query: Were Karen Carpenter and Mark Mothersbaugh both singers?

pos: Karen Carpenter Karen Anne Carpenter (March 2, 1950 – February 4, 1983) was an American singer and drummer, and part of the duo the Carpenters with her brother Richard. She was critically acclaimed for her contralto vocals, and her drumming was praised by contemporary musicians and peers.

pos: Mark Mothersbaugh Mark Allen Mothersbaugh ( ; born May 18, 1950) is an American singer, songwriter, composer, multi-instrumentalist, record producer, author and visual artist.

neg: Coffee with Conscience Coffee With Conscience is a monthly concert series based in Westfield, New Jersey which raises money for local charities by hosting touring musical performers with a focus on singer-songwriters. It is sponsored in part by the Westfield Service League, and it began in 2000 and has run every year since then. Charities it sponsors include Homefirst, Habitat for Humanity, Contact We Care, the Community Food Bank of NJ and the Keith Knost Special Needs Trust. Performances happen in downtown Westfield, New Jersey. In the past it has supported charities such as the Eric Johnson House in Morristown, The Central Jersey Chapter of the Names Project, and others. It features seven performances annually. Past performers have included David Wilcox, Beaucoup Blue, Modern Man, Anais Mitchell, Red Molly, Christine Lavin, Greg Greenway, John Flynn, Reggie Harris, Don White, Pat Wictor, Toby Walker, John McCutcheon, the Guy Mendilow Band, The Bobs, Pat Wictor & Toby, Ginny Johnston, Jessica Schoenberg, Greg Greenway, David Roth, Dayna Kurtz, Bob Malone, Carla Ulbrich, Justin Roth, Cheryl Wheeler, Catie Curtis, The Kennedys, KJ Denhert, guitarist Glenn Alexander and many others. It was founded by the former minister of the Springfield Emanuel Methodist Church, Jeff Markay, and has been managed by artistic director and host Ahrre Maros, and staffed by a team of volunteers.

neg: If I Were a Carpenter (tribute album) If I Were a Carpenter is a 1994 tribute album to The Carpenters. It features alternative rock bands covering the songs of Richard and Karen Carpenter.

neg: Mark Ledford Mark Ledford (born 1960 – November 1, 2004) was an American trumpeter, singer, and guitarist. He was known for his multi-instrumentalism and his membership in the Pat Metheny Group.

neg: Gary Carpenter (composer) Gary Carpenter (born 1951) is a British composer, of concert music and film scores, and also operas and musicals. He is a Visiting Professor at the Royal Academy of Music and the Royal Northern College of Music. He was Associate Music Director for the film "The Wicker Man", putting together the ensemble Magnet for the occasion.

neg: Oh Mother "Oh Mother" is a song recorded by American singer Christina Aguilera for her fifth studio album, "Back to Basics" (2006). The song was released on November 23, 2007 by RCA Records as the fourth and final single from the album in European territories, while "Slow Down Baby" was serviced as the final single in Oceania. It was written by Aguilera, Derryck Thornton, Mark Rankin, Liz Thornton, Christophe Barratier, Bruno Coulais and Kara DioGuardi. Production was done by Big Tank and Q, with L Boggie credited as co-producer and Aguilera serviced as additional producer.

neg: Mark Kennedy (musician) Mark Kennedy (born 20 August 1951) is an Australian musician who has been the drummer for several artists including Spectrum (1969–70), Doug Parkinson in Focus (1971), Leo de Castro (1971–73), Ayers Rock (1973–76), Marcia Hines (1976–83), Men at Work (1985), Renée Geyer (1985–86, 1995–96) and Jimmy Barnes (2005).

neg: Mother Records Mother Records was a record label founded by the band U2 in 1983 and distributed by parent Island Records. As a supportive promotional platform, the label released several one-off single releases for The Hothouse Flowers, In Tua Nua and Cactus World News among others.

neg: Moulty (song) "Moulty" is a song by the American band The Barbarians, and was released in 1966 on Laurie Records. It was written by Doug Morris, Barbara Baer, Eliot Greenberg, Robert Schwartz, and Victor "Moulty" Moulton, and was also produced by Morris. The lyrics refer to Moulton's loss of his left hand, and the feelings of estrangement that followed. The song was released as a single, and gave The Barbarians their second and final hit on the "Billboard" Hot 100.

neg: Jeff Carpenter Jeff Carpenter is an award winning musician and songwriter with the all Native American orchestral rock band Injunuity.

neg: Carpenter Museum The Carpenter Museum in Rehoboth, Massachusetts is the town's museum of local history, originating during the American Bicentennial year as a facility to house the collection of the Rehoboth Antiquarian Society which was incorporated in 1884.

neg: Karen Philipp Karen Philipp (born September 7, 1945) is an American singer and actress.

neg: Mothers Heaven Mothers Heaven is the second album from the Scottish rock band Texas. The album was released on 23 September 1991 by Mercury Records. The album peaked at no. 32 in the UK and spent 4 weeks on the charts.

neg: Madisen Ward and the Mama Bear Madisen Ward and the Mama Bear are a mother-and-son folk duo, from Independence, Missouri, United States, consisting of singer-songwriter and guitarist Madisen Ward, and his mother Ruth Ward, who plays guitar and sings with him. The band released their debut album "Skeleton Crew", May 18, 2015 on Glassnote Records. The album was recorded in Nashville, Tennessee and produced by Jim Abbiss. The album reached number 50 on the UK Albums Chart on June 14, 2015.

neg: General Boy General Boy is a character created around 1975 by new wave band Devo. He is usually seen portrayed by Robert Mothersbaugh, Sr., the father of both Devo's lead singer Mark Mothersbaugh and lead guitarist Bob Mothersbaugh.

neg: Mother (Kubb album) Mother is the only album of British band Kubb. It was released on 14 November 2005 in the UK on the Mercury Records label. It reached a peak of 26 the week of 13 February 2006. The album was never released in the US, although some versions have surfaced stateside (these versions removed the track "Bitch", bringing the album down to 11 tracks).

neg: The Age of Miracles (album) The Age of Miracles is the eleventh studio album released by American music artist Mary Chapin Carpenter. The album was released on April 27, 2010 on Zoë Records and was produced by Carpenter and Matt Rollings.

neg: The Carpenters The Carpenters were an American vocal and instrumental duo consisting of siblings Karen (1950-1983) and Richard Carpenter (b. 1946). Producing a distinctively soft musical style, which combined Karen's contralto vocals with Richard's arranging and composition skills, they became one of the best-selling music artists of all time. During their 14-year career, the Carpenters recorded 11 albums, 31 singles, five television specials, and a short-lived television series.

neg: Mothers Talk "Mothers Talk" is a 1984 song by the British band Tears for Fears. Written by Roland Orzabal and Ian Stanley and sung by Orzabal, it was the band's seventh single release (the first to be taken from their second album "Songs from the Big Chair" (1985) and fifth UK Top 40 chart hit. The song was released six months in advance of the album and showcased the band's edgier sound, as compared to their debut LP "The Hurting" (1983). It was also a moderate success internationally.

neg: Make Your Own Kind of Music (TV series) Make Your Own Kind of Music was an American summer replacement television series starring The Carpenters that aired on NBC from July 20, 1971 to September 7, 1971. Some guest stars were Don Knotts, Herb Alpert, Al Hirt, Mark Lindsay, Patchett & Tarses, Helen Reddy, and the Doodletown Pipers.

neg: Amy Wynn Pastor Amy Wynn Pastor (born May 9, 1976 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) is best known as a carpenter on the TLC reality shows "Trading Spaces" and "". She is currently under contract with the DIY Network, starring in two shows, Backyard Stadiums, hosted by Michael Strahan, and Make A Move. She is the spokesperson for Carpet One Floor & Home, as well as a line of women's safety equipment produced by AOSafety.


query: Are Second Skin and The Messenger both documentaries?

pos: Second Skin (2008 film) Second Skin is a 2008 American documentary film that follows the lives of seven people as they delve into the world of MMORPGs (Massively Multiplayer Online Role Playing Games). The film was directed by Juan Carlos Piñeiro Escoriaza and produced by Victor Piñeiro Escoriaza and Peter Brauer.

pos: The Messenger (2015 documentary film) The Messenger is a 2015 documentary film written and directed by Su Rynard, focusing on the protection of multiple types of songbirds throughout the world. The film's world premiere took place at the Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival on 2015-04-28.

neg: Whole (film) Whole is a documentary about people with body integrity identity disorder. It first was broadcast on the Sundance Channel in 2004.

neg: Under the Sun (Paul Kelly album) Under the Sun is the second album by Australian rock group Paul Kelly & The Coloured Girls and was originally released in December 1987 by Mushroom Records. In the North American and European markets, it was released by A&M Records in 1988 with the band credited as Paul Kelly & The Messengers, with a different track order and listing.

neg: BulletProof Messenger Bulletproof Messenger is a rock band from Long Island, NY.

neg: Skint (Channel 4 series) Skint is a British documentary series broadcast from 13 May 2013 to 27 April 2015 on Channel 4. It followed members of the general public in various locations who are either unemployed or have very little income as they live their daily lives. The series features many issues in episodes including alcoholism, drugs misuse, long term unemployment and legal matters.

neg: Mike Hoolboom Michael "Mike" Hoolboom (born 1 January 1959) is a Canadian independent, experimental filmmaker. Having begun filmmaking at an early age, Hoolboom released his first major work, a "film that's not quite a film" entitled "White Museum", in 1986. Although he continued to produce films, his rate of production improved drastically after he was diagnosed with HIV in 1988 or 1989; this gave a "new urgency" to his works. Since then he has made dozens of films, two of which have won Best Short Film at the Toronto International Film Festival. His films have also featured in more than 200 film festivals worldwide.

neg: Skint (BBC series) Skint is a BBC documentary series following the lives of Britain's poor, unemployed and homeless people as they manage day to day with little money and low job prospects. The show ran for two series and had three specials.

neg: Skin (Flume album) Skin is the second studio album by Australian electronic musician Flume. It was released on 27 May 2016 by Future Classic. The album marks the second full-length release since his self-titled debut in 2012, making it four years between releases.

neg: Jennifer Siebel Newsom Jennifer Lynn Newsom (née Siebel; born June 19, 1974) is an American documentary filmmaker and actress. She is the director, writer and producer of the film "Miss Representation", which premiered in the documentary competition at the 2011 Sundance Film Festival. The film examines how the media have contributed to the underrepresentation of women in positions of power. Her second film, which she wrote produced and directed, was "The Mask You Live In", which premiered at the 2015 Sundance Festival. It is a criticism of American society’s definition of masculinity.

neg: Jacques Rivette, le veilleur Jacques Rivette, le veilleur (English: Jacques Rivette, the nightwatchman) is a 1990 French television documentary film directed by Claire Denis and Serge Daney. Chronicling the life of film critic and director Jacques Rivette, it is an episode of the long running French TV show "Cinéma, de notre temps", which profiles the lives of film directors. It was directed by Denis, with Daney acting as the interviewer. It was made in 1990and first broadcast on Arte on 24 February 1994. It is broken up into two parts: "Le Jour" (70 minutes) and "La Nuit" (54 minutes).

neg: 40 Minutes 40 Minutes was a BBC TV documentary strand broadcast on BBC Two between 1981 and 1994.

neg: Wood (song) "Wood" is a song by English post-trip hop band Second Person, which will be on the band's second album: "The Elements" - the follow-up to their debut album "Chromatography". Released on 9 August 2007, this song has a music video created by a collaboration of artists, animators and the band. This video is the first chapter in a story spanning five videos that make up a short animated film also called "The Elements". These video along with the album were created for "believers" in the band on Sellaband.com who helped the band raise $50,000 to record their album. These videos and songs can be download from their site.

neg: Don't Shoot the Messenger Don't Shoot the Messenger is an EP by Puscifer. Three of the tracks were previously released on soundtracks, "Trekka" (Sean Beavan Mix) being the only exception. "REV 22:20" was released on the "Underworld" soundtrack, "REV 22:20" (4:20 Mix) was released on the "Saw II" soundtrack and "The Undertaker" (Renholdër Mix) was released on the "" soundtrack.

neg: The Skin I'm In (film) The Skin I'm In is a 2012 autobiographical documentary film that was produced, directed, shot, and edited by American filmmaker, scholar, and professor Broderick Fox. The film had its world premiere at the 2012 Byron Bay Film Festival and had its United States premiere at the Arizona International Film Festival, where it was awarded a Special Jury Award for Best Personal Filmmaking. "The Skin I'm In" will be released for stream and download on October 1, 2013 through "The Orchard".

neg: The Weather Underground (film) The Weather Underground is a 2002 documentary film based on the rise and fall of the American radical organization The Weathermen. Using much archive footage from the time as well as interviews with the Weathermen today, the film constructs a linear narrative of the organization.

neg: The Skin The Skin (Italian: "La pelle" ) is a 1981 Italian war film directed by Liliana Cavani and starring Marcello Mastroianni, Ken Marshall, Claudia Cardinale and Burt Lancaster, from Curzio Malaparte's book La pelle (The Skin). It was entered into the 1981 Cannes Film Festival.

neg: Kiki (2016 film) Kiki is an American-Swedish coproduced documentary film, released in 2016. Directed by Sara Jordenö and considered an unofficial sequel to the influential 1990 film "Paris Is Burning", the film profiles several young LGBT people of colour participating in contemporary LGBT African American ball culture.

neg: Second Story Interactive Studios Second Story is an interactive media with studios in Portland, Atlanta, and New York City. It was co-founded by Brad Johnson and Julie Beeler in 1994, evolving from Brad Johnson Presents, which began in 1994 in Berkeley, California. The firm is known for interactive storytelling in many digital formats for a wide range of brands and cultural institutions.

neg: Second Light Second Light (subtitled "An Original Dreadzone Sound Adventure") is the second album by the British band Dreadzone. It was released on Virgin Records in 1995. John Peel had supported their first album, "360°", giving it heavy airplay, as he also did for "Second Light", which he cited as one of his favourite albums of all time. The album was heavily represented in the Festive Fifty for 1995. Dreadzone tracks appeared at #5 ("Zion Youth"), #9 ("Maximum"), #16 ("Fight the Power"), #23 ("Little Britain"), #35 ("Captain Dread") and #48 ("Life, Love & Unity").

neg: Skin: The Remixes Skin: The Remixes is the first remix album by Australian electronic musician Flume, released on 7 April 2017, by Future Classic. It contains various remixes and re-recordings of selections from Flume's second studio album "Skin" (2016).

neg: Gordon Chan Gordon Chan Kar-Seung (), born in 1960, is a Hong Kong film director, writer and producer. His most notable works include "Beast Cops", "Fist of Legend", "Painted Skin", "2000 AD" and "". In 2011 he announced and launched the productions for "Mural", "Four Detectives/Four Marshals", and "Painted Skin 2". Though for Painted Skin 2 he dropped out as the director and the director's seat was given to Wuershan. His 1996 film "First Option" was entered into the 20th Moscow International Film Festival.


query: Which singer also produced records, Eugene Hütz or Alex Chilton?

pos: Eugene Hütz Eugene Hütz (] Ukrainian: Євген Гудзь ] , "Yevhen Hudz′"; born Yevheniy Aleksandrovich Nikolayev-Simonov, Russian: Евгений Александрович Николаев-Симонов , 6 September 1972) is a Ukrainian-born singer, composer, disc jockey and actor, most notable as the frontman of the Gypsy punk band Gogol Bordello.

pos: Alex Chilton William Alexander Chilton (December 28, 1950 – March 17, 2010) was an American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and record producer, best known as the lead singer of the Box Tops and Big Star. Chilton's early commercial success in the 1960s as a teen vocalist for The Box Tops was never repeated in later years with Big Star and in his subsequent indie music solo career on small labels, but he drew an intense following among indie and alternative music musicians. He is frequently cited as a seminal influence by influential rock artists and bands, some of whose testimonials appeared in the 2012 documentary "".

neg: Rozlyne Clarke Rozlyne Clarke (born Roslyn Howell, 9 July 1967) is an Australian dance music singer, best known in France.

neg: Ron Browz Rondell Turner (born December 6, 1982), better known by his stage name Ron Browz ( ), is an American recording artist and record producer from Harlem, New York. He initially gained major recognition after producing the Jay-Z diss track, "Ether" by Nas. Due to the notoriety of the song, Browz adopted the nickname "Ether Boy". In 2008, he began recording music as a rapper, utilizing the Auto-Tune effect and subsequently released two popular singles, "Pop Champagne" and "Jumping (Out the Window)". He also founded his own record label imprint, Ether Boy Records.

neg: Sunshine (Twista song) "Sunshine" was the fourth single released from Twista's fourth album, "Kamikaze". The song did not find success in the US, but in the UK, "Sunshine" peaked at #3 on the UK Singles Chart. "Sunshine" features R&B singer Anthony Hamilton and was produced by Red Spyda.

neg: Rick Springfield Richard Lewis Springthorpe (born 23 August 1949) is an Australian singer, instrumentalist, songwriter, actor and author, known by his stage name Rick Springfield. He was a member of the pop rock group Zoot from 1969 to 1971, then started his solo career with his début single "Speak to the Sky" reaching the top 10 in Australia in mid-1972, when he moved to the United States. He had a No. 1 hit with "Jessie's Girl" in 1981 in both Australia and the U.S., for which he received the Grammy Award for Best Male Rock Vocal Performance. He followed with four more top 10 U.S. hits, "I've Done Everything for You", "Don't Talk to Strangers", "Affair of the Heart" and "Love Somebody". Springfield's two U.S. top 10 albums are "Working Class Dog" (1981) and "Success Hasn't Spoiled Me Yet" (1982).

neg: O'Chi Brown O'Chi Brown (born Doris Gubbins) is an English singer and songwriter born in Tottenham, London, England. She scored two hits on the Dance Club Songs, the most successful being "Whenever You Need Somebody," which hit number one in 1986. The song's producers (Stock Aitken Waterman) would recycle the song for English singer Rick Astley a year later, and it would be the title of his debut studio album on PWL.

neg: Kelly Harrell Kelly Harrell (September 13, 1889 – July 9, 1942) was a country music singer in the 1920s. He recorded more than a dozen songs for OKeh and Victor Records and wrote songs which were recorded by other artists, including Jimmie Rodgers and Ernest Stoneman, in his own lifetime.

neg: Alex Elena Alex Elena is an Italian-born drummer, producer, and photographer.

neg: Willie Hutch William McKinley Hutchison (December 6, 1944 – September 19, 2005), better known as Willie Hutch, was an American singer, songwriter as well as a record producer and recording artist for the Motown record label during the 1970s and 1980s.

neg: Quinton Claunch Quinton M. Claunch (born December 3, 1921) is an American musician, songwriter, record producer and record label owner, who was responsible with others for setting up Hi Records in the 1950s and Goldwax Records in the 1960s.

neg: Workin' on a Groovy Thing (Neil Sedaka album) Workin' on a Groovy Thing is a 1969 studio album containing the works of American pop singer Neil Sedaka. The album was recorded while Sedaka was touring Australia in late 1969; he recorded it on a one-off basis for the Sydney, Australia-based label Festival Records; by that time his career had slumped, and his contract had not been renewed by his former label in the USA, RCA Victor. It was recorded in Festival's studios in Sydney, Australia. It was co-produced by Sedaka and Festival house producer Pat Aulton. The LP featured many notable Australian session players of the period including guitarist Jimmy Doyle (later a member of jazz-rock band Ayers Rock) and veteran jazz musician John Sangster.

neg: Bach's Bottom Bach's Bottom is the second solo album to be released by the American pop-rock musician Alex Chilton. "Bach's Bottom" was recorded in September and October 1975 at Ardent Studios in Memphis.

neg: We've All Been There We've All Been There is the debut solo album by American singer-songwriter Alex Band, best known for being the former lead vocalist and songwriter of rock band The Calling. The album was released on June 29, 2010 through Band's own label, AMB Records, in a distribution deal with EMI Records.

neg: Don Walker (musician) Donald Hugh "Don" Walker (born 29 November 1951) is an Australian musician, songwriter and author known for writing many of the hits for Australian pub rock band Cold Chisel. He played piano and keyboard with the band from 1973 to 1983, when they disbanded. He has since continued to record and tour, both solo and with Tex, Don and Charlie, and worked as a songwriter for others. In 2009, he released his first book.

neg: Gordon Lorenz Gordon Lorenz (4 March 1943 – 5 June 2011) was an English songwriter and record producer, who made his fame by writing the UK Christmas number one hit "There's No-one Quite Like Grandma" for St Winifred's School Choir. Since the song's release, Lorenz became one of the most prolific record producers in the music industry, producing over 800 albums selling eight million records, and earning seventeen platinum, gold and silver discs.

neg: Innocent (Alexander O'Neal song) "Innocent" is a song written by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis and recorded by American recording artist Alexander O'Neal, whose original version was released as his first solo single in 1985 on Tabu Records. It is also a single from the singer's self-titled debut solo album, "Alexander O'Neal" (1985). The song's distinctive backing vocals were performed by Cherrelle. The song's time was edited for release as a single, with the album version being a medley consisting of "Innocent"/"Alex 9000"/"Innocent II", and was just over six minutes longer.

neg: Bassline (Chris Brown song) "Bassline" is a song by American recording artist Chris Brown, taken from his fifth studio album "Fortune" (2012). It was written by Andrea Simms, Andrew "Pop" Wansel, Brown, David Johnson, Robert Calloway, Ronald "Flippa" Colson and Warren "Oak" Felder. The song was produced by Pop Wansel and Dayvi Jae. Musically, "Bassline" is a dubstep, electropop and electrohop song, which incorporates elements of reggae. Instrumentation is provided by a wobble bass and synthesizers. The song contains lyrics about Brown telling a woman to leave the nightclub with him. "Bassline" garnered mixed reviews from music critics; some reviewers noted it as one of the standout tracks on the album, while others criticized the song's production and lyrics. It also received comparisons to the songs by Kesha and LMFAO. Upon the release of "Fortune", "Bassline" debuted at numbers 28 and 122 on the UK R&B Chart and UK Singles Chart, respectively.

neg: Eric D. Johnson Eric Donald Johnson (born June 7, 1976) is an American singer-songwriter, composer and multi-instrumentalist. He is best known as the leader of the influential folk-rock band Fruit Bats, and for his frequent collaborations with bands such as The Shins, Vetiver and Califone. He has also scored films, most notably Our Idiot Brother and Smashed. In 2014 it was announced he would begin a new solo recording project called EDJ.

neg: Bobby Orlando Robert Philip Orlando (1958), also known as Bobby Orlando or just Bobby O, is an American record producer, dance music artist, musician, and songwriter.

neg: Scott Walker (singer) Scott Walker (born Noel Scott Engel; January 9, 1943) is an American-born British singer-songwriter, composer and record producer. He is noted for his distinctive baritone voice and for the unorthodox career path which has taken him from 1960s pop icon to 21st-century avant-garde musician.

neg: Eric Bellinger Eric Bellinger, Jr. (born March 28, 1986) is an American singer, songwriter, and record producer from Los Angeles.


query: Which writer is American, Michel Leiris or Gwendolyn Brooks?

pos: Michel Leiris Julien Michel Leiris (] ; April 20, 1901 in Paris – September 30, 1990 in Saint-Hilaire, Essonne) was a French surrealist writer and ethnographer.

pos: Gwendolyn Brooks Throughout her prolific writing career, Brooks received many more honors. She was appointed Poet Laureate of Illinois in 1968, a position held until her death, and what is now the Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress for the 1985–86 term. In 1976, she became the first African-American woman inducted into the American Academy of Arts and Letters.

neg: Gwen Davis Gwen Davis (born May 11, 1936) is an American novelist, playwright, screenwriter, songwriter, journalist and poet.

neg: Chelsea Quinn Yarbro Chelsea Quinn Yarbro (born September 15, 1942) is an American writer. She is known for her series of historical horror novels about the vampire Count Saint-Germain.

neg: George Brooks (jeweler) George Brooks (born 1925) was one of the first designers and fabricators of modernist and wearable art jewelry in Canada, and later relocated to Santa Barbara in California.

neg: Carol Weston Carol Weston (born September 11, 1956) is an American writer. The author of sixteen books, both fiction and non-fiction, she has been the "Dear Carol" advice columnist at Girls' Life since the magazine's first issue in 1994. Her newest book is Speed of Life, which received starred reviews in Kirkus, Publishers Weekly and School Library Journal and Booklist. The New York Times Book Review called it "perceptive, funny and moving."

neg: Gwendolyn Gwendolyn is a feminine given name, a variant spelling of "Gwendolen" (perhaps influenced by names such as "Carolyn", "Evelyn" and "Marilyn"). This has been the most popular spelling in the United States.

neg: Karl Markus Michel Karl Markus Michel (4 September 1929 in Hong Kong – 16 November 2000 in Berlin) was a German writer.

neg: Patricia Wells Patricia Wells (born 5 November 1946 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin) is a cookbook author and teacher who divides her time between Paris and Provence. Her book "Patricia Wells at Home in Provence" (1996) won the James Beard Award for Best International Cookbook. Wells is the only American and the only woman to be a restaurant critic for a major French publication, "L'Express" (1988–1991). She was also a restaurant critic for the "International Herald Tribune" from 1980 until 2007.

neg: Leila Schneps Leila Schneps (born December 22, 1961) is an American mathematician, living in France, employed by Centre national de la recherche scientifique, and based at the Institut de Mathématiques de Jussieu of Pierre and Marie Curie University, France, where she specializes in number theory. In addition to academic publication, she has edited several text books on aspects of mathematics, written a popular book and articles on the use and abuse of mathematics in criminal proceedings, and, under the pseudonym Catherine Shaw, written a series of mathematically themed murder mysteries.

neg: Pierre Joris Pierre Joris (born July 14, 1946) is a Luxembourg-American poet, translator, anthologist and essayist.

neg: Charlotte Gill Charlotte Gill is a Canadian fiction and non-fiction writer.

neg: Michel Reis Michel Reis is a Luxembourgian jazz pianist and composer who has performed internationally with a number of bands as well as solo.

neg: David Brooks (cultural commentator) David Brooks (born August 11, 1961) is a conservative American author as well as political and cultural commentator who writes for "The New York Times". He has worked as a film critic for "The Washington Times", a reporter and later op-ed editor for "The Wall Street Journal"; a senior editor at "The Weekly Standard" from its inception; a contributing editor at "Newsweek" and "The Atlantic Monthly"; and a commentator on NPR. He is currently a columnist for "The New York Times" and commentator on "PBS NewsHour".

neg: Golden Brooks Golden Ameda Brooks (born December 1, 1970) is an American actress. She began her career with starring role in the Showtime comedy series, "Linc's" (1998–2000), and later has appeared in films "Timecode" (2000) and "Impostor" (2001).

neg: Sophie Treadwell Sophie Anita Treadwell (October 3, 1885 – February 20, 1970), was a noteworthy American playwright and journalist of the first half of the 20th century. She is best known for her play "Machinal" which is often included in drama anthologies as an example of a expressionist or modernist play. Treadwell wrote dozens of plays, several novels, as well as serial stories and countless articles that appeared in newspapers. In addition to writing plays for the theatre, Treadwell also produced, directed and acted in some of her productions. The styles and subjects of Treadwell's writings are vast, but many present women's issues of her time, subjects of current media coverage, or aspects of Treadwell's Mexican heritage.

neg: Lilou Macé Lilou Macé (born August 20, 1977) is a French-American author, webTV host, video blogger, speaker and interviewer.

neg: Hadley Richardson Elizabeth Hadley Richardson (November 9, 1891 – January 22, 1979) was the first wife of American author Ernest Hemingway. The two married in 1921 after a courtship of less than a year, and moved to Paris within months of being married. In Paris, Hemingway pursued a writing career, and through him Hadley met other expatriate British and American writers.

neg: Jessie Lilley Jessie Lilley is an American writer, editor and small-press magazine publisher best known as the original publisher of "Scarlet Street" magazine. She is currently editor-in-chief of "Mondo Cult". magazine.

neg: Eugenia Collier Eugenia W. Collier (born 1928) is an African-American writer and critic best known for her 1969 short story "Marigolds", which won the Gwendolyn Brooks Prize for Fiction award. She was born in Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

neg: Stephanie Theobald Stephanie Theobald (born 29 August 1966) is a British novelist and journalist, author of "Biche" and three other novels. The Times described her as “One of London’s most celebrated literary lesbians.” She was dubbed a “notorious lesbian author” by the "Daily Mail" in 2007. In a "Varsity" 2011 interview with Theobald the paper described her as “No ordinary female writer.” She has been the subject of controversy – punk designer Vivienne Westwood is a vociferous anti-fan of Theobald’s work. At a London society party in 2009 she approached her to announce that she ‘hated’ Theobald’s novels adding that "A Partial Indulgence" was “Like vomit coming at you off the page.”

neg: Laurie Gwen Shapiro Laurie Gwen Shapiro is an American writer and filmmaker. She resides in New York City, where she was born and raised, and is a graduate of that city's renowned Stuyvesant High School. The 2001 documentary film "", which she co-produced and co-directed with her brother David, received numerous awards, including:


query: The Bushmaster M17S was manufactured by a company based in what state?

pos: Bushmaster M17S The Bushmaster M17S is a semi-automatic bullpup rifle that was manufactured by Bushmaster Firearms International from 1992 until 2005.

pos: Bushmaster Firearms International Bushmaster Firearms International, LLC, based in Madison, North Carolina, United States, is a manufacturer and distributor of firearms. The company's product line revolves around semi-automatic pistol and rifle variants of the M4 / AR-15 design.

neg: Mac Tools Mac Tools is an American company that manufactures and markets professional tools and related equipment. It is headquartered in Westerville, Ohio, USA. The Mac Tools line consists of over 8000 professional tools including screwdrivers, ratchets, wrenches, and assorted air tools. Mac Tools also produces its own line of tool storage and carts at its manufacturing plant located in Georgetown, Ohio. Mac Tools manufactured tools are produced in various Stanley Black & Decker facilities across the world. Mac Tools USA hardline tools are manufactured in their partner Proto Dallas plant. Their primary distribution center is located in Hilliard, Ohio, USA. Mac Tools business model is a franchise system with roughly 1500 distributors across the North America. Their primary competitors include Matco, Snap-On, and Cornwell Tools.

neg: EOTech EOTech is an American company that designs, manufactures, and markets electro-optic products and systems. The company is headquartered in Ann Arbor, Michigan. They produce holographic weapon sights for small arms that have been adopted by various military and law enforcement agencies as close quarters battle firearm sights.

neg: C-More Systems Vertu Corporation, d/b/a C-MORE Systems, is an American manufacturer of firearms and firearm accessories. Vertu was established in Manassas, Virginia in 1993 and the C-MORE Competition name was established in 1999. Its primary products are red dot sights, marketed as being for M1911 pistols, Glock pistols, and AR-15s. Its sights are also recommended by FN Herstal for the M249 SAW and M240 machine gun. The company also manufactures the M26 Modular Accessory Shotgun System for the United States armed forces.

neg: O'Neal Steel O'Neal Steel, Inc., based in Birmingham, Alabama, United States, is the nation's largest privately owned full-line metals service center. The company was established in 1921 by Kirkman O'Neal, and has evolved from a metal fabricator to a distributor of ferrous and non-ferrous metal products, as well as a source for metal processing and manufacturing of various complex components. Originally focused on serving customers in the Southeastern United States, the company has grown through both expansion and acquisition, and now has more than 80 facilities and offices in North America, Europe, and Asia.

neg: Kel-Tec Kel-Tec CNC Industries Inc. is an American developer and manufacturer of firearms. Founded in 1991 and based in Cocoa, Florida, the company has manufactured firearms since 1995, starting with semi-automatic pistols and expanding to rifles and then shotguns. Kel-Tec is a privately owned Florida corporation. George Kellgren is the owner and Chief Engineer. He is a Swedish designer who also designed many earlier Husqvarna, Swedish Interdynamics AB (in Sweden), Intratec and Grendel brand firearms. The company has been developing and manufacturing a wide variety of firearms, ranging from automatic handguns i.e. pistols to automatic rifles and shotguns.

neg: Foster-Miller Foster-Miller, Inc., is a United States based military robotics manufacturer, a division of the United Kingdom's Qinetiq North America. Its two best-known products are TALON robots and LAST Armor.

neg: Iowa Army Ammunition Plant The Iowa Army Ammunition Plant (IAAP), located in Des Moines County in southeastern Iowa, near the city of Burlington, manufactures and delivers large caliber items for the United States Department of Defense using modern production methods in support of worldwide operations. It is operated by American Ordnance, a subsidiary of Day & Zimmermann.

neg: MicroAge MicroAge (NASDAQ: MICA ) was an American technology sales and service company based in Tempe, Arizona founded in 1976 by Jeffrey D. McKeever and Alan P. Hald, originally as part of Paul Terrell's chain of dealerships and franchises under the brand "The Byte Shop".

neg: Moline Plow Company The Moline Plow Company was an American manufacturer of plows and other farm implements, headquartered in Moline, Illinois, USA.

neg: FMK Firearms FMK Firearms is an American manufacturer of firearms located in California. It was founded in 2006 by Jim Pontillo. They are known for producing the FMK 9C1, the FMK AR1 Patriot, and the FMK AR1 Extreme. The Patriot and Extreme are composite polymer AR15 lower receivers.

neg: PRS Guitars PRS Guitars (also known as Paul Reed Smith Guitars) is an American guitar manufacturer headquartered in Stevensville, Maryland, founded by luthier Paul Reed Smith in 1985.

neg: Paratrek Paratrek was an American aircraft manufacturer based in Auburn, California. The company specialized in the design and manufacture of powered parachutes in the form of kits for amateur construction.

neg: MasterCraft MasterCraft is a United States-based manufacturer of luxury high-performance boats that was founded in 1968 and is currently headquartered in Vonore, Tennessee. MasterCraft boats are the most popular and recognized brand for use in waterskiing, wakeboarding and wakesurfing, though the company has also produced several boats that are not focused on water sports.

neg: Platt-LePage Aircraft Company The Platt-LePage Aircraft Company was a manufacturer of aircraft for the armed forces of the United States of America. Based in Eddystone, Pennsylvania, the company produced the first helicopter to be officially acquired by the United States Army Air Forces.

neg: Trenton Technology Trenton Technology is an American-based electronics designer and manufacturer of single-board computers, backplanes, and motherboards. Companion company, Trenton Systems, is an integrator of Trenton Technology products for rackmount computers. The private company is headquartered in Gainesville, Georgia and operates a PCB manufacturing facility in Utica, New York. The Gainesville office is base for its design, customer support, and US sales operations. International sales are conducted through partners in China, Australia, Japan, South Korea, United Kingdom, Italy, France and Israel.

neg: Gyro-Kopp-Ters Gyro-Kopp-Ters is an American aircraft manufacturer based in Lake City, Florida and founded by brothers Bob and Arden Kopp. The company specializes in the design and manufacture of autogyros in the form of kits for amateur construction.

neg: Vinnell The Vinnell Corporation is an international private military company based in Herndon, Virginia, United States, specializing in military training, logistics, and support in the form of weapon systems maintenance and management consultancy. Vinnell Corporation is a subsidiary of Northrop Grumman Corporation. They are also party to other joint-venture companies, e.g. Vinnell-Brown & Root (VBR). The Vinnell Corporation was mentioned in "Fahrenheit 9/11" for its connections to the Carlyle Group, George W. Bush, and the Saudi Royal family.

neg: Dow Corning Dow Corning is an American multinational corporation headquartered in Midland, Michigan, United States. Originally established as a joint venture between the Dow Chemical Company and Corning Incorporated, it is now owned by DowDuPont and specializes in silicone and silicon-based technology, and is the largest silicone product producer in the world.

neg: Lindsay Manufacturing Lindsay Corporation (), formerly known as Lindsay Manufacturing Co., is a manufacturer of "Zimmatic" brand center pivot irrigation systems, based in the U.S. state of Nebraska. It also manufactures farm and construction machinery, as well as road and railroad infrastructure equipment. The company states that it has a market capitalization of $547,584,000. At August 31, 2008, the company had 1,239 employees.

neg: United States Cartridge Company The United States Cartridge Company was an early manufacturer of cartridge ammunition for small arms. The company was founded in 1869 by American Civil War general Benjamin Butler. Company startup was during the most rapid evolution of cartridge design to date. Lowell, Massachusetts emerged as one of the most successful cartridge producers in the United States while Butler served as a congressman from Massachusetts from 1867 to 1879 and as governor from 1883 to 1884. After supplying 65 percent of American small arms ammunition production for World War I, the company was acquired by the owner of Winchester Repeating Arms; and the Lowell factory closed as manufacturing shifted to New Haven, Connecticut.


query: Who, Philippe de Broca or Tina Takemoto, is an American artist and associate professor of visual studies at California College of the Arts in San Francisco?

pos: Philippe de Broca Philippe de Broca (] ; 15 March 1933 – 26 November 2004) was a French movie director.

pos: Tina Takemoto Tina Takemoto is an American artist and associate professor of visual studies at California College of the Arts in San Francisco. Takemoto's work explores issues of race and queer identity. She has presented work internationally, and received numerous grants for her work, notably from ART Matters, the James Irvine Foundation and the San Francisco Arts Commission. Her film "Looking for Jiro" received Best Experimental Film Jury Award at the Austin LGBT International Film Festival, and opened MIX 24: New York’s Queer Experimental Film Festival.

neg: Tobi Wong Donald Tobias Wong (June 10, 1974 – May 30, 2010) was a Canadian-born designer and artist. His work was heavily influenced by subversive art movements including Dada and Fluxus, and, having received numerous cease and desist orders, Wong become known for appropriating work by others. He used the term "paraconceptual" to describe his art.

neg: Allan Sekula Allan Sekula (January 15, 1951 – August 10, 2013) was an American photographer, writer, filmmaker, theorist and critic. From 1985 until his death in 2013, he taught at California Institute of the Arts. His work frequently focused on large economic systems, or "the imaginary and material geographies of the advanced capitalist world."

neg: Nathaniel Taylor (artist) Nathaniel Taylor (born August 19, 1969 in Boston, Massachusetts) is a sculptor and professional fabricator. He was a host on the Discovery Channel's "Smash Lab". He graduated from the Northwest School of Woodenboat Building, Port Townsend, Washington, and the California College of the Arts (formerly California College of Arts and Crafts). Taylor has taught at The Crucible (arts education center), the University of California, Berkeley and the California College of the Arts, teaching classes in kinetic art, and new media. Also a lead artist on the Raygun Gothic Rocket,

neg: Nicole Eisenman Nicole Eisenman (born 1965) is an American artist who is known primarily for her paintings. Eisenman was a professor at Bard College in Annandale-on-Hudson from 2003 to 2009. She has been awarded the Guggenheim fellowship (1996), the Carnegie Prize (2013), and has twice been included in the Whitney Biennial (1995, 2012). On September 29, 2015, she won the MacArthur "Genius Grant" award for "restoring the representation of the human form a cultural significance that had waned during the ascendancy of abstraction in the 20th century”. Eisenman currently lives and works in Brooklyn.

neg: José Esteban Muñoz José Esteban Muñoz (August 9, 1967 – December 3, 2013) was an American academic in the fields of performance studies, visual culture, queer theory, cultural studies, and critical theory. His first book, "Disidentifications: Queers of Color and the Performance of Politics" (1999) examines the performance, activism, and survival of queer people of color through the optics of performance studies. His second book, "Cruising Utopia: the Then and There of Queer Futurity", was published by NYU Press in 2009. Muñoz was Professor in, and former Chair of, the Department of Performance Studies at New York University's Tisch School of the Arts. Muñoz was the recipient of the Duke Endowment Fellowship (1989) and the Penn State University Fellowship (1997). He was also affiliated with the Modern Language Association, American Studies Association, and the College Art Association.

neg: David Salle David Salle (born 1952) is an American painter, printmaker, and stage designer who helped define postmodern sensibility. Salle was born in Norman, Oklahoma. He earned a BFA and MFA from the California Institute of the Arts, Valencia, California where he studied with John Baldessari. Salle’s work first came to public attention in New York in the early 1980s.

neg: Barbara Haskell Barbara Haskell (born 1946 in San Diego, California) is an American art historian and a museum curator. She is currently a curator at the Whitney Museum of American Art, where she has worked since 1975. She has previously worked at the San Francisco Museum of Art and Pasadena Museum. She has a BA (1969) from the University of California, Los Angeles.

neg: David Simpson (artist) David Simpson (born 1928) is an American abstract painter who lives and works in Berkeley, California. In 1956 Simpson graduated from the California School of Fine Arts (now the San Francisco Art Institute) with a BFA; and in 1958 he earned an MFA, from the San Francisco State College. Since 1958 Simpson has had more than 70 solo exhibitions of his paintings in galleries and museums worldwide. His paintings have been included in hundreds of group exhibitions throughout the United States and Europe. During the early 1960s Simpson was included in two seminal group exhibitions: "Americans 1963" at the Museum of Modern Art in New York curated by Dorothy Canning Miller and Post-Painterly Abstraction curated by Clement Greenberg in 1964; that traveled to the Los Angeles County Museum of Art the Walker Art Center and the Art Gallery of Toronto.

neg: Barbara Knowles Debs Barbara Knowles Debs, Ph.D. (born in 1931) is an American art historian who was the president of Manhattanville College from 1975 to 1985. She was the president of the New-York Historical Society from 1989 to 1992. She serves on the board of directors of the Brooklyn Museum of Art, the Foreign Policy Association and the Geraldine Rockefeller Dodge Foundation.

neg: Marsha Steinberg Marsha Steinberg (born 1946, Los Angeles, California, United States) is a Florentine artist, whose works include drawings, etchings and paintings. She is Coordinator of the Studio Art Program at the California State University Program, Florence and is professor of painting at the Italian International Institute, Lorenzo de’Medici in Florence, Italy.

neg: Mitsuhiro Takemura Mitsuhiro Takemura (武邑 光裕 , born 1954-10-25 in Tokyo) is a Japanese scholar specializing in the study of media design, professor at Sapporo City University.

neg: Constance DeJong (visual artist) Constance DeJong (born 1950) is a visual artist who works in the margin between sculpture and painting/drawing. Her predominate medium is metal with light as a dominate factor. She is currently working in New Mexico and is a Professor of Sculpture at the University of New Mexico. DeJong received a National Endowment for the Arts Visual Art Fellowship in 1982. In 2003, she had a retrospective at the Albuquerque Museum of Art and History. That same year, Constance DeJong: Metal was published and released by University of New Mexico Press. Her work has been described by American art critic Dave Hickey as "work worth seeing and thinking about under any circumstances".

neg: Lecia Dole-Recio Lecia Dole-Recio (born 1971, San Francisco, CA) is an American artist based in Los Angeles, California. Dole-Recio received a Bachelor of Fine Arts at Rhode Island School of Design (1994) and a Master of Fine Arts at Art Center College of Design, Pasadena (2011). Dole-Recio's work incorporates abstract painting into layered collage pieces, utilizing paper and cardboard cut-outs. She is currently an art program faculty member at CalArts.

neg: Margo Machida Margo Machida is an art historian, curator, cultural critic and artist. She is Professor of Art History and Asian and Asian American Studies at the University of Connecticut, Storrs. Her book, "Unsettled Visions: Contemporary Asian American Artists and the Social Imaginary", (Duke University Press, 2009) was awarded the Cultural Studies Book Award from the Association for Asian American Studies in 2011. In 2003 she co-edited the book, "Fresh Talk/Daring Gazes: Conversations on Asian American Art", published by the University of California Press. She was a co-founder of Godzilla, an arts advocacy organization for Asian American artists. Machida curated the exhibition, "Icons of Presence: Asian American Activist Art" presented at the Chinese Cultural Center in San Francisco, California. She received her PhD in American Studies from the State University of New York, Buffalo.

neg: Wendy Brown (political theorist) Wendy L. Brown (born November 28, 1955) is an American political theorist. She is Class of 1936 First Professor of Political Science and a core faculty member in The Program for Critical Theory at the University of California, Berkeley.

neg: James D. Herbert James D. Herbert, born June 1959, is a professor in the Art History department at the University of California Irvine. After receiving his Ph.D. from Yale University, he became a part of the staff at Yale before moving on to the University of Southern California and finally to the University of California Irvine. He originally studied French paintings ranging from the late 19th century to early 20th century, but has widened his topics of interest to include other European Art. Besides studying painting, he also studies architecture, sculpture, gardens, and musicology. He describes his approach to art as one that "has ranged from the social history of depicted motifs, to the close semiotic analysis of pictorial details, to the comparative study of art and non-art objects in the manner of visual studies."

neg: Patricia Olson Patricia Olson (born 1951) is an American graphic designer, painter, feminist artist, and educator whose works are categorized as figurative art. Olson was born and raised in Minneapolis, Minnesota. She earned her B.A. in studio art from Macalester College in 1973, and her M.F.A. in Visual Studies from the Minneapolis College of Art and Design in 1998. Olson's work has been on exhibition continuously throughout the United States since 1973, sometimes in group exhibitions, and sometimes in solo exhibitions. She has works that are part of permanent collections throughout the United States as well.

neg: Louis Hock Louis Hock (born 1948) is an American artist and independent filmmaker who works in film, video, installation and interventions in public space. His work has been exhibited both internationally and nationally including most notably at the Whitney Museum of American Art, the Museum of Modern Art in New York, the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, the San Francisco Museum of Art, and the Getty Museum in Los Angeles as part of . Several of his films are in the collection of Video Data Bank. Louis Hock currently holds the title of Professor Emeritus at University of California - San Diego. He has additionally collaborated on several public art projects with Elizabeth Sisco and David Avalos.

neg: Ray Turner (artist) Ray Turner (born in 1958), is an American artist known primarily for his portrait and landscape paintings. Turner lives and works in Pasadena, California. He received his BFA from Art Center College of Design in 1985 where he subsequently taught for 13 years as a professor of painting and drawing. Turner is represented by Rivera & Rivera in Los Angeles and by Toomey Tourell Fine Art in San Francisco.

neg: Sandra de la Loza Sandra de la Loza (born 1968) is an American artist living and working in Los Angeles. She is the founder and only official member of the Pocho Research Society of Erased and Invisible History (2001), a collaborative project working with artists, activist, and historians to investigate place and memory through public interventions.


query: What character in "Guardians of the Galaxy" did the actress that joined Anthony Hopkins in the cast of "Transformers: The Last Knight" play?

pos: Transformers: The Last Knight Transformers: The Last Knight is a 2017 American science fiction action film based on the "Transformers" toy line created by Hasbro. It is the fifth installment of the live-action "Transformers" film series, the second film in the sequel trilogy and the sequel to 2014's "". Like its predecessors, the film is directed by Michael Bay, featuring Mark Wahlberg returning from "Age of Extinction", with Josh Duhamel, John Turturro, and Glenn Morshower all reprising their roles from the first , with Laura Haddock and Anthony Hopkins both joining the cast. Bay and Wahlberg have stated they will not return for another sequel.

pos: Laura Haddock Laura Jane Haddock (born 21 August 1985) is an English actress. She is best known for portraying Kacie Carter in "Honest", Lucrezia in "Da Vinci's Demons", Meredith Quill in "Guardians of the Galaxy" and its sequel "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2", Alison in "The Inbetweeners Movie" and Viviane Wembly in "".

neg: Monica Potter Monica Potter (born Monica Gregg Brokaw; June 30, 1971) is an American actress. She is known for her starring roles in the films "Con Air" (1997) and "Patch Adams" (1998). She also appeared in the horror films "Saw" (2004) and the 2009 remake of "The Last House on the Left".

neg: Serenity (upcoming film) Serenity is an upcoming American noir thriller-drama film directed and written by Steven Knight. The film stars Matthew McConaughey, Anne Hathaway, Diane Lane, Jason Clarke, Djimon Hounsou, and Jeremy Strong.

neg: Sophie Vavasseur Sophie Vavasseur (born 10 May 1992) is an Irish actress best known for her award-nominated role as Evelyn Doyle in the Irish film "Evelyn".

neg: Ann Robinson Ann Robinson (born May 25, 1929) is an American actress and stunt horse rider, perhaps best known for her work in the science-fiction classic "The War of the Worlds" and in the 1954 film "Dragnet", in which she starred as a Los Angeles police officer opposite Jack Webb and Ben Alexander.

neg: Paul Warren (actor) Paul Warren (born October 28, 1974) is a British actor known for roles in the science fiction, fantasy, and horror genres, often wearing heavy prosthetic makeup and/or creature suits. He is most known for playing 'Varmik' one of the Hassk triplets in , but has also appeared in such films as Guardians of the Galaxy, , World War Z and Clash of the Titans.

neg: Andrea Riseborough Andrea Louise Riseborough (born 20 November 1981) is an English stage and film actress. Her film appearances include "Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance)", "Oblivion", "Welcome to the Punch", "Disconnect", "Shadow Dancer", "W.E.", "Brighton Rock", "Made in Dagenham", "Never Let Me Go", "Happy-Go-Lucky", and "Venus".

neg: Margot Knight Margot Knight is an Australian actress, best known for playing two roles in two highly popular television serials. In "Prisoner", she played inmate Sharon Gilmour in 1980 and junior prison officer Terri Malone in 1985. In "Neighbours", she played Jean Richards in 1986 and Tracey Cox in 1997. Her "Prisoner" appearances are notable because in addition to being one of the few cast members to play both a prisoner and a prison warder in the series, both of her roles were as the lesbian love interest to the show's main lesbian character at the time. Sharon Gilmour was the scheming girlfriend of long-term inmate Judy Bryant (Judy's long stay in prison actually began because she deliberately had herself imprisoned to be with Sharon), and Terri Malone was a young prison officer who moved in with warder Joan Ferguson.

neg: Man of Steel (film) Man of Steel is a 2013 superhero film featuring the DC Comics character Superman. It is a British-American venture produced by Legendary Pictures, DC Entertainment, Syncopy Inc., and Cruel and Unusual Films, and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. It is the first installment in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU). The film is directed by Zack Snyder, written by David S. Goyer, and stars Henry Cavill, Amy Adams, Michael Shannon, Kevin Costner, Diane Lane, Laurence Fishburne, Antje Traue, Ayelet Zurer, Christopher Meloni, and Russell Crowe. "Man of Steel" is a reboot of the "Superman" film series that retells the character's origin story. In the film, Clark Kent learns that he is a superpowered alien from the planet Krypton and assumes the role of mankind's protector as Superman, but finds himself having to prevent General Zod from destroying humanity.

neg: Rachael Taylor Rachael May Taylor (born 11 July 1984) is an Australian actress and model. Her first leading role was in the Australian series "headLand" (2005–2006). She then made the transition to Hollywood, appearing in films including "Man-Thing" (2005), "See No Evil" (2006), "Transformers" (2007), "Bottle Shock" (2008), "Cedar Boys" (2009), "Splinterheads" (2009), "Shutter" (2008), "Red Dog" (2011) and "Any Questions for Ben?" (2012).

neg: David Kaye David V. Hope (born October 14, 1964), better known by his stage name, David Kaye, is a Canadian voice actor. He is best known for his roles in animation, including Megatron in five of the "Transformers" series ("", "", "", "", and ""), Optimus Prime in "", Professor X and Apocalypse in "X-Men Evolution", Cronus in "Class of the Titans", Khyber and Shocksquatch in "", several characters in "Avengers Assemble", Reginald and various other characters in "Regular Show". He is also well known for his work on English versions of anime, his notable roles being Sesshomaru in "InuYasha" and Treize Khushrenada in "Mobile Suit Gundam Wing". He provides the voice of Clank in the "Ratchet & Clank" video game franchise and the feature film. His voice is featured in the Academy Award-winning Disney/Pixar movie "Up" and he is also the in-show announcer for "Last Week Tonight with John Oliver" on HBO.

neg: Brittany Byrnes Brittany Byrnes (born 31 July 1987) is an Australian actress. Her most notable acting role has been Natasha Green in the 2005 TV film "Little Oberon".

neg: Rey (Star Wars) Rey is a fictional character in the "Star Wars" franchise, portrayed by English actress Daisy Ridley. First appearing as the main character in "", Rey is a scavenger who was left behind on the planet Jakku when she was a child, and later becomes involved with the Resistance's conflict with the First Order when her solitary life is interrupted by BB-8, the droid of ace Resistance pilot Poe Dameron, and a runaway Stormtrooper named Finn.

neg: Joanna Cassidy Joanna Cassidy (born August 2, 1945) is an American actress. She is best known for her roles as the replicant Zhora Salome in Ridley Scott's film "Blade Runner" (1982) and Dolores in "Who Framed Roger Rabbit" (1988). She has won a Golden Globe Award, was nominated for three Emmy Awards and also was nominated for a Saturn Award and Screen Actors Guild Awards.

neg: Garrick Hagon Garrick Hagon (born 27 September 1939) is a British-born, Canadian film, stage, television and radio actor best known for his role as Biggs Darklighter in "Star Wars: A New Hope". His many films include "Batman", "Spy Game", "Me and Orson Welles" and "The Message". He was the rebel leader Ky in "Doctor Who: The Mutants" and played Simon Gerrard, Debbie Aldridge's husband in BBC’s "The Archers".

neg: The Last Starfighter (musical) The Last Starfighter: The Musical is a musical adaptation of the 1984 science fiction film "The Last Starfighter". It was first presented at the Storm Theatre in New York City in October 2004. A staged reading which involved moderate revisions of music, lyrics, and book was presented at the 2006 New York Musical Theatre Festival, starring Brian Earp (Alex) and Jessica Skerritt (Maggie).

neg: Marissa Faireborn Marissa Faireborn "(occasionally misspelled "Fairborne")" is a fictional character from the Transformers series. A human female, she holds the rank of captain in the Earth Defense Command, a military organization helping the Autobots fight against the evil Decepticons. In some interpretations, she is depicted as an unlikely love interest for Autobots such as Jazz (G.I. Joe/Transformers), and, more prolifically, Optimus Prime (Kiss Players).

neg: Rena Owen Rena Owen (born 22 July 1962) is a New Zealand actress in theatre, television and film. Owen is best known for her leading role as Beth Heke in Lee Tamahori's "Once Were Warriors" and as Taun We in George Lucas's " Star Wars: Episode II Attack of the Clones".

neg: Wonder Woman (2017 film) Wonder Woman is a 2017 American superhero film based on the DC Comics character of the same name, distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. It is the fourth installment in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU). The film is directed by Patty Jenkins, with a screenplay by Allan Heinberg, from a story by Heinberg, Zack Snyder, and Jason Fuchs, and stars Gal Gadot, Chris Pine, Robin Wright, Danny Huston, David Thewlis, Connie Nielsen, and Elena Anaya. "Wonder Woman" is the second live action theatrical film featuring the titular character, following her debut in 2016's "". Jenkins's role as director makes her the first female director of a studio superhero comic book live-action theatrical release film. The film tells the story of Princess Diana, who grows up on the Amazon island of Themyscira. After American pilot Steve Trevor crashes offshore of the island and is rescued by her, he tells the Amazons about the ongoing World War. Diana then leaves her home in order to end the conflict, becoming Wonder Woman in the process.

neg: Taaffe O'Connell Taaffe O'Connell (born May 14, 1951) is an American actress and publisher, best known by her fans for her performance in cult-classic sci-fi horror film "Galaxy of Terror". Her acting career began in the late 1970s and continued uninterrupted through the 1980s. Her career has seen a rebirth after 2000 and has continued to the present day.

neg: Cameron (Terminator) Cameron is a fictional character on the Fox television series "" which is a spin-off of the "Terminator" film franchise. Cameron first appeared in the series' as an unknown model of Terminator—a fictional type of android envisioned as a soldier and assassin. Cameron is portrayed by actress Summer Glau who, in 2008, won a Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress on Television for her performance.


query: Dhyan Sreenivasan made his debut in a film directed by his brother who is best know for his work in what?

pos: Dhyan Sreenivasan Dhyan Sreenivasan is an Indian film actor known for his Malayalam films. He made his debut in 2013 with "Thira", directed by his elder brother Vineeth Sreenivasan.

pos: Vineeth Sreenivasan Vineeth Sreenivasan (born 1 October 1985) is an Indian playback singer, lyricist, film actor, director, producer and screenwriter best known for his work in Malayalam cinema.

neg: Shivaram S. Shivaram (born 1938), popularly known simply as Shivaram or Shivaramanna, is an Indian actor, producer and director whose Kannada cinema career has spanned six decades. He has played roles including lead hero performances, character roles, comedic roles, as well as supporting parts. He teamed up with his elder brother, S. Ramanathan and produced several films under the name Rashi Brothers apart from directing "Hrudaya Sangama" in 1972. The brothers together produced few Bollywood films as well. As an actor, Shivaram has the distinction of working with many stalwart directors out of which his association with Puttanna Kanagal is much remembered.

neg: Sraadham Sraadham is a 1994 Indian Malayalam film directed by V Rajakrishnan, starring Charuhasan and Karamana Janardhanan Nair.

neg: Aanandam Aanandam (English: "Joy") is a 2016 Indian Malayalam romantic comedy film written and directed by Ganesh Raj in his directorial debut. Vineeth Sreenivasan produced the film under the banner of Habit Of Life with Vinod Shornur under Cast N Crew. Aanandam follows the life of 7 second year engineering students as they embark on their very first college tour.

neg: Chezhiyan Chezhiyan is an Indian cinematographer who works primarily in the Tamil film industry. After completing his Civil Engineering degree, he started his career as an apprentice to P. C. Sreeram before establishing himself as a cinematographer. He was born in South Tamil Nadu at Sivaganga. Making his cinematic debut as a full-fledged cinematographer through "Kalloori", Chezhiyan's camera-work in Bala's "Paradesi" (2013) won the "Best cinematography" award at the 2013 BFI London Film Festival Awards.

neg: Yaanum Theeyavan Yaanum Theeyavan (English: "I am Bad too " ) is an upcoming Indian Tamil action crime thriller film written and directed by debut director Prashanth G Sekar. The film is based on a number of true events collectively. Prashanth G Sekar is a former assistant director of Director Hari in Singam II and Director Vignesh Shivan in the film Podaa Podi. The casting of the movie includes Ashwin Jerome who is a trained actor, Varsha and Raju Sundaram in primary roles. The Cinematography of the movie is done by Shreyaas Krishna who also did it for Jil Jung Juk. Music is taken care of by the ace music director Achu Rajamani. This movie is touted to be an Action Thriller and is expected to hit the screens by June 2017.

neg: Dileesh Pothan Dileesh Pothan is an Indian film director and actor known for his Malayalam films.

neg: Harikrishnan Harikrishnan S is a Malayalam film actor. He made his debut in 2010 in the Malayalam film "Malarvadi Arts Club" under Vineeth Sreenivasan, which was a super hit and since then he is active in the Malayalam film industry. He is well known for his performance in "Chattakkari", "Ohm Shanthi Oshaana", "Monayi Angane Aanayi" and "Aadu".

neg: Annayya (2000 film) Annayya (English: Elder Brother ) is a Tollywood film which released on 7 January 2000 and was directed by Muthyala Subbaiah. This film stars Chiranjeevi, Ravi Teja, Soundarya, Sarath Babu and Kota Srinivasa Rao. The music was composed by Mani Sharma. While Bhupati Raja provided story, writer Satyanand penned the dialogues.

neg: Yash Chopra Yash Raj Chopra (27 September 1932 – 21 October 2012) was an Indian film director and film producer, predominantly working in Hindi cinema. Yash Chopra began his career as an assistant director to I. S. Johar and elder brother, B.R. Chopra. He made his directorial debut with "Dhool Ka Phool" in 1959, a melodrama about illegitimacy, and followed it with the social drama "Dharmputra" (1961).

neg: Ayanum Ayanum is a 1985 Indian Malayalam film, directed by Harikumar and produced by Sivan Kunnampilly. The film stars Madhu, Srividya, Mammootty and Innocent in lead roles. The film had musical score by MB Sreenivasan.

neg: Uppukandam Brothers Uppukandam Brothers is a 1993 Malayalam film directed by Suresh Babu. The film features Captain Raju, Mohanraj, Babu Antony, Jagadish, Baiju, Geetha, Maathu, Siddique, Rajan P. Dev, Prathapachandran, and Jagathy Sreekumar and in the lead roles. It was produced and distributed by Maruthi Pictures.

neg: Jaan Se Pyaara Jaan Se Pyaara is a 1992 Bollywood family film directed by Anand and starring Govinda in a dual role as Police Inspector Jai and his mentally challenged twin brother Sunder. Divya Bharti, Aruna Irani, Kiran Kumar and Raza Murad also appear in supporting roles. The film is an unofficial remake of the Jackie Chan and Sammo Hung starrer "Heart of Dragon" (1985) and its inspired version, the 1990 Kannada movie "Shivashankar".

neg: Goli Soda Goli Soda (English: "Banta" ) is a 2014 Indian Tamil-language drama film written, cinematography and directed by S.D. Vijay Milton. Produced by his brother Bharath Seeni under Roughnote Production, the film features Kishore, Sree Raam, Pandi and Murugesh of "Pasanga" fame. The film was distributed by N. Lingusamy's Thirrupathi Brothers and released on 24 January 2014 to critical acclaim. The film narrates the story of four boys who work and live together in a market. The film was remade in Kannada with same name.

neg: Navketan Films Navketan Films is a film production house based in Mumbai, India. Started in 1949 by actor-director and producer Dev Anand and his elder brother Chetan Anand, whose debut film, "Neecha Nagar", received the Palme d'Or (Best Film) award, at the first ever Cannes Film Festival in 1946. Younger brother Vijay Anand, also directed numerous films for the company, like "Guide" (1965), "Jewel Thief" (1967) and "Johny Mera Naam" (1970). Chetan and Vijay parted ways with company later and today Dev's son Suneil Anand is currently heading the production house.

neg: Abbas–Mustan Abbas and Mustan Burmawalla are brothers known for directing stylish Bollywood films. They have frequently cast Akshay Kumar, Bobby Deol, Akshaye Khanna, Bipasha Basu, Shahrukh Khan and Kareena Kapoor in their work. They have recently launched Abbas's son Mustafa in the film Machine, a musical sports love story with Kiara Advaniwhich sadly has been a failure in the box office with only 2.7/10. The duo directed landmark Bollywood films like "Khiladi", "Baazigar", "Soldier", "Ajnabee", "Baadshah", "Aitraaz", "Humraaz", "36 China Town", "Race", "Race 2" and comedian Kapil Sharma's debut movie "Kis Kisko Pyaar Karoon". They have prominently worked with the production house Venus Worldwide Entertainment, all of which were blockbusters.

neg: Thangaikku Oru Thalattu Thangaikku Oru Thalattu (English: A Lullaby To Sister ) is a 1990 Tamil language drama film directed by K. S. Madhangan. The film features Arjun Sarja and Seetha in lead roles. The film, produced by P. Ramakrishnan, had musical score by Sankar Ganesh and was released on 23 November 1990.

neg: Dhruva Sarja Dhruva Sarja (Kannada: ಧ್ರುವ ಸರ್ಜಾ ; born 6 October 1988) is an Indian film actor working in Kannada film industry. He made his acting debut in the 2012 film "Addhuri" which brought him much appreciation and popularity. He is the brother of actor Chiranjeevi Sarja and nephew of actor and director Arjun Sarja.

neg: Prayanam (1975 film) Prayanam (English: "The Voyage" ) is a 1975 Malayalam language feature film written by Padmarajan and directed by Bharathan. It was the debut of both Padmarajan and Bharathan. The writer-director duo is often credited for revolutionising Malayalam cinema with their expressive and innovative works.

neg: Saranya Bhagyaraj Saranya Bhagyaraj is an Indian film actress who appeared in Tamil and Malayalam films. She is the daughter of actor K. Bhagyaraj and actress Poornima Jayaram and is best known for her role in "Parijatham". Her brother is notable actor Shanthnu Bhagyaraj.

neg: Achaneyanenikkishtam Achaneyanenikkishtam (English: "Dad is My Favourite" ) is a 2001 Indian Malayalam language drama film directed by Suresh Krishna. M. G. Radhakrishnan won the Kerala State Film Award for Best Music Director for his work on this film.


query: Which person, Chuck Essegian or Haig Patigian, played in Major League Baseball (MLB) the Philadelphia Phillies, St. Louis Cardinals, Los Angeles Dodgers, Baltimore Orioles, Kansas City Athletics, and Cleveland Indians?

pos: Chuck Essegian Charles Abraham "Chuck" Essegian (born August 9, 1931) is an American former professional baseball left fielder. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) the Philadelphia Phillies, St. Louis Cardinals, Los Angeles Dodgers, Baltimore Orioles, Kansas City Athletics, and Cleveland Indians. He also played one season in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) for the Kintetsu Buffaloes.

pos: Haig Patigian Haig Patigian (Armenian: Հայկ Բադիկեան ; January 22, 1876 – September 19, 1950), was an Armenian-American sculptor

neg: Don Ferrarese Donald Hugh "Midget" Ferrarese (born June 19, 1929 in Oakland, California) is a former Major League Baseball pitcher who played from 1955 to 1962 with the Baltimore Orioles, Cleveland Indians, Chicago White Sox, Philadelphia Phillies and St. Louis Cardinals. A left-handed thrower, he batted right-handed. An attendant of St. Mary's College of California, he was fairly small at 5 ft , 170 lb . He apparently got his nickname from his small size.

neg: Charlie Emig Charles Henry Emig (April 5, 1875 – October 2, 1975) was a Major League Baseball pitcher. He played in one game for the Louisville Colonels of the National League in 1896. Emig is currently accepted to be the last surviving 19th century major league player; it took baseball researchers two decades after his death to realize that he, not Ralph Miller as previously thought, held that distinction.

neg: Dickie Thon Richard William "Dickie" Thon (born June 20, 1958) is an American former professional baseball shortstop, who played for the California Angels, Houston Astros, San Diego Padres, Philadelphia Phillies, Texas Rangers, and Milwaukee Brewers during his 15-year Major League Baseball (MLB) career.

neg: Harvey Kuenn Harvey Edward Kuenn (December 4, 1930 – February 28, 1988) was an American player, coach, and manager in Major League Baseball. As a shortstop and outfielder, he played with the Detroit Tigers (1952–59), Cleveland Indians (1960), San Francisco Giants (1961–65), Chicago Cubs (1965–66), and Philadelphia Phillies (1966). He batted and threw right-handed. After retiring, Kuenn managed the Milwaukee Brewers (1975, 1982–83).

neg: Steve Bedrosian Stephen Wayne Bedrosian (born December 6, 1957) is an American former Major League Baseball player of Armenian descent. Nicknamed "Bedrock", he played from 1981 to 1995 with the Atlanta Braves, Philadelphia Phillies, San Francisco Giants, and Minnesota Twins. Bedrosian won the 1987 National League Cy Young Award.

neg: Jim Hegan James Edward Hegan (August 3, 1920 – June 17, 1984) was an American professional baseball player, coach and scout. He played for seventeen seasons as a catcher in Major League Baseball from 1941 to 1942 and from 1946 to 1960 , most notably for the Cleveland Indians. After his playing career was over, he became a coach and scout in a baseball career that spanned almost 40 years. While he was light-hitting as an offensive player, he was notable for being one of the best defensive catchers of his era and a capable handler of pitching staffs.

neg: Von Hayes Von Francis Hayes (born August 31, 1958 in Stockton, California), was a Major League Baseball player from 1981 to 1992 for the Cleveland Indians, Philadelphia Phillies, and California Angels. Hayes was originally acquired by the Phillies in a "five-for-one" trade with the Indians in exchange for Manny Trillo, George Vukovich, Jay Baller, Jerry Willard, and Julio Franco.

neg: Carlos Crawford Carlos Lamonte Crawford (born October 4, 1971) is a former Major League Baseball pitcher. He played in one game at the major league level for the Philadelphia Phillies in . He was drafted by the Cleveland Indians in the 51st round of the 1990 amateur draft. Crawford played his first professional season with their Rookie league Burlington Indians in , and his last with the Pittsburgh Pirates' Rookie league Gulf Coast Pirates, Double-A Carolina Mudcats, and Triple-A Nashville Sounds in .

neg: Elmer Jacobs William Elmer Jacobs (August 10, 1892 – February 10, 1958) was a pitcher in Major League Baseball from 1914 to 1927. He played for the Philadelphia Phillies, Pittsburgh Pirates, St. Louis Cardinals, Chicago Cubs, and Chicago White Sox. Jacobs' key pitch was the curveball. In 1926, he was suspended for 10 days after being caught with foreign substances on the mound.

neg: Chuck Kress Charles Steven "Chuck" Kress (December 9, 1921 – March 4, 2014) was an American professional baseball first baseman. He played seven seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1947 to 1954 for the Cincinnati Reds, Chicago White Sox, Detroit Tigers, and Brooklyn Dodgers. He served in the U.S. Army for three years during World War II (1943–1945).

neg: Don Shaw (baseball) Donald Wellington Shaw (born February 23, 1944 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) is a former Major League Baseball pitcher. He pitched all or part of five seasons in the majors, between and , for the New York Mets, Montreal Expos, St. Louis Cardinals and Oakland Athletics.

neg: Dick Tomanek Richard Carl Tomanek (born January 6, 1931) is an American former professional baseball player, a pitcher who played for five seasons in Major League Baseball. He played for the Cleveland Indians from 1953 to 1954 and 1957 to 1958 and the Kansas City Athletics from 1958 to 1959. Nicknamed "Bones", he stood 6 ft tall and weighed 175 lb .

neg: Larry French Lawrence Herbert French (November 1, 1907 – February 9, 1987) was a starting pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for the Pittsburgh Pirates (1929–1934), Chicago Cubs (1935–1941) and Brooklyn Dodgers (1941). A knuckleball specialist, French batted right-handed and threw left-handed. He was born in Visalia, California.

neg: Jim Haislip James Clifton Haislip (August 4, 1891 – January 26, 1970) was a Major League Baseball pitcher. Haislip played for the Philadelphia Phillies in .

neg: Piggy Ward Frank Gray "Piggy" Ward (April 16, 1867 in Chambersburg, Pennsylvania – October 24, 1912 in Altoona, Pennsylvania and was buried in Cedar Grove Cemetery, Chambersburg, Pennsylvania), was a professional baseball player who played as an outfielder in the Major Leagues from 1883 to 1894. He played for the Pittsburgh Pirates, Baltimore Orioles, Cincinnati Reds, Washington Senators, and Philadelphia Phillies.

neg: Dan Haren Daniel John "Dan" Haren (born September 17, 1980) is an American retired professional baseball pitcher. Haren played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the St. Louis Cardinals, Oakland Athletics, Arizona Diamondbacks, Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, Washington Nationals, Los Angeles Dodgers, Miami Marlins, and Chicago Cubs. He now serves as an executive with the Diamondbacks.

neg: Myril Hoag Myril Oliver Hoag (March 9, 1908 – July 28, 1971) was an American professional baseball player. An outfielder, Hoag played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the New York Yankees, St. Louis Browns, Chicago White Sox, and Cleveland Indians between 1931 and 1945 and was on the winning team in three World Series. He appeared in the 1939 MLB All-Star Game.

neg: Joe Heving Joseph William Heving (September 2, 1900 – April 11, 1970) was a professional baseball player. Heving played as a pitcher for the New York Giants, Chicago White Sox (1933–34), Cleveland Indians (1937–38 and 1941–44), Boston Red Sox (1938–40) and Boston Braves (1945).

neg: Al Lyons Albert Harold Lyons (July 18, 1918 – December 20, 1965) was an American professional baseball player. He appeared in 39 Major League Baseball games as a pitcher in 1944 and from 1946 to 1948 with the New York Yankees, Pittsburgh Pirates and the Boston Braves. He also appeared in five games as an outfielder and 16 more as a pinch hitter, compiling a .293 MLB career batting average (17 hits in 58 at bats), with one home run, three doubles, and nine runs batted in.

neg: Pat Collins Tharon Leslie "Pat" Collins (September 13, 1896 – May 20, 1960) was an American baseball catcher who played ten seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB). He played for the St. Louis Browns, New York Yankees and Boston Braves from 1919 to 1929. He batted and threw right-handed and also played five games at first base.


query: Who was the "Father of Liberalism" and inspired philosopher Georg Meier?

pos: Georg Friedrich Meier Georg Friedrich Meier (26 March 1718, Saxony-Anhalt – 21 June 1777, Giebichenstein) was a German philosopher and aesthetician. A follower of Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten, Meier reformed the philosophy of Christian Wolff by introducing elements of John Locke's empiricist theory of knowledge.

pos: John Locke John Locke {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} ( ; 29 August 1632 – 28 October 1704) was an English philosopher and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers and commonly known as the "Father of Liberalism". Considered one of the first of the British empiricists, following the tradition of Sir Francis Bacon, he is equally important to social contract theory. His work greatly affected the development of epistemology and political philosophy. His writings influenced Voltaire and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, many Scottish Enlightenment thinkers, as well as the American revolutionaries. His contributions to classical republicanism and liberal theory are reflected in the United States Declaration of Independence.

neg: Norman P. Barry Norman Patrick Barry (25 June 1944 – 21 October 2008) was an English political philosopher best known as an exponent of classical liberalism. For much of his career he was a professor of social and political theory at the University of Buckingham.

neg: Christian von Ehrenfels Christian von Ehrenfels (also "Maria Christian Julius Leopold Freiherr von Ehrenfels"; 20 June 1859 – 8 September 1932) was an Austrian philosopher, and is known as one of the founders and precursors of Gestalt psychology.

neg: Green conservatism Green conservatism is a combination of conservatism with environmentalism. Environmental concern has been voiced by both conservative politicians and philosophers throughout the history of modern conservatism with Edmund Burke (the philosophical founder of modern conservatism) in his "Reflections on the Revolution in France" quoted as saying 'the earth, the kind and equal mother of all ought not to be monopolised to foster the pride and luxury of any men'.

neg: Philosophy of Søren Kierkegaard Søren Kierkegaard's philosophy has been a major influence in the development of 20th-century philosophy, especially existentialism and postmodernism. Kierkegaard was a 19th-century Danish philosopher who has been called the "Father of Existentialism". His philosophy also influenced the development of existential psychology.

neg: Charles Maurras Charles-Marie-Photius Maurras (] ; 20 April 1868 – 16 November 1952) was a French author, poet, and critic. He was an organizer and principal philosopher of "Action Française", a political movement that was monarchist, anti-parliamentarist, and counter-revolutionary. Maurras' ideas greatly influenced National Catholicism and "nationalisme intégral". A major tenet of integral nationalism was stated by Maurras as "a true nationalist places his country above everything". A political theorist and a major intellectual influence in early 20th-century Europe, his views influenced several far-right ideologies; it also anticipated some of the ideas of fascism.

neg: Max Scheler Max Ferdinand Scheler (] ; 22 August 1874 – 19 May 1928) was a German philosopher known for his work in phenomenology, ethics, and philosophical anthropology. Scheler developed further the philosophical method of the founder of phenomenology, Edmund Husserl, and was called by José Ortega y Gasset "the first man of the philosophical paradise." After his death in 1928, Martin Heidegger affirmed, with Ortega y Gasset, that all philosophers of the century were indebted to Scheler and praised him as "the strongest philosophical force in modern Germany, nay, in contemporary Europe and in contemporary philosophy as such." In 1954, Karol Wojtyła, later Pope John Paul II, defended his doctoral thesis on "An Evaluation of the Possibility of Constructing a Christian Ethics on the Basis of the System of Max Scheler."

neg: Reinhold Niebuhr Karl Paul Reinhold Niebuhr ( ; June 21, 1892June 1, 1971) was an American theologian, ethicist, commentator on politics and public affairs, and professor at Union Theological Seminary for more than 30 years. Niebuhr was one of America's leading public intellectuals for several decades of the 20th century and received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1964. A public theologian, he wrote and spoke frequently about the intersection of religion, politics, and public policy, with his most influential books including "Moral Man and Immoral Society" and "The Nature and Destiny of Man", the second of which Modern Library ranked one of the top 20 nonfiction books of the twentieth century. Andrew Bacevich labelled Niebuhr's book "The Irony of American History" "the most important book ever written on U.S. foreign policy." Historian Arthur Schlesinger Jr. described Niebuhr as "the most influential American theologian of the 20th century" and "Time" posthumously called Niebuhr "the greatest Protestant theologian in America since Jonathan Edwards."

neg: Mont Pelerin Society The Mont Pelerin Society (MPS) is an international organization composed of economists (including eight winners of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences), philosophers, historians, intellectuals, business leaders, and others committed to their understanding of personal and political freedom. Its founders included Friedrich Hayek, Frank Knight, Karl Popper, Ludwig von Mises, George Stigler, and Milton Friedman. The society advocates freedom of expression, free market economic policies, the political values of an open society. The members see the Society as an effort to interpret in modern terms the fundamental principles of economic society as expressed by those classical economists, political scientists, and philosophers who have inspired many in Europe, America and throughout the Western World.

neg: Timeline of Karl Marx Karl Marx (5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883) was a German philosopher, economist, sociologist, historian, journalist, and revolutionary socialist. Marx's work in economics laid the basis for the current understanding of labour and its relation to capital, and has influenced much of subsequent economic thought. He published numerous books during his lifetime, the most notable being "The Communist Manifesto" (1848) and "Das Kapital" (1867–1894).

neg: Othmar Spann Othmar Spann (October 1, 1878 – July 8, 1950) was a conservative Austrian philosopher, sociologist and economist whose radical anti-liberal and anti-Socialist views, based on early 19th century Romantic ideas expressed by Adam Müller et al. and popularized in his books and lecture courses, helped antagonise political factions in Austria during the interwar years.

neg: Alexander Rüstow Alexander Rüstow (April 8, 1885 – June 30, 1963) was a German sociologist and economist. In 1938 he originated the term neoliberalism at the Colloque Walter Lippmann. He was one of the fathers of the "Social Market Economy" that shaped the economy of West Germany after World War II. He is the grandnephew of Wilhelm Rüstow, the grandson of Cäsar Rüstow and the father of Dankwart Rustow.

neg: Robert Tobler Born in Zürich, he followed his father by studying law at University of Zurich and working as a lawyer. Initially attracted to liberalism, he came into contact with Hans Oehler and soon helped to found the New Front in 1930. As chairman of the new group he was heavily influenced by Othmar Spann, although fascism quickly became more important for the Front.

neg: Laurence Lampert Laurence Lampert (born 1941) is a Canadian philosopher and a leading scholar in the field of Nietzsche studies. He is also well known for his interpretation of the German-American political philosopher, Leo Strauss.

neg: Johann Augustus Eberhard Johann Augustus Eberhard (August 31, 1739 – January 6, 1809) was a German theologian and "popular philosopher".

neg: Perfectionist liberalism Perfectionist liberalism has been defined by Charles Larmore (1987) as the "family of views that base political principles on 'ideals claiming to shape our overall conception of the good life, and not just our role as citizens.'" Joseph Raz popularised those ideas.

neg: The Communist Manifesto The Communist Manifesto (originally Manifesto of the Communist Party) is an 1848 political pamphlet by German philosophers Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Commissioned by the Communist League and originally published in London (in German as "Manifest der Kommunistischen Partei") just as the revolutions of 1848 began to erupt, the "Manifesto" was later recognised as one of the world's most influential political documents. It presents an analytical approach to the class struggle (historical and then-present) and the problems of capitalism and the capitalist mode of production, rather than a prediction of communism's potential future forms.

neg: Johan Gabriel Richert Johan Gabriel Richert, (24 March 1784 – 2 January 1864), Swedish jurist and politician. He was one of Sweden's most distinguished lawyers during the former half of the 19th century and is regarded as the father of Swedish liberalism. His thinking was mainly influenced by Benthamism, but Richert was also influenced by Kant. Richert played an instrumental role in mid-nineteenth century Sweden legal reform and he was a vocal proponent of the replacement of the Riksdag of the Estates with a unicameral legislature.

neg: Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn Erik Maria Ritter von Kuehnelt-Leddihn (born July 31, 1909 in Tobelbad (now Haselsdorf-Tobelbad), Austro-Hungarian Empire; died May 26, 1999, in Lans, Austria) was an Austrian political scientist. Describing himself as an "extreme conservative arch-liberal" or "liberal of the extreme right", Kuehnelt-Leddihn often argued that majority rule in democracies is a threat to individual liberties, and declared himself a monarchist and an enemy of all forms of totalitarianism, although he also supported what he defined as non-democratic "republics," such as Switzerland and the United States. Described as "A Walking Book of Knowledge", Kuehnelt-Leddihn had an encyclopedic knowledge of the humanities and was a polyglot, able to speak eight languages and read seventeen others. His early books "The Menace of the Herd" and "Liberty or Equality" were influential within the American conservative movement. An associate of William F. Buckley Jr., his best-known writings appeared in "National Review", where he was a columnist for 35 years.

neg: 19th-century philosophy In the 19th century the philosophies of the Enlightenment began to have a dramatic effect, the landmark works of philosophers such as Immanuel Kant and Jean-Jacques Rousseau influencing new generations of thinkers. In the late 18th century a movement known as Romanticism began; it validated strong emotion as an authentic not of aesthetic experience, placing new emphasis on such emotions as trepidation, horror and terror and awe. Key ideas that sparked changes in philosophy were the fast progress of science; evolution, as postulated by Vanini, Diderot, Lord Monboddo, Erasmus Darwin, Lamarck, Goethe, and Charles Darwin; and what might now be called emergent order, such as the free market of Adam Smith within nation states. Pressures for egalitarianism, and more rapid change culminated in a period of revolution and turbulence that would see philosophy change as well.

neg: The Philosophy of Money The Philosophy of Money (1900) is a book on economic sociology by the German sociologist and social philosopher, Georg Simmel. Probably considered Simmel's greatest work, Simmel saw money as a structuring agent that helps us understand the totality of life.