query: Randolph Peter "Pete" Best has been referred to as an informal title with claims first appeared in the press immediately upon the band's rise to what?

pos: Pete Best Randolph Peter "Pete" Best (born Randolph Peter Scanland, 24 November 1941) is an English musician, principally known as an original member and first drummer of the Beatles, from 1960 to 1962. He has been referred to as the Fifth Beatle.

pos: Fifth Beatle The fifth Beatle is an informal title that various commentators in the press and entertainment industry have applied to people who were at one point a member of the Beatles, or who had a strong association with the "Fab Four" (John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison, and Ringo Starr) during the group's existence. The "fifth Beatle" claims first appeared in the press immediately upon the band's rise to global fame in 1963–64. The members have offered their own beliefs of the "fifth Beatle":

neg: Vincebus Eruptum Vincebus Eruptum ( ; pseudo-Latin) is the debut studio album by American rock band Blue Cheer. Released on January 16, 1968, the album features a heavy-thunderous blues sound, which would later be known as heavy metal. It also contains elements of acid rock, grunge, experimental rock, blues rock, stoner rock, and garage rock. A commercial and critical success, "Vincebus Eruptum" peaked at number 11 on the "Billboard" 200 albums chart and spawned the top-20 hit cover of Eddie Cochran's "Summertime Blues". Being an example of hard rock, it is also lauded as one of the first heavy metal albums.

neg: Pink Floyd Pink Floyd were an English rock band formed in London. They achieved international acclaim with their progressive and psychedelic music. Distinguished by their use of philosophical lyrics, sonic experimentation, extended compositions, and elaborate live shows, they are one of the most commercially successful and influential groups of popular music history.

neg: Manowar Manowar is an American heavy metal band from Auburn, New York. Formed in 1980, the group is known for lyrics based on fantasy (particularly sword and sorcery) and mythology (particularly Norse mythology). The band is also known for a loud and bombastic sound. In an interview for MTV in February 2007, bassist Joey DeMaio lamented that "these days, there's a real lack of big, epic metal that is drenched with crushing guitars and choirs and orchestras... so it's nice to be one of the few bands that's actually doing that." In 1984 the band was included in the Guinness Book of World Records for delivering the loudest performance, a record which they have since broken on 2 occasions. They also hold the world record for the longest heavy metal concert after playing for 5 hours and 1 minute in Bulgaria (at Kavarna Rock Fest) in 2008. They also have been known for their slogan "Death to false metal".

neg: The Moment (band) The Moment were among the leading bands of the 1980s UK mod revival, described retrospectively by Paul Moody of the "NME" as "English pop music's greatest ever secret".

neg: John's Children John's Children were a 1960s pop art/mod rock band from Leatherhead, England that briefly featured future T. Rex frontman Marc Bolan. John's Children were known for their outrageous live performances and were booted off a tour with The Who in Germany in 1967 when they upstaged the headliners. Their 1967 single "Desdemona", a Bolan composition, was banned by the BBC because of the controversial lyric, "Lift up your skirt and fly." Their US record label delayed the release of their album, "Orgasm" for four years from its recording date due to objections from Daughters of the American Revolution.

neg: The Best of The Call The Best of The Call is a compilation album released by American rock band The Call. The album was released in the United States on July 8, 1997 by WEA (Now Warner Music Group), the music arm of Warner Bros.. The album includes songs spanning the group’s career, as well as two new tracks and solo tracks from Been.

neg: Best Intentions (album) Best Intentions is the debut studio album by American rock band We Are the In Crowd.

neg: Danite The Danites were a fraternal organization founded by Latter Day Saint members in June 1838, in the town of Far West, Caldwell County, Missouri. During their period of organization in Missouri, the Danites operated as a vigilante group and took a central role in the events of the 1838 Mormon War. There is no evidence that the Danites existed after 1838. However, they remained an important part of Mormon and non-Mormon folklore, polemics, and propaganda for the remainder of the 19th century, waning in ideological prominence after Utah gained statehood. Notwithstanding public excommunications of Danite leaders by the Church and both public and private statements from Joseph Smith referring to the band as being both evil in nature and a "secret combination" (a derogatory term used in the Book of Mormon), the nature and scope of the organization and the degree to which it was officially connected to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints are a matter of some dispute among historians. Earlier in the band's existence, Joseph Smith appeared to endorse the group's actions, but later turned against them as violence increased and the actions of the Danites inspired a hysteria in Missouri that eventually led to the Extermination Order.

neg: Grateful Dead The Grateful Dead was an American rock band formed in 1965 in Palo Alto, California. Ranging from quintet to septet, the band is known for its unique and eclectic style, which fused elements of rock, psychedelia, experimental music, modal jazz, country, folk, bluegrass, blues, reggae, and space rock, for live performances of lengthy instrumental jams, and for their devoted fan base, known as "Deadheads". "Their music," writes Lenny Kaye, "touches on ground that most other groups don't even know exists." These various influences were distilled into a diverse and psychedelic whole that made the Grateful Dead "the pioneering Godfathers of the jam band world". The band was ranked 57th by "Rolling Stone" magazine in its The Greatest Artists of All Time issue. The band was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1994 and a recording of their May 8, 1977 performance at Cornell University's Barton Hall was added to the National Recording Registry of the Library of Congress in 2012. The Grateful Dead have sold more than 35 million albums worldwide.

neg: Buffalo (band) Buffalo was an Australian rock band formed in August 1971 by founding mainstay Dave Tice on lead vocals (ex-Head). Fellow founders, also from Head, were Paul Balbi on drums, John Baxter on guitar, and Peter Wells on bass guitar; together with Alan Milano on lead vocals (ex-Mandala). Milano left after their debut album, "Dead Forever..." (June 1972), and Balbi was replaced on drums by Jimmy Economou. Their next two albums, "Volcanic Rock" (July 1973) and "Only Want You For Your Body" (June 1974), were also issued by Vertigo Records. After 1975 line-up changes resulted in a more commercial sound and the group disbanded in March 1977. Australian musicologist Ian McFarlane noted that there was "nothing subtle about Buffalo's primal, heavyweight sound, but it was delivered with a great deal of conviction ... combining the dense, occult riffing ... with the progressive blues chops ... the band certainly captured the arrogant disposition of the times in a bold and thunderous fashion". Alongside Billy Thorpe & The Aztecs and Blackfeather, Buffalo pioneered Australia's heavy metal, pub rock and alternative rock movements. Peter Wells died on 27 March 2006, aged 58.

neg: The Smiths The Smiths were an English rock band formed in Manchester in 1982. The band consisted of vocalist Morrissey, guitarist Johnny Marr, bassist Andy Rourke and drummer Mike Joyce. Critics have called them the most important alternative rock band to emerge from the British independent music scene of the 1980s." Q" magazine's Simon Goddard argued in 2007 that the Smiths were "the one truly vital voice of the '80s", "the most influential British guitar group of the decade" and the "first indie outsiders to achieve mainstream success on their own terms". The "NME" named the Smiths the "most influential artist ever" in a 2002 poll, over the Beatles.

neg: Folk rock Folk rock is a music genre combining elements of folk music and rock music. In its earliest and narrowest sense, the term referred to a genre that arose in the United States and the United Kingdom around the mid-1960s. The genre emerged from bands such as the Beatles, the Searchers, and the Animals in the UK, and Bob Dylan and the Byrds in the US, who played traditional folk music and songs with rock instrumentation. The term "folk rock" is first noted as being used by the U.S. music press in June 1965 to describe the Byrds' music; the band's debut album was released the same month.

neg: The Rocklopedia Fakebandica The Rocklopedia Fakebandica, by T. Mike Childs, is an illustrated encyclopedia of fictional musical groups and musicians, as seen in movies and television. It was officially released November 6, 2004. The book catalogs such better-known fake bands as Spinal Tap, The Blues Brothers, The Rutles, and The Chipmunks, along with dozens of less well known ones. The book takes a light-hearted, humorous approach, often pointing out the discrepancies between the experiences of real bands and musicians and the unlikely adventures fictional ones have.

neg: The Mekons The Mekons are a British-American rock band. Formed in the late 1970s as an art collective, they are one of the longest-running and most prolific of the first-wave British punk rock bands. Through the years, the band's musical style has evolved, incorporating aspects of country music, folk music, alternative rock and occasional experiments with dub. They are known for their raucous live shows. These days, The Mekons are often described as a post-punk, cowpunk and/or alt country band. The band is currently based in Chicago.

neg: Punk (magazine) Punk was a music magazine and fanzine created by cartoonist John Holmstrom, publisher Ged Dunn, and "resident punk" Legs McNeil in 1975. Its use of the term "punk rock", coined by writers for "Creem" magazine a few years earlier, further popularized the term. The founders were influenced by their affection for comic books and the music of The Stooges, the New York Dolls, and The Dictators. Holmstrom later called it "the print version of The Ramones". It was also the first publication to popularize the CBGB scene.

neg: The Very Best of Fleetwood Mac The Very Best of Fleetwood Mac is an enhanced compilation album released by British-American rock band Fleetwood Mac in 2002 to promote their then-upcoming album "Say You Will" (2003). It was released as a double album in the US, and as a single disc in the UK. It debuted on the "Billboard" 200 album chart at number 12 on 2 November 2002 and spent 42 weeks on the chart. It was certified gold on 12 November 2002, and platinum on 10 January 2003, by the RIAA.

neg: Karl Wenclas Karl "King" Wenclas (born in Detroit, Michigan) is a founder and the former Publicity Director and front man of the Underground Literary Alliance. (The moniker "King" was taken from a critic of the ULA.) After ceasing publication of his zine New Philistine, Wenclas returned to writing at the urging of fellow underground zinesters Michael Jackman and Steve Kostecke, both of whom founded the ULA with Wenclas in 2000. His essay "How to Create a Literary Movement", published in "Zine World: A Reader's Guide to the Underground Press", launched the idea of the ULA. Wenclas likens his brand of "ballyhoo" to the tactics of famous promoters including P.T. Barnum, Brian Epstein and Malcolm McLaren. A quote: "The entire history of rock music is a history of ballyhoo."

neg: Kings of Rhythm The Kings of Rhythm are an American Rhythm and blues and Soul group formed in the late 1940s in Clarksdale, Mississippi and led by Ike Turner through to his death in 2007. Turner would retain the name of the band throughout his career, although the group has undergone considerable lineup changes over time. The group was an offshoot of a large big band ensemble called "The Tophatters". By the late 1940s Turner had renamed this group the "Kings of Rhythm". Their early stage performances consisted largely of covers of popular jukebox hits of the day. A 1951 lineup of the group recorded the song "Rocket 88", which was an early example of Rock and roll. In the 1960s they became the band for the "Ike & Tina Turner Revue". For a few years in the early 1970s they were renamed "The Family Vibes", and released 2 albums under this name, both produced by, but not featuring Ike Turner. The band have continued, for a time under the leadership of pianist Ernest Lane (himself a childhood friend of Turner's), and continues to tour with vocalist Earl Thomas. The group has been running for at least 64 years.

neg: Agression (band) Agression is an American rock band from Silver Strand Beach, Oxnard, California. Agression was one of the founding bands of the Nardcore (Oxnard, California hardcore) scene and an early proponent of the skate punk genre. The band fused skate culture with the punk scene, featuring a song about skateboarding ("Intense Energy") and a Glen E. Friedman photo of Arthur Lake skating a pool on their first and most popular album, "Don't Be Mistaken".

neg: Rock & Roll Band "Rock & Roll Band" is a song written by Tom Scholz and first released by the rock band Boston on the band's eponymous debut album. It is one of six songs Scholz worked on in his basement in 1974 and 1975 before Boston got its record contract, five of which eventually appeared on the "Boston" album. The "Rock and Roll Band" demo was finished in 1974, along with three of the six. However, Scholz had begun writing the song years earlier, in the early 1970s. The drum parts of this and other early Boston songs were developed by Jim Masdea, but this is the only song on the "Boston" album on which Masdea plays drums. Scholz plays clavinet and all the guitar parts, including bass guitar, and Brad Delp sings the vocals. Boston would consistently open with "Rock and Roll Band" while playing at live concerts.


query: What song by the band Ultravox sold more copies than the first Lennon single issued after his death?

pos: Vienna (Ultravox song) "Vienna" is a new wave/art rock song by British band Ultravox. It was released as the third single from the band's fourth studio album of the same name. The single was released on Chrysalis Records on 9 January 1981, and is notable for spending four consecutive weeks at number two in the UK Singles Chart without ever getting to number-one. "Vienna" was kept off the UK number-one slot by John Lennon's "Woman" for a week, and then by Joe Dolce's novelty hit, "Shaddap You Face", for a further three weeks, although "Vienna" did sell more copies than either of these records and ranked as the fifth best-selling UK single for 1981. The single was certified Gold by the British Phonographic Industry in February 1981, for UK sales exceeding 500,000 copies. Nevertheless, the single peaked at number one on the Top 40 charts in many European areas including the Netherlands, Belgium and Ireland.

pos: Woman (John Lennon song) "Woman" is a song written and performed by John Lennon from his 1980 album "Double Fantasy". The track was chosen by Lennon to be the second single released from the "Double Fantasy" album, and it was the first Lennon single issued after his death on 8 December 1980. The B-side of the single is Ono's song "Beautiful Boys".

neg: Cold Turkey "Cold Turkey" is a song written by John Lennon, released as a single in 1969 by the Plastic Ono Band on Apple Records, catalogue Apples 1001 in the United Kingdom, Apple 1813 in the United States. It is the second solo single issued by Lennon, and it peaked at number 30 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 and number 14 on the UK Singles Chart. The song's first appearance on an album was "Live Peace in Toronto 1969" where the song had been performed live on 13 September 1969 with Lennon reading the lyrics off a clip-board.

neg: Flying (Beatles instrumental) "Flying" is an instrumental recorded by the Beatles which first appeared on the 1967 "Magical Mystery Tour" release (two EP discs in the United Kingdom, an LP in the United States). It is one of the few songs credited to all four members of the band: John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison, and Ringo Starr.

neg: Crippled Inside "Crippled Inside" is a song written and performed by John Lennon from his 1971 album "Imagine".

neg: Ob-La-Di, Ob-La-Da "Ob-La-Di, Ob-La-Da" is a song by the Beatles from their 1968 album "The Beatles" (often called "the White Album"). Although credited to Lennon–McCartney, the song was written solely by Paul McCartney. It was released as a single that same year in many countries, but not in their native United Kingdom, nor in the United States until 1976.

neg: That's My Life (My Love And My Home) "That's My Life (My Love And My Home)" is a 1965 single by Alfred "Freddie" Lennon, who was the father of John Lennon of The Beatles.

neg: Cleanup Time "Cleanup Time" is a song written by John Lennon released on his 1980 album "Double Fantasy". It was also included on the compilation album "Lennon".

neg: ULTRAnumb "ULTRAnumb" is the third single by the industrial artist Blue Stahli, it remains Blue Stahli's most popular song to date. A music video for the song was released on 7 February 2013.

neg: Retro (EP) Retro was the only EP (7") by Ultravox, then Ultravox!, released on 10 February 1978. It was the last recording released by the band as Ultravox!. Also this was the last disc featuring original guitarist Stevie Shears, who left the band after its release.

neg: Ruby Trax Ruby Trax - The NME's Roaring Forty is a compilation album released by the magazine NME in 1992 to commemorate 40 years of publication. The album features 40 cover versions of classic Number 1 songs by popular bands of the era, though technically not all of the songs (such as Ultravox's "Vienna" recorded by Vic Reeves) were number ones. It was released in the following formats: three LPs (NME40LP), three CDs (NME40CD) or two cassettes (NME40MC), all having a total of 40 songs.

neg: Passing Strangers "Passing Strangers" is Ultravox's second single from the band's first album with Midge Ure, released on Chrysalis Records on 15 October 1980.

neg: Baby, You're a Rich Man "Baby, You're a Rich Man" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles. It was written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney, and released as the B-side of the band's "All You Need Is Love" single in July 1967. The song was recorded and mixed at Olympic Sound Studios in London, making it the first of the Beatles' EMI recordings to be entirely created away from EMI Studios. The track features a monophonic keyboard instrument known as a clavioline, which Lennon played on its oboe setting, creating a sound that suggests an Indian shehnai. In its lyrical themes, the song addresses the "beautiful people" of the 1960s hippie movement and partly echoes the utopian message of "All You Need Is Love". The lyrics have also invited interpretation as a message to the Beatles' manager, Brian Epstein.

neg: Visions in Blue "Visions in Blue" is Ultravox's third single from the "Quartet" album, recorded in Air Studios, London and released on Chrysalis Records on 11 March 1983. The single peaked at #15 in the UK charts on 26 March. A video was produced, but was banned by the BBC and MTV due to brief nudity; an edited version was later provided for broadcast on "Top of the Pops".

neg: What Goes On (Beatles song) "What Goes On" is a song by the Beatles, featured as the eighth track on their sixth British album "Rubber Soul". The song was later released as the B-side of the US single "Nowhere Man", and then as the tenth track on the North America-only album "Yesterday and Today". It is the only song by the band credited to Lennon–McCartney-Starkey.

neg: It's All Too Much "It's All Too Much" is a song by the English rock group the Beatles from their 1969 album "Yellow Submarine". Written by George Harrison in 1967, it reflects the ideological themes of that year's Summer of Love. The Beatles recorded the track in May 1967, shortly after completing their album "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band". It was one of four new songs they then supplied for the 1968 animated film "Yellow Submarine", to meet their contractual obligations to United Artists.

neg: All Things Must Pass (song) "All Things Must Pass" is a song by English musician George Harrison, issued in November 1970 as the title track to his triple album of the same name. Billy Preston released the song originally – as "All Things (Must) Pass" – on his Apple Records album "Encouraging Words" (1970), after the Beatles had rejected it for inclusion on their "Let It Be" album in January 1969. The composition reflects the influence of the Band's sound and communal music-making on Harrison, after he had spent time with the group in Woodstock, New York, in late 1968, while Timothy Leary's poem "All Things Pass", a psychedelic adaptation of the Tao Te Ching, provided inspiration for his song lyrics.

neg: Nobody Hears "Nobody Hears" is a song recorded by rock band Suicidal Tendencies. It was released as the first single from the band's 1992 album "The Art of Rebellion", and became their biggest U.S. hit at the time, peaking at number 28 on the "Billboard" Mainstream Rock chart.

neg: Live in New York City (John Lennon album) Live in New York City is a posthumous live album by English rock musician John Lennon. It was prepared under the supervision of his widow, Yoko Ono, and released in 1986 as his second official live album, the first being "Live Peace in Toronto 1969".

neg: How? (song) "How?" is a song from John Lennon's second solo album "Imagine", released in 1971. It is a contemplative song inspired by the Primal Therapy he was undergoing with his wife Yoko Ono, during which he faced many personal questions such as "How can I go forward when I don't know which way I'm facing?" This song also shows his thoughts about the world in general (such as "And the World is so tough; Sometimes I feel I've had enough").

neg: Only People (song) "Only People" is a song written by John Lennon released on his 1973 album "Mind Games". The song is included on the 2010 album, "Gimme Some Truth". "Only People" revolves around Lennon's and Ono's personal philosophy. Lennon said that it failed as a song, saying that in an interview with Playboy Magazine that "It was a good lick, but I couldn't get the words to make sense."

neg: I'll Cry Instead "I'll Cry Instead" is a John Lennon composition credited to Lennon–McCartney, and recorded by the Beatles for the soundtrack to their film "A Hard Day's Night".


query: Live on BBC Radio 1 is a live EP by the American rock band Touché Amoré, vocalist Jeremy Bolm said recording with BBC was an honor and spoke about the storied there, "where The Smiths" had played, The Smiths were an English rock band formed in which city, in 1982?

pos: Live on BBC Radio 1 Live on BBC Radio 1 is a live EP by the American rock band Touché Amoré. The EP was recorded live at BBC Radio 1 studio with the show's host Mike Davies and engineer Simon Askew. "Live on BBC Radio 1" also features guest vocals from Jordan Dreyer of La Dispute. The two bands were on tour in the UK together and recorded back-to-back sessions at BBC Radio 1. Touché Amoré vocalist Jeremy Bolm said recording with BBC was an honor and that "It's so storied there, where The Smiths and Joy Division and the Beatles—think about that. So I mean, we felt out of our element in one sense, but still got caught up in all the excitement."

pos: The Smiths The Smiths were an English rock band formed in Manchester in 1982. The band consisted of vocalist Morrissey, guitarist Johnny Marr, bassist Andy Rourke and drummer Mike Joyce. Critics have called them the most important alternative rock band to emerge from the British independent music scene of the 1980s." Q" magazine's Simon Goddard argued in 2007 that the Smiths were "the one truly vital voice of the '80s", "the most influential British guitar group of the decade" and the "first indie outsiders to achieve mainstream success on their own terms". The "NME" named the Smiths the "most influential artist ever" in a 2002 poll, over the Beatles.

neg: Sun FM Sun FM is a radio station serving the City of Sunderland and also available in Tyne and Wear, northern parts of County Durham in England. It broadcasts on the frequency 103.4 MHz and plays a mix of contemporary and classic popular music alongside local news, travel and covered ground breaking dance music in the early 90's.

neg: Mayfair Studios Mayfair Recording Studios was a recording studio located in Primrose Hill, London, England. The studio was originally established in Mayfair, London in the 1960s thus giving the studio its name. Many notable artists and musicians such as Bucks Fizz, Tina Turner, Cliff Richard, The Clash, Pink Floyd, Bee Gees, Blur, Nigel Kennedy and Kroke, and The Smiths have all recorded music at Mayfair.

neg: Live in London (Deep Purple album) Live in London is a live album from Deep Purple. It was recorded on 22 May 1974 at Gaumont State in Kilburn by the BBC for radio broadcast, but was unreleased on vinyl until 1982. It features the Mk 3 lineup of Blackmore/Coverdale/Hughes/Lord/Paice during the tour for their album "Burn".

neg: Black Roots (band) Black Roots are a roots reggae band from the St. Paul's area of Bristol, England formed in 1979. They toured extensively in the UK and Europe in the 1980s and early 1990s releasing several albums and singles during that time before disappearing from the music scene for about ten years. Their comeback began when Soundicate/Makasound, a record label in France, released an album in 2004 and followed it up with another in 2007 (both were compilations made up from their extensive back catalogue). In December 2010 they performed their first live show for some twenty years at the Trinity Hall in Bristol and since then they have been active once again, playing live dates and releasing a new album.

neg: This Charming Man "This Charming Man" is a song by the English rock band the Smiths, written by guitarist Johnny Marr and singer/lyricist Morrissey. It was released as the group's second single in October 1983 on the independent record label Rough Trade. The song is defined by Marr's jangle pop guitar riff and Morrissey's characteristically morose lyrics, which revolve around the recurrent Smiths themes of sexual ambiguity and lust.

neg: The Stiffs (band) The Stiffs are an English band, variously referred to as Punk rock, Power Pop, and Pop Punk, hailing from Blackburn, Lancashire. Championed by Radio 1 DJ John Peel, their most successful singles were 'Inside Out' and 'Goodbye My Love'. Band members are Phil Hendriks (vocals, guitar), Ian 'Strang' Barnes (guitar, vocals), 'Big' John McVittie (bass guitar, vocals) and Tommy O'Kane (drums).

neg: How We Live How We Live was an English pop duo active in the late 1980s. The band was a project between singer/keyboard player Steve Hogarth and guitarist Colin Woore, who had both previously been members of the new wave band The Europeans.

neg: How Soon Is Now? "How Soon Is Now?" is a song by the British alternative rock band The Smiths. Written by Smiths singer Morrissey and guitarist Johnny Marr, it was originally a B-side of the 1984 single "William, It Was Really Nothing". "How Soon Is Now?" was subsequently featured on the compilation album "Hatful of Hollow" and on US, Canadian, Australian, and Warner UK editions of the group's second album "Meat Is Murder" (1985). Belatedly released as a single in the UK in 1985, it originally reached number 24 on the UK Singles Chart. When re-released in 1992, it reached number 16 on the same chart.

neg: Tommy Vance Richard Anthony Crispian Francis Prew Hope-Weston, known professionally as Tommy Vance (11 July 1940 – 6 March 2005), was an English radio broadcaster, born in Eynsham, Oxfordshire. He was one of the first music broadcasters in the United Kingdom to champion hard rock and heavy metal in the early 1980s, providing the only national radio forum for both bands and fans. The "Friday Rock Show" that he hosted gave new bands airtime for their music and fans an opportunity to hear it. His radio show was a factor in the rise of the new wave of British heavy metal. He used a personal tag-line of "TV on the radio". His voice was heard by millions around the world announcing the Wembley Stadium acts at Live Aid in 1985.

neg: Live Skull Live Skull is a post-punk/experimental rock band from New York City, formed in 1982.

neg: The City (song) "The City" is a song by English rock band The 1975. The song was originally recorded for their debut extended play "Facedown" and later appeared as the second on their self-titled debut. "The City" was released as the band's debut single in 2012, and its second release in 2013 in the form of the re-recorded album version saw it peak at number 30 on the UK Singles Chart and number 27 on the Scottish Singles Chart. The song also featured on the game "FIFA 14".

neg: BBC Radio 1 Live in Concert (Nazareth album) BBC Radio 1 Live in Concert is a live album by the Scottish hard rock band Nazareth, recorded in 1973.

neg: Play Radio Play Radio is a company based in Sheffield, UK. Play Radio allows you to listen to live radio stations, on-demand programs, shows and podcasts from around the globe.

neg: Played (album) Played is the debut album by English band The Bodines, released in 1987 by record label Magnet.

neg: Simon Smith (drummer) Simon Smith has been the drummer with several British Indie rock bands, most notably The Wedding Present from Leeds, which he joined in 1988, and also worked with its offshoot The Ukrainians.

neg: Live at Shea Stadium Live at Shea Stadium is a live album by the English punk rock band The Clash. It was recorded at Shea Stadium in New York City on 13 October 1982, the band's second night opening for The Who; the concert was produced by Kosmo Vinyl. The original recordings were unearthed by Clash frontman Joe Strummer while packing for a move. The album was released in the United Kingdom on 6 October 2008 and in the United States the following day.

neg: 1+9+8+2 1+9+8+2 (official title in other sources as 1982), is the fifteenth studio album by rock band Status Quo, released on 16 April 1982. It was the first to include new drummer Pete Kircher, who had recently replaced John Coghlan, and also the first to credit keyboard player Andy Bown as a full member of the band; on the previous few releases he had merely been listed as a guest musician although he had long been an integral member in all but name.

neg: The Screaming Blue Messiahs The Screaming Blue Messiahs were a rock band, formed in 1983 in London by guitarist and singer Bill Carter, bass player and backing singer Chris Thompson and drummer Kenny Harris. The group emerged in the wake of the pub rock and punk scenes that had been very predominant on the UK capital's live music circuit during the late '70s/ early '80s. The band, a classic power trio, was active between 1983 and 1990 and released three major label LPs. They toured extensively throughout Europe, North America and Australasia, garnering wide critical acclaim for their aggressive blend of rhythm and blues, punk and rockabilly.

neg: Three Sides Live Three Sides Live is the third live album by the English rock band Genesis, released as a double album in June 1982 on Charisma Records in the United Kingdom and Atlantic Records in the United States.

neg: Doc Cox Robert "Doc" Cox (born 1 July 1946 in Sheffield, West Riding of Yorkshire), also known as Ivor Biggun, is a British musician and former television journalist. He is known for his appearances on the BBC TV programme "That's Life!" from 1982 to 1992 and for four albums of humorous, smutty songs. Currently resident in Suffolk, he is active in several pub bands, including the Trembling Wheelbarrows.


query: What U.S. Navy battleship was in the movie Under Siege and was also the last battleship commissioned by the United States?

pos: Under Siege Under Siege is a 1992 American action-thriller film directed by Andrew Davis and written by J.F. Lawton. It stars Steven Seagal as an ex-Navy SEAL who must stop a group of mercenaries, led by Tommy Lee Jones and Gary Busey, on the U.S. Navy battleship USS "Missouri". It is Seagal's most successful film in critical and financial terms, including two Academy Award nominations for sound production. The musical score was composed by Gary Chang. It was followed by a 1995 sequel, "".

pos: USS Missouri (BB-63) USS "Missouri" (BB-63) ("Mighty Mo" or "Big Mo") is a United States Navy "Iowa"-class battleship and was the third ship of the U.S. Navy to be named after the U.S. state of Missouri. "Missouri" was the last battleship commissioned by the United States and is best remembered as the site of the surrender of the Empire of Japan which ended World War II.

neg: SMS Schleswig-Holstein SMS "Schleswig-Holstein" (] ) was the last of the five "Deutschland"-class battleship s built by the German Kaiserliche Marine. The ship, named for the province of Schleswig-Holstein, was laid down in the Germaniawerft dockyard in Kiel in August 1905 and commissioned into the fleet nearly three years later. The ships of her class were already outdated by the time they entered service, being inferior in size, armor, firepower and speed to the new generation of dreadnought battleships.

neg: Virginia-class cruiser The "Virginia"-class nuclear guided-missile cruisers, also known as the CGN-38 class, were a series of four double-ended (with missile armament carried both fore and aft) nuclear-powered guided-missile cruisers commissioned in the late 1970s to 1980, which served in the United States Navy until the mid-to-late 1990s. They were the final class of nuclear-powered cruisers completed.

neg: USS Boxer (1832) USS "Boxer" of the United States Navy was a 10-gun schooner, launched on 22 November 1831 by the Boston Navy Yard, and commissioned sometime in 1832, with Lt. Benjamin Payne in command; this was the second U.S. Navy ship to be named for the original HMS "Boxer", which had been captured from the British during the War of 1812.

neg: South Dakota-class battleship (1920) The first "South Dakota" class was a class of six American battleships that were laid down in 1920 but never completed. They would have been the last dreadnoughts in the Naval Act of 1916 to be commissioned had the Washington Naval Treaty not caused their cancellation one-third of the way through their construction. They would have been the largest, most heavily armed and armored battleships in the U.S. Navy and, designed to achieve 23 kn , represented an attempt to abandon its 21 kn standardized fleet speed and catch up with the increasing fleet speeds of its main rivals, the British Royal Navy and Imperial Japanese Navy. In this, size and secondary armament, they represented a break from the Standard-type battleship that had dominated American capital ship design for the prior five ship classes, while their use of standardized bridges, lattice masts and other features was a continuation of this practice and the increase in the number of main guns from the preceding "Colorado" class had long been standard U.S. naval policy. The main restriction to which they had to adhere was the ability to pass through the Panama Canal.

neg: Treaty battleship A treaty battleship was a battleship built in the 1920s or 1930s under the terms of one of a number of international treaties governing warship construction. Many of these ships played an active role in the Second World War, but few survived long after it.

neg: Battleship A battleship is a large armored warship with a main battery consisting of large caliber guns. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries the battleship was the most powerful type of warship, and a fleet of battleships was considered vital for any nation that desired to maintain command of the sea.

neg: USS Idaho (BB-42) USS "Idaho" (BB-42), a "New Mexico"-class battleship , was the fourth ship of the United States Navy to be named for the 43rd state. She was the third of three ships of her class. Built by the New York Shipbuilding Corporation of Camden, New Jersey, she was launched in June 1917 and commissioned in March 1919. She was armed with a battery of twelve 14 in guns in four three-gun turrets, and was protected by heavy armor plate, with her main belt armor being 13.5 in thick.

neg: USS Delaware (BB-28) USS "Delaware" (BB-28) was a dreadnought battleship of the United States Navy, the lead ship of her class. She was laid down at Newport News Shipbuilding in November 1907, launched in January 1909, and completed in April 1910. The sixth ship to be named for the First State, "Delaware" was armed with a main battery of ten 12 in guns all on the centerline, making her the most powerful battleship in the world at the time of her construction. She was also the first battleship of the US Navy to be capable of steaming at full speed for 24 continuous hours without suffering a breakdown.

neg: USS San Marcos (LSD-25) USS "San Marcos" (LSD-25) was a "Casa Grande"-class dock landing ship of the United States Navy, named for the Castillo de San Marcos, the oldest masonry fort still standing in the United States. In 1911, the second-class battleship "Texas" had also briefly borne the name "San Marcos", perhaps for the town of San Marcos, Texas.

neg: USS Alabama (SSBN-731) USS "Alabama" (SSBN-731) is the sixth "Ohio"-class nuclear-powered fleet ballistic missile submarine, and the seventh United States ship to be named for the state of Alabama. The ship's motto duplicates the state's motto, "Audemus Jura Nostra Defendere" ("We dare to defend our rights").

neg: Nevada-class battleship The two "Nevada"-class battleship s were the first Standard-type battleships produced by the U.S. Navy, and also the first to use triple main turrets. "Nevada" (BB-36) and "Oklahoma" (BB-37) were both ordered in March 1911. In armament, armor, and propulsion the "Nevada" class represented a considerable evolution in battleship design and, in being designed specifically to fight at extreme gunnery ranges, was actually well ahead of its time. They would be followed by the "Pennsylvania"-class battleship s.

neg: USS Vesuvius (1888) USS "Vesuvius", the third ship of the United States Navy named for the Italian volcano, was a unique vessel in the Navy inventory which marked a departure from more conventional forms of main battery armament. She is considered a dynamite gun cruiser and was essentially an operational testbed for large dynamite guns.

neg: USS Monaghan (DD-354) USS "Monaghan" (DD-354) was the last ship built of the "Farragut"-class destroyer design. She was named for Ensign John R. Monaghan. "Monaghan" was laid down on November 21, 1933 at the Boston Navy Yard, and launched on January 9, 1935. She was sponsored by Miss Mary F. Monaghan, niece of Ensign Monaghan, and commissioned on 19 April 1935, with Commander R. R. Thompson in command. During the next few years "Monaghan" operated primarily in the North Atlantic, training US Navy personnel who served in World War II. "Monaghan" was present during the Pearl Harbor raid on December 7, 1941. She participated in the Battle of the Coral Sea and the Battle of Midway in 1942. Monaghan was sunk in a typhoon east of the Philippines in 1944.

neg: Nagato-class battleship The "Nagato"-class battleships (長門型戦艦 , Nagato-gata senkan ) were a pair of dreadnought battleships built for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) during World War I, although they were not completed until after the end of the war. "Nagato" , the lead ship of the class, frequently served as a flagship. Both ships carried supplies for the survivors of the Great Kantō earthquake in 1923. They were modernized in 1933–36 with improvements to their armor and machinery and a rebuilt superstructure in the pagoda mast style. "Nagato" and her sister ship "Mutsu" briefly participated in the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937 and "Nagato" was the flagship of Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto during the attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941 that began the Pacific War.

neg: USS Bullhead USS "Bullhead" (SS-332), a "Balao"-class submarine, was the very last US Navy ship sunk by enemy action during World War II, probably on the same day that the first atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima. She was the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for the bullhead (any large-headed fish, especially the catfish, miller's thumb, and sculpin). Her keel was laid down by the Electric Boat Company of Groton, Connecticut. She was launched on July 16, 1944 sponsored by Mrs. Howard R. Doyle, and commissioned December 4, 1944 with Commander W. T. Griffith in command.

neg: USS Guam (CB-2) USS "Guam" (CB-2) was an "Alaska"-class large cruiser which served with the United States Navy during the end of World War II. She was the second and last ship of her class to be completed. The ship was the second vessel of the US Navy to be named after the island of Guam, an American territory in the Pacific. Due to her commissioning late in the war, "Guam" saw relatively limited service during the war. She participated in operations off Okinawa in March–July 1945, including providing anti-aircraft defense for the carrier task force and conducting limited shore bombardment operations. She participated in sweeps for Japanese shipping in the East China and Yellow Seas in July–August 1945. After the end of the war, she assisted in the occupation of Korea and transported a contingent of US Army troops back to the United States. She was decommissioned in February 1947 and placed in reserve, where she remained until she was stricken in 1960 and sold for scrapping the following year.

neg: USS Missouri (SSN-780) USS "Missouri" (SSN-780) is the seventh "Virginia"-class attack submarine and the fourth ship in the United States Navy named in honor of the U.S. state of Missouri. It was completed, and delivered, nine months early and under budget.

neg: Action of 24 July 1945 The Action of 24 July 1945 was one of the final naval battles during the Pacific Theater of World War II. In an attempt to destroy as many allied ships as possible, the Imperial Japanese Navy began arming their submarine fleet with manned torpedoes called kaitens. The Action of 24 July 1945 concerns the battle between a convoy of U.S. Navy warships off Luzon and the Japanese submarine "I-53" and her kaitens.

neg: Oliver Hazard Perry-class frigate The "Oliver Hazard Perry" class is a class of guided missile frigates named after the American Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry, the hero of the naval Battle of Lake Erie. Also known as the "Perry" or FFG-7 class, the warships were designed in the United States in the mid-1970s as general-purpose escort vessels inexpensive enough to be bought in large quantities to replace World War II-era destroyers and complement 1960s-era "Knox"-class frigate s. In Admiral Elmo Zumwalt's "high low fleet plan", the FFG-7s were the low capability ships with the "Spruance"-class destroyer s serving as the high capability ships. Intended to protect amphibious landing forces, supply and replenishment groups, and merchant convoys from aircraft and submarines, they were also later part of battleship-centred surface action groups and aircraft carrier battle groups/strike groups. Fifty-five ships were built in the United States: 51 for the United States Navy and four for the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). In addition, eight were built in Taiwan, six in Spain, and two in Australia for their navies. Former U.S. Navy warships of this class have been sold or donated to the navies of Bahrain, Egypt, Poland, Pakistan, Taiwan and Turkey.

neg: 16"/45 caliber Mark 6 gun The 16"/45 caliber Mark 6 gun is a naval gun designed in 1936 by the United States Navy for their Treaty battleships. It was first introduced in 1941 aboard their "North Carolina"-class battleship s, replacing the originally intended 14"/50 caliber Mark B guns and was also used for the follow-up "South Dakota" class. These battleships carried nine guns in three three-gun turrets. The gun was an improvement to the 16"/45 caliber guns used aboard the "Colorado" class , and the predecessor to the 16"/50 caliber Mark 7 gun used aboard the "Iowa" class .


query: Eoin Lynch last played football for the team playing in what league?

pos: Eoin Lynch Eoin Lynch (born April 4, 1984 in Yarmouth, Maine) is an American soccer player who last played for GPS Portland Phoenix in the USL Premier Development League.

pos: GPS Portland Phoenix Portland Phoenix is an American soccer team based in Portland, Maine, United States. Founded in 2009, the team plays in the Premier Development League (PDL), the fourth tier of the American Soccer Pyramid, in the Northeast Division of the Eastern Conference.

neg: Peamount United F.C. Peamount United Football Club (Irish: "Club Sacair Mullaigh na Pise" ) is an Irish association football club based in Newcastle, South Dublin. The club is best known for its senior women's team who in 2011–12 became founder members and inaugural champions of the Women's National League. They have also represented the Republic of Ireland in Europe and in 2011–12 they became the first Republic of Ireland team, including men's team, to qualify from their group for the knockout stages of a European competition. The club's senior men's team compete in the Leinster Senior League. Peamount United also field teams in the Dublin Women's Soccer League, the Dublin and District Schoolboys League and the Metropolitan Girls League.

neg: 2013 National Football League (Ireland) The 2013 National Football League known for sponsorship reasons as the Allianz National Football League was the 82nd staging of the National Football League (NFL), an annual Gaelic football tournament for the Gaelic Athletic Association county teams of Ireland. The League began on Saturday 1 February 2014. Thirty-one Gaelic football county teams from the island of Ireland, plus London, participated. Kilkenny, who participated in previous years, withdrew from the competition.

neg: Quebec City Monarks The Quebec City Monarks (French: "Monarks de Québec" ) are the Quebec City Canadian football team in the Ligue de Football Majeur du Quebec (English: Quebec Major Football League ).

neg: Dublin Rebels The Dublin Rebels are the most successful team in the history of the Irish American Football League with eight national championship wins (Shamrock Bowl XV, XVII, XVIII, XIX, XX, XXIV, XXV, XXX), four league titles, two European crowns and registering the perfect season with no defeats in 2006 and again in 2010.

neg: Paul Lynch (footballer) Paul Lynch (born 18 October 1973) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Geelong in the Australian Football League (AFL).

neg: Arklow Town F.C. Arklow Town Football Club are a football club from Arklow, Wicklow in Ireland. The club's two senior teams are members of the Leinster Senior League and the Wicklow & District Football League, and play at Bridgewater Centre Park.

neg: UL Eagles UL Eagles, also known as Radisson Blu UL Eagles for sponsorship reasons, is an Irish basketball team based in Limerick. The team competes in the Basketball Ireland Men's Division One National League and plays its home games at the University of Limerick's Sport Arena and PESS Building. The team is directly associated with the University of Limerick.

neg: Portland United F.C. Portland United Football Club is a football club based on the Isle of Portland, Dorset, England. In the 2015–16 season, they are members of the Wessex League Premier Division . The club is affiliated to the Dorset County Football Association and is a FA chartered Standard club. Their nickname is "The Blues"

neg: Newcastle Vikings The Newcastle Vikings are an American Football team based in Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom. They were formed in 2014 and play their home games at Druid Park.

neg: Tom Lynch (rugby league) Tom "Tommy" Lynch is a professional rugby league footballer who played in the 2010s, playing at club level for Featherstone Rovers (Heritage № 938), and Gateshead Thunder.

neg: Harlequin Ladies Football Club Harlequin Ladies Football Club (Harlequin Ladies or Quins Ladies for short) is a London-based English rugby union club. Their official home is split between the Twickenham Stoop, home of the Aviva Premiership team Harlequins and Old Isleworthians Rugby Football Club, their training and playing venue since the 2010/11 season.

neg: North Queensland Cowboys The North Queensland Cowboys are an Australian professional rugby league football club based in Townsville, the largest city in North Queensland. They compete in Australasia's premier rugby league competition, the National Rugby League (NRL) premiership. Since their foundation in 1995, the club has appeared in three grand finals (2005, 2015 and 2017) winning in 2015, and has reached the finals ten times. The team's management headquarters and home ground, the Willows Sports Complex, currently known as "1300SMILES Stadium" due to sponsorship rights, are located in the Townsville suburb of Kirwan.

neg: Northern Ireland national football team The Northern Ireland national football team represents Northern Ireland in international association football. From 1882 to 1921 all of Ireland was represented by a single side, the Ireland national football team, organised by the Irish Football Association (IFA). In 1921, the jurisdiction of the IFA was reduced to Northern Ireland following the secession of clubs in the soon-to-be Irish Free State, although its team remained the national team for all of Ireland until 1950, and used the name "Ireland" until the 1970s. The Football Association of Ireland (FAI) organises the separate Republic of Ireland national football team.

neg: Team Bury F.C. Team Bury F.C. are an English football club based in Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk. Consisting of players largely drawn from the West Suffolk College Football Academy, they are a feeder club and reserve team for Bury Town. They are currently members of the Eastern Counties League Division One and play at Bury Town's Ram Meadow. The club is affiliated to the Suffolk County FA.

neg: Trinity College Dublin American Football Trinity College Dublin American Football (competing as Trinity College; formerly known as the Trinity Thunderbolts) is the American Football team of Trinity College Dublin.

neg: Mervue United A.F.C. Mervue United A.F.C. is an Irish association football club based in Mervue, Galway. Their senior men's team currently plays in the Galway & District League. The club has previously fielded teams in the Connacht Senior League, the League of Ireland U21 Division, the A Championship and the League of Ireland First Division.

neg: Tom Lynch (Australian footballer, born 1990) Tom Lynch (born 15 September 1990) is a professional Australian rules football player who plays for the Adelaide Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). He was recruited by St Kilda from Sandringham Dragons Under 18 TAC Cup team with pick 13 in the 2008 National Draft. Lynch was then traded to Adelaide following the 2011 season.

neg: Cabinteely F.C. Cabinteely Football Club (Irish: "Cumann Peile Cábán tSíle" ) is an association football club based in Cabinteely, County Dublin, Ireland comprising adult and a large number of youth under-age teams for both males and females, 60 teams in all. Cabinteely competed in the 2015 League of Ireland after being granted a licence by the Football Association of Ireland in January.

neg: Carrickfergus Knights The Carrickfergus Knights is an American Football team and Ireland's longest running American Football club. Founded in 1993 by Eddie Kelly, the Knights have been National Champions 3 times, in 1997, 1998 and 2002 and have competed in 9 of the 15 championship games.

neg: Portglenone F.C. Portglenone Football Club is an intermediate-level football club that formerly played in the Premier division of the Ballymena & Provincial League in Northern Ireland.


query: Which Supreme Court Case came first, Reynolds v. United States or Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education?

pos: Reynolds v. United States Reynolds v. United States, 98 U.S. (8 Otto.) 145 (1878), was a Supreme Court of the United States case that held that religious duty was not a defense to a criminal indictment. "Reynolds" was the first Supreme Court opinion to address the Impartial Jury and the Confrontation Clauses of the Sixth Amendment.

pos: Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, 402 U.S. 1 (1971) was a landmark United States Supreme Court case dealing with the busing of students to promote integration in public schools. The Court held that busing was an appropriate remedy for the problem of racial imbalance in schools, even when the imbalance resulted from the selection of students based on geographic proximity to the school rather than from deliberate assignment based on race. This was done to ensure the schools would be "properly" integrated and that all students would receive equal educational opportunities regardless of their race.

neg: Thomas Walter Swan Thomas Walter Swan (December 20, 1877 – July 13, 1975) was a longtime Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit.

neg: United States v. Morrison United States v. Morrison, 529 U.S. 598 (2000) , is a United States Supreme Court decision which held that parts of the Violence Against Women Act of 1994 were unconstitutional because they exceeded congressional power under the Commerce Clause and under section 5 of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution

neg: Younger v. Harris Younger v. Harris, 401 U.S. 37 (1971) , was a case in which the United States Supreme Court held that United States federal courts were required to abstain from hearing any civil rights tort claims brought by a person who is currently being prosecuted for a matter arising from that claim.

neg: Shaw v. United States Shaw v. United States, 580 U.S. ___ (2016) , was a United States Supreme Court case that clarified the application of the federal bank fraud statute to cases where a defendant intends to only defraud a customer of the bank, rather than the bank itself.

neg: Southern Manifesto The Declaration of Constitutional Principles (known informally as the Southern Manifesto) was a document written in February and March 1956, in the United States Congress, in opposition to racial integration of public places. The manifesto was signed by 101 politicians (99 Southern Democrats and two Republicans) from Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia. The Congressmen drafted the document to counter the landmark Supreme Court 1954 ruling "Brown v. Board of Education", which determined that segregation of public schools was unconstitutional. School segregation laws were some of the most enduring and best-known of the Jim Crow laws that characterized the American South and border states at the time.

neg: United States v. American Library Ass'n United States v. American Library Association, 539 U.S. 194 (2003), was a decision in which the United States Supreme Court ruled that the United States Congress has the authority to require public schools and libraries receiving E-Rate discounts to install web filtering software as a condition of receiving federal funding. In a plurality opinion, the Supreme Court ruled that: 1.) public libraries' use of Internet filtering software does not violate their patrons' First Amendment free speech rights; 2.) The Children's Internet Protection Act is not unconstitutional.

neg: Wright v. Houston Independent School District Wright v. Houston Independent School District was a 1972 American legal case brought by a parent of a student in the Houston Independent School District in Houston, Texas suing on behalf of her daughter and fellow students to prevent the district from teaching evolution as fact and without reference to alternative theories. The plaintiffs claimed evolutionary theory endorsed a secularist religious view, and argued the school's failure to incorporate the teaching of a particular religious alternative to evolutionary theory as derived from the Bible's creation account held that religious view up to ridicule and contempt. To allow evolution while avoiding creationism was unconstitutional, the suit claimed, because it advanced one particular sectarian view over another. The plaintiffs maintained that the school's evolutionary teaching constituted "the establishment of a sectarian, atheistic religion" and was an interference of their own rights to the free exercise of religion as guaranteed by the Establishment clause in the First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States. The case is one of a series of legal battles over the teaching of evolution in American public schools, and the first to be initiated by opponents of such teaching.

neg: Kimel v. Florida Board of Regents Kimel v. Florida Board of Regents, 528 U.S. 62 (2000) was a United States Supreme Court case that determined that the Congress's enforcement powers under the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution did not extend to the abrogation of state sovereign immunity under the Eleventh Amendment where the discrimination complained of was rationally based on age.

neg: Wisconsin v. Yoder Wisconsin v. Yoder, 406 U.S. 205 (1972), is the case in which the United States Supreme Court found that Amish children could not be placed under compulsory education past 8th grade. The parents' fundamental right to freedom of religion was determined to outweigh the state's interest in educating its children. The case is often cited as a basis for parents' right to educate their children outside of traditional private or public schools.

neg: Fisher v. University of Texas (2016) Fisher v. University of Texas, 579 U.S. ____ (2016) (commonly referred to as Fisher II) is a United States Supreme Court case which held that the Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit correctly applied strict scrutiny to the University of Texas at Austin's undergraduate admissions policy, in accordance with "Fisher v. University of Texas (2013)", which ruled that strict scrutiny should be applied to determine the constitutionality of the University's race-sensitive admissions policy.

neg: Lee v. Weisman Lee v. Weisman, 505 U.S. 577 (1992) was a United States Supreme Court decision regarding school prayer. It was the first major school prayer case decided by the Rehnquist Court. It ruled that schools may not sponsor clerics to conduct even non-denominational prayer. The Court followed a broad interpretation of the Establishment Clause that had been standard for decades at the nation's highest court, a reaffirmation of the principles of such landmark cases as "Engel v. Vitale", 370 U.S. 421 (1962) and "Abington v. Schempp", 374 U.S. 203 (1963) .

neg: National Gay Task Force v. Board of Education National Gay Task Force v. Board of Education of the City of Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 729 F.2d 1270 (10th Cir. 1984), is a decision by the Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit that upheld in part, and struck down in part, a law allowing schools to fire teachers for public homosexual conduct. It was the first federal appellate court decision to deny that sexual orientation is a suspect classification. It was affirmed by an equally divided vote in the United States Supreme Court.

neg: Runyon v. McCrary Runyon v. McCrary, 427 U.S. 160 (1976), was a case heard before the United States Supreme Court, which held that federal law prohibited private schools from discriminating on the basis of race. Dissenting Justice Byron White argued that the legislative history of  /1981 § 1981  (popularly known as the "Ku Klux Klan Act") indicated that the Act was not designed to prohibit private racial discrimination, but only state-sponsored racial discrimination (as had been held in the "Civil Rights Cases" of 1883).

neg: Roberts v. City of Boston Roberts v. Boston, 59 Mass. (5 Cush.) 198 (1850), was a court case seeking to end racial discrimination in Boston public schools. The Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court ruled in favor of Boston, finding no constitutional basis for the suit. The case was later cited by the US Supreme Court in "Plessy v. Ferguson", which established the "separate but equal" standard.

neg: Board of Education v. Walters Board of Education v. Walters was a 1979 Ohio Supreme Court case relating to the funding of primary and secondary schools in Ohio. The Court ruled that the method of funding public schools at the time was constitutional despite disparities in per-pupil education spending between different districts. Article VI of the Ohio Constitution states that the state must provide an "adequate system of public schools." The ruling overturned a previous trial court ruling that the State's school-funding system violated the Constitution of Ohio's requirement of providing a thorough and efficient system of public education. "Board of Education v. Walters" is one of the cases that played a role leading to "DeRolph v. State of Ohio" in 1997, which found the model of funding for public schools in Ohio to be unconstitutional.

neg: Board of Education of Oklahoma City v. Dowell Board of Education of Oklahoma City v. Dowell, 498 U.S. 237 (1991), was a United States Supreme Court case "hasten[ing] the end of federal court desegregation orders." The Court held that a federal desegregation order should be ended even though it meant that schools would become re-segregated since the Oklahoma schools had been arranged into a unitary system.

neg: Davenport v. Washington Education Ass'n Davenport v. Washington Education Association, 551 U.S. 177 (2007), is a ruling by the Supreme Court of the United States in which the Court held that it does not violate the First Amendment for a state to require its public-sector unions to receive affirmative authorization from a non-member before spending that nonmember's agency fees for election-related purposes.

neg: United States v. Miller United States v. Miller, 307 U.S. 174 (1939) , was a Supreme Court case that involved a Second Amendment challenge to the National Firearms Act of 1934 (NFA). "Miller" is often cited in the ongoing American gun politics debate, as both sides claim that it supports their position.

neg: Brenner v. Scott In Brenner v. Scott and its companion case, Grimsley v. Scott, a U.S. district court found Florida's constitutional and statutory same-sex marriage bans unconstitutional. On August 21, 2014, the court issued a preliminary injunction that prevents that state from enforcing its bans and then stayed its injunction until stays are lifted in the three same-sex marriage cases then petitioning for a writ of certiorari in the U.S. Supreme Court–"Bostic", "Bishop", and "Kitchen"–and for 91 days thereafter. When the district court's preliminary injunction took effect on January 6, 2015, enforcement of Florida's bans on same-sex marriage ended.

neg: Stump v. Sparkman Stump v. Sparkman, 435 U.S. 349 (1978), is the leading United States Supreme Court decision on judicial immunity. It involved an Indiana judge who was sued by a young woman who had been sterilized without her knowledge as a minor in accordance with the judge's order. The Supreme Court held that the judge was immune from being sued for issuing the order because it was issued as a judicial function. The case has been called one of the most controversial in recent Supreme Court history.


query: Are both Polypodium and Mukdenia considered genus species of ferns?

pos: Polypodium Polypodium is a genus of 75–100 species of true ferns, widely distributed throughout the world, with the highest species diversity in the tropics. The name is derived from Ancient Greek "poly" (πολύ) "many" + "podion" (πόδιον) "little foot", on account of the foot-like appearance of the rhizome and its branches. They are commonly called polypody or rockcap fern, but for many species unique vernacular names exist.

pos: Mukdenia Mukdenia is a genus of plants in the saxifrage family, Saxifragaceae, consisting of 2 species. They are native to woodland areas of east Asia and Japan.

neg: Bulbophyllum microdendron Bulbophyllum microdendron is a species of orchid in the genus "Bulbophyllum".

neg: Pecluma Pecluma, the rockcap ferns is a genus of fern in family Polypodiaceae. It contains the following species (but this list may be incomplete):

neg: Dicroidium Dicroidium is an extinct genus of fork-leaved seed ferns that were distributed over Gondwana during the Triassic (ERROR! Start of period Triassic unknown, perhaps because it was mis-spelt or because it is missing from . ). Their fossils are known from South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, South America and Antarctica. They were first discovered in Triassic sediments of Tasmania by Morris in 1845.

neg: Microsorum pustulatum Microsorum pustulatum (kangaroo fern or hound's tongue, in Māori: kōwaowao, pāraharaha) is a species of fern within the Polypodiaceae family. This species occurs widely in New Zealand and also in Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania in Australia. An example occurrence in the North Island of New Zealand is in the Hamilton Ecological District where it is associated with a number of other ferns including "Blechnum filiforme" and "Blechnum discolor".

neg: Equisetidae Equisetidae is a subclass of Polypodiopsida (ferns). This subclass comprises the group commonly known as horsetails. It is equivalent to the class Equisetopsida "sensu stricto" in previous classifications.

neg: Micropodia Micropodia is a genus of fungi in the family Helotiaceae; according to the 2007 Outline of Ascomycota, the placement in this family is uncertain. The genus contains 1 or 2 species.

neg: Polysiphonia ceramiaeformis Polysiphonia ceramiaeformis, also called banded siphon weed, is a small red algae ("Rhodophyta"), in the genus "Polysiphonia". Individuals are irregularly branched with the branches extending up to 5.5 cm from a central node and ending in dense tufts of fibres.

neg: Polytrichum Polytrichum is a genus of mosses — commonly called haircap moss or hair moss — which contains approximately 70 species that cover a cosmopolitan distribution. (Less common vernacular names include bird wheat and pigeon wheat.)

neg: Lomariopsidaceae The Lomariopsidaceae is a family of ferns with a largely tropical distribution. It is part of the eupolypods I clade of the order Polypodiales, in the class Polypodiopsida, and contains the following genera:

neg: Polypodium chionolepis Polypodium chionolepis is a species of fern in the Polypodiaceae family. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

neg: Polypodium rimbachii Polypodium rimbachii is a species of fern in the Polypodiaceae family. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

neg: Polypodium argyrolepis Polypodium argyrolepis is a species of fern in the Polypodiaceae family. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

neg: Pseudopiptadenia Pseudopiptadenia is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the mimosoid clade of the subfamily Caesalpinioideae.

neg: Bradypodion Bradypodion (meaning "slow-footed") is one of six genera of chameleons within the "true" or "typical" chameleons (Family Chamaeleonidae). They are native to southern Africa, and are sometimes collectively called South African dwarf chameleons. Some other small chameleons from eastern and central Africa are occasionally placed herein, but this is probably in error and not followed here. See also Systematics below and "Kinyongia" and "Nadzikambia".

neg: Polypodium virginianum Polypodium virginianum, commonly known as rock polypody, rock cap fern, or common polypody, is a small evergreen species of fern native to the Eastern United States and Canada. It generally grows on rocks and occasionally on tree roots in nature.

neg: Psilotopsida Psilotopsida is a class of ferns or fern-like plants, considered to be one of the three classes of eusporangiate ferns. It should not be confused with the obsolete class Psilophytopsida. As circumscribed by Smith "et al.", 2006, Psilotopsida contains two families, Psilotaceae and Ophioglossaceae, placed in orders Psilotales and Ophioglossales, respectively. The affinities of these two groups have long been unclear and a close relationship between them has only recently been confirmed through molecular systematic studies. Some studies show that Psilotopsida is the sister-group to all other ferns (including Marattiaceae and Equisetaceae), but others indicate that Equisetaceae is more basal.

neg: Rhachidosoraceae Rhachidosoraceae is a family of ferns in the order Polypodiales. Its only genus is "Rhachidosorus", which was described by Ren Chang Ching in 1964, with about 7 species in eastern and southeastern Asia, including Japan, the Philippines, and Sumatra.

neg: Penium Penium is a genus of green algae, and the sole member of the family Peniaceae. The genus contains about 39 species.

neg: Genoplesium Genoplesium commonly known as midge orchids, is a genus of about 50 species of flowering plants in the orchid family, Orchidaceae and is found in Australia, New Zealand and New Caledonia. Midge orchids are terrestrial herbs with a single leaf at the base of the plant. They are similar to orchids in the genus "Prasophyllum" in that plants without flowers have a hollow, onion-like leaf. The flowers are small but often scented and attractive to their insect pollinators. There is disagreement about which species belong to this genus and some taxonomists suggest that most belong in the genus "Corunastylis".

neg: Glossopteris Glossopteris (Ancient Greek: γλώσσα "glossa" , meaning "tongue", because the leaves were tongue-shaped) is the largest and best-known genus of the extinct order of seed ferns known as Glossopteridales (also known as Arberiales or Ottokariales). The genus "Glossopteris" refers only to leaves, within a framework of form genera used in paleobotany. (For likely reproductive organs see Glossopteridaceae.) These are important because they indicate biological identity of these plants that were critical for recognizing former connections between the varied fragments of Gondwana: South America, Africa, India, Australia, New Zealand, and Antarctica.


query: Which artist beat both Bob Dylan and the musician who was part of the Mothers of Invention band to the release of the first studio double album?

pos: Verlaine et Rimbaud Verlaine et Rimbaud (English: ""Verlaine and Rimbaud"") is an album by Léo Ferré. It was released in 1964 by Barclay Records. This album is one of the first studio double albums in popular music history (before Bob Dylan's or Frank Zappa's).

pos: Frank Zappa Frank Vincent Zappa (December 21, 1940 – December 4, 1993) was an American musician, composer, activist and filmmaker. His work was characterized by nonconformity, free-form improvisation, sound experiments, musical virtuosity, and satire of American culture. In a career spanning more than 30 years, Zappa composed rock, pop, jazz, jazz fusion, orchestral and "musique concrète" works, and produced almost all of the 60-plus albums that he released with his band the Mothers of Invention and as a solo artist. Zappa also directed feature-length films and music videos, and designed album covers. Publications such as "Ultimate Classic Rock" and "The Independent" have described him as one of the most innovative and stylistically diverse rock musicians of his generation.

neg: A Scratch in the Sky A Scratch in the Sky (1967) is the second album by The Cryan' Shames. For this album, new members Isaac Guillory and Lenny Kerley join the lineup. Dave Purple and Jerry Stone are no longer listed on the credits. On their second album, the Cryan' Shames shifted from the heavy British Invasion and Byrds influences of their debut into a more California sunshine pop-flavored sound, without abandoning their debts to the Beatles and the Byrds altogether. On this second album, all but 2 songs are original compositions by Jim Fairs and Lenny Kerley.

neg: Frank Zappa discography This is a list of albums by Frank Zappa, including all those credited to the Mothers of Invention. During his lifetime, Zappa released 62 albums. Since 1994, the Zappa Family Trust has released 47 posthumous albums, making a total of 109 albums. The current distributor of Zappa's recorded output is Universal Music Enterprises. A list of albums of Zappa's music by other artists is also included.

neg: Ballad of Easy Rider "Ballad of Easy Rider" is a song written by Roger McGuinn with input from Bob Dylan (although Dylan is not credited as a co-writer) for the 1969 film, "Easy Rider". The song was initially released in August 1969 on the "Easy Rider" soundtrack album as a Roger McGuinn solo performance. It was later issued in an alternate version as a single by McGuinn's band The Byrds on October 1, 1969. The Byrds' single reached #65 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 and was issued in most international territories, although it was not released in the United Kingdom. Senior editor for "Rolling Stone" magazine David Fricke has described the song as perfectly capturing the social mood of late 1969 and highlighting "the weary blues and dashed expectations of a decade's worth of social insurrection."

neg: One Too Many Mornings "One Too Many Mornings" is a song by Bob Dylan, released on his third studio album "The Times They Are a-Changin'" in 1964. The chords and vocal melody are in some places very similar to the song "The Times They Are A-Changin'". "One Too Many Mornings" is in the key of C Major and is fingerpicked.

neg: High Water (For Charley Patton) "High Water (For Charley Patton)" is a song by Bob Dylan, released on his 31st studio album ""Love and Theft"" in 2001. The song draws its title from the Charley Patton song "High Water Everywhere", and is meant as a tribute to that bluesman. It is one of many songs based on the 1927 Louisiana flood. Other songs about the event include Memphis Minnie's "When the Levee Breaks" (also recorded by Dylan on his "Modern Times" album as "The Levee's Gonna Break"), and Randy Newman's "Louisiana 1927".

neg: Couldn't Stand the Weather Couldn't Stand the Weather is the second studio album by American blues rock band Stevie Ray Vaughan and Double Trouble. It was released on May 15, 1984, by Epic Records as the follow-up to the band's critically and commercially successful 1983 album, "Texas Flood". Recording sessions took place in January 1984 at the Power Station in New York City.

neg: Al Aronowitz Alfred Gilbert Aronowitz (May 20, 1928 – August 1, 2005) was an American rock journalist best known for introducing Bob Dylan to The Beatles in 1964.

neg: Ruben and the Jets Ruben and the Jets was an American, Los Angeles-based rock band, active between 1972 and 1974. Led by Ruben Guevara, band members included, Ruben and the Jets released two albums, the first of which was produced by Frank Zappa, whose band The Mothers of Invention had previously released an album titled "Cruising with Ruben & the Jets", for which Guevera had named his band.

neg: Double-Time Records Double-Time Records (a.k.a. Double-Time Jazz) is a jazz record company and label founded by Jamey D. Aebersold in New Albany, Indiana in 1995. Its catalogue includes albums by John Abercrombie, Bruce Barth, Jerry Bergonzi, Conrad Herwig, Andy LaVerne, Dave Liebman, Hank Marr, Steve Slagle, and Walt Weiskopf.

neg: Modern Times (Bob Dylan album) Modern Times is the thirty-second studio album by American singer-songwriter Bob Dylan, released on August 29, 2006 by Columbia Records. The album was Dylan's third straight (following "Time Out of Mind" and "Love and Theft") to be met with nearly universal praise from fans and critics. It continued its predecessors' tendencies toward blues, rockabilly and pre-rock balladry, and was self-produced by Dylan under the pseudonym "Jack Frost". Despite the acclaim, the album sparked some debate over its uncredited use of choruses and arrangements from older songs, as well as many lyrical lines taken from the work of 19th-century poet Henry Timrod.

neg: Rolling Thunder Revue The Rolling Thunder Revue was a concert tour by American singer-songwriter Bob Dylan with a traveling caravan of musicians, including Joan Baez, Roger McGuinn, and Ramblin' Jack Elliott. Bob Neuwirth assembled the backing musicians, including T-Bone Burnett, Mick Ronson, David Mansfield, Steven Soles, and from the "Desire" sessions, violinist Scarlet Rivera, bassist Rob Stoner, and drummer Howie Wyeth. The tour included 57 concerts in two legs—the first in the American northeast and Canada in the fall of 1975, and the second in the American south and southwest in the spring of 1976.

neg: Masters of War "Masters of War" is a song by Bob Dylan, written over the winter of 1962–63 and released on the album "The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan" in the spring of 1963. The song's melody was adapted from the traditional "Nottamun Town". Dylan's lyrics are a protest against the Cold War nuclear arms build-up of the early 1960s.

neg: The Times They Are a-Changin' (Burl Ives album) The Times They Are a-Changin' is a 1968 album by Burl Ives, produced by Bob Johnston. It was probably recorded at Columbia Studios in Nashville, with local session musicians. It features songs by Bob Dylan, Paul Simon, and Johnny Cash (all of whom had previously worked with Johnston), songs by Johnston's friend Charlie Daniels, plus other pop or country standards.

neg: Bucky Baxter William "Bucky" Baxter is an American multi-instrumentalist from New Jersey. He was born in Melbourne, Florida. He has appeared on various albums by artists such as Bob Dylan, Ryan Adams, Steve Earle, R.E.M., and Joe Henry.

neg: Gene Parsons Gene Victor Parsons (born September 4, 1944 in Morongo Valley, California) is an American drummer, banjo player, guitarist, singer-songwriter, and engineer, best known for his work with The Byrds from 1968 to 1972. Parsons has also released solo albums and played in bands including Nashville West, The Flying Burrito Brothers, and Parsons Green. He is credited with inventing the B-Bender (also known as the StringBender) along with guitarist Clarence White and the device is often referred to as the Parsons/White B-Bender, a trademarked name.

neg: Maggie's Farm "Maggie's Farm" is a song written by Bob Dylan, recorded on January 15, 1965, and released on the album "Bringing It All Back Home" on March 22 of that year. Like many other Dylan songs of the 1965–66 period, "Maggie's Farm" is based in electric blues. It was released as a single in the United Kingdom on June 4, 1965, and peaked at #22 on the chart.

neg: Don't Think Twice, It's All Right "Don't Think Twice, It's All Right" is a song written by Bob Dylan in 1962, recorded on November 14 that year, and released on the 1963 album "The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan" and as a single.

neg: The Best of the Band The Best of the Band is the first greatest hits package by Canadian-American rock group the Band. Featuring ten tracks taken from six of their first seven albums (not counting 1974's "Before the Flood" or 1975's "The Basement Tapes", both with Bob Dylan), it featured two tracks from the first, second, third and sixth albums, one each from the fourth and fifth, rounded out by the early 1975 single "Twilight".

neg: Absolutely Free Absolutely Free is the second studio album by the American rock band the Mothers of Invention, led by Frank Zappa, released in 1967. "Absolutely Free" is, again, a display of complex musical composition with political and social satire. The band had been augmented since "Freak Out!" by the addition of woodwinds player Bunk Gardner, keyboardist Don Preston, rhythm guitarist Jim Fielder and drummer Billy Mundi. Fielder quit the group before the album was released and his name was removed from the album credits.

neg: Jimi Hendrix James Marshall "Jimi" Hendrix (born Johnny Allen Hendrix; November 27, 1942 – September 18, 1970) was an American rock guitarist, singer, and songwriter. Although his mainstream career spanned only four years, he is widely regarded as one of the most influential electric guitarists in the history of popular music, and one of the most celebrated musicians of the 20th century. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame describes him as "arguably the greatest instrumentalist in the history of rock music".


query: What American pop and jazz singer recorded "Changing Partners" the same year as Dinah Shore and Bing Crosby?

pos: Changing Partners "Changing Partners" is a pop song with music by Larry Coleman and lyrics by Joe Darion, published in 1953. The best-known recording was made by Patti Page. It was also recorded the same year by Dinah Shore, Kay Starr and Bing Crosby.

pos: Kay Starr Katherine Laverne Starks (July 21, 1922November 3, 2016), known as Kay Starr, was an American pop and jazz singer who enjoyed considerable success in the 1940s and 1950s. She is best remembered for introducing two songs that became #1 hits in the 1950s, "Wheel of Fortune" and "The Rock And Roll Waltz".

neg: Ellis Larkins Ellis Larkins (May 15, 1923 – September 30, 2002) was an American jazz pianist born in Baltimore, Maryland, perhaps best known for his two recordings with Ella Fitzgerald: the albums "Ella Sings Gershwin" (1950) and "Songs in a Mellow Mood" (1954). He was also the leader in the first solo sides by singer Chris Connor on her album "Chris" (1954).

neg: Mary Hadler Mary Hadler (February 28, 1902 – September 27, 1971), also known as Mary Margaret Hadler and Mary Gilbert, was an American songwriter best known for writing the popular songs "Chapel by the Sea" and "Shifting Whispering Sands", in collaboration with her husband, V. C. Gilbert. Both songs were written in the 1950s, the latter recorded and played around the world.

neg: Lena Horne Lena Mary Calhoun Horne (June 30, 1917 – May 9, 2010) was an American jazz and pop music singer, dancer, actress, and civil rights activist. Horne's career spanned over 70 years appearing in film, television, and theater. Horne joined the chorus of the Cotton Club at the age of 16 and became a nightclub performer before moving to Hollywood, where she had small parts in numerous movies, and more substantial parts in the 1943 films "Cabin in the Sky" and "Stormy Weather". Because of the Red Scare and her political activism, Horne found herself blacklisted and unable to get work in Hollywood.

neg: Unforgettable (Dinah Washington album) Unforgettable is a 1961 LP record by blues, R&B and jazz singer Dinah Washington, released on the Mercury Records label, and reissued as a compilation album in 1991. The record shows the singer mostly in a Pop star role instead of her traditional jazz & blues style. Allmusic reviews the compilation album as saying: "This CD (which has the original LP program of 12 songs joined by six others) finds Washington singing brief (mostly under three-minute) versions of standards in hopes of gaining another hit.".

neg: Bing Crosby – Way Back Home Bing Crosby – Way Back Home is a Decca Records compilation 78rpm album of phonograph records by Bing Crosby featuring sentimental and homely songs .

neg: Rosemary Clooney Rosemary Clooney (May 23, 1928 – June 29, 2002) was an American singer and actress. She came to prominence in the early 1950s with the song "Come On-a My House", which was followed by other pop numbers such as "Botch-a-Me", "Mambo Italiano", "Tenderly", "Half as Much", "Hey There" and "This Ole House". She also had success as a jazz vocalist. Clooney's career languished in the 1960s, partly due to problems related to depression and drug addiction, but revived in 1977, when her "White Christmas" co-star Bing Crosby asked her to appear with him at a show marking his 50th anniversary in show business. She continued recording until her death in 2002.

neg: Carol Richards Carol Swiedler (Stage name Carol Richards or Carole Richards), (June 6, 1922 - March 16, 2007) was an American singer, radio and television performer, remembered for her duets with Bing Crosby on the hit single "Silver Bells" and on the song "Sunshine Cake."

neg: Dinah (song) "Dinah" is a popular song published in 1925 and introduced by Ethel Waters at the Plantation Club on Broadway. It was interpolated into the show "Kid Boots". The music was written by Harry Akst, and the lyrics by Sam M. Lewis and Joe Young. Hit versions in 1926 were by Ethel Waters, The Revelers, Cliff Edwards and Fletcher Henderson.

neg: Pop + Jazz = Swing Pop + Jazz = Swing is an album arranged and conducted by Benny Golson featuring performances recorded in 1962 and originally released on the Audio Fidelity label. The album utilised stereophonic sound to present a jazz group on the right channel and an 11-piece pop orchestra playing the same song or a related tune on the left channel which could be separated or mixed by the listener. The related jazz tunes are contrafact's or borrowed chord progressions where new melodies are overlaid on an existing harmonic structure. The jazz tunes were later released as Just Jazz! and both albums were combined on a CD reissue.

neg: St. Valentine's Day (album) St. Valentine's Day is a Decca Records compilation album of recordings by Bing Crosby.

neg: Shirley Horn Shirley Valerie Horn (May 1, 1934 – October 20, 2005) was an American jazz singer and pianist. She collaborated with many jazz greats including Miles Davis, Dizzy Gillespie, Toots Thielemans, Ron Carter, Carmen McRae, Wynton Marsalis and others. She was most noted for her ability to accompany herself with nearly incomparable independence and ability on the piano while singing, something described by arranger Johnny Mandel as "like having two heads", and for her rich, lush voice, a smoky contralto, which was described by noted producer and arranger Quincy Jones as "like clothing, as she seduces you with her voice". Although she could swing as strongly as any straight-ahead jazz artist, Horn's reputation rode on her exquisite ballad work.

neg: Love Walked In "Love Walked In" is a song composed by George Gershwin, with lyrics by Ira Gershwin. The tune was composed in 1930, but the lyric was not written until 1937, for the movie musical "The Goldwyn Follies" (1938), where it was sung by Kenny Baker. Hit versions include Sammy Kaye (1938), The Hilltoppers (1953), Ella Fitzgerald (1959) and Dinah Washington (1960). Artie Shaw recorded the song in the early 1940s.

neg: Peggy King Peggy King (born 16 February 1930, Greensburg, Pennsylvania) is a jazz and pop vocalist and former TV personality. She got her start with the bands of Charlie Spivak, Ralph Flanagan and Ray Anthony and was featured on an early TV series with Mel Torme.

neg: Pauline Byrns Pauline Byrns (May 6, 1917 – September 18, 1990) was an American singer who recorded successfully in the swing era of the late 1930s and 1940s, notably with Artie Shaw and the vocal groups Six Hits and a Miss and The Starlighters. She was often credited as Pauline Byrne or Pauline Byrnes. Singer Mel Tormé said of her: "Oh, what a singer... I admired her so much".

neg: (We're Off on the) Road to Morocco (We're Off on the) Road to Morocco is a song composed in 1942 by Jimmy Van Heusen, with lyrics by Johnny Burke, for the movie Road to Morocco. In "Road to Morocco", it was performed by Bing Crosby and Bob Hope. Crosby recorded a solo version of the song on June 10, 1942 with Vic Schoen and his orchestra. Subsequently, on December 8, 1944, Crosby and Hope recorded a duet version which reached the No. 21 position in the Billboard charts briefly in July 1945.

neg: Ella Fitzgerald Sings Sweet Songs for Swingers Ella Fitzgerald Sings Sweet Songs for Swingers is a 1959 album by the American jazz singer Ella Fitzgerald, recorded with a studio Orchestra arranged and conducted by Frank DeVol.

neg: Dinah Shore Dinah Shore (born Fannye Rose Shore; February 29, 1916 – February 24, 1994) was an American singer, actress, and television personality, and the top-charting female vocalist of the 1940s. She rose to prominence as a recording artist during the Big Band era, but achieved even greater success a decade later, in television, mainly as hostess of a series of variety programs for Chevrolet.

neg: Marion Montgomery Marion Montgomery (November 17, 1934 – July 22, 2002) was an American jazz singer who lived in the United Kingdom.

neg: Buddy Bregman Louis Isidore "Buddy" Bregman (July 9, 1930 – January 8, 2017) was an American arranger, producer, and composer. He worked with many of the greatest musical artists of 20th Century popular music, including: Ella Fitzgerald, Bing Crosby, Judy Garland, Fred Astaire, Louis Armstrong, Sammy Davis Jr., Peggy Lee, Bobby Darin, Anita O'Day, Frank Sinatra, Count Basie, Oscar Peterson, Jerry Lewis, Paul Anka, Buddy Rich, Eddie Fisher, Annie Ross, and Carmen McRae. He became Ethel Merman's personal arranger.

neg: A Great New Star A Great New Star is a 1952 musical sponsored film starring Dinah Shore, with her singing "See the U.S.A. in Your Chevrolet" (at the time, she starred in a twice-weekly 15-minute musical interlude for Chevrolet on NBC-TV). It starts off with her singing "It's a Most Unusual Day", and then shows an ephemeral film being made. The ending has her singing the Chevrolet jingle with shots of Chevrolet cars and America. It was made by the Jam Handy Organization.


query: Stacey Travis starred in a 1988 American musical film that was directed by who?

pos: Stacey Travis Stacey Travis (born August 29, 1966) is an American actress whose films include "Earth Girls Are Easy" (1988), "Hardware" (1990), "The Super" (1991), "Traffic" (2000), and "Ghost World" (2001).

pos: Earth Girls Are Easy Earth Girls Are Easy is a 1988 American musical romantic-comedy science fiction film that was produced by Tony Garnett, Duncan Henderson, and Terrence E. McNally and was directed by Julien Temple. The film stars Geena Davis, Julie Brown, Jeff Goldblum, Damon Wayans, and Jim Carrey. The plot is based on the song "Earth Girls Are Easy" from Julie Brown's 1984 mini-album "Goddess in Progress".

neg: Billy's Hollywood Screen Kiss Billy's Hollywood Screen Kiss is a 1998 American independent, gay-themed romantic comedy film written and directed by Tommy O'Haver and starring Sean P. Hayes, Brad Rowe, and Meredith Scott Lynn. The film was a breakthrough performance for Hayes, who would go from this film to his role as Jack McFarland on the hit television show "Will & Grace".

neg: Posse on Broadway "Posse on Broadway" is a hip hop song first recorded by Sir Mix-a-Lot on his 1988 debut album "Swass". He also released a music video.

neg: Polly (1989 film) Polly is a 1989 American made-for-television musical film adapted from the book "Pollyanna" by Eleanor H. Porter featuring an all African-American cast (with the exception of Celeste Holm). It was directed and choreographed by Debbie Allen, starring Keshia Knight Pulliam, Phylicia Rashad and also featured the final performance of actress Butterfly McQueen. "Polly" was originally broadcast on NBC on November 12, 1989.

neg: Song of the City Song of the City is a 1937 American musical film directed by Errol Taggart and written by Michael Fessier. The film stars Margaret Lindsay, Dean Jagger, J. Carrol Naish, Nat Pendleton, Dennis Morgan and Marla Shelton. The film was released on April 2, 1937, by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.

neg: Too Many Girls (musical) Too Many Girls is a Broadway musical comedy which was adapted for a 1940 film version starring Lucille Ball. The music was composed by Richard Rodgers, the lyrics by Lorenz Hart, and the book was by George Marion, Jr.

neg: How Stella Got Her Groove Back How Stella Got Her Groove Back is a 1998 romantic comedy film directed by Kevin Rodney Sullivan, adapted from Terry McMillan's bestselling novel of the same title. The film stars Angela Bassett, Taye Diggs, Whoopi Goldberg, and Regina King. The original music score was composed by Michel Colombier.

neg: Mystic Pizza Mystic Pizza is a 1988 American coming-of-age film directed by Donald Petrie, and stars Annabeth Gish, Julia Roberts and Lili Taylor.

neg: Trapped in the Closet Chapters 13–22 Trapped in the Closet is a 2007 musical comedy-drama film directed by R. Kelly and Jim Swaffield and written by Kelly based on the song of the same name. Released in August 21, 2007, the film follows protagonist Sylvester, a man who in order not to get caught cheating decides to hide in his affair's closet.

neg: The Magic of Lassie The Magic of Lassie is a 1978 American musical drama film directed by Don Chaffey, starring Lassie, James Stewart, Stephanie Zimbalist, Pernell Roberts, and Michael Sharrett, with cameo appearances by Mickey Rooney and Alice Faye (in her final film appearance). James Stewart is featured in one of only three musical film roles that he played: the first was "Born to Dance" (1936) in which he introduced the Cole Porter standard "Easy To Love" and the second was "Pot O' Gold" (1941). This was also his final onscreen appearance in a live-action film. The screenplay and song score are supplied by the prolific Sherman Brothers of "Mary Poppins" fame. Their song "When You're Loved" was nominated for an Academy Award for "Best Original Song" and was sung by Debby Boone. It is also the only musical film featuring Lassie.

neg: Mack the Knife (film) Mack the Knife is a 1989 New Zealand romantic comedy musical film written and directed by Menahem Golan and starring Raúl Juliá, Richard Harris, Julia Migenes, Roger Daltrey and Julie Walters. It is a film adaptation of the 1928 Brecht/Weill musical "The Threepenny Opera".

neg: Songs of Chelsea Songs of Chelsea is a 1988 studio album by Blossom Dearie.

neg: Freeway (1988 film) Freeway is a 1988 Independent thriller film starring Darlanne Fluegel and James Russo.

neg: Working Girl (Original Soundtrack Album) Working Girl (Original Soundtrack Album) is the soundtrack to the 1988 Oscar-winning hit film "Working Girl".

neg: Blaze (1989 film) Blaze is a 1989 film written and directed by Ron Shelton. Based on the 1974 memoir "Blaze Starr: My Life as Told to Huey Perry" by Blaze Starr and Huey Perry, the film stars Paul Newman as Earl Long and Lolita Davidovich as Blaze Starr, with Starr herself in a cameo appearance.

neg: Easter Parade (film) Easter Parade is a 1948 American musical film starring Judy Garland, Fred Astaire and Peter Lawford, featuring music by Irving Berlin, including some of Astaire and Garland's best-known songs, such as "Easter Parade", "Steppin' Out with My Baby", and "We're a Couple of Swells". The story bears certain similarities to Pygmalion.

neg: High Society (musical) High Society is a musical comedy with a book by Arthur Kopit and music and lyrics by Cole Porter. Some updated or new lyrics were provided by Susan Birkenhead. The musical is based on Philip Barry's 1939 stage comedy, "The Philadelphia Story" and the subsequent 1956 musical film adaptation, "High Society", which features Porter's songs. The musical includes most of the music featured in the movie, along with several songs selected from other Porter musicals. It premiered on Broadway in 1998 and has since been revived. Another musical adaptation of the story had opened in London in 1987 with a different book by Richard Eyre.

neg: Heartbreak Hotel (film) Heartbreak Hotel is a 1988 American comedy film written and directed by Chris Columbus, and stars David Keith and Tuesday Weld. Set in 1972, the story deals with one of the many "legends" involving Elvis Presley (Keith) about his fictional kidnapping, and his subsequent redemption from decadence.

neg: List of American films of 1988 A list of American films released in 1988.

neg: Nancye Hayes Nancye Lee Hayes AM (born 1943) is an Australian actress, dancer, singer and choreographer/director. She has been a leading figure in Australian musical theatre since the 1960s.

neg: Nicholas Braun Nicholas Joseph "Nick" Braun (born May 1, 1988) is an American actor and musician.