query: What is the nationality of the band that originally wrote the song that The 1975 performed at the 2016 BBC Music Awards?

pos: 2016 BBC Music Awards The 2016 BBC Music Awards took place on 12 December in London at ExCeL London. Two new awards were introduced, the BBC Radio 1 Live Lounge Performance of the Year award and the BBC Radio 2 Album of the Year award. The first winner of the former was The 1975, who performed "What Makes You Beautiful" (originally by One Direction) and the winner of the latter award was Adele for her album "25".

pos: One Direction One Direction (commonly abbreviated as 1D) are an English-Irish pop boy band based in London, composed of Niall Horan, Liam Payne, Harry Styles, Louis Tomlinson, and previously, Zayn Malik until his departure from the band on 25 March 2015. The group signed with Simon Cowell's record label Syco Records after forming and finishing third in the seventh series of the British televised singing competition "The X Factor" in 2010. Propelled to international success by social media, One Direction's five albums, "Up All Night" (2011), "Take Me Home" (2012), "Midnight Memories" (2013), "Four" (2014), and "Made in the A.M." (2015), topped charts in most major markets, and generated hit singles including "What Makes You Beautiful", "Live While We're Young", "Best Song Ever", "Story of My Life", and "Drag Me Down".

neg: Status Quo (band) Status Quo are an English rock band who play a brand of boogie rock. The group originated in The Spectres, founded by schoolboys Francis Rossi and Alan Lancaster in 1962. After a number of lineup changes, which included the introduction of Rick Parfitt in 1967, the band became The Status Quo in 1967 and Status Quo in 1969.

neg: The Bangin' Man "The Bangin' Man" is a song by the British rock band Slade, released in 1974 as a non-album single. It was written by lead vocalist Noddy Holder and bassist Jim Lea, and produced by Chas Chandler. It reached No. 3 in the UK, remaining in the charts for seven weeks. In 1974, the song was certified UK Silver by BPI for sales over 250,000.

neg: We're Only Human We're Only Human (previously The Incredible Kidda Band and The Kicks) were a British powerpop and rock band, formed in London on 1 July 1981, and composed of Alan Hammonds (guitar and vocals), John Rollason (guitar and backing vocals), Keith Taylor (bass) and Mark "Tarky" Bates (drums and backing vocals).

neg: Wish You Were Here (Pink Floyd song) "Wish You Were Here" is the title track on Pink Floyd's 1975 album "Wish You Were Here". Like most of the album, it refers to former Pink Floyd member Syd Barrett and his breakdown. David Gilmour and Roger Waters collaborated to write the music, and Gilmour sang the lead vocal.

neg: 99 Souls 99 Souls are a British house band. They are best known for their 2015 single "The Girl Is Mine", a mash-up of Destiny's Child's "Girl" and Brandy and Monica's "The Boy Is Mine". The single peaked at number five on the UK Singles Chart in January 2016.

neg: Tommy (1975 film) Tommy is a 1975 British musical fantasy drama film based upon The Who's 1969 rock opera album "Tommy" about a seemingly disabled boy who becomes a religious pinball champion. Directed by Ken Russell, the film featured a star-studded ensemble cast, including the band members themselves (most notably, lead singer Roger Daltrey, who plays the title role), Ann-Margret, Oliver Reed, Eric Clapton, Tina Turner, Elton John, Arthur Brown, and Jack Nicholson.

neg: Paul Rodgers Paul Bernard Rodgers (born 17 December 1949) is an English singer, songwriter and musician, best known for his success in the 1960s and 1970s as vocalist of Free and Bad Company. He now lives in Canada as a naturalized Canadian citizen. After stints in two less successful bands in the 1980s and early 1990s, The Firm and The Law, he became a solo artist. He has more recently toured and recorded with Queen. Rodgers has been dubbed "The Voice" by his fans. A poll in "Rolling Stone" magazine ranked him number 55 on its list of the "100 Greatest Singers of All Time". In 2011 Rodgers received the British Academy's Ivor Novello Award for Outstanding Contribution to British Music.

neg: The Only Ones The Only Ones are an English rock band, formed in London in 1976 and originally disbanded in 1982. They were associated with punk rock, yet straddled the musical territory in between punk, power pop and hard rock, with noticeable influences from psychedelia.

neg: Mott the Hoople Mott the Hoople were an English rock band with strong R&B roots, popular in the glam rock era of the early to mid-1970s. They are best known for the song "All the Young Dudes", written for them by David Bowie and appearing on their 1972 album of the same name.

neg: Bohemian Rhapsody "Bohemian Rhapsody" is a song by the British rock band Queen. It was written by Freddie Mercury for the band's 1975 album "A Night at the Opera". It is a six-minute suite, consisting of several sections without a chorus: an intro, a ballad segment, an operatic passage, a hard rock part and a reflective coda. The song is a more accessible take on the 1970s progressive rock genre. It was reportedly the most expensive single ever made at the time of its release, though the exact cost of production cannot be determined.

neg: Brotherhood of Man Brotherhood of Man are a British pop group who achieved success in the 1970s. They won the 1976 Eurovision Song Contest with "Save Your Kisses for Me".

neg: Glad All Over "Glad All Over" is a song written by Dave Clark and Mike Smith and recorded by The Dave Clark Five. In January 1964, it became the British group's first big hit, reaching No.1 on the UK Singles Chart. In April 1964, it reached No.6 on the American US "Billboard" Hot 100 chart, becoming the first British Invasion hit by a group other than The Beatles. It was also No.1 in Ireland, No.3 in Australia and No.2 in Canada. It reached No.4 in the Netherlands and No.16 in Germany. "Glad All Over" was the No.2 selling single of 1964 in the UK (behind "Can't Buy Me Love" by The Beatles), and also had sufficient UK sales in November and December 1963 to make it the 58th best-selling single of 1963; put together these statistics suggest UK sales for "Glad All Over" of around 1,000,000 units by the end of 1964.

neg: The Box Tops The Box Tops are an American rock band, formed in Memphis in 1967. They are best known for the hits "The Letter", "Cry Like a Baby", and "Soul Deep" and are considered a major blue-eyed soul group of the period. They performed a mixture of current soul music songs by artists such as James & Bobby Purify and Clifford Curry; pop tunes such as "A Whiter Shade of Pale" by Keith Reid, Gary Brooker, and Matthew Fisher of Procol Harum; and songs written by their producers, Dan Penn, Spooner Oldham, and Chips Moman. Vocalist Alex Chilton went on to front the power pop band Big Star and to launch a career as a solo artist, during which he occasionally performed songs he had sung with the Box Tops.

neg: Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 1975 Thanks to ABBA's victory the preceding year, Sweden hosted the Eurovision Song Contest 1975. Their entry was chosen in Melodifestivalen 1975, and the winner was last year's runner up, Lasse Berghagen, with the song "Jennie, Jennie", which he had written and composed himself.

neg: Ireland in the Eurovision Song Contest 2016 Ireland participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 2016 with the song "Sunlight" written by Nicky Byrne, Wayne Hector and Ronan Hardiman. The song was performed by Nicky Byrne, who was internally selected in January 2016 by the Irish broadcaster Raidió Teilifís Éireann (RTÉ) to represent the nation at the 2016 contest in Stockholm, Sweden. "Sunlight" was presented as the Irish entry during the announcement of Byrne's internal selection on 13 January 2016.

neg: Ritchie Blackmore's Rainbow Ritchie Blackmore's Rainbow (sometimes stylised Ritchie Blackmore's R-A-I-N-B-O-W) is the first album by British rock band Rainbow, released in 1975.

neg: Ride On, Baby "Ride On, Baby" is a song by the British rock band The Rolling Stones. It was written by Mick Jagger and Keith Richards in 1965. It was first released as a single by Chris Farlowe in October 1966 and reached #31 on the British charts. The Rollings Stones' own version appeared a few months later on "Flowers," an album released only in the US in June 1967. It was recorded during the "Aftermath" sessions in December 1965.

neg: Rain (The Script song) "Rain" (stylised as "Ra!n" on the cover art) is a song by Irish rock band The Script. It was written by James Barry, Camille Purcell, Mark Sheehan and Danny O'Donoghue, with the latter two and Andrew Frampton, Jimbo Wallace, Max Farrar handling the song's production. The song was released on 14 July 2017, through Sony Music, as the lead single from the band's fifth studio album "Freedom Child".

neg: Imagine Me, Imagine You "Imagine Me, Imagine You" is a 1975 song by pop group Fox. It was taken from their debut album Fox. It reached no. 15 in the UK, where it became the band's third highest charting single on that chart, however it reached its highest chart peak on the German chart where it reached no. 8.

neg: Fame (David Bowie song) "Fame" is a song recorded by David Bowie, initially released in 1975. Written by Bowie, Carlos Alomar and John Lennon,


query: Four includes a cover of the Van Morrison song from which album recorded in September-October 1968?

pos: Four (Acts of Love) Four (Acts of Love) is the sixth studio album by Australian singer-songwriter Mick Harvey - and his second since leaving Nick Cave & The Bad Seeds. It was released in June 2013 under Mute Records. The 14 tracks make up a song cycle, bookended by "Praise the Earth (Wheels of Amber and Gold)" and "Praise the Earth (An Ephemeral Play)". The album includes eclectic covers including The Saints' punk "The Story of Love", P. J. Harvey's "Glorious" - she also duets with Harvey on the track - and Van Morrison's "The Way Young Lovers Do" off the classic "Astral Weeks".

pos: Astral Weeks Astral Weeks is the second studio album by Northern Irish singer-songwriter Van Morrison. It was recorded at Century Sound Studios in New York City during three sessions in September and October 1968, although most participants and biographers agree that the eight songs were culled from the first and last early evening sessions. Except for John Payne, Morrison and the assembled jazz musicians had not played together before and the recordings commenced without rehearsals or lead sheets handed out.

neg: Wheels of Fire Wheels of Fire is the third album by the British rock band Cream. It was released in July 1968 as a two-disc vinyl LP, with one disc recorded in the studio and the other recorded live. It reached #3 in the United Kingdom and #1 in the United States, becoming the first platinum-selling double album. In May 2012 it was ranked number 205 on "Rolling Stone" magazine's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time.

neg: America (Simon & Garfunkel song) "America" is a song performed by American music duo Simon & Garfunkel, which they released from their fourth studio album, "Bookends," in 1968. Produced by the duo and Roy Halee, the song was later issued as a single in 1972 to promote the release of "Simon and Garfunkel's Greatest Hits."

neg: Four (Joe Henderson album) Four is the first album by jazz saxophonist Joe Henderson released on the Verve label. It was recorded on April 21, 1968 and features a live performance by Henderson with Wynton Kelly, Paul Chambers and Jimmy Cobb. The Allmusic review by Scott Yanow states that "Henderson really pushes the rhythm section (which, although they had not played with the tenor previously, had been together for a decade) and he is certainly inspired by their presence. This is a frequently exciting performance by some of the modern bop greats of the era". Further selections from this concert were released as "Straight, No Chaser".

neg: Caravanserai (album) Caravanserai is the fourth studio album by Santana, released on October 11, 1972. It marked a major turning point in Carlos Santana's career as it was a sharp departure from his critically acclaimed first three albums. Original bass guitarist David Brown left the group in 1971 and was replaced by Doug Rauch and Tom Rutley, while original percussionist Michael Carabello left and was replaced by Armando Peraza. Keyboardist/vocalist Gregg Rolie, who was having a falling-out with Santana, was replaced by Tom Coster on a few songs. "Caravanserai" reached number eight in the "Billboard" 200 chart and number six in the R&B Albums chart in 1972.

neg: Question the Answers Question the Answers is the fourth album by The Mighty Mighty Bosstones, released on October 4, 1994 (see 1994 in music).

neg: Four in Blue Four In Blue is a 1969 album by the Motown R&B group The Miracles, issued on the label's Tamla Records subsidiary (Tamla 297) in the U.S., and the Tamla-Motown label elsewhere in the world, (STML 11151), and was the final Miracles album of the 1960s. It reached #78 on the "Billboard" pop album chart, and reached the Top 10 of Billboard's R&B Album chart, peaking at #3, despite the fact that no singles were released from this album in the U.S. or the UK.

neg: Loaded (The Velvet Underground album) Loaded is the fourth studio album by American rock band the Velvet Underground, released in November 1970 by Atlantic Records' subsidiary label Cotillion. It was the final album recorded featuring founding member and main songwriter Lou Reed, who left shortly before its release.

neg: On the Threshold of a Dream On the Threshold of a Dream is the fourth album by The Moody Blues, released in April 1969 on the Deram label.

neg: Goodnight Vienna Goodnight Vienna is the fourth studio album by Ringo Starr. It was recorded in the summer of 1974 in Los Angeles, and released later that year. "Goodnight Vienna" followed the commercially successful predecessor "Ringo", and Starr used many of the same players, including Billy Preston, Klaus Voormann, Robbie Robertson, Harry Nilsson, and producer Richard Perry. The title is a Liverpool slang phrase meaning "it's all over".

neg: End of the World (album) End of the World is a 1968 album by Greek Progressive rock band Aphrodite's Child. It features the UK top 30 hit "Rain and Tears" .

neg: Cover from the Sky Cover from the Sky is the fourth and final single from Deacon Blue's album "Fellow Hoodlums". It was the first single to be released with Lorraine McIntosh on lead vocals.

neg: Crazy Love (Van Morrison song) "Crazy Love" is a romantic ballad written by Northern Irish singer-songwriter Van Morrison and included on his 1970 album, "Moondance". The song was originally released as the B-side to "Come Running" in May 1970 before it was released as a single in the Netherlands, "Come Running" as the B-side. The cover of the single shows Morrison with his then-wife, Janet "Planet" Rigsbee. The photograph was taken by Elliot Landy, the official photographer of the 1969 Woodstock festival.

neg: Them Again Them Again is the second album by the Northern Irish band, Them, whose lead singer and songwriter was Van Morrison. The album was released by Decca Records in the UK on 21 January 1966 but it failed to chart. In the U.S. it was released in April 1966 where it peaked at #138 on the "Billboard" charts.

neg: Live May 11, 1968 Live May 11, 1968 is a live album by the American psychedelic rock band H. P. Lovecraft and was released in 1991. The eight tracks included on the album were all recorded at The Fillmore in San Francisco, California, on May 11, 1968, soon after the band's original bass player Jerry McGeorge had been replaced by Jeffrey Boyan. The album consists of material taken from the band's first two studio albums and features very good sound quality considering the era in which it was recorded.

neg: Ocean Rain Ocean Rain is the fourth studio album by the English post-punk band Echo & the Bunnymen. It was released on 4 May 1984 and reached number four on the UK Albums Chart, number 87 on the United States "Billboard" 200, number 41 on the Canadian "RPM" 100 Albums and number 22 on the Swedish chart. Since 1984 the album has been certified gold by the British Phonographic Industry. "Ocean Rain" includes the singles "The Killing Moon", "Silver" and "Seven Seas".

neg: Live at the Fillmore 1968 Live at the Fillmore 1968 is a (double CD) live album by Santana, recorded between December 19 and December 22, 1968 at the Fillmore West and released in 1997.

neg: It's All Too Much "It's All Too Much" is a song by the English rock group the Beatles from their 1969 album "Yellow Submarine". Written by George Harrison in 1967, it reflects the ideological themes of that year's Summer of Love. The Beatles recorded the track in May 1967, shortly after completing their album "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band". It was one of four new songs they then supplied for the 1968 animated film "Yellow Submarine", to meet their contractual obligations to United Artists.

neg: L.A. Woman (song) "L.A. Woman" is a song by American rock band the Doors. The song is the title track on their 1971 album "L.A. Woman", the final album to feature Jim Morrison before his death on 3 July 1971.

neg: Vincebus Eruptum Vincebus Eruptum ( ; pseudo-Latin) is the debut studio album by American rock band Blue Cheer. Released on January 16, 1968, the album features a heavy-thunderous blues sound, which would later be known as heavy metal. It also contains elements of acid rock, grunge, experimental rock, blues rock, stoner rock, and garage rock. A commercial and critical success, "Vincebus Eruptum" peaked at number 11 on the "Billboard" 200 albums chart and spawned the top-20 hit cover of Eddie Cochran's "Summertime Blues". Being an example of hard rock, it is also lauded as one of the first heavy metal albums.

neg: Harry (album) Harry is the fourth studio album by Harry Nilsson, released August 1969 on RCA. It was his first album to get onto Billboard Magazine's "Billboard" 200 chart, reaching #120 and remaining there for 15 weeks.


query: What are Brian Goorjian and Lucy Saroyan's nationality?

pos: Brian Goorjian Brian Warwick Goorjian (born (1953--)28 1953 ) is an American basketball coach. He is the most successful coach in Australian basketball history. In an NBL coaching career spanning over 20 years since his debut with the Eastside Spectres in 1988 Goorjian has won six championships: two with the South East Melbourne Magic, three with the Sydney Kings and one with the South Dragons. With a win ratio of over 70% Goorjian heads Lindsay Gaze as the most winning coach in NBL history and became the second man after Gaze to coach 600 games. Goorjian was also coach the Australian national team, the Boomers, from 2001 to 2008. Goorjian traveled to China after he finished his commitment with the Boomers in 2009. He became the Coach in General of Dongguan Leopards, a growing team in CBA. He led the Leopards Youth Team to win Championship of the Chinese National Youth League in July, 2009, who only ranked in the 9th position in 2008. With a great success, Goorjian is expected to be promoted as the head coach for the senior team in the 2010–2011 CBA Season.

pos: Lucy Saroyan Lucy Saroyan (January 17, 1946 – April 11, 2003) was an American actress and photographer.

neg: Bouna Sarr Bouna Sarr (born January 31, 1992 in Lyon, France) is a Guinean footballer who plays for French Ligue 1 Club Marseille. Sarr has played 7 Ligue 2 matches as of January 2012. He signed for Marseille on 7 July 2015. He was called up by the Guinean national football team in December 2014.

neg: Éric Judor Éric Judor (] ; born 25 July 1969) is a French actor, comedian and filmmaker, internationally known for his comedy duo with Ramzy Bédia.

neg: Doris Boyd Doris Lucy Eleanor Bloomfield Boyd (20 November 1888 – 13 June 1960) ("née" Gough) was an Australian artist, active as a painter and ceramicist.

neg: The Human Comedy (novel) The Human Comedy is a novel by William Saroyan.

neg: Brian Fogarty Brian Fogarty is an English novelist, short story writer, poet, painter, and printmaker.

neg: Paul Tien Paul Shu-Pei Tien, Ph.D. is an American educator who was born in Tianjin, China and grew up in Taiwan. He emigrated to the United States to pursue graduate education in electrical engineering, and later became a professor of electrical engineering in Ohio. In January 1978, Dr. Tien established the American University of the Caribbean School of Medicine (AUC) on the Caribbean island of Montserrat. AUC is now located on the island of Sint Maarten.

neg: Brian Jay Jones Brian Jay Jones (born August 1, 1967) is an American biographer, primarily of American pop culture icons. He is the past president of Biographers International Organization.

neg: Cindy Baer Cindy Baer is an American actress, director, producer, and entrepreneur. She helms the production company Free Dream Pictures, located in Burbank, California.

neg: Charmian Gooch Charmian Penelope Gooch (born 1965) is a British anti-corruption campaigner and activist. She is a co-founder and board member of the NGO Global Witness, where she works to uncover and fight corruption in the developing world.

neg: Sarkis Baloyan Sarkis Grachyayevich Baloyan (Russian: Саркис Грачяевич Балоян ; born 24 August 1992) is a Russian football striker of Armenian descent, who plays for FC Banants.

neg: Camille Chen Camille Chen (born September 1, 1979) is a Taiwanese-born American actress. She was born in Taiwan and raised in the U.S. She began her career in show business, doing voiceover work for the English version of anime television series such as "Lost Universe" and "Devil Lady". She is engaged to actor and puppeteer Christian Anderson.

neg: Brian Barney Brian Barney (born December 15, 1971) is an American director and actor.

neg: Lucy Tyler-Sharman Lucy Tyler-Sharman (born Lucy Tyler, in Louisville, Kentucky on 6 June 1965) is an Australian Olympic and World Champion cyclist.

neg: Gyan Riley Gyan Riley (born 1977) is an American guitarist and composer. He is a son of minimalist composer Terry Riley. They frequently collaborate, including a tour in Europe in September 2016. Gyan Riley studied at San Francisco Conservatory of Music. He released his solo album "Stream of Gratitude" in 2013 on John Zorn's Tzadik Records. He also performed with Zakir Hussain, Dawn Upshaw, San Francisco Symphony among others. In 2015, he released "Nayive Eviyan", a collaboration with Czech violinist Iva Bittová.

neg: Camille Souter Camille Souter, born Betty Pamela Holmes, is a painter. Though born in Northampton, England, in 1929, she was raised in Ireland. She was elected Saoi of Aosdána in 2008.

neg: Say Lou Lou Say Lou Lou (formerly Saint Lou Lou) are a twin sister musical duo hailing from Australia and Sweden. Miranda Anna and Elektra June Kilbey-Jansson (born 7 June 1991) are the daughters of Steve Kilbey, the lead singer of Australian alternative band The Church and Karin Jansson, ex-girlfriend and recording partner of Kilbey (and before then a member of Swedish new wave band Pink Champagne). They grew up in both Australia and Sweden.

neg: Shirly Brener Shirly Brener (Hebrew: שירלי ברנר  ; born September 24, 1978) is an Israeli and American actress, producer, show host, art connoisseur and writer. (Pronounced Sheer-Lee)

neg: Lucy Benjamin Lucy Benjamin (born Lucy Jane Baker; 25 June 1970) is an English actress.

neg: Clare Nasir Clarissa Faye "Clare" Nasir (born 20 June 1970) is a British meteorologist and TV presenter.

neg: Brian James Roche Brian James Roche (born 2 October 1987) is an Irish actor, writer and musician from Limerick, Ireland.


query: Which riffle on which SIG SG 550 is based is a 5.56×45mm NATO assault rifle developed in the early 1970s by Schweizerische Industrie Gesellschaft?

pos: SIG SG 550 The SG 550 is an assault rifle manufactured by Swiss Arms AG (formerly a division of Schweizerische Industrie Gesellschaft now known as Sig Holding AG) of Neuhausen, Switzerland. "SG" is an abbreviation for "Sturmgewehr", or "assault rifle". The rifle is based on the earlier 5.56mm SG 540 and is also known as the Fass 90 ("Fusil d'assaut" 90/"Fucile d'assalto" 90) in French/Italian or Stgw 90 in German ("Sturmgewehr" 90).<ref name="SwissArms-SG550/PE90"> </ref>

pos: SIG SG 540 The SG 540 is a 5.56×45mm NATO assault rifle developed in the early 1970s by Schweizerische Industrie Gesellschaft (SIG, currently SAN Swiss Arms AG) based out of Neuhausen, Switzerland as a private venture primarily destined for export markets and as a potential replacement for the 7.5×55mm Swiss SG 510 automatic rifle known as the Stgw 57 in Swiss service.

neg: MP 40 The MP 40 ("Maschinenpistole 40") was a submachine gun chambered for the 9×19mm Parabellum cartridge. It was developed in Nazi Germany and used extensively by the Axis powers during the Second World War.

neg: General-purpose machine gun A general-purpose machine gun (GPMG) is an air-cooled, fully automatic, belt-fed weapon with a quick change barrel that can be used in a variety of roles, from bipod- or tripod-mounted infantry support, to deployment as a helicopter door gun, or a vehicle-mounted support weapon. Modern GPMGs fire full-powered rifle cartridges such as the 7.62×51mm NATO, 7.62×54mmR, 7.5×54mm French, 7.5×55mm Swiss, 7.92×57mm Mauser, etc.

neg: SIG Sauer SIGM400 The SIGM400 is a family of firearms manufactured by SIG Sauer. The rifle is based on the earlier AR-15 rifle.

neg: .303 British The .303 British (designated as the 303 British by the C.I.P. and SAAMI) or 7.7×56mmR, is a .303 in calibre (with the bore diameter measured between the lands as is common practice in Europe) rimmed rifle cartridge first developed in Britain as a black-powder round put into service in December 1888 for the Lee–Metford rifle. In 1891 the cartridge was adapted to use smokeless powder. It was the standard British and Commonwealth military cartridge from 1889 until the 1950s when it was replaced by the 7.62×51mm NATO.

neg: Assault gun An assault gun is a form of self-propelled artillery which utilizes an infantry support gun mounted on a motorized chassis, normally an armored fighting vehicle. Assault guns are designed to provide direct fire support for infantry attacks, especially against other infantry or fortified positions. The term is a literal translation of the German word "Sturmgeschütz", which was applied to the first purpose-built assault gun, the StuG III, in 1940.

neg: FN FAL The FN FAL (French: "Fusil Automatique Léger" , English: Light Automatic Rifle), is a battle rifle designed by Dieudonné Saive and Ernest Vervier and manufactured by Fabrique Nationale d'Herstal (FN Herstal). During the Cold War it was adopted by many North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) countries, with the notable exception of the United States. It is one of the most widely used rifles in history, having been used by more than 90 countries.

neg: 7.92×33mm Kurz The 7.92×33mm "Kurz (designated as the 7.92 x 33 kurz by the C.I.P.) is a rimless bottlenecked intermediate rifle cartridge developed in Nazi Germany prior to and during World War II. The ammunition is also referred to as 7.9mm "Kurz ("German: "Kurz" " meaning "short"), 7.9 "Kurz", or 7.9mmK, or 8×33 Polte. It was specifically intended for development of an automatic carbine (assault rifle). The round was developed as a compromise between the longer 7.92×57mm rifle and the 9×19mm Parabellum pistol rounds, and is known as an intermediate cartridge (German: "Mittelpatrone" ).

neg: .50 BMG The .50 Browning Machine Gun (.50 BMG, 12.7×99mm NATO and designated as the 50 Browning by the C.I.P.) is a cartridge developed for the Browning .50 caliber machine gun in the late 1910s. Entering service officially in 1921, the round is based on a greatly scaled-up .30-06 cartridge. Under STANAG 4383, it is a standard cartridge for NATO forces as well as many non-NATO countries. The cartridge itself has been made in many variants: multiple generations of regular ball, tracer, armor-piercing (AP), incendiary, and saboted sub-caliber rounds. The rounds intended for machine guns are linked using metallic links.

neg: Heckler & Koch P9 The HK P9 is a semi-automatic pistol from Heckler & Koch in 9×19mm Parabellum and the first to use a variation of H&K's roller delayed blowback system in a pistol format and polygonal rifling now common in H&K designs. Design began around 1965 and production ran between 1969 and 1978. Only 485 single-action P9's were produced and were discontinued in 1970. A traditional double action version, the P9S (the "S" standing for "Spannabzug", or "double-action trigger") was manufactured in greater numbers.

neg: Heckler & Koch HK417 The Heckler & Koch HK417 is a battle rifle designed and manufactured by Heckler & Koch in Germany. It is a gas-operated, selective fire rifle with a rotating bolt. It is chambered for the full-power 7.62×51mm NATO round, instead of the less powerful 5.56×45mm NATO intermediate cartridge. The HK417 is intended for use in roles where the greater penetrative power and range of the 7.62×51mm NATO round are required. It has been adopted for service by a number of armed forces, special forces, and police organizations.

neg: Advanced Individual Combat Weapon The Advanced Infantry Combat Weapon (AICW) was a prototype assault rifle developed in Australia. The AICW combined a standard 5.56 mm assault rifle based on the successful Steyr AUG with a superposed load grenade launcher developed by Metal Storm.

neg: Solothurn ST-5 The Solothurn ST-5 is a 20 mm anti-aircraft gun designed by Solothurn in Switzerland which ultimately was the design basis for the highly successful 2 cm FlaK 30 series of guns used by Germany in World War II.

neg: MAS-49 rifle The MAS-49 is a French semi-automatic rifle that replaced various bolt action rifles as the French service rifle that was produced from 1949. It was designed and manufactured by the government-owned MAS arms factory. The French Army formal designation of the MAS-49 is Fusil Semi-automatique de 7,5mm Modele 1949 ("semi-automatic rifle of 7.5mm model 1949"). The MAS-49 semi-automatic rifle was produced in limited quantities (20,600 units), whereas the shorter and lighter variant, the MAS-49/56, was mass manufactured (275,240 units) and issued to all branches of the French military. Overall, the MAS-49 and 49/56 rifles gained the reputation of being accurate, reliable and easy to maintain in adverse environments. All the MAS-49 and 49/56 rifles feature a rail on the left side of their receivers to accommodate a designated rifle scope. The MAS-49 and MAS-49/56 were replaced as French service rifles by the FAMAS assault rifle in 1979.

neg: 10 cm schwere Kanone 18 The 10.5 cm schwere Kanone 18 (10.5 cm sK 18) was a field gun used by Germany in World War II. The German army wanted a new 10.5 cm gun as well as 15 cm howitzer which were to share the same carriage. Guns are heavier than howitzers due to the longer barrel. This also led to the 15 cm sFH 18. As such both weapons had a similar weight and could be carried by a similar carriage. By 1926 Krupp and Rheinmetall had specimen designs, and prototypes were ready by 1930, but was not fielded until 1933–34. Both Krupp and Rheinmetall competed for the development contract, but the Wehrmacht compromised and selected Krupp's carriage to be mated with Rheinmetall's gun.

neg: Swiss Arms SAN Swiss Arms AG is a Swiss manufacturer of armaments. It was known as SIG Arms AG before 2000 when it was acquired by the German investors Michael Lüke and Thomas Ortmeier from parent company "Schweizerische Industrie Gesellschaft" (SIG). The Castelli Moser family from Lugano owns the 20% of the factory.

neg: FA-MAS Type 62 The FA-MAS Type 62 is a 7.62×51mm NATO rifle developed by the French Army as a replacement for the MAS-49/56. It was the last in series of 40 different prototype rifles designed between 1952 and 1962, and bears a resemblance to the FN FAL. However, the introduction of the 5.56×45mm cartridge caused the French to rethink their approach and the project was eventually cancelled. The Type 62's bayonet was later adopted for use on the FAMAS rifle.

neg: HIW VSK The HIW VSK was a carbine of German origin developed by Hessische Industrie Werke. It was intended as a Volkssturm weapon and used blow forward operation.

neg: Heckler & Koch UMP The UMP ("Universale Maschinenpistole", German for "Universal Submachine Gun") is a submachine gun developed and manufactured by Heckler & Koch. The UMP has been adopted by various agencies such as the U.S. Customs and Border Protection. Heckler & Koch developed the UMP as a lighter and cheaper successor to the MP5, though both remain in production.

neg: Mannlicher M1895 The Mannlicher M1895 (German: "Infanterie Repetier-Gewehr M.95" , Hungarian: "Gyalogsági Ismétlő Puska M95" ; "Infantry Repeating-Rifle M95") is a bolt-action rifle, designed by Ferdinand Ritter von Mannlicher that used a refined version of his revolutionary straight-pull action bolt, much like the Mannlicher M1890 carbine. It was nicknamed the "Ruck-Zu(rü)ck" (German slang for "back and forth") by Austrian troops and "Ta-Pum" by Italian troops who even wrote a song about it during World War I.

neg: SIG MG 710-3 The SIG MG 710-3 is a Swiss 7.62 mm general-purpose machine gun (GPMG) designed and manufactured by SIG - Schweizerische Industrie Gesellschaft (currently Swiss Arms AG). The weapon was developed as a commercial venture primarily for export, since the Swiss Army had already adopted the 7.5 mm MG 51 GPMG (chambered for the 7.5×55mm Swiss Schmidt–Rubin rifle cartridge), produced by the federal arms factory W+F.


query: What year was the role-playing game that featured a version of the Phoenix Command system released?

pos: Phoenix Command Phoenix Command was a role-playing game system published by Leading Edge Games, and copyrighted by Barry Nakazono and David McKenzie. Various versions of the system featured in the games "Morning Star Missions", "Living Steel", and "Aliens Adventure Game".

pos: Aliens Adventure Game Aliens Adventure Game is a role-playing game published by Leading Edge Games in 1990.

neg: Spelljammer Spelljammer is a campaign setting for the "Advanced Dungeons & Dragons" (2nd edition) role-playing game, which features a fantastic (as opposed to scientific) outer space environment.

neg: Shadowrun Returns Shadowrun Returns is a science fantasy turn based tactical role-playing game developed and published by Harebrained Schemes. It takes place in the setting of the "Shadowrun" tabletop role-playing game. The game was successfully crowd funded through Kickstarter, and was released for Microsoft Windows, OS X, Linux, iOS, and Android in 2013.

neg: Star Trek: Deep Space Nine Role Playing Game The Star Trek: Deep Space Nine Role Playing Game is a role-playing game published by Last Unicorn Games in 1999.

neg: Warcraft: Orcs & Humans Warcraft: Orcs & Humans is a real-time strategy game (RTS), developed by Blizzard Entertainment and published by Blizzard and Interplay Entertainment. The MS-DOS version was released on 23 November 1994 and the Macintosh version in early 1996. Sales were fairly high, reviewers were mostly impressed, and the game won three awards and was a finalist for three others. There was a CD re-release, namely version 1.21 (CD version), that didn't have the word-from-the-user-manual copy protection of prior versions. The sequel, "", became the main rival to Westwood Studios' "Command & Conquer" series, and this competition fostered an RTS boom in the mid to late 1990s.

neg: Dragon Quest II Dragon Quest II: Luminaries of the Legendary Line is a role-playing video game (RPG) developed by Chunsoft and published by Enix (later merging with Square to become Square Enix) in 1987 for the Family Computer (or Famicom) as a part of the "Dragon Quest" series. Enix's U.S. subsidiary published the American version of "Dragon Quest II" for the Nintendo Entertainment System (or NES) in 1990. "Dragon Quest II" is set one hundred years after the events of the first game.

neg: Thieves' Guild (role-playing game) Thieves' Guild is a role-playing game published by Gamelords in 1980.

neg: Phoenix Dynasty Online Phoenix Dynasty Online (Chinese: 凤舞天骄, commonly abbreviated as PDO) was a fantasy MMORPG developed by Object Software Limited. It was first released in Mainland China in 2006. And then Ingle Games Ltd., the North American Publisher of Phoenix Dynasty Online, announced its Closed Beta on Aug 1st. The Open Beta test began on Oct 9, 2007. It was soon recognized by IGN and released its vault and granted IGN an interview. Until now the game is still under development and new contents have been added continuously. The upcoming 7400 expansion pack is scheduled for July 2009. Phoenix Dynasty Online is set in ancient China. Players can learn and practice the Chinese Kungfu to advance their character and rule the dynasty.

neg: Star Riders Star Riders (ISBN  ) is a comedy science fiction role-playing game designed by Hans Guévin and published by Ianus Games in 1993. "Star Riders" uses the game system developed for "Teenagers from Outer Space" to parody the genre of space opera.

neg: Swords and Sorcery (video game) Swords and Sorcery is a fantasy role playing video game developed and published by Personal Software Services. It was released exclusively in the United Kingdom for the ZX Spectrum in 1985 and the Amstrad CPC in 1986. The game contains elements of dungeon crawling and revolves around a customisable player-character navigating through catacombs in order to secure a large wealth of treasure, whilst simultaneously collecting seven pieces of sacred armour.

neg: Realmz Realmz is a fantasy adventure and role-playing video game first developed and published by Fantasoft in 1994 for the Apple Macintosh as shareware. Fantasoft released a Microsoft Windows-compatible version in 1999, and a science fiction role-playing game based on the "Realmz" engine, titled "New Centurions", in 2001. "Realmz" was originally written by Tim Phillips on a Macintosh IIsi; he also wrote four game scenarios, including the introductory scenario "City of Bywater". Other original scenario contributors were Jim Foley (who wrote two scenarios, namely "Castle in the Clouds" and "White Dragon") and Sean Sayrs (who wrote three, including "Prelude to Pestilence" and "Griloch's Revenge").

neg: Star Trek: The Rebel Universe Star Trek: The Rebel Universe is an action-adventure computer game written by Firebird Software and published by Simon & Schuster Interactive. It was originally released for the Atari ST in 1987, and was followed the next year with versions for the Commodore 64 and IBM PC.

neg: D20 Past d20 Past is a d20 based role-playing game released by Wizards of the Coast in 2005 as a supplement to "d20 Modern", providing a framework and new rules for campaigns set any historic settings from the Renaissance to World War II, including new character options and rules for early modern firearms. It begins with an exploration of the historical period between around 1450 and 1950, then provides rules for creating characters and campaigns that blend realism and fantasy. "d20 Past" also presents alternative campaign models, along with all the rules needed to play swashbuckling pirate adventures, Victorian horror investigations, thrilling Pulp Era escapades, and more, including three ready-to-play campaign modules.

neg: Final Fantasy Tactics Final Fantasy Tactics (ファイナルファンタジータクティクス , Fainaru Fantajī Takutikusu ) is a tactical role-playing game developed and published by Squaresoft (later changed to Square and now Square Enix) for the Sony PlayStation video game console. It is the first game of the "Final Fantasy Tactics" series and was released in Japan in June 1997 and in the United States in January 1998. The game combines thematic elements of the "Final Fantasy" video game series with a game engine and battle system unlike those previously seen in the franchise. In contrast to other 32-bit era "Final Fantasy" titles, "Final Fantasy Tactics" uses a 3D, isometric, rotatable playing field, with bitmap sprite characters.

neg: Merchant of Venus Merchant of Venus is a board game, published in 1988 by Avalon Hill, set in an unexplored part of the galaxy during a reawakening of galactic civilization. Players move around the board as traders discovering long forgotten pockets of civilization and buying and selling goods. The game can be played by one to six players. In tournaments it is usually played by four players. The solitaire version, which relies heavily on combat with a militaristic race, has different game mechanics.

neg: Flashing Blades Flashing Blades is a role-playing game published by Fantasy Games Unlimited in 1984.

neg: Star Drive Star Drive (stylized as Star*Drive) is a science fiction campaign setting that was published in 1998 by TSR, Inc. for the "Alternity" role-playing game. "Alternity"'s first setting was detailed in the "Star Drive Campaign Setting" (1998).

neg: Star Ace Star Ace is a role-playing game published by Pacesetter Ltd in 1984.

neg: Star Wars: The Roleplaying Game Star Wars: The Roleplaying Game is a role-playing game set in the "Star Wars" universe, written and published by West End Games (WEG) between 1987 and 1999. The game system was slightly modified and rereleased in 2004 as "D6 Space", which used a generic space opera setting. An unrelated "Star Wars" RPG was published by Wizards of the Coast from 2000 to 2010. Since 2012 the official "Star Wars" role-playing game is another unrelated game, published by Fantasy Flight Games.

neg: Campaign setting A campaign setting is usually a fictional world which serves as a setting for a role-playing game or wargame campaign. A "campaign" is a series of individual adventures, and a "campaign setting" is the world in which such adventures and campaigns take place. Usually a campaign setting is designed for a specific game (such as the "Forgotten Realms" setting for "Dungeons & Dragons") or a specific genre of game (such as Medieval fantasy, or outer space/science fiction adventure). There are numerous campaign settings available both in print and online. In addition to published campaign settings available for purchase, many game masters create their own settings, often referred to as "homebrew" settings or worlds.

neg: Heroes of Olympus (role-playing game) Heroes of Olympus is a role-playing game first published by Task Force Games in 1981.


query: Who is Princess Lalla Khadija's paternal grandfather?

pos: Princess Lalla Khadija of Morocco Princess Lalla Khadija of Morocco (born 28 February 2007) is the younger child of King Mohammed VI of Morocco and his wife, Princess Lalla Salma. Lalla Khadija's elder brother is Moulay Hassan, Crown Prince of Morocco.

pos: Mohammed VI of Morocco Mohammed VI (Arabic: محمد السادس  , Berber: ; born 21 August 1963) is the King of Morocco. He ascended to the throne on 23 July 1999 upon the death of his father, King Hassan II.

neg: Malek Jahan Khanom, Mahd-e Olia Malek Jahan Khanom, Mahd-e Olia (Persian: ملک جهان خانم، مهدِ عُلیا  ), (born Malek Jahan Khanom Qajar Ghovanloo; 26 February 1805 – 2 April 1873) was a Persian princess of the Qajar dynasty, consort of Mohammad Shah Qajar of Persia (reign 1834–1848) and the mother of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar. She was the granddaughter of Fath-Ali Shah Qajar of Persia and the cousin of her spouse, Mohammad Shah Qajar.

neg: Prince Talal bin Muhammad Prince Talal bin Muhammad (born 26 July 1965) is a member of the Jordanian royal family, the eldest son of Prince Muhammad bin Talal, the younger brother of King Hussein of Jordan, and the grandson of King Talal of Jordan. He has one brother, Prince Ghazi (b. 1966).

neg: Abdellatif Filali Abdellatif Filali (Arabic: عبد اللطيف الفلالي  ; 26 January 1928 – 20 March 2009) was a Moroccan politician and diplomat under King Hassan II. Filali was known to have progressive views.

neg: Mustafa Fazıl Pasha Mustafa Fazıl Pasha (Arabic: مصطفى بهجت علي فاضل باشا  ; 22 February 1830 – 11 November 1875) was an Ottoman Egyptian prince belonging to the Muhammad Ali Dynasty founded by his grandfather Muhammad Ali Pasha.

neg: Abdullah bin Saad Abdullah bin Sa'ad bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (عبدالله بن سعد بن عبدالعزيز آل سعود) was born in Barcelona (23 January 1987) is a Saudi prince, as the seventh son of prince Saad bin Abdulaziz, his mother is the princess Noura bint Abdullatif Nadershah.

neg: Sharifa Ismail Princess Sharifa Ismail (1 January 1942 - 20 June 1964) was a member of Maldivian Royal Family. She was the eldest daughter of Prince Ismail Ali (Kokkoge Ismail) and Princess Aiminath Mohamed Didi (kaanlo) Both descendants of Dhiyamigili Dynasty.

neg: Prince Ra'ad bin Zeid Prince Ra'ad bin Zeid (Arabic: الأمير رعد بن زيد  ; born 18 February 1936) is the son of Prince Zeid of the Hashemite House and Princess Fahrelnissa Zeid (Fakhr un-nisa), a Turkish noblewoman. Upon the death of his father on October 18, 1970, he inherited the position as head of the Royal Houses of Iraq and Syria. Ra'ad has lived in London and Paris.

neg: Prince Feodor Alexandrovich of Russia Prince Feodor Alexandrovich of Russia (23 December 1898 – 30 November 1968) was the second son and third child of Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich of Russia and Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna of Russia. He was also a nephew of Nicholas II of Russia, the last Tsar.

neg: Shahnaz Pahlavi Princess Shahnaz Pahlavi (Persian: شاهدخت شهناز پهلوی  , born 27 October 1940) is the first child of the Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, and his first wife, Princess Fawzia of Egypt.

neg: Princess Laurentien of the Netherlands Princess Laurentien of the Netherlands (née "Petra Laurentien Brinkhorst"; born 25 May 1966) is the wife of Prince Constantijn and sister-in-law of King Willem-Alexander and Queen Máxima.

neg: Kitiyakara Voralaksana Kitiyakara Voralaksana, Prince of Chanthaburi I (Thai: กิติยากรวรลักษณ์ ; rtgs: Kitiyakonworalak ; 8 June 1874 – 27 May 1931) was a Prince of Siam, a member of the Siamese Royal Family (later Thailand). He originated the House of Kitiyakara (ราชสกุลกิติยากร ). His descendants use this royal surname. He is the paternal grandfather of Queen Sirikit, consort of King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX of Thailand).

neg: Crown Prince of Jordan The Crown Prince of Jordan is the heir to the throne of Jordan.

neg: Tunku Abdul Jalil Tunku Abdul Jalil Iskandar ibni Sultan Ibrahim Ismail (5 July 1990 – 5 December 2015) was the Tunku Laksamana of Johor from 2010 to 2015. He was born to a member of the Johor Royal Family (his paternal side of the family) and the Perak Royal Family (his maternal side of the family).

neg: Princess Christine Louise of Oettingen-Oettingen Christine Louise of Oettingen-Oettingen (20 March 1671 in Oettingen – 3 September 1747 in Blankenberg) was Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg. She was the maternal grandmother of Holy Roman Empress Maria Theresa, Queen Elisabeth Christine of Prussia, Queen Juliane Marie of Denmark and Norway and Tsar Peter II of Russia; the maternal great-grandmother of Queen Marie Antoinette of France, Tsar Ivan VI of Russia and Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld; the maternal great-great-grandmother of King Leopold I of Belgium and the maternal great-great-great-grandmother of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.

neg: Rahim Aga Khan Prince Rahim Aga Khan (Persian: رحیم آغا خان  ; born 12 October 1971) is the eldest son of Prince Karim Aga Khan and his first wife Princess Salimah Aga Khan.

neg: Mirza Jahan Shah Shahzada Mirza Muhammad Jahan Shah Bahadur (also known as Prince Mirza Jehan Shah) (1795–1846) was the son of Prince Mirza Akbar, who became the Emperor Akbar Shah II in 1807. He was a younger brother of Emperor Bahadur Shah II and former Crown Princes Mirza Jahangir and Mirza Salim. His mother Selaa'h un-nissa, was the third wife of the Emperor. He was the last Mughal ruler of Assam before Mughals left Assam. The Prince was under house arrest by British where he died at Assam at the age of 51.

neg: Princess Sophie of the Netherlands Princess Sophie of the Netherlands (Wilhelmine Marie Sophie Louise; 8 April 1824 – 23 March 1897) was the only daughter and last surviving child of King William II of the Netherlands and of his wife Grand Duchess Anna Pavlovna of Russia. She was heir presumptive to her niece, Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands, for seven years, from the death of her brother until her own death.

neg: Princess Zorka of Montenegro Princess Ljubica of Montenegro (Serbian: Љубица Петровић-Његош ; 23 December 1864 – 16 March 1890), later Princess Zorka Karađorđević in Serbia. She was better known as Queen Zorka of Serbia.

neg: Charles Spencer, 9th Earl Spencer Charles Edward Maurice Spencer, 9th Earl Spencer, (born 20 May 1964), styled Viscount Althorp between 1975 and 1992, is a British nobleman, peer, author, print journalist, and broadcaster, and was the younger brother of Diana, Princess of Wales. Through his sister, Spencer is the maternal uncle of Prince William, Duke of Cambridge and Prince Harry.

neg: Princess Lalla Amina of Morocco Lalla Amina (8 April 1954 – 16 August 2012) was a member of the Moroccan royal family and President of the Moroccan Royal Federation of Equestrian Sports.


query: Monetae cudendae ratio is a paper on coinage by which Renaissance- and Reformation-era mathematician and astronomer who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than the Earth at the center of the universe?

pos: Monetae cudendae ratio Monetae cudendae ratio (also spelled Monetæ cudendæ ratio; English: On the Minting of Coin or On the Striking of Coin; sometimes, Treatise on Money) is a paper on coinage by Nicolaus Copernicus (Polish: Mikołaj Kopernik). It was written in 1526 at the request of Sigismund I the Old, King of Poland, and presented to the Prussian Diet.

pos: Nicolaus Copernicus Nicolaus Copernicus ( ; Polish: "Mikołaj Kopernik" ; German: "Nikolaus Kopernikus; Niklas Koppernigk" ; 19 February 1473 – 24 May 1543) was a Renaissance- and Reformation-era mathematician and astronomer who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than the Earth at the center of the universe, likely independently of Aristarchus of Samos, who had formulated such a model some eighteen centuries earlier.

neg: Astronomer An astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who concentrates their studies on a specific question or field outside the scope of Earth. They look at stars, planets, moons, comets and galaxies, as well as many other celestial objects — either in observational astronomy, in analyzing the data or in theoretical astronomy. Examples of topics or fields astronomers work on include: planetary science, solar astronomy, the origin or evolution of stars, or the formation of galaxies. There are also related but distinct subjects like physical cosmology which studies the Universe as a whole.

neg: Newton's law of universal gravitation Newton's law of universal gravitation states that a particle attracts every other particle in the universe using a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers. This is a general physical law derived from empirical observations by what Isaac Newton called inductive reasoning. It is a part of classical mechanics and was formulated in Newton's work "Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica" ("the "Principia""), first published on 5 July 1687. (When Newton's book was presented in 1686 to the Royal Society, Robert Hooke made a claim that Newton had obtained the inverse square law from him; see the History section below.)

neg: Francesco Barozzi Francesco Barozzi (in Latin, "Franciscus Barocius") (9 August 1537 – 23 November 1604) was an Italian mathematician, astronomer and humanist.

neg: Vera Rubin Vera Cooper Rubin (July 23, 1928 – December 25, 2016) was an American astronomer who pioneered work on galaxy rotation rates. She uncovered the discrepancy between the predicted angular motion of galaxies and the observed motion, by studying galactic rotation curves. This phenomenon became known as the galaxy rotation problem, and was evidence of the existence of dark matter. Although initially met with skepticism, Rubin's results were confirmed over subsequent decades. Her legacy was described by "The New York Times" as "ushering in a Copernican-scale change" in cosmological theory.

neg: Faber–Jackson relation The Faber–Jackson relation is an early empirical power-law relation between the luminosity formula_1 and the central stellar velocity dispersion formula_2 of elliptical galaxies, first noted by the astronomers Sandra M. Faber and Robert Earl Jackson in 1976. The original relation can be expressed mathematically as:

neg: Helioseismology Helioseismology is the process of inferring the internal structure and kinematics of the Sun from the propagation of seismic waves, particularly acoustic waves (p waves) and surface gravity waves (f waves). It was developed by analogy to geoseismology (originally called simply seismology), and subsequently there emerged asteroseismology, in which seismic waves are analysed to constrain the internal structures of other stars. Because the Sun is fluid, to a first approximation it cannot support shear waves (s-waves), unlike the seismic waves on Earth. An exception is the magneto-acoustic waves which appear to be important only in the atmosphere. The helioseismic waves are generated by the turbulence in the convection zone immediately beneath the Sun's surface. Certain frequencies are amplified by constructive interference, leading to resonance. In other words, the turbulence "rings" the sun like a bell. The resonant waves are reflected near the photosphere, the visible surface of the sun, where they can be observed. The oscillations are detectable in almost any time series of solar images, but are best observed by measuring the Doppler shift of atmospheric absorption lines. Details of the propagation of the seismic waves through the Sun, inferred from the resonant frequencies, reveal the Sun's inner structure, allowing astrophysicists to develop an extremely detailed representation of the hydrostatic stratification and the internal angular velocity. That has permitted the evaluation of the quadrupole moment, formula_1, and higher-order moments of the Sun's external gravitational potential. It is a more accurate and more robust procedure than trying to infer it from the oblateness of the visible disc. Together with measurements of the orbits of Mercury and of spacecraft, the result is consistent with General Relativity.

neg: Cyclic model A cyclic model (or oscillating model) is any of several cosmological models in which the universe follows infinite, or indefinite, self-sustaining cycles. For example, the oscillating universe theory briefly considered by Albert Einstein in 1930 theorized a universe following an eternal series of oscillations, each beginning with a big bang and ending with a big crunch; in the interim, the universe would expand for a period of time before the gravitational attraction of matter causes it to collapse back in and undergo a bounce.

neg: Letters on Sunspots " Letters on Sunspots " ("Istoria e Dimostrazioni intorno alle Macchie Solari") was a pamphlet written by Galileo Galilei in 1612 and published in Rome by the Accademia dei Lincei in 1613. In it Galileo outlined his recent observation of dark spots on the face of the sun. His claims were significant in undermining the traditional Aristotelian view that the sun was both unflawed and unmoving. The third letter contains his first clear public statement of support for Copernicus.

neg: Johannes Fabricius Johann Goldsmid, better known by his Latinized name Johann(es) Fabricius (8 January 1587 – 19 March 1616), eldest son of David Fabricius (1564–1617), was a Frisian/German astronomer and a discoverer of sunspots (in 1610), independently of Galileo Galilei.

neg: Mathematics in medieval Islam Mathematics during the Golden Age of Islam, especially during the 9th and 10th centuries, was built on Greek mathematics (Euclid, Archimedes, Apollonius) and Indian mathematics (Aryabhata, Brahmagupta). Important progress was made, such as the full development of the decimal place-value system to include decimal fractions, the first systematised study of algebra (named for "The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing" by scholar Al-Khwarizmi), and advances in geometry and trigonometry.

neg: R. Catesby Taliaferro Robert Catesby Taliaferro (1907–1989) was an American mathematician, philosopher, and translator of ancient Greek and Latin works into English. An Episcopalian from an old Virginia family, he taught in the mathematics department of the University of Notre Dame. He translated Ptolemy's "Almagest", a 2nd-century book on astronomy, the 13 books of Euclid's "Elements", Apollonius' works on conic sections, and some works of Plato, and St. Augustine. He contributed a celebrated foreword to the Bollingen Series 1944 reprint of the Thomas Taylor translation of Plato's Timaeus and Critias. He also wrote a book titled "The concept of matter in Descartes and Leibniz" and one titled "Number systems, introduction to Euclid book V, and to the theory of limits".

neg: Paradox of value The paradox of value (also known as the diamond–water paradox) is the apparent contradiction that, although water is on the whole more useful, in terms of survival, than diamonds, diamonds command a higher price in the market. The philosopher Adam Smith is often considered to be the classic presenter of this paradox, although it had already appeared as early as Plato's "Euthydemus". Nicolaus Copernicus, John Locke, John Law and others had previously tried to explain the disparity.

neg: History of Mars observation The recorded history of Mars observation dates back to the era of the ancient Egyptian astronomers in the 2nd millennium BCE. Chinese records about the motions of Mars appeared before the founding of the Zhou Dynasty (1045 BCE). Detailed observations of the position of Mars were made by Babylonian astronomers who developed arithmetic techniques to predict the future position of the planet. The ancient Greek philosophers and Hellenistic astronomers developed a geocentric model to explain the planet's motions. Measurements of Mars' angular diameter can be found in ancient Greek and Indian texts. In the 16th century, Nicolaus Copernicus proposed a heliocentric model for the Solar System in which the planets follow circular orbits about the Sun. This was revised by Johannes Kepler, yielding an elliptic orbit for Mars that more accurately fitted the observational data.

neg: Thomas Cajetan Thomas Cajetan ( ; 20 February 1469 - 9 August 1534), ), also known as Gaetanus, commonly Tommaso de Vio or Thomas de Vio, was an Italian philosopher, theologian, cardinal (from 1517 until his death) and the Master of the Order of Preachers 1508-18. He was a leading theologian of his day who is now best known as the spokesman for Catholic opposition to the teachings of Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation while he was the Pope's Legate in Wittenberg, and perhaps also among Catholics for his extensive commentary on the "Summa Theologica" of Thomas Aquinas.

neg: Abraham Zelmanov Abraham Zelmanov (May 15, 1913 – February 2, 1987), was a prominent scientist working in the General Theory of Relativity and cosmology. He first constructed, in 1944, the complete mathematical method to calculate physical observable quantities in the General Theory of Relativity (the theory of chronometric invariants). Applying the mathematical apparatus, in the 1940s, he established the basics of the theory of inhomogeneous anisotropic universe, where he determined specific kinds of all cosmological models — scenarios of evolution — which could be theoretically conceivable for a truly inhomogeneous and anisotropic Universe in the framework of Einstein's theory.

neg: Daniel Bernoulli Daniel Bernoulli FRS ( ; ] ; 8 February 1700 – 17 March 1782) was a Swiss mathematician and physicist and was one of the many prominent mathematicians in the Bernoulli family. He is particularly remembered for his applications of mathematics to mechanics, especially fluid mechanics, and for his pioneering work in probability and statistics. His name is commemorated in the Bernoulli's principle, a particular example of the conservation of energy, which describes the mathematics of the mechanism underlying the operation of two important technologies of the 20th century: the carburetor and the airplane wing.

neg: Barycenter The barycenter (or barycentre; from the Ancient Greek βαρύς "heavy" + κέντρον "centre") is the center of mass of two or more bodies that are orbiting each other, which is the point around which they both orbit. It is an important concept in fields such as astronomy and astrophysics. The distance from a body's center of mass to the barycenter can be calculated as a simple two-body problem.

neg: On the Universe De mundo (Greek: Περὶ Κόσμου ), known in English as On the Universe, is the work of an unknown author who wrote under the name of Aristotle. Because of this, the author is referred to as a Pseudo-Aristotle. The date of the work is uncertain; it has been argued that it was composed before 250 BC or between 350 and 200 BC. It is found under the Bekker numbers 391–401. It should not be confused with "On the Heavens".

neg: Equant Equant (or punctum aequans) is a mathematical concept developed by Claudius Ptolemy in the 2nd century AD to account for the observed motion of the planets. The equant is used to explain the observed speed change in planetary orbit during different stages of the orbit. This planetary concept allowed Ptolemy to keep the theory of uniform circular motion alive by stating that the path of heavenly bodies was uniform around one point and circular around another point.

neg: Galileo's paradox Galileo's paradox is a demonstration of one of the surprising properties of infinite sets. The ideas were not new with him, but his name has come to be associated with them. In his final scientific work, "Two New Sciences", Galileo Galilei made apparently contradictory statements about the positive integers. First, some numbers are squares, while others are not; therefore, all the numbers, including both squares and non-squares, must be more numerous than just the squares. And yet, for every square there is exactly one positive number that is its square root, and for every number there is exactly one square; hence, there cannot be more of one than of the other. This is an early use, though not the first, of the idea of one-to-one correspondence in the context of infinite sets.


query: With the Patriots, D. J. Foster won an American football game that was played on Sunday, February 5, 2017, in what stadium?

pos: D. J. Foster D. J. Foster (born November 22, 1993) is an American football running back for the Arizona Cardinals of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Arizona State University. He signed with the New England Patriots as an undrafted free agent in 2016. With the Patriots, he won Super Bowl LI against the Atlanta Falcons.

pos: Super Bowl LI Super Bowl LI was an American football game played at NRG Stadium in Houston, Texas, on Sunday, February 5, 2017, to determine the champion of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2016 season. The American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots, after trailing by as many as 25 points (28-3) during the third quarter, defeated the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Atlanta Falcons, 34–28 in overtime. The Patriots' 25-point comeback is the largest comeback in Super Bowl history, and Super Bowl LI was the first to be decided in overtime.

neg: 2017 Mississippi State Bulldogs football team The 2017 Mississippi State Bulldogs football team represents Mississippi State University in the 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Bulldogs play their home games at Davis Wade Stadium in Starkville, Mississippi and compete in the Western Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). They are led by ninth-year head coach Dan Mullen.

neg: 2017 Indiana Hoosiers football team The 2017 Indiana Hoosiers football team represents Indiana University in the 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Hoosiers play their home games at Memorial Stadium in Bloomington, Indiana. Indiana competes as a member of the East Division of the Big Ten Conference. The team is led by first-year head coach Tom Allen.

neg: 1936 NFL Championship Game The 1936 NFL Championship Game was the fourth championship game played in the National Football League (NFL). It took place on December 13 at Polo Grounds in New York City, making it the first NFL title game held on a neutral field.

neg: 2017 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team The 2017 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team represents the University of Minnesota in the 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Gophers are led by first-year head coach P.J. Fleck and play their home games at TCF Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Minnesota competes as a member of the West Division of the Big Ten Conference.

neg: Super Bowl XXXI Super Bowl XXXI was an American football game between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Green Bay Packers to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1996 season. The Packers defeated the Patriots by the score of 35–21, earning their third overall Super Bowl victory, and their first since Super Bowl II. The Packers also extended their league record for the most overall NFL championships to 12. It was also the last in a run of 13 straight Super Bowl victories by the NFC over the AFC. The game was played on January 26, 1997 at the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans, Louisiana.

neg: 2017 Texas Tech Red Raiders football team The 2017 Texas Tech Red Raiders football team represents Texas Tech University in the 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Kliff Kingsbury leads the Red Raiders in his fifth season as the program's fifteenth head coach. The Red Raiders play their home games on the university's campus in Lubbock, Texas at Jones AT&T Stadium, and compete as members of the Big 12 Conference.

neg: 1950 NFL Championship Game The 1950 National Football League Championship Game was the 18th National Football League (NFL) title game, played on December 24 at Cleveland Stadium in Cleveland, Ohio.

neg: 2017 Southern Jaguars football team The 2017 Southern Jaguars football team will represent Southern University in the 2017 NCAA Division I FCS football season. The Jaguars are led by fifth-year head coach Dawson Odums and play their home games at Ace W. Mumford Stadium. The Jaguars compete as a member of the West Division of the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC) and were picked to finish second in the Western Division. Due to NCAA APR, the Jaguars are ineligible to participate in the SWAC Championship or the Celebration Bowl.

neg: 2016 Atlantic Coast Conference football season The 2016 Atlantic Coast Conference football season will be the 64th season of college football play for the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC). It will be played from September 2016 to January 2017. The Atlantic Coast Conference consists of 14 members in two divisions. The Atlantic Division consists of Boston College, Clemson, Florida State, Louisville, North Carolina State, Syracuse, and Wake Forest. The Coastal Division consists of Duke, Georgia Tech, Miami, North Carolina, Pittsburgh, Virginia, and Virginia Tech. The two division champions will meet on December 3 in the 2016 ACC Championship Game. The game was originally scheduled to be played at Bank of America Stadium in Charlotte, North Carolina, but on September 14 the conference announced that the game would be moved to a neutral venue outside of North Carolina due to the controversy surrounding the Public Facilities Privacy & Security Act (commonly known as House Bill 2, or HB2).

neg: 2017 ACC Championship Game The 2017 ACC Championship Game will be played on December 2, 2017. It will be the 13th annual ACC Football Conference Championship Game to determine the 2017 champion of the Atlantic Coast Conference. The game will be held at Bank of America Stadium in Charlotte, North Carolina.

neg: 2011–12 NFL playoffs The National Football League playoffs for the 2011 season began on January 7, 2012. The postseason tournament concluded with the New York Giants defeating the New England Patriots in Super Bowl XLVI, 21–17, on February 5, at Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis, Indiana.

neg: 1952 NFL Championship Game The National Football League championship game was the 20th annual championship game, held on December 28 at Cleveland Municipal Stadium in Cleveland, Ohio.

neg: 2017 Pac-12 Football Championship Game The 2017 Pac-12 Football Championship Game will be played on December 1, 2017 at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, California to determine the champion of the Pac-12 Conference in football for the 2017 season. It will be the seventh championship game in Pac-12 Conference history. The game will feature the South Division winner against the North Division Winner. The game will be televised nationally by ESPN.

neg: 2016 Orange Bowl The 2016 Orange Bowl was a college football bowl game played on December 30, 2016 at Hard Rock Stadium in Miami Gardens, Florida, played between the Michigan Wolverines of the Big Ten Conference against the Florida State Seminoles of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC).. It was one of the 2016–17 bowl games that concluded the 2016 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Florida State won the game by a score of 33–32. Dalvin Cook, running back for the Seminoles, was named the game's MVP.

neg: New England Patriots The New England Patriots are a professional American football team based in the Greater Boston region. The Patriots compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's American Football Conference (AFC) East division. The team plays its home games at Gillette Stadium in the town of Foxborough, Massachusetts, which is located 21 mi southwest of downtown Boston and 20 mi northeast of downtown Providence, Rhode Island. The Patriots are also headquartered at Gillette Stadium.

neg: Super Bowl Sunday Super Bowl Sunday is the day on which the Super Bowl, the annual championship for the National Football League, is played. It is usually on the last Sunday in January or the first Sunday in February and is sometimes referred to as an unofficial national holiday. The 51st annual event, Super Bowl LI, occurred on February 5, 2017. Festivities for Super Bowl Sunday typically involve groups of people gathering to watch the game. Both "Super Bowl Sunday" and "Super Sunday" are registered trademarks of the National Football League.

neg: 1994 Pro Bowl The 1994 Pro Bowl was the NFL's all-star game for the 1993 season. The game was played on February 6, 1994, at Aloha Stadium in Honolulu, Hawaii. The final Score was NFC 17, AFC 3. Andre Rison of the Atlanta Falcons was the game's MVP. This was also Joe Montana's last Pro Bowl appearance (coincidentally, the coaches for this game were from both teams that Montana played for in his career: Kansas City's Marty Schottenheimer and San Francisco's George Seifert). The referee was Gordon McCarter.

neg: Dana J. Dykhouse Stadium The Dana J. Dykhouse Stadium is an American football stadium in Brookings, South Dakota, United States, on the campus of South Dakota State University. It is the home venue of the South Dakota State Jackrabbits football team. The stadium, which was constructed in phases on the previous Coughlin-Alumni Stadium site, seats 19,340 spectators. The stadium was funded through private gifts and long-term revenue streams, including expanded club seats, loge boxes, and a premium suite level. Lead gifts totaling $12.5 million from Sioux Falls banker Dana Dykhouse and philanthropist T. Denny Sanford were announced in October 2013. The stadium opened in 2016

neg: Harvard Stadium Harvard Stadium is a U-shaped football stadium in the Allston neighborhood of Boston, in the United States. Built in 1903, it was a pioneering execution of reinforced concrete in the construction of large structures. Because of its early importance in these areas, and its influence on the design of later stadiums, it was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1987. The Stadium is owned and operated by Harvard University and is home to the Harvard Crimson football program. It was also home for the New England Patriots in the 1970 season, their first after the AFL–NFL merger, before the completion of Foxboro Stadium.

neg: 2017 American Athletic Conference football season The 2017 American Athletic Conference Football season is the 26th NCAA Division I FBS Football season of the American Athletic Conference (The American). The season is the fifth since the former Big East Conference dissolved and became the American Athletic Conference, and the fourth season with the College Football Playoff in place. The American is considered a member of the "Group of Five" (G5), meaning that the conference shares with the other G5 conferences one automatic spot in the New Year's Six bowl games. The conference game schedule for the 2017 season was released on February 9, 2017.


query: Are Electronic Products and The Wittenburg Door both magazines?

pos: Electronic Products Electronic Products is an electronic component and technology trade magazine serving the electronic design community.

pos: The Wittenburg Door The Wittenburg Door, sometimes known as simply The Door, was a Christian satire and humor magazine, published bimonthly by the non-profit Trinity Foundation based in Dallas, Texas. The magazine started publication in 1971 and ceased publication in 2008. The title was a reference to the Ninety-Five Theses written by Martin Luther in 1517 that he is believed to have posted on the door of the All Saints' Church in Wittenberg.

neg: Video (magazine) Video is a discontinued American consumer electronics magazine that was published from 1977 to 1999 by Reese Communications with a focus on video and audio devices. The magazine showcases new audiovisual products, analyzes current practices and trends in the field, and provides critical reviews of newly marketed products and equipment. During its early years, it competed fiercely with contemporary journals like "Video Review" and "Video Buyer's Review"—ultimately culminating in a 1980 trademark infringement suit over use of the term "Video Buyer's Guide". In March 1995, "Video" was acquired from Reese by Hachette Filipacchi, and in 1999 it was merged with their bi-monthly "Sound & Image" magazine to become "Sound & Vision".

neg: HUB Uitgevers HUB Uitgevers (HUB Publishers) was a Netherlands-based magazine publisher. HUB Uitgevers was founded in 1993 and has grown to be one of the leading IT publishers, with over 15 consumer titles, and a number of business-to-business magazines. More recently they ventured into the lifestyle segment publishing two women's and a men's magazine.

neg: TV Technology TV Technology is a trade journal covering the English speaking broadcast television industry in North America. The magazine is published every two weeks with additional issues in April and May. The magazine is published for television industries outside North America as "TV Technology Europe."

neg: PC Chip PC Chip is a monthly Croatian computer magazine. It is one of three general computer magazines published in Croatia, along with its main competitors "BUG" and "Vidi". The magazine is published by company A1 video d.o.o., which is also maintaining website pcchip.hr. The magazine has its headquarters in Zagreb and is also sold in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia, Serbia, but "digital sample" (pdf) is available to anybody with internet connection.

neg: Popular Electronics Popular Electronics was an American magazine started by Ziff-Davis Publishing Company in October 1954 for electronics hobbyists and experimenters. It soon became the "World's Largest-Selling Electronics Magazine". In April 1957 Ziff-Davis reported an average net paid circulation of 240,151 copies. "Popular Electronics" was published until October 1982 when, in November 1982, Ziff-Davis launched a successor magazine, Computers & Electronics. During its last year of publication by Ziff-Davis, "Popular Electronics" reported an average monthly circulation of 409,344 copies. The title was sold to Gernsback Publications, and their "Hands-On Electronics" magazine was renamed to "Popular Electronics" in February 1989, and published until December 1999.

neg: Processing Magazine Processing Magazine is a monthly trade magazine that covers process manufacturing. It serves manufacturers of food and kindred products, textiles, industrial chemicals, plastic materials, synthetic resins, petroleum, natural gas and pharmaceuticals. In June 2013, it had a circulation of 70,599 copies. It was established in 1987 by Putman Publishing Company and was acquired by Grand View Media Group in 2005. Grand View Media Group is a wholly owned subsidiary of EBSCO Industries, Inc. The magazine has its headquarters in Birmingham, Alabama.

neg: Aktueller Software Markt Aktueller Software Markt (literally "Current Software Market"), commonly known by its acronym, ASM, was a German multi-platform video game magazine that was published by Tronic Verlag from 1986 until 1995. It was one of the first magazines published in Germany focused on video games, though the very first issues of "ASM" covered the software market in general for almost all platforms at this time, hence the magazine's full name. According to the magazine itself, it was the first computer software journal in Germany. However, it soon evolved into a video game magazine.

neg: Auto motor und sport Auto motor und sport (ISSN 0005-0806  ), often abbreviated to AMS, is a leading German automobile magazine. It is published fortnightly by Motor Presse Netzwerk subsidiary Motor Presse Stuttgart, a specialist magazine publisher that is 59.9% owned by the publishing house Gruner + Jahr.

neg: Wireless Emporium Wireless Emporium, Inc. is a retailer of cell phone accessories and unlocked cell phones market, supplying manufacturer-direct products through e-commerce websites.

neg: Thomann (retailer) Musikhaus Thomann is a German-based retailer of musical instruments, studio, lighting, and pro-audio equipment. Thomann became widely known primarily due to its large online retail operation, Thomann Cyberstore. According to a 2014 article in the largest Upper Franconian newspaper based in Bavaria, the "Fränkischer Tag" , Musikhaus Thomann is the largest online retailer of its category of merchandise, worldwide. Hans Thomann, Sr., founded the company years ago (in 1954) as a family business in — part of the village of Burgebrach, in Bavaria, Germany — where the Musikhaus Thomann headquarters endures today (2017). And, as of 2017, the company is still family-owned.

neg: PC World PC World, stylized PCWorld, is a global computer magazine published monthly by IDG. Since 2013 it has been an online-only publication. It offers advice on various aspects of PCs and related items, the Internet, and other personal-technology products and services. In each publication, "PC World" reviews and tests hardware and software products from a variety of manufacturers, as well as other technology related devices such as still and video cameras, audio devices and televisions.

neg: EE Technologies Electronic Evolution Technologies, Inc. (EE Technologies, Inc / EET) is a multi-national electronic manufacturing services (EMS) company headquartered in Reno, Nevada. EET provides full electronic and mechanical box build assembly services and also specializes in circuit board assembly for the automotive, medical, RF/wireless, gaming, military, scientific educational, industrial and digital audio/video markets. The Company operates a global manufacturing network with operations in the Americas and Mexico, providing a broad range of integrated services and solutions to leading OEMs (original equipment manufacturers). EET was recently recognized as one of the top 20 Contract Manufacturers in the Western United States.

neg: Wortmann Wortmann AG is a German computer manufacturer, based in Hüllhorst, North Rhine-Westphalia. The main products are computers, notebooks and servers, as well as computer monitors and thin clients. The majority of their products are assembled in Germany and are marketed under their own brand, "Terra".

neg: Zeit Wissen Zeit Wissen is a bi-monthly popular science magazine published in Germany. The magazine is spun off from the German weekly newspaper "Die Zeit". The German phrase "Zeit Wissen" literally translates to "Time-Knowledge," and refers to the up-to-the-minute nature of the magazine's subject matter and focus.

neg: T3 (magazine) T3 magazine is a UK-based technology magazine, which specialises in gadgets, gizmos, and other technology.

neg: Linux Magazine Linux Magazine is an international magazine for Linux software enthusiasts and professionals. It is published by the Linux New Media division of the German media company Medialinx AG.

neg: Products Finishing Products Finishing (ISSN 0032-9940) is a monthly American trade magazine and web site focused on reporting on the use of organic and inorganic finishings and the technologies used to deliver them.

neg: Retrotronics Retrotronics (a portmanteau of "retro" and "electronics", also "retro-tronics") is the making of electric circuits or appliances using older electric components, such as vacuum tubes, Nixie displays, relays, uniselectors, analogue meters, etc. These are usually chosen more for their aesthetic qualities than performance.

neg: Auto Atlantic Auto Atlantic is an Atlantic Canada-based automotive industry magazine.

neg: Marketnews Magazine Marketnews Magazine, owned by Toronto-based Bomar Publishing Inc., is the trade magazine for the consumer electronics industry in Canada.


query: In what year was the home of the Real Sociedad built?

pos: Real Sociedad Real Sociedad de Fútbol, S.A.D., more commonly referred to as Real Sociedad (] ; "Royal Society") or La Real, is a Spanish football club based in the city of San Sebastián, Basque Country, founded on 7 September 1909. It plays its home matches at the 32,000-capacity Anoeta Stadium. Real Sociedad won the Liga title in 1980–81 and 1981–82, and last finished runners-up in 2002–03. The club has also won the Copa del Rey twice, in 1909 and 1987. It contests the Basque derby against rivals Athletic Bilbao. Real Sociedad were founder members of La Liga in 1928, and its longest spell in the top flight was for 40 seasons, from 1967 to 2007.

pos: Anoeta Stadium Anoeta is a multi-purpose stadium in San Sebastián, Basque Autonomous Community, Spain that was inaugurated in 1993.

neg: Navia CF Navia Club de Fútbol is a Spanish football team based in Navia, in the autonomous community of Asturias. Founded in 1960, it plays in 3ª – Group 2, holding home games at "Estadio El Pardo", which has a capacity of 500 spectators.

neg: Palacio de la Real Audiencia de Santiago The Palacio de la Real Audiencia de Santiago (English: "Royal Court Palace or Palace of the Boxes") is a building located in the north central village of the Plaza de Armas in Santiago, Chile. The building dates back to 1808 and houses, since 1982, the National History Museum of Chile.

neg: Ondarreta Stadium Ondarreta Stadium was a football stadium in San Sebastián, Spain. It was the home ground of Real Sociedad between 1909 and 1913 when it was replaced by Atotxa Stadium.

neg: Estadio Monumental "U" The Estadio Monumental ("Monumental Stadium"), is a football stadium in the district of Ate in Lima, Peru, home ground of the football Club Universitario de Deportes, which opened in 2000 to replace the Estadio Teodoro Lolo Fernandez. Designed by Progreso International and Gremco S.A., Uruguayan architect Walter Lavalleja Sarriés led the construction of the stadium. It is Peru’s largest stadium and also the largest in South America. It has a spectator-capacity of 80,093; 59,177 seated in the four stands and 20,916 in luxury box suites known as palcos. The stadium was built in accordance with FIFA’s manual of technical specifications for World Cup finals.

neg: Atlético Sanluqueño CF Atlético Sanluqueño Club de Fútbol is a Spanish football team based in Sanlúcar de Barrameda, Province of Cádiz, in the autonomous community of Andalusia. Founded in 1948, although its registration in official competitions took place in 1951. It plays in Segunda División B – Group 4, holding home games at "Estadio El Palmar", with a capacity of 5,000 seats.

neg: Estévez Palace The Estévez Palace (Spanish: Palacio Estévez) is a building situated in Plaza Independencia, Montevideo, Uruguay, designed in a combination of Doric and Colonial styles by Manoel de Castel in 1873. It has served as the working place of the President of Uruguay and has been eventually converted to a museum, housing artifacts and mementos of the Uruguayan presidency and its office holders.

neg: CD Acero Club Deportivo Acero is a Spanish football team based in Puerto de Sagunto, in the Valencian Community. Founded in 1919 it plays in Tercera División – Group 6, holding home games at "Estadio El Fornàs", which has a capacity of 3,000 spectators.

neg: CU Collado Villalba Club Unión Collado Villalba is a Spanish football club based in Collado Villalba, in the autonomous community of Madrid. Founded in 1972, it plays in Tercera División – Group 7, holding home games at "Ciudad Deportiva de Collado Villalba", which has a capacity of 1,000 spectators.

neg: Martínez Campos Martínez Campos was the home stadium of Racing de Madrid between 1918 and 1930. They played before in Campo de Hermosilla for 1 year, and in Campo de La Exposición for 3 years.

neg: El Capitolio El Capitolio, or National Capitol Building in Havana, Cuba, was the seat of government in Cuba until after the Cuban Revolution in 1959, and is now home to the Cuban Academy of Sciences. "El Capitolio" has a size of 681 by 300 ft. Its design is compared to that of the United States Capitol, but is not a replica of it. Completed in 1929, it was the tallest building in Havana until the 1950s and houses the world's third largest indoor statue.

neg: El Molinón Estadio El Molinón is an association football stadium in Gijón, Asturias, Spain. The stadium is the home ground of Real Sporting de Gijón.

neg: Gimnástica Segoviana CF Gimnástica Segoviana Club de Fútbol is a Spanish football team based in Segovia, the capital of the namesake province, in the autonomous community of Castile and León. Founded in 1928 as "Sociedad Deportiva Gimnástica Segoviana", it plays in Segunda División B – Group 1, holding home games at "Estadio La Albuera", which has a capacity of 6,000 spectators (5,326 in terrace areas and 674 in the tribunes).

neg: Silva SD Silva Sociedad Deportiva is a Spanish football team based in A Coruña, in the autonomous community of Galicia. Founded on 6 June 1940 it currently plays in Tercera División – Group 1, holding home games at "Campo de Fútbol Grela", which has a capacity of 3,000 spectators.

neg: Loja CD Loja Club Deportivo is a Spanish football team based in Loja, Granada, in the autonomous community of Andalusia. Founded in 1968 it currently plays in Tercera División, holding home matches at "Estadio Medina Lauxa", with a 1,250-seat capacity.

neg: Campo del Patronato Obrero Campo del Patronato Obrero was a multi-use stadium in Seville, Spain. It was initially used as the stadium of Real Betis. It was replaced by Estadio Benito Villamarín in 1927. The capacity of the stadium was 19,000 spectators.

neg: Puerto Real Puerto Real (] ) is a seaport in Andalusia, in the province of Cádiz. s of 2010 , it had a population 40,667.

neg: Casa Peralta Casa Peralta is a historic home located at 384 W. Estudillo Ave. in San Leandro, California. The home was built in 1901 by Ludovino Peralta and originally had a Colonial Revival design. The original design included Tuscan columns, modillions, and a dentillated cornice, features which remain a part of the home. After Ludovino died, the home passed to her sister Maria and later to her niece Hermania Peralta Dargie. In 1927, Hermania hired Captain Antonio Martin to redesign the house in the style of the Peralta family's estate in Spain. Martin's design added a formal garden with a fountain, a front porch with tiles depicting scenes from "Don Quixote", and a four-story tower.

neg: CD Villanueva Club Deportivo Villanueva was a Spanish football team based in Villanueva de Córdoba, in the autonomous community of Andalusia. Founded in 1951 and dissolved in June 2009, it held home matches at "Estadio San Miguel", with a capacity of 4,500 seats.

neg: Sporting de Gijón Real Sporting de Gijón S.A.D., commonly known as Sporting Gijón or simply Sporting, is a Spanish football club from Gijón, Asturias. Founded on 1 July 1905, it plays in Segunda División. Known as "Los Rojiblancos" because of their red and white striped jerseys, their home ground is El Molinón stadium, the oldest professional football ground in Spain, in use since at least 1908. Its name is often abbreviated to Real Sporting or just Sporting, although in an international context this can lead to confusion with Sporting Clube de Portugal. Its Asturian name is "Real Sporting de Xixón".

neg: Real Madrid (Puerto Rico) Real Madrid is a Puerto Rican soccer team, established in 2009. Its home base is Bayamon, Puerto Rico, and they play at the Juan Ramon Loubriel Stadium and they will play in the Puerto Rico Soccer League in 2010.


query: In what region of Nevada is the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Battlelab located?

pos: Indian Springs, Nevada Indian Springs is an unincorporated town and a census-designated place near Creech Air Force Base in northwestern Clark County, southwestern Nevada.

pos: Creech Air Force Base Creech Air Force Base ("Creech" colloq.) is a United States Air Force (USAF) command and control facility in Clark County, Nevada used "to engage in daily Overseas Contingency Operations …of remotely piloted aircraft systems which fly missions across the globe." In addition to an airport, the military installation has the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Battlelab, associated , and unmanned aerial vehicles of the type used in Afghanistan and Iraq. Creech is the aerial training site for the USAF Thunderbirds and "is one of two emergency divert airfields" for the Nevada Test and Training Range.

neg: Tonopah Test Range Tonopah Test Range (TTR), is a restricted military installation located about 30 mi southeast of Tonopah, Nevada. It is part of the northern fringe of the Nellis Range, measuring 625 sqmi . Tonopah Test Range is located about 70 mi northwest of Groom Dry Lake, the home of the Area 51 facility. Like the Groom Lake facility, Tonopah is a site of interest to conspiracy theorists, mostly for its use of experimental and classified aircraft. As such, it is not the focus of alien enthusiasts, unlike its neighbor. It is currently used for nuclear weapons stockpile reliability testing, research and development of fusing and firing systems, and testing nuclear weapon delivery systems. The airspace comprises restricted area R-4809 of the Nevada Test and Training Range and is often used for military training.

neg: Duckwater, Nevada Duckwater is an American village located in the central portion of the U.S. state of Nevada, in the Duckwater Valley at about the same latitude as Sacramento, California. It is in Nye County, at the eastern edge of the Duckwater Indian Reservation, near the Red Mountain Wilderness at the end of Nevada State Route 379. The city of Las Vegas is about 200 miles to the south-southeast.

neg: Rachel, Nevada Rachel is a census-designated place (CDP) in Lincoln County, Nevada, United States. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 54. As the closest habitation to the Nellis Air Force Range and Area 51, Rachel enjoys a modest celebrity, particularly among aviation enthusiasts and UFO hunters. North of the town is the Quinn Canyon Range, which has the ghost town of Adaven.

neg: Bristlecone Wilderness Bristlecone Wilderness is a 14095 acre wilderness area in White Pine County, in the U.S. state of Nevada. Located in the Egan Range approximately five miles west of the town of Mcgill, the Wilderness was created by the "White Pine County Conservation, Recreation and Development Act of 2006" and is administered by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management.

neg: Cheyenne Mountain Division The Cheyenne Mountain Division is the J36 branch within the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) and United States Northern Command's (USNORTHCOM) Operations Directorates, located in Colorado Springs, Colorado.

neg: Golden Valley, Nevada Golden Valley is a census-designated place (CDP) in Washoe County, Nevada, United States. The population was 1,556 at the 2010 census. It is a northern suburb of the city of Reno and is part of the Reno–Sparks Metropolitan Statistical Area. Prior to 2010 it was listed by the U.S. Census Bureau as part of the Lemmon Valley–Golden Valley CDP.

neg: Buena Vista Valley The Buena Vista Valley is an approximately 40 mi long valley located in central-east Pershing County, Nevada. Unionville, Nevada lies at its northwest, at the foothills of the Humboldt Range.

neg: List of cities in Nevada Nevada is a state located in the Western United States. According to the 2010 United States Census, it is the 36th most populous state, with inhabitants, but the 7th largest by land area spanning 109781.18 sqmi . Nevada is divided into 17 counties and contains 19 incorporated municipalities. Nevada's incorporated municipalities cover only % of the state's land mass but are home to % of its population.

neg: Lake Mead National Recreation Area Lake Mead National Recreation Area is a U.S. National Recreation Area located in southeastern Nevada and northwestern Arizona. Operated by the National Park Service, Lake Mead NRA follows the Colorado River corridor from the westernmost boundary of Grand Canyon National Park to just north of the cities of Laughlin, Nevada and Bullhead City, Arizona. It includes all of the eponymous Lake Mead as well as the smaller Lake Mohave – reservoirs on the river created by Hoover Dam and Davis Dam, respectively – and the surrounding desert terrain and wilderness.

neg: Marine Corps Logistics Base Barstow Marine Corps Logistics Base Barstow is a United States Marine Corps supply and maintenance installation located in the Mojave Desert east of Barstow, in San Bernardino County, Southern California.

neg: National Atomic Testing Museum The National Atomic Testing Museum in Las Vegas, Nevada, documents the history of nuclear testing at the Nevada Test Site (NTS) in the desert north of Las Vegas. The museum operates as an affiliate of the Smithsonian Institution.

neg: Lake Tahoe – Nevada State Park Lake Tahoe–Nevada State Park is a state park of Nevada, United States, on the northeast shores of Lake Tahoe. The park comprises six management units which total 14301 acre . The park is in the Western Nevada Region of Nevada State Parks. It includes the Marlette Lake Water System which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and as a Historic Civil Engineering Landmark.

neg: Gabbs Airport Gabbs Airport (IATA: GAB, ICAO: KGAB, FAA LID: GAB) is a county-owned public-use airport located four nautical miles (7 km) northwest of the central business district of Gabbs, a city in Nye County, Nevada, United States.

neg: 433d Weapons Squadron The 433d Weapons Squadron is a United States Air Force unit, assigned to the USAF Weapons School at Nellis AFB, Nevada.

neg: Nevada Test and Training Range The Nevada Test and Training Range (NTTR) is one of two military training areas used by the United States Air Force Warfare Center at Nellis Air Force Base in Nevada. The NTTR land area includes a "simulated Integrated Air Defense System", several individual ranges with 1200 targets, and 4 remote communication sites. The current NTTR area and the range's former areas have been used for aerial gunnery and bombing, for nuclear tests, as a proving ground and flight test area, for aircraft control and warning, and for Blue Flag, Green Flag, and Red Flag exercises.

neg: Red Rock Canyon National Conservation Area The Red Rock Canyon National Conservation Area in Nevada is an area managed by the Bureau of Land Management as part of its National Landscape Conservation System, and protected as a National Conservation Area. It is located about 15 mi west of Las Vegas, and is easily seen from the Las Vegas Strip. The area is visited by more than two million people each year.

neg: Owyhee, Nevada Owyhee is a census-designated place (CDP) in Elko County, Nevada, United States, along the banks of the Owyhee River. The population was 953 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Elko Micropolitan Statistical Area. It is the primary town of the federally recognized Shoshone-Paiute tribe's Duck Valley Indian Reservation, which covers portions of northern Nevada and southern Idaho, and the majority of its population are Native American.

neg: Nevada Wing Civil Air Patrol The Nevada Wing of the Civil Air Patrol (CAP) is the highest echelon of Civil Air Patrol in the state of Nevada. Nevada Wing headquarters are located in Sparks, Nevada. The Nevada Wing consists of nearly 800 cadet and adult members at over locations across the state of Nevada.

neg: 57th Adversary Tactics Group The 57th Adversary Tactics Group (57 ATG) is the flying component of the 57th Wing, assigned to the United States Air Force Air Combat Command. The group is stationed at Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada.

neg: KQRT KQRT (105.1 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a Regional Mexican format. Licensed to Las Vegas, Nevada, United States, the station serves the Las Vegas area. The station is currently owned by Entravision Holdings, LLC. Its studios are in the unincorporated community of Paradise in Clark County near McCarran International Airport and its transmitter is on the northwest edge of the Las Vegas Valley.