query: What type of group does Andi Kravljaca and Darby Crash have in common?

pos: Andi Kravljaca Andi Kravljaca is a Bosnian-born Swedish heavy metal singer. His main band is the progressive metal band Aeon Zen, although he is perhaps best known as vocalist for Swedish progressive metal band, Seventh Wonder, appearing on the band's first album, Become, in 2005. He was born in Sarajevo.

pos: Darby Crash Darby Crash (formerly Bobby Pyn; born Jan Paul Beahm; September 26, 1958 – December 7, 1980) was an American punk rock vocalist and songwriter who, along with long-time friend Pat Smear (born Georg Ruthenberg), co-founded the punk rock band the Germs. He committed suicide by way of an intentional heroin overdose. In the years since his suicide at the age of 22, the Germs have attained legendary status among punk rock fans and musicians alike, as well as from the wider alternative rock and underground music community in general. Crash has come to be revered as a unique and talented songwriter; his myriad literary, musical and philosophical influences, which varied from Friedrich Nietzsche and David Bowie to Charles Manson and Adolf Hitler, resulted in lyrics that were unusually wordy and impressionistic in the realm of punk rock at the time, immediately setting Crash and his band apart from most other Los Angeles punk groups that sprang up in the late 1970s.

neg: Avi Weiss Avraham Haim Yosef (Avi) haCohen Weiss (Hebrew: אברהם חיים יוסף הכהן ווייס ; born June 24, 1944) is an American Modern Orthodox ordained rabbi, author, teacher, lecturer, and activist who heads the Hebrew Institute of Riverdale in The Bronx, New York, from which he will be retired in 2015. He is the founder of Yeshivat Chovevei Torah, a rabbinical seminary he refers to as "Open Orthodox", a term he coined to describe an offshoot of Modern Orthodoxy, founder of Yeshivat Maharat for Orthodox women, co-founder of the International Rabbinical Fellowship, an Open Orthodox rabbinical association founded as a liberal alternative to the Modern Orthodox Rabbinical Council of America, and founder of the grassroots organization Coalition for Jewish Concerns – Amcha.

neg: Crash (1978 film) Crash (also known as "The Crash of Flight 401") is a made-for-TV docudrama released in 1978, based on the true story of the first crash of a wide-body aircraft, that of Eastern Airlines Flight 401, a Lockheed L-1011 TriStar which crashed in the Florida Everglades near Miami on the night of December 29, 1972. The film more or less follows the true events of the crash, although the names of key characters were changed and certain dramatic events were fictionalized. The crash sequence was one of the most authentic (and expensive) for television of the time, using multiple stunts, pyrotechnics and flyaway set pieces.

neg: Chicago Dance Crash Chicago Dance Crash is an American hip hop/contemporary dance company based in Chicago, Illinois. Employing an eight-member ensemble and several artistic associates, the company tours year round while sustaining a calendar year ‘season’ of local premiers and commercial work as well as a spring/fall educational outreach program. The company has received widespread critical acclaim while being considered one of the most notable American dance companies to emerge during the first decade of the 2000’s.

neg: Nachna Onda Nei Nachna Onda Nei (Punjabi: ਨਚਣਾ ਓੰਦਾ ਨਹੀਂ, نچنا اوندا نہیں) is a song by Scottish bhangra group Tigerstyle with Kaka Bhaniawala on lead vocals. It is a mash-up of "Billie Jean" by Michael Jackson and "Under Pressure" by Queen ft. David Bowie with new bhangra-style vocals being sung over the top. The song also uses a sample of "Fantastic Voyage" by Coolio (which itself relies heavily on samples from "Fantastic Voyage" by Lakeside).

neg: Crash the Party Crash the Party is the debut studio album by the Orlando, Florida rap duo Smilez and Southstar. The album was primarily produced by Dakari

neg: Nouveau Riche (Philadelphia band) Nouveau Riche was a Philadelphia based music group led by Dice Raw and Nikki Jean.

neg: Crash Commando Crash Commando is a downloadable game for the PlayStation 3. It was released on December 18, 2008.

neg: Darby Slick Darby Slick is an American guitarist and songwriter, best known as a former member of The Great Society, and as the writer of the Jefferson Airplane song, "Somebody to Love". In 1965, he co-founded The Great Society with his brother Jerry Slick, Jenn Piersol, and his sister-in-law Grace Slick (David Miner and Bard Du Pont would join shortly after). Darby played lead guitar and occasionally performed backup vocals early on and less often towards the disbanding. He wrote some other songs for The Great Society, including "Free Advice" and "Darkly Smiling".

neg: Outlaw motorcycle club An outlaw motorcycle club is a motorcycle subculture that has its roots in the immediate post-World War II era of American society. It is generally centered on the use of cruiser motorcycles, particularly Harley-Davidsons and choppers, and a set of ideals that celebrate freedom, nonconformity to mainstream culture and loyalty to the biker group.

neg: Crashcarburn CrashCarBurn is a rock band from South Africa. The band was formed in London in 2006 before returning to South Africa in early 2007.

neg: W.I.C.K.E.D. W.I.C.K.E.D. (short for Wish I Could Kill Every Day) is the seventh studio album by American hip hop group Twiztid. Released on March 17, 2009, it is the group's highest charting album, peaking at #11 on the "Billboard" 200. The album is also the fourth-highest charting album in Psychopathic Records history, beaten only by Insane Clown Posse's "The Amazing Jeckel Brothers", "Bang! Pow! Boom!", and "The Mighty Death Pop!", all of which peaked at #4.

neg: The Crash Crew The Crash Crew is the self-titled first studio album by hip hop group Crash Crew, released in 1984 through Sugar Hill Records.

neg: Balkan Beat Box Balkan Beat Box (BBB) is an Israeli musical group founded by Tamir Muskat, Ori Kaplan and now including Tomer Yosef as a core member. The group plays Mediterranean-influenced music that incorporates Jewish, Southeastern Europe (mainly Balkan) and Middle Eastern traditions, Gypsy punk, reggae and electronica. As a musical unit they often collaborate with a host of other musicians both in the studio as well as live.

neg: CRaSH CRaSH is an open-source Command Line Interface, written in Java. The Common Reusable SHell (CRaSH) deploys in a Java runtime and provides interactions with the JVM. Commands are written in Groovy and can be developed at runtime making the extension of the shell very easy with fast development cycle.

neg: Death in Vegas Death in Vegas are an English electronic music group, headed up by Richard Fearless. Influenced by a wide range of musical genres including psychedelic rock, electronica, krautrock, dub and industrial, the band's sound is constantly changing, moving between live rock sounds, electronica and minimal techno. The band was formed in 1994 by Fearless and Steve Hellier and signed to Concrete Records under the name of "Dead Elvis". However, there was an Irish record label of the same name at the time, and "Dead Elvis" became the title of their first album instead.

neg: Crash Boom Bang (band) Crash Boom Bang is an American pop rock band based in Northern Virginia. The band members are two brothers, Mauricio and Raul Rivero, as well as Omar Ruiz and Chaucer Hwang. They have appeared in productions and publications such as "Alternative Press" and MTV’s "The City".

neg: Crash Gallery Crash Gallery is a Canadian television reality series, which premiered October 2, 2015 on CBC Television.

neg: Racionais MC's Racionais MC's is a hip hop group based in São Paulo, Brazil. Mano Brown (Pedro Paulo Soares Pereira), Ice Blue (Paulo Eduardo Salvador), Edi Rock (Edivaldo Pereira Alves) and DJ KL Jay (Kleber Geraldo Lelis Simões) formed the group in 1988. Each member hails from the ring of "favelas" (slums) around São Paulo locally called the "periferia". Their lyrics combine themes of social justice with gangster imagery, a far cry from the idyllic breeziness typically associated with Brazilian rap music, Racionais Mc's is often considered the most important Brazilian rap group.

neg: Crash (Have Some Fun) "Crash (Have Some Fun)" is a song by the group TKA from their 1990 second album "Louder Than Love". Michelle Visage performed vocals on the song.

neg: Darbyshire Darbyshire is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:


query: The Mercury tracer is based on variations of the Mazada Protege which is manufactured by which company?

pos: Mercury Tracer The Mercury Tracer is a compact car that was marketed by Mercury from 1987 for the 1988 model year until 1999. The replacement for the Ford Escort-derived Lynx, the first generation of the Tracer was a modified version of the Asia-Pacific market Ford Laser, itself a variant of the Mazda 323. In 1990 for the 1991 model year, the Tracer became the Mercury counterpart of the Ford Escort in North America. All three generations of the Tracer were based on variations of the Mazda 323/Protegé.

pos: Mazda Familia The Mazda Familia, also marketed prominently as the Mazda 323 and Mazda Protegé, was a small family car that was manufactured by Mazda between 1963 and 2003. The Familia line was replaced by the Mazda3/Axela for 2004.

neg: Mazda3 The Mazda3 or Mazda 3 (known as the Mazda Axela in Japan, a combination of "accelerate" and "excellent") is a compact car manufactured in Japan by Mazda. It was introduced in 2003 as a 2004 model, replacing the Familia/323/Protegé. A performance-oriented version of the Mazda3 is marketed as the Mazdaspeed3 in North America, Mazdaspeed Axela in Japan and the Mazda3 MPS in Europe.

neg: Team Durango Team Durango is a manufacturer and distributor of radio-controlled cars and accessories.

neg: Mercury Milan The Mercury Milan is a mid-size sedan that was based on the Mazda-designed Ford CD3 platform and distributed by Mercury. It is a twin of the Ford Fusion, while being slotted below the luxury-spec Lincoln MKZ (formerly Lincoln Zephyr) sedan. The Milan was first shown at the 2005 Chicago Auto Show, and was sold in the United States (including Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands), Mexico, and the Middle East. With Ford eliminating the Mercury division, production of the Milan ended December 17, 2010. It is named for the Italian city of Milan.

neg: Mahindra Quanto The Mahindra Quanto is a Mini sport utility vehicle automobile designed and manufactured by the Indian Mahindra & Mahindra Limited.

neg: Škoda Kodiaq The Škoda Kodiaq is a mid-size SUV, manufactured by the Czech automaker Škoda Auto. The vehicle is based on VW Group's modular MQB platform, shared with a new generation of Volkswagen Tiguan and the SEAT Ateca, however the Kodiaq is longer than Tiguan, and comes in a seven seat version.

neg: Hillman Avenger The Hillman Avenger is a rear-wheel drive small family car originally manufactured by the former Rootes division of Chrysler Europe from 1970–1978, badged from 1976 onward as the Chrysler Avenger. Between 1979 and 1981 it was manufactured by PSA Peugeot Citroën and badged as the Talbot Avenger. The Avenger was marketed in North America as the Plymouth Cricket.

neg: Mercury (toy manufacturer) Mercury was a brand of diecast toy cars manufactured in Italy from about 1945 through the 1970s. Along with Dinky Toys in England, Mercury was a pioneer in 1:43 scale diecast toys made in Europe. Today, Mercury models are rather rare and not easy to find. The company logo was the word Mercury within a rectangle with a round toothed gear behind the company name.

neg: Chrysler Sigma The Chrysler Sigma is a version of the Mitsubishi Galant automobile that was built by Chrysler Australia in Adelaide from 1977. When Mitsubishi Motors Australia (MMAL) took over Chrysler Australia's manufacturing facilities in 1980, they renamed the vehicle the Mitsubishi Sigma. The range was progressively discontinued and replaced by the Mitsubishi Magna, starting with the sedan in 1985 and the wagon in 1987.

neg: Lancia Musa The Lancia Musa (Type 350) is a front-engine, front-wheel drive, five-door, five-passenger high-roof B-segment mini MPV manufactured by FCA and marketed by the company's Lancia subdivision for model years 2004-2012.

neg: Daimler Manufacturing Company The Daimler Manufacturing Company (DMFG), was a boutique American automaker company from 1898 to 1907. From 1888 to 1898, the company was known as the Daimler Motor Company (DMC), formed under a partnership between Gottlieb Daimler of Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft (DMG; predecessor to Mercedes-Benz) and William Steinway of piano manufacturer Steinway & Sons. Headquartered in Long Island City, Queens, New York City near Steinway's Astoria headquarters, the company sold Daimler motors for yachts and launches, and goods vehicles including buses and trucks. It built and sold a single automobile model, the original American Mercedes.

neg: Rover 800 Series The Rover 800 Series is an executive car range manufactured by the Austin Rover Group subsidiary of British Leyland, and its successor the Rover Group from 1986 to 1999. It was also marketed as the Sterling in the United States. Co-developed with Honda, it was a close relative to the Honda Legend and the successor to the Rover SD1.

neg: KEPD 350 Taurus KEPD 350 is a German/Swedish air-launched cruise missile, manufactured by Taurus Systems and used by Germany, Spain and South Korea. Taurus Systems GmbH is a partnership between MBDA Deutschland GmbH (formerly LFK) and Saab Bofors Dynamics.

neg: Faurecia Faurecia is the 8th largest international automotive parts manufacturer in the world; in 2013 it was #1 for vehicle interiors and emission control technology. One in four automobiles is equipped by Faurecia. It designs and manufactures seats, exhaust systems, interior systems (dashboards, centre consoles, door panels, acoustic modules) and decorative aspects of a vehicle (aluminium, wood).

neg: Austin Rover Group The Austin Rover Group (abbreviated ARG) was a British motor manufacturer. It was created in 1982 as the mass-market car manufacturing subsidiary of British Leyland (BL). Previously, this entity had been known as BL Cars Ltd (formerly Leyland Cars) which encompassed the "Austin-Morris" and "Jaguar-Rover-Triumph" divisions of British Leyland. After a major restructuring of BL's car manufacturing operations, Jaguar regained its independence (leading to its eventual de-mergeri in 1984) whilst the Triumph and Morris marques were retired. The new, leaner car business was rechristened as the Austin Rover Group and focused primarily on the Austin and Rover marques. The Morris and Triumph marques continued briefly within ARG until 1984 when both were dropped.

neg: Matra Mécanique Aviation Traction or Matra ("M"écanique "A"viation "TRA"ction) was a French company covering a wide range of activities mainly related to automobiles, bicycles, aeronautics and weaponry. In 1994, it became a subsidiary of the Lagardère Group and now operates under that name.

neg: Ford Tierra Ford Tierra is a sedan built and sold in Taiwan by Ford Lio Ho.

neg: Luxgen Luxgen Motor Co., Ltd. is a Taiwanese automaker headquartered in Sanyi, Miaoli, Taiwan and a wholly owned subsidiary of Yulon Motor. It was founded in January 2009 and Luxgen vehicles have been manufactured in Hangzhou, China by Dongfeng Yulon since late-2010. Luxgen products are sold in domestic and international markets. Luxgen products are primarily developed by another Yulon subsidiary, HAITEC. Luxgen has topped the J.D. Power Customer Service Index (CSI).

neg: Elektron (alloy) Elektron is the registered trademark of a wide range of magnesium alloys manufactured by a British company Magnesium Elektron Limited.

neg: Mahindra Axe Mahindra Axe is a Light Military Utility Tactical Vehicle designed by Mahindra & Mahindra. Prototypes of the vehicle were customized to meet Indian Army specifications, but after evaluating the vehicles the Indian Army decided not to place an order.

neg: Thales Communications Thales Communications Inc., a subsidiary of the Thales Group, is a leading manufacturer of tactical communications equipment, including the MBITR and JEM, currently fielded with the US Army and NATO forces worldwide. It is currently involved in the Joint Tactical Radio System program, fielding its MBITR JEM radio.


query: What is the nickname of a professional cyclist who uses osymetrics and was born in 1980?

pos: Osymetric Osymetric is a French make of ovoid bicycle chainring which has a non-circular shape whose angle is tailored to the pedal stroke of the individual cyclist. These were designed by engineer Jean-Louis Talo who claims that this improves cycling performance. Such chainrings were used by professional cyclists Bradley Wiggins and Chris Froome for their "Tour de France" victories.

pos: Bradley Wiggins Sir Bradley Marc Wiggins, CBE (born 28 April 1980) is a British former professional road and track racing cyclist, who competed professionally between 2001 and 2016. Nicknamed "Wiggo", he began his cycling career on the track, but has made the transition to road cycling and is one of the few cyclists to gain significant elite level success in both those forms of professional cycling. He is the only rider to have combined winning both World and Olympic championships on both the track and the road, as well as winning the Tour de France, and holding the iconic track hour record. In addition, he has worn the leader's jersey in each of the three Grand Tours of cycling and as of 2016 holds the world record in team pursuit.

neg: Hilton Clarke Hilton Clarke (born 7 November 1979) is an Australian cyclist. Born in Ormond, Clarke became a professional in 2001. He was introduced to the sport by his father Hilton Clarke, an Olympic cyclist, at the age of 9. Clarke races for the UnitedHealthcare team.

neg: Crystal Anthony Crystal Anthony (born November 20, 1980) is an American female cyclo-cross cyclist. She represented her nation in the women's elite event at the 2016 UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships  in Heusden-Zolder.

neg: Ryan Cox Ryan Cox (9 April 1979 – 1 August 2007) was a South African professional road racing cyclist. He had been cycling since 1987 and turned professional in 2000. He first joined Amore e Vita but changed, the following year to Team Cologne which was based in Germany. He had been a member of Team Barloworld since 2003. In 2004 and 2005 he won the South African National Road Race Championships.

neg: Alejandro Valverde Alejandro Valverde Belmonte (born 25 April 1980) is a Spanish road racing cyclist for UCI WorldTeam Movistar Team . Valverde's biggest wins have been the 2009 Vuelta a España, Liège–Bastogne–Liège in 2006, 2008, 2015 and 2017, La Flèche Wallonne (2006, 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017), the Clásica de San Sebastián (2008 and 2014), the 2006 and 2008 UCI ProTours, and the 2014 and 2015 UCI World Tours. He has twice collected the silver medal in the UCI Road World Championships, in 2003 and 2005, as well as the bronze four times in 2006, 2012, 2013 and 2014. Valverde is rare in combining different specialities in road bicycle racing, being a strong climbing specialist, sprinter and a good time-trialist. After a lengthy court battle, he was suspended for two years as part of the Operación Puerto blood doping investigation, but he returned to competition in 2012 upon completion of the ban.

neg: Rachel Neylan Rachel Neylan (born 9 March 1982) is an Australian professional road cyclist. She won a silver medal at the 2012 World Championships in the women's road race event. She won the inaugural women's Cadel Evans Great Ocean Road Race in January 2015. Prior to her professional cycling career she worked as a physiotherapist for the Australian rowing team. In March 2015 Orica–AIS announced that they had signed Neylan for the remainder of the season.

neg: Bálint Szeghalmi Bálint Szeghalmi (born 16 September 1980 in Budapest) is a former Hungarian cyclist.

neg: Manuel Quinziato Manuel Quinziato (born 30 October 1979 in Bolzano) is an Italian professional road racing cyclist who rides for UCI ProTeam BMC Racing Team .

neg: Alexandr Kolobnev Alexandr Vasilievich Kolobnev (Russian: Александр Васильевич Колобнев ; born 4 May 1981) is a Russian professional road bicycle racer, who rides on the UCI World Tour with Team Katusha–Alpecin . His major victories include winning the 2007 Monte Paschi Eroica, a stage of Paris–Nice and he is a two-time Russian National road Champion. In 2011, he was provisionally suspended after testing positive for a potential drug masking agent. He was cleared of intentional doping by the Court of Arbitration for Sport in February 2012, and returned to Team Katusha in March 2012.

neg: Lisa Mathison Lisa Mathison (born 31 January 1985) is a professional cyclist from Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, specialising in cross-country mountain bike racing. She started competitive cycling at the age of 13 in 1998 and came to national and international attention in 2002 when she won the U19 cross-country World Championships in Austria. In 2003, she successfully defended her Under 19 world champion title in Switzerland. Her achievements in mountain biking won her a Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) scholarship under the tutelage of legendary Swiss ex-pro, Chantal Daucourt, at the coaching facility in Aigle, Switzerland.

neg: Denys Kostyuk Denys Kostyuk (born 13 March 1982) is a Ukrainian professional road bicycle racer, who last rode for the ISD–Jorbi . Kostyuk has also rode for UCI ProTeam . He has been a professional cyclist since 2004 and competed in the 2011 Tour de France where he finished in 153rd place.

neg: Iosune Murillo Elkano Iosune Murillo Elkano (born 14 May 1980) is a road cyclist from Spain. She represented her nation at the 2008 UCI Road World Championships.

neg: Roberto Richeze Roberto Antonio Richeze Araquistain (born 25 October 1981) is an Argentinian cyclist.

neg: Arnaud Coyot Arnaud Coyot (6 October 1980 – 24 November 2013) was a French road bicycle racer, who competed as a professional from 2003 to 2012. He had two race victories, and finished in tenth place in the 2005 Paris–Roubaix race, and tenth place in the 14th stage of the 2006 Tour de France.

neg: Wade Bootes Wade Bootes (b. 30 May 1974 in Toowoomba, Queensland) is an Australian professional "Mid/Current School" Bicycle Motocross (BMX) and Mountain Bike (MTB) racer whose prime competitive years are from 1995 to 2003 in BMX and 1999 to 2004 in MTB. Usually goes by the moniker "Bootsie" or "Bootsey", an obviously diminutive of his surname. During his mountain bike career he also picked up the nickname "Thunder from Down Under". He was voted 2003 Australian Cyclist of the Year in BMX. While competing in the snow mountain bike event at the January 1999 ESPN Winter X Games in Colorado he suffed an attack of High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE) due to the high altitude. HAPE is potentially fatal. He was told by a physician to rest for two weeks. He suffered a minor separated shoulder during the dual slalom event of the first round of the World Cup in Maribor, Slovania in early June 2001. He broke his right collar bone at the 2006 MTB World Championships in Rotorua, New Zealand during qualifying rounds on 23 August 2006. Stayed overnight at a Rotorua hospital.

neg: Charly Wegelius Charles "Charly" Wegelius (born 26 April 1978 in Espoo, Finland) is a British former professional road racing cyclist.

neg: Donny Robinson Donald Robinson (born June 17, 1983, in Napa, California, U.S.) is an American professional "New/Current School" Bicycle Motocross (BMX) racer whose prime competitive years are from 1999 to the present. His moniker is "dR", his initials. The use of the lowercase "d" for his given name is perhaps related to his relatively diminutive physical size. A past nickname, "Scrawny", was definitely linked to his small stature, since even when very young he was the smallest child in his age group. It was given to him by Bruce Minton. Like BMX predecessors Mike Miranda and Eric Rupe, Robinson is a devout Christian. He admitted in late 2013 to suffering at least 25 concussions over the course of his career. In the same interview, he advocated for better concussion protocol at the lower levels of BMX racing. Robinson joined the board of directors of concussion-education collaborative The Knockout Project in January 2013.

neg: Stefan Rucker Stefan Rucker (born 20 January 1980 in Knittelfeld) is a former Austrian racing cyclist.

neg: Cadel Evans Cadel Lee Evans {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} ( ; born 14 February 1977) is an Australian former professional racing cyclist and winner of the 2011 Tour de France. Early in his career, Evans was a champion mountain biker, winning the World Cup in 1998 and 1999 and placing seventh in the men's cross-country mountain bike race at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. Cadel Evans is a four time Olympian.

neg: Robert Sassone (cyclist) Robert Sassone (23 November 1978 – 21 January 2016) was a French racing cyclist. He had cancer and took his own life.

neg: Fred Rodriguez Fred "Freddie" Rodriguez (born September 3, 1973) is a former American professional road racing cyclist. His nickname, "Fast Freddie", is due to his reputation as a sprint specialist. Rodriguez is both a four-time National Road Race Champion and a four-time Tour de Georgia stage winner.


query: Which private research university is located in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts Boston College or Stanford University?

pos: Boston College Boston College (also referred to as BC) is a private Jesuit Catholic research university located in the affluent village of Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, United States, 6 mi west of downtown Boston. It has 9,100 full-time undergraduates and almost 5,000 graduate students. The university's name reflects its early history as a liberal arts college and preparatory school (now Boston College High School) in Dorchester. It is a member of the 568 Group and the Association of Jesuit Colleges and Universities. Its main campus is a historic district and features some of the earliest examples of collegiate gothic architecture in North America.

pos: Stanford University Stanford University (Stanford; officially Leland Stanford Junior University, colloquially the Farm) is a private research university in Stanford, California, adjacent to Palo Alto and between San Jose and San Francisco. Stanford's undergraduate program is the most selective in America. Due to its academic strength, wealth, and proximity to Silicon Valley it is often cited as one of the world's most prestigious universities.

neg: Roberts Center Roberts Center was a 4,400-seat multi-purpose arena in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts. It opened in 1958. It was home to the Boston College Eagles basketball teams until the Conte Forum opened in 1988.

neg: Weston Observatory (Boston College) Weston Observatory is a geophysical research laboratory of the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences at Boston College. The Observatory is located in the town of Weston, Massachusetts, about 13 mi west of downtown Boston.

neg: Harvard Forest Harvard Forest is an ecological research area of 3000 acre owned and managed by Harvard University and located in Petersham, Massachusetts. The property, in operation since 1907, includes one of North America's oldest managed forests, educational and research facilities, a museum, and recreation trails. Harvard Forest is open to the public.

neg: Warren Towers Warren Towers is one of the three Boston University dormitories traditionally intended for underclassmen, the others being The Towers and West Campus. The building is located at central campus, next to the College of Communication (COM) and across from the College of Arts and Sciences (CAS). Housing approximately 1800 students, it is the second-largest non-military dormitory in the country, behind Jester Center at The University of Texas at Austin. The closest MBTA stop is Boston University East on the Green Line "B" Branch, located directly in front of B and C Towers, in a center reservation on Commonwealth Avenue.

neg: Endicott College Endicott College is a private coeducational college located in Beverly, Massachusetts.

neg: Stanford University Medical Center Stanford University Medical Center is a medical complex which includes Stanford Health Care and Stanford Children's Health.

neg: Charles Street (Boston) Charles Street is the name of a north-south street in the city center of Boston, Massachusetts. It begins in the north at Leverett Circle, where it connects with Nashua Street and Monsignor O'Brien Highway. Science Park station on the MBTA Green Line is located there. Charles Street runs south and gives its name to the Charles/MGH station on the MBTA Red Line, connecting via the Charles Circle rotary to Cambridge Street and the Longfellow Bridge which leads to Cambridge. This segment is a one-way street, with traffic heading northwards.

neg: The Street Chestnut Hill The Street at Chestnut Hill is an open-air shopping center on Route 9 in the Newton portion of Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts. The shopping center contains 640,090 sq. feet of fashion retailers, restaurants, and entertainment options. The architecture and design of the new shopping center mimics modern village-like streetscapes and overlooks neighboring Hammond Pond. The center contains a Showcase SuperLux and a Star Market.

neg: Experimental College (Tufts University) The Experimental College at Tufts University (also known as the Ex College), is located in Medford, Massachusetts. The college was founded in 1964, to expand the offerings of the undergraduate course curriculum, and has remained an integral part of the university ever since.

neg: 1938 Boston College Eagles football team The 1938 Boston College Eagles football team represented Boston College during the 1938 college football season. The Eagles played their home games at Alumni Field in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, and Fenway Park in Boston.

neg: Massachusetts Institute of Technology The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. It is often ranked as one of the world's most prestigious universities.

neg: Perkins Arboretum The Perkins Arboretum (128 acres; 51.2 hectares) is the Colby College arboretum, located at 5600 Mayflower Hill Drive in Waterville, Maine, United States. It is used for teaching and research, but its trails are also open to the public.

neg: Taube Tennis Center The Taube Tennis Center is a tennis facility located on the campus of Stanford University near Palo Alto, California. In addition to hosting the Stanford Cardinal's men's and women's tennis teams, the 17-court facility is the home of the Bank of the West Classic since 1997, a WTA Tour event. The stadium court, "Taube Family Tennis Stadium", has a capacity of 2,445 spectators.

neg: Margaret McKenna (academic) Margaret McKenna is a civil rights attorney and academic and former president of Suffolk University in Boston, Massachusetts. She previously served as president of Lesley University, president of the Wal-Mart Foundation, a professor at Brandeis University, a vice-president at Harvard University, and an official in the Clinton administration.

neg: Stanford University Arboretum The Stanford University Arboretum is an arboretum located on the grounds of Stanford University in Stanford, California. It is open to the public daily without charge.

neg: Tsai Performance Center Tsai Performance Center is a concert hall located within Boston University's College of Arts and Sciences building. Constructed in 1989, the facility was made possible by a $5.5 million gift from the Tsai Family, particularly Gerald Tsai, who served as a trustee and an honorary board member of the university for a number of years. At the time, the Tsai pledge was the largest individual gift from a single donor in the history of Boston University. The Tsai Performance Center is the home of the New England Philharmonic.

neg: Worcester State University Worcester State University is an American liberal arts and sciences university located in Worcester, Massachusetts.

neg: 1999 Boston College Eagles football team The 1999 Boston College Eagles football team represented Boston College during the 1999 NCAA Division I-A football season. Boston College was a member of the Big East Conference. The Eagles played their home games in 1999 at Alumni Stadium in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, which has been their home stadium since 1957.

neg: SRI International SRI International (SRI) is an American nonprofit research institute headquartered in Menlo Park, California. The trustees of Stanford University established SRI in 1946 as a center of innovation to support economic development in the region.

neg: Alumni Stadium Alumni Stadium is a football stadium located on the lower campus of Boston College in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, approximately six


query: Who has written more screenplays, David Siegel or Ron Underwood?

pos: Ron Underwood Ronald Brian "Ron" Underwood (born November 6, 1953) is an American film director, producer and television director.

pos: David Siegel (screenwriter) David Siegel is an American film director, screenwriter and producer, and part of a long-standing writing-directing-producing team with filmmaker Scott McGehee.

neg: Sol C. Siegel Sol C. Siegel (March 30, 1903 in New York City – December 29, 1982 in Los Angeles) was an American reporter and film producer.

neg: Ron Powers Ron Powers (born November 18, 1941) is an American journalist, novelist, and non-fiction writer. His works include "White Town Drowsing: Journeys to Hannibal", "Dangerous Water: A Biography of the Boy Who Became Mark Twain", and "Mark Twain: A Life". With James Bradley, he co-wrote the 2000 #1 New York Times Bestseller "Flags of Our Fathers". The book won the Colby Award the following year.

neg: Ron Dunbar Ronald Dunbar (born c. 1939) is an American songwriter, A&R director and record producer who worked closely with Holland-Dozier-Holland, and with George Clinton. His co-writing credits include the hit songs "Give Me Just a Little More Time", "Band of Gold", and "Patches", for which he won a Grammy.

neg: Ron Stewart (bluegrass) Ron Stewart is an American multi-instrumentalist in the bluegrass tradition. He plays fiddle, guitar, banjo, and mandolin, and has won the International Bluegrass Music Association (IBMA) award for Fiddle Player of the Year in 2000 and Banjo Player of the Year in 2011.

neg: Coach Carter Coach Carter is a 2005 American biographical sports drama film directed by Thomas Carter. It is based on the true story of Richmond High School basketball coach Ken Carter (portrayed by Samuel L. Jackson), who made headlines in 1999 for benching his undefeated high school basketball team due to poor academic results. The story was conceived from a screenplay co-written by John Gatins and Mark Schwahn, who created the TV series "One Tree Hill." The film also recycles a handful of plot devices from another television series, "The White Shadow," which director Carter also co-starred in. The ensemble cast features Rob Brown, Channing Tatum, Debbi Morgan, and musical entertainer Ashanti.

neg: Dick Siegel Dick Siegel is an American singer-songwriter. He won the Best New Folk Artist award at the 1991 Kerrville Folk Festival.

neg: There Was a Crooked Man... There Was a Crooked Man... is a 1970 western starring Kirk Douglas and Henry Fonda and directed by Joseph L. Mankiewicz. This was the only western made by Mankiewicz, director of such notable films as "All About Eve", "Guys and Dolls" and "Cleopatra". It was written by David Newman and Robert Benton, their first script after "Bonnie and Clyde".

neg: Telefon (film) Telefon is a 1977 spy film directed by Don Siegel and starring Charles Bronson, Lee Remick and Donald Pleasence. The screenplay by Peter Hyams and Stirling Silliphant was based on the 1975 novel by Walter Wager.

neg: Everett Greenbaum Everett Greenbaum (December 20, 1919 – July 11, 1999) was an American television and film writer and actor who contributed to such shows as "The Andy Griffith Show" (24 Episodes), "M*A*S*H" (35 Episodes), "Love American Style", "The Real McCoys" (32 Episodes), "Sanford and Son", and "The George Gobel Show". Greenbaum was a co-creator with Jim Fritzell of "Mister Peepers" an important early television show which starred Wally Cox. He wrote the Hollywood feature film "Good Neighbor Sam", as well as a series of films starring Don Knotts that included "The Shakiest Gun in the West", "The Reluctant Astronaut", and "The Ghost and Mr. Chicken".

neg: David Lindley (musician) David Perry Lindley (born March 21, 1944) is an American musician who founded the band El Rayo-X, and who has worked with many other performers including Jackson Browne, Warren Zevon, Curtis Mayfield and Dolly Parton. He has mastered such a wide variety of instruments that "Acoustic Guitar" magazine referred to Lindley not as a multi-instrumentalist, but instead as a "maxi-instrumentalist."

neg: Don Winslow He has written the screenplays for "Savages", "Satori" and other adaptations of his novels with screenwriter/producer Shane Salerno.

neg: Marc Siegel Marc Siegel is an American physician, Fox News medical correspondent, columnist for several news outlets, including the "New York Post" and Forbes, and author. He is also an associate professor of medicine at NYU Langone Medical Center

neg: Larry Underwood Larry W. Underwood (born September 9, 1966 in Nashville, Tennessee) is an American actor best known for his portrayal of Dr. Gangrene.

neg: Heartbeat (Carrie Underwood song) "Heartbeat" is a song recorded by American singer and songwriter Carrie Underwood from her fifth studio album, "Storyteller". It was written by Underwood, Ashley Gorley, and the song's producer, Zach Crowell. Country music singer Sam Hunt sings backing vocals on the track. The song was released to the radio by Arista Nashville on November 30, 2015 as the album's second single, after "Smoke Break". Musically, "Heartbeat" is a country pop and a R&B song with lyrics that relate to the feeling of intimacy experienced by being alone with one's lover. It appears to be inspired by Underwood's marriage to Mike Fisher.

neg: David Shaber David Shaber (1929 – November 4, 1999) was an American screenwriter and theatre producer, who wrote the screenplays for "The Warriors", "Nighthawks", "Rollover", "Last Embrace" and "Flight of the Intruder". He also wrote the final draft, though uncredited, for the John McTiernan film "The Hunt for Red October".

neg: David Bolinsky David Bolinsky (born May 2, 1952) is a former lead medical illustrator at Yale. He is a co-founder of XVIVO, which produced the movie The Inner Life of the Cell.

neg: Norman Partridge Norman Partridge (born May 28, 1958) is an American author of horror and mystery fiction. He has written two detective novels about retired boxer Jack Baddalach, "Saguaro Riptide" and "The Ten Ounce Siesta". He is also the author of a Crow novel, "", which was adapted in 2005 into the fourth Crow movie, bearing the same name.

neg: Chandu the Magician (film) Chandu the Magician is a 1932 American Pre-Code mystery-fantasy film starring Edmund Lowe as Frank Chandler and Bela Lugosi as the villain Roxor that he must stop. Based on the radio play of the same name, written by Harry A. Earnshaw, Vera M. Oldham and R.R. Morgan. The radio series ran from 1932 to 1933 and Fox obtained the rights hoping the film would appeal to a ready-made audience. In 1934 Chandu returned in a twelve part serial, "The Return of Chandu", with Bela Lugosi ironically playing the title role.

neg: Don't Mess with Bill (film) Don't Mess with Bill is a 1980 American short documentary film about Canadian martial arts pioneer Bill Underwood, produced by Pen Densham. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Short.


query: The Alphabet Killer was directed by the creator of what 2003 horror film?

pos: The Alphabet Killer The Alphabet Killer is a 2008 thriller-horror film, loosely based on the Alphabet murders that took place in Rochester, New York between 1971 and 1973. Eliza Dushku stars as the main character, alongside Cary Elwes, Michael Ironside, Bill Moseley and Timothy Hutton. The film is directed by Rob Schmidt, director of "Wrong Turn" also starring Dushku and written by Tom Malloy, who also acted in a supporting role.

pos: Wrong Turn Wrong Turn is a 2003 American horror film directed by Rob Schmidt and written by Alan B. McElroy. The film stars Desmond Harrington, Eliza Dushku, Emmanuelle Chriqui and Jeremy Sisto. The film has a 41% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes. It grossed $28.7 million and had a $12.6 million budget. It is the first installment in a film series that has spawned two sequels and three prequels.

neg: Bottom Feeder Bottom Feeder (also known as Evil Beast and Mutant Assassin) is a 2007 American horror film written and directed by Randy Daudlin. The film centers on a group of utility workers who have become trapped in the underground maze of tunnels underneath the city where they are skulked and killed by something terrible.

neg: Slaughter Studios Slaughter Studios is a 2002 comedy/horror film. Directed by Brian Katkin. Screenplay by John Huckert and Dan Acre, from a story by Huckert, Acre, and Damian Akhavi. Released through New Concorde. 86 minutes, rated R.

neg: Scooby-Doo! and the Legend of the Vampire Scooby-Doo and the Legend of the Vampire is a 2003 direct-to-video animated comedy horror film, and the fifth in a series of direct-to-video films based upon the "Scooby-Doo" Saturday morning cartoons. It was completed in 2002, and released on March 4, 2003 and it was produced by Warner Bros. Animation (though it included a copyright for "Hanna-Barbera Cartoons, Inc." and a recreation of the 1968 Hanna-Barbera "Zooming Box" logo at the end).

neg: Exhumed (film) Exhumed is a 2003 Canadian horror anthology film directed and written by Brian Clement. Set in three different time periods and locales, the film tells the story of an artifact that can return the dead to life.

neg: Asylum of the Damned Asylum of the Damned, Columbia Tristar (2004), also known as Hellborn, CDA Entertainment, is a 2003 horror film written by Matt McCombs, directed by Philip J Jones and starring Matt Stasi and Bruce Payne.

neg: August Underground's Mordum August Underground's Mordum is a 2003 horror film created and distributed by Toetag Pictures. It is the sequel to 2001's "August Underground", and was followed by "August Underground's Penance" in 2007.

neg: Todd Farmer Todd Farmer (born November 21, 1968) is an American screenwriter and actor known for his work in the horror genre, having written the scripts for "Jason X" (2001), "The Messengers" (2007), "My Bloody Valentine 3D" (2009), and "Drive Angry" (2011).

neg: The United States of Leland The United States of Leland is a 2003 American drama film written and directed by Matthew Ryan Hoge that follows a meek teenage boy, the eponymous Leland, who has inexplicably committed a shocking murder. In the wake of the killing, his teacher in prison tries to understand the senseless crime, while the families of the victim and the perpetrator struggle to cope with the aftermath.

neg: The Final Terror The Final Terror (also known as Carnivore, and internationally Campsite Massacre) is a 1983 American horror film directed by Andrew Davis, and starring Rachel Ward, Daryl Hannah, Adrian Zmed, and Joe Pantoliano. The film originally went through many working titles as "The Creeper", "Three Blind Mice", and "The Forest Primeval", but during production it was filmed under the title "Bump in the Night" before ultimately choosing the title as "The Final Terror". The plot follows a group of forest rangers camping in the Northern California wilderness who find themselves fighting for their lives against a backwoods feral killer hunting them as prey. It blends elements of survival thrillers and slasher films.

neg: Razor Eaters Razor Eaters is a 2003 Australian crime thriller film written and directed by Shannon Young. The film had its world premiere on 13 July 2003 at the Melbourne Underground Film Festival, and later had a DVD release in July 2006. It follows an anarchist street gang (based on the real-life Hedge-Burners) who terrorize those whom they believe deserve punishment.

neg: Undermind (film) Undermind is a 2003 psychological thriller written and directed by Nevil Dwek.

neg: Dreamcatcher (2003 film) Dreamcatcher is a 2003 American science fiction horror film based on Stephen King's novel of the same name. Directed by Lawrence Kasdan and co-written by Kasdan and screenwriter William Goldman, the film stars Damian Lewis, Thomas Jane, Jason Lee and Timothy Olyphant as four friends who encounter an invasion of parasitic aliens.

neg: Alan Rowe Kelly Alan Rowe Kelly (born January 13, 1959 in Dover, New Jersey) is an American independent film actor, director, writer and producer, specializing in horror movies.

neg: William Malone (director) William Malone (born 1953) is an American horror filmmaker who directed such films as the 1999 remake "House on Haunted Hill", "Scared to Death", "Creature", and "FeardotCom".

neg: Sandor Stern Sandor Stern (born July 13, 1936) is a Canadian writer, director and film producer best known for his horror films.

neg: Beyond Re-Animator Beyond Re-Animator is a 2003 Spanish-American science-fiction horror film directed by Brian Yuzna and starring Jeffrey Combs, Jason Barry, Simón Andreu, Elsa Pataky, and Santiago Segura. It is the third and final installment of the "Re-Animator" film series.

neg: Bloodrage Bloodrage (also known as Never Pick Up A Stranger) is a 1979 American horror film directed by Joseph Zito (under the pseudonym Joseph Bigwood) and written by Robert Jahn.

neg: The Big Empty (2003 film) The Big Empty is a 2003 drama film directed and written by Steve Anderson. It stars Jon Favreau as a struggling actor with a bizarre request from his neighbor to deliver a suitcase that he cannot open. While there, he meets an unusual cast of characters, and starts to think this delivery might be more than it seems.

neg: R.S.V.P. (film) R.S.V.P. is a 2002 American horror film written and directed by Mark Anthony Galluzzo.

neg: Amateur Porn Star Killer Amateur Porn Star Killer is an American horror film series, currently consisting of three films. Created by Shane Ryan, the original film was theatrically released in 2007.


query: The River Rat was the film debut of which actor or actress?

pos: The River Rat The River Rat is a 1984 independent family film directed by Thomas Rickman and starring Tommy Lee Jones and Martha Plimpton. Filmed on location in Kentucky, on the banks of the Mississippi River.

pos: Martha Plimpton Martha Campbell Plimpton (born November 16, 1970) is an American stage, film, and television actress, singer, and former model. Her feature film debut was in "The River Rat" (1984) before rising to prominence in the Richard Donner film "The Goonies" (1985). She has also appeared in "The Mosquito Coast" (1986), "Running on Empty" (1988), "Parenthood" (1989), "Samantha" (1992), "Raising Hope" (2010) and "Small Town Murder Songs" (2011).

neg: Sandra Julien Sandra Julien (born Sandra Calaputti 14 February 1950 in Toulon, France) is a French actress. Her acting career only lasted a few years, but one of the films she is remembered for is "Le Frisson des Vampires" ("The Shiver of the Vampires"), a film by director Jean Rollin.

neg: Viola Dana Viola Dana (born Virginia Flugrath, June 26, 1897 – July 3, 1987) was an American film actress who was successful during the era of silent films. The diminutive actress appeared in over 100 films, but was unable to make the transition to sound films.

neg: Kirsty Strain Kirsty Strain (born 18 December 1980 in Glasgow, Scotland) is a Scottish actress, best known for her roles in the popular comedy sketch series, "Burnistoun", and as Angie Warren in the BBC Scotland television series, "River City". In December 2016, she was a supporting actress to several acting pieces by St. Paul's High School, at the Tramway Theatre in Glasgow.

neg: Rât River Rât River may refer to one of the following rivers in Romania:

neg: Silver River (film) Silver River is a 1948 western film directed by Raoul Walsh and starring Errol Flynn and Ann Sheridan. The film is based on a Stephen Longstreet novel.

neg: Death Drums Along the River Death Drums Along the River (titled Sanders in the USA) is a 1963 British-German international co-production, using the characters from Edgar Wallace's 1911 novel "Sanders of the River" and Zoltán Korda's 1935 film based on the novel, but placed in a totally different story. Filmed on location in South Africa, it features Richard Todd and Marianne Koch leading a cast of British, German and South African actors. The film was the first feature film of British producer Harry Alan Towers.

neg: River's End (1930 film) River's End is a 1930 American Pre-Code drama film directed by Michael Curtiz and starring Charles Bickford and Evalyn Knapp. Bickford plays two roles, a Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) sergeant and the man he is after. The film is the second of three adaptations of the bestselling novel "The River's End" by James Oliver Curwood, the others being released in 1920 and 1940.

neg: Deirdre Davis Deirdre Davis (born 1963) is a Scottish actress. She is known for her role as Eileen Donachie in the BBC Scotland soap opera "River City", which she starred in for almost 14 years, from its first broadcast on 24 September 2002 until May 2016. She has also appeared in the films "Orpahns" (1998), "The Debt Collector" (1999), "The Magdalene Sisters" (2002), and "The Rocket Post" (2004).

neg: Sophie Heathcote Sophie Heathcote (25 December 1972 – 4 January 2006) was an Australian actress, primarily known for her television roles, particularly "A Country Practice" and "Water Rats"

neg: Thulasi Nair Thulasi Nair is former Indian film actress who has appeared in 2 Tamil language films. After making her debut in Mani Ratnam's 2013 drama film "Kadal", she has since gone on to work on Ravi K. Chandran's directorial debut "Yaan" (2014).

neg: Jorge Rivero Jorge Rivero (born Jorge Pous Rosas June 15, 1938) is a Mexican actor, with a career spanning three continents (the Americas and Europe), primarily in Spanish language media. He has been also credited as George Rivers and George Rivero.

neg: Mia Riverton Mia Riverton is an American film actress and producer, best known for her role in the 2005 film "Red Doors".

neg: Carol Channing Carol Elaine Channing (born January 31, 1921) is an American actress, singer, dancer and comedian. Notable for starring in Broadway and film musicals, her characters typically radiate a fervent expressiveness and an easily identifiable voice, whether singing or for comedic effect. Carol Channing also studied acting at The Neighborhood Playhouse School of the Theatre in New York City.

neg: Marcia Gay Harden Marcia Gay Harden (born August 14, 1959) is an American actress. Her film breakthrough was in the 1990 Coen brothers-directed "Miller's Crossing". She followed this with roles in films including "Used People" (1992), "The First Wives Club" (1996), and "Flubber" (1997). For her performance as artist Lee Krasner in the 2000 film "Pollock", she won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. She earned another Academy Award nomination for her performance as Celeste Boyle in "Mystic River" (2003). Other notable film roles include "American Gun" (2005), and 2007's "The Mist" and "Into the Wild".

neg: Bea Arthur Beatrice "Bea" Arthur (born Bernice Frankel; May 13, 1922 – April 25, 2009) was an American actress, comedian, singer, and animal rights activist. Her career spanned seven decades.

neg: Scarlet River Scarlet River is a 1933 American Pre-Code Western film directed by Otto Brower and written by Harold Shumate. The film stars Tom Keene, Dorothy Wilson, Roscoe Ates, Lon Chaney Jr. and Edgar Kennedy. The film was released on March 10, 1933, by RKO Pictures.

neg: The River Line The River Line (German: Kennwort... Reiher) is a 1964 West German war drama film directed by Rudolf Jugert and starring Peter van Eyck, Marie Versini and Walter Rilla.

neg: Return from the River Kwai Return from the River Kwai is a 1989 British film directed by Andrew McLaglen and starring Edward Fox, Chris Penn and Timothy Bottoms.

neg: Ann Magnuson Ann Magnuson (born January 4, 1956) is an American actress, performance artist and nightclub performer. A founding member of the band Bongwater, she starred in the ABC sitcom "Anything but Love" (1989–92). Her film appearances include "The Hunger" (1983), "Making Mr. Right" (1987), "Clear and Present Danger" (1994) and "Panic Room" (2002). She also appeared on the music videos for Jerry Cantrell's ""My Song"", and Redd Kross’ ""Annie’s Gone"".

neg: Peg Murray Margaret L. "Peg" Murray (born February 14, 1924) is an American actress of stage, musical theatre and television.


query: Who recognized the first woman to fly what is now Boeing AV-8B Harrier II in combat's transition from the military to civilian workforce as an example for others to follow?

pos: Jenna Dolan Jennifer Marie "Jenna" Dolan (born 1974) is a lieutenant colonel in the United States Marine Corps Reserve and former fighter pilot. During the 2003 invasion of Iraq, she became the first woman to fly the McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II aircraft in combat. The First Lady of the United States, Michelle Obama, recognized Dolan's transition from the military to civilian workforce as an example for others to follow. Dolan plans to join a small group of civilian pilots that fly the Harrier at air shows.

pos: McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II The McDonnell Douglas (now Boeing) AV-8B Harrier II is a single-engine ground-attack aircraft that constitutes the second generation of the Harrier Jump Jet family. Capable of vertical or short takeoff and landing (V/STOL), the aircraft was designed in the late 1970s as an Anglo-American development of the British Hawker Siddeley Harrier, the first operational V/STOL aircraft. Named after a bird of prey, it is primarily employed on light attack or multi-role missions, ranging from close air support of ground troops to armed reconnaissance. The AV-8B is used by the United States Marine Corps (USMC), the Spanish Navy, and the Italian Navy. A variant of the AV-8B, the British Aerospace Harrier II, was developed for the British military, while another, the TAV-8B, is a dedicated two-seat trainer.

neg: Marie Rossi Marie Therese Rossi-Cayton (January 3, 1959 – March 1, 1991) was the first woman in American military history to serve in combat as an aviation unit commander, during the Persian Gulf War in 1991, and the first woman pilot in United States history to fly combat missions. She was killed when the CH-47 Chinook she was piloting crashed in Saudi Arabia, on March 1, 1991.

neg: Karen Ulane Karen Frances Ulane (born December 10, 1941 – May 22, 1989) was an American airline pilot who was dismissed by Eastern Airlines after undergoing sex reassignment surgery in 1980. The case "Ulane v. Eastern Airlines" became the federal legal precedent for transsexual legal status under the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

neg: British Aerospace Sea Harrier The British Aerospace Sea Harrier is a naval short take-off and vertical landing/vertical take-off and landing jet fighter, reconnaissance and attack aircraft; the second member of the Harrier Jump Jet family developed. It first entered service with the Royal Navy in April 1980 as the Sea Harrier FRS1 and became informally known as the ""Shar"". Unusual in an era in which most naval and land-based air superiority fighters were large and supersonic, the principal role of the subsonic Sea Harrier was to provide air defence for Royal Navy task groups centred around the aircraft carriers.

neg: Ronne Froman Veronica Froman-Blue, better known by her maiden name Veronica "Ronne" Froman (RADM, USN, Ret.), is an American retired naval officer. She was the first woman to serve as commander of the United States Navy Region Southwest, a position known as the "Navy Mayor of San Diego". She retired from the Navy in 2001 with the rank of rear admiral, after a 31-year career.

neg: Flight surgeon A flight surgeon is a military medical officer practicing in the clinical field variously known as aviation medicine, aerospace medicine, or flight medicine. (Although the term "flight surgery" is considered improper by purists, it may occasionally be encountered.)

neg: Margaret Fairweather Margaret Fairweather (23 September 1901 – 4 August 1944) was a British aviator and one of the first eight women members of the Air Transport Auxiliary (ATA). She flew many planes including Tiger Moths and Hurricanes, and was the first woman to fly a Supermarine Spitfire. She had previously been an instructor for the Civil Air Guard at Renfrew.

neg: Jeanne M. Holm Major General Jeanne Marjorie Holm (June 23, 1921 – February 15, 2010) was the first female one-star general of the United States Air Force and the first female two-star general in any service branch of the United States. Holm was a driving force behind the expansion of women's roles in the Air Force.

neg: British Aerospace Harrier II The British Aerospace Harrier II was a second-generation vertical/short takeoff and landing (V/STOL) jet aircraft used previously by the Royal Air Force (RAF) and, between 2006 and 2010, the Royal Navy (RN). The aircraft was the latest development of the Harrier Jump Jet family, and was derived from the McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II. Initial deliveries of the Harrier II were designated in service as Harrier GR5; subsequently upgraded airframes were redesignated accordingly as GR7 and GR9.

neg: USS Langley (CV-1) USS "Langley" (CV-1/AV-3) was the United States Navy's first aircraft carrier, converted in 1920 from the collier USS "Jupiter" (AC-3), and also the US Navy's first turbo-electric-powered ship. Conversion of another collier was planned but canceled when the Washington Naval Treaty required the cancellation of the partially built "Lexington"-class battlecruiser s "Lexington" and "Saratoga", freeing up their hulls for conversion to the aircraft carriers "Lexington" and "Saratoga" . "Langley" was named after Samuel Pierpont Langley, an American aviation pioneer. Following another conversion, to a seaplane tender, "Langley" fought in World War II. On 27 February 1942, she was attacked by nine twin-engine Japanese bombers of the Japanese 21st and 23rd Naval Air Flotillas and so badly damaged that she had to be scuttled by her escorts.

neg: Cornelia Fort Cornelia Clark Fort (February 5, 1919 – March 21, 1943) was a US aviator who became famous for two aviation-related events. While conducting a civilian training flight at Pearl Harbor, she was the first US pilot to encounter the Japanese air fleet during the Attack on Pearl Harbor, and narrowly escaped a strafing attack after landing. The next year, Fort became the second member of what became the Women Airforce Service Pilots, and was working as a ferry pilot when she became the first female pilot in American history to die on active duty.

neg: Jessie E. Woods Jessie E. Woods (27 January 1909 - 17 March 2001) was one of the first female pilots in the United States.

neg: Liaison pilot A liaison pilot was a World War II United States enlisted pilot, whose wings bore an "L" in the center. They flew light single engine liaison aircraft. Included were many enlisted aviation students who washed out of pilot training after having soloed and were given the opportunity to become liaison pilots. Flight training consisted of about 60 hours of flying time and stressed such procedures as short field landings and takeoffs over obstacles, low altitude navigation, first aid, day and night reconnaissance, aerial photography, and aircraft maintenance. Unarmored and unarmed—except perhaps for a .45 pistol or .30 carbine—these men in 28 different squadrons flew low and slow with wheels, skis, or floats. They flew varied and often hazardous missions in nearly every theater—medical evacuation from forward areas; delivering munitions, blood plasma, mail, and other supplies to front lines; ferrying personnel; flying photographic or intelligence missions; serving as air observers for fighters or bombers; and other critical yet often unpublicized missions.

neg: Kristin Bass Kristin L Bass served as a United States Air Force officer. She made history by becoming the first and only female fighter pilot assigned at the 188th Fighter Wing, Arkansas Air National Guard, Fort Smith, Arkansas.

neg: Hazel Jane Raines Hazel Jane Raines (April 21, 1916 – September 4, 1956) was an American pioneer aviator and flight instructor with the Civilian Pilot Training Program. During World War II, she was part of the first group of United States women to fly military aircraft, which they did in a war zone for the civilian British Air Transport Auxiliary. She was later a member of the civilian contract labor Women Airforce Service Pilots. After the war, she taught instrument training in Brazil. When President Harry S. Truman authorized the integration of women into the military, she served with Women in the Air Force and was based in Texas, Alabama, and finally London until her death. Raines was the first woman in Georgia to earn a pilot's license, and has been inducted into both the Georgia Aviation Hall of Fame and the Georgia Women of Achievement.

neg: Flight suit A flight suit is a full body garment, worn while flying aircraft such as military airplanes, gliders and helicopters. These suits are generally made to keep the wearer warm, as well as being practical (plenty of pockets), and durable (including fire retardant). Its appearance is usually similar to a jumpsuit. A military flight suit may also show rank insignia. It is sometimes used as a combat uniform in close quarters battle or visit, board, search, and seizure situations, for its practicality.

neg: Helen Harrison-Bristol Helen Harrison-Bristol (December 7, 1909 – April 27, 1995) was a pioneering Canadian female civil aviation instructor and the first Canadian Air Transport Auxiliary ferry pilot during Second World War.

neg: Air Warrior (U.S. Army) Air Warrior (AW) is a modular, integrated, rapidly reconfigurable combat aircrew ensemble designed for U.S. Army aircrews. Previous aviation life support equipment consisted of a non-integrated assemblage of protective and survival gear. AW uses a systems approach to equipping the aircrew and closes the capability gap between human and machine. Fielded incrementally in blocks to rapidly provide enhanced capabilities to the warfighter, AW leverages and integrates clothing and equipment, such as the Army Aircrew Combat Uniform and ballistic protection, from other product managers. As of April 2010, more than 18,000 AW systems had been fielded in support of OIF and OEF.

neg: Lorraine K. Potter Lorraine Kay Potter (née Fallon; 1946) is a former Chief of Chaplains of the United States Air Force and was the first female chaplain in the United States Air Force.

neg: Women in the Australian military Women have served in Australian armed forces since 1899. Until World War II women were restricted to the Australian Army Nursing Service. This role expanded in 1941–42 when the Royal Australian Navy (RAN), Australian Army and Royal Australian Air Force established female branches in which women took on a range of support roles. While these organisations were disbanded at the end of the war, they were reestablished in 1950 as part of the military's permanent structure. Women were integrated into the services during the late 1970s and early 1980s and can now serve in most positions in the Australian Defence Force (ADF), including combat roles.

neg: Blanche Noyes Blanche Noyes (June 23, 1900 – October 6, 1981) was an American pioneering female aviator who was among the first ten women to receive a pilot's license. In 1929, she became Ohio's first licensed female pilot.


query: Who did the man that Bruce Gordon played in "The Untouchables" succeed as boss?

pos: Bruce Gordon (actor) Bruce Gordon (February 1, 1916January 20, 2011) was an American actor best known for playing gangster Frank Nitti in the ABC television series "The Untouchables".

pos: Frank Nitti Francesco Raffaele Nitto (January 27, 1886 – March 19, 1943), also known as Frank "The Enforcer" Nitti, was an Italian-American gangster. One of Al Capone's top henchmen, Nitti was in charge of all strong-arm and 'muscle' operations. Nitti later succeeded Capone as boss of the Chicago Outfit.

neg: The Mechanic (1972 film) The Mechanic is a 1972 American action thriller film directed by Michael Winner, produced by Irwin Winkler and Robert Chartoff, and written by Lewis John Carlino. The film follows Arthur Bishop (Charles Bronson), a top assassin who works for a secret organisation and takes under him Steve McKenna, the ruthless and ambitious son of the organisation's head Harry McKenna, also known as "The Big" that Bishop killed. Bishop then reveals that although that he is his protégé, he must face against McKenna who seeks revenge on his father's death.

neg: Batman Returns Batman Returns is a 1992 American superhero film directed by Tim Burton, based on the DC Comics character Batman. It is the second installment of Warner Bros.' initial "Batman" film series, with Michael Keaton reprising the role of Bruce Wayne/Batman. The film, produced by Denise Di Novi and Burton, also stars Danny DeVito as the Penguin, Michelle Pfeiffer as Catwoman, and Christopher Walken as corrupt tycoon Max Shreck.

neg: Pointy-haired Boss The Pointy-haired Boss (often abbreviated to just PHB or "The Boss") is Dilbert's boss in the "Dilbert" comic strip. He is notable for his micromanagement, gross incompetence, obliviousness to his surroundings, and unhelpful buzzword usage; yet somehow retains power in the workplace. In the "Dilbert" TV series, in which he is voiced by comedian Larry Miller, the character is notably smarter (although still quite stupid and inept) and more openly corrupt. He is also parodied in "Bee Movie" as Dean Buzzwell, also voiced by Larry Miller. Mr Perkins in "Despicable Me" is visually based on him. His motto is "Anything I Don't Understand Must Be Easy".

neg: Vito Genovese Vito "Don Vitone" Genovese (November 27, 1897 – February 14, 1969) was an Italian-American mobster who rose to power during Prohibition as an enforcer in the American Mafia. A long time associate of Charles Luciano, Genovese took part in the Castellammarese War and helped shape the rise of the Mafia and organized crime in the United States. He would later lead Luciano's crime family, which was renamed the Genovese crime family, for 12 years.

neg: Bruce Kimmel Bruce Kimmel (born December 8, 1947), also known as Guy Haines, is an actor, writer, director, composer, and Grammy-nominated CD producer. Kimmel lives in Los Angeles. He is long divorced, and has one daughter.

neg: Archie Goodwin (character) Archie Goodwin is a fictional character in Rex Stout's mysteries. The witty narrator of all the stories, he recorded the cases of his boss, Nero Wolfe, from 1934 ("Fer-de-Lance") to 1975 ("A Family Affair").

neg: Rob McConnell Robert Murray Gordon "Rob" McConnell, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (14 February 1935 – 1 May 2010) was a Canadian jazz trombonist, composer, and arranger. McConnell is best known for establishing and leading the big band The Boss Brass, which he directed from 1967 to 1999.

neg: The Boss of Big Town The Boss of Big Town is a 1942 American film directed by Arthur Dreifuss.

neg: Bruce Lee Lee Jun-fan (; November 27, 1940 – July 20, 1973), known professionally as Bruce Lee, was a Hong Kong and American actor, film director, martial artist, martial arts instructor, philosopher and founder of the martial art Jeet Kune Do. Lee was the son of Cantonese opera star Lee Hoi-chuen. He is widely considered by commentators, critics, media, and other martial artists to be one of the most influential martial artists of all time, and a pop culture icon of the 20th century. He is often credited with helping to change the way Asians were presented in American films.

neg: Evsei Agron Evsei Borisovich Agron (Russian: Евсей Борисович Агрон , "Yevsei Borisovich Agron" ; 25 January 1932 – 4 May 1985) was a thief in law ("Vor v zakone") and boss of New York City's Russian Mafia during the 1970s and 1980s. Known for his cruelty, he was called the "Godfather" of the Russian American mafia.

neg: Cliff Robertson Clifford Parker Robertson III (September 9, 1923 – September 10, 2011) was an American actor with a film and television career that spanned half a century. Robertson portrayed a young John F. Kennedy in the 1963 film "PT 109", and won the 1968 Academy Award for Best Actor for his role in the movie "Charly". On television, he portrayed retired astronaut Buzz Aldrin in the 1976 adaptation of Aldrin's autobiographic "Return to Earth", played a fictional character based on Director of Central Intelligence Richard Helms in the 1977 miniseries "", and portrayed Henry Ford in the 1987 "Ford: The Man and the Machine". His last well-known film appearances were in 2002 through 2007 as Uncle Ben in the "Spider-Man" film trilogy.

neg: Gordon Gekko Gordon Gekko is a fictional character in the 1987 film "Wall Street" and its 2010 sequel "", both directed by Oliver Stone. Gekko was portrayed by actor Michael Douglas, whose performance in the first film won him an Oscar for Best Actor.

neg: Bruce Lee (comics) Bruce Lee was a 1994 six-issue comic book miniseries published by Malibu Comics and written by Mike Baron and illustrated by Val Mayerik. It focused on a "fictional" Bruce Lee character striving his way through gangs and rival dojo owners, while building a movie career. Malibu included a "Mortal Kombat" short story in the first and fifth issues.

neg: John McClane John McClane is the main protagonist of the "Die Hard" film series. He is portrayed by Bruce Willis. He is known for his sardonic one-liners, including the famous catchphrase "Yippee-ki-yay, motherfucker".

neg: Shaft's Big Score! Shaft's Big Score! is a 1972 American neo-noir action crime–drama film starring Richard Roundtree as the private detective John Shaft. Directed by Gordon Parks, this is the second film in the trilogy. Ernest Tidyman once more supplied the screenplay. The first film's composer Isaac Hayes was unavailable, so Parks, the returning director, did the score himself. The film was produced on a budget of $1,978,000. "Shaft's Big Score!" also stars Moses Gunn, Drew Bundini Brown, Joseph Mascolo, Julius Harris, and Joe Santos.

neg: Batcave The Batcave is a fictional subterranean location appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. It is the secret headquarters of the superhero Batman, whose secret identity is Bruce Wayne, consisting of a series of underground caves beneath his personal residence, Wayne Manor.

neg: Bruce Lee Fights Back from the Grave Bruce Lee Fights Back From The Grave, released originally as Visitor of America (Hangul: 아메리카 방문객 ; Hanja: 아메리카 訪問客 ; RR: "Amelika bangmungaeg " ), is a 1976 Bruceploitation movie starring Bruce Lee impersonator and tae kwon do instructor Jun Chong (using the alias Bruce K.L. Lea). The film was directed by Lee Doo-yong, though persistent misinformation claims that the movie was directed by Italian horror director Umberto Lenzi. The poster's artwork was very common among exploitation films at the time.

neg: Alphonse D'Arco Alphonse "Little Al" D'Arco (born July 28, 1932), also known as "The Professor", is a New York mobster who became the acting boss of the Lucchese crime family. He was the first boss, acting or otherwise, of a New York crime family to become a government witness.

neg: The Untouchables (film) The Untouchables is a 1987 American gangster film directed by Brian De Palma, produced by Art Linson, written by David Mamet, and based on the book "The Untouchables" (1957). The film stars Kevin Costner, Charles Martin Smith, Andy Garcia, Robert De Niro, and Sean Connery. Ness forms the Untouchables team to bring Al Capone to justice during Prohibition. The Grammy Award-winning score was composed by Ennio Morricone and features some period-correct music by Duke Ellington.

neg: Bruceploitation Bruceploitation (a portmanteau of Bruce Lee and exploitation) refers to the practice on the part of filmmakers in mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan of hiring Bruce Lee look-alike actors ("Lee-alikes") to star in many imitation martial arts films in order to cash in on Lee's success after his death. Bruceploitation is an exploitation film subgenre mostly seen in the 1970s after Lee's death in 1973.


query: Are Mervyn LeRoy and Nicholas Ray  both American film directors ?

pos: Mervyn LeRoy Mervyn LeRoy (October 15, 1900 – September 13, 1987) was an American film director, film producer and occasional actor.

pos: Nicholas Ray Nicholas Ray (born Raymond Nicholas Kienzle Jr., August 7, 1911 – June 16, 1979) was an American film director best known for the movie "Rebel Without a Cause."

neg: Louis J. Gasnier Louis Joseph Gasnier (September 15, 1875 – February 15, 1963) was a French-born American film director, producer, screenwriter and actor. A cinema pioneer, Gasnier shepherded the early career of comedian Max Linder, co-directed the enormously successful film serial "The Perils of Pauline" (1914) and capped his output with the notorious low-budget exploitation film "Reefer Madness" (1936) which was both a critical and box office failure.

neg: Ray (film) Ray is a 2004 American musical biographical film focusing on 30 years in the life of rhythm and blues musician Ray Charles. The independently produced film was written, produced and directed by Taylor Hackford, and stars Jamie Foxx in the title role. Foxx received an Academy Award for Best Actor for his performance as well as the Golden Globe, BAFTA, Screen Actors Guild and Critics' Choice awards, becoming the second actor to win all five major lead actor awards for the same performance, and the only one to win the Golden Globe in the Musical or Comedy (rather than the Drama) category.

neg: Ray Zone Ray Zone (1947–2012) was an American film historian, author, artist, and pioneer in methods of converting flat images (in particular, comic books) into stereoscopic images.

neg: Local Boy Makes Good Local Boy Makes Good is a 1931 American Pre-Code comedy film directed by Mervyn LeRoy and written by Robert Lord, Raymond Griffith and Ray Enright. The film stars Joe E. Brown, Dorothy Lee, Ruth Hall, Edward Woods, Edward Nugent and Wade Boteler. The film was released by Warner Bros. on November 27, 1931.

neg: Stanner E.V. Taylor Stanner E.V. Taylor (28 September 1877 – 23 November 1948) was an American screenwriter and director of the silent era. He wrote for 108 films between 1908 and 1929. He was born in St. Louis, Missouri and died in Los Angeles, California. He was married to Biograph Company actress Marion Leonard.

neg: Ray Charles (musician, born 1918) Ray Charles (born Charles Raymond Offenberg; September 13, 1918April 6, 2015) was an American musician, singer, songwriter, vocal arranger and conductor who was best known as organizer and leader of the Ray Charles Singers who were featured on Perry Como's records and television shows for 35 years and were also known for a series of 30 choral record albums produced in the 1950s and 1960s for the Essex, MGM, Decca and Command labels.

neg: She's Got Everything (film) She's Got Everything is a 1937 American romantic comedy directed by Joseph Santley using a screenplay by Harry Segall and Maxwell Shane, based on a story by Shane and Joseph Hoffman. The film stars Gene Raymond and Ann Sothern, with supporting performances by Victor Moore, Helen Broderick, Parkyakarkus (also known by his real name, Harry Einstein), and Billy Gilbert. RKO Radio Pictures produced and distributed the picture, which was released on the final day of 1937.

neg: Ray Anthony Ray Anthony (born January 20, 1922) is an American bandleader, trumpeter, songwriter and actor. He is the last surviving member of the Glenn Miller Orchestra.

neg: Raymond Cannon (actor) Raymond Cannon (September 1, 1892 – June 7, 1977) was an American actor, film director, screenwriter, journalist, and author known for his work with D. W. Griffith and Buster Keaton.

neg: The Light of Western Stars (1940 film) The Light of Western Stars is a 1940 American film directed by Lesley Selander and starring Victor Jory. The film is also known as Border Renegade (American alternative title). The supporting cast features Morris Ankrum, Noah Beery, Jr., Tom Tyler and Alan Ladd (in a tiny role as a ranch hand named "Danny").

neg: Ron Merk Ron Merk is an American independent filmmaker based in San Francisco, CA. He is a producer and director best known for producing "".

neg: Run for Cover (film) Run for Cover is a 1955 Western film directed by Nicholas Ray and starring James Cagney, Viveca Lindfors, John Derek, and in his final film, Jean Hersholt. Distributed by Paramount Pictures, this film was made in VistaVision.

neg: Gordon Douglas (director) Gordon Douglas (December 15, 1907 – September 29, 1993) was an American film director, who directed many different genres of films over the course of a five-decade career in motion pictures. He was a native of New York City.

neg: Leroy Williams Leroy Williams (born 1937) is an American jazz drummer.

neg: The Toy Wife The Toy Wife is a 1938 American drama film directed by Richard Thorpe. The period film was produced by Merian C. Cooper, written by Zoë Akins and had Luise Rainer and Melvyn Douglas in the leading roles.

neg: Mervyn Nelson Mervyn Nelson (died 17 August 1991) was a stage actor, writer, director and producer. At the age of five, he started acting in vaudeville theatre, and then performed in Broadway shows during the 1940s and 1950s. His stage performances were well reviewed in "Billboard".

neg: Reginald Hazeltine Bassett Reginald Hazeltine Bassett (b. Bernard Hazeltine Bassett 3 September 1878; d. 24 April 1951) was an American composer and orchestrator who led a prolific career in film. He contributed music to over one hundred major movies from the 1920s to the 1940s. He is virtually unknown because he worked under a film studio system that not only controlled the copyrights to his music but also allowed others to take screen credit for his work.

neg: Night into Morning Night Into Morning is a 1951 American drama film starring Ray Milland and Nancy Davis.

neg: Gary Graver Gary Graver (July 20, 1938 – November 16, 2006) was an American film director and cinematographer. He was a prolific filmmaker but is best known as Orson Welles' final cinematographer. Under the pseudonym of Robert McCallum he also directed adult films.

neg: Charles L. Kimball Charles Leonard Kimball (March 24, 1897 - September 25, 1976) was an American film editor and writer.


query: The Type 31e frigate, also known as the Type 31 frigate or General Purpose Frigate (GPFF), is a planned class of frigate for the United Kingdom's Royal Navy intended to enter service in the 2020s alongside the more advanced Type 26 frigate, a class of frigate being built for which organization of the United Kingdom?

pos: Type 31e frigate The Type 31e frigate, also known as the Type 31 frigate or General Purpose Frigate (GPFF), is a planned class of frigate for the United Kingdom's Royal Navy intended to enter service in the 2020s alongside the more advanced Type 26 frigate.

pos: Type 26 frigate The Type 26 frigate or City-class frigate is a class of frigate being built for the United Kingdom's Royal Navy. The ship design and manufacture program, known as the Global Combat Ship, was created by the UK Ministry of Defence to partially replace the navy's thirteen Type 23 frigates, and for export. It will be a multi-mission warship designed to support anti-submarine warfare, air defence and general purpose operations.

neg: Cassard-class frigate The "Cassard" class (Type F70 AA) is a class of anti-air warfare destroyers of the French Navy. The class is an air defence variant of the "Georges Leygues" class . The two classes have a different armament and propulsion system mounted on an identical hull. Their primary role is to provide air cover for a fleet, an aeronaval group, a convoy & a littoral point. Their secondary role is to manage air assets coordination & aircraft control for the force, especially through Link 16.They can also be used for research, identification or presence missions. Both ships are assigned to the "Force d'Action Navale".

neg: HMS Nottingham (D91) HMS "Nottingham" was a batch two Type 42 destroyer of the Royal Navy, named after the city of Nottingham, England. She was launched on 18 February 1980, and commissioned on 8 April 1983 as the sixth ship to bear the name.

neg: Type 16 frigate The Type 16 frigates were a class of British anti-submarine frigates of the Royal Navy. They were based on the hulls of World War II-era destroyers that had been rendered obsolete by rapid advances in technology. They were similar in concept to the Type 15 frigate, but were a far more limited design rendered necessary by budget constraints.

neg: Sachsen-class frigate The F124 "Sachsen" class is Germany's latest class of highly advanced air-defense frigates. The design of the "Sachsen"-class frigate is based on that of the F123 "Brandenburg" class but with enhanced stealth features designed to deceive an opponent's radar and acoustic sensors. The class incorporates an advanced multifunction radar APAR and a SMART-L long-range radar which is purported to be capable of detecting stealth aircraft and stealth missiles.

neg: Admiral (Royal Navy) Admiral is a senior rank of the Royal Navy of the United Kingdom, which equates to the NATO rank code OF-9, outranked only by the rank admiral of the fleet. Royal Navy officers holding the ranks of rear admiral, vice admiral and admiral of the fleet are sometimes considered generically to be admirals. The rank of admiral is currently the highest rank to which an officer in the Royal Navy can be promoted admiral of the fleet being in abeyance.

neg: River-class patrol vessel The River class is a class of offshore patrol vessels built primarily for the Royal Navy of the United Kingdom. A total of nine are planned for the Royal Navy; four Batch 1 and five Batch 2. The Batch 1 ships of the class replaced the seven ships of the Island class and the two Castle-class patrol vessels.  is a variation of the River design built in Thailand for the Royal Thai Navy. The three ships of the "Amazonas"-class corvette in service with the Brazilian Navy are also a variation of the River design.

neg: INS Sahyadri INS "Sahyadri" (F49) is a "Shivalik"-class stealth multi-role frigate built for the Indian Navy. This class features improved stealth and land attack capabilities over the preceding "Talwar"-class frigate s.

neg: 43 Commando Fleet Protection Group Royal Marines The 43 Commando Fleet Protection Group Royal Marines (43 Cdo FP Gp RM), formerly Comacchio Company Royal Marines (1980–1983), Comacchio Group Royal Marines (1983–2001) and Fleet Protection Group Royal Marines (2001–2012), is a 550-man unit of the Royal Marines responsible for guarding the United Kingdom's Naval nuclear weapons and provide Royal Marine Boarding Teams and the very high readiness Fleet Contingent Troop to conduct maritime interdiction operations in support of the Royal Navy. The Unit, based at HM Naval Base Clyde, is part of 3 Commando Brigade.

neg: Planned Australian offshore combatant vessel The Offshore Combatant Vessel (OCV) is a proposed multipurpose small warship class for the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). Initially proposed in the and marked as procurement project SEA 1180, the 20 OCVs would replace 26 vessels across four separate ship classes: the "Armidale"-class patrol boat s, the "Huon"-class minehunter s, the "Leeuwin"-class survey vessel s, and the "Paluma"-class survey motor launch es. Although having a common design (which could be up to 2,000 tonnes in displacement), the ships would use a modular mission payload system to fulfil specific roles; primarily border patrol, mine warfare, and hydrographic survey. The 2013 Defence White Paper committed to the OCV project as a long-term goal, but opted in the short term for an accelerated procurement of an existing design to replace the "Armidale"s, and life-extension refits for the other types.

neg: RFA Tidespring (A136) RFA "Tidespring" is a Tide-class replenishment tanker of the British Royal Fleet Auxiliary (RFA). Ordered from DSME in 2012, the ship was accepted by the Ministry of Defence in 2017, approximately 18 months behind schedule. She arrived for final fitting out at A&P Falmouth, Cornwall on 31 March 2017, after a delivery voyage via Japan and Hawaii.

neg: Type 12 frigate Type 12 frigate refers to several ship classes, most commonly the three ship classes of the Royal Navy designed during the 1950s and constructed during the 1960s.

neg: HMS Danae (F47) HMS "Danae" was a "Leander"-class frigate of the Royal Navy. She was, like the rest of the class, named after a figure of mythology. "Danae" was built by Devonport Dockyard. She was launched on 31 October 1965 and commissioned on 10 October 1967.

neg: Cruiser A cruiser is a type of warship. The term has been in use for several hundred years, and has had different meanings throughout this period. During the Age of Sail, the term "cruising" referred to certain kinds of missions – independent scouting, commerce protection, or raiding – fulfilled by a frigate or sloop, which were the "cruising warships" of a fleet. Modern cruisers are generally the largest ships in a fleet after aircraft carriers, and can usually perform several roles.

neg: Georges Leygues-class frigate The "Georges Leygues" class (Type F70 AS) is a class of anti-submarine destroyers of the French Navy. They are multi-role ships due to their Exocet and Crotale missile armament, making them especially suitable for the defence of strategic positions, show of force operations, or as high seas escorts. The F70 is internationally labelled an "anti-submarine destroyer" (hence the "D" in the hull numbers), though the French do not use the term and refer to the ships as "frigates".

neg: HMS Tenby (F65) HMS "Tenby" was a "Whitby"-class or Type 12 anti-submarine frigate of the Royal Navy of the United Kingdom. By the early 1970s, in the latter part of her career, she was one of three frigates which formed the Dartmouth Training Squadron and was used for the training of Royal Navy Officer Cadets before being promoted to Midshipmen.

neg: Royal Navy Surface Fleet The Surface Fleet is the name given to the collection of surface vessels (as opposed to submarines or aircraft) of the Royal Navy. At present it consists of two flotillas based at HMNB Portsmouth and HMNB Devonport, both located on the south coast of England, and a flotilla based at HMNB Clyde, Faslane, Scotland. The Surface Fleet consists of a wide variety of vessels, ranging from aircraft carriers to mine countermeasures vessels to offshore patrol vessels, but the backbone of the fleet consists of destroyers (type 45) and frigates (type 23).

neg: Southampton-class frigate The "Southampton"-class frigates were 32-gun sailing frigates of the fifth rate produced for the Royal Navy. They were designed in 1756 by Sir Thomas Slade, and were the first 'true' fifth-rate frigates produced to the new single-deck concept (that is, without any gunports on the lower deck). They were, however, designed with sweep ports (for rowing) along the lower deck.

neg: Formidable-class frigate The "Formidable"-class multi-role stealth frigates are the latest surface platforms to enter into service with the Republic of Singapore Navy, and are multi-mission derivatives of the French Navy's "La Fayette"-class frigate . The six ships form the 185 Squadron of the RSN.

neg: List of River-class frigates The River class is a ship class of British-designed frigates built and operated during World War II. 151 frigates were built, and these were operated by seven different nations during the war.

neg: HMS Diamond (D34) HMS "Diamond" is the third ship of the Type 45 or "Daring"-class air-defence destroyers built for the Royal Navy. She was launched in 2007, completed her contractor's sea trials in July 2010 and arrived at her base port on 22 September 2010. "Diamond" was commissioned in a traditional ceremony on 6 May 2011, and formally entered service on 12 July 2011.