query: Who was the victim of The Heisman curse after being awarded the trophy in 2003?

pos: Heisman curse The Heisman curse is a term coined to reference a two-part assertion of a negative future for the winning player of the Heisman Trophy. The "curse" supposes that any college football player who wins the Heisman plays on a team that will likely lose its subsequent bowl game. The trend of post-award failure has garnered the attention of the mainstream media. Talk of a curse in relation to bowl results was particularly prevalent from 2003 to 2008, when six Heisman Trophy winners compiled a cumulative 1–5 bowl game record, and five of those six led number one ranked teams into the Bowl Championship Series (BCS) National Championship Game as favorites (Heisman Trophy winners, including Reggie Bush, who gave back his Heisman Trophy, are 4–8 overall in the BCS National Championship Game and College Football Playoff National Championship, although prior to 2009 they were 1–6). Additionally, the Heisman curse asserts that in most cases a Heisman winner will have either a poor career in the National Football League (NFL), or in fact not even see such a football career at all. Although many Heisman winners have not enjoyed success at the professional level, including players like Matt Leinart, Andre Ware, Jason White, Rashaan Salaam, Eric Crouch, Ty Detmer, Troy Smith and Gino Torretta, proponents of the "curse" rarely cite highly successful players such as Barry Sanders, Charles Woodson, Eddie George, Tim Brown, Bo Jackson, Marcus Allen, Earl Campbell, and Tony Dorsett among the notables.

pos: Jason White (American football) Jason White (born June 19, 1980) is an American former college football quarterback who played for the University of Oklahoma, was recognized as a unanimous All-American, and won the Heisman Trophy in 2003. White is currently a business owner in Oklahoma.

neg: Houston Bowl The Houston Bowl was an NCAA-sanctioned Division I-A college football bowl game that was played annually in Houston, Texas, from 2000 to 2005. For its first two years, the game was known as the galleryfurniture.com Bowl, named for the website of the sponsor, a Houston furniture chain operated by Jim McIngvale. In 2002, the Houston Bowl was born and later named the EV1.net Houston Bowl, after sponsor EV1.net, for the remainder of the game's existence.

neg: Herschel Caldwell Herschel Amos Caldwell (August 13, 1903 – July 31, 1989) was a college football player and coach.

neg: Glenn Davis (halfback) Glenn Woodward Davis (December 26, 1924 – March 9, 2005) was a professional American football player for the Los Angeles Rams. He is best known for his college football career for the United States Military Academy at West Point from 1943 to 1946, where he was known as "Mr. Outside." He was named a consensus All-American three times, and in 1946 won the Heisman Trophy and was named "Sporting News" Player of the Year and Associated Press Athlete of the Year.

neg: Dick Kazmaier Richard William Kazmaier Jr. (November 23, 1930 – August 1, 2013) was an American football player for Princeton University from 1949 through 1951 and winner of the 1951 Heisman Trophy.

neg: 2003 All-Pro Team The 2003 All-Pro Team is composed of the National Football League players that were named to the Associated Press, Pro Football Writers Association, and The Sporting News All-Pro Teams in 2003. Both first and second teams are listed for the AP team. These are the three teams that are included in "Total Football II: The Official Encyclopedia of the National Football League". In 2003 the Pro Football Writers Association and Pro Football Weekly combined their All-pro teams, a practice with continues through 2008.

neg: 2003–04 NCAA football bowl games The 2003–04 NCAA football bowl games were a series of 28 post-season games (including the Bowl Championship Series) played in December 2003 and January 2004 for Division I-A football teams and their all-stars. The post-season began with the New Orleans Bowl on December 16, 2003, and concluded on January 30, 2004, with the season-ending Senior Bowl.

neg: 1931 college football season The 1931 NCAA football season saw the USC Trojans win the Knute Rockne Memorial Trophy as national champion under the Dickinson System. Rockne, who had coached Notre Dame to a championship in 1930, had been killed in a plane crash on March 31, 1931. For the first time, the champion under the Dickinson system also played in a postseason game. The Rose Bowl, promoted as an unofficial championship matchup between the best teams of East and West, matched USC and Tulane, #1 and #2 in the Dickinson ratings. USC won, 21-12. Also for 1931, historian Parke Davis, through research, selected Pittsburgh and Purdue as National Champions and these selections, along with USC, are all recognized by the official NCAA records book. Both USC and Pitt claim national championships for 1931, and both are recognized by College Football Data Warehouse.

neg: 2003 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team The 2003 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team represented the University of Notre Dame in the 2003 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team was coached by Tyrone Willingham and played its home games at Notre Dame Stadium in South Bend, Indiana. The Irish finished the season at 5–7 and failed to become bowl eligible. The season was punctuated by a pair of three-game losing streaks and ugly blowout losses against Michigan, USC and Florida State.

neg: Mike Michalske August Mike Michalske (April 24, 1903 – October 26, 1983), sometimes known as "Iron Mike", was an American football player and coach. He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame as part of its second induction class in 1964. He was also named in 1969 to the NFL 1920s All-Decade Team.

neg: 2003 Alamo Bowl The 2003 Alamo Bowl was an American football bowl game between the Michigan State Spartans and the Nebraska Cornhuskers played December 29, 2003 at the Alamodome in San Antonio, Texas.

neg: Ty Detmer Ty Hubert Detmer (born October 30, 1967) is an American football coach and former player. As a player, Detmer won the Heisman Trophy in 1990 while playing quarterback for Brigham Young University (BYU). He went on to play professionally in the National Football League (NFL) for fourteen seasons. He has been the offensive coordinator at BYU since December 2015. At BYU, Detmer broke several NCAA records and was twice recognized as a consensus All-American. A late-round pick in the 1992 NFL Draft, Detmer played for five NFL teams, mostly in a back-up role. He is the older brother of former NFL quarterback Koy Detmer.

neg: 2003 Iowa State Cyclones football team The 2003 Iowa State Cyclones football team represented Iowa State University during the 2003 NCAA Division I-A football season. They played their home games at Jack Trice Stadium in Ames, Iowa. They participated as members of the Big 12 Conference in the North Division. The team was coached by head coach Dan McCarney.

neg: 2003 Tangerine Bowl The 2003 Tangerine Bowl was the 14th edition of the college football bowl game and was played on December 22, 2003, featuring the NC State Wolfpack, and the Kansas Jayhawks. This was the third and last under the Tangerine Bowl name as Champs Sports took over naming rights starting in 2004.

neg: 2003 New York Giants season The 2003 New York Giants season was the team's 79th season in the National Football League. The team was unable to duplicate their 2002 season's playoff appearance, instead only winning four games and finishing the season on an eight game losing streak which cost head coach Jim Fassel his job.

neg: Ricky Williams Errick Lynne "Ricky" Williams Jr. (born May 21, 1977) is a retired American football running back who played twelve seasons in the National Football League (NFL) and one season in the Canadian Football League (CFL). He played college football for the University of Texas, where he was a two-time All-American and won the Heisman Trophy. Williams was drafted by the New Orleans Saints fifth overall in the 1999 NFL Draft and spent three seasons with the team before he was traded to the Miami Dolphins in 2002. He played for the Dolphins for two seasons, and retired for the first time from football in 2004. Due to his suspension from the NFL in 2006, he played for the Toronto Argonauts that year. Williams re-joined the Dolphins in 2007 and played with them until 2010, and spent the 2011 season with the Baltimore Ravens. He was formerly an assistant football coach at the University of the Incarnate Word and is currently a football analyst for ESPN's Longhorn Network. In 2015, Williams was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame.

neg: Bill Austin (American football) Bill Austin (born c. 1937) is a former American football player. He played as a back for the Rutgers Scarlet Knights football team from 1956 to 1958 and was selected by the Associated Press as a first-team player on the 1958 All-America Team. He finished sixth in the voting for the Heisman Trophy in 1958, and he rushed for 2,073 yards and scored 204 points during his college football career at Rutgers.

neg: Jerry Dalrymple Gerald R. "Jerry" Dalrymple (August 6, 1906 – September 25, 1962) was an American football and basketball player and coach. Dalrymple worked odd jobs at Ouachita Junior College in Arkadelphia for three years. He was a prominent end for coach Bernie Bierman's Tulane Green Wave football teams of Tulane University from 1929 to 1931. During his three seasons with the team, the Green Wave posted a record of 28 wins and two losses. He wore number 33. Dalrymple was All-Southern in just his sophomore year; All-American by his junior and senior year. In 1931, a year his team went to the Rose Bowl, he was the only unanimous All-American in the country. He is still the only unanimous All-American from Tulane. He was also Tulane's football captain that year. One article which attempts to retroactively name Heisman Trophy winners before 1934 named Dalrymple as the recipient for '31. He was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame as a player in 1954. He was nominated though not selected for an "Associated Press" All-Time Southeast 1920-1969 era team. He stood 5'10" and weighed 175 pounds.

neg: Jim Harbaugh James Joseph Harbaugh ( ; born December 23, 1963) is the head football coach of the University of Michigan Wolverines and is a former quarterback. He played college football at Michigan for coach Bo Schembechler from 1983 to 1986 and played in the National Football League (NFL) for 14 seasons from 1987 to 2000. He then served as the head coach of the San Diego Toreros (2004–2006), the Stanford Cardinal (2007–2010), and the NFL's San Francisco 49ers (2011–2014). In 2015, Harbaugh returned to his alma mater, Michigan.

neg: Harlon Hill Trophy The Harlon Hill Trophy is an award in American college football given to the individual selected as the most valuable player in NCAA Division II. The award is named for former University of North Alabama and National Football League player Harlon Hill. It was first given in 1986 to Jeff Bentrim of North Dakota State University. It is often considered to be the Division II equivalent of the Heisman Trophy.

neg: 2004 Cotton Bowl Classic The 2004 Cotton Bowl Classic was a post-season college football bowl game between the Ole Miss Rebels and the Oklahoma State Cowboys on January 2, 2004, at the Cotton Bowl in Dallas, Texas. It was the final game of the 2003 NCAA Division I-A football season for each team and resulted in a 31-28 Ole Miss victory. Ole Miss represented the Southeastern Conference (SEC) while Oklahome State represented the Big 12 Conference. It was Ole Miss's first January bowl victory since the 1970 Sugar Bowl and first Cotton Bowl Classic appearance since 1962.


query: What is the name of this city, which is also known as "The City of the Crosses" and is located 60 miles (97 km) east of Luna City, New Mexico, United States?

pos: Deming, New Mexico Deming is a city in Luna County, New Mexico, United States, located 60 miles (97 km) west of Las Cruces and thirty-three miles north of the Mexican border. The population was 14,855 according to the 2010 census. Deming is the county seat and principal community of Luna County.

pos: Las Cruces, New Mexico Las Cruces, also known as "The City of the Crosses", is the seat of Doña Ana County, New Mexico, United States. As of the 2010 census the population was 97,618, and in 2015 the estimated population was 101,643, making it the second largest city in the state, after Albuquerque. Las Cruces is the largest city in both Doña Ana County and southern New Mexico. The Las Cruces metropolitan area had an estimated population of 213,676 in 2014. It is the principal city of a metropolitan statistical area which encompasses all of Doña Ana County and is part of the larger El Paso–Las Cruces combined statistical area.

neg: Guadalupe, Arizona Guadalupe is a town in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States. Since its founding, it has been known as a center of Yaqui culture and it is home to many religious festivals. The town motto, "where three cultures flourish," recognizes the towns roots in the Yaquis, Mexicans and descendants of the original farmers. Nestled between Phoenix and Tempe, the 2010 census listed the population of the town as 5,523. Guadalupe was founded around 1900 by Yaqui Indians, who fled their homeland in Sonora to avoid oppression by the Mexican government of Porfirio Diaz. The cemetery of Guadalupe was established in 1904, in the original townsite of the town. The city of Tempe annexed the area surrounding the cemetery. The cemetery is now officially located in Tempe, however it is still administered by the Guadalupe Clerk's Office. Respectful visitors are welcome to observe these ceremonies, although photography is forbidden. Guadalupe is primarily a residential area; most residents commute to other parts of the Phoenix area to work.

neg: Whiskey Creek Airport Whiskey Creek Airport (FAA LID: 94E) is a public use airport located four nautical miles (7 km) east of the central business district of Silver City, in Grant County, New Mexico, United States.

neg: Silver City, Utah Silver City is a ghost town located at the mouth of Dragon Canyon on the west flank of the East Tintic Mountains in northeast Juab County in central Utah, United States. It was a silver mining town approximately 90 mi south-southwest of Salt Lake City, Utah. This area was considered part of the Tintic Mining District and also produced bismuth, copper, gold, and lead. Settlement began with the first mining strikes here in 1869. Silver City was inhabited until 1930 after the mines ran out. Jesse Knight, known as the "Mormon Wizard" for his ability to find ore easily, decided to build a smelter in Silver City because it had the flattest ground in all of the Tintic Mining District. Silver City had several mines in 1890, but the mines hit water and were abandoned. Now there is nothing left other than a few holes where mines were, and a number of tailings piles.

neg: Cross River (New York) The Cross River is a short river in southern New York State that rises near the hamlet of Cross River in the township of Lewisboro. After its rising point, it makes a loop, heading SE, then SW, then NW, and finally west. It continues a few miles in that direction until it ends up in the Cross River Reservoir, a part of the New York City Watershed System. It flows out of the spillway at the end of the reservoir and joins the Croton River in Katonah.

neg: Lamy, New Mexico Lamy is a census-designated place (CDP) in Santa Fe County, New Mexico, United States, 18 mi south of the city of Santa Fe. The community was named for Archbishop Jean-Baptiste Lamy, and lies within the "Bishop John Lamy Spanish Land Grant", which dates back to the eighteenth century.

neg: High Road to Taos The 56 mi High Road to Taos is a scenic, winding road through the Sangre de Cristo Mountains between Santa Fe and Taos. (The "Low Road" runs through the valleys along the Rio Grande). It winds through high desert, mountains, forests, small farms, and tiny Spanish Land Grant villages and Pueblo Indian villages. Scattered along the way are the galleries and studios of traditional artisans and artists drawn by the natural beauty. It has been recognized by the state of New Mexico as an official Scenic Byway.

neg: Santa Cruz de las Flores Santa Cruz de las Flores is Spanish for "holy cross of the flowers"

neg: Olathe, Kansas Olathe ( ) is a city in, and is the county seat of, Johnson County, Kansas, United States. Located in northeastern Kansas, it is also the fourth most populous city in the state, with a population of 125,872 recorded by the 2010 census. Olathe is also the fourth-largest city in the Kansas City metropolitan area. It is bordered by the cities of Lenexa to the north, Overland Park to the east, De Soto to the northwest, and Gardner to the southwest.

neg: Ojo Caliente, New Mexico Ojo Caliente is a small unincorporated community in Taos County, New Mexico, United States. It lies along U.S. Route 285 near the Rio Grande between Española and Taos, approximately 50 miles north of Santa Fe, the state capital. Ojo Caliente is known for its hot springs.

neg: Yalalag cross A Yalalag cross is a particular style of Christian cross made in Yalalag, Oaxaca, Mexico. It is a pendant cross with medals on the arms.

neg: Lincoln Historic District (Lincoln, New Mexico) Lincoln Historic District is a historic district encompassing the community of Lincoln, New Mexico. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1966. The historic district contains 48 structures, some privately-held, 12 mi east of Capitan and 57 mi west of Roswell along U.S. Route 380.

neg: Caballo Mountains The Caballo Mountains, (Spanish: "horse") are a mountain range located in Sierra and Doña Ana Counties, New Mexico, United States. The range is located east of the Rio Grande and Caballo Lake, and west of the Jornada del Muerto; the south of the range extends into northwest Doña Ana County. The nearest towns are Truth or Consequences and Hatch.

neg: Colonia del Valle Colonia del Valle (Spanish for: "Del Valle neighborhood") is a neighborhood in the Benito Juarez borough of Mexico City. It includes "...a great number of parks, vast and tree-lined streets, prestigious shopping malls, and some city landmarks...".

neg: El Cerrito, New Mexico El Cerrito, New Mexico is a village in San Miguel County, New Mexico, in the United States, in the upper Pecos Valley. It was founded in 1824, and is a Hispanic majority habitation.

neg: Placitas, Doña Ana County, New Mexico Placitas is a census-designated place in Doña Ana County, New Mexico, United States. Its population was 576 as of the 2010 census. The community is along the western border of Hatch, New Mexico.

neg: Navajo, New Mexico Navajo (Navajo: ) is a census-designated place (CDP) in McKinley County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 2,097 at the 2000 census. Navajo is the most Navajo town in the United States, with 95.04% of residents having full or partial Navajo ancestry.

neg: Jornada del Muerto The name Jornada del Muerto is translated loosely from Spanish, historically referring to it as the "Journey of the Dead Man", though the modern literal translation is closer to "The Working Day of the Dead". As a geographic name, "Jornada del Muerto" is the desert region the Conquistadors had to cross to make it from Las Cruces to Socorro, New Mexico. As a name-place, "Jornada del Muerto" is a loose translations of "single day's journey of the dead man" hence "route of the dead man") in the U.S. state of New Mexico was the name given by the Spanish conquistadors to the Jornada del Muerto Desert basin, and the particularly dry 100 mi stretch of a route through it.

neg: Santa Clara, New Mexico Santa Clara is a village in Grant County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 1,686 at the 2010 census, down from 1,944 at the 2000 census. Today it is a bedroom community for nearby Silver City.

neg: Grants, New Mexico Grants is a city in Cibola County, New Mexico, United States. It is located about 78 mi west of Albuquerque. The population was 9,182 at the 2010 Census. It is the county seat of Cibola County.

neg: Paso del Norte International Bridge The Paso del Norte International Bridge is an international bridge which crosses the Rio Grande (Río Bravo) connecting the United States-Mexico border cities of El Paso, Texas, and Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua. The bridge is also known as "Paso del Norte Bridge", "Santa Fe Street Bridge", "Puente Benito Juárez", "Puente Paso del Norte" and "Puente Juárez-Santa Fe". The Paso del Norte International Bridge is a four-lane bridge for northbound non-commercial traffic only. The bridge was constructed in 1967. The American side of the bridge is owned and operated by the City of El Paso.


query: Were Olivia Manning and John Wain both poets?

pos: Olivia Manning Olivia Mary Manning (2 March 1908 – 23 July 1980) was a British novelist, poet, writer and reviewer. Her fiction and non-fiction, frequently detailing journeys and personal odysseys, were principally set in England, Ireland, Europe and the Middle East. She often wrote from her personal experience, though her books also demonstrate strengths in imaginative writing. Her books are widely admired for her artistic eye and vivid descriptions of place.

pos: John Wain John Barrington Wain CBE (14 March 1925 – 24 May 1994) was an English poet, novelist, and critic, associated with the literary group "The Movement". For most of his life, Wain worked as a freelance journalist and author, writing and reviewing for newspapers and the radio.

neg: Malcolm Uren Malcolm John Leggoe Uren, (7 January 1900 – 22 July 1973) was an Australian journalist who edited the "Western Mail" in Western Australia.

neg: Mary Oliver Mary Oliver (born September 10, 1935) is an American poet. She has won the National Book Award and the Pulitzer Prize. "The New York Times" described her as "far and away, this country's best-selling poet."

neg: John Moat John Moat (11 September 1936 – 16 September 2014) was a British poet, and co-founder, with John Fairfax, of the Arvon Foundation in 1968.

neg: Young Shoulders Young Shoulders is a 1982 novel by John Wain. It portrays incompatibility in a marital relationship and how such a flawed marriage affects the children born out of it. It won the 1982 Whitbread Prize.

neg: John Byrom John Byrom or John Byrom of Kersal or John Byrom of Manchester FRS (29 February 1692 – 26 September 1763) was an English poet, the inventor of a revolutionary system of shorthand and later a significant landowner. He is most remembered as the writer of the lyrics of Anglican hymn "Christians awake! Salute the happy morn", which was supposedly a Christmas gift for his daughter.

neg: William John Blew William John Blew (13 April 1808 – 27 December 1894) was a translator and hymnist.

neg: John Errington Moss John Errington Moss (born February 7, 1940 in Galt, Ontario, Canada) is a Canadian author. Notable for the Quin and Morgan novels that he began after teaching for many years at the University of Ottawa, he has lectured on Canadian literature in Europe, the United States, Japan, Greenland, and the Canary Islands. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada.

neg: Margaret Fane Margaret Fane (born Beatrice Florence Osborn, January 10, 1887 – 1962) was an Australian novelist and poet. Her short stories were published in the "Sydney Mail" and the "Sydney Morning Herald," and she co-wrote "The Happy Vagabond" with Hilary Lofting (1928).

neg: Jane Ransom Jane Reavill Ransom is a prize-winning American novelist and poet.

neg: Olivia Spencer Bower award The Olivia Spencer Bower award is a residency opportunity for artists. It is named after the 20th-century New Zealand painter Olivia Spencer Bower.

neg: John Fuller (poet) John Fuller FRSL (born 1 January 1937) is an English poet and author, and Fellow Emeritus at Magdalen College, Oxford.

neg: J. Redwood Anderson John Redwood Anderson (1883–1964) was an English poet.

neg: Phil Wainman Philip Neil "Phil" Wainman (born 7 June 1946, west London, England) is an English record producer and songwriter, primarily active in the 1970s. He is noted for his work with Sweet, XTC, Dollar, Mud, and the Bay City Rollers. His greatest chart success, however, was the production of "I Don't Like Mondays" by The Boomtown Rats, written by Bob Geldof and arranged by Fiachra Trench.

neg: Jenny Bornholdt Jennifer Mary Bornholdt (born 1 November 1960) is a New Zealand poet and anthologist.

neg: Mick Manning Mick Manning (born 1959) is a British artist and creator of children's books.

neg: Margaret Coen Margaret Coen (1909-1993) was an Australian artist, known for her watercolours, paintings of flowers, landscapes and still life works. Her paintings and personal papers are held in national collections.

neg: Madison Cawein Madison Julius Cawein (March 23, 1865 – December 8, 1914) was a poet from Louisville, Kentucky.

neg: John Manning (journalist) John Manning (–1868) was a New Zealand journalist, Irish nationalist, newspaper proprietor and newspaper editor. He was born in Ireland.

neg: Dorothy Shakespear Dorothy Shakespear (14 September 1886 – 8 December 1973) was an English artist. She was the daughter of novelist Olivia Shakespear and the wife of American poet Ezra Pound. One of a small number of women vorticist painters, she had art work published in the short-lived but influential literary magazine "BLAST".

neg: Mary Manning (writer) Mary Manning Howe Adams (30 June 1905 – 27 June 1999) was an Irish novelist, playwright and film critic.


query: Are Shaoguan and Hotan both considered "oasis" towns?

pos: Shaoguan Shaoguan () is a prefecture-level city in northern Guangdong Province, China, bordering Hunan to the northwest and Jiangxi to the northeast. It is home to the mummified remains of the sixth Zen Buddhist patriarch Huineng.

pos: Hotan Hotan (), also transliterated from Chinese as Hetian (), is a major oasis town in southwestern Xinjiang, an autonomous region in western China. The city proper of Hotan broke off from the larger Hotan County to become an administrative area in its own right in August 1984. It is the seat of Hotan Prefecture.

neg: Shantou, China Shantou, China usually refers to Shantou (汕头), a Prefecture-level city in Guangdong Province.

neg: Fenghuang Village Fenghuang Village (), also known as Ling Xia () or Fenghuang Ancient Village (), is a historic urban village in Fuyong, Bao'an, Shenzhen, China.

neg: Shatu, Shandong Shatu () is a town in Mudan District, Heze, Shandong, People's Republic of China, situated on China National Highway 327 more than 20 km east of downtown Heze. , it has 40 villages under its administration.

neg: Jieshi, Shandong Jieshi () is a town of 32,300 in eastern Shandong province, People's Republic of China. It is located 19 km west-northwest of the county-level city of Wendeng, which administers it. Bordering towns are Wangtuan (汪疃镇) and Qingshan (苘山镇) to the east as well as Gejia (葛家镇) to the south. It also borders Weihai City's Huancui District to the north and Yantai City's Muping District to the west. The town oversees 65 administrative villages (行政村) and 88 natural villages (自然村).

neg: Jiangwan, Guangdong Jiangwan, Shaoguan () is a township-level division situated in Shaoguan, Guangdong, China.

neg: Lushan City Lushan City (), formerly Xingzi County (), is a county-level city under Jiujiang City in Jiangxi Province, China.

neg: Dandan Oilik Dandan Oilik (), also Dandān-Uiliq, "lit." "the houses with ivory", is an abandoned historic oasis town and Buddhist site in the Taklamakan Desert of China, located to the northeast of Khotan in what is now the autonomous region of Xinjiang, between the Khotan and Keriya rivers. The central site covers an area of 4.5 km; the greater oasis extends over an area of 22 km. The site flourished from the sixth century as a site along the southern branch of the Silk Road

neg: Heyuan Héyuán () is a prefecture-level city of Guangdong province in the People's Republic of China. At the 2010 census, its population was 2,950,195 whom 903,871 lived in the built-up ("or metro") area made of Yuancheng urban District and Dongyuan County largely being urbanized. Zijin County itself is quickly being conurbated in the agglomeration. The majority of the people are Hakka.

neg: Hotan River The Hotan River (formerly known as the Khotan River or the Ho-t'ien River) is formed by the union of the White Jade (Yurungkash) and Black Jade (Karakash) Rivers, which flow north from the Kunlun Mountains into the Taklamakan Desert in northern China. The two rivers unite towards the middle of the desert, some 145 km north of the town of Hotan. The river then flows 290 km northwards across the desert and empties itself into the Tarim River. Because the river is fed by melting snow from the mountains, it only carries water during the summer and is dry the rest of the year. Prior to construction of the Tarim Desert Highway in 1995, the Hotan river bed provided the only transportation system across the Tarim Basin.

neg: Al-Ahsa Governorate Al Ahsa (Arabic: الأحساء  " al-Aḥsāʾ", locally pronounced "al-Ḥasāʾ") is the largest governorate in Saudi Arabia's Eastern Province, named after the Al-Ahsa oasis. The name Al-Ahsa is also given to the biggest city in the governorate, Hofuf. In Classical Arabic, Ahsa means the sound of water underground. It has one of the largest oases in the world with Date Palms known to be the best in the world, the oasis is located about 60 km inland from the Persian Gulf. All urban areas are located in the traditional oasis of Al-Hasa. In addition to the oasis, the county also includes the giant Empty Quarter desert, making it the largest governorate in Saudi Arabia in terms of area. The Empty Quarter has the world's largest oil fields and connects Saudi Arabia to Qatar, the UAE, and Oman. The Governorate's population is over 908,366 (2005 estimate ).In the past, Al-Ahsa belonged to the historical region known as Bahrain, along with Qatif and the present-day Bahrain islands.

neg: Hua Prefecture (Shaanxi) Huazhou or Hua Prefecture was a "zhou" (prefecture) in imperial China seated in modern Hua County, Shaanxi, China. It existed (intermittently) from 554 to 1913. Through history it was also known by other names, including Tai Prefecture (685–705, 760–762), Huayin Commandery (742–758) and Dexing Prefecture (897–900).

neg: Haojiang District Haojiang District () is a district of Shantou, Guangdong province, People's Republic of China. It was established in March 2003, consisting the former Dahao (达濠) and Hepu (河浦) districts. It covers 134.88 km2 . Dahao Island, which covers about 80 km2 , is part of Shantou special economic zone, to the west of Chaoyang District. Overlooking across the Queshi sea (礐石海), there are Longhu District (龙湖) and Jinping District (金平). Located on the coast of the South China Sea, Haojiang District has about 20 harbours. It has a population of 270,000.

neg: Wushenggong Wushenggong Town () is an urban town in Nan County, Yiyang, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.

neg: Beijiao, Guangdong Beijiao (北滘镇) is a town, part of Shunde district, in Foshan prefecture-level city, Guangdong Province, southern China.

neg: Shaannan Shaannan () is a region referring to the southern portion of Shaanxi province, China. Its name derives from the abbreviation of the province Shaan (陕), combined with its geographical location within the province (南).

neg: Xinjiao Xinjiao Town () is a town in the Haizhu District of Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China. The town is known for its orchards, which produce fruits such as star-fruit, pomegranate, banana, papaya, orange, and litchi. Like many neighboring communities, it is also noted for its canals, which are incorporated into the design of parts of the city, abutting houses and bridges, which date back as far as the Ming Dynasty (12791644). Several Qing Dynasty (16441911) temples are also located in the area. These features make the town a popular attraction for tourists.

neg: Hanjiayuan Hanjiayuan () is a town of Huma County, Da Hinggan Ling Prefecture, in the far north of Heilongjiang province, China. , it has 5 villages under its administration.

neg: Qian'an, Hebei Qian'an () is a city in the northeastern part of Hebei province in North China. It is under the administration of Tangshan City.

neg: Wanding Town Wanding Town, also known as "Wandingzhen" and "Wanting" (畹町镇; meaning in Tai Nüa language: "the sun shining overhead"), is a frontier town in Ruili City, Dehong Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China.

neg: Huanghua, Changsha Huanghua Town () is a town in Changsha County, Changsha, Hunan province, China. It contains three communities and 20 villages.


query: What is the German word for the subject depicted in the 2005 film Joyeux Noël?

pos: Joyeux Noël Joyeux Noël ('Merry Christmas') is a 2005 film about the World War I Christmas truce of December 1914, depicted through the eyes of French, [British, mostly Scottish]] and German soldiers. It was written and directed by Christian Carion. It was screened out of competition at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival.

pos: Christmas truce The Christmas truce (German: "Weihnachtsfrieden" ; French: "Trêve de Noël" ) refers to a series of widespread but unofficial ceasefires along the Western Front of World War I around Christmas 1914.

neg: Untermensch Untermensch (] , "underman", "sub-man", "subhuman"; plural: "Untermenschen") is a term that became infamous when the Nazis used it to describe non-Aryan "inferior people" often referred to as "the masses from the East", that is Jews, Roma, and Slavs - mainly ethnic Poles, Serbs, and later also Russians. The term was also applied to most Blacks, and persons of color, with some particular exceptions. Jewish people were to be exterminated in the Holocaust, along with Romani people, and the physically and mentally disabled According to the "Generalplan Ost", the Slavic population of East-Central Europe was to be reduced in part through mass murder in the Holocaust, with a majority expelled to Asia and used as slave labor in the Reich. These concepts were an important part of the Nazi racial policy.

neg: Your Name Is Justine Your Name is Justine (Polish: "Masz na imię Justine" ) is a 2005 Luxembourgish film directed by Franco de Peña. De Peña had originally wanted to produce the film in Germany, but when he was unable to garner enough funds, he came to Luxembourg. The film was co-produced by Luxembourg Hemisphere Films and Polish Opus Film, and shot primarily in Luxembourg with the aid of numerous local technicians. As a result of the multifaceted production, the dialogue of the movie is in English, German and Polish. The plot of the story revolves around a girl called Mariola (Anna Cieslak), who is forced into prostitution in Berlin, and attempts to hold on to her sense of self despite being exploited by those around her.

neg: Monschau Monschau (French: "Montjoie" , Walloon: "Mondjoye" ) is a small resort town in the Eifel region of western Germany, located in the district Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia.

neg: Schadenfreude Schadenfreude ( ; ] ;  'harm-joy') is the experience of pleasure, joy, or self-satisfaction that comes from learning of or witnessing the troubles, failures, or humiliation of another.

neg: Alsace Alsace ( , ] ; Alsatian: "’s Elsass" ] ; German: "Elsass" ] ; Latin: "Alsatia" ) is a cultural and historical region in eastern France now located in the administrative region of Grand Est. Alsace is located on France's eastern border and on the west bank of the upper Rhine adjacent to Germany and Switzerland.

neg: Red Love "Red Love" (German: Rote Liebe) is a 1982 German documentary film directed by Rosa von Praunheim. The film, divided in two interspersing completely different segments, deals with two women deprived of independence for many years because of either their family obligations or an authoritarian spouse. One segment is a documentary interview; the other is a fictional tale.

neg: Hölzle Hölzle (German pronunciation: [ˈhœltslɛ]) is a Germans surname that may refer to

neg: Historiography of Germany The historiography of Germany deals with the manner in which historians have depicted, analyzed and debated the History of Germany. It also covers the popular memory of critical historical events, ideas and leaders, as well as the depiction of those events in museums, monuments, reenactments, pageants and historic sites, and the editing of historical documents.

neg: New Objectivity (filmmaking) New Objectivity (a translation of the German "Neue Sachlichkeit", alternatively translated as "New Sobriety" or "New matter-of-factness") was an art movement that emerged in Germany in the early 1920s as a counter to expressionism. The term applies to a number of artistic forms, including film.

neg: German Forest The German Forest (German: "Deutscher Wald" ) was a phrase used both as a metaphor as well as to describe in exaggerated terms an idyllic landscape in German poems, fairy tales and legends of the early 19th century Romantic period. Historical and cultural discourses declared it as the symbol of Germanic-German art and culture, or as in the case of Heinrich Heine or Madame de Staël, as a counter-image of French urbanity. It was also used with reference to historical or legendary events in German forests, such as Tacitus' description of the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest or even the nature mysticism of the stylized Germanic national myth, the "Nibelungenlied" as the history of its multi-faceted reception shows.

neg: Pierre Seel Pierre Seel (16 August 1923 in Haguenau, Bas-Rhin – 25 November 2005 in Toulouse, Haute-Garonne) was a gay Holocaust survivor and the only French person to have testified openly about his experience of deportation during World War II due to his homosexuality.

neg: Anna Seghers Anna Seghers (19 November 1900 – 1 June 1983) was a German writer famous for depicting the moral experience of the Second World War. The pseudonym Anna Seghers was apparently based on the surname of the Dutch painter and printmaker Hercules Pieterszoon Seghers or Segers (c. 1589 – c. 1638).

neg: Organised persecution of ethnic Germans The Organised persecution of ethnic Germans refers to systematic activity against groups of ethnic Germans based on their ethnicity.

neg: The White Ribbon The White Ribbon is a 2009 black-and-white German-language drama film written and directed by Michael Haneke. Das weiße Band, Eine deutsche Kindergeschichte (literally, "The White Ribbon, a German Children's Story") darkly depicts society and family in a northern German village just before World War I and, according to Haneke, "is about the roots of evil. Whether it’s religious or political terrorism, it’s the same thing."

neg: Greater Region The Greater Region (French: "Grande Région" , German: "Großregion" , Luxembourgish: "Groussregioun" ) is the area of Saarland, Lorraine, Luxembourg, Rhineland-Palatinate, Wallonia and the rest of the French Community of Belgium, and the German-speaking Community of Belgium. It is "not" identical with the SaarLorLux Euroregion, despite being in the same territory.

neg: Heimat (disambiguation) Heimat is a German word with no English equivalent that denotes the relationship of a human being towards a certain spatial social unit.

neg: Anti-German sentiment Anti-German sentiment (or Germanophobia) is defined as an opposition to or fear of Germany, its inhabitants, its culture and the German language. Its opposite is Germanophilia.

neg: Low German Low German or Low Saxon (Low German Plattdütsch, Plattdüütsch, Plattdütsk, Nedderdüütsch; Platduuts, Nedderduuts ; German: "Plattdeutsch, Niederdeutsch" ; Dutch: "Nedersaksisch" or "Nederduits" ) is a West Germanic language spoken mainly in northern Germany and the eastern part of the Netherlands. It is also spoken to a lesser extent in the German diaspora worldwide (called the Plautdietsch), by ethnic Frisians wherever Friso-Saxon dialects are spoken, and in Southern Denmark.

neg: Habseligkeiten This German word is usually used in its plural form Habseligkeiten. It refers to the paltry belongings of an almost penniless person. "Habseligkeiten" was chosen as the most beautiful German word in October 2004 in a competition initiated by the Goethe Institute and the Council for the German Language. The nomination points out that the word combines two completely opposite areas of life: worldly belongings ("hab" from "haben", "to have") and the eternal search for happiness ("Seligkeit", a state of bliss or of being blessed). It argues that this tension causes the observer to feel sympathy towards the owner of such belongings.

neg: One Day in Europe One Day in Europe is a 2005 film directed by Hannes Stöhr. The film was nominated for Golden Bear award at the 2005 Berlin Film Festival.


query: Which courtier did Empress Elisabeth of Austria suspect of being a spy, in part because she was a confident to the identical twin sister of Princess Maria Anna of Bavaria?

pos: Sophie Esterházy Sophie Esterházy-Liechtenstein (1798-1869), was an Austrian courtier. She served as Oberhofmeisterin (mistress of the Robes) to Empress Elisabeth of Austria in 1854-1862. She was disliked by the Empress, as she was a confidante of the Empress' mother-in-law, Princess Sophie of Bavaria, and suspected to be her spy. She was also described as very strict, and her attitude toward Elisabeth was compared to a governess. She was replaced by Pauline von Königsegg. She has been portrayed in numerous books about Elisabeth.

pos: Princess Sophie of Bavaria Princess Sophie of Bavaria (Sophie Friederike Dorothea Wilhelmine; 27 January 1805 – 28 May 1872) was born to King Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria and his second wife Caroline of Baden. She was the identical twin sister of Princess Maria Anna of Bavaria, Queen of Saxony as wife of Frederick Augustus II of Saxony. Her eldest son Franz Joseph reigned as Emperor of Austria, and King of Hungary; her second son Maximilian reigned as Emperor of Mexico.

neg: Princess Isabella of Bavaria Princess Isabella of Bavaria (Marie Elisabeth Luise Amalie Elvire Blanche Eleonore; 31 August 1863 – 26 February 1924) was the third child and eldest daughter of Prince Adalbert of Bavaria and his wife Infanta Amelia Philippina of Spain. By her marriage to Prince Thomas, Duke of Genoa, she became referred to as the Duchess of Genoa.

neg: Archduchess Agnes Christina of Austria Archduchess Agnes Christina of Austria (German: "Agnes Christina, Erzherzogin von Österreich, Prinzessin von Toskana" ; 14 December 1928 – 31 August 2007) was a member of the Tuscan line of the House of Habsburg and an Archduchess of Austria and a Princess of Tuscany by birth. She was the great-granddaughter of Emperor Franz Joseph of Austria-Hungary.

neg: Princess Maria Amalia of Saxony Maria Amalia of Saxony (26 September 1757 – 20 April 1831) was a daughter of Frederick Christian, Elector of Saxony and his wife Maria Antonia Walpurgis of Bavaria. She became the Duchess of Zweibrücken by her 1774 marriage to Charles II August, Duke of Zweibrücken.

neg: Wilhelmine Amalia of Brunswick-Lüneburg Wilhelmine Amalia of Brunswick-Lüneburg (21 April 1673 – 10 April 1742) was Holy Roman Empress, Queen of the Germans, Queen of Hungary, Queen of Bohemia, Archduchess consort of Austria etc. as the spouse of Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor.

neg: Duchess Elisabeth of Württemberg Elisabeth of Württemberg (Elisabeth Wilhelmine Luise; 21 April 1767 – 18 February 1790) was by birth a Duchess of Württemberg and by marriage an Archduchess of Austria.

neg: Infanta Maria Anna of Portugal (1843–1884) Infanta Maria Ana of Portugal (or of Braganza; ] ; full name: "Maria Ana Fernanda Leopoldina Micaela Rafaela Gabriela Carlota Antónia Júlia Vitória Praxedes Francisca de Assis Gonzaga"; English: Mary Anne ; German: "Maria Anna" ) (Lisbon, 21 August 1843 – Dresden, 5 February 1884) was a Portuguese "infanta" (princess), the eldest surviving daughter of Queen Maria II of Portugal and her King consort Ferdinand II of Portugal, a member of the House of Braganza.

neg: Archduchess Ilona of Austria Archduchess Ilona of Austria (German: "Erzherzogin Ilona von Österreich" ; 20 April 1927 – 12 January 2011) was a member of the Hungarian Palatine branch of the House of Habsburg. She was married and later divorced from the late head of the House of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Georg Alexander, Duke of Mecklenburg.

neg: Archduke Géza of Austria Archduke Géza of Austria (given names: "Géza Ladislaus Euseb Gerhard Rafael Albert Maria"; born 14 November 1940, in Budapest), in Austria and Hungary only known by law as Géza Habsburg-Lothringen, is the son of Archduke Joseph Francis of Austria (1895–1957) and his wife Princess Anna of Saxony (1903–1976) thus he is a grandson of King Frederick Augustus III of Saxony and great-great grandson (on his father's mother's side) of Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria and his wife Elisabeth of Bavaria (Sissi). Géza is a Fabergé expert and has published many books and articles on the jewellers Peter Carl Fabergé and Victor Mayer. He is the curator of several major international Fabergé exhibitions.

neg: Elisabeth of Bavaria, Queen of Belgium Elisabeth of Bavaria (born "Duchess Elisabeth Gabriele Valérie Marie in Bavaria") (25 July 187623 November 1965) was Queen consort of the Belgians as the spouse of King Albert I, and a Duchess in Bavaria by birth. She was the mother of King Leopold III of Belgium and of Queen Marie-José of Italy, and grandmother of kings Baudouin and Albert II of Belgium.

neg: Archduchess Clementina of Austria Clementina of Austria (German: "Maria Clementina Franziska Josepha" 1 March 1798 – 3 September 1881) was an Archduchess of Austria and "Princess of Salerno" upon her marriage to Prince Leopold of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, Prince of Salerno.

neg: Archduchess Maria Elisabeth of Austria (governor) Archduchess Maria Elisabeth of Austria (Linz 13 February 1680 – Mariemont, Morlanwelz 26 August 1741), was the governor of the Austrian Netherlands between 1725 and 1741.

neg: Anna Catharina von Bärfelt "Anna Catharina" Charlotta Wilhelmina von Bärfelt (1673 – Linköping, 2 April 1738), was a Swedish courtier and an influential royal favourite of Queen Hedwig Eleonora. She was immensely unpopular and rumoured to abuse her influence and position to receive bribes for influencing the queen and stealing from the royal possessions. She was convicted of theft and expelled from court.

neg: Princess Cecilia of Sweden Cecilia of Sweden, (Swedish: "Cecilia Gustavsdotter Vasa") (16 November 1540 in Stockholm – 27 January 1627 in Brussels), was Princess of Sweden as the daughter of King Gustav I and his second queen, Margaret Leijonhufvud, and Margravine of Baden-Rodemachern through marriage with Christopher II, Margrave of Baden-Rodemachern. She is the most famous of the daughters of Gustav Vasa, known for a courtship scandal in connection with a sister's wedding and for a lengthy stay in England under Elizabeth I where her first child was born.

neg: Archduchess Maria Amalia of Austria Maria Amalia of Austria (26 February 1746 – 18 June 1804) was the Duchess of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla by marriage. Maria Amalia was a daughter of Empress Maria Theresa and Emperor Francis I. She was thus younger sister to Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor and older sister to Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor, Maria Carolina, Queen of Naples and Marie Antoinette, Queen of France.

neg: Elisabeth of Bavaria, Electress of Brandenburg Elisabeth of Bavaria-Landshut (1383 – 13 November 1442), nicknamed "Beautiful Beth", was an Electress of Brandenburg.

neg: Princess Maria Antonia of Parma Maria Antonia of Parma (Maria Antonia Giuseppa Walburga Anna Luisa Vicenza Margherita Caterina; 28 November 1774 – 20 February 1841) was a Princess of Parma, daughter of Duke Ferdinand I of Parma and his wife, Archduchess Maria Amalia of Austria. Contrary to what has been frequently stated, she was not named after her aunt, Queen Marie Antoinette of France, who was not her godmother. Maria Antonia's godparents were her uncle, Emperor Joseph II, and her father's aunt, Maria Antonia of Spain, Queen of Sardinia, after whom the princess was named.

neg: Maria Chiara Spinucci Maria Chiara Spinucci (1741–1792), was an Italian aristocrat, courtier of Duchess Maria Antonia of Bavaria and the morganatic spouse of

neg: Anne of Bavaria Anne of Bavaria (or of the Palatinate; Czech: "Anna Falcká" ; 26 September 1329 – 2 February 1353) was a queen consort of Bohemia. She was the daughter of Rudolf II, Duke of Bavaria and Count Palatine of the Rhine, and Anna, daughter of Otto III of Carinthia.

neg: Catherine of Austria, Duchess of Calabria Catherine of Austria (1295 – 18 January 1323, Naples) was a daughter of Albert I of Germany and his wife Elisabeth of Tirol. She was a member of the powerful House of Habsburg. She was Duchess of Calabria by her marriage.

neg: Archduchess Margaret of Austria (nun) Margaret of Austria (German: "Margarethe von Österreich-Habsburg" ) (1536–67) was an Archduchess of Austria.


query: In what year became publicly known that the 67th Unitades States Secretary of States had used her family's private email server for official communications?

pos: Hillary Clinton email controversy In March 2015, it became publicly known that Hillary Clinton, during her tenure as United States Secretary of State, had used her family's private email server for official communications, rather than official State Department email accounts maintained on federal secure servers. Those official communications included over 100 emails which contained classified information at the time they were sent, as well as nearly 2,100 emails which were not marked classified but would retroactively be ranked as classified by the State Department.

pos: Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State Hillary Clinton served as the 67th United States Secretary of State, under President Barack Obama, from 2009 to 2013, overseeing the department that conducted the Foreign policy of Barack Obama.

neg: Dean Rusk David Dean Rusk (February 9, 1909December 20, 1994) was the United States Secretary of State from 1961 to 1969 under presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson. Rusk is one of the longest serving U.S. Secretaries of State, behind only Cordell Hull.

neg: Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis Jacqueline Lee "Jackie" Kennedy Onassis (née Bouvier; ; July 28, 1929 – May 19, 1994) was the wife of the 35th President of the United States, John F. Kennedy, and First Lady of the United States from 1961 until his assassination in 1963.

neg: Taylor Marsh Taylor Marsh (born 1954), the pseudonym for Michelle Marshall, is an author, political analyst, writer and strategist, as well as founder and publisher of the new media blog TaylorMarsh.com. Marsh lives in the Washington, D.C. area with her husband. Marsh is best known for being a "die hard Clintonite," as the "Washington Post" described her in a 2008 profile, "For Clinton, A Following Of 'Marshans'." However, Marsh started out skeptical of Hillary Clinton, as the National Journal's Hotline OnCall revealed early in 2007. "TaylorMarsh.com" became a central hub for Hillary supporters during the 2008 primary election cycle. It's part of the reason why "The New Republic" profile of her in 2008, "The Hugh Hefner of Politics," chronicled Marsh's professional career. She's a contributor to "The Huffington Post", as well as other new media sites, reporting from the 2008 Democratic Convention for Pajamas Media, covering SEIU events, and the AFSCME Democratic debate during 2007, and has written for many other new media sites.

neg: Kathleen Cavendish, Marchioness of Hartington Kathleen Agnes Cavendish, Marchioness of Hartington ("née" Kennedy; February 20, 1920 – May 13, 1948), also known as "Kick" Kennedy, was an American socialite. She was the daughter of Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr. and Rose Kennedy, sister of future U.S. President John F. Kennedy, and wife of the Marquess of Hartington, heir apparent to the 10th Duke of Devonshire.

neg: Rita Lavelle Rita Marie Lavelle (born 1946) is a United States and California State Republican political figure. In 1984, Lavelle was convicted on federal charges of perjury related to an investigation into misuse of the United States Environmental Protection Agency's "Superfund" money during her tenure with the agency, and irregularities at the Stringfellow Acid Pits, a major hazardous waste site. The Lavelle incident was labeled "Garbagegate" by the newspapers at the time. In 2004, Lavelle was convicted on federal charges of one count of wire fraud and two counts of making false statements to the F.B.I. Lavelle committed these crimes in her personal business of environmental consultation.

neg: Office of Personnel Management data breach In June 2015, the United States Office of Personnel Management (OPM) announced that it had been the target of a data breach targeting the records of as many as four million people. Later, FBI Director James Comey put the number at 18 million. The data breach, which had started in March 2014 or earlier, was noticed by the OPM in April 2015. It has been described by federal officials as among the largest breaches of government data in the history of the United States. Information targeted in the breach included personally identifiable information such as Social Security numbers, as well as names, dates and places of birth, and addresses. The hack went deeper than initially believed and likely involved theft of detailed security-clearance-related background information.

neg: Tony Rodham Anthony Dean "Tony" Rodham (born 1954) is an American consultant and businessman who is the youngest brother of former First Lady of Arkansas, First Lady, Senator from New York and Secretary of State, Hillary Rodham Clinton, and the brother-in-law of former U.S. President Bill Clinton. His business dealings have sometimes appeared to take advantage of his connections to the Clintons and accordingly have sometimes attracted public scrutiny.

neg: Helen Gandy Helen W. Gandy (April 8, 1897 – July 7, 1988) was an American civil servant. For 54 years, she was the secretary to Federal Bureau of Investigation director J. Edgar Hoover, who called her "indispensable". She exercised great behind-the-scenes influence on Hoover and the workings of the Bureau. Following Hoover's death in 1972, she spent weeks destroying his "Personal File", thought to be where the most incriminating material he used to manipulate and control the most powerful figures in Washington was kept.

neg: Lillian Gordy Carter Bessie Lillian Gordy Carter (August 15, 1898 – October 30, 1983) was the mother of former President of the United States, Jimmy Carter. She was also known for her contribution to nursing in her home state of Georgia and as a Peace Corps volunteer in India as well as writing two books during the Carter presidency.

neg: Francis L. Kellogg Francis L. Kellogg (January 5, 1917 – April 6, 2006) was a diplomat, a special assistant to the Secretary of State during the Nixon and Ford Administrations and a prominent socialite in New York City.

neg: Plame affair timeline Between 2003 and 2007, Patrick Fitzgerald led a criminal investigation into allegations that the Bush administration had leaked Plame's identity as retribution against her husband, Joseph C. Wilson, who had publicly questioned the rationale for the Iraq War. In August 2006, former U.S. Deputy Secretary of State Richard Armitage revealed that he had been Novak's primary source for the leak.

neg: Peter W. Smith Peter W. Smith (February 23, 1936 – May 14, 2017) was an American investment banker from Chicago. He had a 40-year career managing corporate acquisitions and venture investments. He was active in Republican politics. In 1998 he was identified as a major financial supporter of the 1993 Troopergate story, in which several Arkansas state troopers accused U.S. President Bill Clinton of having carried out sexual dalliances while he was Governor of Arkansas. In 2017 he confirmed to the "Wall Street Journal" that he had tried in 2016 to contact computer hackers, including Russian hackers, in an attempt to obtain opposition research material to use against Hillary Clinton in the 2016 presidential election. Ten days after speaking to the paper, he committed suicide in a hotel room, citing ill health.

neg: Jared Cohen Jared Cohen (born November 24, 1981) is the President of Jigsaw (previously Google Ideas) and an Adjunct Senior Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations. Previously, he served as a member of the Secretary of State's Policy Planning Staff and as an advisor to Condoleezza Rice and later Hillary Clinton. Initially brought in by Condoleezza Rice as a member of the Policy Planning Staff, he was one of a few staffers that stayed under Hillary Clinton later referenced in an article entitled "Tweeting While Tehran Burns". In this capacity, he focused on counter-terrorism, counter-radicalization, Middle East/South Asia, Internet freedom, and fostering opposition in repressive countries. According to "The New York Times Magazine", right before his departure Cohen was one of the participating architects of what was labeled in 2010 as "21st century statecraft" along with Richard Boly and several foreign service officers in the Department of State's Office of eDiplomacy In 2013, Cohen was named by Time Magazine as one of its 100 most influential people.

neg: Nancy Tuckerman Nancy Ludlow Tuckerman (born December 24, 1928) was the White House Social Secretary during the Kennedy administration. After the Kennedy assassination, she remained the personal secretary to Jackie Kennedy until the latter's death in 1994.

neg: Electronic Communications Privacy Act The Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986 (ECPA) was enacted by the United States Congress to extend government restrictions on wire taps from telephone calls to include transmissions of electronic data by computer ( "et seq."), added new provisions prohibiting access to stored electronic communications, i.e., the Stored Communications Act (SCA, "et seq."), and added so-called pen trap provisions that permit the tracing of telephone communications ( "et seq.").

neg: Jeh Johnson Jeh Charles Johnson ( , as in "Jay"; born September 11, 1957) is an American civil and criminal trial lawyer, who was the fourth United States Secretary of Homeland Security 2013 to 2017. He was the General Counsel of the Department of Defense from 2009 to 2012 during the first Obama Administration. Johnson is a graduate of Morehouse College (B.A.) and Columbia Law School (J.D.), and is the grandson of sociologist and Fisk University president Dr. Charles S. Johnson.

neg: Hannah August Hannah August is the former Press Secretary for the First Lady of the United States, Michelle Obama. Prior to that, she was previously a White House regional communications director and a spokeswoman at United States Department of Justice.

neg: Executive Order 12999 Executive Order 12999 is a United States Presidential Executive Order signed on April 17, 1996, by President Bill Clinton which

neg: John Kerry John Forbes Kerry ( ; born December 11, 1943) is an American politician who served as the 68th United States Secretary of State from 2013 to 2017. A Democrat, he previously served Massachusetts in the United States Senate from 1985 to 2013. He was the Democratic nominee in the 2004 presidential election, losing to Republican incumbent George W. Bush.

neg: Barbara Olson Barbara Kay Olson (née Bracher; December 27, 1955 September 11, 2001) was an American lawyer and conservative television commentator who worked for CNN, Fox News Channel, and several other outlets. She was a passenger on American Airlines Flight 77 en route to a taping of Bill Maher's television show "Politically Incorrect" when it was flown into the Pentagon in the September 11 attacks. Her original plan had been to fly to California on September 10, but she delayed her departure until the next morning so that she could wake up with her husband on his birthday, September 11.


query: Which genus has more species, Acanthus or Clematis?

pos: Acanthus (plant) Acanthus is a genus of about 30 species of flowering plants in the family Acanthaceae, native to tropical and warm temperate regions, with the highest species diversity in the Mediterranean Basin and Asia. Common names include Acanthus and Bear's breeches. The generic name derives from the Greek term for the Acanthus mollis, ἄκανθος , "akanthos", a plant that was commonly imitated in Corinthian capitals.

pos: Clematis is a genus of about 300 species within the buttercup family Ranunculaceae. Their garden hybrids have been popular among gardeners, beginning with "Clematis" × "jackmanii", a garden standby since 1862; more hybrid cultivars are being produced constantly. They are mainly of Chinese and Japanese origin. Most species are known as clematis in English, while some are also known as traveller's joy, a name invented for the sole British native, "C. vitalba", by the herbalist John Gerard; virgin's bower for "C. viticella"; old man's beard, applied to several with prominent seedheads; leather flower for those with fleshy petals; or vase vine for the North American "Clematis viorna".

neg: Clemelis Clemelis is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.

neg: Acanthocardia Acanthocardia is a genus of saltwater clams, marine bivalve molluscs in the family Cardiidae. Like most other bivalves, these mollusks are suspension feeders. This genus is present from the Upper Oligocene to the Recent.

neg: Acanthus Acanthus (plural: "acanthus", rarely "acanthuses" in English, or "acanthi" in Latin), in its feminine form acantha (plura: "acanthae"), is the Latinised form of the ancient Greek word acanthos or akanthos, referring to the "Acanthus" plant. It can also be used as the prefix acantho-, meaning "thorny". It may refer to:

neg: Acrostichum Acrostichum is a fern genus in the Ceratopteridoideae subfamily of the Pteridaceae. It was one of the original pteridophyte genera delineated by Linnaeus. It was originally drawn very broadly, including all ferns that had sori apparently "acrostichoid", or distributed in a uniform mass across the back of the frond, rather than organized in discrete sori. This led Linnaeus to include such species as "Asplenium platyneuron" in the genus, because the specimen he received had sori so crowded that it appeared acrostichoid.

neg: Aeollanthus Aeollanthus is a genus in the mint family, Lamiaceae. All the species are native to Africa.

neg: Tarchonanthus Tarchonanthus is a genus of flowering plants in the mutisia tribe daisy family.

neg: Trichocalyx Trichocalyx is a genus of plant in family Acanthaceae. It contains the following species (but this list may be incomplete):

neg: Alalomantis coxalis Alalomantis coxalis is a species of praying mantis in the family Acromantinae.

neg: Cleistes Cleistes is a genus of orchids (family Orchidaceae). It contains approximately 40-50 species, most of them native to South America, with a few species extending north into Costa Rica and Trinidad.

neg: Clematis gouriana Clematis gouriana is a liana belonging to the buttercup family (Ranunculaceae). It was described by Roxb. ex DC. and published in "Regni Vegetabilis Systema Naturale" 1: 138-139, in 1818.

neg: Acanthosomatidae Acanthosomatidae is a family of Hemiptera, commonly named “shield bugs,” for which Kumar in his

neg: Acanthus balcanicus Acanthus balcanicus, is an endemic herbaceous perennial plant in the genus "Acanthus", native to the Balkan peninsula, up to Dalmatia. This plant is also cultivated in many European and American gardens.

neg: Linnaeoxanthus Linnaeoxanthus acanthomerus is a species of crabs in the family Xanthidae, the only species in the genus Linnaeoxanthus.

neg: Cleobulia Cleobulia is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae.

neg: Acostia Acostia is a genus of South American plants in the grass family.

neg: Homalanthus Homalanthus is a plant genus of the family Euphorbiaceae first described as a genus in 1824. It is the only genus in subtribe Carumbiinae. The genus is native to tropical Asia, Australia, and various islands in the Pacific.

neg: Acnistus Acnistus is a genus of plants in the Solanaceae, the nightshade family.

neg: Cryptanthus delicatus Cryptanthus delicatus is a species in the genus "Cryptanthus". This species is endemic to Brazil.

neg: Acromantinae Acromantinae is a subfamily of the mantis family Hymenopodidae which contains one tribe, Acromantini, and 19 genera.

neg: Clematoessa Clematoessa is a genus of moths of the Zygaenidae family.


query: Which country aided Finland in Operation Stella Polaris against the Soviet Union?

pos: Operation Stella Polaris Operation Stella Polaris was the cover name for activity in which Finnish signals intelligence records, equipment and personnel were transported into Sweden after the ending of the Continuation War in 1944 so that the signals intelligence activities could continue in Sweden and the equipment would not end up in the hands of the Soviet Union. The threat of Soviet occupation was considered too likely and an operation was formed to support guerrilla warfare in Finland after occupation. The operation had its base in the small fishing village of Nämpnäs in Närpes, Ostrobothnia, where the archives were shipped to the Swedish ports. The leaders of the operation was Colonel Aladár Paasonen, chief of the Finnish military intelligence, and Colonel Reino Hallamaa, head of the Finnish signals intelligence section.

pos: Continuation War The Continuation War (Finnish: "jatkosota" ; Swedish: "fortsättningskriget" ; 25 June 1941 – 19 September 1944) consisted of hostilities between Finland and the Soviet Union from 1941 to 1944. The Continuation War began 15 months after the end of the Winter War, which was also fought between Finland and the Soviet Union. In the Soviet Union, the war was considered part of the Great Patriotic War. Germany regarded its operations in the region as part of its overall war efforts on the Eastern Front, and it provided Finland with critical material support and military cooperation.

neg: Foreign relations of Finland The foreign relations of Finland are the responsibility of the President of Finland, who leads foreign policy in cooperation with the government. Implicitly the government is responsible for internal policy and decision making in the European Union. Within the government, preparative discussions are conducted in the government committee of foreign and security policy ("ulko- ja turvallisuuspoliittinen ministerivaliokunta"), which includes the Prime Minister and at least the Minister of Foreign Affairs and the Minister of Defence, and at most four other ministers as necessary. The committee meets with the President as necessary. Laws concerning foreign relations are discussed in the parliamentary committee of foreign relations ("ulkoasiainvaliokunta, utrikesutskottet"). The Ministry of Foreign Affairs implements the foreign policy.

neg: Jagdgeschwader 5 Jagdgeschwader 5 (JG 5) was a Luftwaffe fighter wing during World War II. It was created to operate in the far North of Europe, namely Norway, Scandinavia and northern parts of Finland, all nearest the Arctic Ocean, with Luftflotte 5, created specifically to be based in Occupied Norway, and responsible for much of northern Norway.

neg: Soviet re-occupation of Latvia in 1944 The Soviet re-occupation of Latvia in 1944 refers to the re-occupation of Latvia by the Soviet Union from 1944 to 1991. During World War II Latvia was first occupied by the Soviet Union in June 1940 and then was occupied by Nazi Germany in 1941–1944 after which it was re-occupied by the Soviet Union.

neg: Battle of Tornio The Battle of Tornio (October 1–8, 1944) was the first major engagement between Nazi Germany and Finland in the Lapland War; although hostilities had already begun elsewhere (see Tanne Ost).

neg: Operation Kilpapurjehdus Operation Kilpapurjehdus ("Regatta") was the covername for the militarization of the Åland islands. The operation took place on June 22, 1941, and in this way, Finland strived to prevent Soviet landings in the area.

neg: Guerrilla war in the Baltic states The Guerrilla war in the Baltic states or the Forest Brothers resistance movement was the armed struggle against Soviet rule that spanned from 1944 to the mid-1950s. After the occupation of the Baltic territories by the Soviets in 1944, an insurgency started. According to some estimates, 10,000 partisans in Estonia, 10,000 partisans in Latvia and 30,000 partisans in Lithuania and many more supporters were involved. This war continued as an organised struggle until 1956 when the superiority of the Soviet military caused the native population to adopt other forms of resistance. While estimates related to the extent of partisan movement vary, but there seems to be a consensus among researchers that by international standards, the Baltic guerrilla movements were extensive. Proportionally, the partisan movement in the post-war Baltic states was of a similar size as the Viet Cong movement in South Vietnam.

neg: Augustów roundup The Augustów roundup (Polish "Obława augustowska") was a military operation against the Polish World War II anti-communist partisans and sympathizers following the Soviet takeover of Poland. The operation was undertaken by Soviet forces with the assistance of Polish communist units, and conducted from July 10 to July 25, 1945 in Suwałki and Augustów region (Podlasie) of northern People's Republic of Poland.

neg: Battle of Helsinki The Battle of Helsinki was a 1918 Finnish Civil War battle, fought in 12–13 April between the German troops and Finnish Whites against the Finnish Reds in Helsinki, Finland. Together with the battles of Tampere and Vyborg, it was one of the three major urban battles of the Finnish Civil War. The Germans invaded Helsinki despite the opposition of Finnish White Army leader Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim who wanted to attack the capital city with his own troops after Tampere had fallen on 6 April. However, the Germans had their own interests of taking Helsinki as quick as possible and then moving further east towards the Russian border. The city had been under Red control for 11 weeks since the beginning of the war.

neg: Russo-Swedish War (1741–43) The Russo–Swedish War of 1741–1743, known as the Hats' Russian War in Sweden and the Hats' War in Finland, which resulted in the Lesser Wrath (Finnish: "Pikkuviha" , Swedish: "Lilla ofreden" ), or the occupation of Finland, was instigated by the Hats, a Swedish political party that aspired to regain the territories lost to Russia during the Great Northern War, and by French diplomacy, which sought to divert Russia's attention from supporting its long-standing ally, the Habsburg monarchy, in the War of the Austrian Succession.

neg: Arctic policy of Finland Arctic Policy of Finland is Finland's foreign relations with other Arctic countries, and Finland's government policies on issues occurring within the geographic boundaries of "the Arctic" or related to the Arctic or its peoples. Since Finland is itself an Arctic nation, the Arctic Policy of Finland includes its domestic policies as regards the Finnish Arctic region.

neg: Helsinki Accords The Helsinki Accords, Helsinki Final Act, or Helsinki Declaration was the final act of the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe held in Finlandia Hall of Helsinki, Finland, during July and August 1, 1975. Thirty-five states, including the USA, Canada, and all European states except Albania and Andorra, signed the declaration in an attempt to improve relations between the Communist bloc and the West. The Helsinki Accords, however, were not binding as they did not have treaty status.

neg: Estonian War of Independence The Estonian War of Independence (Estonian: "Vabadussõda" , literally "Freedom War"), also known as the Estonian Liberation War, was a defensive campaign of the Estonian Army and its allies, most notably the White Russian Northwestern Army, Latvia, and the United Kingdom, against the Soviet Western Front offensive and the aggression of the "Baltische Landeswehr". It was fought in connection with the Russian Civil War during 1918–1920. The campaign was the struggle of Estonia for its sovereignty in the aftermath of World War I. It resulted in a victory for the newly established state and was concluded in the Treaty of Tartu.

neg: Red Guards (Finland) The Red Guards (Finnish: "Punakaarti" , Swedish: "Röda gardet" ) were a paramilitary units of the Finnish labour movement in the early 1900s. The first Red Guards were established during the 1905 general strike, but disbanded a year later. After the Russian 1917 February revolution the Red Guards were re-established and in the 1918 Finnish Civil War they formed the army of Red Finland. The combined strength of the Red Guard was about 30,000 at the beginning of the Civil War, peaking at 90,000-120,000 during the course of the conflict. The number included more than 2,000 members of the Women's Guards. In May 1918, up to 80,000 Reds were captured by the victorious Whites, 12,000–14,000 of them died in the prison camps of executions, disease and malnutrition. Majority of the Reds were finally pardoned in late 1918.

neg: Finland–Russia border The Finnish–Russian border is the roughly north/south international border between the Republic of Finland (EU member) and the Russian Federation (CIS). Some 1,340 km (833 miles) long, it runs mostly through uninhabited taiga forests and sparsely populated rural areas, not following any particular natural feature or river. It is also part of the external border of both the political and economic union; European Union (EU) and the loose confederation;

neg: Karelian Fortified Region The 22nd Karelian Fortified Region (KaUR; Russian: Карельский укрепленный район; Карельский укрепрайон; КаУР ) is a 60 km wide Soviet defensive fortified district to the north of Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg) that was built in 1928-1932, 1938-1939, 1941-1944 and 1950-1965 in the Soviet part of the Karelian Isthmus amongst other fortified areas (the so-called Stalin Line) constructed around that time in order to defend the western borders of the Soviet Union. KaUR spans the old Finno-Russian border from Valkeasaari near the northern shore of the Gulf of Finland through Lempaala to Nizhniye Nikulyasy Bay on the western shore of Lake Ladoga.

neg: Battle of Hanko (1941) The Battle of Hanko (also known as the Hanko Front or the Siege of Hanko) was a lengthy series of small battles fought on Hanko Peninsula during the Continuation War between Finland and the Soviet Union in the second half of 1941. As both sides were eager to avoid a major, costly ground battle, fighting took the form of trench warfare, with artillery exchanges, sniping, patrol clashes, and small amphibious operations performed in the surrounding archipelago. A volunteer Swedish battalion served with Finnish forces in the siege. The last Soviet troops left the peninsula in December 1941.

neg: Mannerheim Line The Mannerheim Line (Finnish: Mannerheim-linja , Swedish: Mannerheimlinjen ) was a defensive fortification line on the Karelian Isthmus built by Finland against the Soviet Union. During the Winter War it became known as the Mannerheim Line, after Field Marshal Baron Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim. The line was constructed in two phases: 1920–1924 and 1932–1939. By November 1939, when the Winter War began, the line was by no means complete.

neg: Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1944) The Soviet Union occupied most of the territory of the Baltic states in its 1944 Baltic Offensive during World War II. The Red Army regained control over the three Baltic capitals and encircled retreating Wehrmacht and Latvian forces in the Courland Pocket where they held out until the final German surrender at the end of the war. The German forces were deported and the leaders of Latvian collaborating forces were executed as traitors . After the war, the Soviet Union reestablished control over the Baltic territories in line with its forcible annexations as communist republics in 1940.

neg: Karelia (historical province of Finland) Karelia (Finnish: "Karjala") is a historical province of Finland which Finland partly ceded to Russia after the Winter War of 1939–40. The Finnish Karelians include the present-day inhabitants of North and South Karelia and the still-surviving evacuees from the ceded territories. Present Finnish Karelia has 315,000 inhabitants. The more than 400,000 evacuees from the ceded territories were re-settled in various parts of Finland.

neg: North Ingria The Republic of North Ingria (Finnish: "Pohjois-Inkerin tasavalta" ) or Republic of Kirjasalo (Finnish: "Kirjasalon tasavalta" ) was a short-lived state of Ingrian Finns in the southern part of the Karelian Isthmus, which seceded from Bolshevist Russia after the October Revolution. Its aim was to be incorporated into Finland. It ruled parts of Northern Ingria from 1919 until 1920. With the Peace Treaty of Tartu it was re-integrated into Russia. However, Ingrian Finns of this area enjoyed a certain degree of national autonomy until the 1930s in compliance with the policy of national delimitation in the Soviet Union. In 1928 the Kuivaisi National District was established there with its administrative base in Toksovo. In 1939 it was abolished and the area was joined to the Pargolovo district. Today, it is the north-eastern part of Vsevolozhsky District.


query: are The LaFontaines and Gas Huffer from different countries?

pos: The LaFontaines The LaFontaines are a Scottish band from Motherwell, North Lanarkshire, formed in 2010. The band consists of Kerr Okan (lead vocals), Jamie Keenan (drums, vocals), John Gerard (bass, vocals), Iain Findlay (guitar), and Darren McCaughey (guitar, keyboard). Their style is a unique blend of hip hop, rock and pop. The band are named after American voice actor Don LaFontaine.

pos: Gas Huffer Gas Huffer was an American garage rock band from Washington state. They were known for their informal and comical lyrics and their antic stage presence.

neg: Caganer A Caganer (] , ] ) is a figurine depicted in the act of defecation appearing in nativity scenes in Catalonia and neighbouring areas with Catalan culture such as Andorra, Valencia, and Northern Catalonia (in southern France). It is most popular and widespread in these areas, but can also be found in other areas of Spain (Murcia), Portugal, and southern Italy (Naples).

neg: Marie-Jo Lafontaine Marie-Jo Lafontaine (born 17 November 1950) is a Belgian sculptor and video artist.

neg: Chés Cabotans Chés Cabotans is a marionette show from the city of Amiens, France, performed in the French language and in the Picard language. Its main character is named Lafleur. Lafleur and his wife Sandrine speak picard.

neg: Líneas Aéreas Canarias Lineas Aereas Canarias, also known by its acronym LAC, was an airline based in Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain.

neg: Carrefour City Carrefour City is a chain of proximity convenience stores created in 2009 by the Carrefour Group with locations in two countries, France and Spain.

neg: Lifou Lifou ] is a commune of France in the Loyalty Islands Province of New Caledonia in the Pacific Ocean.

neg: Lilium (band) Lilium (meaning "fortress") is a musical project begun by French musician Pascal Humbert, a member of the alternative country groups 16 Horsepower and Woven Hand. Lilium is now a two-piece augmented by frequent guests based in Denver, Colorado, USA.

neg: David Huff (baseball) David Gregory Huff (born August 22, 1984) is an American professional baseball pitcher for the LG Twins of Korea Baseball Organization (KBO). A left-handed pitcher, Huff previously played in MLB for the Cleveland Indians, San Francisco Giants, New York Yankees, Los Angeles Dodgers, and Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim.

neg: MV Gastor MV "Gastor and MV "Nestor were two LNG carriers built at the French shipyard Chantiers de l'Atlantique in Saint-Nazaire. Although delivered in 1976 both ships only entered real service in 1993, after their sale to Bonny Gas Transport Bermuda Shell, a subsidiary of Nigeira LNG Limited. Under their original names ("Gastor" and "Nestor"), the ships never transported any cargo.

neg: Landerrouat Landerrouat (occitan Landeroat) is a commune in the Gironde department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

neg: Aquitaine Aquitaine ( ; ] ; Occitan: "Aquitània" ; Basque: "Akitania" ; Poitevin-Saintongeais: "Aguiéne"), archaic "Guyenne"/"Guienne" (Occitan: "Guiana") was a traditional region of France, and was an administrative region of France until 1 January 2016. It is now part of the new region Nouvelle-Aquitaine. It is situated in the south-western part of Metropolitan France, along the Atlantic Ocean and the Pyrenees mountain range on the border with Spain. It is composed of the five departments of Dordogne, Lot-et-Garonne, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, Landes and Gironde. In the Middle Ages, Aquitaine was a kingdom and a duchy, whose boundaries fluctuated considerably.

neg: Prefontaine (disambiguation) Prefontaine ("French:" Préfontaine) is a surname of French-Canadian origin.

neg: Kim Huffman Kim Huffman (sometimes credited as Kymberley Huffman) is a Canadian actress born in St. Catharines, Ontario.

neg: Motorized scooter A motorized scooter (also gas scooter) is a powered stand-up scooter using a small utility gas engine or electric motor. These scooters are generally designed with a large “deck” in the center on which the operator may stand. The first production scooter, the “Sport,” was released by Go-Ped in 1985. Since then, the industry has exploded with the creation of many new brands and technologies.

neg: Larressore Larressore (Basque "Larresoro") is a town in the traditional Basque province of Labourd, now a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France.

neg: Limburger Limburger is a cheese that originated during the 19th century in the historical Duchy of Limburg, which is now divided between Belgium, Germany, and the Netherlands. The cheese is especially known for its strong smell caused by the bacterium "Brevibacterium linens".

neg: France–South Africa relations France–South Africa relations refers to the diplomatic relations between France and South Africa. Both nations are members of the G-20 major economies and the United Nations. The two states have strong economic ties; France was South Africa's 9th largest importer as of 2015.

neg: Gauloises Gauloises (] ), "Gaul women" in French ("cigarette" is feminine in French), is a brand of cigarette of French manufacture. It is produced by the company Imperial Tobacco following their acquisition of Altadis in January 2008 in most countries, but produced and sold by Reemtsma in Germany.

neg: Gas Natural Gas Natural SDG, S.A., trading as Gas Natural Fenosa (] ), is a Spanish natural gas and electrical energy utilities company, which operates primarily in Spain. The company's headquarters are in Barcelona.

neg: La Colombe Coffee Roasters La Colombe Coffee Roasters (originally La Colombe Torrefaction) is a US coffee roaster and retailer headquartered in Philadelphia. The company currently has cafés in Philadelphia, New York, Washington, Boston, Chicago, and Los Angeles. La Colombe is representative of roasters that originated in the third wave of coffee, and was one of the early pioneers of direct trade coffee sourcing.


query: Bajillion Dollar Propertie$ is a semi-scripted parody of a Canadian reality television series that airs on W Network in Canada and is produced by who?

pos: Bajillion Dollar Propertie$ Bajillion Dollar Propertie$ is an American comedy series on the Seeso comedy subscription streaming service. The series, created by Kulap Vilaysack, is a semi-scripted parody of reality television series such as "Million Dollar Listing" and "Property Brothers". "Bajillion Dollar Propertie$" previewed its pilot episode on February 20, 2016 and officially premiered on March 17, 2016. It was reported on April 5, 2016 that the series' second season would premiere in the fall of 2016. On December 12, 2016, Seeso renewed the series for a third and fourth season. On August 9, 2017, Seeso announced the shutdown of its service by the end of the year, leaving "Bajillion Dollar Propertie$" without a home.

pos: Property Brothers Property Brothers is a Canadian reality television series produced by Cineflix, and is the original show in the "Property Brothers" franchise. It airs on W Network in Canada and HGTV in the United States. The series features identical twin brothers Jonathan and Drew Scott. Drew is a real estate expert who scouts neglected houses and negotiates their purchases. His brother, Jonathan, is a licensed contractor who renovates houses. Together, the Property Brothers help families find, buy, and transform fixer-uppers into dream homes on a strict timeline and budget.

neg: Wa$ted! (New Zealand) Wa$ted! is a New Zealand reality television series which shows families their impact on the environment and helps them to become greener in their daily lives. The show has been acclaimed as the first show of its type. Even in production, they reduce their impact on the earth by using hybrid cars, crew carpooling, and reusing props.

neg: Just Kidding (TV series) Just Kidding is a Canadian live-action hidden camera reality series that first aired on February 3, 2013 on its original channel, Teletoon, and November 19, 2012 on Disney XD. It is not broadcast on Télétoon due to TVA's broadcasting rights of the series in French-Canadian territories. However, on September 1, 2015, The series moved over to La chaîne Disney. The series has also been broadcast in the UK (CBBC), France, Australia, Poland, Brazil, Spain, Norway and Sweden. Unlike the international versions, the Disney XD version is hosted by YouTube sensation Zach Fox, and the Disney XD stars Jason Earles and Tyrel Jackson Williams, and since 2014, is hosted by the Disney Channel star Calum Worthy. In 2014, "Just Kidding" (along with other live-action Teletoon shows, "My Babysitter's a Vampire", and "R.L. Stine's The Haunting Hour") has moved from Teletoon to YTV. The series got cancelled on November 30, 2014.

neg: Omni Television Omni Television (corporately styled as OMNI Television) is a Canadian television system that is owned by the Rogers Media subsidiary of Rogers Communications. It currently consists of all six of Canada's conventional multicultural television stations, which are located in Ontario (two stations), British Columbia, Alberta (two stations) and Quebec (as a secondary affiliate). In addition, Rogers also briefly operated religious television stations in the Vancouver and Winnipeg television markets under the "Omni" brand before divesting them in 2008.

neg: Canada's Worst Driver (season 1) Canada's Worst Driver (CWD), is a reality television series first aired on Discovery Channel Canada, based on the UK Channel 4 Television Corporation's "Britain's Worst Driver". "Canada's Worst Driver" is produced by Proper Television, and is hosted by Andrew Younghusband.

neg: BBC Canada BBC Canada is a Canadian Category B specialty channel that mostly broadcasts television series originally produced by or for the BBC, the public-service broadcaster of the United Kingdom. The channel is owned by Corus Entertainment, with a minority stake held by BBC Worldwide.

neg: Handyman Superstar Challenge Handyman Superstar Challenge (also referred to as Superstar Handyman Challenge from the show's first season logo) is a television game show on HGTV Canada, hosted by Karen Bertelsen. The show seeks to find the best handyman in Canada, with the winner originally being awarded the opportunity to host a show on HGTV in the first season, though no prize is explicitly mentioned in subsequent years. However, the winner of "Handyman Superstar Challenge" is traditionally given a guest appearance in a Mike Holmes television series ("Holmes on Homes" or "Holmes Inspection"; "Holmes in New Orleans" did not feature any "Handyman Superstar Challenge" contestants).

neg: Fool Canada Fool Canada is a Canadian television series, airing on CBC Television in summer 2015.

neg: Get Real! Get Real!, is a reality themed programming block on the Canadian television channel YTV. It premiered September 8, 2007, and broadcasts on Saturdays from 6:00 p.m. to 8:00 p.m. ET. Starting in 2008, the block also airs on Fridays, from the same time as the Saturday airing. Friday also became the night for premiere episodes of shows in the block, it now serves as a transition from YTV's The Zone block, into Bionix.

neg: Moccasin Flats Moccasin Flats is a Canadian drama series that ran for three full seasons. This series, which has been aired on the Aboriginal Peoples Television Network (APTN) and Showcase Television since 2004, is a co-produced by Big Soul Productions Inc. (Toronto) and Stephan Onda Productions inc. (Regina). It takes place in Moccasin Flats, Regina, Saskatchewan, an urban reserve where the inhabitants struggle to maintain their cultural identity while overcoming poverty, gangs, violence, and racism. The series features award nominated actor Andrea Menard and original music by Donald Quan.

neg: Great Taste, No Money Great Taste, No Money is a Canadian home improvement television show, hosted by Stephen Fermoyle. The series airs 11 p.m. EST on Prime, on Thursdays.

neg: Canada's Handyman Challenge Canada's Handyman Challenge is a Canadian reality game show. The series premiered on January 10, 2012, on HGTV Canada. Canada's Handyman Challenge is the successor to HGTV's previous series, "Handyman Superstar Challenge", similar in format to the All American Handyman sister show.

neg: Big Brother Canada Big Brother is a Canadian television reality game show based on the original Dutch TV series of the same name, created by producer John de Mol in 1997. The show is titled Big Brother Canada to differentiate from the American version of the franchise, which airs in Canada during the spring time. The series follows a group of contestants, known as HouseGuests, living together in a custom-built home under constant surveillance, while completely isolated from the outside world. The contestants are competing for a $100,000 grand prize, with weekly competitions and evictions determining who will win the show. The series takes its name from the character in George Orwell's novel "Nineteen Eighty-Four" (1984). With a French version and the United States version having aired in the country, Canada officially received its own English version of the series in 2013. The show was met with commercial success, and has gone on to become a hit for its parent network.

neg: Dan Ahdoot Dan Ahdoot is a stand-up comedian who primarily performs in New York City. He is well known for being a contestant in NBC's reality TV show "Last Comic Standing" and for performing on Comedy Central's "Premium Blend". He now stars on the Seeso series "Bajillion Dollar Propertie$".

neg: That's So Weird (TV series) That's So Weird is a Canadian sketch comedy television show owned by the Halifax Film Company, created by Jeff Copeland, broadcasts on YTV. The show has been described as "SCTV" or "Mad TV" for teenagers and includes an array of comedic skits. Reruns of the show currently airs on ABC Spark.

neg: Family Biz Family Biz is a Canadian television show, filmed in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada starring Doug Murray, Ephraim Ellis and Kate Corbett. Created by James Nadler, the show is currently airing on YTV and France 2. The first episode was shown on YTV. The show has been rated "C8+" in Canada, where it ran for one season from March 6 to December 8, 2009.

neg: Comedy Gold (TV series) Comedy Gold is a comedy reality TV show, created and produced by Darren Chau. The format documented the nationwide search for Australia's next hit TV comedy show. The program was filmed at the 2007 SPAA conference on the Gold Coast and premiered on Foxtel’s the Comedy Channel on Australia Day 2008. The contestants submitted ideas for a thirteen-part half-hour comedy series to a panel of judges, and the show offered up $25,000 to the winning TV show towards its development.

neg: Louie (TV series) Louie is an American comedy-drama television series on the FX network that began airing in 2010. It is written, directed, edited, and produced by the show's creator, comedian Louis C.K. He also stars in the show as a fictionalized version of himself, a comedian and newly divorced father raising his two daughters in New York City. The show has a loose format atypical for television comedy series, consisting of largely unconnected storylines and segments (described by FX president John Landgraf as "extended vignettes") that revolve around Louie's life, punctuated by live stand-up performances.

neg: Top Chef Canada Top Chef Canada is a Canadian reality competition television series. The show premiered on April 11, 2011 on Food Network Canada. The first season consisted of 13 episodes, with 16 contestants vying for a grand prize of $100,000 and a GE Monogram kitchen valued at $30,000. Contestants shopped at Loblaws in season one and McEwan in season two. Like the original American series, each week the chef contestants compete against each other in culinary challenges. Contestants are judged by a panel of professional chefs and other notables from the food and wine industry, with one or more contestants being eliminated each week. The Canadian edition uses the same graphics and music as the American version of the program.

neg: Canada's Worst Handyman Canada's Worst Handyman is a Canadian television series broadcast on Discovery Channel. The show is produced by Proper Television, and shares its production with "Canada's Worst Driver", including executive producer Guy O'Sullivan and host Andrew Younghusband. The series is based on a one-off 2004 episode of the "Britain's Worst" series, titled "Britain's Worst DIYer". Like sister series "Canada's Worst Driver", there have been similar adaptations in other English-speaking countries, in the US in 2011, with "America's 10 Worst DIYers", in Britain with a "Britain's Worst" 2005 spin-off series, "Britain's Worst DIYer". Six seasons of the show have been completed.

neg: The Wacky World of Tex Avery The Wacky World of Tex Avery is a French–American–Canadian animated comedy television series produced by DIC Entertainment and created by Robby London in 1997.