query: Orrin Cromwell Evans, was a pioneering African-American journalist and comic book publisher, he also published which 1947, single-issue, small-press American comic book that represents the first known comics magazine written and drawn solely by African-American writers and artists?

pos: Orrin C. Evans Orrin Cromwell Evans (1902–1971) was a pioneering African-American journalist and comic book publisher. Considered "the first black writer to cover general assignments for a mainstream white newspaper in the United States," he also published "All-Negro Comics", the first known comics magazine written and drawn solely by African-American writers and artists.

pos: All-Negro Comics All-Negro Comics, published in 1947, was a single-issue, small-press American comic book that represents the first known comics magazine written and drawn solely by African-American writers and artists.

neg: Dell Comics Dell Comics was the comic book publishing arm of Dell Publishing, which got its start in pulp magazines. It published comics from 1929 to 1974. At its peak, it was the most prominent and successful American company in the medium. In 1953 Dell claimed to be the world's largest comics publisher, selling 26 million copies each month.

neg: Ebony (magazine) Ebony is a monthly magazine for the African-American market. It was founded by John H. Johnson in Chicago and has published continuously since the autumn of 1945. A digest-sized sister magazine, "Jet", was founded by the Johnson Publishing Company. After 71 years, in 2016, Johnson sold the publications to private equity firm Clear View Group. The new publisher will be known as Ebony Media Corporation.

neg: Effie Lee Newsome Effie Lee Newsome (1885–1979), born Mary Effie Lee in Philadelphia, was a Harlem Renaissance writer. She mostly wrote children's poems, and was the first famous African-American poet whose work was mostly in this area. She edited a column in "The Crisis" from 1925 until 1929, called "The Little Page", where she made drawings and wrote poetry for children and parables about being young and black in the 1920s. Newsome also illustrated for children's magazines and edited children's columns for "Opportunity".

neg: The Comic Reader The Comic Reader (TCR) was a comics news-fanzine published from 1961 to 1984. Debuting in the pre-direct market era (before the proliferation of comics retailers), "TCR" was the first regularly published comics industry news fanzine, and was able to secure many contacts from within the ranks of the larger publishers. As "TCR" increased in popularity and influence, it was able to attract professional artist to illustrate the covers. "TCR" also proved to be a launching pad for aspiring comic book creators, many of whom published work in the fanzine as amateurs. Contributors from the world of fandom included founding editor Jerry Bails, key editor Paul Levitz, Paul Kupperberg, Tony Isabella, Byron Preiss, Neal Pozner, Don Rosa, Carl Gafford, and Doug Hazlewood.

neg: Revolutionary Comics Revolutionary Comics (1989–1994) was a U.S. comic book publisher specializing in unauthorized profiles of entertainers and professional athletes, as well as a line of erotic comics. Its flagship series was "Rock 'N' Roll Comics". Founded by Todd Loren, Revolutionary Comics was based in San Diego.

neg: First Comics First Comics was an American comic-book publisher that was active from 1983 to 1991, known for titles like "American Flagg!", "Grimjack", "Nexus", "Badger", "Dreadstar", and "Jon Sable". Along with competitors like Pacific Comics and Eclipse Comics, First took early advantage of the growing direct market, attracting a number of writers and artists from DC and Marvel to produce creator-owned titles, which, as they were not subject to the Comics Code, were free to feature more mature content.

neg: Hell-Rider Hell-Rider is a short-lived, black-and-white comics magazine published by Skywald Publications, a 1970s company best known for its horror-comics magazines "Nightmare", "Psycho", and "Scream". Like them and the similar publications of Warren Publishing, these were mature-audience magazines not covered by comic books' Comics Code Authority. Its cover price was 60¢, typical for that format and time, during which standard comic books sold for 15¢.

neg: Powerhouse Pepper Powerhouse Pepper is an American humor comics series by Basil Wolverton, published in the 1940s by Timely Comics, a predecessor of Marvel Comics. He first appeared in the humor anthology "Joker Comics" #1 (April 1942). His final appearance occurred in Spring 1948.

neg: National Comics (series) National Comics was an anthology comic book series published by Quality Comics, from July, 1940 until November, 1949. It ran for 75 issues.

neg: Fred Schwab Fred Schwab (August 25, 1917 – May 13, 2000) was an American cartoonist whose humor panels and short features were published in a wide variety of comic books from at least 1938 to 1950, during a period fans and historians call the Golden Age of Comic Books. His notable comic-book appearances include Timely Comics' "Marvel Comics" #1 (Oct. 1939), the first publication of the company that would become Marvel Comics; and some of the earliest publications of the companies that would become DC Comics.

neg: Marvel Mystery Comics Marvel Mystery Comics (first issue titled simply Marvel Comics) is an American comic book series published during the 1930s–1940s period known to fans and historians as the Golden Age of Comic Books. It was the first publication of Marvel Comics' predecessor, Timely Comics, a division of Timely Publications.

neg: Master Comics Master Comics was a monthly ongoing comic book anthology series that began its 133-issue run (cover dated March 1940 – April 1953) during the 1930s and 1940s period known as the Golden Age of Comic Books. Published by Fawcett Comics, it contained features starring superhero characters including Master Man, in the first six issues only, Bulletman, Minute-Man, and its best-known character, Captain Marvel, Jr., part of the lighthearted Marvel Family.

neg: The Afro-American Press and Its Editors Afro-American Press and Its Editors is a book published in 1891 written by Irvine Garland Penn. Penn covers African American newspapers and magazines published between 1827 and 1891. The book covers many aspects of journalism, and devotes a chapter to black female journalists. Penn believed that the black press played a crucial role in presenting the case to the broader American population that black people were fit for the full benefits of citizenship.

neg: Organization of Black American Culture The Organization of Black American Culture (OBAC) was conceived during the era of the Civil Rights Movement by Hoyt W. Fuller as a collective of African-American writers, artists, historians, educators, intellectuals, community activists, and others. Founded on Southside Chicago in May 1967 by a group of Black intellectuals that included Fuller (editor of "Negro Digest"), the poet Conrad Kent Rivers, and Gerald McWorter (later Abdul Alkalimat), OBAC aimed to coordinate artistic support in the struggle for freedom, justice and equality of opportunity for African Americans. The organization had workshops for visual arts, theater, and writing, and produced two publications: a newsletter, "Cumbaya", and the magazine "Nommo".

neg: B.C. (comic strip) B.C. is a daily American comic strip created by cartoonist Johnny Hart. Set in prehistoric times, it features a group of cavemen and anthropomorphic animals from various geologic eras. "B.C." made its newspaper debut on February 17, 1958, and was among the longest-running strips still written and drawn by its original creator when Hart died at his drawing board in Nineveh, New York, on April 7, 2007.

neg: Toon Books Toon Books is a publisher of hardcover comic book early readers founded by Françoise Mouly. With titles by such creators as Geoffrey Hayes, Jay Lynch, Dean Haspiel, Eleanor Davis, and Mouly's collaborator and husband, Art Spiegelman, Toon Books promotes its line as "the first high-quality comics designed for children ages four and up."

neg: John Stewart (comics) John Stewart, one of the characters known as Green Lantern, is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics and was the first African-American superhero to appear in DC Comics. The character was created by Dennis O'Neil and Neal Adams, and first appeared in "Green Lantern" #87 (December 1971).

neg: Emerge (magazine) Emerge was a monthly news magazine that was published from 1989 to 2000. Its primary focus was on issues of interest to African Americans. In 2000, "Time" said "Emerge" was "the nation's best black newsmagazine for the past seven years" the "St. Louis Post-Dispatch" described it as "the premier source for intellectual discussion on issues affecting African-Americans", and the "New York Amsterdam News" wrote that "it had no rival for cutting edge news for and about the Black community". The magazine was headquartered in Washington, D.C.

neg: It Rhymes with Lust It Rhymes with Lust is an illustrated book, originally published in 1950, considered one of the most notable precursors of the graphic novel. Called a "picture novel" on the cover and published by the comic book and magazine company St. John Publications, it was written by Arnold Drake and Leslie Waller (together using the pseudonym "Drake Waller"), with black-and-white art by Matt Baker and inker Ray Osrin.

neg: All-American Comics All-American Comics was the flagship title of comic book publisher All-American Publications, one of the forerunners of DC Comics. It ran for 102 issues from 1939 to 1948. Characters created for the title, including Green Lantern, the Atom, the Red Tornado, Doctor Mid-Nite, and Sargon the Sorcerer, later became mainstays of the DC comics line.


query: Elizabeth Josephine Sullivan Loesser was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical for her performance as Rosabella in "The Most Happy Fella",  a 1956 musical with a book, music, and lyrics by who?

pos: Jo Sullivan Loesser Elizabeth Josephine Sullivan Loesser (born August 28, 1927) is an American soprano and the widow of composer Frank Loesser. She was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical in 1957 for her performance as Rosabella in "The Most Happy Fella".

pos: The Most Happy Fella The Most Happy Fella is a 1956 musical with a book, music, and lyrics by Frank Loesser. The story, about a romance between an older man and younger woman, is based on the play "They Knew What They Wanted" by Sidney Howard. The original Broadway production ran for 14 months and it has enjoyed several revivals, including one staged by the New York City Opera.

neg: 70, Girls, 70 70, Girls, 70 is a musical with a book by Fred Ebb and Norman L. Martin adapted by Joe Masteroff, lyrics by Ebb, and music by John Kander.

neg: Good Times (musical) Good Times was a popular 1920 Broadway musical extravaganza, with music by Raymond Hubbell and a book by R. H. Burnside. Produced by Charles Dillingham, it debuted on August 9, 1920 at the Hippodrome in New York City and ran for 456 performances, the longest run for the 1920-21 season. It was sixth of Dillingham's elaborate spectacles at the Hippodrome.

neg: Where Is Love? "Where is Love?" is a song from the Tony Award-winning British musical "Oliver!" and the 1968 film "Oliver!" based on the novel "Oliver Twist" by Charles Dickens. The musical was written by Lionel Bart and was first staged in London's West End in 1960.

neg: Oh, Lady! Lady!! Oh, Lady! Lady!! is a musical with music by Jerome Kern, a book by Guy Bolton and P. G. Wodehouse and lyrics by Wodehouse. It was written for the Princess Theatre on Broadway, where it played in 1918 and ran for 219 performances. The story concerns an engaged young man, Bill, whose ex-fiancée arrives unexpectedly on his wedding day. Bill works to convince his old flame that he was not worthy to marry her, but his clumsy efforts do not make him look good to his new fiancée, whose mother already dislikes Bill. A couple of crooks cause further complications.

neg: Top Banana (film) Top Banana is a 1954 musical film based on the musical of the same name, starring Phil Silvers, and featuring Rose Marie, Judy Lynn, Jack Albertson and Joey Faye, all of whom reprised their roles from the Broadway production of the musical.

neg: A Wonderful Life (musical) A Wonderful Life is a musical with a book and lyrics by Sheldon Harnick and music by Joe Raposo.

neg: Pal Joey (musical) Pal Joey is a musical with a book by John O'Hara and music and lyrics by Richard Rodgers and Lorenz Hart. The musical is based on a character and situations O'Hara created in a series of short stories published in "The New Yorker", which he later published in novel form. The title character, Joey Evans, is a manipulative small-time nightclub performer whose ambitions lead him into an affair with the wealthy, middle-aged and married Vera Simpson. It includes two songs that have become standards: "I Could Write a Book" and "Bewitched, Bothered and Bewildered".

neg: Cindy (musical) Cindy is a musical with music and lyrics by Johnny Brandon, and a book by Joe Sauter and Mike Sawyer. It ran Off-Broadway at the Gate, Orpheum, and Cricket Theatres (not simultaneously) in 1964 and 1965. It is an adaptation of the story of Cinderella. It was produced by Chandler Warren and Philip Temple, by arrangement with Stuart Wiener and Jerry Grace.

neg: Anna Karenina (musical) Anna Karenina is a musical with a book and lyrics by Peter Kellogg and music by Daniel Levine. Based on the classic Leo Tolstoy novel of the same name, it focuses on the tragic title character, a fashionable but unhappily married woman, and her ill-fated liaison with Count Vronsky, which ultimately leads to her downfall. Directed by Theodore Mann, the Broadway production opened on August 26, 1992 at the Circle in the Square Theatre and ran for 46 performances. The cast included Ann Crumb in the title role and John Cunningham as Nicolai Karenin.

neg: Hollywood Pinafore Hollywood Pinafore, or The Lad Who Loved a Salary is a musical comedy in two acts by George S. Kaufman, with music by Arthur Sullivan, based on Gilbert and Sullivan's "H.M.S. Pinafore". It opened on Broadway at the Alvin Theatre on May 31, 1945, and closed on July 14, 1945 after 52 performances. It was directed by Kaufman himself and starred Shirley Booth, Victor Moore, George Rasely, and William Gaxton. The adaptation transplants the maritime satire of the original "Pinafore" to a satire of the glamorous world of 1940s Hollywood film making, but Sullivan's score is retained with minor adaptations.

neg: I Can Get It for You Wholesale I Can Get It for You Wholesale is a musical, produced by David Merrick, music and lyrics by Harold Rome, and book by Jerome Weidman, based on his 1937 novel of the same title. It marked the Broadway debut of 19-year-old Barbra Streisand, who was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Musical. The story is set in the New York City Garment District in 1937, during the Great Depression, and the songs utilize traditional Jewish harmonies evocative of the setting and the period of the show.

neg: Too Many Girls (musical) Too Many Girls is a Broadway musical comedy which was adapted for a 1940 film version starring Lucille Ball. The music was composed by Richard Rodgers, the lyrics by Lorenz Hart, and the book was by George Marion, Jr.

neg: Aspects of Love Aspects of Love is a musical with a book and music by Andrew Lloyd Webber and lyrics by Don Black and Charles Hart. It is famous for the song "Love Changes Everything."

neg: Freaky Friday (musical) Freaky Friday is a musical with music and lyrics by Tom Kitt and Brian Yorkey, and a book by Bridget Carpenter. Based on the 1972 book of the same name, the musical is an adaptation of the 1976 and 2003 films. When an overworked mother and her teenage daughter magically swap bodies, they have just one day to put things right again before mom’s big wedding.

neg: Show Boat Show Boat is a musical in two acts, with music by Jerome Kern and book and lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II, based on Edna Ferber's best-selling novel of the same name. The musical follows the lives of the performers, stagehands and dock workers on the "Cotton Blossom", a Mississippi River show boat, over 40 years from 1887 to 1927. Its themes include racial prejudice and tragic, enduring love. The musical contributed such classic songs as "Ol' Man River", "Make Believe", and "Can't Help Lovin' Dat Man".

neg: A Doll's Life A Doll's Life is a musical with a book and lyrics by Betty Comden and Adolph Green and music by Larry Grossman. It is among the most notorious flops in Broadway theatre history.

neg: Oh, Boy! (musical) Oh, Boy! is a musical in two acts, with music by Jerome Kern and book and lyrics by Guy Bolton and P. G. Wodehouse. The story concerns befuddled George, who elopes with Lou Ellen, the daughter of Judge Carter. He must win over her parents and his Quaker aunt. His dapper polo champion friend Jim is in love with madcap actress Jackie, but George must hide her while she extricates herself from a scrape with a bumbling constable whom she punched at a party raid.

neg: The Blue Moon (musical) The Blue Moon is an Edwardian musical comedy with music composed by Howard Talbot and Paul Rubens, lyrics by Percy Greenbank and Rubens and a book by Harold Ellis and by Alexander M. Thompson. It is set in India during the days of the British Raj, and concerns the love of a singing girl for a young British army officer.

neg: Up from Paradise Up from Paradise is a musical with a book and lyrics by Arthur Miller and music by Stanley Silverman.

neg: The Belle of New York (musical) The Belle of New York is a musical comedy in two acts, with book and lyrics by Hugh Morton and music by Gustave Kerker, about a Salvation Army girl who reforms a spendthrift, makes a great sacrifice and finds true love.


query: "Different for Girls" is a song by Dierks Bentley that features an American singer who released her debut album on what date?

pos: Different for Girls (Dierks Bentley song) "Different for Girls" is a song recorded by American country music artist Dierks Bentley. It features American singer and songwriter Elle King and was released to country radio on June 6, 2016, as the second single from Bentley's eighth studio album, "Black" (2016). It was nominated for "Vocal Event of the Year" at the 2016 CMA Awards. The song was written by Shane McAnally and J. T. Harding.

pos: Elle King Tanner Elle Schneider (born July 3, 1989), known professionally as Elle King, is an American singer, songwriter, and actress. Her musical style encompasses country, soul, rock and blues. In 2012, King released her debut EP, "The Elle King EP", on RCA. The EP track "Playing for Keeps" is the theme song for VH1's "Mob Wives Chicago" series. She released her debut album, "Love Stuff" on February 17, 2015. The album produced the US top 10 single "Ex's & Oh's," which earned her two Grammy Award nominations. King has also toured with acts such as Of Monsters and Men, Train and Michael Kiwanuka. She is the daughter of comedian Rob Schneider and former model London King. She currently resides in Los Angeles, not Brooklyn.

neg: Girls Can't Do What the Guys Do "Girls Can't Do What the Guys Do" is a single by American recording artist Betty Wright from her debut studio album "My First Time Around" (1968). It was written by Willie Clarke and Clarence Reid, and released in 1968 by Alston Records. It reached number thirty-three on the US "Billboard" Hot 100 and number fifteen on the US Hot Rhythm & Blues Singles. It has been covered and sampled by several artists.

neg: Santa Claus Lane Santa Claus Lane is the debut studio album by American singer Hilary Duff. It was released in the United States on October 15, 2002 by Buena Vista Records. The holiday album contains covers of Christmas songs, including "Santa Claus Is Coming to Town", "Jingle Bell Rock" and "Last Christmas". The album also features guest appearances from Christina Milian, Lil' Romeo and Duff's sister Haylie.

neg: Amerie Ameriie Mi Marie Rogers (born January 12, 1980), known professionally as Amerie (currently Ameriie), is an American singer, songwriter, author, actress and record producer. She debuted in 2002 with her highly acclaimed debut album "All I Have". In 2003, she helped develop the BET original series "The Center", which she also hosted, and, during her run as host, accumulated the highest ratings ever for any show in its time slot. Amerie's time on the series was short-lived due to her landing a starring role in the 2004 film "First Daughter", alongside Katie Holmes, Marc Blucas, and Michael Keaton. In 2005, Amerie released her sophomore album "Touch", which included her biggest hit to date, "1 Thing". The song and the album earned her two Grammy nominations and gained her crossover recognition. Her third album, "Because I Love It", achieved moderate international success in 2007, although it was not released in North America and she was subsequently bought out of her Sony contract by LA Reid Columbia Records' roster. Ameriie released her fourth studio album, "In Love & War", in 2009 on Island Def Jam.

neg: Fantasia Barrino Fantasia Monique Taylor (née Barrino; born June 30, 1984), known professionally by her mononym Fantasia, is an American R&B singer, songwriter, and actress. She rose to fame as the winner of the third season of the reality television series "American Idol" in 2004. Following her victory, she released her debut single, "I Believe," which debuted at number one on the "Billboard" Hot 100. Subsequently, she released her debut album, "Free Yourself", which went on to be certified Platinum by the RIAA and earned Fantasia three Grammy nominations in 2006.

neg: Priscilla Renea Priscilla Renea Hamilton (born September 14, 1988) is an American singer and songwriter. She is signed to Capitol Records, and her debut album, "Jukebox", was released on December 1, 2009, but failed to garner substantial success. She is also married.

neg: Two Eleven Two Eleven is the sixth studio album by American recording artist Brandy Norwood. Released on October 12, 2012, "Two Eleven" serves as the singer's debut release with Chameleon Entertainment and RCA Records after departing from Epic Records soon after releasing her previous album, "Human" (2008). The album's title is taken from Norwood's birthday; it is also the day on which her idol and friend, entertainer Whitney Houston died.

neg: Love Song (Sara Bareilles song) "Love Song" is American singer-songwriter Sara Bareilles' debut single, released in June 2007 via Epic Records from her major-label debut album, "Little Voice" (2007). It was nominated for 2009 Grammy Awards in the categories Song of the Year and Best Female Pop Vocal Performance.

neg: Lacey Brown Lacey Elizabeth Brown (born August 13, 1985) is an American singer-songwriter and artist from Amarillo, Texas, who was the twelfth place finalist on the ninth season of "American Idol". Brown released her debut EP "Let It Go" on May 31, 2011.

neg: The Songstress The Songstress is the debut solo album by the American R&B/soul singer Anita Baker. It was originally released in 1983 by Beverly Glen Music, and was Baker's only album for that label prior to signing with Elektra Records with whom she had a string of hit albums. "The Songstress" was not a commercial success upon its initial release, though the album met with moderate success on the R&B charts.

neg: Christina Perri Christina Judith Perri (born August 19, 1986) is an American singer and songwriter from Bucks County, Pennsylvania. After her debut single "Jar of Hearts" was featured on the Fox television series "So You Think You Can Dance" in 2010, Perri released her debut extended play, "The Ocean Way Sessions". Soon after, she signed with Atlantic Records and released her debut studio album, "Lovestrong" (2011).

neg: All I Ever Wanted (album) All I Ever Wanted is the fourth studio album by American singer Kelly Clarkson, released on March 6, 2009 by RCA Records. After the controversies that surrounded her previous studio album, "My December" (2007), which was seen as darker than her other two albums, Clarkson went on to record a more pop-oriented album. In order to do so, she enlisted her previous collaborators Max Martin, Dr. Luke, (whom she worked with on her 2004 second album, "Breakaway"), Sam Watters and Louis Biancaniello (whom she worked with on her 2003 debut album "Thankful"), and new collaborators, Ryan Tedder, Howard Benson and Dre & Vidal.

neg: Lip Gloss "Lip Gloss" is the debut single by American hip hop recording artist Lil Mama. It was released June 19, 2007, as the lead single from her debut album "".

neg: Home (Dierks Bentley album) Home is the sixth studio album by American country music singer Dierks Bentley. It was released in February 2012 via Capitol Records Nashville. The album produced four singles—"Am I the Only One", the "title track", "5-1-5-0", and "Tip It On Back"—on the Hot Country Songs chart between 2011 and 2012, with the first three on those reaching went to number 1.

neg: Kristinia DeBarge Kristinia Jamie DeBarge ( ; born March 8, 1990) is an American singer, songwriter, dancer and actress. DeBarge first appeared on national television in 2003 as a contestant on the "American Idol" spin-off, "American Juniors". In 2009, DeBarge signed a contract with the Island Records department Sodapop, releasing her debut album, "Exposed", in July of the same year. The first single, "Goodbye", reached the top 20 in the US and Canada.

neg: Blue (LeAnn Rimes album) Blue is the debut album by American country singer LeAnn Rimes, released in the United States on July 9, 1996 by Curb Records. It reached No. 3 on "Billboard" 200, and No. 1 on Top Country Albums.

neg: Jennifer Lopez discography American singer Jennifer Lopez has released eight studio albums, two compilation albums, one extended play, three box sets, and 63 singles (including 13 as a featured artist, nine promotional singles and four charity singles). After Lopez signed a record deal with the Work Group, she made her chart debut in May 1999 with "If You Had My Love", which reached number one in six countries. It was followed by the release of her debut studio album, "On the 6" (1999), which peaked within the top five in several countries including Germany, Canada, and Switzerland. Apart from her debut single, four more singles were released from "On the 6": "Waiting for Tonight", "Feelin' So Good" and "Let's Get Loud".

neg: Ferras Ferras Alqaisi ( ; born July 2, 1982) is an American singer-songwriter from Los Angeles, California. He is well known for his single "Hollywood's Not America" from his debut album "Aliens & Rainbows", which was featured as the exit song during the semi-final round of "American Idol" season 7. He is signed with Unsub Records, a subsidiary of Capitol Records founded by Katy Perry, being the first artist to sign with her label. In June 2014 he released his self-titled EP through the label.

neg: Like a Woman Like a Woman is the debut studio album by American singer Kacy Hill. It was released on June 30, 2017 by G.O.O.D. Music and Def Jam Recordings.

neg: Bryson Tiller Bryson Djuan Tiller (born January 2, 1993), is an American singer, songwriter and rapper. Born in Louisville, Kentucky, he started his career in 2011, releasing the debut mixtape titled "Killer Instinct Vol.1". Tiller initially gained notable recognition following the release of his debut single, "Don't", which peaked at number 13 on the "Billboard" Hot 100, also being remixed by numerous other artists. Tiller's debut studio album, "Trapsoul", was released in October 2015 and peaked at number eight on the "Billboard" 200 chart. In May 2017, Tiller released his second studio album, "True to Self", which debuted at number one on the "Billboard" 200.

neg: Sparks Fly (album) Sparks Fly is the debut studio album by American actress and pop singer Miranda Cosgrove. The plans for the album were first announced in July 2008, and the album was released by Columbia Records on April 27, 2010 as a standard edition and a deluxe edition and Epic Records in India and Italy. The album has been preceded by its lead single, "Kissin U" which was co-written by Cosgrove, Claude Kelly and Dr. Luke, who produced it with HitmanKTI, and was released on March 22, 2010. The album sold 36,000 copies in its first week, making its peak No. 8 on the "Billboard" 200.


query: Which magazine was founded earlier, the Texas Monthly or the Humbug?

pos: Texas Monthly Texas Monthly is a monthly American magazine headquartered in Downtown Austin, Texas. "Texas Monthly" was founded in 1973 by Michael R. Levy and has been published by Emmis Publishing, L.P. since 1998 and now owned by Genesis Park, LP. "Texas Monthly" chronicles life in contemporary Texas, writing on politics, the environment, industry, and education. The magazine also covers leisure topics such as music, art, dining, and travel. It is a member of the City and Regional Magazine Association (CRMA).

pos: Humbug (magazine) Humbug was a humor magazine edited 1957–1958 by Harvey Kurtzman with satirical jabs at movies, television, advertising and various artifacts of popular culture, from cereal boxes to fashion photographs. Nine of the eleven issues were published in a black-and-white comic book-sized format.

neg: True West Magazine True West Magazine (alternate title: True West) is an American magazine that covers the icons like Wyatt Earp, Doc Holliday, Billy the Kid, and Jesse James and relates American Old West history back to the present day to show the role contemporary Western heritage plays in keeping the spirit of the Old West alive today.

neg: Musician (magazine) Musician (1976–1999) was a monthly magazine that covered news and information about American popular music. Initially called "Music America", it was founded in 1976 by Sam Holdsworth and Gordon Baird. The two friends borrowed $20,000 from relatives and started the publication in a barn in Colorado.

neg: The Blood-Horse The Blood-Horse is a weekly news magazine published by Blood-Horse Publications that originated in 1916 as a monthly bulletin put out by the Thoroughbred Horse Association.

neg: High Times High Times is a New York-based monthly magazine founded in 1974 by Tom Forçade. The publication advocates the legalization of cannabis. The magazine has been involved in the marijuana-using counterculture since its inception.

neg: The Nose (magazine) The Nose was a satirical magazine based in San Francisco. It was founded by Jack Boulware and David Latimer in 1988 and published from 1989 to 1995, with 5 issues a year.

neg: Parag (magazine) Parag (Hindi: पराग ) was a monthly Hindi children's magazine published from Delhi by The Times Group in the early 1960s. The magazine targeted nine-year olds and older children. It was among the most popular children's magazines of its time, but stopped publication after more than a decade of publishing. Kanhaiyalal Nandan and Harikrishna Devsare were the editors of "Parag".

neg: H (magazine) h Magazine was an American magazine, published by Apple Ridge Films, a company founded by photographer, Robert Todd Williamson. The publication covered entertainment news, film, television, music, theater, books, multimedia, and popular culture. "h"'s primary focus was entertainment media and critical reviews, and, while it was aimed at the wider consumer market, the magazine's viewpoint was from an industry insider perspective.

neg: Ebony (magazine) Ebony is a monthly magazine for the African-American market. It was founded by John H. Johnson in Chicago and has published continuously since the autumn of 1945. A digest-sized sister magazine, "Jet", was founded by the Johnson Publishing Company. After 71 years, in 2016, Johnson sold the publications to private equity firm Clear View Group. The new publisher will be known as Ebony Media Corporation.

neg: Tomorrow (magazine) "To-Morrow" magazine was founded 1903 as the "Bulletin of the Morris Society, Chicago" and changed its name to "To-Morrow - A Monthly Handbook of the Changing Order" in 1905. Two months after the name change the editor became Parker H. Sercombe who advertised as "A Rational Monthly Magazine". The Society had no direct connection with the William Morris Society (founded 1955, England).

neg: Phoenix Home & Garden Phoenix Home & Garden is a monthly magazine based in Phoenix, Arizona, USA. It is written for people who desire information on Southwest USA living and regional advice for growing desert plants.

neg: Humo's Rock Rally Humo's Rock Rally is a Belgian contest for rock bands, organized every second year since 1978. It is organized by the Belgian magazine HUMO.

neg: Inc. (magazine) Inc. magazine, founded in 1979 and based in New York City, is an American monthly publication focused on growing companies. The magazine publishes annual lists of the 500 and 5000 fastest-growing publicly held small companies in the U.S., called the "Inc. 500" and "Inc. 5000".

neg: E. W. Howe Edgar Watson Howe (May 3, 1853 – October 3, 1937), sometimes referred to as E. W. Howe, was an American novelist and newspaper and magazine editor in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He was perhaps best known for his magazine, "E.W. Howe's Monthly". Howe was well traveled and known for his sharp wit in his editorials.

neg: National Wildlife National Wildlife is an American magazine published bi-monthly by the National Wildlife Federation (NWF), a nonprofit conservation group. In publication since 1962, and with an emphasis on wildlife conservation and natural history, it is designed to inform NWF’s Associate Members and other readers about key issues relating to the nation's natural resources and environment.

neg: Metro Magazine Metro Magazine is a trade magazine for bus and rail transit and motorcoach operators, published in the United States since 1904, taking its current name in 1975. It is published monthly, except for July and December, by Bobit Business Media. The magazine is headquartered in Torrance, California.

neg: Giant Robot (magazine) Giant Robot was a bi-monthly magazine of Asian and Asian American popular culture founded in Southern California in 1994. It was initially created as a small, punk-minded magazine that featured Asian pop culture and Asian American alternative culture, including such varied subject matter as history, art, music, film, books, toys, technology, food and skateboarding. The publication grew from its original format—a small, photocopied zine, folded and stapled by hand—to its current full-color format." Giant Robot" was one of the earliest American publications to feature prominent Asian film stars such as Chow Yun-fat and Jet Li, as well as Asian musicians from indie and punk rock bands. The coverage later expanded into art, design, Asian American issues, travel, and much more.

neg: The Chap The Chap is a British humorous men's lifestyle magazine published quarterly. It was founded in 1999 by Gustav Temple and Vic Darkwood, and is still edited by Temple. The magazine proposes that men everywhere return to a more gentlemanly way of life by rejecting modern vulgarity and careless, shabby or faddish dress sense through the restoration of the lifestyle, habits, manners and traditional fashion sense of a mid-20th century (or earlier) British "chap". Thus it advises men to wear traditional British suits and other similar well-tailored clothing, especially those cut from tweed; to keep their trousers sharply pressed; to be impeccably groomed; to wear quality handmade shoes, brightly polished; and a return to the wearing of hats.

neg: Nebelspalter The Nebelspalter is a Swiss satirical magazine. It was founded in 1875 by Jean Nötzli of Zurich as an ""illustrated humorous political weekly"." The magazine was modelled on British magazine "Punch". It continues to this day, though has been a monthly since late 1996. When "Punch" ceased publication in 2002, "Nebelspalter" became the oldest continually published humor magazine in the world.

neg: Punk (magazine) Punk was a music magazine and fanzine created by cartoonist John Holmstrom, publisher Ged Dunn, and "resident punk" Legs McNeil in 1975. Its use of the term "punk rock", coined by writers for "Creem" magazine a few years earlier, further popularized the term. The founders were influenced by their affection for comic books and the music of The Stooges, the New York Dolls, and The Dictators. Holmstrom later called it "the print version of The Ramones". It was also the first publication to popularize the CBGB scene.

neg: Chunklet (magazine) Chunklet is a Georgia-based American humor and music magazine founded by Henry H. Owings in 1993.


query: In what 700 B.C. culture saaw the annexation of modern-day Greece by yhe Persian Empire?

pos: Classical Greece Classical Greece was a period of around 200 years (5th and 4th centuries BC) in Greek culture. This Classical period saw the annexation of much of modern-day Greece by the Persian Empire and its subsequent independence. Classical Greece had a powerful influence on the Roman Empire and on the foundations of western civilization. Much of modern Western politics, artistic thought (architecture, sculpture), scientific thought, theatre, literature, and philosophy derives from this period of Greek history. In the context of the art, architecture, and culture of Ancient Greece, the Classical period, sometimes called the Hellenic period, corresponds to most of the 5th and 4th centuries BC (the most common dates being the fall of the last Athenian tyrant in 510 BC and the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC). The Classical period in this sense follows the Archaic period and is in turn succeeded by the Hellenistic period.

pos: Theatre of ancient Greece The ancient Greek drama was a theatrical culture that flourished in ancient Greece from c. 700 BC. The city-state of Athens, which became a significant cultural, political, and military power during this period, was its center, where it was institutionalised as part of a festival called the Dionysia, which honoured the god Dionysus. Tragedy (late 500 BC), comedy (490 BC), and the satyr play were the three dramatic genres to emerge there. Athens exported the festival to its numerous colonies and allies in order to promote a common cultural identity.

neg: Islam in Iran The Islamic conquest of Persia (637–651) led to the end of the Sasanian Empire and the eventual decline of the Zoroastrian religion in Persia. However, the achievements of the previous Persian civilizations were not lost, but were to a great extent absorbed by the new Islamic polity. Islam has been the official religion of Iran since then, except for a short duration after the Mongol raids and establishment of Ilkhanate. Iran became an Islamic republic after the Islamic Revolution of 1979.

neg: Greater Iran Greater Iran (Persian: ایران بزرگ  , "Irān-e Bozorg"), also referred to as Greater Persia (سرزمین پارس , "Sarzamin-e Pārs"), is a term used to refer to the regions of the Caucasus, West Asia, Central Asia, and parts of South Asia that has significant Iranian cultural influence due to having been either long historically ruled by the various Iranian (Persian) empires (such as those of the Medes, Achaemenids, Parthians, Sassanians, Samanids, Safavids, and Afsharids and the Qajar Empire), having considerable aspects of Persian culture due to extensive contact with the various Empires based in Persia (e.g., those regions and peoples in the North Caucasus that were not under direct Iranian rule), or are simply nowadays still inhabited by a significant amount of Iranic peoples who patronize their respective cultures (as it goes for the western parts of South Asia, Bahrain and China). It roughly corresponds to the territory on the Iranian plateau and its bordering plains. The Encyclopædia Iranica uses the term "Iranian Cultural Continent" for this region.

neg: Seleucid Dynastic Wars The Seleucid Dynastic Wars were a series of wars of succession that were fought between competing branches of the Seleucid Royal household for control of the Seleucid Empire. Beginning as a by-product of several succession crises that arose from the reigns of Seleucus IV Philopator and his brother Antiochus IV Epiphanes in the 170s and 160s, the wars typified the final years of the empire and were an important cause of its decline as a major power in the Near East and Hellenistic world. The last war ended with the collapse of the kingdom and its annexation by the Romans in 63 BC.

neg: Byzantine–Sasanian War of 572–591 The Byzantine–Sasanian War of 572–591 was a war fought between the Sasanian Empire of Persia and the Eastern Roman Empire, termed by modern historians as the Byzantine Empire. It was triggered by pro-Byzantine revolts in areas of the Caucasus under Persian hegemony, although other events contributed to its outbreak. The fighting was largely confined to the southern Caucasus and Mesopotamia, although it also extended into eastern Anatolia, Syria, and northern Iran. It was part of an intense sequence of wars between these two empires which occupied the majority of the 6th and early 7th centuries. It was also the last of the many wars between them to follow a pattern in which fighting was largely confined to frontier provinces and neither side achieved any lasting occupation of enemy territory beyond this border zone. It preceded a much more wide-ranging and dramatic final conflict in the early 7th century.

neg: Parthia Parthia (Old Persian: 𐎱𐎼𐎰𐎺 , Parθava, Parthian: 𐭐𐭓𐭕𐭅 , Parθaw, Middle Persian: 𐭯𐭫𐭮𐭥𐭡𐭥 , Pahlaw) is a historical region located in north-eastern Iran. It was the political and cultural base of the Arsacid dynasty, rulers of the Parthian Empire (247 BC – 224 AD).

neg: Timeline of the Sasanian Empire The Sassanid Empire or Sassanian Dynasty is the name used for the Persian dynasty which lasted from 224 to 651 AD.

neg: Zagore Zagore (Bulgarian: Загоре , ] ); also "Zagorie", "Zagora", "Zagoria") was a vaguely defined medieval region in what is now Bulgaria. Its name is of Slavic origin and means "beyond [i.e. south of] the [Balkan] mountains". The region was first mentioned as Ζαγόρια in Greek (in an Old Bulgarian translation it was rendered as Загорїа) when it was ceded to the First Bulgarian Empire by the Byzantine Empire during the rule of Tervel of Bulgaria in the very beginning of the 8th century (Byzantine–Bulgarian Treaty of 716). From the context, Zagore can be defined as a region in northeastern Thrace.

neg: Ancient Greek warfare Warfare occurred throughout the history of Ancient Greece, from the Greek Dark Ages onward. The Greek 'Dark Age' drew to a close as a significant increase in population allowed urbanized culture to be restored, which

neg: Darius I Darius I (Old Persian: "Dārayava(h)uš", New Persian: داریوش "Dāryuš" ; c. 550–486 BCE) was the third king of the Persian Achaemenid Empire. Also called Darius the Great, he ruled the empire at its peak, when it included much of West Asia, the Caucasus, parts of the Balkans (Thrace-Macedonia and Paeonia), most of the Black Sea coastal regions, parts of the North Caucasus, Central Asia, as far as the Indus Valley in the far east, and portions of north and northeast Africa including Egypt (Mudrâya), eastern Libya and coastal Sudan.

neg: Indian campaign of Alexander the Great The Indian campaign of Alexander the Great began in 326BC. After conquering the Achaemenid Empire of Persia, the Macedonian king (and now the great king of the Persian Empire), Alexander, launched a campaign into the Indian subcontinent. The rationale for this campaign is usually said to be Alexander's desire to conquer the entire known world, which the Greeks thought ended in India.

neg: Hellenistic religion Hellenistic religion is any of the various systems of beliefs and practices of the people who lived under the influence of ancient Greek culture during the Hellenistic period and the Roman Empire (c. 300 BCE to 300 CE). There was much continuity in Hellenistic religion: the Greek gods continued to be worshipped, and the same rites were practiced as before.

neg: Ancient Thessaly Thessaly or Thessalia (Attic Greek: Θεσσαλία , "Thessalía" Aeolic Greek (Thessalian): Πετθαλία , "Petthalia") was one of the traditional regions of Ancient Greece. During the Mycenaean period, Thessaly was known as Aeolia, a name that continued to be used for one of the major tribes of Greece, the Aeolians, and their dialect of Greek, Aeolic.

neg: Persian literature Persian literature (Persian: ادبیات فارسی  "adabiyāt-e fārsi"), comprises oral compositions and written texts in the Persian language and it is one of the world's oldest literatures. It spans two-and-a-half millennia, though much of the pre-Islamic material has been lost. Its sources have been within Greater Iran including present-day Iran, Iraq, the Caucasus, and Turkey, regions of Central and South Asia where the Persian language has historically been either the native or official language. For instance, Mowlana Rumi, one of best-loved Persian poets, born in Balkh or Vakhsh (in what is now Afghanistan), wrote in Persian, and lived in Konya, then the capital of the Seljuks in Anatolia. The Ghaznavids conquered large territories in Central and South Asia and adopted Persian as their court language. There is thus Persian literature from Iran, Mesopotamia, Azerbaijan, the wider Caucasus, Turkey, western parts of Pakistan, India, Tajikistan and other parts of Central Asia. Not all Persian literature is written in Persian, as some consider works written by ethnic Persians in other languages, such as Greek and Arabic, to be included. At the same time, not all literature written in Persian is written by ethnic Persians or Iranians, as Turkic, Caucasian, and Indic poets and writers have also used the Persian language in the environment of Persianate cultures.

neg: Bardiya Bardia, Bardiya (Old Persian: 𐎲𐎼𐎮𐎡𐎹 "Bardiya";), Barziya (Babylonian), or Pirtiya (Elamite), also known as Smerdis (Ancient Greek Σμέρδις "Smerdis") (possibly died 522 BC) was a son of Cyrus the Greatand the younger brother of Cambyses II, both Persian kings There are sharply divided views on his life. He either ruled the Achaemenid Empire for a few months in 522 BC, or was impersonated by a magus called Gaumāta. (Old Persian: 𐎥𐎢𐎶𐎠𐎫 )

neg: Muslim conquest of Persia The Muslim conquest of Persia, also known as the Arab conquest of Iran, led to the end of the Sasanian Empire in 651 and the eventual decline of the Zoroastrian religion in Persia.

neg: Battle of Hyrba The Battle of Hyrba was the first battle between the Persians and Medians, taking place around 552 BC. It was also the first battle after the Persians had revolted. These actions were led (for the most part) by Cyrus the Great, as he shifted the powers of the ancient Middle East. The Persian success in the battle led to the creation of Persia's first empire and began Cyrus's decade long conquest of almost all of the known world. Though the only authority with a detailed account of the battle was Nicolaus of Damascus, other well-known historians such as Herodotus, Ctesias, and Strabo also mention the battle in their own accounts.

neg: Uxii The Uxii were a tribal confederation of non-Iranian semi-nomadic people who lived somewhere in the Zagros Mountains. They were classified by Nearchus as among the four predatory peoples of the southwest along with the Mardi, Sousii, and Elymaei. They raided the settled people of Iran and raised sheep. The Uxii also tolled passing armies until they were defeated by Alexander the Great at the Battle of the Uxian Defile. After some time, the Uxians regained independence. Some think that the tolling was a gift tradition from the Persian kings to local tribes, and wasn't forced (especially as the need for Darius to go out of his way to pay the "toll". Greek authors may have misinterpreted the practice or spun it to make Darius look weak. Achaemenid policy on people such as the Uxii involved gift giving and condensing tribal confederations together and then setting up a loyal ruler for that tribe.

neg: Antiochus III the Great Antiochus III the Great (Greek: Ἀντίoχoς Μέγας ; c. 241187 BC, ruled 222–187 BC) was a Hellenistic Greek king and the 6th ruler of the Seleucid Empire. He ruled over the region of Syria and large parts of the rest of western Asia towards the end of the 3rd century BC. Rising to the throne at the age of eighteen in 222 BC, his early campaigns against the Ptolemaic Kingdom were unsuccessful, but in the following years Antiochus gained several military victories and substantially expanded the empire's territory. His traditional designation, "the Great", reflects an epithet he assumed. He also assumed the title "Basileus Megas" (Greek for "Great King"), the traditional title of the Persian kings. A militarily active ruler, Antiochus restored much of the territory of the Seleucid Empire, before suffering a serious setback, towards the end of his reign, in his war against Rome.

neg: Achaemenid Empire The Achaemenid Empire ( ; c. 550–330 BC ), also called the First Persian Empire, was an empire based in Western Asia, founded by Cyrus the Great. Ranging at its greatest extent from the Balkans and Eastern Europe proper in the west to the Indus Valley in the east, it was one of the largest empires in history, spanning 5.5 million square kilometers, and was larger than any previous empire in history. It is equally notable for its successful model of a centralised, bureaucratic administration (through satraps under the King of Kings), for building infrastructure such as road systems and a postal system, the use of an official language across its territories, and the development of civil services and a large professional army. The empire's successes inspired similar systems in later empires. It is noted in Western history as the antagonist of the Greek city-states during the Greco-Persian Wars and for the emancipation of the Jewish exiles in Babylon.

neg: Memnon of Rhodes Memnon of Rhodes (Μέμνων ὁ Ῥόδιος, 380 – 333 BC) was the commander of the Greek mercenaries in the service of the Persian king Darius III when Alexander the Great of Macedonia invaded the Persian Empire in 334 BC. Memnon famously advocated a scorched earth policy against Alexander, aware of the Macedonian's lack of supplies and funds. He commanded the mercenaries at the Battle of the Granicus River, where his troops were massacred by the victorious Macedonians.


query: The character portrayed in "Giuliani Time" is a real-life informal adviser to the White House in which area?

pos: Giuliani Time Giuliani Time is a 2005 documentary film by Kevin Keating about Rudy Giuliani, former Mayor of New York City.

pos: Rudy Giuliani Rudolph William Louis Giuliani {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} ( ; born May 28, 1944) is an American lawyer, businessman, public speaker, former mayor of New York City, and an informal adviser on cybersecurity to the White House.

neg: Marcia Fudge Marcia Louise Fudge (born October 29, 1952) is the U.S. Representative for Ohio 's 11th congressional district , serving since 2008. She is a member of the Democratic Party. The district includes most of the black-majority areas between Cleveland and Akron. Fudge was Chairwoman of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 113th Congress. Fudge was chosen to replace Debbie Wasserman Schultz as chair of the 2016 Democratic National Convention after a leak of internal documents released by Wikileaks.

neg: Heather Zichal Heather R. Zichal (born February 8, 1976) is the former Deputy Assistant to the President for Energy and Climate Change, serving in the Barack Obama administration starting in 2009. Following the early 2011 departure of Carol Browner from the administration, Zichal gained the general responsibility of coordinating the administration's energy and climate policy and was an architect of what became the administration's politically controversial Clean Power Plan. Zichal previously served as a legislative director and campaign advisor to several Democratic Party congressional members. In November 2013 she left the administration and became a private consultant and a fellow at the Atlantic Council.

neg: Debategate Debategate or briefing-gate was a political scandal affecting the administration of Ronald Reagan; it took place in the final days of the 1980 presidential election. Reagan's team had somehow acquired President Jimmy Carter's briefing papers, classified top secret, that Carter used in preparation for the October 28, 1980 debate with Reagan. The briefing papers were never specified to be vital strategy memos or just routine position papers. This leak of campaign papers was not divulged to the public until late June 1983, after Laurence Barrett published "Gambling With History: Reagan in the White House", an in-depth account of the Reagan administration's first two years.

neg: Walter T. Mosley Walter T. Mosley (born Walter Mosley III in Brooklyn, New York) is an American Democratic politician that represents the 57th district of the New York State Assembly. He serves the neighborhoods of Fort Greene, Clinton Hill, Prospect Heights, and parts of Crown Heights and Bedford Stuyvesant.

neg: Ina Garten Ina Rosenberg Garten ( ; born February 2, 1948) is an American author and host of the Food Network program "Barefoot Contessa", and a former staff member of the White House Office of Management and Budget.

neg: Charles Kushner Charles Kushner (born May 16, 1954) is an American real estate developer. He founded Kushner Companies in 1985. In 2005, he was convicted of illegal campaign contributions, tax evasion, and witness tampering, and served time in federal prison. After his release, he resumed his career in real estate. His son is Jared Kushner, who is the husband of Ivanka Trump and son-in-law and senior advisor to President of the United States Donald Trump.

neg: William J. Hughes William John "Bill" Hughes (born October 17, 1932) served as a Democratic Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1975 to 1995, representing New Jersey’s Second Congressional District which includes major portions of the Jersey Shore and Pine Barrens, the cities of Vineland and Atlantic City, and the counties of Salem, Cumberland, Atlantic, Cape May and part of Gloucester. After retiring from Congress in 1995, Hughes was appointed by President Bill Clinton as United States Ambassador to Panama, a post he held until October, 1998 leading up to the historic turnover of the Panama Canal to Panamanian control.

neg: Number One Observatory Circle Number One Observatory Circle is the official residence of the Vice President of the United States.

neg: Once Upon a Secret Once Upon a Secret: My Affair with President John F. Kennedy and Its Aftermath is a book by the former White House intern Mimi Alford in February 2012. It contains the autobiographical account of the woman who had an affair with U.S. President John F. Kennedy towards the end of his life (from June 1962 to July 1963). Despite its consuming influence over her life at the time, Alford managed to keep her involvement in the affair secret for nearly 50 years, until basic details were published in the 2003 Kennedy biography "" by Robert Dallek.

neg: George Henry White George Henry White (December 18, 1852 – December 28, 1918) was an American attorney and politician, elected as a Republican U.S. Congressman from North Carolina's 2nd congressional district between 1897 and 1901. He later became a banker in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and in Whitesboro, New Jersey, an African-American community of which he was a co-founder. White is the last African-American Congressman during the beginning of the Jim Crow era and the only African American to serve in Congress during his tenure.

neg: Robert White (ambassador) Robert Edward White (September 21, 1926 – January 14, 2015) was an American career diplomat who served as US Ambassador to Paraguay (1977–1980) and to El Salvador (1980–1981). He then became president of the Center for International Policy.

neg: Roosevelt Room The Roosevelt Room is a meeting room in the West Wing of the White House, the official home and principal workplace of the President of the United States. Located almost in the center of the West Wing, near the Oval Office, the room is named for two related U.S. presidents, Theodore Roosevelt and Franklin D. Roosevelt, who both contributed significantly to the design and construction of the West Wing.

neg: James Pinkerton James "Jim" P. Pinkerton (born March 11, 1958) is a columnist, author, and political analyst. A graduate of Evanston Township High School (1975) and Stanford University (1980), he served on the White House staff under both Ronald Reagan and George H.W. Bush and on each of their presidential campaigns from 1980 to 1992. In January 2008, he became a senior adviser to the Mike Huckabee 2008 presidential campaign.

neg: Michael Anton Michael Anton (born 1970) is a senior national security official in the Trump administration. He is best known for his pseudonymous essays written during the 2016 Presidential campaign in which he supported Donald Trump and collaborated on the pro-Trump "Journal of American Greatness" blog. Anton was named Deputy Assistant to the President for Strategic Communications on the United States National Security Council. He is a former speechwriter for Rudy Giuliani and George W. Bush's National Security Council, and has worked as director of communications at investment bank Citigroup and as managing director of investing firm BlackRock.

neg: Betsey Wright Betsey Ross Wright (born July 4, 1943) is an American lobbyist, activist, and political consultant who worked more than a decade for Bill Clinton in Arkansas. She served as chief of staff to Governor Clinton for seven years. As deputy chair of the 1992 Clinton presidential campaign, Wright established the rapid response system that was responsible for defending Clinton's record in Arkansas and promptly answering all personal attacks on the candidate. During the 1992 campaign, Wright coined the term "bimbo eruptions" to describe rumors alleging extramarital affairs by Clinton. In the 1990s, Wright was an executive for The Wexler Group, a lobbying firm in Washington, D.C. She currently resides in Rogers, Arkansas.

neg: Maggie Haberman Maggie Lindsy Haberman (born October 30, 1973) is an American journalist who is a White House correspondent for "The New York Times" and a political analyst for CNN. She previously worked for "Politico" and the "New York Daily News", where she was a political reporter.

neg: Tony Snow Robert Anthony Snow (June 1, 1955 – July 12, 2008) was an American journalist, political commentator, television news anchor, syndicated columnist, radio host, musician, and the third White House Press Secretary under President George W. Bush, from May 2006 until his resignation in September 2007. Snow also worked for President George H. W. Bush as chief speechwriter and Deputy Assistant of Media Affairs, from 1991 to 1993.

neg: Joseph E. Schmitz Joseph Edward Schmitz (born August 28, 1956) is an American lawyer, former inspector general of the United States Department of Defense and a former executive with Blackwater Worldwide. After working as a watchdog at the Pentagon for three and a half years, Schmitz resigned to return to the private sector. Although allegations questioning his stewardship of the inspector general’s office surfaced nine months after his resignation, a high-level review board, the President’s Council on Integrity and Efficiency, cleared him of all wrongdoing in 2006. He was named one of Donald Trump's foreign policy advisors for his 2016 presidential campaign.

neg: Jared Kushner Jared Corey Kushner (born January 10, 1981) is an American investor, real-estate developer, and newspaper publisher who is currently senior advisor to US President Donald Trump. Kushner is the elder son of real-estate developer Charles Kushner, and is married to Trump's daughter Ivanka. He was chief executive officer of the real-estate holding and development company Kushner Companies, and of Observer Media, publisher of the "New York Observer". He is the co-founder and part owner of Cadre, an online real-estate investment platform.

neg: Outsider in the White House Outsider in the White House is a 2015 political memoir co-authored by Huck Gutman and presidential candidate Bernie Sanders, with an afterword by journalist John Nichols. It was first published as Outsider in the House in 1997.


query: What country were Mark Linkous and Mark Wystrach singers of?

pos: Mark Linkous Mark Linkous (September 9, 1962 – March 6, 2010) was an American singer, songwriter and musician, best known as leader of Sparklehorse. He was also known for his collaborations with such notable artists as Tom Waits, PJ Harvey, Daniel Johnston, Radiohead, Black Francis, Julian Casablancas, Nina Persson, David Lynch, Fennesz, Danger Mouse, and Sage Francis.

pos: Mark Wystrach Mark Wystrach (born December 17, 1979) is an American actor and country music singer.

neg: Dynamic Hepnotics The Dynamic Hepnotics are an Australian soul, blues and funk band which formed in 1979 and disbanded in 1986. Mainstay, lead vocalist and front man, "Continental" Robert Susz formed the group in Sydney. They had chart success on the Australian Kent Music Report Singles Chart with a top 5 single, "Soul Kind of Feeling" in 1984. It was followed by "Gotta Be Wrong (Way to Love)" which reached the top 20 in 1985. Their album, "Take You Higher", reached the top 20 on the related Albums Chart in June. In 1986, "Soul Kind of Feeling" won the APRA Music Award for 'Most Performed Australasian Popular Work'.

neg: Mark Wells (musician) Mark Wells (born 22 April 1973) is an Australian musician and record producer, best known as the bass player for The Ronnie Wood Band, and the founding member of Twenty Two Hundred.

neg: Mark Plati Mark Plati is a New York–based musician, record producer, and songwriter, widely acclaimed for his work in the 1990s with David Bowie. Plati also has worked with Spookey Ruben, The Cure, Duncan Sheik, Hooverphonic, Robbie Williams, Joe McIntyre, Dave Navarro, Lou Reed, Fleetwood Mac, Deee-Lite, and Natalie Imbruglia. He also worked in France with artists like Kyo, Louise Attaque, les Rita Mitsouko, Alain Bashung, Émilie Simon, Saule, Raphael and Axelle Red.

neg: Ward Thomas (band) Ward Thomas are a British modern country music duo, composed of 23 year old twin sisters Catherine and Lizzy Ward Thomas (born 28 March 1994) from Hampshire. The band has been called "Britain's first country stars". Along with The Shires, they are producing modern country music with a British twist in a genre dominated by American singers and bands. Fellow country singer, Crissie Rhodes of The Shires, describes their music as written "from a British perspective. While people have been able to appreciate the American sound, they can connect with the themes of British lyrics." Cartwheels their second studio album became the first album by a UK country act to reach number One on the UK Albums Chart surpassing the previous record by The Shires. It has since gone silver in the UK.

neg: Markku Aro Markku Aro (] ), born as Markku Tuomas Puputti (3 February 1950 in Mouhijärvi, Finland), is a Finnish singer who performed on Eurovision contest in 1971 in Ireland with the pop-duo Koivistolaiset. They appeared with the song "Tie uuteen päivään" ("Road to a New Day"). He has released many albums in his country.

neg: Mark Shaw (singer) Mark Shaw (born Mark Robert Tiplady on 10 June 1961 in Chesterfield, Derbyshire, England) is an English singer who formed the 1980s rock band Then Jerico, which he continues to front. Their last studio album was 1998's "Orgasmaphobia".

neg: Twenty Two Hundred Twenty Two Hundred is an Australian rock band from Melbourne, Victoria, who formed in 2010. The band was founded by songwriter, musician and producer Mark Wells (former member of The Ronnie Wood Band). Their music incorporates elements of hard rock, classic rock, funk and groove.

neg: Manoush Manoush is an actress and singer of French Manouche-Sinti heritage on her mother's side. Her father is German-American

neg: Ballas Hough Band The Ballas Hough Band was an American pop rock band fronted by Mark Ballas and Derek Hough, both of whom play lead guitar and sing lead vocals. The band's other members are Sam Marder (bass guitar), Harry Sullivan (drums) and Emily Grace (keyboards, background vocals). Both Ballas and Hough are "Dancing with the Stars" champions.

neg: Mark Ledford Mark Ledford (born 1960 – November 1, 2004) was an American trumpeter, singer, and guitarist. He was known for his multi-instrumentalism and his membership in the Pat Metheny Group.

neg: Markize Markize is a French-Russian heavy metal band founded in 2003 by the singer-songwriter Alina Dunaevskaya and drummer David Verbecq.

neg: Sharon O'Neill Sharon Lea O'Neill (born 23 November 1952, Nelson, New Zealand) is a singer-songwriter and pianist from New Zealand, who had an Australasian hit single in 1983 with "Maxine" which reached No. 16 on both the Australian Kent Music Report and Recording Industry Association of New Zealand charts.

neg: 4hero 4hero are an electronic music group from Dollis Hill, London, comprising producers Mark "Marc Mac" Clair & Dennis "Dego" McFarlane. While the band is often cited as "4 Hero" or "4-Hero", the name is presented as "4hero" on their own albums and websites.

neg: Cruisers Rock Combo The Cruisers Rock Combo was a British rock band of the early 1960s. Formed in Addlestone, Surrey in 1960, their original line-up comprised singers Tony Gallagher, Kenny King and Chris Wing, backed by Mick Dunford (lead guitar), John Hawken (piano), Pete Harris (bass), and Dave Maine (drums). The singers departed at around the same time that neighbouring band The Nashville Teens split; the remaining Cruisers joined the Teens' singers Ray Phillips and Arthur Sharp to form the Mark Two version of The Nashville Teens.

neg: Bob Markley Robert H. Markley (August 29, 1935 – September 9, 2003) was an American singer-songwriter and record producer who co-founded the psychedelic rock band, The West Coast Pop Art Experimental Band, in the late 1960s, and became one of the most controversial figures that emerged from the era.

neg: Mark Eager Mark Eager (born 17 March) is an English-born conductor and former BBC National Orchestra of Wales Principal Trombone. He lives in Chelsea and Salisbury, United Kingdom.

neg: Mark Owen Mark Anthony Patrick Owen (born 27 January 1972), is an English singer and songwriter. He is a member of pop-group Take That. As a solo artist, Owen had sold over 500,000 records worldwide and 45 million with Take That.

neg: Boney M. Boney M. is a vocal group created by German record producer Frank Farian. Originally based in West Germany, the four original members of the group's official line-up were Liz Mitchell and Marcia Barrett from Jamaica, Maizie Williams from Montserrat and Bobby Farrell from Aruba. The group was formed in 1976 and achieved popularity during the disco era of the late 1970s. Since the 1980s, various line-ups of the band have performed with different personnel.

neg: K2 (Kerfuffle album) Links is the second album by folk band Kerfuffle.

neg: Trackshittaz Trackshittaz were an Austrian hip-hop band from Mühlviertel, made up of Lukas Plöchl (a.k.a. G-Neila) and Manuel Hoffelner (a.k.a. Manix). The duo represented Austria in the Eurovision Song Contest 2012 with the song "Woki mit deim Popo", after winning the Austrian national final, but did not pass the semi-final finishing last in the first semi-final and scored just 8 points which was the lowest of all the semi-final entrants.


query: When was the film that is based on a novel by Sarah Blakley-Cartwright released?

pos: Sarah Blakley-Cartwright Sarah Blakley-Cartwright (born March 11, 1988, Los Angeles, California) is an American author. She wrote the novel "Red Riding Hood" to accompany the Warner Brothers release, which debuted at #1 on the New York Times Bestseller List.

pos: Red Riding Hood (2011 film) Red Riding Hood is a 2011 Canadian romance horror film directed by Catherine Hardwicke, produced by Leonardo DiCaprio and starring Amanda Seyfried as the title role, from a screenplay by David Leslie Johnson.

neg: Unknown (2011 film) Unknown is a 2011 British-German-French psychological thriller action film directed by Jaume Collet-Serra, starring Liam Neeson, Diane Kruger, January Jones, Aidan Quinn, Bruno Ganz, and Frank Langella. The film is based on the 2003 French novel published in English as "Out of My Head", by Didier Van Cauwelaert.

neg: Parker (2013 film) Parker is a 2013 American action crime film directed by Taylor Hackford and written by John J. McLaughlin. Starring Jason Statham and Jennifer Lopez, the film is adapted from "Flashfire", the 19th Parker novel, written by Donald Westlake under the pen name Richard Stark.

neg: Little England (film) Little England (Greek: Μικρά Αγγλία , "Mikra Anglia") is a 2013 Greek period drama–romance film directed by Pantelis Voulgaris. The film is based on the novel of the same name by Ioanna Karystiani, Voulgaris' wife, and stars Pinelopi Tsilika, Sofia Kokkali, Aneza Papadopoulou and Andreas Konstantinou. The plot revolves around two sisters, Orsa and Moscha from the island of Andros, dubbed "Little England" because of its affluence, who are both in love with Spyros; it starts in the interwar period and ends in the 1950s.

neg: The Spell (2009 film) The Spell is a 2009 British horror film directed by Owen Carey Jones. It was first released in the United Kingdom on 18 September 2009 and stars Rebecca Pitkin as a young woman that begins to dabble in witchcraft but soon gets in over her head. The film is loosely based on the true story of Emma Whale, who contacted Carey Jones with the intent to turn her experience into a film. "The Spell" was shot entirely in Leeds.

neg: Burke & Hare (2010 film) Burke & Hare is a 2010 British black comedy film, loosely based on the Burke and Hare murders. Directed by John Landis, the film stars Simon Pegg and Andy Serkis as William Burke and William Hare respectively. It was Landis's first feature film release in 12 years, the last being 1998's "Susan's Plan". The film was released in the United Kingdom on 29 October 2010.

neg: Layer Cake (novel) Layer Cake is the debut novel of British author J. J. Connolly, first published in 2000 by Duckworth Press. It was made into a motion picture in 2004 (also called "Layer Cake"), directed by Matthew Vaughn and written for the screen by Connolly himself.

neg: Elizabeth Buchan Elizabeth Buchan, née Oakleigh-Walker (born 21 May 1948) is a British writer of non-fiction and fiction books since 1985. In 1994, her novel "Consider the Lily" won the Romantic Novel of the Year Award by the Romantic Novelists' Association, and she was elected its eighteenth Chairman (1995–1997). Her novel, "Revenge of the Middle Aged Woman" (2001), has been made into a television film for CBS.

neg: Wuthering Heights (1970 film) Wuthering Heights is a 1970 film directed by Robert Fuest. It is based on the classic Emily Brontë novel of the same name. Like the 1939 version, this film depicts only the first sixteen chapters concluding with Catherine Earnshaw Linton's death and omits the trials of her daughter, Hindley's son, and Heathcliff's son.

neg: Man and Boy (2002 film) Man and Boy is a 2002 British television drama film directed by Simon Curtis and starring Ioan Gruffudd, Elizabeth Mitchell and Natasha Little. It was based on the novel "Man and Boy" by Tony Parsons.

neg: Ben Hur (2003 film) Ben Hur is a 2003 animated film based on the novel "", by Lew Wallace. It is the fourth film adaptation of the novel.

neg: Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter is a 2012 American dark fantasy action horror film directed by Timur Bekmambetov, based on the 2010 mashup novel of the same name. The novel's author, Seth Grahame-Smith, wrote the screenplay with Simon Kinberg. Benjamin Walker stars as the title character with supporting roles by Dominic Cooper, Anthony Mackie, Mary Elizabeth Winstead, Rufus Sewell, and Marton Csokas. The real-life figure Abraham Lincoln, the 16th President of the United States (1861–1865), is portrayed in the novel and the film as having a secret identity as a vampire hunter.

neg: After the Waterfall After the Waterfall is a 2010 New Zealand drama film based on Stephen Blanchard's novel "The Paraffin Child". The film was the first starring role in a feature film for Antony Starr, known for his roles in "Outrageous Fortune" and was the first feature film directed by Simone Horrocks. It was released theatrically in New Zealand on 4 November 2010.

neg: December Boys December Boys is an Australian 2007 drama film directed by Rod Hardy and written by Marc Rosenberg and adapted from the 1963 novel of the same name by Michael Noonan. It was released on 14 September 2007 in the UK and US and 20 September 2007 in Australia.

neg: Hold the Dream Hold the Dream is a British two-part miniseries made in 1986, based on the novel of the same name by Barbara Taylor Bradford. It is the second book in the Emma Harte series, following "A Woman of Substance". "Hold the Dream" continues the story of Emma Harte, played by Deborah Kerr, with Jenny Seagrove, who played the young Emma taking over the part of Paula Fairley.

neg: Vanity Fair (2004 film) Vanity Fair is a 2004 British-American historical drama film directed by Mira Nair and adapted from William Makepeace Thackeray's novel of the same name. The novel has been the subject of numerous television and film adaptations, and Nair's version made notable changes in the development of main character Becky Sharp.

neg: Beyond Rangoon Beyond Rangoon is a 1995 drama film directed by John Boorman about Laura Bowman (played by Patricia Arquette), an American tourist who vacations in Burma (Myanmar) in 1988, the year in which the 8888 Uprising takes place. The film was mostly filmed in Malaysia, and, though a work of fiction, was inspired by real people and real events.

neg: Submarine (novel) Submarine is a novel by Joe Dunthorne. First published by Hamish Hamilton in 2008, it was adapted into a film in 2010.

neg: Alice Orr-Ewing Alice Josephine Orr-Ewing (born 7 July 1989) is a British actress who starred in the 2012 British film "The Scapegoat", an adaptation of the 1957 novel of the same name by Daphne du Maurier.

neg: True Confections True Confections is a Canadian comedy-drama film, released in 1991. Written and directed by Gail Singer and based on Sondra Gotlieb's Stephen Leacock Award-winning novel "True Confections", the film stars Leslie Hope as Verna Miller, a young Jewish woman growing up in the 1950s who rebels against the rigid gender role assigned to women in her era due to her ahead-of-her-time sensibilities and life aspirations.

neg: The Scapegoat (novel) The Scapegoat is a 1957 novel by Daphne du Maurier. In 1959, it was made into a film of the same name, starring Sir Alec Guinness. It was also the basis of a film broadcast in 2012 starring Matthew Rhys and written and directed by Charles Sturridge.


query: Who was the Nobel Peace Prize winner involved with the Royal Commission on the Status of Women?

pos: Royal Commission on the Status of Women The Royal Commission on the Status of Women was a Canadian Royal Commission that examined the status of women and recommended steps that might be taken by the federal government to ensure equal opportunities with men and women in all aspects of Canadian society. The Commission commenced on 16 February 1967 as an initiative of Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson. Public sessions were conducted the following year to accept public comment for the Commission to consider as it formulated its recommendations. Florence Bird was the Commission's chair.

pos: Lester B. Pearson Lester Bowles "Mike" Pearson (23 April 1897 – 27 December 1972) was a Canadian scholar, statesman, soldier and diplomat, who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1957 for organizing the United Nations Emergency Force to resolve the Suez Canal Crisis. He was the 14th Prime Minister of Canada from 22 April 1963 to 20 April 1968, as the head of two back-to-back Liberal minority governments following elections in 1963 and 1965.

neg: 2009 Nobel Peace Prize The 2009 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to United States President Barack Obama for his "extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples". The Norwegian Nobel Committee announced the award on October 9, 2009, citing Obama's promotion of nuclear nonproliferation and a "new climate" in international relations fostered by Obama, especially in reaching out to the Muslim world.

neg: Gisèle Côté-Harper Gisèle Côté-Harper, OC, QC (born 1942) is a Canadian lawyer and professor. She is the 1995 recipient of the Pearson Medal of Peace for her work as a human rights activist. She is the first Francophone woman to receive such an honour.

neg: Frank William La Rue Frank La Rue (born in 1952) is a Guatemalan labor and human rights law expert and served as UN Special Rapporteur on the Promotion and Protection of the Right to Freedom of Opinion and Expression, from August 2008 to August 2014. Along with American Human Rights attorneys, Anna Gallagher and Wallie Mason, Mr. La Rue is the founder of the Center for Legal Action for Human Rights (CALDH) and has been involved in the promotion of human rights for over 25 years. He was nominated for (but did not win) the 2004 Nobel Peace Prize by Mairead Corrigan, Northern Irish peace activist and 1976 laureate. Mr La Rue was previously the Executive Director of Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights Europe. He currently serves as Assistant Director-General for Communication and Information at UNESCO.

neg: Maria Goeppert-Mayer Maria Goeppert Mayer (June 28, 1906 – February 20, 1972) was a German-born American theoretical physicist, and Nobel laureate in Physics for proposing the nuclear shell model of the atomic nucleus. She was the second woman to win a Nobel prize in physics, after Marie Curie.

neg: National Malala Peace Prize The National Malala Peace Prize is a Pakistani peace prize for those under 18 years old. It was originally named the National Youth Peace Prize and awarded to Malala Yousafzai on 19 December 2011 by Prime Minister Yousaf Raza Gilani for her services towards promoting girls' education in her hometown of Mingora in the Swat Valley, where the Taliban had banned girls from attending school.

neg: Russell Tribunal The Russell Tribunal, also known as the International War Crimes Tribunal, Russell-Sartre Tribunal, or Stockholm Tribunal, was a private body organised by British philosopher and Nobel Prize winner Bertrand Russell and hosted by French philosopher and writer Jean-Paul Sartre. Along with Lelio Basso, Ken Coates, Ralph Schoenman, Julio Cortázar and several others, the tribunal investigated and evaluated American foreign policy and military intervention in Vietnam, following the 1954 defeat of French forces at Diên Biên Phu and the establishment of North and South Vietnam. The tribunal did not investigate alleged war crimes by the Viet Cong; Schoenman commented: "Lord Russell would think no more of doing that than of trying the Jews of the Warsaw Ghetto for their uprising against the Nazis."

neg: Frank B. Kellogg Frank Billings Kellogg (December 22, 1856December 21, 1937) was an American lawyer, politician and statesman who served in the U.S. Senate and as U.S. Secretary of State. He co-authored the Kellogg–Briand Pact, for which he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1929.

neg: Stockholm Memorandum The Stockholm Memorandum is a document signed in May 2011 by many Nobel Laureates based on the verdict from the trial of humanity, which opened the 3rd Nobel Laureate Symposium. The jury of Nobel laureates concluded that Earth has entered a new geological age, which it calls the Anthropocene, in which humans are the most significant driver of global climate change, and in which human collective actions could have abrupt and irreversible consequences for human communities and ecological systems. The memorandum was signed by 20 winner of the Nobel Prize winners or the Sveriges Riksbank Prize for Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel (six in Chemistry, five in Physics, three in Physiology or Medicine, one in Literature, one Peace Prize winner and four in Economic Sciences) was submitted to the United Nations High Level Panel on global sustainability.

neg: Roy Bourgeois Roy Bourgeois (born January 27, 1938 in Lutcher, Louisiana) is an American activist, a laicized Roman Catholic priest, and the founder of the human rights group School of the Americas Watch (SOA Watch). He is the recipient of the 2011 American Peace Award and also has been nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize.

neg: David Bryn-Jones David Bryn-Jones (born 1883) was an historian, educator, Baptist minister, and biographer of U.S. Secretary of State Frank B. Kellogg, who won the Nobel Peace Prize as one of the authors of the Kellogg-Briand Pact.

neg: Chrystal Macmillan Jessie Chrystal Macmillan MA BSc (13 June 1872 – 21 September 1937) was a Scottish Liberal politician, barrister, feminist and pacifist, and the first female science graduate from the University of Edinburgh as well as that institution's first female honours graduate in Mathematics. She was an activist for women's right to vote, and for other women's causes. She was the first woman to plead a case before the House of Lords, and was one of the founders of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom.

neg: Ruth Frances Woodsmall Ruth Frances Woodsmall (September 20, 1883 – May 25, 1963) was an American high school English teacher, YWCA member, and author. She served as Chief of the Women's Affairs Section of the Allied High Commission for Occupied Germany, worked for the United Nations Commission on the Status of Women, and was a member of UNESCO Working Party on the Equality of Access of Women to Education. Her publications include: "Moslem Women Enter a New World" (1936), and "Eastern Women Today and Tomorrow" (1933), "Study of the Role of Women, Their Activities and Organizations in Lebanon, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, and Syria" (1955) and "Women and the New East" (1960).

neg: Juan Manuel Santos Juan Manuel Santos Calderón (] ; born 10 August 1951), {'1': ", '2': ", '3': 'GColIH', '4': "} is a Colombian politician and the President of Colombia, in office since 2010. He was the sole recipient of the 2016 Nobel Peace Prize.

neg: Jean Medawar Jean Shinglewood Medawar ("née" Taylor; 7 February 1913 – 3 May 2005) was a British author and a former chairman of the Family Planning Association, and wife of the British Nobelist Sir Peter Brian Medawar.

neg: John Boyd Orr, 1st Baron Boyd-Orr John Boyd Orr, 1st Baron Boyd-Orr (23 September 1880 – 25 June 1971), known as Sir John Boyd Orr from 1935 to 1949, was a Scottish teacher, doctor, biologist and politician who received the Nobel Peace Prize for his scientific research into nutrition and his work as the first Director-General of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). He was the co-founder and the first President (1960–1971) of the World Academy of Art and Science (WAAS).

neg: Jane Goodall Dame Jane Morris Goodall {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} ( ; born Valerie Jane Morris-Goodall, 3 April 1934), formerly Baroness Jane van Lawick-Goodall, is a British primatologist, ethologist, anthropologist, and UN Messenger of Peace. Considered to be the world's foremost expert on chimpanzees, Goodall is best known for her over 55-year study of social and family interactions of wild chimpanzees since she first went to Gombe Stream National Park, Tanzania in 1960. She is the founder of the Jane Goodall Institute and the Roots & Shoots programme, and she has worked extensively on conservation and animal welfare issues. She has served on the board of the Nonhuman Rights Project since its founding in 1996.

neg: Arcot Ramachandran Arcot Ramachandran is an Indian scientist, anthropologist, author and a former Under-Secretary General of United Nations Centre for Human Settlements, known for his scholarship on the subjects of "heat and mass transfer" and environment and his social commitment to the cause of sustainable development. The Government of India honoured him in 2003, with the Padma Bhushan, the third highest civilian award, for his services to the fields of Science and Engineering.

neg: Robert Nobel Robert Hjalmar Nobel ( ; ] ; August 4, 1829 – August 7, 1896) was the oldest son of Immanuel Nobel and his wife Caroline Andrietta Ahlsell, brother of Ludvig and Alfred Nobel.

neg: Martin Connell Martin Philip Connell, OC, O.Ont is a Canadian business man and philanthropist. He is the 1994 recipient of the Pearson Medal of Peace for his work in fighting poverty.

neg: Ève Curie Ève Denise Curie Labouisse (December 6, 1904 – October 22, 2007) was a French and American writer, journalist and pianist. Ève Curie was the younger daughter of Marie Skłodowska-Curie and Pierre Curie. Her sister was Irène Joliot-Curie and her brother-in-law Frédéric Joliot-Curie. Ève was the only member of her family who did not choose a career as a scientist and did not win a Nobel Prize, although her husband Henry Richardson Labouisse, Jr. did collect the Nobel Peace Prize in 1965 on behalf of UNICEF. She worked as a journalist and authored her mother's biography "Madame Curie" and a book of war reportage, "Journey Among Warriors". From the 1960s she committed herself to work for UNICEF, providing help to children and mothers in developing countries.


query: Are Dome Mine and Jolly Jack's Lost Mine part of a Gold Rush legend?

pos: Dome Mine Dome Mine is situated in the City of Timmins, Ontario, Canada; and was developed during the Porcupine Gold Rush.

pos: Jolly Jack's Lost Mine Jolly Jack's Lost Mine is a legend about a hidden placer mine supposed to be located in the Boundary Country of British Columbia. The mine has been written about by local historians and various magazines. Many have searched for the lost placer mine of Jolly Jack. It is a local legend in the Boundary Country.

neg: Long Tom's treasure Long Tom's treasure is a legend in American folklore said to have taken place in the Grand Canyon of Arizona, four miles west of the Tanner immigrant trail, near a Havasupai village.

neg: Buster Falls, Nevada Buster Falls, now a ghost town, was a mining camp in El Dorado Canyon above Huse Spring and the Techatticup Mine in the Colorado Mining District during the time of the American Civil War. The source of the name of the camp is unknown. Its site lay along the canyon a mile above the site of Lucky Jim Camp. The site would be just above the El Dorado Canyon's confluence with Copper Canyon.

neg: Dome Thong Dome Thong (Thai: โดมทอง ; rtgs: "Dome-Thong" ; lit: "Golden Dome"; English title: The Dome of Mystery

neg: Mount Magnet, Western Australia Mount Magnet is one of the Mid West region’s original gold mining towns, and the longest surviving gold mining settlement in Western Australia. The prominent hill that is adjacent to the current townsite was called West Mount Magnet in 1854 by explorer Robert Austin, having named a smaller hill 64 km away, East Mount Magnet (now called Carron Hill). Both hills had an extremely high iron content which affected the readings of his compass. West Mount Magnet had its Aboriginal name reinstated by the Surveyor General in 1972, 'Warramboo," meaning campfire camping place. The magnetic variation at Mount Magnet is zero: magnetic north equals true north.

neg: Burwash Mine The Burwash Mine was a small gold property discovered in the fall of 1934 by Johnny Baker and Hugh Muir at Yellowknife Bay, Northwest Territories. The town of Yellowknife did not exist yet at that point, but the discovery of gold at Burwash was the catalyst that brought more gold prospectors into the region in 1935 and 1936. A short shaft was sunk in 1935-1936 at Burwash, and in the summer of 1935 a 16-ton bulk sample of ore was shipped to Trail, British Columbia for processing, yielding 200 troy ounces (6 kg) of gold. The mine did not become a substantial producer and it is believed the gold vein was mined out.

neg: Golden Throne (mountain) The Golden Throne is a mountain located in Capitol Reef National Park, in Utah, U.S.. It is a rock formation dome made of a gold color stained Navajo Sandstone, which is particularly special because normally the sandstone is creamy white or red. The presence of a small amount of the Carmel Formation on top of the Navajo Sandstone is the reason for this staining.

neg: Goldmine Gold mining is the process of mining gold or gold ores from the ground.

neg: Jagersfontein Mine Jagersfontein Mine is an abandoned open-pit mine in South Africa located close to the town of Jagersfontein and about 110 km south-west of Bloemfontein. Since it was first established in 1870, two of the ten biggest diamonds ever discovered, the Excelsior and the Reitz (now called the Jubilee), were mined from Jagersfontein. The term "Jagers" has since been coined to denote the distinctive faint bluish tint of the gems from this mine. Among geologists, Jagersfontein is known as a kimberlite pipe, and a prime locality for mantle xenoliths, some of which are believed to have come from depths of 300 - .

neg: Lucky Jack mine The Lucky Jack mine (formerly known as the Mount Emmons molybdenum property) is one of the largest molybdenum deposits in the United States. The mine is located West of Crested Butte, Colorado in Gunnison County, Colorado. The Molybrook mine has reserves amounting to 220 million tonnes of molybdenum ore grading 0.37% molybdenum thus resulting 814,000 tonnes of molybdenum.

neg: Silver City, Utah Silver City is a ghost town located at the mouth of Dragon Canyon on the west flank of the East Tintic Mountains in northeast Juab County in central Utah, United States. It was a silver mining town approximately 90 mi south-southwest of Salt Lake City, Utah. This area was considered part of the Tintic Mining District and also produced bismuth, copper, gold, and lead. Settlement began with the first mining strikes here in 1869. Silver City was inhabited until 1930 after the mines ran out. Jesse Knight, known as the "Mormon Wizard" for his ability to find ore easily, decided to build a smelter in Silver City because it had the flattest ground in all of the Tintic Mining District. Silver City had several mines in 1890, but the mines hit water and were abandoned. Now there is nothing left other than a few holes where mines were, and a number of tailings piles.

neg: Brazilian Gold Brazilian gold, first discovered in the late 17th century, has played an important and lasting role in shaping the social, cultural, and economic realities of eastern South America. The initial discovery of gold in the area that is modern-day Brazil led to the longest lasting gold rush in world history, bringing hundreds of thousands of non-indigenous Portuguese and slaves to the area as well as environmental destruction and pollution. The effects from mass migration to the region in the pursuit of riches are some of the biggest formative components of Brazilian culture today. However, along with the opportunity for economic prosperity that gold has offered to some, extensive mining and the processes that accompany purification of the valuable mineral have wreaked havoc on the delicate ecosystem of the Amazon, with large swaths of rainforest leveled and dangerously high levels of mercury deposited in the Amazon River. Despite the negatives, Brazilian gold is still highly sought after and mined by modern-day Brazilian "garimpieros," partly due to the recent resurgence of gold prices making the dangerous and polluting line of work highly profitable.

neg: Cormoran Cormoran ( or ) is a giant associated with St. Michael's Mount in the folklore of Cornwall. Local tradition credits him with creating the island, in some versions with the aid of his wife Cormelian, and using it as a base to raid cattle from the mainland communities. Cormoran appears in the English fairy tale "Jack the Giant Killer" as the first giant slain by the hero, Jack, and in tales of "Tom the Tinkeard" as a giant too old to present a serious threat.

neg: Plutonic Gold Mine The Plutonic Gold Mine is a gold mine located 82 km east north east of Peak Hill, Western Australia.

neg: El Dorado El Dorado (] , ; Spanish for "the golden one"), originally "El Hombre Dorado" (the golden man), or "El Rey Dorado" (the golden king), was the term used by the Spanish Empire to describe a mythical tribal chief ("zipa") of the Muisca native people of Colombia, who, as an initiation rite, covered himself with gold dust and submerged in Lake Guatavita. The legends surrounding El Dorado changed over time, as it went from being a man, to a city, to a kingdom, and then finally an empire.

neg: Frederick William Cuthbert Frederick William Cuthbert (died 1948) was a grocer and miner in Croydon, Queensland, Australia. He was known as the "Gold King of the North".

neg: Welcome Nugget The Welcome Nugget was the name given to a large gold nugget, weighing 2,217 troy ounces 16 pennyweight. (68.98 kg), that was discovered by a group of twenty-two Cornish miners at the Red Hill Mining Company site at Bakery Hill (near the present intersection of Mair and Humffray Street) in Ballarat, Victoria, Australia, on June 9, 1858. It was located in the roof of a tunnel 55 metres (180 feet) underground. Roughly shaped like a horse's head, it measured around 49 cm (18 in) long by 15 cm (6 in) wide and 15 cm (6 in) high, and had a roughly indented surface. It was assayed by William Birkmyre of the Port Phillip Gold Company and given its name by finder Richard Jeffery. Eclipsed by the discovery of the larger Welcome Stranger eleven years later in 1869 (also in Victoria), it remains the second largest gold nugget ever found.

neg: Mojave Nugget The Mojave Nugget is the largest known gold nugget ever found in California, United States. It was found in the Stringer district near Randsburg by prospector Ty Paulsen in 1977 using a metal detector. The nugget, which weighs 156 ozt , is part of the Margie and Robert E. Petersen Collection of gold nuggets that was donated to the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. The collection contains 132 pieces of gold and has a total weight of more than 1660 ozt .

neg: Jolly Creek Jolly Creek is a creek located in the Boundary Country region of British Columbia. The creek is south of Conkle Lake. Jolly Creek flows into Rock Creek. It was discovered in 1860 and has been mined for gold. The Creek was named after local prospector Jolly Jack Thornton.

neg: Brazilian Gold Rush The Brazilian Gold Rush was a gold rush that started in the 18th century, in the then Portuguese colony of Brazil. The rush opened up the major gold-producing area of Ouro Preto (Portuguese for "black gold"), then the aptly named Vila Rica (Rich Town).

neg: Diggings The Diggings was a colloquial term for the gold rush locations in Australia and the United States beginning in the 1850s. Gold miners - the diggers - would describe their journey "to the diggings" and say they were "at (or on) the diggings." Because of the speed at which a "rush" to a particular location might occur, or at which it might be abandoned at news of another rush, the term diggings tended to apply to general areas.