query: The removal and reservations phase (1829-86) was a part of a policy overseen by what council?

pos: National Council on Indian Opportunity The National Council on Indian Opportunity was an American Indian rights group established by Executive Order 11399 on March 6, 1968, and amended by an act of United States Congress on November 26, 1969. The group's mission was to encourage and oversee the rise of federal programs to benefit the American Indian population, measure the impact and progress of such programs, and suggest ways to improve programs to meet the demands of the American Indian population. The Council was terminated on November 26, 1974, under the provisions of section 2 of the act.

pos: Federal Indian Policy Federal Indian policy establishes the relationship between the United States Government and the Indian Tribes within its borders. The Constitution gives the federal government primary responsibility for dealing with tribes. Some scholars divide the federal policy toward Indians in six phases: coexistence (1789-1828), removal and reservations (1829–86), assimilation (1887-1932), reorganization (1932–45), termination (1946–60), and self-determination (1961–85).

neg: Dancing Rabbit Creek Treaty Site The Dancing Rabbit Creek Treaty Site is a historic Choctaw Native American gathering place in rural Noxubee County, Mississippi. Located near a freshwater spring above the floodplain of Dancing Rabbit Creek in the southwestern part of the county, it was the site of a treaty negotiation between the Choctaw and the federal government in 1830, resulting in the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek, in which the Choctaw agreed to surrender their ancestral lands for territory in what is now Oklahoma. It was the first treaty negotiated after passage of the Indian Removal Act, and served as a model for other treaties passed pursuant to that act. It also led to the Choctaw Trail of Tears. The site, now marked by a stone memorial and a small Choctaw cemetery, was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1996.

neg: Onondaga Council The Onondaga Council governs the Onondaga Nation, a sovereign nation, one of six nations of the Iroquois people, that lives on a portion of its ancestral territory and maintains its own distinct laws, language, customs, and culture. The "nation" is not governed by a Council of Chiefs since the notion of federalism and proportional representation was strictly adhered to. After the dissolution of the League, interests lie only in external matters such as war, peace, and treaty making to further the unanimity of the United States government. Since Tadodaho was appointed to the council fire and given weapons to protect the sacred fire within the house, the Grand Council could not interfere in the internal affairs of the tribe. Their role was limited to matters between themselves and other tribes; they had no say in matters that were traditionally the concern of the ability of the clan names.

neg: Petticoat affair The Petticoat affair (also known as the Eaton affair) was an 1829–1831 U.S. scandal involving members of President Andrew Jackson's Cabinet and their wives. Led by Floride Calhoun, wife of Vice President John C. Calhoun, these women (the "petticoats") socially ostracized John Eaton, the Secretary of War, and his wife Peggy over disapproval of the circumstances surrounding their marriage and what they considered her failure to meet the moral standards of a cabinet wife. The affair shook up the Jackson administration and led to the resignation of all but one cabinet member. It facilitated Martin Van Buren's rise to the presidency and was, in part, responsible for Calhoun's transformation from a national political figure with presidential aspirations into a sectional leader of the slave-holding Southern states.

neg: Roosevelt Reservation The Roosevelt Reservation is a 60 ft strip of land on the United States side of the United States-Mexico Border under the jurisdiction of the United States Federal Government. It was established in a 1907 Presidential Proclamation (35 Stat. 2136) by Theodore Roosevelt in order to keep the land "free from obstruction as a protection against the smuggling of goods between the United States and Mexico".

neg: Tribal sovereignty in the United States Tribal sovereignty in the United States is the inherent authority of indigenous tribes to govern themselves within the borders of the United States. The U.S. federal government recognizes tribal nations as "domestic dependent nations" and has established a number of laws attempting to clarify the relationship between the federal, state, and tribal governments.

neg: Executive Council of Maine The Executive Council of Maine was a government body established with the Maine Constitution in 1820 and dissolved via statewide referendum in 1975. It was made up of seven members, traditionally defeated members of the majority legislative party, and was used as a safeguard against gubernatorial control. However, the unelected council often had problems with governors from different political parties. In the last years of the Executive Council, the Republican majority council and legislature faced serious opposition from Democrat Kenneth M. Curtis. In November 1975, the body was dissestablished via a statewide referendum. Said then former Governor Curtis on news of abolishment, "I didn't think I'd live long enough to see it (abolition) happen".

neg: Klamath Termination Act The Klamath Termination Act was a 1953 law under the US Indian termination policy. The Klamath tribe along with the Flathead, Menominee, Potawatomi, and Turtle Mountain Chippewa, as well as all tribes in the states of California, New York, Florida, and Texas were targeted for immediate termination by House Concurrent Resolution 108 of 1953. The statement which was issued 1 August 1953 by the United States Congress announced the official beginning of the federal Indian termination policy. The tribes that were listed as being ready for immediate termination had been placed on a list prepared by acting Commissioner of Indian Affairs, William Zimmerman, because they met four primary criteria: adequate resources, they had adopted to a certain degree the cultural traits of the larger American culture, they were willing to terminate federal trust obligations, and the state was willing to assume jurisdiction over their criminal and civil matters.

neg: President of the Board of Control The President of the Board of Control was a British government official in the late 18th and early 19th century responsible for overseeing the British East India Company and generally serving as the chief official in London responsible for Indian affairs. The position was frequently a cabinet level one. The position was abolished in 1858 with the abolition of the East India Company. It was succeeded by the new position of Secretary of State for India.

neg: Secretarial Review Secretarial Review is a part of the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 (IRA). According to this law, Native American tribes were expected to write constitutions loosely resembling the United States Constitution. These IRA constitutions provided for a Tribal Council elected by the population and a chair person for the tribe; the chair person was either elected at-large, or was chosen from among the members of the Council.

neg: Maysville Road veto The Maysville Road veto occurred on May 27, 1830, when United States President Andrew Jackson vetoed a bill that would allow the federal government to purchase stock in the Maysville, Washington, Paris, and Lexington Turnpike Road Company, which had been organized to construct a road linking Lexington to Maysville on the Ohio River, the entirety of which would be in the state of Kentucky. Its advocates regarded it as a part of the national Cumberland Road system. Congress passed a bill in 1830 providing federal funds to complete the project. Jackson vetoed the bill on the grounds that federal funding of intrastate projects of this nature was unconstitutional. He declared that such bills violated the principle that the federal government should not be involved in local economic affairs. Jackson also pointed out that funding for these kinds of projects interfered with paying off the national debt.

neg: Colville Indian Reservation The Colville Indian Reservation is a Native American reservation in the north-central part of the U.S. state of Washington, inhabited and managed by the Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation, which is federally recognized. Established in 1872, the reservation currently consists of 2825000 acres . It is located primarily in the southeastern section of Okanogan County and the southern half of Ferry County, but it includes other pieces of trust land in eastern Washington, including in Chelan County, just to the northwest of the city of Chelan. The reservation's name is adapted from that of Fort Colville, which was named by British colonists for Andrew Colville, a London governor of the Hudson's Bay Company.

neg: Taft Commission The Taft Commission, also known as Second Philippine Commission (Filipino: "Ikalawang Komisyon ng Pilipinas") was established by United States President William McKinley on March 16, 1900 following the recommendations of the First Philippine Commission. The Second Commission was at first the sole legislative body of the Philippines, then known as the Philippine Islands under the sovereign control of the United States, while still under the Philippine–American War. After the passage of the Philippine Organic Act in 1902, the Commission functioned as a House of bicameral legislature until it was supplanted in 1916 by an elected legislature established in 1916 by the Philippine Autonomy Act.

neg: Congressional oversight Congressional oversight is oversight by the United States Congress over the Executive Branch, including the numerous U.S. federal agencies. Congressional oversight includes the review, monitoring, and supervision of federal agencies, programs, activities, and policy implementation. Congress exercises this power largely through its congressional committee system. However, oversight, which dates to the earliest days of the Republic, also occurs in a wide variety of congressional activities and contexts. These include authorization, appropriations, investigative, and legislative hearings by standing committees; specialized investigations by select committees; and reviews and studies by congressional support agencies and staff.

neg: 1st Council of the Northwest Territories The 1st Council of the North-West Territories also known as the North-West Council in Canada lasted from November 7, 1876, to 1888. It was created as a permanent replacement to the Temporary North-West Council which existed prior to 1876 and was replaced by the 1st North-West assembly when the quota of elected members was reached. The numerical denomination 1st was applied when the 2nd Council of the Northwest Territories was created to differentiate between the two councils.

neg: National Economic Council (United States) The National Economic Council (NEC) of the United States is the principal forum used by the President of the United States for considering economic policy matters, separate from matters relating to domestic policy, which are the domain of the Domestic Policy Council. The council forms part of the Office of White House Policy which contains the National Economic Council and other offices. The Director of the NEC is titled the "Assistant to the President for Economic Policy and Director of the National Economic Council".

neg: Confederation Congress Proclamation of 1783 Confederation Congress Proclamation of 1783 was a proclamation by the Congress of the Confederation dated September 22, 1783 prohibiting the extinguishment of aboriginal title in the United States without the consent of the federal government. The policy underlying the proclamation was inaugurated by the Royal Proclamation of 1763, and continued after the ratification of the United States Constitution by the Nonintercourse Acts of 1790, 1793, 1796, 1799, 1802, and 1833.

neg: Clergy Corporation The Clergy Corporation, or the Clergy Reserve Corporation of Upper Canada, existed to oversee, manage and lease the Clergy reserves of Upper Canada, a large amount of land in Upper Canada that had been put aside for the Anglican and later Protestant churches. The main operations of the Corporation were to collect rents on these lands, receive petitions, answer inquiries and settle all disputes arising from the clergy land.

neg: Iron Confederacy The Iron Confederacy (or "Confederation", also called in Cree: "Nehiyaw-Pwat" or in English Cree-Assiniboine) was a political and military alliance of Plains Indians of what is now Western Canada and the northern United States. This confederacy included various individual bands that allied together against common enemies. The ethnic groups that made up the Confederacy were the branches of the Cree people that moved onto the Great Plains around 1740 (the southern half of this movement eventually became the "Plains Cree" and the northern half the "Woods Cree"), the Saulteaux (Plains Ojibwa), the Assiniboine, and the Assiniboine's Canadian descendants of today, the Nakoda, plus Iroquois and Métis involved in the fur trade. The Confederacy rose to predominance on the northern Plains during the height of the North American fur trade when they operated as middlemen controlling the flow of European goods to other native nations, and the flow of furs to the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) and North West Company (NWC) trading posts. Its peoples later also played a major part in the bison (buffalo) hunt, and the pemmican trade. The decline of the fur trade and the collapse of the bison herds sapped the power of the Confederacy after the 1860s, and it could no longer act as a barrier to U.S. and Canadian expansion.

neg: Camp Napoleon Council The Camp Napoleon Council was a meeting of a number of indigenous tribes in Oklahoma that resulted in an intertribal compact. The council was held at Cottonwood Camp on May 24, 1865 near present-day Verden in Grady County, Oklahoma.

neg: Fort Garry Fort Garry, also known as Upper Fort Garry, was a Hudson's Bay Company trading post at the confluence of the Red and Assiniboine rivers in what is now downtown Winnipeg. It was established in 1822 on or near the site of the North West Company's Fort Gibraltar. Fort Garry was named after Nicholas Garry, deputy governor of the Hudson's Bay Company. It served as the centre of fur trade within the Red River Colony. In 1826, a severe flood destroyed the fort. It was rebuilt in 1835 by the HBC and named Upper Fort Garry to differentiate it from "the Lower Fort," or Lower Fort Garry, 32 km downriver, which was established in 1831. Throughout the mid-to-late 19th century, Upper Fort Garry played a minor role in the actual trading of furs, but was central to the administration of the HBC and the surrounding settlement. The Council of Assiniboia, the administrative and judicial body of the Red River Colony mainly run by Hudson's Bay Company officials, met at Upper Fort Garry.


query: What years was the mansion built on what later became Roslyn Air National Guard Station built?

pos: Roslyn Air National Guard Station Roslyn Air National Guard Station (ADC ID: P-3) is a closed United States Air Force station. It is located 1 mi south of East Hills, New York on Long Island. It was originally part of Clarence MacKay's Harbor Hill estate. It was closed in 2000.

pos: Harbor Hill Harbor Hill was a large Long Island mansion built from 1899-1902 in Roslyn, New York, commissioned by Clarence Hungerford Mackay. It was designed by McKim, Mead, and White, with Stanford White supervising the project. It was the largest home he ever designed.

neg: Patterson Mansion The Patterson Mansion (also known as the Patterson House or the Washington Club) is a historic Neoclassical-style mansion located at 15 Dupont Circle NW in Washington, D.C., in the United States. It was built by Robert Wilson Patterson, editor of the "Chicago Tribune" newspaper, and used by him and his family for entertaining when he was in the city. Completed in 1903, it was deeded to the American Red Cross in 1948. The Red Cross sold it to the Washington Club in 1951. The structure was renovated and a small, two-story addition added in 1955. As of December 2013, the property was up for sale after plans to convert it into a boutique hotel fell through. In June 2014, the Washington Club sold the Mansion for $20 Million to developer SB-Urban. The Washington Club sold the property because "it is disbanding and no longer needs the space, according to John Matteo, an attorney at Jackson & Campbell, who represented the club in the sale."

neg: Conro Fiero House The Conro Fiero House, also known as Woodlawn Acres and latterly as the Mon Desir restaurant, was a revival-style Tudor mansion built in 1910 by Conro Fiero. Originally listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 9, 1981, it was delisted on June 1, 2011, following its destruction by fire.

neg: Ambrose-Ward Mansion Ambrose-Ward Mansion is located in East Orange, Essex County, New Jersey, United States. The mansion was built in 1889 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 20, 1982.

neg: Richthofen Castle Richthofen Castle is a historic 35-room mansion in the neighborhood of Montclair in the City and County of Denver, Colorado, United States. Completed in 1887, it was originally designed by Alexander Cazin for Baron Walter von Richthofen, a German immigrant and member of the prominent Richthofen aristocratic family. Additions and remodels on the house were later made by Maurice Biscoe and Henry Hewitt in 1910 and Jules Jaques Benedict in 1924. The mansion was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.

neg: Ochre Court Ochre Court is a large châteauesque mansion in Newport, Rhode Island, United States. Commissioned by Ogden Goelet, it was built at a cost of $4.5 million in 1892. It is the second largest mansion in Newport after nearby The Breakers. These two mansions, along with Belcourt Castle (the 3rd largest mansion) and Marble House, were designed by architect Richard Morris Hunt. It is owned by Salve Regina University.

neg: Vaynol Vaynol or Y Faenol (Welsh ] ) is a country estate dating from the Tudor period near Y Felinheli in Gwynedd, North Wales (grid reference [ SH536695] ). It comprises 1000 acre of park, farmland, and gardens on the estate, with more than thirty listed buildings, surrounded by a wall which is 7 mi long. ""Y Faenol"" means "the manor" and is a mutated form of the Welsh word "maenol".

neg: Battle of Britain House Battle of Britain House, also known over time as Franklin House and Kokyo, was a private mansion in Ruislip that was used by the United States military to train agents for undercover missions in occupied France during the Second World War. After the war, the house was dedicated as a memorial to the Royal Air Force squadrons involved in the Battle of Britain, and became a residential college and headquarters to the Ruislip & District Natural History Society. The house was destroyed by fire in 1984 and demolished; in 1993 the site was cleared to allow it to be reclaimed by nature.

neg: Morey Mansion Morey Mansion is an 1890 Victorian house in Redlands, California, United States.

neg: E. W. Marland Mansion The E.W. Marland Mansion is a 43561 sqft Mediterranean Revival-style mansion located in Ponca City, Oklahoma, United States. Built by oil baron and philanthropist Ernest Whitworth (E.W.) Marland, as a display of wealth at the peak of the 1920s oil boom, the house is one of the largest residences in the southwestern United States, and is known as the "Palace on the Prairie." It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1973, and is now a museum open to the public.

neg: Riversdale (Riverdale Park, Maryland) Riversdale, is a five-part, large-scale late Georgian mansion with superior Federal interior, built between 1801 and 1807. Also known as Baltimore House, Calvert Mansion or Riversdale Mansion, it is located at 4811 Riverdale Road in Riverdale Park, Maryland, and is open to the public as a museum.

neg: Green B. Adair Mansion The Adair Mansion, originally named Wood Cliff (1895) is located in the Virginia Highland neighborhood of Atlanta, Georgia at 964 Rupley Drive, and is as of 2011 divided into upscale apartments.

neg: La Fortaleza La Fortaleza (The Fortress) is the current official residence of the Governor of Puerto Rico. It was built between 1533 and 1540 to defend the harbor of San Juan. The structure is also known as Palacio de Santa Catalina (Santa Catalina's Palace). It is the oldest executive mansion in continuous use in the New World. It was listed by UNESCO in 1983 as part of the World Heritage Site "La Fortaleza and San Juan National Historic Site".

neg: Lyneham, Yealmpton Lyneham in the parish of Yealmpton in Devon, is an historic estate. The surviving grand mansion house known as "Lyneham House" is a grade I listed building. It was built c.1699-1703 by Sir Courtenay Croker (died 1740), MP for Plympton Morice in 1699. A drawing of Lyneham House dated 1716 by Edmund Prideaux (1693–1745) of Prideaux Place, Padstow, Cornwall, survives at Prideaux Place. It shows formal gardens in front with flanking pavilions and an orangery.

neg: Roslyn Savings Bank Building Roslyn Savings Bank Building is a historic commercial building located at Roslyn in Nassau County, New York. It was originally built on the site of the former Roslyn Hotel in 1932, with additions dated to 1963 and 1980. The original structure consists of a one story banking hall with a gable roof, with a two story flat roofed office block in a Georgian Revival style. The original front facade is five bays wide with a center entrance and features an elaborate, pedimented stone surround.

neg: Senator Stephen Benton Elkins House Senator Stephen Benton Elkins House, also known as Halliehurst, is an historic mansion located at Elkins, Randolph County, West Virginia. It was designed by noted architect Charles T. Mott and built in 1890, as a summer home for U.S. Senator Stephen Benton Elkins. It consists of a three-story main block with hipped roof and service wing. The roof is punctuated by towers, turrets, dormers, and chimneys. A porch surrounds much of the first floor. It features a two-story portico with columns around a central, flat roofed tower. Located on a mountainside, it commands a view of the valley beneath and the forest and mountain peaks that surround the valley. In 1923, the house and approximately 60 acres of land were deeded to Davis & Elkins College by Sen. Elkins' widow.

neg: Live Oak (Weyanoke, Louisiana) Live Oak is a historic mansion in Weyanoke, Louisiana, USA. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since March 11, 1977.

neg: Dundurn Castle Dundurn Castle is a historic neoclassical mansion on York Boulevard in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. The 18000 sqft house took three years and $175,000 to build, and was completed in 1835.

neg: Waverly (Marriottsville, Maryland) Waverly, or Waverley, is a historic home located at Marriottsville in Howard County, Maryland, USA. It was built between 1756 and 1800 by different accounts. It is a 2 ⁄ -story stone house, covered with stucco, with extensions completed about 1900. Also on the property are a small 1 ⁄ -story stone dwelling, a supposed combination storehouse and slave jail, a 2-story frame-and-stone corn crib, and the ruins of a log slave quarter. A newspaper account claimed as many as 999 slaves worked on the plantation at one time. It was a property developed on land first patented by Charles Carroll of Carrollton and later part of the 1703 survey "Ranter's Ridge" owned by Thomas Browne. The land was resurveyed in 1726 as "The Mistake". Nathan Browne inherited half of the land in 1756. It was purchased by John Dorsey and willed to Nathan and Sophia Dorsey as the next owners by 1760.

neg: Rhodesleigh Rhodesleigh, also known as the Rhodes Mansion, is a historic residence in Lakewood, Washington. Architects involved in its design included Ambrose J. Russell and Frederick Heath.

neg: Colden Mansion Ruins The Colden Mansion Ruins are located in the Town of Montgomery, New York, United States, along NY 17K, at the intersection of Stone Castle Road and Route 17K. The stone walls and foundations, still visible in the woods just off the road, are all that still stands from the house built in 1767 by Cadwallader Colden Jr., son of Cadwallader Colden. The entire area, once the 3,000-acre (12 km²) family farm, is still known as Coldenham and East Coldenham, and the Colden Family Cemetery is approximately a mile (1.6 km) to the southwest.


query: The major league soccer team, in which R.J. Allen is a defender for, began in which year?

pos: R. J. Allen Robert James "R. J." Allen (born April 17, 1990) is an American professional soccer player who currently plays as a defender for New York City FC in Major League Soccer. Allen is the older brother of soccer player Brandon Allen.

pos: New York City FC New York City FC is an American professional soccer club based in New York City that competes in Major League Soccer (MLS). NYCFC began play in 2015, as an expansion team of the league. The club is the first MLS franchise based in the city, and the second franchise in the New York metropolitan area after the New York Red Bulls, based in Harrison, New Jersey.

neg: History of D.C. United The History of D.C. United spans 21 years, beginning in 1995 when Major League Soccer awarded a franchise to the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area. Since the team's inception, D.C. United has played in RFK Stadium located in the city's seventh ward near the Eastland Gardens neighborhood and D.C. Armory.

neg: Estadio Andrés Quintana Roo The Estadio Olímpico Andrés Quintana Roo is a 17,289-seat stadium in Cancún, Quintana Roo, Mexico. It is the home field of Segunda División de México's Atlante F.C.. The stadium was inaugurated on August 11, 2007, in a game against Universidad Nacional. Atlante F.C. won in this stadium their 3rd league title in Apertura 2007 against Universidad Nacional. The Houston Dynamo became the first Major League Soccer team to play in the stadium on March 3, 2009, when the club were defeated by Atlante in the second leg of the CONCACAF Champions League quarterfinals.

neg: Colorado Comets The Colorado Comets were an American soccer club based in Denver, Colorado founded in 1985 which later competed in the SISL and USISL.

neg: MLS Cup 2011 MLS Cup 2011, the 16th edition of Major League Soccer's championship match, was played between the Houston Dynamo and the Los Angeles Galaxy to decide the champion of the 2011 season. The match was played at the Home Depot Center in Carson, California on November 20, 2011. Los Angeles won their third championship, defeating Houston 1–0 off a 72nd-minute goal from Galaxy captain Landon Donovan. David Beckham and Robbie Keane assisted the game's lone goal. With the win, the Galaxy became the first team since the Columbus Crew in 2008 to win both the Supporters' Shield and MLS Cup in the same year.

neg: Allen Americans The Allen Americans are an ice hockey team headquartered at the Allen Event Center in Allen, Texas, which currently plays in the ECHL. The team was founded in 2009 in the Central Hockey League (CHL) where they played for five seasons, winning the Ray Miron President's Cup twice. The CHL folded in 2014 and the ECHL accepted the remaining CHL teams as members for the 2014–15 season. In their first two seasons in the ECHL, Allen advanced to the Kelly Cup finals, winning the championship in both years.

neg: Seattle Sounders (1974–83) The Seattle Sounders were a U.S. professional soccer team based in Seattle, Washington. Founded in 1974, the team belonged to the North American Soccer League where it played both indoor and outdoor soccer. The team folded after the 1983 NASL outdoor season.

neg: Premier Development League The Premier Development League (commonly known as the PDL) is a development league sponsored by United Soccer Leagues in the United States and Canada, forming part of the United States soccer league system. The league has 72 teams competing in four conferences, split into ten regional divisions. Unofficially, it is considered to be the fourth tier of competition, behind Major League Soccer, the North American Soccer League and the United Soccer League. With USL Pro re-branding as the United Soccer League in February 2015, the PDL dropped the "USL" descriptor from their name, simply operating as the "Premier Development League". PDL is headquartered in Tampa.

neg: Dallas Defenders The Dallas Defenders were a team in the Premier Basketball League (PBL) which began play in 2008.

neg: 2005 Chivas USA season The 2005 Chivas USA season was the club's first season of existence, and their first in Major League Soccer, the top flight of American soccer. The club competed in the MLS's Western Conference, where they finished in sixth place, or last place, in the Conference.

neg: Atlantic City Diablos (WPSL) The Atlantic City Diablos are an American professional soccer team based in Richland, New Jersey, United States. Founded in 2005, the team plays in Women's Premier Soccer League (WPSL), a national amateur league at the fourth tier of the American Soccer Pyramid.

neg: Reading United AC Reading United AC is an American soccer team based in Reading, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1996, the team plays in the Premier Development League (PDL), the fourth tier of the American Soccer Pyramid, in the Mid-Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference.

neg: Arizona Thunder The Arizona Thunder was a professional indoor soccer team based in Phoenix, Arizona. In 1997, the team was a member of the Premier Soccer Alliance. In 1998, the alliance, with some additional teams, reconstituted itself as the World Indoor Soccer League (WISL). The Thunder continued to play in the WISL from 1998–2000. The team played in the Arizona Veterans Memorial Coliseum.

neg: Rhode Island Stingrays Rhode Island Stingrays was an American soccer team based in Providence, Rhode Island, United States. Founded in 1995, the team played in the USL Premier Development League (PDL), the fourth tier of the American Soccer Pyramid, until 2009, after which the franchise folded and the team left the league.

neg: Philadelphia Phillies all-time roster (R) The Philadelphia Phillies are a Major League Baseball team based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. They are a member of the Eastern Division of Major League Baseball's National League. The team has played officially under two names since beginning play in 1883: the current moniker, as well as the "Quakers", which was used in conjunction with "Phillies" during the team's early history. The team was also known unofficially as the "Blue Jays" during the World War II era. Since the franchise's inception, 2,006 players have made an appearance in a competitive game for the team, whether as an offensive player (batting and baserunning) or a defensive player (fielding, pitching, or both).

neg: Atlanta United FC Atlanta United FC is an American professional soccer club based in Atlanta, Georgia, that began play in 2017 as a member of the Eastern Conference of Major League Soccer. The club, which was announced by the league as an expansion franchise on April 16, 2014, is owned and operated by Home Depot co-founder and Atlanta Falcons owner Arthur Blank. The team originally played at Bobby Dodd Stadium, but played their first game at the new Mercedes-Benz Stadium on September 10, 2017.

neg: MLS Defender of the Year Award Major League Soccer — the highest professional soccer league in the United States and Canada — has handed out a Defender of the Year award since the league's inception in 1996. The award is decided based on votes from MLS players, MLS coaches and executives and media members.

neg: Orlando Sharks The Orlando Sharks a professional American indoor soccer team based in Orlando, Florida, United States. Founded in 2007, by Buena Vista Corporation the Chairman Mr. Sham Maharaj acquired the franchise early 2006. the first game was played in November 2007. MISL Commissioner Steve Ryan announced the Orlando during the championship game in St. Louis. The game, between the St. Louis Steamers and the Baltimore Blast, televised on ESPN2. Sham Maharaj, owner of the Orlando franchise, and team president Rich Bradley, the former executive vice-president and chief operating officer of the Kansas City Comets of the MISL, both were present for the announcement. The team played in the Major Indoor Soccer League, but the team played for only a season due to conflicts with the Amway's calendar.

neg: MLS Cup Playoffs The MLS Cup Playoffs is the postseason elimination tournament of Major League Soccer held at the end of the regular season en route to the MLS Cup, the playoff championship game. Twelve teams in total from the Eastern Conference and Western Conference qualify for the tournament based on regular-season records, and a tiebreaking procedure exists in the case of equal records. Awarding a championship through a postseason tournament differs from most other soccer leagues around the world where the team with the most points at the end of the season is deemed champion. MLS awards the regular-season champions with the Supporters' Shield and a direct berth in the CONCACAF Champions League, the continental tournament. The regular-season champion must be a U.S.-based club in order to receive direct entry to Champions League. Since 2015 Audi is the official sponsor.

neg: Toronto Lynx Toronto Lynx is a Canadian soccer team based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Founded in 1997, the team plays in the USL Premier Development League (PDL), the fourth tier of the American Soccer Pyramid, in the Great Lakes Division of the Central Conference. The team plays its home games at Centennial Park Stadium, where they have played since 2003. The team's colours are white, gold and black. The team has a sister organization, the Toronto Lady Lynx, who play in the women's USL W-League, and also fields a team in the USL's Super-20 League, a league for players 17 to 20 years of age run under the United Soccer Leagues umbrella.

neg: 2013–14 Major Indoor Soccer League season The 2013–14 Major Indoor Soccer League season is the third under the United Soccer Leagues banner, fifth under the MISL name, and the sixth season overall. The season began on November 15 and concluded on March 2. Each team played a 20-game schedule. This was the final season for this third incarnation of the MISL. 6 of the 7 teams joined the Professional Arena Soccer League, later renamed Major Arena Soccer League.


query: Goin' South starred an actor who was a cast member on what show?

pos: Goin' South Goin' South is a 1978 American western-comedy film, directed by and starring Jack Nicholson, with Mary Steenburgen, Christopher Lloyd, John Belushi, Richard Bradford, Veronica Cartwright, Danny DeVito and Ed Begley, Jr.

pos: John Belushi John Adam Belushi ( ; January 24, 1949 – March 5, 1982) was an American comedian, actor and musician. Belushi is best known for his "intense energy and raucous attitude" which he displayed as one of the seven original cast members of the NBC sketch comedy show "Saturday Night Live" ("SNL"). Throughout his career, Belushi had a close personal and artistic partnership with his fellow "SNL" star Dan Aykroyd, whom he met while they were both working at Chicago's The Second City comedy club.

neg: Broderick Crawford William Broderick Crawford (December 9, 1911 – April 26, 1986) was an American stage, film, radio, and TV actor, often cast in tough-guy roles and best known for his portrayal of Willie Stark in "All the King's Men" and for his starring role as Chief Dan Mathews in the television series "Highway Patrol" (1955–1959).

neg: Ralph Carter Ralph David Carter (born May 30, 1961) is an American actor and singer. Carter is known for his work as a child and teenager, both in the Broadway musical "Raisin," based on the Lorraine Hansberry drama "A Raisin in the Sun"; and as Michael Evans, the youngest child of Florida and James Evans, Sr., on the CBS sitcom "Good Times" from 1974–1979.

neg: Cheyenne Jackson Cheyenne David Jackson (born July 12, 1975) is an American actor and singer-songwriter. His credits include leading roles in Broadway musicals and other stage roles, as well as film and television roles, concert singing, and music recordings.

neg: William Sanderson William Sanderson (born January 10, 1944) is an American character actor famous for his roles in "Blade Runner", "Deadwood", "True Blood", and as a cast member in the long-running, 1980s television series "Newhart".

neg: Fred Grandy Fredrick Lawrence "Fred" Grandy (born June 29, 1948) is an American actor best known for his role as "Gopher" on the sitcom "The Love Boat" and who later became a member of the United States House of Representatives from the state of Iowa. Grandy was most recently the host of "The Grandy Group", a morning drive time radio talk show on 630 WMAL in Washington, D.C.

neg: Michael Burns (actor and historian) Michael Thornton Burns (born December 30, 1947) is an American professor emeritus of history at Mount Holyoke College in South Hadley, Massachusetts, and a former television and film actor, particularly known for his role as the teenager "Barnaby West" from 1960 to 1965 on the NBC and ABC western series, "Wagon Train".

neg: List of The Texan episodes The Texan was a Western television series starring popular B movie actor Rory Calhoun, which aired on the CBS television network from 1958 to 1960.

neg: Nathaniel Taylor (actor) Nathaniel Taylor (born March 31, 1938) is an American television actor, best known for his recurring role as Rollo Lawson in the 1970s sitcom "Sanford and Son", a role he later reprised on its 1980–1981 spin-off "Sanford", and later played the first version of "Jim-Jam" alongside Redd Foxx on the short lived 1986 series, "The Redd Foxx Show". Later, he played Rerun's (Fred Berry) brother-in-law "Ike" in the sitcom "What's Happening!!". Taylor's character "Rollo" once referred to Foxx's character "Fred G. Sanford" as, "One cold-blooded old dude."

neg: Roy Stuart (actor) Roy Stuart (July 17, 1927 – December 25, 2005) was an American character actor. He is best known for playing Corporal Charles "Chuck" Boyle on television's "Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C." during seasons two, three, and four from 1965 to 1968.

neg: Timmy Williams Timmy Williams (born April 10, 1981 in Watertown, South Dakota) is an American comedian and radio personality. He is a member of the sketch comedy troupe "The Whitest Kids U' Know", and starred in its eponymous television show.

neg: Gary Vinson Gary Vinson (October 22, 1936 – October 15, 1984) was an American actor who appeared in significant roles in three television series of the 1960s: "The Roaring 20s", "McHale's Navy", and "Pistols 'n' Petticoats".

neg: Star of the Family Star of the Family is an American sitcom that aired on ABC from September 30 to December 9, 1982. Starring veteran actor, Brian Dennehy, as fire chief Leslie "Buddy" Krebs, and Katherine Saltzberg, née Maisnik, as his singer daughter, Jennie Lee Krebs.

neg: Richard McKenzie (actor) Richard McKenzie (born June 2, 1930) is an American character actor who is known for his guest role as Fred Bunker, younger brother of Archie Bunker on the hit CBS-TV sitcom series "All in the Family" in seasons 7 and 8, and season 4 of "Archie Bunker's Place". He also appeared in other popular shows such as "Quincy M.E.", "Hawaii Five-O", "Matlock" and "In the Heat of the Night".

neg: Mandy Musgrave Amanda Marie "Mandy" Musgrave (born September 19, 1986) is an American actress and singer. Best known for her portrayal of Ashley Davies on the television series "South of Nowhere", as well as portraying Misty Monroe in the web series "Girltrash!" and the prequel film "". She has also appeared on a number of shows as a guest star.

neg: Stoney Jackson Stonewall W. "Stoney" Jackson (born Alwyn Jackson on February 27, 1960) is an American character actor. Jackson was born in Richmond, Virginia.

neg: Rugg Williams Rugg Williams is an American actor who guest-starred in the crime drama "In the Heat of the Night" with Carroll O'Connor for four seasons as Eugene Glendon, Denise Nicholas' troubled son. Prior to this, he appeared in TV shows such as "Tattooed Teenage Alien Fighters from Beverly Hills", "Family Matters", "Hunter", and "".

neg: Gregg Henry Gregg Lee Henry (born May 6, 1952) is an American theatre, film and television character actor and rock, blues and country musician.

neg: Simon Rex Simon Rex Cutright, known as Dirt Nasty (born July 20, 1974), is an American actor, comedian, rapper, record producer, model, and former VJ. Rising to fame as an MTV VJ, Rex turned rapper and comedian under an alter ego, Dirt Nasty, and received a cult following on social media websites. As an actor, he starred as Jeff Campbell in the first season of "What I Like About You", as George Logan in "Scary Movie 3" and "4", as Dan Sanders in "5", and as Derek in "National Lampoon's Pledge This!"

neg: Terrence E. McNally Terrence E. McNally is an American actor and radio host. He has appeared in such films and television shows as "", "Dallas", "Nine to Five", "Taking Care of Business", "Looker" and "Battle Beyond the Stars".

neg: Tico Wells Tico Wells is an African-American actor, known for his role as Choir Boy in the 1991 film "The Five Heartbeats". He has also appeared on "The Cosby Show", "227", Hallmark movies and "Beverly Hills, 90210". He was Tim in the movie "The Wish List", and played Dexter Williams, the younger brother of Denzel Washington's character Demetrius Williams, in "Mississippi Masala". He starred as Kirkland J. Ellis, III, in the independent film "Big Ain't Bad", a romantic drama that won Auds honors at the Hollywood Black Film Festival. He made a cameo in the Martin Lawrence show, "Martin" as "Sweet Reggie."


query: University of the Philippines and Adamson University, are located in which country?

pos: University of the Philippines The University of the Philippines (UP; Filipino: "Unibersidad ng Pilipinas" or "Pamantasan ng Pilipinas") is a state university system in the Philippines. Founded by the American colonial government on June 18, 1908, it was originally a university conceived for the Filipinos. Act 1870 of the 1st Philippine Legislature was signed to establish UP to provide "advanced instruction in literature, philosophy, the sciences and arts, and to give professional and technical training" to eligible students regardless of "age, sex, nationality, religious belief and political affiliation". UP has institutional autonomy as the country's national university as mandated by Republic Act No. 9500 (UP Charter of 2008).

pos: Adamson University Adamson University is a private and Catholic university in Manila, Philippines, founded on June 20, 1932, by Greek immigrant George Lucas Adamson as the Adamson School of Industrial Chemistry. On February 5, 1941, the school was granted university status by the Department of Education, and on December 4, 1964, the university was turned over to the Vincentian Fathers of the Congregation of the Mission and was incorporated into the Adamson-Ozanam Education Institutions, Inc. Adamson University is also a Member of the University Athletics Association of the Philippines. Its patron saint is Saint Vincent de Paul.

neg: Asia University (Japan) The Asia University of Japan (亜細亜大学 , Ajia Daigaku ) is a private university located in Musashino, Tokyo, Japan that offers courses in Business Administration, Economics, Law, International Relations, and Urban Innovation.

neg: City University of Pasay City University of Pasay (Filipino: "Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Pasay" ), commonly abbreviated as CUPasay, is a city-controlled, public university in Pasadeña St., F.B. Harrison, Pasay City. Its major purpose is to provide education to the less-privileged yet deserving students of the City and to some others that meet admission requirements set forth by the Board of Regents.

neg: Polytechnic University of the Philippines Quezon City Polytechnic University of the Philippines Quezon City

neg: University of San Agustin The University of San Agustin (commonly referred to as San Agustin, San Ag, or USA) is a private Catholic university in Iloilo City, Philippines. With 40 initial students, it was established in 1904 as a preparatory school for boys by the Spanish Catholic missionaries under the oldest religious Roman Catholic order in the Philippines during the American colonial period, the Order of Saint Augustine (San Agustin). In 1917, it was incorporated and became "Colegio de San Agustin de Iloilo". In March 1953, San Agustin attained university status making it the first university in Western Visayas. San Agustin is the first and only Augustinian university in the Asia-Pacific region.

neg: Pangasinan State University Pangasinan State University, The university was founded in its current form in 1979, although its origins trace back to the 1920s. PSU is notable for its many locations throughout the province of Pangasinan. It is mandated to provide advanced instruction in the arts, agricultural and natural sciences as well as in technological and professional fields. Its main campus is located in Lingayen, Pangasinan. Other campuses are located in Alaminos City, Asingan, Bayambang, Binmaley, Infanta, San Carlos City, Santa Maria, and Urdaneta City. The PSU Graduate School is located in Urdaneta City and the Open University Systems (OUS) is located in Lingayen Campus and Binmaley Campus.

neg: National University of Arts and Culture, Yangon The National University of Arts and Culture, Yangon (Burmese: အမျိုးသားယဉ်ကျေးမှုနှင့် အနုပညာတက္ကသိုလ် (ရန်ကုန်) ] ) is a public university, located in Yangon, Myanmar, that offers bachelor's and post-graduate degree programs in traditional Burmese performing and visual arts. The university's primary language of instruction is in English, and it accepts interested foreign students.

neg: Archives of the University of Santo Tomas The Archives of the University of Santo Tomas (AUST), formerly known as the "Archivo de la Universidad de Santo Tomas", is located at the Miguel de Benavides Library in Manila. The AUST is the central repository of historical and rare documents pertaining to, but not exclusively, to the history of the University of Santo Tomas, one of the oldest existing universities in Asia, and the oldest institution of higher learning in the Philippines. The collections consist of historical documents such as Papal bulls, royal decrees, rare Filipiniana prints, historical treatises, addresses, sermons, novenas, catechisms in many Philippine dialects, national periodicals, and academic records of all educational institutions in the Philippines during the Spanish period. The archives is also home to the only incunabula, or books printed before 1500, in the country.

neg: Negros Oriental State University Negros Oriental State University is the only state university in Negros Oriental, Negros Island Region, Philippines, with 7 major satellite campuses. NORSU is the main campus with most academic programs and student organizations.

neg: Tabon Caves The Tabon Caves, dubbed as the "Philippines' Cradle of Civilization," are a group of caves located on Lipuun Point, north of Quezon municipality, in the south western part of the province of Palawan on Palawan Island, in the Philippines. They are part of the Lipuun Point Reservation, which has been protected by the government of the Philippines as a museum reservation to protect the caves and immediate vicinity from deforestation and to preserve the cultural artifacts present there.

neg: University of Eastern Philippines The University of Eastern Philippines is a public university in the Philippines. The University is the only comprehensive state university in Eastern Visayas, offering the largest number of undergraduate and graduate degree programs and short-term courses and certificates among the higher education institutions in the region. Its flagship campus is in Catarman, Northern Samar. The University of Eastern Philippines is the first State University in the Visayas.

neg: Ateneo Graduate School of Business The Ateneo Graduate School of Business (AGSB) is one of the top business schools in the Philippines. It is the graduate school for business of Ateneo de Manila University, a private, Roman Catholic university established by the Society of Jesus in the Philippines. Its main campus is located in the Ateneo Professional Schools Building in Rockwell Center, Makati. Aside from the Makati Campus, AGSB has satellite schools in Sta. Rosa (Laguna), Cebu City, Clark (Pampanga), and Iloilo.

neg: Philippine Christian University The Philippine Christian University or simply referred to as PCU is a private university for both boys and girls along Taft Avenue, Manila. It was founded in 1946 through the initiatives of the Laymen of the Evangelical Association of the Philippines. Originally named as "Manila Union University", it was renamed as "Philippine Christian College" (PCC). In 1976, the PCC acquired university status.

neg: Polytechnic University of the Philippines Pulilan Polytechnic University of the Philippines Pulilan Campus or PUP Pulilan (Filipino: "Politeknikong Unibersidad ng Pilipinas sa Pulilan") is PUP campus located in Municipality of Pulilan, Bulacan, Philippines

neg: Polytechnic University of the Philippines Calauan Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Calauan Laguna Campus or PUP Calauan (Filipino: "Politeknikong Unibersidad ng Pilipinas, sa Calauan") is a PUP campus located in the municipality of Calauan, Laguna province, Philippines, offering two courses, one diploma program and undergraduate programs.

neg: Autonomous University of Coahuila The Autonomous University of Coahuila ("Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila", or "UAdeC") is a state university founded in 1957. It is located in the northern Mexican state of Coahuila. The university system has three campuses — Saltillo, Torreón, and Norte — distributed among the most populated cities in the state. It perhaps the only one university in the world which is governed by a President elected for a period of 3 years by direct general balloting by the unqualified vote of both students and teachers.

neg: Dominican School Manila Dominican School Manila, founded in 1958, is a private school run by Dominican nuns. It is located at A.H. Lacson St., Sampaloc, Manila. The school is located near the University of Santo Tomas.

neg: West Visayas State University, Janiuay West Visayas State University, Janiuay is a university in Janiuay, Iloilo province, the Philippines. It is one of the four WVSU satellite campuses in the Third Congressional District of Iloilo.

neg: List of companies of the Philippines The Philippines is a sovereign island country in Southeast Asia situated in the western Pacific Ocean. It consists of about 7,641 islands that are categorized broadly under three main geographical divisions from north to south: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. The capital city of the Philippines is Manila and the most populous city is Quezon City, both part of Metro Manila.

neg: Austral University (Argentina) Austral University (in Spanish, Universidad Austral) is a private university in Argentina, based in Buenos Aires and with seats in Pilar (Buenos Aires Province) and Rosario (Santa Fe). It is ranked as the best Private University in Argentina.

neg: Muntinlupa Muntinlupa, officially the City of Muntinlupa (Filipino: "Lungsod ng Muntinlupa" ), is the southernmost city in Philippine National Capital Region. According to the ? , it has a population of . It is classified as a highly urbanized city.


query: A Dush-toh is a hair ornament traditionally worn by people of which nation that is a confederacy of several Southeastern Native American tribes?

pos: Dush-toh A dush-toh, also spelled dush-too, dush-tooh, or dush-tuh, is a traditional Caddo hair ornament worn by girls and women during dances, particularly the Turkey Dance.

pos: Caddo The Caddo Nation is a confederacy of several Southeastern Native American tribes. Their ancestors historically inhabited much of what is now East Texas, Louisiana, and portions of southern Arkansas and Oklahoma. In the early 19th century, Caddo people were forced to a reservation in Texas, then removed to Indian Territory in 1859.

neg: Tonawanda Band of Seneca The Tonawanda Band of Seneca Indians is a federally recognized tribe in the State of New York. They have maintained the traditional form of government led by hereditary Seneca chiefs ("sachems") selected by clan mothers. The Seneca are one of the original Five Nations (later six) of the "Haudenosaunee" or Iroquois Confederacy. Their people speak the Seneca language, an Iroquoian language.

neg: Alabama-Coushatta Tribe of Texas The Alabama-Coushatta Tribe of Texas is a Federally recognized tribe of Alabama and Koasati in Polk County, Texas. The tribe hosts an annual powwow in early June. These peoples are descended from members of the historic Muscogee or Creek Confederacy of numerous tribes in the southeast United States, particularly Georgia and Alabama.

neg: Yavapai Yavapai are a Native American tribe in Arizona. Historically, the Yavapai – literally “people of the sun” (from "enyaeva" “sun” + "pai" “people”) – were divided into four geographical bands who identified as separate, independent peoples: the Ɖo:lkabaya, or Western Yavapai; the Yavbe', or Northwestern Yavapai; the Guwevkabaya, or Southeastern Yavapai; and the Wi:pukba, or Northeastern Yavapai - Verde Valley Yavapai.

neg: Flag of the Cherokee Nation The Cherokee Nation is the largest of three Cherokee federally recognized tribes in the United States.

neg: Redbone (ethnicity) Redbone is a term historically used in much of the southern United States to denote a multi-racial individual or culture. In Louisiana, it also refers to a specific, geographically and ethnically distinct group.

neg: Waxhaw people The Waxhaw (also referred to as Wisacky, the Gueça and possibly Wastana) was a tribe native to what are now the counties of Lancaster, in South Carolina; and Union and Mecklenburg in North Carolina, around the area of present-day Charlotte. The Waxhaw were related to other nearby Southeastern Siouian tribes, such as the Catawba and Sugeree. It is speculated that they were culturally influenced by the Mississippian culture

neg: Shoshone The Shoshone or Shoshoni ( or ) are a Native American tribe with four large cultural/linguistic divisions:

neg: Washitaw Nation The Washitaw Nation, or "Washitaw de Dugdahmoundyah", is a group of Black Americans that claim to be a sovereign Native American nation within the boundaries of the United States. Their name is taken from that of the Ouachita tribe, who are also eponymous of the Washita River and of Washita, Oklahoma. The group is part of the sovereign citizen movement, a movement whose members generally believe that they are not subject to any statutes or proceedings at the federal, state, or municipal levels.

neg: Miami Confederacy The Miami Confederacy refers to a collection of closely related Native American tribes in 18th-century North America. The tribes included the Miami centered in Kekionga (modern-day Fort Wayne, Indiana) and their nearby Eel River band, the Piankeshaw centered near modern-day Vincennes, Indiana, the Kickapoo near modern Terre Haute, Indiana, and the Wea centered near modern-day Lafayette, Indiana.

neg: Miami people The Miami (Miami-Illinois: "Myaamiaki") are a Native American nation originally speaking one of the Algonquian languages. Among the peoples known as the Great Lakes tribes, it occupied territory that is now identified as Indiana, southwest Michigan, and western Ohio. By 1846, most of the Miami had been removed to Indian Territory (now Oklahoma). The Miami Tribe of Oklahoma is the only federally recognized tribe of Miami Indians in the United States. The Miami Nation of Indiana is an unrecognized tribe.

neg: Pedee people The Pee Dee people, also Pedee and Peedee, are American Indians of the Southeast United States. Historically, their population has been concentrated in the Piedmont of present-day South Carolina. In the 17th and 18th centuries, English colonists named the Pee Dee River and the Pee Dee region of South Carolina for the tribe.

neg: Juh Juh (also known as Ju, Ho, Whoa, and sometimes Who; c. 1825 – Sept/Oct 1883) was a warrior and leader of the Janeros local group of the Ndéndai (or Nednhi) band of the Chiricahua Apache. Prior to the 1870s, Juh was unknown in the areas controlled by the United States. He went to many wars together with the Tchihende leader Mangas Coloradas and Tsokanende leader Cochise, and was particularly close to the Bedonkohe di-yin and leader Geronimo; they grew up together even though they were from different bands. His name reportedly meant "He sees ahead" or "Long neck." He was also known as "Tan-Dɨn-Bɨl-No-Jui" - "He Brings Many Things With Him" or "Ya-Natch-Cln" - "See Far".

neg: Dalak people The Dalak are an ethnic group found mainly in western Afghanistan. Technically, the word dalak is derived from the Arabic word "dalaka" which means to rub. Their preferred self-designation is now Salmani, as the word "dalak" is seen as offensive, and the community were traditionally associated with the profession of barbering.

neg: Mille Lacs Indians The Mille Lacs Indians (Ojibwe: Misi-zaaga'iganiwininiwag), also known as the Mille Lacs and Snake River Band of Chippewa, are a Band of Indians formed from the unification of the Mille Lacs Band of Mississippi Chippewa (Ojibwe) with the Mille Lacs Band of Mdewakanton Sioux (Dakota). Today, their successor apparent Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe consider themselves as being Ojibwe, but many on their main Reservation have the "Ma'iingan" (Wolf) as their chief Doodem (Clan), which is an indicator of Dakota origins.

neg: Hesquiaht The Hesquiaht or one of the Nuu-chah-nulth peoples of the West Coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. Today the Hesquiaht are governed mostly by the Hesquiaht First Nation band government, though some are in the Tla-O-Qui-Aht First Nations, which also includes the Clayoquot and some of the Ahousaht.

neg: Pawnee people The Pawnee are a Plains Indian tribe who are headquartered in Pawnee, Oklahoma. Pawnee people are enrolled in the federally recognized Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma. Historically, they lived in Nebraska and Kansas. In the Pawnee language, the Pawnee people refer to themselves as Chaticks si Chaticks or "Men of Men."

neg: Iron Confederacy The Iron Confederacy (or "Confederation", also called in Cree: "Nehiyaw-Pwat" or in English Cree-Assiniboine) was a political and military alliance of Plains Indians of what is now Western Canada and the northern United States. This confederacy included various individual bands that allied together against common enemies. The ethnic groups that made up the Confederacy were the branches of the Cree people that moved onto the Great Plains around 1740 (the southern half of this movement eventually became the "Plains Cree" and the northern half the "Woods Cree"), the Saulteaux (Plains Ojibwa), the Assiniboine, and the Assiniboine's Canadian descendants of today, the Nakoda, plus Iroquois and Métis involved in the fur trade. The Confederacy rose to predominance on the northern Plains during the height of the North American fur trade when they operated as middlemen controlling the flow of European goods to other native nations, and the flow of furs to the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) and North West Company (NWC) trading posts. Its peoples later also played a major part in the bison (buffalo) hunt, and the pemmican trade. The decline of the fur trade and the collapse of the bison herds sapped the power of the Confederacy after the 1860s, and it could no longer act as a barrier to U.S. and Canadian expansion.

neg: Nubian wig A Nubian wig is a form of headdress worn by ancient Egyptians which is thought to imitate the thick hairstyles of the Nubian peoples (of modern Sudan), who were at various times incorporated into the Egyptian kingdom. The wig partly resembles the modern Afro hairstyle, but is most typically represented as a built-up series of layers of tightly curled plaits.

neg: Wabash Confederacy The Wabash Confederacy, also referred to as the Wabash Indians or the Wabash tribes, was a number of 18th century Native American villagers in the area of the Wabash River in what are now the U.S. states of Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio. The Wabash Indians were primarily Weas and Piankashaws, but also included Kickapoos, Mascoutens, and others. In that time and place, Native American tribes were not political units, and the villages along the Wabash were multi-tribal settlements with no centralized government. The confederacy, then, was a loose alliance of influential village leaders (sometimes called headmen or chiefs).

neg: Cherokee Nation of Mexico The Cherokee Nation of Mexico, also known as the Cherokee Nation of Sequoyah of Mexico, Texas, and U.S.A. Reservation and Church is an organization of individuals who claim descent from Cherokee people who migrated to Mexico in the 19th century. They are an unrecognized tribe with a presence in Zaragoza, Coahuila, Mexico. According to Robert J. Conley, the Cherokee Nation of Mexico is recognized by the state of Coahuilla; however, according to the Instituto Nacional de Lenguas Indígenas, which manages the official surveys of indigenous groups in Mexico, the only indigenous peoples in Coahuila are the Kickapoo people.


query: What was the nickname of Anthony Salerno, a large cigar-chomping New York mob boss said to be involved in the killing of Tom "The Greek" Kapatos in 1977?

pos: Tom Kapatos Thomas Kapatos, also known as "The Greek" (died January 22, 1977) was a New York City mobster and an enforcer to Mickey Spillane during his war against Jimmy Coonan during the 1960s. He was born to Greek-American emigrants from Karpathos and his last name "Kapatos" is derived from the island. On the afternoon of January 22, 1977, Kapatos was gunned down on West 34th Street by a hired assassin in the employ of Anthony "Fat Tony" Salerno; he had been one of many of who had been killed in a six-month killing spree to secretly eliminate Spillane's associates.

pos: Anthony Salerno Anthony "Fat Tony" Salerno (August 15, 1911 – July 27, 1992) was a New York mobster who served as underboss and front boss of the Genovese crime family from 1981 until his conviction in 1986. Usually seen wearing a fedora and chomping on a cigar, he was nicknamed "Fat Tony" due to his size.

neg: Stefano Bontade Stefano Bontade (April 23, 1939 – April 23, 1981) was a powerful member of the Sicilian Mafia. He was commonly called "Bontade" but the actual surname is Bontate. He was the boss of the Santa Maria di Gesù Family in Palermo. He was also known as the "Prince of Villagrazia" − the area of Palermo he controlled − and "Il Falco" (the Falcon). He had links with several powerful politicians in Sicily with links to former prime minister Giulio Andreotti. In 1981 he was killed by the rival faction within Cosa Nostra, the Corleonesi. His death sparked a brutal Mafia War that left several hundred mafiosi dead.

neg: Giovanni Inzerillo Giovanni Inzerillo (born in Brooklyn, New York, April 30, 1972), is a construction entrepreneur and son of Salvatore Inzerillo, a notorious Sicilian Mafia boss who was killed in May 1981 on the orders of Mafia boss Salvatore "Totò" Riina during the Second Mafia War.

neg: Stefano Magaddino Stefano "The Undertaker" Magaddino (October 10, 1891 – July 19, 1974) was a Sicilian mafioso who became the boss of the Buffalo crime family in western New York. His underworld influence stretched from Ohio to Southern Ontario and as far east as Montreal, Quebec. Known as "Don Stefano" to his friends and "The Undertaker" to others, he was also a charter member of the American Mafia's ruling council, otherwise known as The Commission.

neg: Nicola Gentile Nicola Gentile (June 12, 1885 – November 6, 1966), also known as Nick Gentile, was a Sicilian mafioso and an organized crime figure in New York City during the 1920s and 1930s. He was also known for publishing his memoirs which, violating the mafiosi code known as "omerta", revealed many details of the Sicilian and American underworld. Gentile was born in Siculiana, a small village on the south coast of Sicily in the province of Agrigento. He immigrated to the United States arriving in New York at age 18, in 1903. Gentile fled the country in 1937 while out on $15,000 bail after an arrest for heroin trafficking and returned to Sicily to become a boss in the Sicilian Cosa Nostra. In the US, he was known as "Nick" and in Sicily as "Zu Cola" (Uncle Cola).

neg: Frank Locascio Frank "Frankie Loc" Locascio (born 1933) is a New York mobster who became the Consigliere to the Gambino crime family, under boss to John Gotti. He was one of Gotti's closest lieutenants.

neg: Joseph Cantalupo Joseph "Joey" Cantalupo was an American Mafia associate from the Colombo Crime Family and later for being government informant.

neg: Frank Coppa Anthony Coppa Sr. (born September 11, 1941) is a Sicilian-American gangster in the Bonanno crime family who was a close friend of Joseph Massino and Frank Lino and made large sums of money in stock fraud schemes. In 2002, Coppa became the first Bonanno made man to turn state's evidence.

neg: John DiFronzo John DiFronzo (born December 13, 1928), known as John "No Nose" DiFronzo is an American mobster and the reputed current boss of the Chicago Outfit.

neg: Sammy Gravano Salvatore "Sammy the Bull" Gravano (born March 12, 1945) is a former underboss of the Gambino crime family. He is known as the man who helped bring down John Gotti, the family's boss, by agreeing to testify against him and other mobsters in a deal in which he confessed to involvement in 19 murders.

neg: Anthony Centracchio Anthony Centracchio (October 12, 1929 – August 6, 2001) was a reputed mob boss in the Chicago Outfit who died in 2001 while awaiting trial on federal racketeering charges.

neg: Philadelphia Greek Mob Philadelphia's Greek Mob, or the Greek Mafia, are a low-profile criminal organization of ethnic Greek Americans in Philadelphia with alleged connections to the Italian Philadelphia crime family. They were formed in southern Greece by the original boss Steve Kondonyanis. Kondonyanis also had strong ties with the Efthimiades family of Macedonia in Northern Greece. When the Efthimiades family was run out of power in the 1960s, Kondonyanis decided to move his operations to the culturally diverse America. When Kondonyanis was sentenced to jail to serve life for murder, mobster Chelsais Bouras took over.

neg: Sam Battaglia Salvatore Joseph "Teets" Battaglia (November 5, 1908 – September 7, 1973) was a Chicago mobster and high-level member of the Chicago Outfit criminal organization.

neg: Frank Ragano Frank Ragano (January 25, 1923 – May 13, 1998) was a self-styled "mob lawyer" from Florida, who made his name representing organized crime figures such as Santo Trafficante, Jr. and Carlos Marcello, and also served as lawyer for Teamsters leader Jimmy Hoffa. In his 1994 autobiography "Mob Lawyer", Ragano recounted his career in defending members of organized crime, and made the controversial allegation that Florida mob boss Santo Trafficante, Jr. confessed to him shortly before he died in 1987 that he and Carlos Marcello had arranged for the assassination of President John F. Kennedy in 1963. These Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories have been called into serious question by others.

neg: Ralph Capone Ralph "Bottles" Capone, Sr., (January 12, 1894 – November 22, 1974) was a Chicago mobster and an older brother of Al Capone and Frank Capone. Ralph Capone got the nickname "Bottles" not from involvement in the Capone bootlegging empire, but from his running the legitimate non-alcoholic beverage and bottling operations in Chicago. Further family lore suggests that the nickname was specifically tied to his lobbying the Illinois Legislature to put into law that milk bottling companies had to stamp the date that the milk was bottled on the bottle. He was most famous for being named by the Chicago Crime Commission "Public Enemy Number Three" when his brother Al was "Public Enemy Number One".

neg: Mikey Coppola Michael J. Coppola (born in May 18, 1946), also known as "Mikey Cigars", is an American mobster and captain in the Genovese crime family. He has been a key figure in the Genovese crime family New Jersey faction. It is unknown if he is related to Michael "Trigger Mike" Coppola, who was also a member of the Genovese family. He made national headlines when he went into hiding for 11 years to avoid a possible murder conviction.

neg: Anthony Trentacosta Anthony Trentacosta (September 12, 1940 - December 25, 2005), also known as "Tony Pep", was a New York mobster and Caporegime with the Gambino crime family who headed one of their factions in South Florida.

neg: Giuseppe Greco Giuseppe "Pino" Greco (4 January 1952 – September 1985) was a hitman and high-ranking member of the Sicilian Mafia. A number of sources refer to him exclusively as Pino Greco, although Giuseppe was his Christian name; "Pino" is a frequent abbreviation of the name Giuseppe.

neg: Frank Sindone Frank Sindone (1928 – October 29, 1980), also known as "Barracuda Frank", was a loan shark and soldier in the Bruno crime family who helped plot the 1980 murder of family mob boss Angelo Bruno.

neg: Gerard Ouimette Gerard Thomas Ouimette (March 6, 1940 – April 19, 2015), commonly known as the Frenchman, was an American mobster from Providence, Rhode Island who was a prominent associate of the Patriarca crime family. He served for years as one of Raymond L. S. Patriarca's lieutenants, and also headed his own faction of the Patriarca mob.

neg: James Napoli James "Jimmy Nap" Napoli (November 4, 1911 – December 29, 1992) was a New York mobster who was a Caporegime in the Genovese crime family. From the 1950s to the 1980s, he controlled one of the largest illegal gambling operations in the United States.


query: The Thomas–Fermi equation was named in part after the physicist who was the creator of which first nuclear reactor?

pos: Thomas–Fermi equation In mathematics, the Thomas–Fermi equation is a second order non-linear ordinary differential equation, named after Llewellyn Thomas and Enrico Fermi, which describes the semi-classical description of charge density of a high atomic number atom under the Thomas–Fermi model. The equation reads

pos: Enrico Fermi Enrico Fermi ( ; ] ; 29 September 1901 – 28 November 1954) was an Italian physicist and the creator of the world's first nuclear reactor, the Chicago Pile-1. He has been called the "architect of the nuclear age" and the "architect of the atomic bomb". He was one of the very few physicists in history to excel both theoretically and experimentally. Fermi held several patents related to the use of nuclear power, and was awarded the 1938 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on induced radioactivity by neutron bombardment and the discovery of transuranic elements. He made significant contributions to the development of quantum theory, nuclear and particle physics, and statistical mechanics.

neg: Thomas Gerald Pickavance Thomas Gerald Pickavance CBE, FRS (19 October 1915 – 12 November 1991) was a British nuclear physicist who was a leading authority on the design and use of particle accelerators. He was generally known as Gerry Pickavance.

neg: Philip Morrison Philip Morrison (November 7, 1915 – April 22, 2005) was a professor of physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). He is known for his work on the Manhattan Project during World War II, and for his later work in quantum physics, nuclear physics and high energy astrophysics.

neg: Norman Foster Ramsey Jr. Norman Foster Ramsey Jr. (August 27, 1915 – November 4, 2011) was an American physicist who was awarded the 1989 Nobel Prize in Physics, for the invention of the separated oscillatory field method, which had important applications in the construction of atomic clocks. A physics professor at Harvard University for most of his career, Ramsey also held several posts with such government and international agencies as NATO and the United States Atomic Energy Commission. Among his other accomplishments are helping to found the United States Department of Energy's Brookhaven National Laboratory and Fermilab.

neg: Edward Condon Edward Uhler Condon (March 2, 1902 – March 26, 1974) was a distinguished American nuclear physicist, a pioneer in quantum mechanics, and a participant in the development of radar and nuclear weapons during World War II as part of the Manhattan Project. The Franck–Condon principle and the Slater–Condon rules are co-named after him.

neg: Thomas–Fermi model The Thomas–Fermi (TF) model, named after Llewellyn Thomas and Enrico Fermi, is a quantum mechanical theory for the electronic structure of many-body systems developed semiclassically shortly after the introduction of the Schrödinger equation. It stands separate from wave function theory as being formulated in terms of the electronic density alone and as such is viewed as a precursor to modern density functional theory. The TF model is correct only in the limit of an infinite nuclear charge. Using the approximation for realistic systems yields poor quantitative predictions, even failing to reproduce some general features of the density such as shell structure in atoms and Friedel oscillations in solids. It has, however, found modern applications in many fields through the ability to extract qualitative trends analytically and with the ease at which the model can be solved. The kinetic energy expression of Thomas–Fermi theory is also used as a component in more sophisticated density approximation to the kinetic energy within modern orbital-free density functional theory.

neg: Maxwell's thermodynamic surface Maxwell’s thermodynamic surface is an 1874 sculpture made by Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879). This model provides a three-dimensional plot of the various states of a fictitious substance with water-like properties. This plot has coordinates volume (x), entropy (y), and energy (z). It was based on the American scientist Josiah Willard Gibbs’ graphical thermodynamics papers of 1873. The model, in Maxwell's words, allowed "the principal features of known substances [to] be represented on a convenient scale."

neg: Heinz-Jürgen Kluge Heinz-Jürgen Kluge, known as Jürgen Kluge (born 25 April 1941), is a physicist probably best known for the development of ion-storage devices and methods for accurate measurements of nuclear masses.

neg: Bogdan Maglich Bogdan Castle Maglich (also spelled Maglic or Maglić) (born August 5, 1928 in Sombor, Yugoslavia) is an experimental nuclear physicist and the leading advocate of a purported non-radioactive aneutronic fusion energy source. Maglich built 4 models of "Migma", devices producing fusion of deuterium atoms in colliding ion beams.

neg: Stagg Field Amos Alonzo Stagg Field is the name of two different football fields for the University of Chicago. The earliest Stagg Field (1893-1957) is probably best remembered for its role in a landmark scientific achievement by Enrico Fermi during the Manhattan Project. The site of the first artificial nuclear chain reaction, which occured within the west viewing stands structure, received designation as a National Historic Landmark on February 18, 1965. On October 15, 1966, which is the day that the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 was enacted creating the National Register of Historic Places, it was added to that as well. The site was named a Chicago Landmark on October 27, 1971.

neg: Victor Weisskopf Victor Frederick "Viki" Weisskopf (September 19, 1908 – April 22, 2002) was an Austrian-born American theoretical physicist. He did postdoctoral work with Werner Heisenberg, Erwin Schrödinger, Wolfgang Pauli and Niels Bohr. During World War II he was Group Leader of the Theoretical Division of the Manhattan Project at Los Alamos, and later campaigned against the proliferation of nuclear weapons.

neg: John Cockcroft Sir John Douglas Cockcroft, (27 May 1897 – 18 September 1967) was a British physicist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1951 for splitting the atomic nucleus with Ernest Walton, and was instrumental in the development of nuclear power.

neg: Ernest Walton Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton (6 October 1903 – 25 June 1995) was an Irish physicist and Nobel laureate for his work with John Cockcroft with "atom-smashing" experiments done at Cambridge University in the early 1930s, and so became the first person in history to artificially split the atom.

neg: Percy White (nuclear scientist) Percival Albert Frederick White OBE (16 July 1916 – 8 January 2013) was a British chemist, metallurgist and nuclear scientist who was involved in the creation and testing of Britain's first nuclear weapon during Operation Hurricane in 1952. He also made significant contributions to the advancement of explosives manufacturing, chemical engineering and civilian nuclear technology, and authored numerous books on engineering.

neg: James Ross MacDonald James Ross Macdonald (born February 27, 1923), is a physicist, who was instrumental in building up the Central Research laboratories of Texas Instruments (TI).

neg: Thomas Eugene Everhart Thomas Eugene Everhart FREng (born February 15, 1932, Kansas City, Missouri) is an American educator and physicist. His area of expertise is the physics of electron beams. Together with Richard F. M. Thornley he designed the Everhart-Thornley detector. These detectors are still in use in scanning electron microscopes, even though the first such detector was made available as early as 1956.

neg: Fermi–Ulam model The Fermi–Ulam model (FUM) is a dynamical system that was introduced by Polish mathematician Stanislaw Ulam in 1961.

neg: George Gamow George Gamow (March 4 [O.S. February 20] 1904 August 19, 1968), born Georgiy Antonovich Gamov (Russian: Гео́ргий Анто́нович Га́мов ; ] ), was a theoretical physicist and cosmologist. He was an early advocate and developer of Lemaître's Big Bang theory. He discovered a theoretical explanation of alpha decay via quantum tunneling, and worked on radioactive decay of the atomic nucleus, star formation, stellar nucleosynthesis and Big Bang nucleosynthesis (which he collectively called nucleocosmogenesis), and molecular genetics.

neg: Pierre Marie Gallois Pierre Marie Gallois (29 June 1911 – 24 August 2010) was a French air force brigadier general and geopolitician. He was instrumental in the constitution of the French nuclear arsenal. This earned him the nickname of "father of the French atom bomb". However, Bruno Tertrais, a research fellow at the Fondation pour la Recherche Stratégique, argued in "Destruction Assurée : The Origins and Development of French Nuclear Strategy, 1945-1981," an essay in Henry Sokolski, ed., Getting Mad: Nuclear mutual assured destruction, its origins and practice, that other contemporaries of Gallois in the community of French defense intellectuals deserve a greater share of the credit.

neg: Bateman equation In nuclear physics, the Bateman equation is a mathematical model describing abundances and activities in a decay chain as a function of time, based on the decay rates and initial abundances. The model was formulated by Ernest Rutherford in 1905 and the analytical solution was provided by Harry Bateman in 1910.

neg: Raoul Pictet Raoul-Pierre Pictet (4 April 1846 – 27 July 1929) was a Swiss physicist and the first person to liquefy nitrogen.


query: Which region in China is larger, Jiutai District or Nanchang?

pos: Nanchang Nanchang () is the capital of Jiangxi Province in southeastern China. s of 2010 , a population of 5,042,565 live in the prefecture, in which 2,357,838 live in the area made up of all five urban districts. Located in the north-central part of the province, it is bounded on the west by the Jiuling Mountains, and on the east by Poyang Lake. Because of its strategic location connecting the prosperous East and South China, it has become a major railway hub in Southern China in recent decades.

pos: Jiutai District Jiutai () is a district under the jurisdiction of Changchun, the capital of Jilin province, People's Republic of China. The district is surrounded by agricultural areas and is located around 50 km northeast of downtown Changchun. Coal mining also is present in Jiutai. It borders Dehui to the north, Erdao District to the southwest, Kuancheng District to the west, as well as the prefecture-level city of Jilin to the south and east.

neg: Fangcun, Guangzhou Fangcun (), formerly known as Fati (), from its Cantonese pronunciation, is a former area of Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China. It lay to the southwest of Guangzhou's central business district and south of the Pearl River. It was well known for its flower cultivation as early as the 9th century. Fangcun became an independent district of Guangzhou known as the Fangcun District, then merged with the Liwan District in 2005.

neg: Shiguai District Shiguai District or Xiguit District (Mongolian: ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ "Siɣuyitu toɣoriɣ", Шигуай тойрог; ) is an outlying district of Baotou, the largest city of Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China.

neg: Nanshan District, Hegang Nanshan District () is an administrative subdivision of the province of Heilongjiang, China. It is under the jurisdiction of the prefecture-level city of Hegang.

neg: Gulou District, Nanjing Gulou District () is one of 11 districts of Nanjing, the capital of Jiangsu province, China.

neg: Ji'an Ji'an () is a prefecture-level city situated in the central region of Jiangxi province of the People's Republic of China while bordering Hunan province to the west. It has an area of 25,219 km² and as of the 2010 census, had a population of 4,810,339, of whom 538,699 live in the built-up ("or metro") area made of 2 urban districts. Ji'an lies next to the Luoxiao Mountains (罗霄山脉) with the Gan River (赣江) running through the middle of the city. Local dialects include a form of Gan Chinese (Jicha subgroup, 吉茶片) as well as Hakka Chinese.

neg: Annan District Annan District () is a coastal district located in the west of Tainan, Taiwan. It was the largest district in Tainan City before the city was enlarged in 2010.

neg: Jizhou District, Tianjin Jizhou District () is a district in the far north of the municipality of Tianjin, People's Republic of China, holding cultural and historical significance ("e.g"., the Buddhist Temple of Solitary Joy) formerly a county known as Jixian.

neg: Zhabei District Zhabei, formerly romanized as Chapei, was a district of Shanghai with a land area of 29.26 km² and a resident population of 847,300 as of 2013. It is one of the downtown districts of Shanghai. It is the location of the Shanghai Railway Station, one of the main railway stations of Shanghai. On November 4, 2015, Zhabei was merged into the smaller but more central Jing'an District.

neg: Ranghulu District Ranghulu District () is a district of Daqing, Heilongjiang province, China.

neg: Zhonghe District Zhonghe District (, Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tiong-hô Khu), historically spelled Chung-Ho and Jhonghe, is an inner city district in New Taipei in northern Taiwan (Republic of China). Zhonghe is a burgeoning satellite city of Taipei.

neg: Changping Township, Fusui County Changping (; zhuang: Canghbingz Yangh) is a Township under the administration of Fusui County in southern Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. , it had an area of 196 km2 populated by 25,054 people residing in 1 residential communities (社区) and 8 villages.

neg: Jinfeng District Jinfeng District () is a district under the administration of Yinchuan city in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. It has a total area of 290 square kilometers, and, according to the 2010 China Census, a population of 282,554 people.

neg: Acheng District Acheng District, formerly Acheng County, (Manchu Language : Alcuka Hoton) is one of nine districts of Harbin, the capital of Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China, covering part of the southeastern suburbs. s of 2010 , it had a population of 596,856 residing in an area of 2680 km2 , and is 29 km southeast of downtown Harbin, 190 km north of Jilin City, and around 50 km south of the Songhua River. It lies within the basin of and until 1909 was considered synonymous with the Ashi River which gave its name to the Jurchen Jin Dynasty. The district administers nine subdistricts, eight towns, one township, and one ethnic township. It borders Daowai District to the north, Bin County to the northeast, Shangzhi to the southeast, and Wuchang to the south, Shuangcheng District to the west, and Pingfang and Xiangfang Districts to the northwest.

neg: Dongchang District Dongchang District () is a district of Tonghua, Jilin, China.

neg: Maiji District The Maiji District is a district of the prefecture-level city of Tianshui in Gansu Province, China.

neg: Changzhou District Changzhou District () is a district of Guangxi, China. It is under the administration of Wuzhou city.

neg: Nanzheng District Nanzheng District (), formerly Nanzheng County (), is a district of Hanzhong, Shaanxi province, China.

neg: Nanchuan District Nanchuan () is a district and former county of Chongqing, China.

neg: Liugui District, Kaohsiung Liougui District () is a rural district of Kaohsiung City, Taiwan. It is the third largest district in Kaohsiung City after Tauyuan District and Namasia District.

neg: Niujie Niujie ( "Oxen Street") is a neighborhood at Guang'anmen, in Xicheng District in southwest Beijing. The name "Niujie" can refer to the street "Niujie" or to the neighborhood "Niujie". The community was previously in Xuanwu District before the district was merged into Xicheng in 2010.


query: Who co-produced the single with which Coldplay became popular?

pos: A Rush of Blood to the Head A Rush of Blood to the Head is the second studio album by the British rock band Coldplay. It was released on 26 August 2002 by Parlophone in the United Kingdom, and a day later by Capitol Records in the United States. The album was produced by the band and producer Ken Nelson. Recording started after the band became popular worldwide with the release of their debut album "Parachutes" (2000), and one of its singles in particular, "Yellow". The album makes greater use of electric guitar and piano than its predecessor.

pos: Yellow (Coldplay song) "Yellow" is a song by the British rock band Coldplay. The band wrote the song and co-produced it with British record producer Ken Nelson for their debut album, "Parachutes" (2000). The song's lyrics are a reference to the band's lead singer Chris Martin's unrequited love.

neg: Fading (song) "Fading" is a song by Barbadian recording artist Rihanna from her fifth studio album, "Loud" (2010). The song was written by Jamal Jones and Ester Dean, whilst production of the song was completed by Jones under his production name, Polow da Don. Musically, the song samples Irish instrumentalist and singer-songwriter Enya' s "One by One", whilst lyrically, the song is about leaving a man in a relationship. After "Loud" had strong digital download sales in the United Kingdom, "Fading" charted at number 187 on that country's singles chart in November 2010. The song received generally positive reviews from music critics, who praised da Don's production, but one critic criticized Rihanna for copying herself and failing to create something different. Some critics also compared it to one of Rihanna's previous singles, "Take A Bow". The song has also been performed on select dates of the Loud Tour (2011).

neg: Princess of China "Princess of China" is a duet recorded by British rock band Coldplay and Barbadian singer Rihanna for Coldplay's fifth studio album "Mylo Xyloto". The song was written by band members Guy Berryman, Jonny Buckland, Will Champion, and Chris Martin, along with Brian Eno, and is influenced by the music genres of electronic rock, electropop and R&B. The song was released as the fourth single from "Mylo Xyloto" and was sent to US Mainstream radio on 14 February 2012. It was later released as a digital download on 13 April 2012. A companion EP to the single, featuring an acoustic version of the song, was released on 1 June 2012.

neg: Will Champion William Champion (born 31 July 1978) is an English musician. multi-instrumentalist and singer. He is best known as the drummer and backing vocalist for the rock band Coldplay.

neg: Cold (Maxwell song) "Cold" is a song written by American R&B/soul singer Maxwell and Hod David. The song is the B-side to his number-one R&B hit single "Pretty Wings", and released from his album "BLACKsummers'night". Cold was released as a single in June 2009, peaking to number-one on "Billboard's" Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles Sales and number-two on Hot 100 Singles Sales.

neg: Ice on Fire Ice on Fire, released in November 1985, is the nineteenth official album release for Elton John. Recorded at Sol Studios, it was his first album since "Blue Moves" produced by his original long-time producer, Gus Dudgeon, who was responsible for John's success in that timespan, but it was met with little praise, and only reached #48 on the US charts, although it reached #3 in the UK. George Michael, then of Wham!, appears on two tracks on the album: "Nikita" and "Wrap Her Up".

neg: Timber (Coldcut and Hexstatic song) "Timber" is a song by UK dance act Coldcut with Hexstatic.

neg: Cold Turkey "Cold Turkey" is a song written by John Lennon, released as a single in 1969 by the Plastic Ono Band on Apple Records, catalogue Apples 1001 in the United Kingdom, Apple 1813 in the United States. It is the second solo single issued by Lennon, and it peaked at number 30 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 and number 14 on the UK Singles Chart. The song's first appearance on an album was "Live Peace in Toronto 1969" where the song had been performed live on 13 September 1969 with Lennon reading the lyrics off a clip-board.

neg: X&Y X&Y (stylized as X & Y) is the third studio album by the British rock band Coldplay. It was released on 6 June 2005 by Parlophone in the United Kingdom, and a day later by Capitol Records in the United States. The album was produced by Coldplay and producer Danton Supple. It is noted for its troubled and urgent development, with producer Ken Nelson having originally been tasked with producing much of the album; however, many songs written during his sessions were discarded owing to the band's dissatisfaction with them. The album's cover art is a combination of colours and blocks, which is a representation of the Baudot code.

neg: Blue Monday (New Order song) "Blue Monday" is a song by the English rock/dance band New Order. It was released as a 12-inch single on 7 March 1983 through Factory Records and later remade by the band in 1988 and 1995. The song has been widely remixed and covered since its original release, and became a popular anthem in the dance club scene. It is the best-selling 12" single of all time. The song has been widely acclaimed and according to Acclaimed Music, the song is the 33rd most acclaimed song of all time.

neg: That's What Friends Are For (Modern Romance song) "That's What Friends Are For" is a single by UK band Modern Romance. It was released in 1984 as a 7-inch single and 12-inch single by RCA Records and was produced by Tony Visconti. It is taken from their studio album "Burn It!" (1984) as is the B-side, "(Blame My) Jealousy".

neg: Gravity (Embrace song) "Gravity" is the 2004 lead single from "Out of Nothing", the fourth album by English rock band Embrace. Written by Coldplay, the song was first performed live by that group in 2002. Ultimately, Coldplay frontman Chris Martin gave the song to Embrace, although Coldplay released their own version in 2005, as a B-side to the single "Talk".

neg: One Good Woman "One Good Woman" is a popular song from 1988 by Peter Cetera, formerly the lead singer of the rock band Chicago. Cetera co-wrote and co-produced the track with Patrick Leonard, and the song was included on Cetera's 1988 album "One More Story".

neg: Loud Music (song) "Loud Music" is a single by Michelle Branch originally intended to be the first from her fourth studio album, "West Coast Time", but ultimately the album went unreleased. The single was included on "The Loud Music Hits EP" instead. It was officially released to iTunes on June 10, 2011. It was co-written and produced by British team Jim Irvin and Julian Emery.

neg: Life on Your Own "Life on Your Own" is a song by the British synthpop group The Human League. Written jointly by lead singer Philip Oakey, Keyboard players Jo Callis and Adrian Wright, it was recorded at AIR Studios between 1983-1984. Originally an album track on "Hysteria", it was then released as a single in the UK.

neg: Gym and Tonic "Gym and Tonic" is a single released by British production duo Spacedust. Released on 12 October 1998, it peaked at No. 1 on the UK Singles Chart; however, it was the lowest-selling UK number-one song of 1998, reaching No. 109 on the year-end chart.

neg: Shape of My Heart "Shape of My Heart" is a song by American boy band Backstreet Boys, written and produced by Max Martin and Rami, and co-written by Lisa Miskovsky. It was released as the lead single from the band's fourth studio album, "Black & Blue", on October 3, 2000, and debuted at number nine on the "Billboard" Hot 100 in the United States, while reaching number eight on the "Billboard" Top 40 Mainstream chart.

neg: Breakfast at Sweethearts (song) "Breakfast at Sweethearts" was a song from Australian rock band Cold Chisel. Written by keyboardist Don Walker, it was released as a single in 1979, peaking at number 63 on the Australian charts. It appeared as a track on the album of the same name.

neg: Death and All His Friends "Death and All His Friends" is a song by British rock band Coldplay. It was written by all members of the band for their fourth album, "Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends". The song begins with Chris Martin singing softly to a piano accompaniment before morphing into an uplifting arrangement featuring drums, chiming guitars, and a choir recorded in an art gallery in Barcelona. A hidden song featured on the album, entitled "The Escapist", shares this track with "Death and All His Friends", bringing the length of the track up to over six minutes. A brief 40 second section of "The Escapist" is what begins "Life in Technicolor" making the album cyclical.

neg: 10 Minutes (Inna song) "10 Minutes" is a song by Romanian dance/pop vocalist Inna extracted from her debut studio album "Hot (2009)". Released on 25 January 2010, the single acts as the fifth release from her full-length record. "10 Minutes" was written and produced by the Play & Win-members Radu Bolfea, Sebastian Barac and Marcel Botezan, and was released digitally and physically mid 2010. The official music video for the single was shot in London, United Kingdom by Paul Boyd and premiered on 29 June 2010 on Inna's YouTube channel. Lyrically, "10 Minutes" speaks about partying and going to clubs. It is a house song, more influenced by American music than its predecessor "Amazing". "10 Minutes" peaked at number-eight on the French Singles Chart, making it Inna's fourth song in-a-row to enter the chart's top-ten.

neg: Loving You (Matt Cardle and Melanie C song) "Loving You" is a single by English recording artists Matt Cardle and Melanie C. It was written by Cardle, Jez Ashurst, Will Talbot, Jamie Scott, and Melanie C, and it was produced by Cardle, Scott, and Toby Smith. It features Cardle on drums and acoustic guitar. The single was released on 18 August 2013 in the United Kingdom as a digital download as the lead single from his third studio album "Porcelain" (2013). It has also been released in many countries worldwide, making it the first of his singles to be released outside the United Kingdom and Ireland. Despite only BBC Radio 2 playlisiting the song, which meant a lack of airplay on radio overall, it performed well in the charts.