query: The town where painter Henry Augustus Loop died is located in what Metropolitan Statistical Area?

pos: Henry Augustus Loop Henry Augustus Loop (1831–1895) was an American painter. A native of Hillsdale, New York who was educated in Great Barrington, Massachusetts, he studied with Henry Peters Gray in New York and Thomas Couture in Paris. He became an associate of the National Academy of Design in 1859, and was elevated to full membership two years later. Among his pupils was Jeanette Shepperd Harrison, who became his wife in 1864; their daughter Edith also became a painter. He died in Lake George, New York.

pos: Lake George, New York Lake George is a town in Warren County, New York, United States. The population was 3,578 at the 2000 census. The town is named after the lake, Lake George. Within the town is a village also named Lake George. The town is part of the Glens Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area.

neg: Benjamin Franklin Reinhart Benjamin Franklin Reinhart (1829 – May 3, 1885) was an American painter born near Waynesburg, Pennsylvania, known for his genre, historical, and portrait paintings. From 1847 to 1850 he studied at the National Academy of Design in New York, spending his summers in Hayesville, Ohio. He studied art abroad in Rome, Paris and Düsseldorf for three years (1850 to 1853), traveling throughout the American midwest upon his return producing historical paintings and portraits. From 1859 to 1861 he worked in New Orleans, Louisiana, and then spent his time in London, England, during the American Civil War where he became known for his genre and religious paintings. In the late 1860s he returned to the United States where he lived in Kentucky, spending the following decade living in New York City where he held several exhibits at The National Academy. He died in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1885. Reinhart was also the uncle of artist Charles Stanley Reinhart.

neg: Massapequa Park, New York Massapequa Park is a village and hamlet located within the town of Oyster Bay in Nassau County, New York, United States. Areas south and east of the village borders are considered the hamlet of Massapequa Park because they are under the jurisdiction of the Town of Oyster Bay rather than the village. The hamlet shares the same zip code, fire department and school district as the village. The population was 17,008 at the 2010 census.

neg: Dallas Dallas ( ) is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the most populous city in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex, which is the fourth most populous metropolitan area in the United States. The city's population ranks ninth in the U.S. and third in Texas after Houston and San Antonio. The city's prominence arose from its historical importance as a center for the oil and cotton industries, and its position along numerous railroad lines. The bulk of the city is in Dallas County, of which it is the county seat; however, sections of the city are located in Collin, Denton, Kaufman, and Rockwall counties. According to the 2010 United States Census, the city had a population of 1,197,816. The United States Census Bureau's estimate for the city's population increased to 1,317,929 as of July 1, 2016.

neg: Revere, Massachusetts Revere is a city in Suffolk County, Massachusetts, United States, located approximately 5 mi from downtown Boston. It is named after the American Revolutionary War patriot Paul Revere. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city has a population of 51,755 inhabitants.

neg: Casco, Maine Casco is a town in Cumberland County, Maine, United States. The population was 3,742 at the 2010 census. Casco includes the villages of Casco, South Casco and Cook Mills. The town borders the east shore of Sebago Lake, and is home to part of Sebago Lake State Park. Casco is part of the Portland–South Portland–Biddeford, Maine metropolitan statistical area. Casco is just under 30 mi from downtown Portland.

neg: Framingham, Massachusetts Framingham is a town in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States. Incorporated in 1700, it is located within Middlesex County and the MetroWest subregion of the Greater Boston metropolitan area. The town proper covers 25 mi2 with an estimated population of 68,318 in 2010, making it the 14th most populous municipality in Massachusetts. Residents voted in favor of adopting a charter to transition from a representative town meeting system to a mayor–council government in April 2017, and will transition to city status on January 1, 2018.

neg: Buffalo–Niagara Falls metropolitan area The Buffalo-Niagara Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area is a metropolitan area, designated by the United States Census Bureau, encompassing two counties – Erie and Niagara – in Western New York, with a population, as of the 2010 census, of 1,135,509 inhabitants. It is the second-largest metropolitan area in the state of New York, centering on the urbanized area of Buffalo.

neg: Wellfleet, Massachusetts Wellfleet is a town in Barnstable County, Massachusetts, United States, and is located halfway between the "tip" and "elbow" of Cape Cod. The town had a population of 2,750 at the 2010 census, which swells nearly sixfold during the summer. A total of 70% of the town's land area is in protection, and nearly half of it is part of the Cape Cod National Seashore. Wellfleet is famous for its eponymous oysters, which are celebrated in the annual October Wellfleet OysterFest.

neg: Houston Houston ( ) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Texas and the fourth-most populous city in the United States. With a census-estimated 2016 population of 2.303 million within an area of 667 sqmi , it is also the largest city in the southern United States and the seat of Harris County. Located in Southeast Texas near the Gulf of Mexico, it is the principal city of the Greater Houston metro area, which is the fifth-most populated MSA in the United States.

neg: Williamsburg, Massachusetts Williamsburg is a town in Hampshire County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 2,482 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Springfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area.

neg: Ithaca (town), New York Ithaca is a town in Tompkins County, New York, United States. The town's population was 19,930 at the 2010 census. The town is in the central part of the county, in the Finger Lakes–Southern Tier region of New York, and is part of the Ithaca Metropolitan Statistical Area. The Town of Ithaca is a horseshoe-shaped portion of the metropolitan area of Ithaca, New York, surrounding the City of Ithaca and being the city's only border.

neg: Millis, Massachusetts Millis is a town in Norfolk County in the U.S. state of Massachusetts. It is a small town with a population of 7,891 according to the 2010 census. The town is approximately 19 mi southwest of downtown Boston and is bordered by Norfolk, Sherborn, Holliston, Medfield, and Medway. Massachusetts state routes 109 and 115 run through Millis.

neg: Dick Wray Richard "Dick" Wray (December 5, 1933 - January 9, 2011) was an American abstract expressionist painter whose work had an influence on the art scene in Houston, Texas. After an art career spanning over 50 years, he died at age 77 of liver disease. His work continues to be showcased by art institutions and organizations across Houston, including the William Reaves Gallery, and is listed on the official website for the National Gallery of Art.

neg: Millville, Massachusetts Millville is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 3,190 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Providence metropolitan area.

neg: Dover, New Hampshire Dover is a city in Strafford County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 29,987 at the 2010 census, the largest in the New Hampshire Seacoast region. The population was estimated at 31,153 in 2016. It is the county seat of Strafford County, and home to Wentworth-Douglass Hospital, the Woodman Institute Museum, and the Children's Museum of New Hampshire.

neg: East Islip, New York East Islip is a hamlet and CDP in the Town of Islip, Suffolk County, New York, United States. At the time of the 2010 census, the CDP had a population of 14,475.

neg: Jacob Glushakow Jacob Glushakow (1914 – October 12, 2000) was an American painter known for his keen observations of life in the city of Baltimore, Maryland, United States.

neg: Red Hook, New York Red Hook is a town in Dutchess County, New York, United States. The population was 11,319 at the 2010 census. The name is supposedly derived from the red foliage on trees on a small strip of land on the Hudson River. The town contains two villages, Red Hook and Tivoli. The town is in the northwest part of Dutchess County. U.S. Route 9 and State Route 9G pass through the town.

neg: North Loop, Minneapolis The North Loop is a neighborhood of the Central community of Minneapolis, Minnesota. The neighborhood is commonly known as the Warehouse District from the city's shipping hub years. It includes the Minneapolis Warehouse Historic District which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The North Loop is located just northwest of the central business district between downtown Minneapolis and the Mississippi River. Streets in the North Loop are oriented to be parallel to the river, which means that they run at a 45-degree angle relative to the grid of the rest of the city.

neg: Loop (Texarkana) The Loop is a beltway around Texarkana, TX and Texarkana, AR, twin cities in the U.S. states of Arkansas and Texas, running about 16 miles (26 km). Consisting a section of Interstate 49 in Arkansas, and Loop 151 and a section of I-369 and U.S. Highway 59 in Texas, it forms a three-quarter loop around the east, south and west sides of the city. (Interstate 30 completes the circle on the north side.) The Loop is built to Interstate Freeway Standards.


query: Who was the second wife Sigismund I the Old, the King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania and mother of Anna Jagiellon?

pos: Anna Jagiellon Anna Jagiellon (Polish: "Anna Jagiellonka" , Lithuanian: "Ona Jogailaitė" ; 18 October 1523 – 12 November 1596) was Queen of Poland and Grand Duchess of Lithuania in her own right from 1575 to 1586. She was a daughter of Polish King Sigismund I the Old and his Italian wife Bona Sforza. Despite multiple proposals, she remained unmarried until the age of 52. After the death of King Sigismund II Augustus, her brother and the last male member of the Jagiellon dynasty, Anna's hand was sought by pretenders to the Polish–Lithuanian throne to maintain the dynastic tradition. She was elected, along with her then-fiancé Stephen Báthory, as co-ruler in the 1576 royal election of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Their marriage was a formal arrangement and distant. Báthory was preoccupied with the Livonian War, while Anna spent her time in Warsaw on local administrative matters and several construction works. After Báthory's death in December 1586, she had an opportunity to claim the throne for herself (she was co-ruler and not merely a consort), but did not even attempt it. Instead, she promoted her nephew Sigismund III Vasa, establishing House of Vasa on the Polish–Lithuanian throne for the next eighty years (1587–1668).

pos: Bona Sforza Bona Sforza (2 February 1494 – 19 November 1557) was a member of the powerful House of Sforza, which ruled the Duchy of Milan since 1447. In 1518, she became the second wife of Sigismund I the Old, the King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania. Their marriage lasted 30 years until Sigismund's death in 1548. Ambitious and energetic, Bona became heavily involved in the political life of Poland–Lithuania. To increase state revenue, she implemented various economic and agricultural reforms, including the far-reaching Wallach Reform in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Her reforms made her the richest landowner in the Grand Duchy. In foreign policy, she opposed the Habsburgs and sought to secure her eldest daughter Isabella Jagiellon in the Kingdom of Hungary.

neg: Anna of Mecklenburg Anna of Mecklenburg (14 October 15334 July 1602), was a Duchess consort of Courland. She was the daughter of Albrecht VII, Duke of Mecklenburg and Anna of Brandenburg. Anna is the first woman in Livonia, whose life story is entirely historically confirmed.

neg: Anna of Cilli Anna of Cilli or Anne of Celje (  1381 – 21 May 1416) was Queen consort of Poland (1402–1416). She was the second wife of Jogaila (Władysław II Jagiełło), King of Poland and Supreme Duke of Lithuania (reigned 1387–1434). Their marriage was politically motivated to strengthen Jogaila's ties with the Piast dynasty and his claims to the Polish throne. Their marriage was rather distant and during fourteen years Anna bore only one daughter, Hedwig Jagiellon, who died without issue.

neg: Joanna of Bavaria Joanna of Bavaria (c. 1362 – 31 December 1386), a member of the House of Wittelsbach, was German queen from 1376 and Queen of Bohemia from 1378 until her death, by her marriage with the Luxembourg king Wenceslaus.

neg: Anna of Oldenburg Anna of Oldenburg (14 November 1501 in Oldenburg – 24 September 1575 in Emden) was a Countess consort of East Frisia as the spouse of Count Enno II of East Frisia. She was the Regent of East Frisia in 1540/42–1561 as the guardian for her minor sons. Her reign lasted until 1561 and was generally supported by the Estates. Her chief advisor was her brother, count Christopher of Oldenburg. When she died in 1575, it was exactly 35 years after her own husband's death.

neg: Maria Aurora von Königsmarck Countess Maria Aurora von Königsmarck (sv: "Aurora Königsmarck") (28 August 1662 – 16 February 1728) was a Swedish and German noblewoman of Brandenburg extraction and mistress of Augustus the Strong, Elector of Saxony and King of Poland.

neg: Barbara Jagiellon Barbara Jagiellon (15 July 1478 – 15 February 1534), was a Polish princess member of the Jagiellonian dynasty and by marriage Duchess of Saxony.

neg: Morta Morta (died c. 1263) was wife of Mindaugas, the first known ruler of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. She was the Grand Duchess of Lithuania (until 1253) and later Queen consort of Lithuania (1253–1262). Very little is known about her life. Probably, Morta was Mindaugas' second wife as Vaišvilkas, the eldest son of Mindaugas, was already a mature man active in international politics when Morta's sons were still young and dependent on the parents. After her death, Mindaugas married her sister, the wife of Daumantas. In revenge, Daumantas allied with Treniota and assassinated Mindaugas and two of Morta's sons in 1263.

neg: Anna of Sagan Anna of Sagan (Polish: "Anna żagańska", Czech: "Anna Zaháňská", also "Hlohovsko-Zaháňská" or "Zaháňsko-Hlohovská") was the last surviving member of the Hlohovsko-Zaháňský branch of the Silesian Piasts family, and by marriage duchess of Münsterberg and Oels.

neg: Richeza of Sweden, Duchess of Poland Richeza of Sweden (Swedish: Rikissa Valdemarsdotter , Polish: Ryksa szwedzka, Ryksa Waldemarówna ; b. between 1265 and 1270 – d. before 1292), was a Swedish princess member of the House of Bjelbo and by marriage Duchess of Greater Poland during 1285-1292 and High Duchess consort of Poland during 1290-1291.

neg: Gustav of Saxe-Lauenburg Gustav of Saxe-Lauenburg (31 August 1570 (?) – 11 November 1597) was the eldest son of Magnus II, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg and Sophia of Sweden, the daughter of King Gustav I of Sweden.

neg: Kunigunde of Poland Kunigunde of Poland (c. 1298 – 9 April 1331) was a daughter of Władysław I the Elbow-high and his wife Jadwiga of Greater Poland. Her siblings included, Casimir III of Poland and Elisabeth, Queen of Hungary. She was a member of the House of Piast.

neg: Judith of Poland Judith of Poland (Polish: Judyta Bolesławówna , Hungarian: Judit lengyel hercegnő , German: Judith von Polen ; b. 1130/35 – died 8 July 1171/75), was a Polish princess member of the House of Piast and by marriage Margravine of Brandenburg.

neg: Elizabeth of Poland, Queen of Hungary Elizabeth of Poland (Polish: Elżbieta Łokietkówna) (1305 – 29 December 1380) was Queen consort of Hungary and regent of Poland.

neg: Princess Cecilia of Sweden Cecilia of Sweden, (Swedish: "Cecilia Gustavsdotter Vasa") (16 November 1540 in Stockholm – 27 January 1627 in Brussels), was Princess of Sweden as the daughter of King Gustav I and his second queen, Margaret Leijonhufvud, and Margravine of Baden-Rodemachern through marriage with Christopher II, Margrave of Baden-Rodemachern. She is the most famous of the daughters of Gustav Vasa, known for a courtship scandal in connection with a sister's wedding and for a lengthy stay in England under Elizabeth I where her first child was born.

neg: Anna Aloysia Maximiliane von Lamberg Anna Aloysia "Maximiliane" Louise von Lamberg (? - died 28 June 1738) was an Austrian countess who was successively the mistress of Augustus II the Strong, King of Poland, and Aleksander Benedykt Sobieski. She is known to history as Countess Esterle.

neg: Catherine Opalińska Catherine Opalińska (Polish: "Katarzyna Opalińska" ; 13 October 1680 – 19 March 1747) was Queen consort of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth twice and Duchess consort of Lorraine through her marriage with Stanisław I of Poland.

neg: Anna Katarzyna Sanguszko Princess Anna Katarzyna Sanguszko (Lithuanian: "Ana Kotryna Sanguškaitė" ) (1676–1746) was a Polish–Lithuanian noblewoman.

neg: Margaret I of Denmark Margaret I (Danish: "Margrete Valdemarsdatter" , Norwegian: "Margrete Valdemarsdatter" , Swedish: "Margareta Valdemarsdotter" , Icelandic: "Margrét Valdimarsdóttir" ; 1353 – 28 October 1412), was queen consort of Norway 1363-1380 and Sweden 1363-1364, and later ruler in her own right of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, from which later period there are ambiguities regarding her specific titles. She was the founder of the Kalmar Union, which spanned Scandinavia for over a century. Margaret was known as a wise, energetic and capable leader, earning the nickname "Semiramis of the North", or "the Lady King". Though the latter was a derisive nickname invented by her rival Albert of Mecklenburg, it became widely used in recognition of her capabilities.

neg: Maria of Vitebsk Maria of Vitebsk (died before 1349) was the first wife of Algirdas, future Grand Duke of Lithuania (marriage took place around 1318). Very little is known about her life. The only child of a Russian prince Yaroslav, Maria was the only heir to the Principality of Vitebsk. After her father's death ca. 1345, Vitebsk fell permanently under control of Algirdas and other Gediminids. Maria gave birth to five sons, all of whom grew up while Algirdas was still only a regional duke in Slavic lands of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. All five sons were baptized in Orthodox rite and ruled Russian lands giving rise to prominent clans of Russian dukes (Trubetskoy family from Demetrius I Starshy, Czartoryski family from Constantine, Sanguszko family from Fiodor, Belsky and Olelkovich families from Valdimir). After Maria's death, Algirdas married another Russian princess, Uliana of Tver. After Algirdas' death, eldest sons of Maria and Uliana battled over succession rights.

neg: Anna of Saxony (1567–1613) Anna of Saxony (16 November 1567 - 27 January 1613), was a German noblewoman member of the House of Wettin (Albertine branch) and by marriage Duchess of Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach.


query: What was the population of the town in New Jersey that Peter Gadol was born in?

pos: Peter Gadol Peter Gadol is an American author. Gadol was born on April 15, 1964 and grew up in Westfield, New Jersey. He received an A.B. "magna cum laude" in English and American Literature from Harvard College in 1986. While at Harvard, he studied writing with Seamus Heaney, wrote a thesis on Wallace Stevens under the supervision of Helen Vendler, edited the literary magazine "The Harvard Advocate", and was for two years a fiction intern at "The Atlantic".

pos: Westfield, New Jersey Westfield is a town in Union County of New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the town's population was 30,316, reflecting an increase of 672 (+2.3%) from the 29,644 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 774 (+2.7%) from the 28,870 counted in the 1990 Census. According to a 2014 nationwide survey, Westfield is considered to be the 30th-safest city to live in the United States.

neg: Garwood, New Jersey Garwood is a borough in Union County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the borough's population was 4,226, reflecting an increase of 73 (+1.8%) from the 4,153 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn declined by 74 (-1.8%) from the 4,227 counted in the 1990 Census.

neg: Cresskill, New Jersey Cresskill is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the borough's population was 8,573, reflecting an increase of 827 (+10.7%) from the 7,746 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 188 (+2.5%) from the 7,558 counted in the 1990 Census. This town got its name from "Cress", referring to the watercress which grew in its streams, and "Kill", referring to the stream passing through.

neg: Hightstown, New Jersey Hightstown is a borough in Mercer County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the borough's population was 5,494, reflecting an increase of 278 (+5.3%) from the 5,216 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 90 (+1.8%) from the 5,126 counted in the 1990 Census.

neg: Groveville, New Jersey Groveville is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located within Hamilton Township, in Mercer County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the CDP's population was 2,945. Before the 2010 Census, the area was part of the Yardville-Groville CDP, which was split into two CDPs, Yardville and Groveville.

neg: Ho-Ho-Kus, New Jersey Ho-Ho-Kus ( , ) is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 census, the borough's population was 4,078, reflecting an increase of 18 (+0.4%) from the 4,060 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 125 (+3.2%) from the 3,935 counted in the 1990 Census. The borough is the home of several historical landmarks, including the Ho-Ho-Kus Inn and The Hermitage.

neg: Asbury Park, New Jersey Asbury Park is a city in Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States, located on the Jersey Shore and part of the New York City Metropolitan Area. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city's population was 16,116, reflecting a decline of 814 (−4.8%) from the 16,930 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 131 (+0.8%) from the 16,799 counted in the 1990 Census.

neg: Metuchen, New Jersey Metuchen ( ) is a borough in Middlesex County, New Jersey, United States, which is 5 mi northeast of New Brunswick, 13 mi southwest of Newark, 17 mi southwest of Jersey City, and 21 mi southwest of Manhattan, all part of the New York metropolitan area. As of the 2010 United States Census, the borough's population was 13,574, reflecting an increase of 734 (+5.7%) from the 12,840 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 36 (+0.3%) from the 12,804 counted in the 1990 Census.

neg: Lakehurst, New Jersey Lakehurst is a borough in Ocean County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the borough's population was 2,654, reflecting an increase of 132 (+5.2%) from the 2,522 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn declined by 556 (-18.1%) from the 3,078 counted in the 1990 Census.

neg: Cape May, New Jersey Cape May is a city at the southern tip of Cape May Peninsula in Cape May County, New Jersey, where the Delaware Bay meets the Atlantic Ocean. One of the country's oldest vacation resort destinations, it is part of the Ocean City Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city had a year-round population of 3,607, reflecting a decline of 427 (-10.6%) from the 4,034 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn declined by 634 (-13.6%) from the 4,668 counted in the 1990 Census. In the summer, Cape May's population is expanded by as many as 40,000 to 50,000 visitors. The entire city of Cape May is designated the Cape May Historic District, a National Historic Landmark due to its concentration of Victorian buildings.

neg: Annandale, New Jersey Annandale is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located within Clinton Township, in Hunterdon County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the CDP's population was 1,695.

neg: Millville, New Jersey Millville is a city in Cumberland County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city's population was 28,400, reflecting an increase of 1,553 (+5.8%) from the 26,847 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 855 (+3.3%) from the 25,992 counted in the 1990 Census. Millville, Bridgeton and Vineland are the three principal New Jersey cities of the Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton Primary Metropolitan Statistical Area which encompasses those cities and all of Cumberland County for statistical purposes.

neg: Pompton Lakes, New Jersey Pompton Lakes is a borough in Passaic County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the borough's population was 11,097, reflecting an increase of 457 (+4.3%) from the 10,640 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 101 (+1.0%) from the 10,539 counted in the 1990 Census.

neg: Piscataway, New Jersey Piscataway is a township in Middlesex County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the township's population was 56,044, reflecting an increase of 5,562 (+11.0%) from the 50,482 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 3,393 (+7.2%) from the 47,089 counted in 1990.

neg: New London, New Hampshire New London is a town in Merrimack County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 4,397 at the 2010 census.

neg: Cherry Hill, New Jersey Cherry Hill is a township in Camden County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the township had a population of 71,045, reflecting an increase of 1,080 (+1.5%) from the 69,965 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 617 (+0.9%) from the 69,348 counted in the 1990 Census. As of 2010, the township was the state's 15th most-populous municipality and the second-largest in Camden County (behind the city of Camden, the county seat), after having been the state's 13th most-populous municipality as of the 2000 Census.

neg: Kinnelon, New Jersey Kinnelon is a borough in Morris County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the borough's population was 10,248, reflecting an increase of 883 (+9.4%) from the 9,365 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 895 (+10.6%) from the 8,470 counted in the 1990 Census. It is a low-density, suburban community, with many parks and trails.

neg: Laurel Springs, New Jersey Laurel Springs is a borough in Camden County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the borough's population was 1,908, reflecting a decline of 62 (-3.1%) from the 1,970 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn declined by 371 (-15.8%) from the 2,341 counted in the 1990 Census.

neg: Closter, New Jersey Closter ( ) is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the borough's population was 8,373, reflecting a decline of 10 (-0.1%) from the 8,383 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 289 (+3.6%) from the 8,094 counted in the 1990 Census.

neg: Princeton Meadows, New Jersey Princeton Meadows is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located within Plainsboro Township, in Middlesex County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the CDP's population was 13,834.

neg: Bordentown, New Jersey Bordentown is a city in Burlington County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city's population was 3,924. The population declined by 45 (-1.1%) from the 3,969 counted in the 2000 U.S. Census, which had in turn declined by 372 (-8.6%) from the 4,341 counted in the 1990 Census.


query: Rebel Eats was produced by the chef from what state?

pos: Rebel Eats Rebel Eats is an American television pilot that aired on Food Network in 2013. The show was produced by Justin Warner.

pos: Justin Warner Justin M. Warner (born in Hagerstown, Maryland) is an American chef. He is perhaps best known as the winner of the eighth season of the Food Network series "Food Network Star". He is the author of "The Laws of Cooking: And How to Break Them" (2015).

neg: Robert Irvine Robert Paul Irvine (born 24 September 1965) is an English celebrity chef who has appeared on and hosted a variety of Food Network programs including "", "Worst Cooks in America", "", "A Hero's Welcome, Operation Restaurant, All-Star Academy, Guy's Grocery Games, Chopped: Impossible" and "Restaurant Express".

neg: Terry French (chef) Terry French, known as the "Rebel Chef' is an American chef, recognized as winner of Season 2 of Food Network's "Extreme Chef" television show, and charity organization Chefs For Life.

neg: Jacob Dean Jacob Dean is an American food and travel writer currently based in Chicago, United States. He is an Associate Editor at "The Cook's Cook" and also a staff writer at DCist. His writing focuses on stories of people in the food community, both in the United States and internationally. Jacob has also worked as a freelance recipe tester for the "New York Times".

neg: Jeff Smith (chef) Jeffrey L. Smith (January 22, 1939 – July 7, 2004) was the author of several best-selling cookbooks and the host of The Frugal Gourmet, a popular American cooking show which began in Tacoma, Washington, in 1973 and later moved to WTTW-TV in Chicago, where it aired nationally on PBS from 1983 to 1997.

neg: Whitney Bond Whitney Michele Bond (born December 6, 1984) is an American television food personality, food blogger, social media consultant, and cookbook author. She is the primary blogger and photographer of the food blog "WhitneyBond.com - Traditional Recipes with a Bond Girl Twist", host of multiple cooking web series, recipe and cooking trends segment regular on local and nationwide television shows, and is also a published cookbook author.

neg: Oliver Dunne Oliver Dunne (Dublin, 1977) is an Irish head chef and restaurant owner. He is the owner of the Michelin starred restaurant Bon Appétit in Malahide, County Dublin. Dunne was a regular guest in the former Irish TV-show The Afternoon Show.

neg: Michael Chiarello Michael Chiarello (born January 26, 1962) is an American celebrity chef specializing in Italian-influenced California cuisine. He hosts the cooking show, "Easy Entertaining with Michael Chiarello", on the Food Network and hosts "NapaStyle" on the Fine Living Network. Chiarello owns a winery, Chiarello Family Vineyards, Bottega Ristorante and NapaStyle, a purveyor of food, cookware, and furniture in Yountville, and was a competitor on the fourth season of "The Next Iron Chef", where he placed as the second runner up. In spring 2013, Michael opened Coqueta, a tapas restaurant on San Francisco's waterfront.

neg: Marc Murphy (chef) Marc Murphy (born "c".1969 in Milan, Italy) is an executive chef, restaurateur and television food personality.

neg: Alex Jamieson Alexandra Marie "Alex" Jamieson (born March 20, 1975) is a natural foods chef, author, speaker, TV personality, and holistic health counselor.

neg: Patrick Clark (chef) Patrick Dean Clark (March 17, 1955 – February 11, 1998) was an American chef. He won the 1994 James Beard Foundation award for "Best Chef: Mid-Atlantic Region" during his tenure at the Hay-Adams Hotel, Washington, D.C. and also competed in the 1997 Iron Chef. Clark is credited with having been the first chef in New York City to mix fine-dining and bistro at The Odeon in Tribeca, as well as also having been one of the first American chefs to apply French technique to growing American regional cuisine in the late 70s and early 80s.

neg: Todd English William Todd English (born August 29, 1960) is an American celebrity chef, restaurateur, author, and television personality, based in Boston, Massachusetts. He is best known for his TV cooking show, "Food Trip with Todd English", on PBS. In 2005 he was a judge on the PBS show "Cooking Under Fire".

neg: John Currence John Currence is an American chef. He owns five restaurants in Oxford, Mississippi, and in 2009 won a James Beard Award.

neg: Keegan Gerhard Keegan Gerhard (born December 2, 1960) is an award winning pastry chef and the former host of the Food Network series Food Network Challenge. As of the tenth season, he has been replaced by Claire Robinson. Instead of being the host, he serves as a judge alongside Kerry Vincent. Gerhard along with wife are the owners and executive chefs of D Bar Desserts in Denver, Colorado and D Bar Restaurant in San Diego, California.

neg: Frank Stitt Frank Stitt III is the owner and executive chef of Highlands Bar and Grill, Bottega Restaurant, and Chez Fon Fon in Birmingham, Alabama. He was inducted into the James Beard Foundation's "Who's Who of Food and Beverage" in 2011. He was also named the "Best Chef in the Southeast" in 2001 foundation, and was a 2008 finalist for the its national "Outstanding Chef" award. He has also been recognized with a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Southern Foodways Alliance for his elevation of Southern cuisine and his early advocacy of locally-grown food.

neg: George Francisco George Francisco is an American chef based in Sunshine Coast Region, Australia. Francisco started his culinary career in the US and then moved to Australia in 2001.

neg: Mr. Food Art Ginsburg (July 29, 1931 – November 21, 2012), commonly known as Mr. Food, was an American television chef and best selling author of cookbooks. He was known for ending each of his TV segments with the catch phrase ""Ooh! It's so good!"" The signature phrase, as spoken by Mr. Food, is registered as a sound trademark with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

neg: Ken Oringer Ken Oringer (born 1965 in Paramus, New Jersey) is a Boston-based chef who is a business partner of Jamie Bissonnette.

neg: George Crum George Speck (also called George Crum; c. 1824– July 22, 1914) was an American chef. He worked as a hunter, guide, and cook in the Adirondack mountains, and became renowned for his culinary skills after being hired at Moon’s Lake House on Saratoga Lake, near Saratoga Springs, New York.

neg: Damiano Carrara Damiano Carrara (born 22 September 1985) is an Italian-born chef, restaurateur and cookbook author who resides in Moorpark, California.

neg: Amazing Eats Amazing Eats is an American food reality television series that premiered on January 11, 2012 on the Travel Channel. The program is hosted by actor and food enthusiast Adam Richman. In each episode, Richman tracks down cuisines of the United States.


query: Who was born first, Pietro Mascagni or Mikhail Glinka?

pos: Pietro Mascagni Pietro Antonio Stefano Mascagni (] ; 7 December 1863 – 2 August 1945) was an Italian composer most noted for his operas. His 1890 masterpiece "Cavalleria Rusticana" caused one of the greatest sensations in opera history and single-handedly ushered in the "Verismo" movement in Italian dramatic music. While it was often held that Mascagni, like Leoncavallo, was a "one-opera man" who could never repeat his first success, "L'amico Fritz" and "Iris" have remained in the repertoire in Europe (especially Italy) since their premieres. Mascagni said that at one point, "Iris" was performed in Italy more often than "Cavalleria" (cf. Stivender).

pos: Mikhail Glinka Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka (Russian: Михаи́л Ива́нович Гли́нка ; 1 June [O.S. 20 May] 1804 15 February [O.S. 3 February] 1857 ) was the first Russian composer to gain wide recognition within his own country, and is often regarded as the fountainhead of Russian classical music. Glinka's compositions were an important influence on future Russian composers, notably the members of The Five, who took Glinka's lead and produced a distinctive Russian style of music.

neg: List of compositions by Mikhail Glinka Below is a list of compositions by Mikhail Glinka. The works are categorized by genre, date of composition and titles.

neg: Glinka (surname) Glinka is a old Polish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

neg: Jiri Hlinka Jiri Hlinka (Czech: "Jiří Hlinka" ; born 1944) is a Norwegian professor and piano teacher of Czech origin. His most well-known student is Leif Ove Andsnes.

neg: Pietro Tacca Pietro Tacca (16 September 1577 – 26 October 1640) was an Italian sculptor, who was the chief pupil and follower of Giambologna. Tacca began in a Mannerist style and worked in the Baroque style during his maturity.

neg: Edgar Gluck Edgar Chaim Baruch Gluck (born June 14, 1936, Hamburg, Germany) is a Chief Rabbi of Galicia (Central-Eastern Europe).

neg: Mikhail Gorlin Mikhail Genrikhovich Gorlin (Russian: Михаи́л Ге́нрихович Го́рлин ; ] ; 1909-1943) was a Russian emigre poet who founded the Berlin Poets' Club in 1928. He and his wife (the poet Raisa Blokh) later perished during World War II in a German concentration camp.

neg: Emanuel Glicen Romano Emanuel Glicen Romano or Emanuel Glicenstein (1897? – 1984) was a painter born in Italy. He emigrated to America and spent some time in Safed in Israel. where he organised a museum for his father's work.

neg: Konstantin Mikhailovsky Konstantin Yakovlevich Mikhailovsky (Russian: Константин Яковлевич Михайловский ) (1834–1909) was a Russian engineer of Polish origin.

neg: Moshe Maimon Moshe Maimon (also Moses Lvovich Maimon; Russian: Моисей Львович Маймон ; 1860 – 1924) was a Jewish - Russian painter who was born in the Augustów Governorate, then part of the Russian Empire (present-day Lithuania). He was among the first known artists within the Jewish community of Russia. He was also the grandson of author Alexander Ziskind Maimon.

neg: Vladimir Makovsky Vladimir Yegorovich Makovsky (Russian: Влади́мир Его́рович Мако́вский ; 26 January (greg.: 7 February) 1846, Moscow - 21 February 1920, Petrograd) was a Russian painter, art collector, and teacher.

neg: Yegor Yakovlev Yegor Vladimirovich Yakovlev (Яковлев, Егор Владимирович ; 14 March 1930 – 18 September 2005) was one of the founders of Mikhail Gorbachev and Boris Yeltsin's policy of "glasnost", and one of the most respected Russian journalists.

neg: Glinki, Szczecin Glinki is a part of the Szczecin City, Poland situated on the left bank of Oder river, north of the Szczecin Old Town and Middle Town.

neg: Mischa Elman Mischa (Mikhail Saulovich) Elman (Russian: (Ми́ша (Михаи́л Сау́лович) Э́льман ; January 20, 1891April 5, 1967) was a Jewish violinist, famed for his passionate style, beautiful tone, and impeccable artistry and musicality.

neg: Mischa Maisky Mischa Maisky (Latvian: "Miša Maiskis" , Hebrew: מישה מייסקי  ; born January 10, 1948 in Riga) is a USSR-born Israeli cellist.

neg: Mikhail Gulko Mikhail Aleksandrovich Gulko (Russian: Михаил Алeксандpoвич Гулько ; born July 23, 1931, Kharkiv, Ukrainian SSR, USSR) is an author and performer of Russian chanson.

neg: Mascha Gonska Mascha Gonska (born 19 November 1952) is a German film actress. She was born in France to Polish parents.

neg: Georges Lakhovsky Georges Lakhovsky (born Georgei Lakhovsky; Russian: Георгий Лаховский ; 17 September 1869 – 31 August 1942) was a Belarusian-French engineer, scientist, author and inventor. His controversial medical treatment invention, the Multiple Wave Oscillator, is described as having been used by him in the treatment of cancer.

neg: Mikhail Tal Mikhail Tal (Latvian: "Mihails Tāls" ; Russian: Михаил Нехемьевич Таль , "Mikhail Nekhem'evich Tal", ] ; sometimes transliterated "Mihails Tals" or "Mihail Tal"; 9 November 1936 – 28 June 1992) was a Soviet Latvian chess Grandmaster and the eighth World Chess Champion (from 1960 to 1961).

neg: Pietro Paolo Caravaggio Pietro Paolo Caravaggio (1617 - 1688) or Petro Paulo Caravagio was an Italian mathematician.

neg: Kazimir Malevich Kazimir Severinovich Malevich (February 23, 1878 – May 15, 1935) was a Russian painter and art theoretician. He was a pioneer of geometric abstract art and the originator of the avant-garde Suprematist movement. He was a devout Christian mystic who believed the central task of an artist was that of rendering spiritual feeling.


query: Are Sergei Prokofiev and Modest Mussorgsky both Soviet composers?

pos: Sergei Prokofiev Sergei Sergeyevich Prokofiev ( ; Russian: Сергей Сергеевич Прокофьев , "Sergej Sergejevič Prokofjev" ; 27 April 1891 – 5 March 1953) was a Soviet composer, pianist and conductor. As the creator of acknowledged masterpieces across numerous musical genres, he is regarded as one of the major composers of the 20th century. His works include such widely heard works as the March from "The Love for Three Oranges," the suite "Lieutenant Kijé", the ballet "Romeo and Juliet" – from which "Dance of the Knights" is taken – and "Peter and the Wolf." Of the established forms and genres in which he worked, he created – excluding juvenilia – seven completed operas, seven symphonies, eight ballets, five piano concertos, two violin concertos, a cello concerto, a Symphony-Concerto for cello and orchestra, and nine completed piano sonatas.

pos: Modest Mussorgsky Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky (Russian: Моде́ст Петро́вич Му́соргский ; ] ; 21 March [O.S. 9 March] 1839 – 28 March [O.S. 16 March] 1881 ) was a Russian composer, one of the group known as "The Five". He was an innovator of Russian music in the romantic period. He strove to achieve a uniquely Russian musical identity, often in deliberate defiance of the established conventions of Western music.

neg: Lev Naumov Lev Nikolayevich Naumov (Russian: Лев Никола́евич Нау́мов ; February 12, 1925, Rostov – August 21, 2005, Moscow) was a Russian classical pianist, composer and educator. Received a title of People's Artist of Russia and was nicknamed the "Godfather of the Russian piano school".

neg: Nikolai Zverev Nikolai Sergeyevich Zverev (Russian: Николай Серге́евич Зве́рев , sometimes transliterated Nikolai Zveref; 183212 October [O.S. 30 September] 1893 ) was a Russian pianist and teacher known for his pupils Alexander Siloti, Sergei Rachmaninoff, Alexander Scriabin, Konstantin Igumnov, Alexander Goldenweiser, and others.

neg: Vladimir Fontikov Vladimir Karnikovich Fontikov (May 17, 1941 – October 12, 1987) was a Soviet opera singer best known for his interpretation of Modest Mussorgsky's "Boris Gudunov".

neg: Mussorgskij (crater) Mussorgskij is a crater on Mercury. It has a diameter of 125 kilometers. Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union in 1979. Mussorgskij is named for the Russian composer Modest Mussorgsky, who lived from 1839 to 1881.

neg: Nikolai Sidelnikov Nikolai Nikolayevich Sidelnikov (Russian: Никола́й Никола́евич Сиде́льников ; June 5, 1930, Tver – June 20, 1992) was a Russian Soviet composer.

neg: Alexander Kasyanov Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Kasyanov (Александр Александрович Касьянов; 17 August 1891 - Gorki 13 February 1982) was a Soviet Russian composer, conductor, pianist and professor. He received the Order of Lenin in 1967, Order of the October Revolution 1981, and People's Artist of the USSR 1971.

neg: Sigizmund Kats Sigizmund Abramovich Katz (Russian: Сигизмунд Абрамович Кац ; April 4, 1908 – June 17, 1984), was a Soviet composer who specialized in writing popular songs. One of the founding fathers of the genre of the Soviet "mass song", Katz became famous in the 1940s and 1950s. His songs ranged from lyrical serenades and ballads to marches and quasi-Straussian waltzes. Sigizmund Katz' professional reputation now rests primarily on his war-time song "And the Briansk Forest Rustled Sternly" (Шумел сурово Брянский лес…), with lyrics by Anatoly Sofronov, which is dedicated to the struggles of Soviet partisans against Nazi invaders, and which earned him the Stalin Prize (1950).

neg: Anatoly Dneprov (singer) Anatoly Semyonovich Dneprov (Gross) (Ukrainian: Анатолій Семенович Днепров , Russian: Анатолий Семёнович Днепров ) was a Soviet and Russian singer, musician, composer and lyricist.

neg: Violin Sonata No. 1 (Prokofiev) Sergei Prokofiev's Violin Sonata No. 1 in F minor, Op 80, written between 1938 and 1946 (completed two years after Violin Sonata No. 2), is one of the darkest and most brooding of the composer's works.

neg: Isaac Schwartz Isaac Iosifovich Schwartz (Russian: Исаак Иосифович Шварц ; 13 May 1923 – 27 December 2009), also known as Isaak Shvarts, was a Soviet composer.

neg: Sergei Slonimsky Sergei Mikhailovich Slonimsky (Russian: Серге́й Миха́йлович Слони́мский , born August 12, 1932, Leningrad) is a Russian and Soviet composer, pianist and musicologist.

neg: Night on Bald Mountain Night on Bald Mountain (Russian: Ночь на лысой горе, "Noch′ na lysoy gore" ), also known as Night on the Bare Mountain, is a series of compositions by Modest Mussorgsky (1839–1881). Inspired by Russian literary works and legend, Mussorgsky composed a "musical picture", "St. John's Eve on Bald Mountain" (Russian: Иванова ночь на лысой горе, "Ivanova noch′ na lysoy gore" ) on the theme of a witches' sabbath occurring on St. John's Eve, which he completed on that very night, 23 June 1867. Together with Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov's "Sadko" (1867), it is one of the first tone poems by a Russian composer.

neg: The Song of the Flea ""The Song of the Flea"" (Russian: "Песня о блохе" ) is a song with piano accompaniment, composed by Modest Mussorgsky in 1879. The lyrics are from the Russian translation of Goethe's Faust.

neg: Fyodor Druzhinin Fyodor Serafimovich Druzhinin, also Fedor, (Russian: Фёдор Серафимович Дружинин ; 6 April 1932 in Moscow – 1 July 2007) was a Soviet violist, composer and music teacher.

neg: Youri Egorov Youri Aleksandrovich Egorov (Russian: Юрий Александрович Егоров ; 28 May 1954 – 16 April 1988) was a Soviet classical pianist.

neg: Symphony No. 5 (Prokofiev) Sergei Prokofiev wrote his Symphony No. 5 in B-flat major (Op. 100) in Soviet Russia in one month in the summer of 1944.

neg: Oleg Karavaychuk Oleg Nikolayevich Karavaichuk (Russian: Оле́г Никола́евич Каравайчу́к ; 28 December 1927 – 13 June 2016) was a Soviet and Russian composer, author of music for many films and theater performances.

neg: Mikhail Kovalyov Colonel-General Mikhail Prokofievich Kovalyov (Russian: Михаил Прокофьевич Ковалёв ) (7 July [O.S. 26 June] 1897 – 31 August 1967) was a Soviet military officer.

neg: German Galynin German Germanovich Galynin (Russian: Герман Германович Галынин , "German Germanovich Galynin"; March 30, 1922, Tula, Russia – June 18, 1966, Moscow, Russia, USSR) was a Soviet (Russian) composer, student, and continuer of the Shostakovich and Myaskovsky line in Soviet classic music.

neg: Le pas d'acier (Prokofiev) Le pas d'acier ("The Steel Step" or "The Leap of Steel"; Russian: Стальной скок ) is a 1926 ballet in two scenes (Op. 41) containing 11 dances composed by Sergei Prokofiev. Prokofiev also created an orchestral 4 movement suite from the ballet (Op. 41b).


query: Draper Associates is known for investments in companies, including what health technology company based in Palo Alto, California?

pos: Draper Associates Draper Associates is an early stage venture capital firm that encourages entrepreneurs to drive their businesses to greatness, to transform industries with new technologies, and to build platforms for extraordinary growth, jobs, and wealth creation. The firm was founded by Tim Draper, and is best known for investments in companies such as Tesla, Skype, Baidu, Twitch, Theranos, and Thumbtack

pos: Theranos Theranos ( ) is an American privately held health technology company based in Palo Alto, California. The company is known for its marketing of its efforts to create blood tests that used small sample volume technology. It was founded in 2003 by Elizabeth Holmes at the age of 19. By 2014, Theranos had raised more than $400 million in funding with an estimated value of $9 billion.

neg: ADAC Laboratories ADAC Laboratories was a Silicon Valley medical device company that was acquired by Philips in 2000. ADAC specialized in nuclear medicine and nuclear imaging devices. It was founded in 1970 and in 1996, it was the recipient of a Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award It was acquired by Philips for $426 million, and incorporated into Philips Medical Systems (later Philips Healthcare).

neg: Accel Partners Accel, formerly known as Accel Partners, is an American venture capital firm. Accel works with startups in seed, early and growth-stage investments. The company has offices in Palo Alto, California and San Francisco, California, with additional operating funds in London, India and China (through a partnership with International Data Group (IDG-Accel)).

neg: Stanford University Medical Center Stanford University Medical Center is a medical complex which includes Stanford Health Care and Stanford Children's Health.

neg: Intersect ENT Intersect ENT (NASDAQ: XENT ) is a publicly traded health care equipment company based in Menlo Park, California. It manufactures drug-delivery devices used by Ear, Nose & Throat (ENT) clinicians in the treatment of sinusitis. Intersect ENT is best known for developing the first bioabsorbable drug-eluting sinus stent PROPEL, which delivers anti-inflammatory medication directly to the sinuses. The company holds over 20 issued patents in the United States and more than 80 patents and patent applications worldwide. The company was named on the Forbes list of "America's Most Promising Companies" and was also on the "Firece 15" list of "Most Promising Companies" in 2013.

neg: Abhijeet Gholap Abhijeet Sharadchandra Gholap (born 1 January), often referred to as Abhi, is a leading Digital Health entrepreneur / technocrat and Investor based in Silicon Valley, California. He founded 7 companies, 14+ patents and several publications in Medical Imaging, Artificial Intelligence, Evidence based medicine, Clinical Genomics, Medical Devices and Wearable technologies. Abhi is also a National Award-winning Indian film producer and distributor.

neg: Kelaroo Kelaroo, based in San Diego, California, USA, is a software and consulting company which supplies consulting, commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) software, and on-demand scientific software (SaaS) to pharmaceutical, biotech, chemical, and related industries and research institutes. The company was founded in 2000 by Andrew Reum and Robert Feinstein and has since remained independent. The commercial off-the-shelf software division, the company's principal focus, is highlighted by the flagship KRMS, SeqR, and KALEA products. The software and consulting divisions' client lists include the largest global pharmaceutical corporations, major research universities and institutes, and smaller research-focused companies. Practice areas include knowledge management and IP protection, materials management, biological assay data systems, biological process, and chemical discovery information management and analysis. Technologies developed and deployed in these areas include inventory management and chemical databases, scientific databases, and Oracle-based back-end components.

neg: Draper University Draper University, also known as Draper University of Heroes is a private, for-profit school focused on teaching entrepreneurship in Silicon Valley. Located in San Mateo, California, Draper University is known for its unconventional methods of teaching business and entrepreneurship through real-world scenarios, unlike traditional lecture-style classroom environments. This school has 500+ alumni from 50 countries and has launched 280+ startups that have raised $51M+ in funding from venture investors. Draper University recently teamed up with Arizona State University to offer students 15 course credits for a sixteen-week Semester program. Prior to that, the school was unaccredited.

neg: Toba Capital Toba Capital is a venture capital firm based in Newport Beach, California. It was founded in late 2012 by Vinny Smith, former CEO of Quest Software. The company invests in software and technology services companies. It is the largest venture capital firm in Orange County.

neg: Alta Communications Alta Communications is a Boston-based private equity firm specializing in equity investments in media and telecommunications companies.

neg: Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford (LPCH) is a children's hospital which is part of the Stanford University system. It is located adjacent to the campus at 725 Welch Road, Palo Alto, California. It was founded in 1991. It is staffed by over 650 physicians and 4,750 staff and volunteers. It specializes in the care of babies, children, adolescents, and expectant mothers.

neg: Greenspring Associates Greenspring Associates is a venture capital firm that invests primarily in the information technology, biotechnology, healthcare and telecommunications sectors. The firm is based in Owings Mills, Maryland and maintains an office in Palo Alto, California. The company is led by two Managing General Partners, C. Ashton Newhall and James "Jim" Lim.

neg: Draper Fisher Jurvetson Draper Fisher Jurvetson (DFJ) is an American venture capital firm focused on early- and growth-stage investments in enterprise, consumer and disruptive technologies. In 2015, DFJ was identified as one of the top investors of billion-dollar startups.

neg: Numecent Numecent is a Irvine, California-based software company. The company develops a technology platform which delivers native software applications from cloud computing servers using virtualization technology. The patented technology, that the company refers to as "cloudpaging", allows the delivery of pre-virtualized software instructions to a user's machine on-demand, where the instructions are executed as soon as they are received.

neg: HealthCap HealthCap is a specialized provider of venture capital within life sciences. HealthCap invests in innovative companies with focus on therapeutics. As of 2017, HealthCap has invested in over 100 companies since inception and completed initial public offerings of more than 40 companies. HealthCap has offices in Stockholm, Oslo and Lausanne.

neg: Illumina (company) Illumina, Inc. is an American company incorporated in April 1998 that develops, manufactures and markets integrated systems for the analysis of genetic variation and biological function. The company provides a line of products and services that serve the sequencing, genotyping and gene expression and proteomics markets. Its headquarters are located in San Diego, California.

neg: Utah Technology Council The Utah Technology Council is a Utah-based non profit organization that serves as a business resource for life science and high-tech companies.

neg: Adaptive Insights Adaptive Insights, Inc., formerly Adaptive Planning, Inc., is a privately held software as a service company headquartered in Palo Alto, California founded in 2003. Its software allows companies to collaboratively plan and model, access real-time analytics, streamline financial reporting, and accelerate financial consolidation.

neg: Hansen Medical Hansen Medical, Inc, headquartered in Mountain View, California, designs and manufactures medical robotics for positioning and control of catheter-based technologies that was founded in 2002 by Frederic Moll, M.D. to develop tools that manipulate catheters by combining robotic technology and computerized movement.

neg: Stryker Corporation Stryker Corporation () is a Fortune 500 medical technologies firm based in Kalamazoo, Michigan. Stryker's products include implants used in joint replacement and trauma surgeries; surgical equipment and surgical navigation systems; endoscopic and communications systems; patient handling and emergency medical equipment; neurosurgical, neurovascular and spinal devices; as well as other medical device products used in a variety of medical specialties.

neg: Enli Health Intelligence Enli Health Intelligence is a privately held software company based in Beaverton, Oregon, and previously in Hillsboro, Oregon. Founded in 2001 as Kryptiq Corporation, the company specializes in electronic medical records and secure communications between physicians and patients. The 125-employee company was purchased by Surescripts in 2012, which was a previous investor in the company. Annual revenues at the time of the sale were approximately $25 million. In January 2015, the company announced that it was splitting from Surescripts and becoming independent again.


query: For which team does the professional footballer Alexander Hleb, whose country gained independence in 1991 and whose most popular sport is football closely followed by ice hockey, currently play?

pos: Football in Belarus In Belarus, a country that gained independence in 1991, football is the most popular sport, closely followed by ice hockey. The national association takes part in all competitions organized by FIFA and UEFA at senior and youth level, as well as in women’s football. Dinamo Minsk were once one of the powerhouses in the top flight of Soviet Union football, sometimes playing in European club competitions. A number of Belarusians, such as Sergei Aleinikov, Sergei Borovsky, Sergei Gotsmanov, Ihar Hurynovich, Georgi Kondratiev, Aleksandr Prokopenko, Andrei Zygmantovich and Eduard Malofeyev (as both player and manager), represented the Soviet Union. Today, the star of Belarusian football is Alexander Hleb, who currently plays for BATE Borisov.

pos: Alexander Hleb Aliaksandr Paulavich Hleb (Belarusian: Аляксандр Паўлавіч Глеб , ] ; Russian: Александр Павлович Глеб ; born 1 May 1981), commonly referred to in English as Alexander Hleb, is a Belarusian professional footballer.

neg: Sport in Argentina The practice of sports in Argentina is varied due to the population's diverse European origins and the mostly mild climate. Association football is the most popular discipline and other sports played both professionally and recreatively athletics, auto racing, basketball, boxing, cycling, field hockey, fishing, golf, handball, mountaineering, padel tennis, polo, roller hockey, rowing, rugby union, sailing, skiing, swimming, tennis and volleyball. Argentine achievements can be found in team sports such as association football, basketball, field hockey and rugby union, and individual sports such as boxing, golf, tennis and rowing. Pato, the national sport, is not very popular.

neg: Sport in Russia The most popular sport in Russia is football According to Yandex search analysis results rating of the most popular sports among Russians: "Football topped the list of the most popular sports in Russia" with 5 to 10 million requests. Ice hockey came in second with handball, basketball, boxing, auto racing, volleyball, athletics, tennis and chess rounding out the top ten rankings. Other popular sports include bandy, biathlon, figure skating, weightlifting, gymnastics, wrestling, martial arts, rugby union, and skiing.

neg: Iserlohn Roosters The Iserlohn Roosters are a professional ice hockey team based in Iserlohn, North Rhine-Westphalia. They are members of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL) since 2000 and play their home games at the Eissporthalle Iserlohn which is also known as "Eissporthalle am Seilersee". The team made the playoffs three times in its first 15 seasons in the DEL. The Roosters are widely regarded for their fans and having one of the best atmospheres at home games in Europe despite having an arena capacity for just 4967 spectators. The club caused much controversy in 1987 when, under Heinz Weifenbach, a US$900,000 advertising deal was signed for former Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi's "The Green Book". The book is widely acknowledged as having been inspired by Mao Zedong's "The Little Red Book".

neg: Football in Finland Football in Finland, unlike in most other European countries, is not the most popular spectator sport, as it falls behind ice hockey, which enjoys a huge amount of popularity in the country. Football tops ice hockey in the number of registered players (115,000 vs. 60,000) and as a popular hobby (160,000 vs. 90,000 in adults and 230,000 vs. 105, 000 in youth). It is the most popular hobby among 3-18 year olds, whereas ice hockey is 9th.

neg: Alexander Jakubov Alexander Jakubov (born 11 January 1991) is a Czech-Slovak football striker who currently plays for FC Baník Ostrava.

neg: Football in Latvia Association football is the second sport in Latvia after ice hockey, but in recent years it has gained more popularity. The Latvian Football Federation (Latvian: "Latvijas Futbola federācija" ) is the sport's national governing body. There is a league system, with the Higher League and First League on top. There is Latvian Second League also, where mostly play amateur teams. There are also national cup competitions, with most notable Latvian Cup.

neg: SønderjyskE SønderjyskE is a Danish sport corporation. They have a football team (SønderjyskE Fodbold, based in Haderslev), two handball teams (SønderjyskE Håndbold, one male based in Sønderborg, one female based in Aabenraa) and an ice hockey team (SønderjyskE Ishockey, based in Vojens). All the teams play in Southern Jutland. The name is short for Sønderjysk Elitesport (English language: "Southern Jutlandic Elite Sport").

neg: List of Soviet and Russian ice hockey champions The Russian Open Hockey Championship (Russian: Открытый Чемпионат России по хоккею, Otkrytyy Chempionat Rossii po khokkeyu ), also known as the Championship of Russia in ice hockey (Russian: Чемпионат России по хоккею с шайбой, Chempionat Rossii po khokkeyu s shayboy ), is an annual ice hockey award and national title, bestowed by the Ice Hockey Federation of Russia to the professional hockey organization judged to have the best performing team in Russia.

neg: Football in Haiti Association football is the most popular sport in Haiti. It is run by the Fédération Haïtienne de Football. The association administers the national football team, as well as the national football league. The sport is very popular. Football in Haiti first developed in the state capital of Port-au-Prince, where a regional championship round was already held for the first time in 1912.

neg: Football in Romania Football is the most popular sport in Romania. The Romanian Football Federation (Romanian: "Federaţia Română de Fotbal" or "FRF" ), a member of UEFA, is the sport's national governing body.

neg: Football in Turkmenistan Football is the most popular sport in Turkmenistan, a country that gained independence in 1991. The national association regularly takes part in competitions organised by FIFA and the AFC at senior and youth level. Valeri Nepomniachi is probably the most famous name in Turkmen football. He was the coach who led Cameroon to the 1990 FIFA World Cup in Italy. The Africans surprised many with their 1-0 win over defending champions Argentina in the opening match and finally bowed out in the quarter-finals.

neg: HNK Hajduk Split league record by opponent HNK Hajduk Split is a Croatian association football club based in Split, which currently competes in the top tier division of Croatian football, Prva HNL. Founded in 1911, they played only friendlies during their first years in existence. Between the early 1920s and 1940, Hajduk regularly participated in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia national championship. The club spent their entire existence playing top-flight football, having been a member of Yugoslav First League from 1946 until its dissolution in 1991. Following the breakup of Yugoslavia the club joined the Croatian First League in its inaugural season in 1992.

neg: Football in Antigua and Barbuda Football in Antigua and Barbuda is one of the Caribbean country's most popular sports. It is second only to cricket.

neg: Hockey 9s Hockey 9s or Hockey Nines is a variation of the sport of field hockey played at international level. While played on a standard size hockey field, there are a number of variations in its rules, most significantly the reduction of number of players on a team from eleven to nine.

neg: Football in Scotland Association football is one of the national sports of Scotland and the most popular sport in the country. There is a long tradition of "football" games in Orkney, Lewis and southern Scotland, especially the Scottish Borders, although many of these include carrying the ball and passing "by hand", and despite bearing the name "football" bear little resemblance to association football.

neg: Ice hockey rules Ice hockey rules define the parameters of the sport of ice hockey. The sport is governed by several organizations including the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF), the National Hockey League (NHL), Hockey Canada, USA Hockey and others. The rules define the size of the hockey rink where a game is played, the playing and safety equipment, the game definition, including time of play and whether tie-breaking methods are used and the actual playing rules themselves. The IIHF rule book is used in both amateur and professional leagues worldwide. The NHL's rule book is the basis for the rule books of most North American professional leagues. The IIHF, amateur and NHL rules evolved separately from amateur and professional Canadian ice hockey rules of the early 1900s.

neg: Jakub Culek Jakub Culek (born September 7, 1992) is a Czech professional ice hockey player. He is currently playing with the HC Plzeň of the Czech Extraliga. Culek was selected by the Ottawa Senators in the 3rd round (76th overall) of the 2010 NHL Entry Draft.

neg: Swedish football (code) Swedish football (Swedish: "Svensk fotboll" ) was a code of football devised and played in Sweden from the 1870s to the early 1890s, when the modern association football was introduced. Swedish football rules were a mix of the association football rules and the rugby football rules, most closely resembling the former.

neg: Football in Slovenia Football in Slovenia is governed by the Football Association of Slovenia ("Nogometna zveza Slovenije"). Slovenia has participated in international football as an independent nation since 1991, when the country gained independence from SFR Yugoslavia. The Slovenia national football team has qualified for three major tournaments (UEFA Euro 2000, 2002 FIFA World Cup and 2010 FIFA World Cup).

neg: Syarhey Hlyabko Syarhey Hlyabko (Belarusian: Сяргей Глябко ; Russian: Серге́й Глебко (Sergey Glebko); born 23 August 1992) is a Belarusian professional football player currently playing for Torpedo Minsk.


query: In which year was the first of the vampire-themed fantasy romance novels for which The Twilight Saga: The Official Illustrated Guide serves as a spin-off encyclopedic reference book first published?

pos: The Twilight Saga: The Official Illustrated Guide The Twilight Saga: The Official Illustrated Guide (previously titled The Official Guide) is a spin-off encyclopedic reference book for the "Twilight Saga" book series, written by Stephenie Meyer and was released on April 12, 2011. "The Guide" includes exclusive new material about the world Meyer created in "Twilight", "New Moon", "Eclipse", "Breaking Dawn" and "The Short Second Life of Bree Tanner", and nearly a hundred full-color illustrations by illustrator Young Kim, who previously illustrated Meyer's #1 "New York Times" Best Seller "", and several other artists.

pos: Twilight (novel series) Twilight is a series of four vampire-themed fantasy romance novels by American author Stephenie Meyer. Released annually from 2005 through 2008, the four books chart the later teen years of Isabella "Bella" Swan, a girl who moves to Forks, Washington, and falls in love with a 104-year-old vampire named Edward Cullen. The series is told primarily from Bella's point of view, with the epilogue of "Eclipse" and Part II of "Breaking Dawn" being told from the viewpoint of character Jacob Black, a werewolf. The unpublished "Midnight Sun" is a retelling of the first book, "Twilight", from Edward Cullen's point of view. The novella "The Short Second Life of Bree Tanner", which tells the story of a newborn vampire who appeared in "Eclipse", was published on June 5, 2010, as a hardcover book and on June 7 as a free online ebook. "", a definitive encyclopedic reference with nearly 100 full color illustrations, was released in bookstores on April 12, 2011.

neg: First Quest First Quest is an accessory for the "Dungeons & Dragons" fantasy role-playing game, published in 1994.

neg: Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter is a series of urban fantasy novels, short stories, and comic books by Laurell K. Hamilton. The books have sold more than six million copies; many have made The New York Times Best Seller list.

neg: Vampire Junction Vampire Junction is a horror novel by Thai writer S. P. Somtow, published in 1984. It is the first in a series about Timmy Valentine, a 12-year-old rock star who is actually a 2,000-year-old vampire. Unpublished for many years and rejected by over two dozen publishers, the novel uses a novel narrative technique inspired by the rapid intercutting of MTV music videos, and festures a high level of the imagery from "splatter" films. Later, the book was published by Berkley/Ace and Tor Books, and has remained in print ever since.

neg: Neverwinter Saga Neverwinter Saga is a saga written in the Forgotten Realms campaign world, a popular "Dungeons & Dragons" role-playing setting, by fantasy and science fiction author R.A. Salvatore. The tetralogy begins with "Gauntlgrym" which is set twenty-four years after the events of "The Ghost King". "Gauntlgrym" is also the twentieth book concerning one of Salvatore's famous characters, Drizzt Do'Urden. The saga contains "Gauntlgrym", "Neverwinter", "Charon's Claw", and "The Last Threshold". This tetralogy is preceded by The Transitions Series.

neg: The Andalite Chronicles The Andalite Chronicles is a science-fiction novel, and is the first companion book to the "Animorphs" series, written by K. A. Applegate. Within the timeline of the series, this book takes place before the first book in the series, "The Invasion". The book was published in late 1997, and was followed the next year by the second companion book in the "Chronicles" series, "The Hork-Bajir Chronicles". Before its wide release, however, the story was offered in the form of 3 separate volumes to school book clubs, which some considered a "typically savvy" marketing move.

neg: Shannara Shannara is a series of high fantasy novels written by Terry Brooks, beginning with "The Sword of Shannara" in 1977 and continuing through "The Sorcerer's Daughter" which was released in May 2016; there is also a prequel, "First King of Shannara". The series blends magic and primitive technology and is set in the Four Lands, which are identified as Earth long after civilization was destroyed in a chemical and nuclear holocaust called the Great Wars. By the time of the prequel "First King of Shannara", the world had reverted to a pre-industrial state and magic had re-emerged to supplement science.

neg: List of Chibi Vampire: The Novel light novels The light novel series "Chibi Vampire: The Novel" is based on the "Chibi Vampire" manga series written by Yuna Kagesaki. Written by Tohru Kai with illustrations provided by Kagesaki, the novels follow the adventures of Karin, a vampire who gives blood instead of taking it, and Kenta, a classmate who learns her secret and becomes her daytime help, as they get tangled up in various mysteries. The novels are published by Fujimi Shobo, with the first volume released on December 10, 2003, and the final on April 2008.

neg: Prince Caspian Prince Caspian (originally published as Prince Caspian: The Return to Narnia) is a high fantasy novel for children by C. S. Lewis, published by Geoffrey Bles in 1951. It was the second published of seven novels in "The Chronicles of Narnia" (1950–1956), and Lewis had finished writing it in 1949, before the first book was out. It is volume four in recent editions of the series, sequenced according to Narnia history. Like the others, it was illustrated by Pauline Baynes and her work has been retained in many later editions.

neg: List of The Vampire Diaries characters "The Vampire Diaries" is an American fantasy-drama television series which was first broadcast on The CW from 2009 to 2017, airing 171 episodes over 8 seasons. Kevin Williamson and Julie Plec adapted the TV series from L.J. Smith's novel series of the same name. Some of the characters appeared in the spin-off series, "The Originals".

neg: 333: A Bibliography of the Science-Fantasy Novel 333: A Bibliography of the Science-Fantasy Novel is a bibliography of English science fiction and fantasy books compiled and edited by Joseph H. Crawford, Jr., James J. Donahue and Donald M. Grant. It was first published by The Grandon Company in an edition of 450 paperback and 50 hardback copies. The hardback was issued without jacket. The book gives plot descriptions of 333 novels published prior to 1951.

neg: Elantris Elantris is a fantasy novel written by American author Brandon Sanderson. It was first published on April 21, 2005 by Tor Books and is significant as Sanderson's first published book.

neg: Dragonlance: Fifth Age Dragonlance: Fifth Age is an accessory for the "SAGA System", published in 1996. It uses the setting of Dragonlance, which originally was used in the "Advanced Dungeons & Dragons" fantasy role-playing game.

neg: The Faerie Wars Chronicles The Faerie Wars Chronicles is a fantasy action young adult novel series written by James Herbert Brennan. The first book in the series, "Faerie Wars" was published in the United Kingdom in February 2003 by Bloomsbury Publishing. As of 2011, there are five books in the on-going series.

neg: Vampire Knight Vampire Knight (Japanese: ヴァンパイア<ruby ><rb>騎士</rb><rp> (</rp><rt >ナイト</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> , Hepburn: Vanpaia Naito ) is a Japanese shōjo manga series written by Matsuri Hino. The series premiered in the January 2005 issue of "LaLa" magazine and has officially ended. Chapters are collected and published in collected volumes by Hakusensha, concluding with nineteen volumes released in Japan. The manga series is licensed in English by Viz Media, who has released all nineteen volumes. The English adaptation premiered in the July 2006 issue of Viz's "Shojo Beat" magazine, with the collected volumes being published on a quarterly basis.

neg: Poe no Ichizoku Poe no Ichizoku (Japanese: ポーの一族 , Hepburn: Pō no Ichizoku , lit. "The Poe Family") is a Japanese shōjo historical manga by Moto Hagio that depicts a family of vampires from the 18th to the 20th centuries. The two main characters, Edgar Portsnell and Allan Twilight, as well as the family are named after Edgar Allan Poe. It was serialized by Shogakukan in "Betsucomi" from 1972 to 1976 and collected in nine "tankōbon" under the Flower Comics imprint. "Poe" was the first shōjo manga from Shogakukan to be released in this format. It was inspired by Shotaro Ishimori's story "Mist, Roses and Stars".

neg: Forgotten Realms Forgotten Realms is a campaign setting for the "Dungeons & Dragons" ("D&D") fantasy role-playing game. Commonly referred to by players and game designers alike as "The Realms", it was created by game designer Ed Greenwood around 1967 as a setting for his childhood stories. Several years later, Greenwood brought the setting to the "D&D" game as a series of magazine articles, and the first Realms game products were released in 1987. Role-playing game products have been produced for the setting ever since, as have various licensed products including sword and sorcery novels, role-playing video game adaptations (including the first massively multiplayer online role-playing game to use graphics), and comic books. The Forgotten Realms is one of the most popular "D&D" settings, largely due to the success of novels by authors such as R. A. Salvatore and numerous role-playing video games, including "Pool of Radiance" (1988), "Eye of the Beholder" (1991), "Baldur's Gate" (1998), "Icewind Dale" (2000) and "Neverwinter Nights" (2002).

neg: A Discovery of Witches A Discovery of Witches is a 2011 historical-fantasy novel and the debut novel by American scholar Deborah Harkness. It follows the story of Diana Bishop, an alchemical history professor at The University of Oxford who, after accidentally calling an elusive, long-thought-lost manuscript, is compelled to embrace the magic in her blood she has sought to keep out of her life and engage in a forbidden romance with charming vampire Matthew Clairmont.

neg: The Riftwar Saga The Riftwar Saga is a series of fantasy novels by Raymond E. Feist, the first series in "The Riftwar Cycle".

neg: A Romance of Two Worlds A Romance of Two Worlds was Marie Corelli's first novel, published in 1886. It referenced the contemporary debate between creationism and evolution, as well as supernatural themes, overlaid with elements of science fiction. The book was an immediate success, well beyond expectations.

neg: Vampire Beach Vampire Beach is a series of teen vampire novels written by Alex Duval, published by Simon & Schuster. The series follows Jason, a human whose family moves out to Malibu. Jason learns that the hottest clique in Malibu are actually all vampires. The series was originally published in 2006, and was re-published in 2010 with updated cover art. It differs from many teen vampire series as it is told from Jason's point of view.


query: Benjamin Alman, MD, FRCSC, was the head of the division of Orthopedic surgery at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Ontario, senior scientist in developmental and stem cells scientific study of undifferentiated biological cells, that can differentiate into specialized cells and can divide (through which scientific process) to produce more duplicates?

pos: Benjamin Alman Benjamin Alman, MD, FRCSC, was the head of the division of Orthopedic surgery at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Ontario, senior scientist in developmental and stem cell biology at Sick Kids, and vice chair of the department of surgery at the University of Toronto. He has given many speeches and lectures throughout the world, and has won many awards and prizes, including the Premier’s Research Excellence Award, the Huene Award, the OREF Research Award, and the Royal College Medal in Surgery. . As of June 1, 2013, he is the head of Orthopedics at Duke University Medical School in Durham, North Carolina.

pos: Stem cell Stem cells are undifferentiated biological cells that can differentiate into specialized cells and can divide (through mitosis) to produce more stem cells. They are found in multicellular organisms. In mammals, there are two broad types of stem cells: embryonic stem cells, which are isolated from the inner cell mass of blastocysts, and adult stem cells, which are found in various tissues. In adult organisms, stem cells and progenitor cells act as a repair system for the body, replenishing adult tissues. In a developing embryo, stem cells can differentiate into all the specialized cells—ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm (see induced pluripotent stem cells)—but also maintain the normal turnover of regenerative organs, such as blood, skin, or intestinal tissues.

neg: Charles Philippe Leblond Charles Philippe Leblond, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (February 5, 1910 – April 10, 2007) was a pioneer of cell biology and stem cell research and a former Canadian professor of anatomy. Leblond is notable for developing autoradiography and his work showing how cells continuously renew themselves, regardless of age.

neg: Supernumerary kidney A supernumerary kidney is an additional kidney to the number usually present in an organism. This often develops as the result of splitting of the nephrogenic blastema, or from separate metanephric blastemas into which partially or completely reduplicated ureteral stalks enter to form separate capsulated kidneys; in some cases the separation of the reduplicated organ is incomplete (fused supernumerary kidney).

neg: Albert Claude Albert Claude (24 August 1899 – 22 May 1983) was a Belgian medical doctor and cell biologist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1974 with Christian de Duve and George Emil Palade. His elementary education started in a comprehensive primary school at Longlier, his birthplace. He served in the British Intelligence Service during the First World War, and got imprisoned in concentration camps twice. In recognition of his service, he was granted enrolment at the University of Liège in Belgium to study medicine without any formal education required for the course. He earned his Doctor of Medicine degree in 1928. Devoted to medical research, he initially joined German institutes in Berlin. In 1929 he found an opportunity to join the Rockefeller Institute in New York. At Rockefeller University he made his most groundbreaking achievements in cell biology. In 1930 he developed the technique of cell fractionation, by which he discovered the agent of the Rous sarcoma, components of cell organelles such as mitochondrion, chloroplast, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, ribosome and lysosome. He was the first to employ the electron microscope in the field of biology. In 1945 he published the first detailed structure of cell. His collective works established the complex functional and structural properties of cells.

neg: Oogonial stem cells Oogonial stem cells (OSCs), also known as egg precursor cells or female germline cells, are diploid germline cells with stem cell characteristics: the ability to renew and differentiate into other cell types, different from their tissue of origin. Present in invertebrates and some lower vertebrate species, they have been extensively studied in "Caenorhabditis elegans", "Drosophila melanogaster" and "Xenopus laevis" (the African clawed frog). OSCs allow the production of new female reproductive cells (oocytes) by the process of oogenesis during an organism's reproductive life.

neg: Amniotic stem cell bank An amniotic stem cell bank is a facility that stores stem cells derived from amniotic fluid for future use. Stem cell samples in private (or family) banks are stored specifically for use by the individual person from whom such cells have been collected and the banking costs are paid by such person. The sample can later be retrieved only by that individual and for the use by such individual or, in many cases, by her or his first-degree blood relatives. In case of amniotic fluid stem cell banking, the mother providing the donation initially has ownership of the stem cells and financial responsibility for its storage. When the child from that pregnancy reaches legal age, the ownership and responsibility for the sample may be transferred. The first private amniotic stem cell bank in the US was opened by Biocell Center in October 2009 in Medford, Massachusetts.

neg: The Hospital for Sick Children The Hospital for Sick Children, corporately branded as SickKids, is a children's hospital and teaching hospital located on University Avenue in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is affiliated with the University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine, and is the second-largest paediatric research hospital in the world, after the Boston Children's Hospital. The hospital's Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning is the largest pediatric research building in the world at 750,000 square feet. Founded in 1875, the hospital was inspired by the example of Great Ormond Street Hospital in London.

neg: EpiBone EpiBone is a biomedical engineering company that is currently in the process of reconstructing human bone growth for use in surgical operations. EpiBone will allow patients to grow bones with the use of their own stem cells in order to create a patient-specific product. These specialized bone grafts can simplify surgery, provide exact repair, and shorten recovery times. EpiBone has animal-tested its product and is currently waiting for FDA approval to begin testing with humans. It was co-founded by its current CEO, Nina Tandon and CSO, Sarindr Bhumiratana.

neg: Cytomere Cytomeres are structures that are formed when the contents of a single large schizont are separated into multiple daughter cells, in the course of schizogony.

neg: University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine The University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine is the medical school of the University of Toronto. The faculty is based in the Discovery District of Downtown Toronto along with most of its teaching hospitals and research institutes. Founded in 1843, it is one of Canada's oldest institutions of medical studies, and is known for the discovery of insulin and stem cells. The school was ranked 6th in the world and 1st in Canada by the U.S. News and World Education Rankings for Clinical Medicine in 2016, and 13th in the world and 1st in Canada by the QS University Subject Rankings for Medicine in 2015.

neg: Human umbilical artery endothelial cells Human umbilical artery endothelial cells (HUAECs) are cells derived from the endothelium of arteries from the umbilical cord. They are used as a laboratory model system for the study of the function and pathology of endothelial cells (e.g., atherosclerosis). HUAECs have “cobblestone” morphology.

neg: Development (journal) Development is a peer-reviewed scientific journal in the field of developmental biology that covers cellular and molecular mechanisms of animal and plant development. Topics covered include stem cells and nuclear reprogramming, regional specification, morphogenesis, organogenesis, evolution of the developmental process, and developmental studies of disease.

neg: Bioinformatics Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that develops methods and software tools for understanding biological data. As an interdisciplinary field of science, bioinformatics combines computer science, statistics, mathematics, and engineering to analyze and interpret biological data. Bioinformatics has been used for "in silico" analyses of biological queries using mathematical and statistical techniques.

neg: Histology Histology is the study of the microscopic anatomy (microanatomy) of cells and tissues of plants and animals. It is commonly performed by examining cells and tissues under a light microscope or electron microscope, the specimen having been sectioned (cut into a thin cross section with a microtome), stained, and mounted on a microscope slide. Histological studies may be conducted using tissue culture, where live human or animal cells are isolated and maintained in an artificial environment for various research projects. The ability to visualize or differentially identify microscopic structures is frequently enhanced through the use of histological stains. Histology is an essential tool of biology and medicine.

neg: Stem Cell Reviews and Reports Stem Cell Reviews and Reports is a medical journal published quarterly by Springer Science+Business Media. It covers contemporary and emerging areas in stem cells, including embryonic and adult stem cells, and related lineage and cloning issues. The journal also publishes reviews covering basic, clinical, biotechnology, regulatory, and ethical aspects of stem cell research and applications. The journal got its current name in 2009 from "Stem Cell Reviews". According to the "Journal Citation Reports", the journal has a 2013 impact factor of 3.214.

neg: Cell lineage Cell lineage denotes the developmental history of a tissue or organ from the fertilized embryo. Cell lineage can be studied by marking a cell (with fluorescent molecules or other traceable markers) and following its progeny after cell division. Some organisms such as "C. elegans" have a predetermined pattern of cell progeny and the adult male will always consist of 1031 cells, this is because cell division in "C. elegans" is genetically determined and known as eutely. This causes the cell lineage and cell fate to be highly correlated. Other organisms, such as humans, have variable lineages and somatic cell numbers.

neg: Differential adhesion hypothesis Differential adhesion hypothesis (DAH) is a hypothesis that explains cellular movement during morphogenesis with thermodynamic principles. In DAH tissues are treated as liquids consisting of mobile cells whose varying degrees of surface adhesion cause them to reorganize spontaneously to minimize their interfacial free energy. Put another way, according to DAH, cells move to be near other cells of similar adhesive strength in order to maximize the bonding strength between cells and produce a more thermodynamically stable structure. In this way the movement of cells during tissue formation, according to DAH, parodies the behavior of a mixture of liquids. Although originally motivated by the problem of understanding cell sorting behavior in vertebrate embryos, DAH has subsequently been applied to explain several other morphogenic phenomena.

neg: Cell growth The term cell growth is used in the contexts of biological cell development and cell division (reproduction). When used in the context of cell division, it refers to growth of cell populations, where a cell, known as the "mother cell", grows and divides to produce two "daughter cells" (M phase). When used in the context of cell development, the term refers to increase in cytoplasmic and organelle volume (G1 phase), as well as increase in genetic material (G2 phase) following the replication during S phase.

neg: Tetraploid complementation assay The tetraploid complementation assay is a technique in biology in which cells of two mammalian embryos are combined to form a new embryo. It is used to construct genetically modified organisms, to study the consequences of certain mutations on embryonal development, and in the study of pluripotent stem cells.

neg: Catherine Verfaillie Catherine M. Verfaillie (] ; born 1957) is a Belgian molecular biologist and professor at the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (Leuven, Belgium). Her work on the ability of adult stem cells to differentiate to different cell types has garnered controversy due to accusations of poor laboratory practices and fabrication of data by members of her laboratory.

neg: Immortal DNA strand hypothesis The immortal DNA strand hypothesis was proposed in 1975 by John Cairns as a mechanism for adult stem cells to minimize mutations in their genomes. This hypothesis proposes that instead of segregating their DNA during mitosis in a random manner, adult stem cells divide their DNA asymmetrically, and retain a distinct template set of DNA strands (parental strands) in each division. By retaining the same set of template DNA strands, adult stem cells would pass mutations arising from errors in DNA replication on to non-stem cell daughters that soon terminally differentiate (end mitotic divisions and become a functional cell). Passing on these replication errors would allow adult stem cells to reduce their rate of accumulation of mutations that could lead to serious genetic disorders such as cancer.