Spain, France, Italy, Latin America, China, South Korea, Indonesia and The Netherlands.

neg: Allure (magazine) Allure is an American women’s beauty magazine, published monthly by Conde Nast in New York City. It was founded in 1991 by Linda Wells. Michelle Lee replaced Wells in 2015. A signature of the magazine is its annual Best of Beauty awards—accolades given in the October issue to beauty products deemed the best by magazine staff.

neg: Gothic Beauty Gothic Beauty is an American magazine established by editor Steven Holiday in the fall of 2000 after the success of the Internet social group of the same name. "Gothic Beauty" covers numerous aspects of underground culture including fashion, music, events and various forms of entertainment. Issues have included interviews with such Goth and Goth-friendly musicians as Alice Cooper, Diamanda Galás, KMFDM, Rasputina, Midnight Syndicate and Peter Murphy. Also featured are interviews with fashion designers and other icons of the gothic and alternative subcultures, and myriad music reviews. Their main office is located in Portland, Oregon.

neg: Frankie (magazine) frankie magazine is a bi-monthly Australian magazine, featuring music, art, fashion, photography, craft and other cultural content. In 2012, it was awarded Australian Magazine of the Year at the Australian Magazine Awards, as well as winning out over both "Vogue" and "Harper's Bazaar" for the Australian Fashion Magazine of The Year.

neg: Masha Ma Masha Ma is a Chinese fashion designer. Her collections have been featured in leading publications such as "Vogue", "Elle", "Harper's Bazaar", "Pop", French "Playboy", "Cosmopolitan" and "L'Officiel".

neg: Tatler Tatler is a British magazine published by Condé Nast Publications focusing on fashion and lifestyle, as well as coverage of high society and politics. It is targeted towards the British upper-middle class and upper class, and those interested in society events. Its readership is the wealthiest of all Condé Nast's publications. It was founded in 1901 by Clement Shorter. Tatler also has editions in local languages in mainland China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Russia, Singapore, Taiwan, and Thailand.

neg: Blender (magazine) Blender was an American music magazine that billed itself as "the ultimate guide to music and more". It was also known for sometimes steamy pictorials of celebrities. It compiled lists of albums, artists, and songs, including both "best of" and "worst of" lists. In each issue, there was a review of an artist's entire discography, with each album being analyzed in turn.

neg: Project car tuner magazine Project Car Tuner Magazine is a DIY-enthusiast oriented car magazine. The magazine places a strong emphasis on using cars as well as parts that the average reader can afford and modify themselves.

neg: McCall's McCall's was a monthly American women's magazine, published by the McCall Corporation, that enjoyed great popularity through much of the 20th century, peaking at a readership of 8.4 million in the early 1960s. It was established as a small-format magazine called The Queen in 1873. In 1897 it was renamed McCall's Magazine—The Queen of Fashion (later shortened to "McCall's") and subsequently grew in size to become a large-format glossy. It was one of the "Seven Sisters" group of women's service magazines. The McCall Pattern Company is the latest evolution of the brand name selling sewing patterns and publishing Vogue Patterns.

neg: Top of the Pops (magazine) Top of the Pops magazine is a British monthly publication published by Immediate Media Company. It features chart information, star gossip, fashion and beauty advice, quizzes, song lyrics and posters. It was a supplementary magazine for the BBC television programme "Top of the Pops", which stopped producing weekly shows in 2006. The magazine and TV show have since diverged and now have distinctive identities.

neg: British Journal of Photography The British Journal of Photography (BJP) is a magazine about photography, publishing in-depth articles, profiles of photographers, analyses, and technological reviews.

neg: Another Magazine Another Magazine, styled AnOther, is an international fashion and culture bi-annual.

neg: Close-up filter In photography, a close-up filter, close-up lens or macro filter is a simple secondary lens used to enable macro photography without requiring a specialised primary lens. They work identically to reading glasses, allowing any primary lens to focus more closely. It is actually more appropriate to use the close-up lens terminology as it is a lens and not a filter, although close-up lenses typically mount on the filter thread of the primary lens, and are manufactured and sold by suppliers of photographic filters. Some manufacturers refer to their close-up lenses as "diopters", after the unit of measurement of their optical power.

neg: Falter Falter (English: "Butterfly" ) is a weekly news magazine published in Vienna, Austria.


query: Mykelti Williamson played Gabriel Maxson in a film adapted from a play that debuted at what theater?

pos: Mykelti Williamson Michael T. "Mykelti" Williamson (born March 4, 1960) is an American actor best known for his roles in the films "Forrest Gump" and "Con Air", and the television shows "Boomtown", "24", and "Justified". In 2016, he portrayed Gabriel Maxson in Denzel Washington's acclaimed film adaptation of August Wilson's play "Fences", reprising his role from the 2010 Broadway revival.

pos: Fences (play) Fences is a 1985 play by American playwright August Wilson. Set in the 1950s, it is the sixth in Wilson's ten-part "Pittsburgh Cycle". Like all of the "Pittsburgh" plays, "Fences" explores the evolving African-American experience and examines race relations, among other themes. The play won the 1987 Pulitzer Prize for Drama and the 1987 Tony Award for Best Play. The play was first developed at the Eugene O'Neill Theater Center's 1983 National Playwrights Conference and premiered at the Yale Repertory Theatre in 1985.

neg: Fatal Attraction (play) Fatal Attraction is a 2014 play adapted from his original screenplay by James Dearden. It is based on the 1987 film "Fatal Attraction", and it opened in London's West End at the Theatre Royal Haymarket on 25 March 2014, following previews from 8 March.

neg: Goodman's Fields Theatre Two 18th century theatres bearing the name Goodman's Fields Theatre were located on Alie Street, Whitechapel, London. The first opened on 31 October 1727 in a small shop by Thomas Odell, deputy Licenser of Plays. The first play performed was George Farquhar's "The Recruiting Officer". Henry Fielding's second play "The Temple Beau" premièred here 26 January 1730. Upon retirement, Odell passed the management on to Henry Giffard, after a sermon was preached against the theatre at St Botolph's, Aldgate. Giffard operated the theatre until 1732. After he left, the theatre was used for a variety of acrobatic performances.

neg: His Dark Materials (play) His Dark Materials is a play written by British playwright Nicholas Wright adapted from the Philip Pullman fantasy novel trilogy of the same title. The production premiered in the Royal National Theatre's Olivier Theatre, London, in 2003. Due to the complications in staging a piece containing the narrative of three books, the play was performed in two parts in alternate performances. The play is published by Nick Hern Books.

neg: The Masque of Kings (play) The Masque of Kings is a 1936 three-act drama written by Maxwell Anderson. It was

neg: Room Service (play) Room Service is a play written by Allen Boretz and John Murray. It was originally produced by George Abbott and debuted at the Cort Theatre in New York City on May 19, 1937. Its initial production ran for 500 performances, closing on July 16, 1938. The play was revived for a short run of 16 performances in 1953.

neg: What If You Died Tomorrow? What If You Died Tomorrow? is a 1973 play written by David Williamson. It was commissioned by the Old Tote Theatre Company for its first drama season at the new Sydney Opera House.

neg: Spring Storm Spring Storm is a 1937 play written by American playwright Tennessee Williams. Tennessee Williams wrote "Spring Storm" when he was twenty-six years old, in 1937, while studying as an apprentice. "Spring Storm" received poor reviews in Williams’s playwriting course, and it did not receive its first production until 1995 in Berkeley, California. The European premiere took place at the Royal & Derngate Northampton on 15 October 2009, running alongside "Beyond the Horizon" by Eugene O'Neill. Both productions subsequently transferred to the Royal National Theatre in 2010 to the Cottesloe Theatre. Written and rewritten between 1937 and 1938, this full-length play depicts life and conflicted love in a small Mississippi Delta town during the Great Depression.

neg: The Phantom (play) The Phantom is a two act melodrama written by Dion Boucicault. It was originally titled "The Vampire" when it was first performed at the Princess's Theatre in London in 1852. Boucicault renamed it "The Phantom" when he went to the United States, where it opened in Philadelphia in 1856. The play tells the story of two different encounters with a mysterious phantom.

neg: Paradise Lost (play) Paradise Lost is a drama by Clifford Odets that takes place in 1932, during the Depression. The play was originally produced on Broadway in 1935, and was also filmed for television and broadcast in 1971.

neg: Oakley Hall III Oakley "Tad" Hall III (May 26, 1950 – February 13, 2011) was an American playwright, director, and author. The eldest child of novelist Oakley Hall and photographer Barbara E. Hall, Oakley attended University of California Irvine and Boston University. By age 28, he was a rising star in the New York theatre scene. In the mid-1970s, his play "Mike Fink" was optioned by Joseph Papp of the Public Theater. Oakley founded and was the artistic director of the Lexington Conservatory Theatre in upstate New York, where his plays "Grinder's Stand" and "Beatrice (Cenci) and the Old Man", and his stage adaptation of "Frankenstein", enjoyed their première productions.

neg: Second Stage Theatre Second Stage Theatre is a theater company founded in 1979 and located in Manhattan, New York City. It produces both new plays and revivals of contemporary American plays by new playwrights and established writers. The company has two off-Broadway theaters, their main stage, the Tony Kiser Theatre at 305 West 43rd Street on the corner of Eighth Avenue near the Theater District, and the McGinn/Cazale Theatre at 2162 Broadway at 76th Street on the Upper West Side. In April 2015, the company bought the Helen Hayes Theatre, a Broadway theatre.

neg: The Onion Cellar The Onion Cellar is a play that premiered at the American Repertory Theater's venue, the Zero Arrow Theater (now Club Oberon), in Cambridge, Massachusetts from December 9, 2006 to January 13, 2007. It is a cross between a musical, cabaret show, rock concert and drama. It was the brain child of Amanda Palmer who based the title of the production on a chapter from Günter Grass's "The Tin Drum". In the novel, The Onion Cellar is a bar in post-war Germany where people go to share painful memories and cry. While drinking and talking, the clients peel onions, both to make crying easier and to lessen the shame for those afraid to express their feelings openly.

neg: On Approval (play) On Approval is a 1926 play by Frederick Lonsdale. It premiered at the Gaiety Theatre, New York, on 18 October 1926 where it ran for 96 performances. It opened in the West End of London at the Fortune Theatre on 19 April 1927 and ran until 2 June 1928.

neg: Arlene Schnitzer Concert Hall The Arlene Schnitzer Concert Hall, opened as the Portland Publix Theater before becoming the Paramount Theatre after 1930, is a historic theater building and performing arts center in Portland, Oregon, United States. Part of the Portland Center for the Performing Arts, it is home to the Oregon Symphony, Portland Youth Philharmonic, Metropolitan Youth Symphony, White Bird Dance Company, and Portland Arts & Lectures. It is also a concert and film venue. Originally (and sometimes still referred to as) the Paramount Theatre, it is also locally nicknamed "The Schnitz".

neg: The Infernal Machine (play) The Infernal Machine, or La Machine Infernale is a French play by the dramatist Jean Cocteau, based on the ancient Greek myth of Oedipus. The play initially premiered on April 10, 1934 at the Theatre Louis Jouvet in Paris, France, under the direction of Louis Jouvet himself, with costumes and scene design by Christian Bérard. "The Infernal Machine," as translated by Albert Bermel, was first played at the Phoenix Theatre, New York, on February 3, 1958, under the direction of Herbert Berghof, with scenery by Ming Cho Less, costumes by Alvin Colt, and lighting by Tharon Musser.

neg: Out Cry Out Cry is a play by Tennessee Williams which was one version of "The Two-Character Play" by Williams. "Out Cry" premiered at the Ivanhoe Theatre in Chicago on July 8, 1971. It debuted on Broadway at the Lyceum Theatre with a preview on February 28, 1973 and then ran from March 1-10. The New York production was directed by Peter Glenville and starred Cara Duff-MacCormick as Clare and Michael York as Felice.

neg: A House Not Meant to Stand A House Not Meant to Stand is the last play written by Tennessee Williams. It was produced during the 1981–82 season at the Goodman Theatre in Chicago by Gregory Mosher and published for the first time in 2008 by New Directions. with a foreword by Gregory Mosher and an Introduction by Thomas Keith.

neg: The Exonerated (play) The Exonerated is a 2002 play by Jessica Blank and Erik Jensen that debuted Off-Broadway on October 10, 2002 at 45 Bleecker Theater and ran for over 600 productions. It won numerous awards including the Lucille Lortel Award for Unique Theatrical Experience, the Drama Desk Award for Unique Theatrical Experience, and the Outer Critics Circle Award for Outstanding Off-Broadway Play. It was adapted into a 2005 film by the same name.

neg: The Black Rider The Black Rider: The Casting of the Magic Bullets is a self-billed "musical fable" in the avant-garde tradition created through the collaboration of theatre director Robert Wilson, musician Tom Waits, and writer William S. Burroughs. Wilson, in the original production, was largely responsible for the design and direction. Burroughs wrote the book, while Waits wrote the music and most of the lyrics. The project began in about 1988 when Wilson approached Waits. The story is based on a German folktale called "Der Freischütz", which had previously been made into an opera by Carl Maria von Weber. It premiered at Hamburg's Thalia Theatre on 31 March 1990, and was performed at Paris's Théâtre du Châtelet on 9 October 1990. November Theatre produced its world English-language premiere in 1998 at the Edmonton International Fringe Festival in Canada. Det Norske Teatret in Oslo staged a Norwegian (Nynorsk) version in 1998, with Lasse Kolsrud as Pegleg. Only the dialogue was translated, the songs were performed in English.

neg: The Browning Version (play) The Browning Version is a play by Terence Rattigan, first performed on 8 September 1948 at the Phoenix Theatre, London. It was originally one of two short plays, jointly titled "Playbill"; the companion piece, which forms the second half of the evening was "Harlequinade". The play is set in a boys public school and the Classics teacher in the play, Crocker-Harris, is believed to have been based on Rattigan's Classics tutor at Harrow School,


query: Which American poet, painter, essayist, author, and playwright who wrote approximately 2,900 poems was published by Duell, Sloan and Pearce?

pos: Duell, Sloan and Pearce Duell, Sloan and Pearce was a publishing company located in New York City. It was founded in 1939 by C. Halliwell Duell, Samuel Sloan and Charles A. Pearce. It initially published general fiction and non-fiction, but not westerns, light romances or children's books. It published works by many prominent authors, including Archibald MacLeish, John O'Hara, Erskine Caldwell (including his American Folkways series) Anaïs Nin, Conrad Aiken, Wallace Stegner, E. E. Cummings, Howard Fast, Benjamin Spock and Joseph Jay Deiss. In addition to their literary list, the firm published many works of military history with a focus on aviation in the war years.

pos: E. E. Cummings Edward Estlin "E. E." Cummings (October 14, 1894 – September 3, 1962), often styled as e e cummings, as he sometimes signed his name, was an American poet, painter, essayist, author, and playwright. He wrote approximately 2,900 poems; two autobiographical novels; four plays and several essays. He is remembered as an eminent voice of 20th century English-language literature.

neg: N. Howard Thorp Nathan Howard "Jack" Thorp (June 10, 1867 – June 4, 1940) was an American collector and writer of cowboy songs and cowboy poetry. Starting in 1889, he collected cowboy material while living in New Mexico. His small book "Songs of the Cowboys" was published there in 1908. It was the first such book ever published, containing the words to only 23 songs, including the now-classic "The Streets of Laredo" and "Little Joe the Wrangler". A greatly expanded second edition was published in 1921. Today, Thorp is credited with being the first person to take a serious interest in collecting and preserving the homespun ballads of the American West.

neg: Aileen Fisher Aileen Lucia Fisher (September 9, 1906 – December 2, 2002) was an American writer of more than a hundred children's books, including poetry, picture books in verse, prose about nature and America, biographies, Bible themed books, plays, and articles for magazines and journals. Her poems have been anthologized many times and are frequently used in textbooks. In 1978 she was awarded the second National Council of Teachers of English Award for Excellence in Poetry for Children. Born in Michigan, Fisher moved to Colorado as an adult and lived there for the rest of her life.

neg: Thomas Hood Thomas Hood (23 May 1799 – 3 May 1845) was an English poet, author and humorist, best known for poems such as "The Bridge of Sighs" and "The Song of the Shirt". Hood wrote regularly for "The London Magazine", the "Athenaeum", and "Punch". He later published a magazine largely consisting of his own works. Hood, never robust, lapsed into invalidism by the age of 41 and died at the age of 45. William Michael Rossetti in 1903 called him "the finest English poet" between the generations of Shelley and Tennyson. Hood was the father of playwright and humourist Tom Hood (1835–1874).

neg: Robert Browning Robert Browning (7 May 1812 – 12 December 1889) was an English poet and playwright whose mastery of the dramatic monologue made him one of the foremost Victorian poets. His poems are known for their irony, characterization, dark humour, social commentary, historical settings, and challenging vocabulary and syntax.

neg: Jeff Vande Zande Jeff Vande Zande is an American writer who is best known for his novel called "American Poet" which won him the "Stuart and Vernice Gross Literature Award". He is also a poet and an editor of the Driftwood Review with two of his poems being nominated twice for the Pushcart Prize in 1999. His other poems appeared in such magazines as College English, Passages North and 28 other literature related magazines.

neg: Harry Kemp Harry Hibbard Kemp (December 15, 1883 – August 5, 1960) was an American poet and prose writer of the twentieth century. He was known as (and promoted himself as) the "Vagabond Poet", the "Villon of America", the "Hobo Poet", or the "Tramp Poet", and was a well-known popular literary figure of his era, the "hero of adolescent Americans."

neg: Charles Divine Charles Harding Divine (January 20, 1889 – May 8, 1950) was an American poet and playwright. He was a soldier in the First World War, and his first book of poems in 1918 was praised by reviewers, one of whom said he was one of the most important American poets of the day.

neg: Lawrence Ferlinghetti Lawrence Monsanto Ferlinghetti (born March 24, 1919) is an American poet, painter, liberal activist, and the co-founder of City Lights Booksellers & Publishers. Author of poetry, translations, fiction, theatre, art criticism, and film narration, he is best known for "A Coney Island of the Mind" (1958), a collection of poems that has been translated into nine languages, with sales of more than one million copies.

neg: Thomas Parker Sanborn Thomas Parker Sanborn ( ; February 24, 1865 - March 2, 1889) was an American poet. The eldest son of abolitionist, social scientist, and memorialist of American transcendentalism Franklin Benjamin Sanborn, Thomas became a close friend of philosopher George Santayana and was a model for the protagonist in Santayana's only novel, The Last Puritan. With five college friends, Thomas founded "The Harvard Monthly".

neg: Stephen Cramer Stephen Cramer is an American poet.

neg: Poems, in Two Volumes Poems, in Two Volumes is a collection of poetry by English Romantic poet William Wordsworth, published in 1807.

neg: Philip Henry Savage Philip Henry Savage (February 11, 1868 – June 4, 1899) was an American poet.

neg: 291 (magazine) 291 was an arts and literary magazine that was published from 1915 to 1916 in New York City. It was created and published by a group of four individuals: photographer/modern art promoter Alfred Stieglitz, artist Marius de Zayas, art collector/journalist/poet Agnes E. Meyer and photographer/critic/arts patron Paul Haviland. Initially intended as a way to bring attention to Stieglitz's gallery of the same name (291), it soon became a work of art in itself. The magazine published original art work, essays, poems and commentaries by Francis Picabia, John Marin, Max Jacob, Georges Ribemont-Dessaignes, de Zayas, Stieglitz and other avant-garde artists and writers of the time, and it is credited with being the publication that introduced visual poetry to the United States.

neg: Miriam Mörsel Nathan Miriam Mörsel Nathan is an American abstract visual artist. She works only on paper. Her drawings, prints and paintings explore the narratives of ambiguity, absence and vulnerability. She is also a published poet.

neg: Paula Gunn Allen Paula Gunn Allen (October 24, 1939 – May 29, 2008) was a Native American poet, literary critic, activist, professor, and novelist. Of mixed-race European-American, Native American, and Arab-American descent, she identified with the Laguna Pueblo of her childhood years, the culture in which she had grown up. She drew from its oral traditions for her fiction and poetry, and also wrote numerous essays on its themes. She edited four collections of Native American traditional stories and contemporary works, and wrote two biographies of Native American women.

neg: Leaves from Australian Forests Leaves from Australian Forests (1869) is the second collection of poems by Australian poet Henry Kendall. It was released in hardback by George Robertson in 1869, and features the poet's widely anthologised poems "Bell-Birds", "The Hut by the Black Swamp", and "The Last of His Tribe". It also contains the poet's works dedicated to the memories of fellow writer Charles Harpur and Daniel Henry Deniehy.

neg: Marcus Reichert Marcus Reichert (born June 19, 1948) is an American painter, poet, author, photographer, and film writer/director.

neg: Frederick Turner (poet) Frederick Turner (born 1943 Northamptonshire, England) is an American poet and academic. He is the author of two full-length epic science fiction poems, "The New World" and "Genesis"; several books of poetry; and a number of other works. He has been called "a major poet of our time" and "a universal scholar - a rare find in a world of over-specialization - whose work transects and borrows from several rather disparate fields."

neg: The Duel (poem) "The Duel" is a poem by American humorist and children's writer Eugene Field. It shares subject matter with the poem, a limerick in some versions and a seven-line extended limerick in others, "There Once Were Two Cats from Kilkenny."

neg: David Shapiro (poet) David Shapiro (born January 2, 1947) is an American poet, literary critic, and art historian. He has written some twenty volumes of poetry, literary, and art criticism. He was first published at the age of thirteen, and his first book was published when he was just eighteen.


query: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart displayed scatological humour, in his letters and a few recreational compositions, he was baptised as Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the which era?

pos: Mozart and scatology Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart displayed scatological humour in his letters and a few recreational compositions. This material has long been a puzzle for Mozart scholarship. One view held by scholars deals with the scatology by seeking an understanding of the role of it in Mozart's family, his society and his times, while another view holds that such humour was the result of an "impressive list" of psychiatric conditions from which Mozart is claimed to have suffered.

pos: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart ( ; ; ] ; 27 January 1756 – 5 December 1791), baptised as Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical era.

neg: Eustache Du Caurroy Eustache du Caurroy (baptised February 4, 1549 – August 7, 1609) was a French composer of the late Renaissance. He was a prominent composer of both secular and sacred music at the end of the Renaissance, including "musique mesurée", and he was also influential on the foundation of the French school of organ music as exemplified in the work of Jean Titelouze.

neg: Biographies of Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart died after a short illness on 5 December 1791, aged 35. His reputation as a composer, already strong during his lifetime, rose rapidly in the years after his death, and he became (as he has remained to this day) one of the most celebrated of all composers.

neg: Christian Friedrich Daniel Schubart Christian Friedrich Daniel Schubart (24 March 1739 – 10 October 1791), was a German poet, organist, composer, and journalist. He was repeatedly punished for his writing and spent ten years in severe conditions in jail.

neg: Wilhelm von Lenz Wilhelm von Lenz (born 20 May 1809 in Riga - died 7 January 1883 in Saint Petersburg) was a Baltic German Russian official and writer. Wilhelm von Lenz was a friend of many mid-century Romantic composers, including Franz Liszt, Frédéric Chopin and Hector Berlioz, Lenz's most important and influential work was an early biography of the German composer Ludwig van Beethoven, entitled "Beethoven et ses trois styles" (1855), written in response to the disparagement of Beethoven by Alexander Ulybyshev in his "Nouvelle biographie de Mozart" (1843). Lenz promoted the idea (already suggested by earlier figures such as François-Joseph Fétis) that Beethoven's musical style be divided into three characteristic periods. Lenz's periodisation, with minor changes, is still widely used today by musicologists in discussing Beethoven's compositions.

neg: Giambattista Varesco Father Giambattista Varesco (26 November 1735 – 25 August 1805) was a chaplain, musician, poet and (most famously) librettist to Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. His given name variously appears as Giambattista, Gianbattista, Giovanni Battista and Girolamo Giovanni Battista. He is sometimes referred to with the Italian title "Abate" or the French "Abbé", both used for priests:

neg: Violin Sonata No. 17 (Mozart) Violin Sonata No. 17 in C Major, K. 296, was composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart on 11 March 1778 in Mannheim, Germany and was first published in 1781 as part of Mozart's Opus 2 collection. It is the first work of his 'mature sonatas' (those not written in his childhood), which were written between 1778 and 1788. The work was dedicated to Josepha Barbara Auernhammer.

neg: Giovanni Valentini (classical era composer) Giovanni Valentini (ca. 1750 – 1804) was an Italian classical era composer, poet and painter. He is best remembered for his innovative instrumental music. Among his many works are two operas, "La statua matematica" and "Le nozze in contrasto", the latter of which premiered at the Teatro San Moisè, Venice, in November 1774.

neg: Music of Naples Naples has played an important and vibrant role over the centuries not just in the music of Italy, but in the general history of western European musical traditions. This influence extends from the early music conservatories in the 16th century through the music of Alessandro Scarlatti during the Baroque period and the comic operas of Pergolesi, Piccinni and, eventually, Rossini and Mozart. The vitality of Neapolitan popular music from the late 19th century has made such songs as "'O Sole mio" and "Funiculì Funiculà" a permanent part of our musical consciousness.

neg: Symphony No. 35 (Mozart) Symphony No. 35 in D major, K. 385, was composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in 1782 and is also called the Haffner Symphony. It was commissioned by the Haffners, a prominent Salzburg family, for the occasion of ennoblement. The "Haffner Symphony" should not be confused with the eight-movement "Haffner Serenade", another piece Mozart wrote on commission from the same family in 1776.

neg: List of masses by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756–1791) composed several masses and separate mass movements (such as Kyrie). Mozart composed most of his masses as a church musician in Salzburg:

neg: List of compositions by Franz Schubert Franz Schubert (31 January 1797 – 19 November 1828), a late Classical – early Romantic Viennese composer, left a very extended body of work notwithstanding his short life. He wrote some 1500 items, or, when collections, cycles and variants are grouped, some thousand compositions. The largest group are his over six hundred Lieder for solo voice and piano. He composed nearly as many piano pieces, and further some 150 part songs, some 40 liturgical compositions (including several masses) and around 20 stage works like operas and incidental music. His orchestral output includes a dozen symphonies (seven completed) and several overtures. Schubert's chamber music includes over 20 string quartets, and several quintets, trios and duos.

neg: Beethoven and his contemporaries During the course of his lifetime (1770–1827), Ludwig van Beethoven enjoyed relationships with many of his musical contemporaries. Beethoven was famously difficult to get along with, and the history of his relationships with contemporaries is littered with arguments, misunderstandings, and reconciliations. Beethoven had well-known fallings out with his one-time teacher, Joseph Haydn, with the piano virtuoso and composer Johann Nepomuk Hummel, and the German composer Carl Maria von Weber.

neg: Ralph Vaughan Williams Ralph Vaughan Williams {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} ( 12 October 1872– 26 August 1958) was an English composer. His works include operas, ballets, chamber music, secular and religious vocal pieces and orchestral compositions including nine symphonies, written over nearly fifty years. Strongly influenced by Tudor music and English folk-song, his output marked a decisive break in British music from its German-dominated style of the 19th century.

neg: Alfonso Fontanelli Alfonso Fontanelli (15 February 1557 – 11 February 1622) was an Italian composer, writer, diplomat, courtier, and nobleman of the late Renaissance. He was one of the leading figures in the musically progressive Ferrara school in the late 16th century, and one of the earliest composers in the "seconda pratica" style at the transition to the Baroque era.

neg: String Quartet No. 20 (Mozart) The String Quartet in D major, K. 499, was written in 1786 in Vienna by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. It was published by – if not indeed written for – his friend Franz Anton Hoffmeister. Because of this, the quartet has acquired the nickname Hoffmeister. Hoffmeister had started issuing a series of chamber-music publications in 1785, including Mozart's K. 499 as well as Joseph Haydn's Op. 42.

neg: Mozart and smallpox In 1767, the 11-year-old composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was struck by smallpox. Like all smallpox victims, he was at serious risk of dying, but he survived the disease. This article discusses smallpox as it existed in Mozart's time, the decision taken in 1764 by Mozart's father Leopold not to inoculate his children against the disease, the course of Mozart's illness, and the aftermath.

neg: Samuel Wesley Samuel Wesley (24 February 1766 – 11 October 1837) was an English organist and composer in the late Georgian period. Wesley was a contemporary of Mozart (1756–1791) and was called by some "the English Mozart".

neg: List of Classical-era composers This is a list of composers of the Classical music era, roughly from 1730 to 1820. Prominent composers of the Classical era include Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, Johann Stamitz, Joseph Haydn, Johann Christian Bach, Antonio Salieri, Muzio Clementi, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Luigi Boccherini. Prominent composers of both the Classical and early Romantic eras include Ludwig van Beethoven and Franz Schubert.

neg: Johann Ernst Eberlin Johann Ernst Eberlin (27 March 1702 – 19 June 1762) was a German composer and organist whose works bridge the baroque and classical eras. He was a prolific composer, chiefly of church organ and choral music. Marpurg claims he wrote as much and as rapidly as Alessandro Scarlatti and Georg Philipp Telemann, a claim also repeated by Leopold Mozart - though ultimately Eberlin did not live nearly as long as either of those two composers.

neg: Violin Sonata in D major (attributed to Mozart) The Violin Sonata in D major, K. deest, is a composition for violin and piano (or harpsichord) published in England during the 18th Century under the name of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. It is typical of many such works intended for use by amateur musicians in a domestic setting, with the attribution to a well known composer being used to boost sales. As with Mozart's earliest violin sonatas, the keyboard instrument is dominant.


query: When was the film about Marie Brenner's article on Jeffrey Wigand made?

pos: Marie Brenner Marie Brenner (born December 15, 1949) is an American author, investigative journalist and writer-at-large for "Vanity Fair". She has also written for "New York", "The New Yorker" and the "Boston Herald" and has taught at Columbia University's Graduate School of Journalism. Her "Vanity Fair" article on tobacco insider Jeffrey Wigand, "The Man Who Knew Too Much", inspired the 1999 movie "The Insider", starring Russell Crowe and Al Pacino.

pos: The Insider (film) The Insider is a 1999 American drama film directed by Michael Mann, from a script adapted by Eric Roth and Mann from Marie Brenner's "Vanity Fair" article "The Man Who Knew Too Much". The film stars Al Pacino and Russell Crowe, with supporting actors including Christopher Plummer, Bruce McGill, Diane Venora and Michael Gambon.

neg: Just Henry Just Henry is a 2011 television film based on the 2008 Costa Book Award novel, "Just Henry" by Michelle Magorian.

neg: The Elephant Man (film) The Elephant Man is a 1980 American historical drama film about Joseph Merrick (whom the script calls John Merrick), a severely deformed man in late 19th century London. The film was directed by David Lynch and stars John Hurt, Anthony Hopkins, Anne Bancroft, John Gielgud, Wendy Hiller, Michael Elphick, Hannah Gordon and Freddie Jones. It was produced by Jonathan Sanger and Mel Brooks, the latter of whom was intentionally left uncredited to avoid confusion from audiences who possibly would have expected a comedy.

neg: Shakespeare in Love Shakespeare in Love is a 1998 American romantic period comedy-drama film directed by John Madden, written by Marc Norman and playwright Tom Stoppard. The film depicts an imaginary love affair involving Viola de Lesseps (Gwyneth Paltrow) and playwright William Shakespeare (Joseph Fiennes) while he was writing "Romeo and Juliet". Several characters are based on historical figures, and many of the characters, lines, and plot devices allude to Shakespeare's plays.

neg: Black Mass (film) Black Mass is a 2015 American biographical crime drama film directed by Scott Cooper and written by Mark Mallouk and Jez Butterworth, based on the 2001 book "Black Mass: The True Story of an Unholy Alliance Between the FBI and the Irish Mob" by Dick Lehr and Gerard O'Neill. The film has an ensemble cast including Johnny Depp, Joel Edgerton, Benedict Cumberbatch, Kevin Bacon, Jesse Plemons, Peter Sarsgaard, Rory Cochrane, Adam Scott, Dakota Johnson and Corey Stoll.

neg: Sold (2014 film) Sold is a 2014 narrative feature film directed by Jeffrey D. Brown based on Patricia McCormick's novel Sold.

neg: Lady Chatterley (film) Lady Chatterley is a 2006 French drama film by Pascale Ferran. The film is an adaptation of the novel "John Thomas and Lady Jane", an earlier version of "Lady Chatterley's Lover", by D. H. Lawrence. It was released in France on 1 November 2006, followed by limited release in the U.S. on 22 June 2007 and in the UK on 24 August 2007.

neg: Children of Men Children of Men is a 2006 British-American dystopian thriller film directed and co-written by Alfonso Cuarón. The screenplay, based on P. D. James' 1992 novel of the same name, was credited to five writers, with Clive Owen making uncredited contributions. The film takes place in 2027, where two decades of human infertility have left society on the brink of collapse. Illegal immigrants seek sanctuary in the United Kingdom, where the last functioning government imposes oppressive immigration laws on refugees. Owen plays civil servant Theo Faron, who must help a refugee (Clare-Hope Ashitey) escape the chaos. "Children of Men" also stars Julianne Moore, Michael Caine, Chiwetel Ejiofor, and Charlie Hunnam.

neg: Last Year at Marienbad L'Année dernière à Marienbad (released in the US as Last Year at Marienbad and in the UK as Last Year in Marienbad) is a 1961 French-Italian film directed by Alain Resnais from a screenplay by Alain Robbe-Grillet.

neg: Seduced and Abandoned (2013 film) Seduced and Abandoned is a 2013 documentary film directed by James Toback. The film details the journey of Toback and actor Alec Baldwin, as they try to sell a film concept at the Cannes Film Festival in 2012. Taking part in several pitch sessions with producers as well as interviews with directors and actors, the duo explore the film production aspect of film financing. The film premiered at the festival a year later on May 20, 2013.

neg: 17 Girls 17 Girls (French: 17 filles ) is a 2011 French film about 17 teenage girls who make a pregnancy pact. The film was screened at the 2011 Montreal World Film Festival and the 2011 Cannes Film Festival. "17 Girls" is based on the alleged pregnancy pact that took place at Gloucester High School in Massachusetts in 2008.

neg: The Car The Car is a 1977 American thriller film directed by Elliot Silverstein and written by Michael Butler, Dennis Shryack and Lane Slate. The film stars James Brolin, Kathleen Lloyd, John Marley and Ronny Cox, along with real-life sisters Kim and Kyle Richards (as Brolin's daughters). It tells the story of a mysterious car which goes on a murderous rampage, terrorizing the residents of a small town.

neg: List of accolades received by 20th Century Women "20th Century Women" is a 2016 American comedy-drama film directed and written by Mike Mills, based in part on Mills' childhood. Starring Annette Bening, Elle Fanning, Greta Gerwig, Billy Crudup, and Lucas Jade Zumann, the film focuses on the story of three women who explore love and freedom in Southern California during the late 1970s. The film had its world premiere at the New York Film Festival as the Centerpiece on October 8, 2016, and was theatrically released on December 28, 2016 by A24. The film was released to universal acclaim, with Rotten Tomatoes listing an approval rating of 89%, based on 159 reviews, with an average rating of 7.8/10, and Metacritic scoring it at 83 out of 100, based on 40 reviews.

neg: Manhattan Night Manhattan Night is a 2016 American crime film written and directed by Brian DeCubellis. It is based on the 1996 novel "Manhattan Nocturne" by Colin Harrison. The film stars Adrien Brody, Yvonne Strahovski, Jennifer Beals, Campbell Scott, Linda Lavin and Steven Berkoff. The film was released on May 20, 2016, by Lionsgate Premiere.

neg: Deranged (1974 film) Deranged is a Canadian-American horror film made in 1974 and directed by Alan Ormsby and Jeff Gillen. It is also known by the title Deranged: The Confessions of a Necrophile in the USA. It is a low-budget movie that is based on the life of Ed Gein. The title is, however, misleading since Ed Gein never experimented with necrophilia; although a necrophile is also defined as "an obsessive fascination with death and corpses."

neg: I Was a Teenage Feminist I Was A Teenage Feminist is an American/Canadian documentary film directed by Therese Shechter, produced by UpFront Productions and distributed by Women Make Movies. The title is a play on that of the 1957 horror movie, "I Was a Teenage Werewolf". The film explores the marked discomfort among many young, progressive women to identify themselves as feminists and how that discomfort came to be. Through personal narrative as well as interviews with feminist icons and everyday women and men, Shechter’s film documents a complex, multi-generational look at feminist identity in today’s world. The film had its television premiere on March 8, 2005 (International Women's Day) Canada's W Network, and it won Best Film at the National Council of Jewish Women Film Festival and Special Mention at the Karachi International Film Festival in 2006.

neg: Miami Blues Miami Blues is a 1990 American neo-noir black comedy crime film based on the novel of the same name by Charles Willeford. It stars Alec Baldwin, Fred Ward, and Jennifer Jason Leigh. It was directed by George Armitage. Ward was also the executive producer.

neg: Eadweard (film) Eadweard is a 2015 Canadian drama film written by Josh Epstein and Kyle Rideout, directed by Kyle Rideout and produced by Josh Epstein. The film, a psychological drama, stars Michael Eklund as photographer Eadweard Muybridge. The film's Canadian premiere was at the Vancouver International Film Festival in Vancouver, British Columbia on October 2, 2015.

neg: The Story of Marie and Julien The Story of Marie and Julien (French: Histoire de Marie et Julien ) is a 2003 French drama film directed by Nouvelle Vague film maker Jacques Rivette. The film slowly develops from a drama about blackmail into a dark, yet tender, supernatural love story between Marie and Julien, played by Emmanuelle Béart and Jerzy Radziwiłowicz. Anne Brochet plays the blackmailed Madame X. Béart had previously worked with Rivette in "La Belle Noiseuse", as had Radziwiłowicz in "Secret Defense". The film was shot by William Lubtchansky, and edited by Nicole Lubtchansky, both frequent collaborators of Rivette's.

neg: Hear the Silence Hear the Silence is a 2003 semi-fictional TV drama based on the MMR vaccine controversy, which started when Andrew Wakefield published a paper claiming a possible link between the MMR vaccine and autism. It debuted on December 15, 2003 at 9 PM on the British network Five. The film, produced at a cost of about 1 million pounds, stars Hugh Bonneville as Wakefield and Juliet Stevenson as Christine Shields, a fictional mother who discovers the possible MMR-autism link when her son is diagnosed as autistic. Stevenson's character begins telling doctor after doctor that her son seemed to develop autism soon after he received the MMR vaccine, but she does not receive any sympathy from them, nor does she receive any from her boss, or even her husband. However, this all changes when she meets Dr. Wakefield, who believes her statements about the MMR vaccine causing her son's autism. The film then shows fictional government officials "plotting" Wakefield's "demise", which they intend to bring about by portraying his research as flawed. Although never documented in reality, the film depicts Wakefield being targeted by the government: his phone is tapped and his files are stolen. The film attracted 1.2 million viewers on the first night it screened, considerably fewer than usual for Channel Five's films that debut at 9 PM, which often get more than 2 million viewers.

neg: Killer Hair Based on a book written by Ellen Byerrum ("Crimes of Fashion"), Killer Hair (also known as Crimes of Fashion: Killer Hair) is a television film that aired on the Lifetime Movie Network in 2009. The storyline follows a fashion journalist, Lacey Smithsonian, as she investigates the discovery of a dead body inside her friend's Washington, DC hair salon.


query: Jonathan A Rosenbaum directed an American action-comedy superhero series that was created by Leo Chu and who else?

pos: Jonathan A. Rosenbaum Jonathan A. Rosenbaum (sometimes credited as Jon Rosenbaum) is American television director and producer. As a director, his credits include "Zixx: Level Three", "The Assistants", "Imagination Movers", "What's Up Warthogs!", "Big Time Rush", "The Troop", "Zeke and Luther", "Mr. Young", "Supah Ninjas", "A.N.T. Farm", "Some Assembly Required", and "Stuck in the Middle". He also worked as a producer on the series "Mental".

pos: Supah Ninjas Supah Ninjas is an American action-comedy superhero series, created by Leo Chu and Eric Garcia. The series premiered as a special preview on Nickelodeon on January 17, 2011 in the United States and started airing regularly on April 16, 2011. It ran for 2 seasons. The first season was filmed in Los Angeles and the second season was filmed at 31st Street Studios in Pittsburgh.

neg: Challenge of the Super Friends Challenge of the Superfriends is an American animated television series about a team of superheroes which ran from September 9, 1978, to December 23, 1978, on ABC. The complete series (16 episodes) was produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions for Warner Bros. Television and is based on the Justice League and associated comic book characters published by DC Comics and created by Julius Schwartz, Gardner Fox and Mike Sekowsky. It was the third series of "Super Friends" cartoons, following the original "Super Friends" in 1973 and "The All-New Super Friends Hour" in 1977. It continues to air on Boomerang from Cartoon Network in the United States until February 2, 2009.

neg: Super (2010 American film) Super is a 2010 American superhero black comedy-drama film written and directed by James Gunn, starring Rainn Wilson, Ellen Page, Liv Tyler, Kevin Bacon and Nathan Fillion. The film is based on a story by Gunn, telling the story of Frank Darbo, a young short-order cook who becomes a superhero without even having any superhuman ability, calling himself the "Crimson Bolt". He sets out to rescue his wife Sarah from the hands of a drug dealer.

neg: The Spectacular Spider-Man (TV series) The Spectacular Spider-Man is an American animated television series based on the superhero character published by Marvel Comics and developed for television by Greg Weisman and Victor Cook. In terms of overall tone and style, the series is based principally on the original stories by Stan Lee and Steve Ditko, with a similar balance of action, drama and comedy as well as a high school setting. However, it also tends to use material from all eras of the comic's run and other sources such as the film series and the "Ultimate Spider-Man" comics.

neg: List of Supergirl episodes "Supergirl" is an American superhero action-adventure drama television series developed by Ali Adler, Greg Berlanti and Andrew Kreisberg (the latter two having previously created "Arrow" and "The Flash") that originally aired on CBS and premiered on October 26, 2015. It is based on the DC Comics character Supergirl (Kara Zor-El), created by Otto Binder and Al Plastino, and stars Melissa Benoist in the title role. Supergirl is a costumed superheroine who is the biological cousin to Superman and one of the last surviving Kryptonians.

neg: Condorman Condorman is a 1981 American adventure comedy superhero film directed by Charles Jarrott, produced by Walt Disney Productions, and starring Michael Crawford, Barbara Carrera and Oliver Reed. The movie follows comic book illustrator Woodrow Wilkins' attempts to assist in the defection of a female Soviet KGB agent.

neg: Sam Liu Sam Liu is a Chinese American animation director, storyboard artist and character designer. He is best known for directing animated superhero films at both Marvel Entertainment and Warner Bros. Animation.

neg: Ganbaron Ganbaron (小さなスーパーマン ガンバロン , Chiisana Sūpāman Ganbaron , Small Superman Ganbaron) is a 1977 Japanese tokusatsu live action television show featuring Japan's own version of American superhero Superman. It was the third in the Baron series, following "Red Baron" in 1973 and "Mach Baron" in 1974.

neg: List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. episodes "Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D." is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D. (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world populated with superheroes and numerous supernatural phenomena. The series is produced by ABC Studios, Marvel Television, and Mutant Enemy and is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, sharing continuity with the films in that franchise. It revolves around the character of Phil Coulson, with Clark Gregg reprising his role from the film series.

neg: SOLO – The Series SOLO: The Series is an American sci-fi, comedy web series created by and starring Jonathan Nail. The first episode aired on July 6, 2010 on YouTube.

neg: List of Young Justice episodes "Young Justice" is an American animated television series created by Greg Weisman and Brandon Vietti for Cartoon Network. The series follows the lives of teenaged heroes who are members of a covert operations team that takes orders from the Justice League. The series debuted on January 7, 2011 with a two-week reairing of the first two episodes, which originally aired as an hour-long special on November 26, 2010. After an extended hiatus starting in 2013, Warner Bros. Animation announced the show's return for a third season on November 7, 2016.

neg: True Justice True Justice is a television action series that ran for two seasons created by Steven Seagal. Seagal stars as Elijah Kane, the head of the "Special Investigation Unit", an undercover police task force, in Seattle, Washington.

neg: Leo (comics) Leo is the name of different fictional characters appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.

neg: Lex Luthor Alexander Joseph "Lex" Luthor is a fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, though on occasions he has established himself as an antihero. He was created by Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster. Lex Luthor first appeared in "Action Comics" #23 (April 1940) and has since endured as the archenemy of Superman.

neg: The Joker (comic book) The Joker is a comic book series published by DC Comics starring the super-villain the Joker. It ran nine issues from May 1975 until October 1976.

neg: The Green Hornet (2011 film) The Green Hornet is a 2011 American superhero action comedy film based on the character of the same name by George W. Trendle and Fran Striker that had originated in a 1930s radio program and has appeared in movie serials, a television series, comic books, and other media. Directed by Michel Gondry and written by Seth Rogen and Evan Goldberg, the film stars Rogen, Jay Chou, Christoph Waltz, Edward James Olmos, David Harbour, Tom Wilkinson and Cameron Diaz. The film was released to theaters in North America on January 14, 2011 by Columbia Pictures, in versions including RealD Cinema and IMAX 3D. The film earned $227.8 million on a $120 million budget. "The Green Hornet" was released on DVD, Blu-ray, and Blu-ray 3D on May 3, 2011 by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment.

neg: League of Super Evil League of Super Evil (initialized as L.O.S.E. or LOSE) is a Canadian animated television series inspired by the sketch "Once Were Heroes" by Ryan Harper-Brown , co-created by Philippe Ivanusic-Vallee, Davila LeBlanc, Peter Ricq, developed by Asaph Fipke, and produced by Nerd Corps Entertainment in conjunction with YTV. The series ran from March 7, 2009 to August 25, 2012. Reruns ceased on YTV on September 2, 2014, when Teletoon picked up where YTV had left off. It also aired in the UK on CBBC.

neg: The Last Airbender The Last Airbender is a 2010 American action fantasy adventure film written, co-produced, and directed by M. Night Shyamalan. It is based on of the Nickelodeon animated series

neg: Action Dad Action Dad is a 2011 American animated series created by Andrew Dickman. The show features the voices of Chelan Simmons, Lee Tockar and Michael Donovan. The show premiered in Brazil on Sept. 12, 2012 on Cartoon Network Brazil. The show has also aired in Portugal, Israel and France. Although previously thought to premiere in mid-2011, the show has yet to be distributed in the U.S. as of 2014.

neg: The Flash (1990 TV series) The Flash is a 1990 American television series developed by the writing team of Danny Bilson and Paul De Meo that aired on CBS. It is based on the DC Comics character Barry Allen / Flash, a costumed superhero crime-fighter with the power to move at superhuman speeds. "The Flash" starred John Wesley Shipp as Allen, along with Amanda Pays, Alex Désert, and Paula Marshall.

neg: Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip is an American comedy-drama television series created and primarily written by Aaron Sorkin.


query: Who was born earlier, Chuck Essegian or Ludwig Mactarian?

pos: Chuck Essegian Charles Abraham "Chuck" Essegian (born August 9, 1931) is an American former professional baseball left fielder. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) the Philadelphia Phillies, St. Louis Cardinals, Los Angeles Dodgers, Baltimore Orioles, Kansas City Athletics, and Cleveland Indians. He also played one season in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) for the Kintetsu Buffaloes.

pos: Ludwig Mactarian Ludwig Mactarian (1908–1955; sometimes spelled 'MacTarian') was an American painter, muralist, and illustrator.

neg: Bruce Kaphan Bruce Kaphan is a musician who has worked on many studio projects, often as a pedal steel player, from 1970 to 2011. In particular he was a member of American Music Club.

neg: Chuck Schaden Charles Leroy "Chuck" Schaden, born June 29, 1934, is a Chicago-area broadcaster and historian who hosted the program "Those Were the Days" on local radio from 1970 to 2009. Schaden played recordings of classic old-time radio shows and reminisces with radio personalities about the early days of broadcasting. The program first aired on WLTD in Evanston in 1970 and then moved to WNIB, Classical 97 in Chicago from 1975 to 2001, and since 2001 it has been heard on WDCB 90.9 FM, a public radio station in Glen Ellyn, Illinois.

neg: H. C. Westermann H. C. Westermann (Horace Clifford "Cliff" Westermann) (December 11, 1922 – November 3, 1981) was a highly influential and important American sculptor and printmaker whose art constituted a scathing commentary on militarism and materialism. His sculptures frequently incorporated traditional carpentry and marquetry techniques. From the late 1950s until his death in 1981, Westermann worked with a number of materials and formal devices to address a range of personal, literary, artistic, and pop-cultural references. The artist’s sculptural oeuvre is distinguished by its intricate craftsmanship, in which wood, metal, glass, and other materials are laboriously hand-tooled, and by its ability to convey an offbeat, often humorous, individualistic sensibility.

neg: Jonathan Segel Jonathan Segel (born September 3, 1963) is an American composer and multi-instrumentalist. He has played with Camper Van Beethoven, Sparklehorse, Eugene Chadbourne, and Dieselhed.

neg: Charles Geschke Charles M. "Chuck" Geschke (born September 11, 1939) is an American businessman. He is best known as the 1982 co-founder with John Warnock of Adobe Systems Inc., the graphics and publishing software company.

neg: Conn Nugent Conn Nugent (born September 13, 1946) is President of the Heinz Center for Science, Economics and the Environment, a Washington think-tank. He oversees programs in ecosystem management, carbon pricing, and environmental health. Nugent's career has been devoted primarily to non-profit organizations, most notably International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War, which was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize when he was its executive director.

neg: Siegfried Lehman Siegfried Lehmann (Hebrew: זיגפריד להמן) (born 4 January 1892; died 13 June 1958) was an Israeli educator and founder and director of the Ben Shemen Youth Village.

neg: John Edward Macfarlane John Edward Macfarlane (born March 28, 1942) was the editor of the Canadian magazine "The Walrus" from 2008 to 2014. He previously served as editor of "Toronto Life" from 1992 to 2007.

neg: Andries Mac Leod Andries Hugo Donald Mac Leod (10 August 1891 – 28 March 1977) was a Belgian-Swedish philosopher and mathematician.

neg: Glenn Osser Abraham "Glenn" Osser (August 28, 1914 – April 29, 2014) was an American musician, musical arranger, orchestra leader, and songwriter. His birthname was Abraham (Abe), but much of his work was under the name Glenn; he can be found with references under both names. He also worked under a number of other names: Arthur Meisel, Bob Marvel, Maurice Pierre, and others.

neg: Louis Colaiannia Louis Colaiannia (born January 28, 1955) is an Italian-American classical pianist, songwriter, arranger and performer.

neg: Bill Essick William Earl Essick (December 18, 1880– October 12, 1951), nicknamed "Vinegar Bill", was a professional baseball pitcher in the Major Leagues. A native of Illinois, he attended Knox College and Lombard College.

neg: Jorge E. Galán Jorge Enrique Galán is an Argentinian-American microbiologist who won the 2011 Robert Koch Prize. His research concerned bacterial pathogenesis. He is the Lucille P. Markey Professor of Microbial Pathogenesis at Yale University.

neg: Arthur Chute McGill Arthur Chute McGill (1926 – September 10, 1980) was a Canadian born American theologian and philosopher.

neg: Chuck Zehner Chuck Zehner (January 9, 1942 - December 2, 2000) was the producer and host of the PBS/Milwaukee Public Television series "Tracks Ahead". He hosted the show from 1990-2000. He died on December 2, 2000 of a heart attack in South Milwaukee, Wisconsin. After his death, Spencer Christian took over and is the current host of "Tracks Ahead".

neg: Billy Soose Billy Soose (August 2, 1915 – September 5, 1998) was an American boxer who won the world middleweight championship in 1941.

neg: Ludwig von Siegen Ludwig von Siegen (c.1609 – c. 1680 Wolfenbüttel, Germany) was a German soldier and amateur engraver, who invented the printmaking technique of mezzotint, a printing-process reliant on mechanical pressure used to print more complex engravings than previously possible. He was a well-educated aristocrat, and a Lieutenant-Colonel who commanded the personal guard of William VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel), and acted as a personal aide to the ruler, with the title "kammerjunker" or Chamberlain.

neg: Chuck Seelbach Charles Frederick "Chuck" Seelbach (born March 20, 1948, in Lakewood, Ohio) is a former right-handed pitcher in the MLB and retired educator.

neg: Chuck Negron Charles "Chuck" Negron (born June 8, 1942) is an American singer-songwriter, best known as one of the three lead vocalists in the rock band Three Dog Night, which he helped to form in 1968.

neg: Alfred E. Senn Alfred Erich Senn (April 12, 1932 – March 8, 2016) was a professor of history at the University of Wisconsin–Madison.


query: Did St. Elizabeths Hospital or Children's National Medical Center house the most patients at over 8000

pos: Children's National Medical Center Children’s National Medical Center (formerly DC Children’s Hospital) is ranked among the top 10 children’s hospitals in the country by "U.S. News & World Report." Located just north of the McMillan Reservoir and Howard University, it shares grounds with Washington Hospital Center, National Rehabilitation Hospital, and the DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Kurt Newman, M.D., has served as the president and chief executive officer of Children’s National since 2011. Children's National is a not-for-profit institution that performs more than 450,000 visits each year. Featuring 303 beds and a Level IV NICU, Children's National is the regional referral center for pediatric emergency, trauma, cancer, cardiac and critical care as well as neonatology, orthopaedic surgery, neurology and neurosurgery.

pos: St. Elizabeths Hospital St. Elizabeths Hospital opened in 1855 as the first federally operated psychiatric hospital in the United States. Housing over 8,000 patients at its peak in the 1950s, the hospital at one point had a fully functioning medical-surgical unit, a school of nursing, and accredited internships and psychiatric residencies. Its campus was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1990.

neg: Hospital Nacional de Niños Hospital Nacional de Niños is a national pediatric hospital in San José, Costa Rica. It has provided medical care to children in the country since its founding in 1845.

neg: Saint Clare's Hospital at Boonton Township Saint Clare's Hospital, Catholic Health Initiatives, located at Boonton, New Jersey, is a 100-bed psychiatric facility.

neg: Providence Saint Joseph Medical Center Providence Saint Joseph Medical Center is a hospital in Burbank, California. The hospital has 446 beds, and is part of Providence Health & Services. Its address is 501 S. Buena Vista St., Burbank, CA 91505. On the opposite side of Buena Vista Street from the hospital is the world headquarters of The Walt Disney Company. The hospital is accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities (CARF).

neg: St. John's Regional Medical Center (California) St. John's Regional Medical Center is a hospital located in Oxnard, California in the United States, and is operated by Dignity Health, along with its sister hospital, St. John's Pleasant Valley Hospital in Camarillo, California. The hospital was founded in 1912. St. John's Regional Medical Center and St. John's Pleasant Valley Hospital offer comprehensive medical services, including 24-hour emergency medical and surgical services and care, cancer and oncology care and support, cardiovascular care, community outreach and screenings, diagnostic imaging services, laboratory services, maternity and women's services, neonatal intensive care, palliative care, patient and family education, rehabilitation services, spine and orthopedic care, weight loss surgery, wound healing and oxygen therapy, and more. Together, St. John's Regional Medical Center and St. John's Pleasant Valley Hospital represent the largest acute-care health organization in Ventura County. St. John's hospitals serve all of Ventura County and beyond, including the cities of Camarillo, Moorpark, Oxnard, Port Hueneme, Ventura, and Somis.

neg: Newark Beth Israel Medical Center Newark Beth Israel Medical Center, previously Newark Beth Israel Hospital, is the largest hospital in Newark, New Jersey. It was run under auspices of the Newark Jewish Community and its suburban successors from its inception in 1900-1901 until its purchase by Barnabas Health in 1996. In 2011, the Newark Beth Israel Medical Center was ranked among the top 50 hospitals in the United States for specialty care in cardiology and heart surgery. and the following year remained highly ranked but not in the top 50 hospitals nationwide.

neg: Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center is the private adult hospital of the Baylor College of Medicine jointly owned with CHI St. Luke’s Health. The medical staff at the hospital includes full-time Baylor faculty, as well as community physicians. The hospital is currently located at the former St. Luke’s Medical Center, located on Bertner Street in the Texas Medical Center in Houston. The hospital is an 850-bed institution that is also a clinical partner of the Texas Heart Institute.

neg: Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario The Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) (French: Centre hospitalier pour enfants de l'est de l'Ontario) is a major children's hospital and university teaching hospital in Ottawa, Ontario, serving Eastern Ontario and western Quebec. CHEO is also a trauma centre for children in Eastern Ontario and one of five in Canada (others being The Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Alberta Children's Hospital in Calgary, Stollery Children's Hospital in Edmonton, BC Children's Hospital in Vancouver and IWK Health Centre in Halifax). It is affiliated with The Ottawa Hospital and the University of Ottawa, and is funded by the provincial Government of Ontario. The Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario first opened its doors on May 17, 1974, and is located at 401 Smyth Road.

neg: KSB Hospital Katherine Shaw Bethea Hospital is a hospital in Dixon, Illinois. KSB Hospital is an 80-bed acute care facility providing comprehensive ancillary services, including emergency medicine, obstetrics, inpatient psychiatry, a cardiovascular laboratory, outpatient surgery, inpatient surgery, and intensive care, among others.

neg: Children's Healthcare of Atlanta Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (CHOA) sometimes simply referred to as "Children's", is a not for profit children's healthcare system, located in the Atlanta area. CHOA formed in 1998 when "Egleston Children's Health Care System" and "Scottish Rite Medical Center" came together becoming one of the largest pediatric systems in the United States. In 2006 CHOA assumed responsibility for the management of services at Hughes Spalding Children's Hospital growing the system to three hospitals.

neg: St. John's Episcopal Hospital The St. John's Episcopal Hospital was a sectarian hospital in the Bedford-Stuyvesant neighborhood of Central Brooklyn.

neg: Saint Ultan's Children's Hospital Saint Ultan's Children's Hospital was a paediatric hospital in Dublin, Ireland. It was named after Ultan of Ardbraccan, patron saint of paediatricians.

neg: Children's Hospital of Philadelphia The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) is a children's hospital in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, with its primary campus located in the University City neighborhood of West Philadelphia next to the campus of the University of Pennsylvania. It is one of the largest and oldest children's hospitals in the world, and United States' first hospital dedicated to the healthcare of children. CHOP has been ranked as the best children's hospital in the United States by "U.S. News & World Report" and "Parents Magazine" in recent years. As of 2012, it was ranked number one in the nation by U.S. News for six out of ten specialties. The hospital is located next to the University of Pennsylvania and its physicians serve as the pediatrics department of the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania.

neg: Carolinas Healthcare System Carolinas HealthCare System is a nonprofit hospital network which operates hospitals, freestanding emergency departments, urgent care centers, and medical practices in the American states of North and South Carolina. About 90% of the hospitals affiliated with the system are located within 75 miles of Carolinas Medical Center, the system's flagship hospital and headquarters, in Charlotte, North Carolina. The system has over 60,000 employees.

neg: The Hospital for Sick Children The Hospital for Sick Children, corporately branded as SickKids, is a children's hospital and teaching hospital located on University Avenue in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is affiliated with the University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine, and is the second-largest paediatric research hospital in the world, after the Boston Children's Hospital. The hospital's Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning is the largest pediatric research building in the world at 750,000 square feet. Founded in 1875, the hospital was inspired by the example of Great Ormond Street Hospital in London.

neg: Hoboken University Medical Center Hoboken University Medical Center is a hospital located in Hoboken, New Jersey. It was founded in 1863 as St. Mary Hospital and operated under that name until 2007. The hospital is owned by Hudson Hospital Opco, known as CarePoint Health, a for-profit organization that also owns Bayonne Medical Center and Christ Hospital,

neg: Hospital Metropolitano de Santiago The Hospital Metropolitano de Santiago (HOMS) is the largest hospital  in the Dominican Republic and one of the most modern hospitals in Latin America and the Caribbean, with 300 doctor’s offices, 400 beds, 16 operating rooms, a hotel, and other specialized units.

neg: University of Missouri Children's Hospital University of Missouri Children's Hospital is mid-Missouri's largest and most comprehensive pediatric health-care facility dedicated exclusively to meeting the health-care needs of children. Children's Hospital is a member of University of Missouri Health Care in Columbia, Missouri and affiliated with the University of Missouri.

neg: St. Francis Medical Center (Trenton, New Jersey) St. Francis Medical Center is a hospital within the City of Trenton, New Jersey located on Hamilton Avenue. The hospital was introduced a plaque in honor of President John F. Kennedy in 1968. Today, the plaque is placed at the corner of Hamilton Ave. and Chambers St. The building consists of a parking lot, emergency entrance (which has an entrance for only ambulances), and a main building.

neg: St. John Providence Health System St. John Providence is a non-profit corporation that owns and operates four hospitals and over 125 medical facilities in the U.S. state of Michigan. Its headquarters are in the St. John Providence Corporate Services Building in Warren in Metro Detroit. The parent company of St. John Providence is Ascension in St. Louis.

neg: Bayonne Medical Center CarePoint Health Bayonne Medical Center is a hospital in Bayonne, New Jersey. It has 278 beds and was founded in 1888.


query: The Battle of Vuelta de Obligado was part of a larger naval blockade that lasted how long?

pos: Battle of Vuelta de Obligado The naval Battle of Vuelta de Obligado took place on the waters of the Paraná River on 20 November 1845, between the Argentine Confederation, under the leadership of Juan Manuel de Rosas, and a combined Anglo-French fleet. The action was part of the larger Anglo-French blockade of the Río de la Plata. Although the attacking forces broke through the Argentine naval defenses and overran the land defenses, the battle proved that foreign ships could not safely navigate Argentine internal waters against its government's wishes. The battle also changed political feeling in South America, increasing support for Rosas and his government.

pos: Anglo-French blockade of the Río de la Plata The Anglo-French blockade of the Río de la Plata was a five-year-long naval blockade imposed by France and Britain on the Argentine Confederation ruled by Juan Manuel de Rosas. It was imposed in 1845 to support the Colorado Party in the Uruguayan Civil War and closed Buenos Aires to naval commerce. The Anglo-French navy trespassed into the internal waters of Argentina, in order to sell their products, as Rosas maintained a protectionist policy to improve the weak Argentine economy. Eventually both Britain and France gave in, signing treaties in 1849 (Britain) and 1850 (France) acknowledging the Argentine sovereignty over its rivers.

neg: Battle of Luchana The Battle of Luchana ("Lutxana" in Basque) occurred at Bilbao and its vicinities during the night of December 23, 1836 and went on until December 24, 1836. The Carlists were besieging Bilbao and controlled the water and land routes towards the city. The battle of Luchana took place in the district belonging to the parish of Deusto and the municipality of Erandio, on the banks of the Asúa River, which empties into the Nervión at the spot known as Luchana. The Carlists were defeated and the siege of Bilbao was lifted.

neg: Lines of Contravallation of Gibraltar The Lines of Contravallation of Gibraltar (Spanish: "Línea de Contravalación de Gibraltar" or "Línea de Gibraltar"), known in English as the "Spanish Lines", were a set of fortifications built by the Spanish across the northern part of the isthmus linking Spain with Gibraltar. They later gave their name to the Spanish town of La Línea de la Concepción. The Lines were constructed after 1730 to establish a defensive barrier across the peninsula, with the aim of preventing any British incursions, and to serve as a base for fresh Spanish attempts to retake Gibraltar. They played an important role in the Great Siege of Gibraltar between 1779 and 1783 when they supported the unsuccessful French and Spanish assault on the British-held fortress.The siege was ended after the lines of contravallation were attacked by British and Dutch forces under the command of the Governor of Gibraltar,General Augustus Eliot.The attack caused the Spanish forces to retreat and abandon the fortifications and the combined British led forces virtually destroyed all the spanish gun batteries and the enemy cannon and munitions either captured or destroyed.This attack is still commemorated to this day and is known as 'Sortie Day'.

neg: Channel Dash The Channel Dash or Unternehmen Zerberus (Operation Cerberus) was a German naval operation during World War II. A "Kriegsmarine" (German navy) squadron of both of the "Scharnhorst"-class battleship s, the heavy cruiser "Prinz Eugen" and escorts, ran a British blockade from Brest in Brittany, where they had been a fleet in being and a latent threat to British trans-Atlantic convoys. At Brest and La Pallice, the ships had been attacked by Royal Air Force (RAF) Bomber Command and by RAF Coastal Command torpedo-bombers from March 1941, which inflicted periodic damage to the ships, reducing their seaworthiness. In late 1941, Adolf Hitler ordered "Oberkommando der Marine" ("OKM" Navy high-command), to plan an operation to return the ships to German bases, to counter a possible British invasion of Norway. The short route up the English Channel was preferred to a detour around the British Isles, to benefit from surprise and from air cover by the "Luftwaffe".

neg: Bombardment of Algiers (1784) The 2nd Bombardment of Algiers took place between 12 and 21 July 1784. A joint Spanish-Neapolitan-Maltese-Portuguese fleet commanded by the experienced Spanish Admiral Antonio Barceló bombarded the city, which was the main base of the Barbary corsairs, with the aim of forcing them to interrupt their activities. Massive damage and casualties were inflicted to the Algerians, while the loss aboard the allied fleet was low. The Dey of Algiers refused to start negotiations immediately but the fear of a third planned expedition under José de Mazarredo convinced him to negotiate a peace with the Spanish by which he was forced to cease large-scale piracy, signalling the effective end of the Barbary privateering until the outbreak of the Napoleonic Wars.

neg: Battle of Barcelona (1359) The Battle of Barcelona (June 9–11, 1359) was a naval engagement fought in the coastal region of Barcelona, Spain, between the navies of the Crowns of Aragon and Castile, during the War of the Two Peters. A number of months beforehand, a large Castilian fleet had been assembled at Seville by order of the King of Castile, Peter I. Consisting of 128 warships including royal vessels, ships from the King of Castile's vassals, and several others that had been sent by the Castilian-allied monarchs of Portugal and Granada, this large fleet had been entrusted to the Genoese admiral, Egidio Boccanegra, who was seconded by two of his relatives, Ambrogio and Bartolome.

neg: Battle of Guantánamo Bay The Battle of Guantánamo Bay was fought from June 6 to June 10 in 1898, during the Spanish–American War, when American and Cuban forces seized the strategically and commercially important harbor of Guantánamo Bay, Cuba. Capturing the bay from the Spanish forces was instrumental in the following Battle of Santiago de Cuba and the subsequent invasion of Puerto Rico. Although overshadowed by the land and sea battles at Santiago, the establishment of the United States naval base at Guantánamo Bay and the rout of defending Spanish troops by American and Cuban forces was important in the final Spanish defeat.

neg: Invasion of Martinique (1809) The invasion of Martinique of 1809 was a successful British amphibious operation against the French West Indian island of Martinique that took place between 30 January and 24 February 1809 during the West Indies Campaign 1804–1810 of the Napoleonic Wars. Martinique, like nearby Guadeloupe, was a major threat to British trade in the Caribbean, providing a sheltered base from which privateers and French Navy warships could raid British shipping and disrupt the trade routes that maintained the British economy. The islands also provided a focus for larger scale French operations in the region and in the autumn of 1808, following the Spanish alliance with Britain, the Admiralty decided to order a British squadron to neutralise the threat, beginning with Martinique.

neg: Sieges of Ceuta (1694–1727) The Sieges of Ceuta (also known as the Thirty-year Siege) were a series of blockades by Moroccan forces of the Spanish-held city of Ceuta on the North African coast. The first siege began on 23 October 1694 and finished in 1720 when reinforcements arrived. During the 26 years of the siege, the city underwent changes leading to the loss of its Portuguese character. While most of the military operations took place around the city walls ("Muralles Reales"), there were also small-scale penetrations by Spanish forces at various points on the Moroccan coast, and seizure of shipping in the Strait of Gibraltar. The city was placed under a second siege in 1721 until 22 April 1727.

neg: Battle of Alboran The battle of Alboran (Spanish: "batalla de Alborán" ) took place on 1 October 1540 off the isle of Alboran during the Ottoman-Habsburg struggle for the control of the Mediterranean when a Spanish fleet under the command of Bernardino de Mendoza destroyed an Ottoman fleet commanded by Ali Hamet, sinking a galley and capturing 10 other ships.

neg: Battle of the Strait of Gibraltar (1591) The Battle of the Strait of Gibraltar was a naval action off Gibraltar on 24 April 1591. A fleet of three English merchant vessels escorted by a larger armed merchant vessel "Centurion" was attacked by five Spanish galleys. Ultimately, the Spanish were repelled, but not before the English vessel "Dolphin" was sunk by one of the galleys.

neg: Cámara's Flying Relief Column During the Spanish–American War of 1898, Cámara's Flying Relief Column was a naval task force of Spain's most powerful warships, under the command of Rear Admiral Manuel de la Cámara, tasked with relieving Spanish forces in Manila after the defeat of Spanish Pacific Squadron under Admiral Patricio Montojo y Pasarón by the American Asiatic Squadron under Commodore George Dewey in the Battle of Manila Bay on May 1, 1898. The Spanish fleet, consisting of the battleship "Pelayo", armored cruiser "Emperador Carlos V", auxiliary cruisers "Patriota" and "Rapido", destroyers "Audaz", "Osado", and "Prosepina", and transports "Buenos Aires" and "Panay", left Spain in June 1898. The squadron was far more powerful than that commanded by Dewey, which only consisted of four protected cruisers and two gunboats. The monitor USS "Monterey" had been ordered from the U.S. to the Philippines, and departed on 11 June.

neg: Battle of the Basque Roads The Battle of the Basque Roads, also known as the Battle of Aix Roads (French: "Bataille de l'île d'Aix", also "Affaire des brûlots", rarely "Bataille de la rade des Basques") was a major naval battle of the Napoleonic Wars, fought in the narrow Basque Roads at the mouth of the Charente River on the Biscay coast of France. The battle, which lasted from 11–25 April 1809, was unusual in that it pitted a hastily-assembled squadron of small and unorthodox British Royal Navy warships against the main strength of the French Atlantic Fleet, the circumstances dictated by the cramped, shallow coastal waters in which the battle was fought. The battle is also notorious for its political aftermath in both Britain and France.

neg: Capture of the San Joaquin The Capture of the San Joaquin or the Battle of Cartagena was a naval engagement that took place off the coast near Cartagena (present day Colombia). It involved five British ships of the line against a Spanish galleon and a smaller ship. After an action lasting barely an hour the Spanish ship surrendered. The Galleon had fought in the previous encounter during Wager's Action nearly 3 years earlier but had just barely escaped capture.

neg: Capture of Mahdiye (1550) The capture of Mahdia was an amphibious military operation that took place from June to September, 1550, during the struggle between the Ottoman Empire and the Spanish Habsburgs for the control of the Mediterranean. A Spanish naval expedition under the command of the Genoese condottiero and admiral Andrea Doria and the Spaniard Bernardino de Mendoza, supported by the Knights of Malta under their Grand Master Claude de la Sengle, besieged and captured the Ottoman stronghold of Mahdia or Mahdiye, defended by the Ottoman Admiral Turgut Reis, known as "Dragut", who was using the place as a base for his piratical activities throughout the Spanish and Italian coasts. Mahdia was abandoned by Spain three years later, and all its fortifications were demolished to avoid a re-occupation of the city by the Ottomans.

neg: Battle of Pacocha The naval Incident of Pacocha took place on 29 May 1877 when Nicolás de Piérola was leading a revolution to overthrow then Peruvian President Mariano Ignacio Prado. Piérola's supporters used the Peruvian monitor "Huáscar" as a raiding ship. She harassed the shipping especially off El Callao, the main commercial port of Peru. However, after she boarded some British merchant ships, British authorities sent Rear Admiral de Horsey to capture the vessel. The Peruvian warship managed to outrun the British squadron after a fierce exchange of fire. "Huascar" guns were undermanned, and the monitor fired just 40 rounds. "Shah"' s mast was damaged by splinters. On the British side, "Shah" fired 237 shots and "Amethyst" 190, but none of them carried armour-piercing ammunition. "Huascar" was hit 60 times, but her armour shield defeated all the rounds. There was a last-ditch effort to stop or sink the rebels when two small torpedo rams from "Shah" attempted to find the "Huascar", but the Peruvian ship managed to escape under the cover of darkness. The rebel crew was forced to surrender their ship to the Peruvian government just two days later.

neg: Lamellerie's expedition Lamellerie's expedition was a French naval operation launched in February 1806. Four French Navy frigates and a brig, all survivors of the Battle of Trafalgar in October 1805, attempted to break past the British blockade of Cadiz on 23 February 1806, taking advantage of the withdrawal of the principal blockade squadron several months earlier at the start of the Atlantic campaign of 1806. Although the squadron was intercepted by elements of the British blockade force, Captain Louis-Charles-Auguste Delamarre de Lamellerie escaped with the four frigates by abandoning the slower brig, which was captured. During the next six months, Lamellerie's squadron cruised the Atlantic, visiting Senegal, Cayenne and the West Indies but failing to cause any significant disruption to British trade.

neg: Invasion of Cuba (1741) The invasion of Cuba took place between 4–5 August and 9 December 1741 during the War of Jenkins' Ear. A combined army and naval force under the command of Admiral Edward Vernon and Major-General Thomas Wentworth arrived off Cuba and fortified positions around their landing site at Cumberland Bay. Despite facing no serious opposition, neither commander felt prepared to advance on the Spanish settlement at Santiago de Cuba. Harassed by guerrilla raids and with a mounting sick list, the British finally evacuated the island after several months of inactivity.

neg: Battle of the Mona Passage The Battle of the Mona Passage was a naval engagement on 19 April 1782 between a British fleet under Rear-Admiral Sir Samuel Hood, and a small French fleet. It took place in the Mona Passage, the strait separating Hispaniola and Puerto Rico, shortly after the British victory at the Battle of the Saintes. The British overtook and captured four ships, two of which were 64-gun ships of the line.

neg: Blockade of Africa The Blockade of Africa began in 1808 after Britain outlawed the Atlantic slave trade, making it illegal for British ships to transport slaves. The Royal Navy immediately established a presence off Africa to enforce the ban, called the West Africa Squadron. Although the ban initially applied only to British ships, Britain negotiated treaties with other countries to give the Royal Navy the right to intercept and search their ships for slaves. A notable exception was the United States, which refused such permission. The 1807 Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves technically abolished the intercontinental slave trade in the United States but the ban was not widely enforced and many of the slave ships which escaped the blockade were destined for the southern United States.

neg: Ingham incident The Ingham" Incident, or the Montezuma" Affair, was a naval battle fought in 1835, the first between Mexico and the United States. The Mexican warship "Montezuma" patrolled the coast of Texas to prevent the smuggling of contraband into the territory. During the cruise, the Mexicans captured the American merchant ship "Martha" and later the Texan ship "Columbia" which led to a response by the Revenue Service cutter USRC "Ingham". A bloodless engagement was fought on June 14, and ended when the "Montezuma" was purposely run aground to prevent capture.


query: Are Sam Roberts and Guided by Voices both Canadian?

pos: Sam Roberts Sam Roberts (born October 2, 1974) is a Canadian rock singer-songwriter, who has released six albums and has been signed to Universal (Canada) since 2002. His debut EP "The Inhuman Condition", reached the Canadian charts in 2002. Live he performs with the Sam Roberts Band.

pos: Guided by Voices Guided by Voices (often abbreviated as GBV) is an American indie rock band from Dayton, Ohio. It has made frequent personnel changes but always maintained the presence of principal songwriter Robert Pollard.

neg: List of Canadian voice actors Voice acting is the art of providing voices for animated characters (in cartoons, video games, puppet shows, radio, audio books, amusement rides, computer programs, etc.)

neg: David Sobolov David Sobolov (born October 23, 1964 in Windsor, Ontario) is a Canadian voice actor and director. He is known for his voice over work in video games, movies and TV shows.

neg: Randy Bachman Randolph Charles "Randy" Bachman, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} ( ; born September 27, 1943) is a Canadian musician best known as lead guitarist, songwriter and a founding member of the 1960s and 1970s rock bands The Guess Who and Bachman–Turner Overdrive. Bachman was also a member of Brave Belt with Chad Allan, Union and Ironhorse, and has recorded numerous solo albums.

neg: Samuel Wong Samuel Wong () is a Hong Kong-born Canadian conductor and ophthalmologist .

neg: Terrence Scammell (Canadian actor) Terrence Frederick Scammell (born January 10, 1958) is a Canadian voice director and voice actor living in Montreal, Quebec.

neg: Richard Link Richard Link is a Canadian composer, musical director, teacher, and performer living in London. An accomplished pianist, he often music directs, conducts, and plays for his own productions.

neg: Andrew Cole (musician) Andrew James Cole is a Canadian-born musician and philanthropist from the UK. He is signed to Crier Records. Cole is also recognized for his anti-abuse awareness multimedia project entitled "Do You Think I'm A Joke?"

neg: Norman Amadio Albert Norman Benedict "Norm" Amadio (born April 14, 1928 in Timmins, Ontario) is a Canadian jazz pianist, piano teacher, music coach, composer, arranger, session player, band leader and accompanist. For a span of fifty years he worked for the CBC as an orchestra leader and musical director for many TV series. In 1956, he became the first and only Canadian to play at the original Birdland in New York City and while playing opposite Duke Ellington.

neg: Kwamé Ryan Kwamé Ryan (born 1970, Toronto) is a Canadian conductor of Trinidadian descent.

neg: Ronnie Hawkins Ronald Hawkins, OC, (born January 10, 1935) is an American/Canadian rockabilly musician whose career has spanned more than half a century. His career began in Arkansas, where he was born and raised. He found success in Ontario, Canada, and has lived there for most of his life. He is considered highly influential in the establishment and evolution of rock music in Canada.

neg: Grant L. Roberts Grant Roberts is a former Mr. World Canada bodybuilding champion, and is a personal trainer, nutritionist, lifestyle coach, actor, author and philanthropist. Roberts was born in Toronto, Canada, and is also a citizen of Ireland. He currently resides in Canada and the United States.

neg: Daniel Bélanger Daniel Bélanger (born December 26, 1961) is a Canadian singer-songwriter. His music is eclectic, inspired by alternative rock, folk and electronic music, sometimes humorous sometimes wistful.

neg: Sugar Sammy Samir Khullar, better known as Sugar Sammy, is a Canadian comedian, actor, writer and producer from Montreal, Quebec, Canada. His comedy routines are delivered in a mixture of fluent English, French, Punjabi and Hindi.

neg: By Divine Right By Divine Right is a Canadian indie rock band led by the guitarist and vocalist José Miguel Contreras.

neg: Spencer Krug Spencer Krug ( ) (born May 4, 1977) is a Canadian musician. He is the singer, songwriter and keyboardist for the indie rock band Moonface. He has also performed with other Canadian bands including Wolf Parade, Sunset Rubdown, Swan Lake, Frog Eyes, Fifths of Seven, and ska band the Two Tonne Bowlers, playing various instruments. His involvement in many musical acts has garnered him a noticeably high output of work, being credited on several releases a year. He is known for his distinctive voice and songwriting abilities.

neg: Sam Goldberg Jr. Sam Goldberg, Jr. is a Canadian musician from Hudson, Quebec. He is best known as a member of Broken Social Scene, which he joined in 2007.

neg: Stan Rogers Stanley Allison "Stan" Rogers (November 29, 1949 – June 2, 1983) was a Canadian folk musician and songwriter.

neg: Brian K. Roberts Brian K. Roberts is an American television director. He is credited with directing over 350 programs for US television and over 200 episodes of Canadian television and films.

neg: The Consumer Goods The Consumer Goods was a Canadian indie rock/pop band originally from Winnipeg, Manitoba. Their politically charged music earned both praise and contempt, and made them controversial figures in the Canadian indie rock scene in the 2000s. Between 2005 and 2012, they released four records and scored two significant hits including "…Sam Katz," a polemic against Winnipeg's mayor that went into heavy rotation on local radio, much to Sam Katz's embarrassment, and "Hockey Night in Afghanada," an anthemic call for the separation of hockey and war-mongering that "managed to thoroughly embarrass the folks at CBC Sports when they submitted the song to CBC's contest to replace the Hockey Night In Canada Theme." The band also toured Canada extensively, appeared on the cover of "Uptown Magazine", charted in over 50 independent radio stations in Canada and the US, and were nominated for two awards (including one of CBC's annual listener-selected "Bucky Awards"). Principally powered by activist/teacher Tyler Shipley, the band relocated to Toronto in the late 2000s and released its final album there, produced by Dale Morningstar and featuring Dave Clark and Bob Egan. They are often compared to other politically minded acts from Winnipeg, most notably The Weakerthans and Propagandhi. The Consumer Goods appeared on the Winnipeg-based Grumpy Cloud Records.

neg: Collider (Sam Roberts album) Collider is the fourth studio album from Canadian rock musician Sam Roberts, released on May 10, 2011. It is the first album released under the moniker "Sam Roberts Band" instead of "Sam Roberts". "Collider" features several guest musicians, including Elizabeth Powell (of fellow Montreal band Land of Talk) on "Longitude", percussionist Ben Massarella (of Califone), and woodwind player Stuart D. Bogie (of Antibalas).