query: Name the country which adopted the Union jack as the semi-official status?

pos: Flag of Great Britain The flag of Great Britain, commonly known as the Union Jack or Union Flag, is a maritime flag of Great Britain that was used from 1606 to 1801. The design was ordered by King James VI and I to be used on ships on the high seas, and it subsequently came into use as a national flag following the Treaty of Union and Acts of Union 1707, gaining the status of "the Ensign armorial of the Kingdom of Great Britain", the newly created state. It was later adopted by land forces, although the blue field used on land-based versions more closely resembled that of the blue of the flag of Scotland.

pos: Union Jack The Union Jack, or Union Flag, is the national flag of the United Kingdom. The flag also has an official or semi-official status in some other Commonwealth realms; for example, it is, by parliamentary resolution, a ceremonial flag in Canada and known there as the Royal Union Flag. Further, it is used as an official flag in some of the smaller British overseas territories. The Union Flag also appears in the canton (upper left-hand quarter) of the flags of several nations and territories that are former British possessions or dominions.

neg: Flag of Northern Ireland The official flag of Northern Ireland is the Union Flag of the United Kingdom. From 1953 until 1973, the Ulster Banner (also known as the Ulster flag) was used by the Parliament of Northern Ireland; however, since its abolition use of the flag has been limited to representing Northern Ireland in certain sports, at the Commonwealth of Nations, at some local councils and at some other organisations and occasions. Despite this, the Ulster Banner is still commonly seen and referred to as the flag of Northern Ireland, especially by those from the unionist and loyalist communities.

neg: Law of Finland The law of Finland is a civil law, in essence statutory. The country does not, however, have codes of the kind that exist in France or Germany. The constitution of Finland, originally approved in 1919 and rewritten in 2000, has supreme authority and sets the most important procedures for enacting and applying legistlation. Judicial decisions may be authoritative as to the interpretation of legislation, but they are not judge-made law. Generally only Supreme Court decisions can be cited, and even they are not actually binding. As in Sweden, administrative law is interpreted by a separate administrative court system. Besides law proper i.e. acts of parliament ("laki"), permanent government regulations ("asetus") form an important body of law. They can clarify and guide implementation, but not contradict an act. As a member of the European Union, European Union law is in force in Finland.

neg: Politics of England The Politics of England forms the major part of the wider politics of the United Kingdom, with England being more populous than all the other countries of the United Kingdom put together. As England is also by far the largest in terms of area and GDP, its relationship to the UK is somewhat different from that of Scotland, Wales or Northern Ireland. The English capital London is also the capital of the UK, and English is the dominant language of the UK (not officially, but "de facto"). Dicey and Morris (p26) list the separate states in the British Islands. "England, Scotland, Northern Ireland, the Isle of Man, Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, and Sark... is a separate country in the sense of the conflict of laws, though not one of them is a State known to public international law." But this may be varied by statute.

neg: Flag of the United Kingdom The national flag of the United Kingdom is the Union Jack, also known as the Union Flag.

neg: Colonial history of Southern Rhodesia The territory of 'Southern Rhodesia' was originally referred to as 'South Zambezia' but the name 'Rhodesia' came into use in 1895. The designation 'Southern' was adopted in 1901 and dropped from normal usage in 1964 on the break-up of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, and Rhodesia became the name of the country until the creation of Zimbabwe Rhodesia in 1979. Legally, from the British perspective, the name Southern Rhodesia continued to be used until 18 April 1980, when the name Republic of Zimbabwe was formally proclaimed. The colonial history of Southern Rhodesia lasted from the British government's establishment of the government of Southern Rhodesia on 1 October 1923, to Prime Minister Ian Smith's unilateral declaration of independence in 1965.

neg: Currencies of the European Union There are eleven currencies of the European Union as of 2015 , the principal currency being the Euro. The Euro is used by the institutions of the European Union and by the Eurozone states, which account for 19 of the 28 member states of the European Union. All but two states are obliged to adopt the currency; Denmark and the United Kingdom, through a legal opt-out from the EU treaties, have retained the right to operate independent currencies within the European Union. The remaining eight states must join the ERM II and attain the third stage and adopt the Euro eventually.

neg: Flag of Ecuador The national flag of Ecuador, which consists of horizontal bands of yellow (double width), blue and red, was first adopted by law on 1835 and later on 26 September 1860. The design of the current flag was finalized in 1900 with the addition of the coat of arms in the center of the flag. Before using the yellow, blue and red tricolor, Ecuador used white and blue flags that contained stars for each province of the country. The design of the flag is very similar to those of Colombia and Venezuela, which are also former constituent territories of Gran Colombia. All three are based on a proposal by Venezuelan General Francisco de Miranda, which was adopted by Venezuela in 1811 and later Gran Colombia with some modifications. There is a variant of the flag that does not contain the coat of arms that is used by the merchant marine. This flag matches Colombia's in every aspect, but Colombia uses a different design when her merchant marine ships are at sail.

neg: Russia and the United Nations Russia succeeded the Soviet Union's seat, including its permanent membership on the Security Council in the United Nations after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. The succession was supported by the USSR's former members and was not objected to by the UN membership; Russia accounted for about half the Soviet Union's economy and most of its land mass; in addition, the history of the Soviet Union began in Russia. If there was to be a successor to the Soviet seat on the Security Council among the former Soviet republics, these factors made Russia seem like a logical choice. Nonetheless, due to the rather inflexible wording of the United Nations Charter and its lack of provision for succession, the succession's technical legality has been questioned by some international lawyers.

neg: Latin Union The Latin Union is a defunct international organization of nations that used Romance languages, with the aim of protecting, projecting, and promoting the common cultural heritage of Latin peoples and unifying identities of the Latin, and Latin-influenced, world. It was created in 1954 in Madrid, Spain, and existed as a functional institution from 1983 to 2012. Its membership rose from 12 to 36 states, including countries in North America, South America, Europe, Africa, and the Asia-Pacific region.

neg: Flag of Ossetia The flag used by the Republic of South Ossetia and the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania is a tricolour, top to bottom white, red, and yellow. The flag is also said to represent the social structure of ancient Ossetian society, which was divided into three social groups forming an organic whole: the military aristocracy, the clergy, and ordinary people. The colours symbolise moral purity (white), martial courage (red) and wealth and prosperity (yellow). In blazons, the flag is described as "Per fess Argent and Or, a fess Gules". The South Ossetian version was prescribed by the South Ossetian Constitution of 26 November 1990 and confirmed by the Regulation on the National Flag of 30 March 1992.

neg: Sweden proper Sweden proper (Swedish: "Egentliga Sverige" ) is a term used to distinguish those territories that were fully integrated into the Kingdom of Sweden, as opposed to the dominions and possessions of, or states in union with, Sweden.

neg: Flag of the Bahamas The national flag of the Bahamas consists of a black triangle situated at the hoist with three horizontal bands: aquamarine, yellow and aquamarine. Adopted in 1973 to replace the British Blue Ensign defaced with the emblem of the Crown Colony of the Bahama Islands, it has been the flag of the Commonwealth of the Bahamas since the country gained independence that year. The design of the present flag incorporated the elements of various submissions made in a national contest for a new flag prior to independence.

neg: Foreign relations of Luxembourg Grand Duchy of Luxembourg has long been a prominent supporter of European political and economic integration. In efforts foreshadowing European integration, Luxembourg and Belgium in 1921 formed the Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union (BLEU) to create an inter-exchangeable currency and a common customs regime. Luxembourg is a member of the Benelux Economic Union and was one of the founding members of the United Nations and the European Economic Community (now the European Union). It also participates in the Schengen Group (named after the Luxembourg village where the agreements were signed), whose goal is the free movement of citizens among member states. At the same time, the majority of Luxembourgers have consistently believed that European unity makes sense only in the context of a dynamic transatlantic relationship, and thus have traditionally pursued a pro-NATO, pro-US foreign policy.

neg: Estonia–India relations Estonia–India relations refers to the bilateral diplomatic relations between Estonia and India. India first recognised Estonia on 22 September 1921 when the former had just acquired membership in the League of Nations. India re-recognised Estonia on 9 September 1991 and diplomatic relations were established on 2 December of the same year in Helsinki. Estonia is represented in India by its embassy in New Delhi and its honorary consulate in Mumbai. India is represented in Estonia through its embassy in Helsinki (Finland) and through an honorary consulate in Tallinn.

neg: Rugby union in the British Isles "Rugby union" is a popular sport in England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland. The game was arguably invented in 1823 by William Webb Ellis, and in 1871 the English Rugby Football Union was the first national rugby football union to be founded. It is organised "separately" in each of these countries, and also on an all-Ireland basis.

neg: Foreign relations of Malta For several years after independence in 1964, under the Nationalist Party government, Malta followed a policy of close co-operation with the United Kingdom and other NATO countries. This relationship changed with the election of the Labour Party government in June 1971, led by Dom Mintoff. The NATO subheadquarters in Malta was closed at the request of the government, and the United States Sixth Fleet discontinued recreational visits to the country.

neg: Cockade of Argentina The Argentine cockade (Spanish: "escarapela argentina" ) is one of the national symbols of Argentina, instituted by decree on February 18, 1812 by the First Triumvirate, who determined that ""the national cockade of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata shall be of colours white and light blue [...]"".

neg: Flag of Guyana The flag of Guyana, known as The Golden Arrowhead , has been the national flag of "Guyana" since May 1966 when the country became independent from the United Kingdom. It was designed by Whitney Smith, an American vexillologist (though originally without the black and white fimbriations, which were later additions suggested by the College of Arms in the United Kingdom). The proportions of the national flag are 3:5. The colours are symbolic, with green for agriculture and forests, white for rivers and water, gold for mineral wealth, black for endurance, and red for zeal and dynamism.

neg: Union between Sweden and Norway Sweden and Norway or Sweden–Norway (Swedish: "Svensk-norska unionen" ; Norwegian: "Den svensk-norske union" ), officially the United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway, or as the United Kingdoms, was a personal union of the separate kingdoms of Sweden and Norway under a common monarch and common foreign policy that lasted from 1814 until its dissolution in 1905.

neg: Canada–European Union relations Relations between Canada and the European Union (EU) and its forerunners date back to the 1950s. While the relationship is primarily an economic one, there are also matters of political cooperation. In addition, Canada similar forms of government, and Canadians speak European languages (English and French are official and majority languages). Canada had achieved full independence from the United Kingdom following the Patriation in 1982 but maintains numerous constitutional ties with its former host nation. They share the same head of state (Elizabeth II), same systems of government (the Westminster system), and a similar culture. Between the province of Quebec and France, they speak the same language (French), the majority of residents of Quebec are of French descent, and ties between that province and France are close. Canada's strong bilateral relations with France and the United Kingdom (both EU members) helps bring Canada diplomatically closer to the union.


query: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception is an action-adventure video game developed by Naughty Dog, the plot draws from the archaeology days of T. E. Lawrence, was a British archaeologist, military officer, diplomat, and writer, born on which date?

pos: Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception is an action-adventure video game developed by Naughty Dog and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation 3. Released on November 2011, it is the sequel to "", and the third game in the "Uncharted" series. The game follows protagonist Nathan Drake who, with his mentor Victor Sullivan, travels around the world in search of the legendary lost city the Iram of the Pillars within the Rub' al Khali desert, a place mentioned from the Quran. The plot draws from the archaeology days of T. E. Lawrence. "Drake's Deception" is the last game in the series to be developed under series' lead writer and creative director Amy Hennig.

pos: T. E. Lawrence Thomas Edward Lawrence, (16 August 1888 – 19 May 1935) was a British archaeologist, military officer, diplomat, and writer. He was renowned for his liaison role during the Sinai and Palestine Campaign and the Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Empire during the First World War. The breadth and variety of his activities and associations, and his ability to describe them vividly in writing, earned him international fame as Lawrence of Arabia—a title used for the 1962 film based on his wartime activities.

neg: Augustus Pitt Rivers Augustus Henry Lane-Fox Pitt Rivers (14 April 1827 – 4 May 1900) was an English army officer, ethnologist, and archaeologist. He was noted for innovations in archaeological methodology, and in the museum display of archaeological and ethnological collections. His international collection of about 22,000 objects was the founding collection of the Pitt Rivers Museum at the University of Oxford while his collection of English archaeology from the area around Stonehenge forms the basis of the collection at The Salisbury Museum in Wiltshire.

neg: A. L. Rowse Alfred Leslie Rowse (4 December 1903 – 3 October 1997), known publicly as A. L. Rowse but to friends and family as "Leslie", was a British author and historian from Cornwall, England, UK.

neg: F. L. Lucas Frank Laurence Lucas (28 December 1894 – 1 June 1967) was an English classical scholar, literary critic, poet, novelist, playwright, political polemicist, Fellow of King's College, Cambridge, and intelligence officer at Bletchley Park during World War II.

neg: Evans Bell Thomas Evans Bell (11 November 1825–12 September 1887) was an English Indian army officer and writer. He used the pseudonyms Undecimus (in "The Reasoner") and Indicus (1865).

neg: Leslie Charteris Leslie Charteris (born Leslie Charles Bowyer-Yin, 12 May 1907 – 15 April 1993), born was a British-Chinese author of adventure fiction, as well as a screenwriter. He was best known for his many books chronicling the adventures of the charming antihero Simon Templar, alias "The Saint."

neg: N. G. L. Hammond Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière Hammond, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (15 November 1907 – 24 March 2001) was a British scholar of ancient Greece and an operative for the British Special Operations Executive (SOE) in occupied Greece during World War II.

neg: Edward Seymour (British Army officer) Major Sir Edward Seymour {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (10 February 1877 – 28 February 1948) was a British Army officer and courtier.

neg: Tim Severin Tim Severin (born 25 Sept 1940) is a British explorer, historian and writer. Severin is noted for his work in retracing the legendary journeys of historical figures. Severin was awarded both the Gold Medal of the Royal Geographical Society and the Livingstone Medal of the Royal Scottish Geographical Society. He received the Thomas Cook Travel Book Award for his 1982 book "The Sindbad Voyage".

neg: Dominic Tweddle Dominic Tweddle, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} , is an English archaeologist specialising in Anglo-Saxon studies and the Director General of the National Museum of the Royal Navy. Previously he spent time as a Research Assistant at the British Museum and as the Assistant Director of the York Archaeological Trust, where he helped develop the Jorvik Viking Centre. He is also an honorary professor at the UCL Institute of Archaeology and the University of Portsmouth.

neg: Geoffrey Martin (historian) Professor Geoffrey Haward Martin CBE (27 September 1928 – 20 December 2007) was a respected British academic, historian and from 1982 until 1988 Keeper of Public Records of the UK.

neg: Jill Braithwaite Jill Braithwaite, Lady Braithwaite (15 September 1937 - 10 November 2008) was a British diplomat and archaeologist.

neg: Henry Adrian Churchill Henry Adrian Churchill CB (16 September 1828 – 12 July 1886) was an archaeological explorer of ancient Mesopotamia and a British diplomat who stopped much of the commercial slavery in Zanzibar and helped prevent a war between Zanzibar and Oman.

neg: Henry Maxwell Lyte Sir Henry Churchill Maxwell Lyte (or Maxwell-Lyte ) KCB (29 May 1848 – 28 October 1940) was an English historian and archivist. He served as Deputy Keeper of the Public Records from 1886 to 1926, and was the author of numerous books including a history of Eton College.

neg: Robert Parker (historian) Robert C. T. Parker, FBA (born 19 October 1950) is a British ancient historian and academic, specialising in ancient Greek religion.

neg: John Henry Parker John Henry Parker {'1': ", '2': ", '3': 'CB', '4': "} (1 March 1806 – 31 January 1884) was an English archaeologist and writer on architecture and publisher.

neg: Hubert S. Martin Hubert Stanley Martin {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (1879 – 17 November 1938) was a British diplomat, an early Scouting leader, The Boy Scouts Association's International Commissioner and the first director of the Boy Scouts International Bureau in 1920, a position he held until his death.

neg: Lawrence Wells Lawrence Allen "Larry" Wells (30 April 1860 – 11 May 1938), frequently spelled Laurence Allen Wells, was an Australian explorer.

neg: William Lambarde William Lambarde (18 October 1536 – 19 August 1601) was an English antiquarian, writer on legal subjects, and politician. He is particularly remembered as the author of "A Perambulation of Kent" (1576), the first English county history; "Eirenarcha" (1581), a widely read manual on the office and role of justice of the peace; and "Archeion" (completed c.1591, though not published until 1635), a discourse that sought to trace the Anglo-Saxon roots of English common law, prerogative and government.

neg: Thomas Alexander Barns Thomas Alexander Barns FZS FES, also known as T. A. Barns and T. Alexander Barns, and in his private life as Alexander Barns (4 June 1881 – 4 March 1930), was an English business man, explorer, big game hunter, author, artist, naturalist and lecturer connected with the opening up of Central Africa by Europeans in the early 20th century.

neg: David Oates (archaeologist) Edward Ernest David Michael Oates, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (25 February 1927 – 22 March 2004), known as David Oates, was a British archaeologist and academic specialising in the Ancient Near East. He was director of the excavations at Nimrud from 1958 to 1962, Tell al-Rimah from 1964 to 1971 and at Tell Brak from 1976 to 2004. He was Professor of Western Asiatic Archaeology at the Institute of Archaeology from 1969 to 1982 and Fellow of the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research from 1997 to 2004.


query: What elongate trend containing deposits of iron ore is in Marble, Minnesota?

pos: Hill-Annex Mine State Park Hill-Annex Mine State Park is a state park of Minnesota, United States, interpreting the open-pit mining heritage of the Mesabi Range. The park is located in the city of Marble, and just outside the adjacent city of Calumet, both in Itasca County, Minnesota. The park provides access to fossil material exposed by mining from the Cretaceous era Coleraine Formation.

pos: Mesabi Range The Mesabi Iron Range is an elongate trend containing large deposits of iron ore, and the largest of four major iron ranges in the region collectively known as the Iron Range of Minnesota. Discovered in 1866, it is the chief iron ore mining district in the United States. The district is located in northeast Minnesota, largely in Itasca and Saint Louis counties. It was extensively worked in the earlier part of the 20th century. Extraction operations declined throughout the mid-1970s but rebounded in 2005. China's growing demand for iron, along with the falling value of the U.S. dollar versus other world currencies, have made taconite production profitable again, and some mines that had closed have been reopened, while current mines have been expanded.

neg: Pinpet Mining Project The Pinpet Mining Project is an open-pit iron ore mine in Mount Pinpet, Shan State, Myanmar. Plans for the project started in 2003, and construction of an iron ore factory has been underway since 2004. The Pinpet deposit consists of an estimated 10 million tons of hematite with 56.4% iron and reserves of limonite at 70 million tons with 42.6% iron. The mountain also has an estimated deposit of 30 million tons of limestone, which can be used to make cement. A cement factory under the Burmese Kanbawza Development Co. is currently under construction.

neg: Jackson Mine The Jackson Mine is an open pit iron mine in Negaunee, Michigan, extracting resources from the Marquette Iron Range. The first iron mine in the Lake Superior region, Jackson Mine was designated as a Michigan State Historic Site in 1956 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971. The Lake Superior Mining Institute said, the mine "is attractive in the iron ore region of Michigan and the entire Lake Superior region, because of the fact it was here that the first discovery of iron ore was made, here the first mining was done, and from its ore the first iron was manufactured." Multiple other mines soon followed the Jackson's lead, establishing the foundation of the economy of the entire region. The mine is located northwest of intersection of Business M-28 and Cornish Town Road.

neg: Ironton (town), Wisconsin Ironton is a town in Sauk County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 650 at the 2000 census. The town was named from deposits of iron ore in the area. The Village of Ironton is located within the town.

neg: Volcanogenic massive sulfide ore deposit Volcanogenic massive sulfide ore deposits, also known as VMS ore deposits, are a type of metal sulfide ore deposit, mainly copper-zinc which are associated with and created by volcanic-associated hydrothermal events in submarine environments.

neg: Minaret Peak "'Fatima namagari' " is a distinctive rock peak at the northwest end of the Marble Hills in the Heritage Range, Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica. It was named by the University of Minnesota Ellsworth Mountains Party of 1962–63 because the peak resembles a minaret.

neg: Mountain Iron, Minnesota Mountain Iron is a city in Saint Louis County, Minnesota, United States; in the heart of the Mesabi Range. The population was 2,869 at the 2010 census.

neg: Iron Mountain (Florida) Iron Mountain is one of the highest points in peninsular Florida, United States and a prominent point of the Lake Wales Ridge. Rising 295 ft above sea level, The mountain contains citronelle, a hematite-containing rock that oxidizes when exposed to air and is responsible for the red-brown color of the earth. The ridge is located just north of the city of Lake Wales. The tower of the famous tourist attraction Bok Tower Gardens is built on the summit.

neg: Osteopetrosis Osteopetrosis, literally "stone bone", also known as marble bone disease, is an extremely rare inherited disorder whereby the bones harden, becoming denser, in contrast to more prevalent conditions like osteoporosis, in which the bones become less dense and more brittle, or osteomalacia, in which the bones soften. Osteopetrosis can cause bones to dissolve and break.

neg: Lateritic nickel ore deposits Lateritic nickel ore deposits are surficial, weathered rinds formed on ultramafic rocks.

neg: Round Island Channel The Round Island Channel is a navigable Lake Huron waterway located between Mackinac Island and Round Island in the Straits of Mackinac. It forms a key link in the lake freighter route between Lake Superior and Lake Michigan, on which millions of tons of taconite iron ore are shipped annually. The channel also provides access to the harbor of Mackinac Island, Michigan, and is used by commercial ferryboats delivering passengers to the small island city.

neg: Marble Range The Marble Range is a small mountain range adjoining the Fraser River on the southwestern edge of the Interior Plateau of British Columbia. It has an area of 1,250 square kilometres and about 65 km NNW to SSE and about 20 km wide. Its southern flank is the north wall of Marble Canyon and the valley occupied by the ranching and First Nations community of Pavilion.

neg: Ekplexite Ekplexite is a unique sulfide-hydroxide niobium-rich mineral with the formula (Nb,Mo)S•(MgAl)(OH). It is unique because niobium is usually found in oxide or, eventually, silicate minerals. Ekplexite is a case in which chalcophile behaviour of niobium is shown, which means niobium present in a sulfide mineral. The unique combination of elements in ekplexite has to do with its name, which comes from a Greek world on "surprise". The other example of chalcophile behaviour of niobium is edgarite, FeNbS, and both minerals were found in the same environment, which is a fenitic rock of Mt. Kaskasnyunchorr, Khibiny Massif, Kola Peninsula, Russia. Analysis of the same rock has revealed the presence of two analogues of ekplexite, kaskasite (molybdenum-analogue) and manganokaskasite (molybdenum- and manganese-analogue). All three minerals belong to the valleriite group, and crystallize in the trigonal system with similar possible space groups.

neg: Slackwater Cirque Slackwater Cirque ( ) is the westernmost cirque on Eastwind Ridge which is connected to the "dead" western terminus of Towle Glacier, in the Convoy Range, Victoria Land. So little ice from Eastwind Ridge enters the cirque that it barely makes any contribution to the west end of the Towle Glacier and arcuate supraglacial moraines remain drifting within the cirque. So named by a 1989-90 New Zealand Antarctic Research Program (NZARP) field party to describe the sluggish ice flow of this cirque.

neg: Browns polymetallic ore deposit The Browns polymetallic ore deposit is a large ore deposit located at Mount Fitch, near Batchelor, 64 kilometres south of Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.

neg: Marshall, Minnesota Marshall is a city in Lyon County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 13,680 at the 2010 census. Marshall is a regional center in southwest Minnesota, and the county seat of Lyon County. Marshall is the headquarters of the Schwan Food Company and the home of Southwest Minnesota State University. Marshall is also the site of Exelon Wind's Marshall Wind Project.

neg: Sioux Quartzite The Sioux Quartzite is a Proterozoic quartzite that is found in region around the intersection of Minnesota, South Dakota, and Iowa, and correlates with other rock units throughout the upper midwestern and southwestern United States. It was formed by braided river deposits, and its correlative units are thought to possibly define a large sedimentary wedge that once covered the passive margin on the then-southern side of the North American craton. In human history, it provided the catlinite, or pipestone, that was used by the Plains Indians to carve ceremonial pipes. With the arrival of Europeans, it was heavily quarried for building stone, and was used in many prominent structures in Sioux Falls, South Dakota and shipped to construction sites around the Midwest. Sioux Quartzite has been and continues to be quarried in Jasper, Minnesota at the Jasper Stone Company and Quarry, which itself was posted to the National Register of Historic Places on January 5, 1978. Jasper, Minnesota contains many turn-of-the-century quartzite buildings, including the school, churches and several other public and private structures, mostly abandoned.

neg: Irondequoit Limestone The Irondequoit Limestone is a geologic formation in New York and southern Ontario. It preserves fossils dating back to the Silurian period.

neg: Iron Mountain, Missouri Iron Mountain is an unincorporated community in southwestern St. Francois County, Missouri, United States. It is located about six miles south of Bismarck. The community was founded in 1836 as a mining site and it was named for nearby Iron Mountain, once thought to be made completely of iron ore. A post office called Iron Mountain was established in 1846, and remained in operation until 1978.

neg: Wunsiedel Marble Wunsiedel Marble (German: "Wunsiedler Marmor" ) is a group of metamorphic carbonate rocks, which were, and are, mainly extracted in the German town Wunsiedel at several quarries. This Upper Franconian calcite marble occurs both in this region and beyond, particularly in Bavaria. It is found in a northern band (around Wunsiedel) and southern band (at Marktredwitz and Arzberg).

neg: Lac La Belle, Michigan Lac La Belle (French: "Lake Beautiful"), is the name given to both a lake and a small unincorporated community in Keweenaw County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The town was originally the site of a stamping plant for the copper mines of the Keweenaw, specifically the Mendota Mine and the Delaware Mine. Copper-bearing rock was transported from the mines to the stamping plant, where it was processed and loaded onto freighters. The lake is a typical "Canadian Shield" type lake averaging approximately 30 feet (9 m) deep, and empties into Lake Superior at Bete Gris, by way of both a natural channel and a dredged canal. The canal was dredged in the 1860s with funding from several copper mining companies, for use by lake freighters, carrying copper ore.


query: The L5 Society founded by the fans of the Space Colonization and Industrialization work of a physicist born in which year ?

pos: National Space Institute The National Space Institute was a space advocacy group, the first of its kind, established by Dr. Wernher von Braun to help maintain the public's support for the United States space program. It has since merged, in 1987, with the L5 Society founded by fans of the Space Colonization and Industrialization work of Dr. Gerard K. O'Neill, to become the present-day National Space Society.

pos: Gerard K. O'Neill Gerard Kitchen O'Neill (February 6, 1927 – April 27, 1992) was an American physicist and space activist. As a faculty member of Princeton University, he invented a device called the particle storage ring for high-energy physics experiments. Later, he invented a magnetic launcher called the mass driver. In the 1970s, he developed a plan to build human settlements in outer space, including a space habitat design known as the O'Neill cylinder. He founded the Space Studies Institute, an organization devoted to funding research into space manufacturing and colonization.

neg: Menas Kafatos Menas C. Kafatos (Greek: Μηνάς Καφάτος ; born 25 March 1945) is an American physicist of Greek descent and a writer on spirituality and science. His publications include: "The Nonlocal Universe" and "The Conscious Universe". Kafatos has written and lectured extensively promoting discourse between science, spirituality, and religion. He has held numerous positions at institutions including Chapman University, George Mason University, and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.

neg: Louis Winslow Austin Louis Winslow Austin (October 30, 1867 – June 27, 1932) was an American physicist known for his research on long-range radio transmissions.

neg: George Gamow George Gamow (March 4 [O.S. February 20] 1904 August 19, 1968), born Georgiy Antonovich Gamov (Russian: Гео́ргий Анто́нович Га́мов ; ] ), was a theoretical physicist and cosmologist. He was an early advocate and developer of Lemaître's Big Bang theory. He discovered a theoretical explanation of alpha decay via quantum tunneling, and worked on radioactive decay of the atomic nucleus, star formation, stellar nucleosynthesis and Big Bang nucleosynthesis (which he collectively called nucleocosmogenesis), and molecular genetics.

neg: Albert van den Berg (physicist) Albert van den Berg (born 20 September 1957) is a Dutch physicist who works on nanotechnology-miniaturization in physics, chemistry, biology and biotechnology (nanofluidics, nanosensors, "Lab on a chip" (LOC)).

neg: Thomas Edison Thomas Alva Edison (February 11, 1847October 18, 1931) was an American inventor and businessman, who has been described as America's greatest inventor. He developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world, including the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and the long-lasting, practical electric light bulb. Dubbed "The Wizard of Menlo Park", he was one of the first inventors to apply the principles of mass production and large-scale teamwork to the process of invention, and because of that, he is often credited with the creation of the first industrial research laboratory.

neg: Edward L. Wright Edward L. (Ned) Wright (born August 25, 1947 in Washington, D.C.) is an American astrophysicist and cosmologist, well known for his achievements in the COBE, WISE, and WMAP projects and as a fanatic Big Bang proponent in web tutorials on cosmology and theory of relativity.

neg: Erick Weinberg Erick J. Weinberg (born August 29, 1947) is a theoretical physicist and Professor of physics at the Department of Physics in Columbia University.

neg: Fan Haifu Fan Haifu (; born 15 August 1933) is a Chinese physicist. He is a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and The World Academy of Sciences.

neg: Eugene F. Lally Eugene F. Lally (August 14, 1934 – July 28, 2014) was American aerospace engineer. He worked in the early 1960s on U.S. interplanetary space programs. Beside his space programs he was also an inventor and developed non-space products with his own company "Dynamic Development Co." which he founded in the early 1960s. He later became an active amateur photographer and lubrication product entrepreneur. Lally contributed articles for popular space, astrobiology, photography, travel, and archaeology magazines. He was also a speaker at local space exploration and extraterrestrial intelligence (UFO) society meetings where he gave first-hand accounts of the early U.S. space program, commentaries on current U.S. space exploration activities and the search for extraterrestrial intelligence.

neg: Nikola Tesla in popular culture Nikola Tesla (10 July 1856 – 7 January 1943) is portrayed in multiple forms of popular culture. The Serbian-American engineer has particularly been depicted in science fiction, a genre which is well-suited to address his inventions; while often exaggerated, the fictionalized variants build mostly upon his own alleged claims or ideas. A popular, growing fixation among science fiction, comic book, and speculative history storytellers is to portray Tesla as a member of a secret society, along with other luminaries of science. The impacts of the technologies invented by Nikola Tesla are a recurring theme in the steampunk genre of alternate technology science-fiction.

neg: Peter Higgs Peter Ware Higgs (born 29 May 1929) is a British theoretical physicist, emeritus professor at the University of Edinburgh, and Nobel Prize laureate for his work on the mass of subatomic particles.

neg: Heinz-Jürgen Kluge Heinz-Jürgen Kluge, known as Jürgen Kluge (born 25 April 1941), is a physicist probably best known for the development of ion-storage devices and methods for accurate measurements of nuclear masses.

neg: Frank B. Jewett Frank Baldwin Jewett ( ; 5 September 1879 – 18 November 1949) was a physicist and the first president of Bell Labs.

neg: Alexander Kuzemsky Alexander Leonidovich Kuzemsky (Russian: Александр Леонидович Куземский ; born 1944) is a Russian (and former Soviet) theoretical physicist.

neg: Lynde Wheeler Lynde Phelps Wheeler (July 27, 1874 – February 1, 1959) was an American physicist and engineer.

neg: Shawn Carlson Shawn Carlson (born 1960) is an American physicist, science writer, and a STEM educator.

neg: Joshua N. Goldberg Joshua N. Goldberg (born May 30, 1925 in Rochester, New York) is an American physicist and educator. He is particularly noted for his research on general relativity.

neg: Werner Israel Werner Israel, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (born October 4, 1931) is a world renowned physicist, author, researcher, and professor at the University of Victoria.

neg: Scott Tremaine Scott Duncan Tremaine (born 1950) is a Canadian-born astrophysicist. He is a fellow of the Royal Society of London, the Royal Society of Canada and the National Academy of Sciences. Tremaine is widely regarded as one of the world's leading astrophysicists for his contributions to the theory of solar system and galactic dynamics. Tremaine is the namesake of asteroid 3806 Tremaine. He is credited with coining the name "Kuiper belt".

neg: Bryan Webber Bryan Ronald Webber, FRS, FInstP (born 25 July 1943) is a British physicist and academic. He was a Fellow of Emmanuel College, Cambridge from 1973 to 2010, and Professor of Theoretical Physics at the University of Cambridge from 1999 to 2010. He has been awarded the Dirac Medal by the Institute of Physics and the Sakurai Prize by the American Physical Society.


query: Which actress from Love Rain was also known by the mononym Yoona?

pos: Love Rain Love Rain () is a 2012 South Korean television series directed by Yoon Seok-ho. Set in the seventies and the present day, it tells a love story over two generations, with Jang Keun-suk and Im Yoon-ah playing dual roles. It aired on KBS2 from March 26 to May 29, 2012 on Mondays and Tuesdays at 21:55 for 20 episodes.

pos: Im Yoon-ah Im Yoon-ah (Hangul: 임윤아 ; born May 30, 1990), better known by the mononym Yoona, is a South Korean singer and actress. She debuted as a member of girl group Girls' Generation in August 2007, who went on to become one of the best-selling artists in South Korea and one of South Korea's most popular girl groups worldwide.

neg: Yuna Taira Yuna Taira (平 祐奈 , Taira Yūna , born November 12, 1998) is a Japanese actress.

neg: Mayumi Nagisa Mayumi Nagisa (渚 まゆみ , Nagisa Mayumi ) is a Japanese actress and singer.

neg: Kim Hyun-joo Kim Hyun-joo (born April 24, 1977) is a South Korean actress. She is best known for starring in the television dramas "Glass Slippers" (2002), "Miss Kim's Million Dollar Quest" (2004), "The Land" (2004), "Twinkle Twinkle" (2011), "What's With This Family" (2014), "I Have a Lover" (2015) and "Fantastic (TV series)" (2016).

neg: Kim Yoon-seo Kim Yoon-seo (born Kim Ga-eun on March 28, 1986) is a South Korean actress. She made her acting debut in 2009, and has played supporting roles in television dramas such as "Glass Mask" (2012), "You're the Best, Lee Soon-shin" (2013) and "Legendary Witches" (2014).

neg: Secret Love (2010 film) Secret Love () is a 2010 South Korean film starring Yoo Ji-tae and Yoon Jin-seo, who previously worked together in "Oldboy".

neg: Ryu Hyo-young Ryu Hyoyoung (born April 22, 1993), better known by the mononym Hyoyoung, is a South Korean actress, model, and rapper. She was a member of the South Korean co-ed group Coed School and the girl group F-ve Dolls.

neg: A Midsummer Night's Sweetness "A Midsummer Night's Sweetness" (Hangul: 한여름밤의 꿀 ; RR: "Hanyeoreumbamui Kkul " ) is a song by rapper San E and After School's Raina. It was released on June 12, 2014.

neg: Yoon Chae-kyung Yoon Chae-kyung (born July 7, 1996), is a South Korean singer and actress. She originally debuted in 2012 as a member of Japan-based South Korean girl-group Puretty under DSP Media. She is also known as a contestant of "Kara Project" (2014) and "Produce 101" (2016).

neg: Kim Young-ae Kim Young-ae (Korean: 김영애 ; 21 April 1951 – 9 April 2017) was a South Korean actress.

neg: Yoon Yoo-sun Yoon Yoo-sun (born January 17, 1969) is a South Korean actress. Yoon began her career as a child actress in 1975, and continues to be active in film and television, notably in "The Story of Two Women" (1994), "Even If the Wind Blows" (1995), "" (2011) and "Another Promise" (2014).

neg: Shannon (South Korean singer) Shannon Areum Williams Lees (Hangul: 샤넌 아름 윌리엄스 리즈 ; born 26 May 1998), referred to monomously as Shannon or Shannon Williams, is a British-Korean singer and actress based in South Korea. She officially debuted as a solo artist in December 2014 with her digital single, "Daybreak Rain".

neg: Yoon So-yi Yoon So-yi (born Moon So-yi on January 5, 1985) is a South Korean actress. She debuted as a print and commercial model, then began acting in Ryoo Seung-wan's action-comedy film "Arahan" in 2004, followed by "Shadowless Sword" in 2005. Yoon has had leading roles in television dramas, notably in "Goodbye Solo" (2006), "Glass Castle" (2008), "Hero" (2009), and "Warrior Baek Dong-soo" (2011).

neg: Yoon Bo-ra Yoon Bo-ra (born December 30, 1989), better known by the mononym Bora, is a South Korean singer and actress. She is a former member of the South Korean girl group Sistar and its sub-group Sistar19.

neg: Megumi Odaka Megumi Odaka (小高恵美 , Odaka Megumi , born May 9, 1972 in Kanagawa, Japan) , is a former Japanese idol, actress and singer.

neg: Early Works (Rain album) Early Works is the Japanese compilation album by South Korean pop and R&B singer Rain.

neg: My Love, My Bride (2014 film) My Love, My Bride () is a 2014 South Korean romantic comedy film starring Jo Jung-suk and Shin Min-ah.

neg: Yen Santos Lilieyen Santos, better known as Yen Santos, is a Filipino actress. She first appeared in television through "" and gained popularity as one of the lead stars in the hit drama, "Pure Love" as Ysabel Espiritu.

neg: Rain (Taeyeon song) "Rain" is a song by South Korean singer Kim Tae-yeon, a member of the South Korean girl group Girls' Generation. It was released digitally by S.M. Entertainment on February 3, 2016.

neg: Loveholic (TV series) Loveholic () is a 2005 South Korean television series starring Kangta, Kim Min-sun, Lee Sun-kyun and Yoo In-young. It aired on KBS2 from May 2 to June 21, 2005 on Mondays and Tuesdays at 21:55 for 16 episodes.

neg: Lizzy (singer) Park Soo-young (born July 31, 1992), better known by her stage name Lizzy, is a South Korean singer and actress. She is a member of the girl group After School and its sub-unit Orange Caramel. In March 2010, she debuted in After School with the release of their third single, "Bang!", and debuted as a solo singer in January 2015 with "Not an Easy Girl". She has acted in various films and television shows, including "All My Love" (2011), "Love Forecast" (2015) and "Angry Mom" (2015).


query: What was the english name of the song that launched the carrer of Nena?

pos: Gib Gas – Ich will Spass (1983 film) Gib Gas – Ich will Spass (German for “Step on the gas – I want fun”) is a 1983 film which helped to launch the career of the German pop singer Nena, although it took its title from the lyrics of her co-star Markus Mörl's 1982 hit single "Ich will Spass". Following the success of Nena's song "99 Luftballons" (which is not featured in the film), it was dubbed into English and released in the USA under the title "Hangin' out".

pos: 99 Luftballons "99 Luftballons" (German: "Neunundneunzig Luftballons" , "99 balloons") is an anti-war protest song by the German band Nena from their 1983 self-titled album. An English-language version titled "99 Red Balloons", with lyrics by Kevin McAlea, was also released on the album "99 Luftballons" in 1984 after widespread success of the original in Europe and Japan. The English version is not a direct translation of the German original and contains somewhat different lyrics.

neg: Tarana Tarana or Taranah (Urdu:  , Hindi: तराना ) is a type of composition in Hindustani classical vocal music in which certain words and syllables (e.g. "odani", "todani", "tadeem" and "yalali") based on Persian and Arabic phonemes are rendered at a medium ("madhya") or fast ("drut") pace ("laya"). It was invented by Amir Khusro (1253-1325 CE), and is similar to the Qalbana form of Sufi poetry. In modern times, the tarana is most commonly associated with the singer Amir Khan, who helped popularize it and researched its origins and the syllables used. Tarana was also used by Sikh tenth Guru Sri Guru Gobind Singh in his compositions like "jagardang nagardang bagardang".

neg: In2 "In2" is the debut single by English R&B trio WSTRN. It was released on 6 November 2015 by Atlantic Records. The song peaked at number four on the UK Singles Chart, having initially reached number 60 based on streams alone.

neg: Carnival song A carnival song or canto carnascialesco (pl. "canti carnascialeschi") was a late fifteenth- and early sixteenth-century song used to celebrate the carnival season in Florence, mainly the weeks preceding Lent and the Calendimaggio, which lasted from May 1 to June 24. The festivities included song and dance, usually performed or led by masked professionals.

neg: No Man's Land (Beverley Knight song) "No Man's Land" is the first single released by British singer-songwriter Beverley Knight from her fifth studio album, "Music City Soul". The song was released on 16 April 2007 digitally and 30 April 2007 physically and peaked at number forty-three on the UK singles chart. A further digital single was released on August 21, 2007 in support of her live performances at the iTunes festival in July, 2007, containing three live tracks. The digital EP release was the first of a two-part digital single, the second being released to promote the third single from "Music City Soul", "The Queen of Starting Over".

neg: Nena Nena (] ; born Gabriele Susanne Kerner, 24 March 1960) is a German singer-songwriter, actress, and comedian who rose to international fame in 1983 with the New German Wave song "99 Luftballons". In 1984, she re-recorded this song in English as "99 Red Balloons". Nena was also the name of the band with whom she released the song. The re-recording of some of her old songs rekindled her career in 2002. In 2007, she co-founded Neue Schule Hamburg.

neg: Unbennaeth Prydain Unbennaeth or Unbeinyaeth Prydein (Welsh for  "The Monarchy of Britain") was an Old Welsh composition that served as a kind of national anthem in Wales in the Early Middle Ages. The bards of the royal courts of Aberffraw, Dinefwr, Mathrafal, and Caerleon were required by law to follow the army and recite the song before and after every battle. For this service, he received the next-best beast from the spoils after the king's and was valued at 126 cows.

neg: A Mind of Its Own "A Mind of Its Own" is a song by British singer-songwriter, Victoria Beckham. It was released on 11 February 2002 as the second single from her debut self-titled solo album (2001). It peaked and debuted at number six on the UK Singles Chart and sold 56,570 becoming the 173rd best seller of 2002. There is a French version of the song called "Mon Coeur N'en Fait Qu'a Sa Tete" (an adaptation of the title into French, or "my heart does what it wants to do").

neg: Sandie Shaw Sandie Shaw, MBE (born Sandra Ann Goodrich; 26 February 1947) is an English singer. One of the most successful British female singers of the 1960s, in 1967 the song "Puppet on a String" performed by her became the first British entry to win the Eurovision Song Contest. After a long and successful career, Shaw announced her retirement from the music industry in 2013.

neg: Gaana.com Gaana.com is a commercial music streaming service providing free and licensed music. It was launched in April 2010 by Times Internet and provides both Indian and international music content. The entire Indian music catalog is available to users worldwide. Gaana.com features music from 21 languages including the major languages such as Hindi, English, Bengali, Odia,Kannada, Marathi, Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam and other Indian regional languages.

neg: Pokarekare Ana "Pokarekare Ana" is a traditional New Zealand love song, probably communally composed about the time World War I began in 1914. The song is written in Māori and has been translated into English. It enjoys widespread popularity in New Zealand as well as some popularity in other countries.

neg: El Sueño de Morfeo (album) El Sueño De Morfeo, is the title of El Sueño De Morfeo's eponymous first studio album, which was released in Spain on March 3, 2005. The lead single (and debut from the band under the El Sueño De Morfeo name), Nunca Volverá, spent 4 non-consecutive weeks at number one in Spain. El Sueño De Morfeo entered and peaked on the Promusicae Album Chart at number four. The album went on to reach double Platinum status, selling 80,000 copies in Spain alone, and 150,000 worldwide. In support of the album, they embarked on a tour of Spain, playing over 100 concerts before travelling to play shows in Central and South America, such as Argentina and Mexico.

neg: Carmañola Americana The Carmañola Americana ("American Carmagnole") is a revolutionary song composed "circa" 1797 following the model of the French Carmagnole. In context, it was composed during the independentist movement of Manuel Gual and José María España. The song incited the population to revolt against dictatorial rule, seeking for freedom and independence.

neg: Il Canto degli Italiani "Il Canto degli Italiani" (] , "The Song / Chant of the Italians") is the national anthem of Italy. It is best known among Italians as "Inno di Mameli" (] , "Mameli's Hymn"), after the author of the lyrics, or "Fratelli d'Italia" (] , "Brothers of Italy"), from its opening line. The words were written in the autumn of 1847 in Genoa, by the then 20-year-old student and patriot Goffredo Mameli. Two months later, they were set to music in Turin by another Genoese, Michele Novaro. The hymn enjoyed widespread popularity throughout the period of the Risorgimento and in the following decades. Nevertheless, after the Italian Unification in 1861, the adopted national anthem was the "Marcia Reale" (Royal March), the official hymn of the House of Savoy composed in 1831 by order of King Charles Albert of Sardinia. After the Second World War, Italy became a republic, and on 12 October 1946, "Il Canto degli Italiani" was provisionally chosen as the country's new national anthem. This choice was made official in law only on 23 November 2012.

neg: The Song of Australia "The Song of Australia" was written by English-born poet Caroline Carleton in 1859 for a competition sponsored by the Gawler Institute. The music for the song was composed by the German-born Carl Linger (1810-1862), a prominent member of the Australian Forty-Eighters.

neg: Strings of My Heart "Strings Of My Heart" was the Croatian entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 2001, performed in English (the first time the country had not sung at least partially in Croatian) by Vanna.

neg: Happy Birthday to You "Happy Birthday to You", more commonly known as simply "Happy Birthday", is a song that is traditionally sung to celebrate the anniversary of a person's birth. According to the 1998 "Guinness World Records", "Happy Birthday to You" is the most recognized song in the English language, followed by "For He's a Jolly Good Fellow". The song's base lyrics have been translated into at least 18 languages. The melody of "Happy Birthday to You" comes from the song "Good Morning to All", which has traditionally been attributed to American sisters Patty and Mildred J. Hill in 1893, although the claim that the sisters composed the tune is disputed.

neg: Carne Humana (album) Carne Humana (Portuguese for ""Human Flesh"") is the first studio album by Brazilian rock band Zero, following their EP "Passos no Escuro". It came out in 1987 by EMI. Even though it was not as commercially successful as "Passos no Escuro", the album spawned the hit singles "Quimeras" and "A Luta e o Prazer". Despite not being released as a single, "Abuso de Poder" was also a very memorable track, being that it criticized the Brazilian military government (which had ended only two years prior to the album's release). The album also includes the only song by Zero written in English, "Game Over".

neg: Come prima "Come prima" (English: "As Before") is an Italian song, with lyrics by Mario Panzeri and music by Vincenzo Di Paola and Sandro Taccani.

neg: La cena delle beffe La cena delle beffe ("The Jesters' Supper") is an opera in four acts composed by Umberto Giordano to an Italian libretto by Sem Benelli adapted from his 1909 play of the same name. The opera premiered on 20 December 1924 at La Scala. Milan. The story, set in Florence at the time of Lorenzo de' Medici, recounts the rivalry between Giannetto Malespini and Neri Chiaramantesi for the affections of the beautiful Ginevra and Giannetto's thirst for revenge over a cruel joke played on him by Neri and his brother Gabriello. Giannetto's revenge "joke" ultimately leads Neri to murder both Ginevra and (by mistake) his own brother. The opera ends with Neri's descent into madness.

neg: Nachna Onda Nei Nachna Onda Nei (Punjabi: ਨਚਣਾ ਓੰਦਾ ਨਹੀਂ, نچنا اوندا نہیں) is a song by Scottish bhangra group Tigerstyle with Kaka Bhaniawala on lead vocals. It is a mash-up of "Billie Jean" by Michael Jackson and "Under Pressure" by Queen ft. David Bowie with new bhangra-style vocals being sung over the top. The song also uses a sample of "Fantastic Voyage" by Coolio (which itself relies heavily on samples from "Fantastic Voyage" by Lakeside).


query: Name a former director for the national laboratory where the Boiling Waterr reactor was developed.

pos: Boiling water reactor The boiling water reactor (BWR) is a type of light water nuclear reactor used for the generation of electrical power. It is the second most common type of electricity-generating nuclear reactor after the pressurized water reactor (PWR), also a type of light water nuclear reactor. The main difference between a BWR and PWR is that in a BWR, the reactor core heats water, which turns to steam and then drives a steam turbine. In a PWR, the reactor core heats water, which does not boil. This hot water then exchanges heat with a lower pressure water system, which turns to steam and drives the turbine. The BWR was developed by the Idaho National Laboratory and General Electric (GE) in the mid-1950s. The main present manufacturer is GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy, which specializes in the design and construction of this type of reactor.

pos: Idaho National Laboratory Idaho National Laboratory (INL) is one of the national laboratories of the United States Department of Energy and is managed by the Battelle Energy Alliance. While the laboratory does other research, historically it has been involved with nuclear research. Much of current knowledge about how nuclear reactors behave and misbehave was discovered at what is now Idaho National Laboratory. John Grossenbacher, former INL director, said, "The history of nuclear energy for peaceful application has principally been written in Idaho".

neg: Lyman James Briggs Lyman James Briggs (May 7, 1874 – March 25, 1963) was an American engineer, physicist and administrator. He was a director of the National Bureau of Standards during the Great Depression and chairman of the Uranium Committee before America entered the Second World War. The Lyman Briggs College at Michigan State University is named in his honor.

neg: Army Nuclear Power Program The Army Nuclear Power Program (ANPP) was a program of the United States Army to develop small pressurized water and boiling water nuclear power reactors to generate electrical and space-heating energy primarily at remote, relatively inaccessible sites. The ANPP had several accomplishments, but ultimately it was considered to be "a solution in search of a problem." The U.S. Army Engineer Reactors Group managed this program and it was headquartered at Fort Belvoir, Virginia. The program began in 1954 and had effectively terminated by about 1977, with the last class of NPP operators graduating in 1977. Work continued for some time thereafter either for decommissioning of the plants or placing them into SAFSTOR (long term storage and monitoring before decommissioning). The current development of small modular reactors has led to a renewed interest in military applications.

neg: Clarence Larson Clarence Edward Larson (September 20, 1909 – February 15, 1999) was an American chemist, nuclear physicist and industrial leader. He was involved in the Manhattan Project, and was later director of Oak Ridge National Laboratory and commissioner of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission.

neg: Michael R. Wasielewski Michael Roman Wasielewski (born June 7, 1949) is an American physical chemist. He is currently the Clare Hamilton Hall professor of chemistry, director of the Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center, executive director of the Institute for Sustainability and Energy, and executive director of the Solar Fuels Institute at Northwestern University.

neg: Interim Committee The Interim Committee was a secret high-level group created in May 1945 by United States Secretary of War, Henry L. Stimson at the urging of leaders of the Manhattan Project and with the approval of President Harry S. Truman to advise on matters pertaining to nuclear energy. Composed of prominent political, scientific and industrial figures, the Interim Committee had broad terms of reference which included advising the President on wartime controls and the release of information, and making recommendations on post-war controls and policies related to nuclear energy, including legislation. Its first duty was to advise on the manner in which nuclear weapons should be employed against Japan. Later, it advised on legislation for the control and regulation of nuclear energy. It was named "Interim" in anticipation of a permanent body that would later replace it after the war, where the development of nuclear technology would be placed firmly under civilian control. The Atomic Energy Commission was enacted in 1946 to serve this function.

neg: Samuel E. Blum Samuel E. Blum (August 28, 1920 – January 9, 2013) was an American chemist and physicist. He was a researcher at the Battelle Memorial Institute in Columbus, Ohio, working for government and private companies. He worked with semiconductor materials, which was his specialization until his retirement from IBM Watson Research Center in 1990.

neg: Oppenheimer security hearing The Oppenheimer security hearing was a 1954 proceeding by the United States Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) that explored the background, actions, and associations of J. Robert Oppenheimer, the American scientist who had headed the Los Alamos Laboratory during World War II, where he played a key part in the Manhattan Project that developed the atomic bomb. The hearing resulted in Oppenheimer's Q clearance being revoked. This marked the end of his formal relationship with the government of the United States, and generated considerable controversy regarding whether the treatment of Oppenheimer was fair, or whether it was an expression of anti-Communist McCarthyism.

neg: John Challens Wallace John Challens, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (14 May 1915 – 1 March 2002) was a British scientist and civil servant. A graduate of University College, Nottingham, he began working at the Royal Arsenal in Woolwich in 1936. In 1939, he was transferred to the rocket department. After the defeat of Germany, he was sent to the United States as part of the British Scientific Mission to work on the V-1 flying bomb and the V-2 rocket. On returning to the United Kingdom in 1947, he was recruited by William Penney for the British atomic bomb project. He led the team that developed the firing circuits for the bomb used in Operation "Hurricane", the first British nuclear test. He later developed a neutron generator. He took part in most of the British nuclear tests at Maralinga, and was the scientific director of the Operation "Grapple" tests in 1957. He subsequently became the AWRE's Assistant Director in 1965, Deputy Director in 1972, and Director from 1976 until his retirement in 1978.

neg: Edward J. Lofgren Edward Joseph Lofgren (January 18, 1914 – September 6, 2016) was an American physicist in the early days of nuclear physics and elementary particle research at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL). He was born in Chicago. He was an important figure in the breakthroughs that followed the creation of the Bevatron, of which he was the director for a time.

neg: National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research

neg: W. Kenneth Davis W. Kenneth Davis (1918–2005) was an American chemist, a leader of the World Energy Council, former vice president of the National Academy of Engineering, former U.S. Deputy Secretary of Energy, director of reactor development in the Atomic Energy Commission.

neg: Warren P. Waters Warren P. Waters (8 September 1922 - 17 July 2000) was an American physicist, inventor and a World War II US Air Force Pilot. He had several device and process patents in the field of solid state engineering, that contributed to today's version of integrated circuit and was also known as the manager of Hughes Aircraft Company's solid state research center. His contributions also lead to the success of The Surveyor Project.

neg: Advanced boiling water reactor The advanced boiling water reactor (ABWR) is a Generation III boiling water reactor. The ABWR is currently offered by GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy (GEH) and Toshiba. The ABWR generates electrical power by using steam to power a turbine connected to a generator; the steam is boiled from water using heat generated by fission reactions within nuclear fuel.

neg: Clinch River Breeder Reactor Project The Clinch River Breeder Reactor Project (CRBRP) was a joint effort of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (and a successor agency, the U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA), and subsequently the U.S. Department of Energy) and the U.S. electric power industry to design and construct a sodium-cooled fast-neutron nuclear reactor. The project was opposed by President Carter.

neg: Lawrence R. Hafstad Dr. Lawrence R. Hafstad (June 18, 1904 – October 12, 1993) was an American electrical engineer and physicist notable for his pioneering work on nuclear reactors. In 1939, he created the first nuclear fission reaction in the United States.

neg: James H. Wakelin Jr. James Henry Wakelin Jr. (May 6, 1911 – December 21, 1990) was a United States physicist, oceanographer, and businessman who served as Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Research and Development) from 1959 to 1964.

neg: Giulio Cantoni Giulio Leonardo Cantoni (29 September 1915 – 25 July 2005) was the director of the United States' National Institutes of Health's Laboratory of Cellular Pharmacology, later renamed the Laboratory of General and Comparative Biochemistry.

neg: Richard Perkins (scientist) Richard W. Perkins is a former scientist at the Hanford Site and the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory at Richland, Washington State. His research included study of nuclear reactors and their effect on their environment, study of the ash from the eruption of Mount St. Helens, and Operation "Star Wars." He also worked with the first moon rocks. Although too young to join, he joined the U.S navy to fight in WW2.

neg: Kevin Greenaugh Kevin Greenaugh, PhD (born May 15, 1956) is an American nuclear engineer and senior manager at the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) in Washington, DC, United States.

neg: Edward Condon Edward Uhler Condon (March 2, 1902 – March 26, 1974) was a distinguished American nuclear physicist, a pioneer in quantum mechanics, and a participant in the development of radar and nuclear weapons during World War II as part of the Manhattan Project. The Franck–Condon principle and the Slater–Condon rules are co-named after him.


query: Sven Ottke is a professional boxer who was the third European boxer to retire as an undefeated world champion, following in the footsteps of what English boxer?

pos: Sven Ottke Sven Ottke (born 3 June 1967) is a German former professional boxer who competed from 1997 to 2004. He was a unified super-middleweight world champion, having held the IBF title from 1998 to 2004, and the WBA (Super) title from 2003 to 2004. He made 21 successful title defences, and was the third European boxer to retire as an undefeated world champion, after Terry Marsh and Michael Loewe; Joe Calzaghe later became the fourth. As an amateur, Ottke won a bronze medal in the middleweight division at the 1989 World Championships.

pos: Terry Marsh (boxer) Terry Marsh (born 7 February 1958) is an English former professional boxer who was an undefeated world champion in the light welterweight division.

neg: Joe Calzaghe Joseph William Calzaghe, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} ( ; born 23 March 1972) is a Welsh former professional boxer who competed from 1993 to 2008. He is a two-weight world champion, having held the unified WBA (Super), WBC, IBF, WBO, "Ring" magazine, and lineal super-middleweight titles, as well as the "Ring" light-heavyweight title. Calzaghe is the longest-reigning super-middleweight world champion in boxing history, having held the WBO title for over 10 years and making 21 successful defences before moving up to light-heavyweight. As his super-middleweight and light-heavyweight reigns overlapped, he retired with the longest continual time as world champion of any active fighter.

neg: Billy Hardy Billy Hardy (born 5 September 1964 in Sunderland) is a former bantamweight and featherweight boxer champion. He held the British championship at bantamweight and featherweight, as well as the European and Commonwealth featherweight titles.

neg: Henry Rhiney Henry Rhiney (born 28 November 1951) is a British former boxer who was British welterweight champion between 1976 and 1979, and European champion between 1978 and 1979.

neg: Harry Corbett (boxer) Henry William Coleman (13 January 1904 – 6 May 1957), better known as Harry Corbett, was an English boxer who was British featherweight champion between 1928 and 1929, and also fought for titles at bantamweight and lightweight.

neg: Tommy Harrison Thomas "Tommy" Harrison (17 August 1892 — April→June 1931 (aged 38)) born in Hanley, Stoke-on-Trent was an English professional fly/bantam/featherweight boxer of the 1900s, 1910s and 1920s who won the National Sporting Club (NSC) (subsequently known as the British Boxing Board of Control (BBBofC)) British bantamweight title, British Empire bantamweight title, and European Boxing Union (EBU) bantamweight title, his professional fighting weight varied from 111+1/2 lb , i.e. flyweight to 122 lb , i.e. featherweight.

neg: Danny McAlinden Danny McAlinden (born 1 June 1947 in Newry, Northern Ireland) is a retired heavyweight boxer who was British and Commonwealth champion in 1972 when he defeated Jack Bodell in two rounds at the Aston Villa football ground.

neg: Don Cockell Donald John "Don" Cockell (22 September 1928 – 18 July 1983) was an English boxer. He fought for most of his career as a light-heavyweight and became the British and European champion at that weight. Later in his career he moved up to heavyweight and held the British and Commonwealth heavyweight titles. He is best remembered for fighting against Rocky Marciano for the world heavyweight championship. Cockell defeated a number of top heavyweights in his career, including Roland La Starza, Harry Matthews (twice), Tommy Farr, Freddie Beshore, Johnny Arthur, Johnny Williams and Uber Bacilieri. In his earlier incarnation as a Light Heavyweight he defeated top contenders such as Nick Barone, Albert Yvel, Lloyd Marshall and Albert Finch.

neg: Olli Mäki Olli Mäki (born 22 December 1936) is a retired Finnish boxer. As an amateur he won the European lightweight title in 1959, placing second in 1957. After being removed from the 1960 Olympic team he turned professional and fought until 1973 with a record of 28 victories, 14 losses and 8 draws. In August 1962 he was beaten in two rounds by Davey Moore for the World Featherweight Title, and in February 1964 he won the European Boxing Union light welterweight title against Conny Rudhof; he lost it to Rudhof in 1967. In retirement Mäki worked as a boxing coach and manager.

neg: Alexander Awdijan Alexander Awdijan (born June 27, 1977) is a professional boxer, the 2007 World Champion and the International German Champion of 2006. As an amateur he maintained mediocrity and without further perspective Awdijan dared to become a professional. In hindsight the right decision, because the Franconian metropolis was in need of a "Lokalmatador", a role into which Awdijan fits perfectly. The native Armenian does not only excel in the boxing ring: In the guest book of his homepage are a lot of entries from women that praise not solely the athletic achievements of the now 36-year-old Awdijan.

neg: Jack Gardner (boxer) Jack Gardner (6 November 1926 – 11 November 1978) was a British heavyweight boxer. He was the Heavyweight Champion of Great Britain, the British Empire, and Europe. Gardner was a top ten contender for the Heavyweight Championship of the World and retired with a record of 28 wins, 23 by knockout, and 6 losses, a total of 34 fights.

neg: Garry Delaney Gary Delaney ( (1970--) 12 1970 (age (2017)-(1970)-((11)<(08)or(11)==(08)and(30)<(12)) ) ) born in Newham is an English professional light heavy/cruiser/heavyweight boxer of the 1990s and 2000s. He won the British Boxing Board of Control (BBBofC) Southern Area light heavyweight title, World Boxing Board (WBB) light heavyweight title, World Boxing Organization (WBO) Inter-Continental light heavyweight title, BBBofC Southern Area cruiserweight title, and Commonwealth light heavyweight title (twice), and was a challenger for the BBBofC British heavyweight title, and Commonwealth heavyweight title against Julius Francis, World Boxing Organization (WBO) Inter-Continental cruiserweight title against John Keeton, and Jesper Kristiansen, BBBofC British cruiserweight title, and Commonwealth (British Empire) cruiserweight title against Bruce Scott, and World Boxing Union cruiserweight title against Sebastiaan Rothmann, and Enzo Maccarinelli, his professional fighting weight varied from 174 lb , i.e. light heavyweight to 231 lb , i.e. heavyweight.

neg: Dmitry Pirog Dmitry Yurievich Pirog (Russian: Дмитрий Юрьевич Пирог ; born 27 June 1980) is a Russian former professional boxer who competed from 2005 to 2012. He held the WBO middleweight title from 2010 to 2012, and although his career was cut short due to a debilitating back injury, he is one of the few professional boxers to win a world title and retire undefeated.

neg: Jimmy Magill (boxer) Jimmy Magill (December 31, 1894 – February 8, 1942) was an amateur boxer and Royal Ulster Constabulary officer from Carncastle, near Larne in Northern Ireland. He was the Amateur Boxing Association of England's Middleweight Champion in 1934 and 1935 and Light Heavyweight Champion in 1936; he won fights in Boston and New York in an Irish tour of the US in 1935; he was European Police champion from 1931 to 1936; and he won a bronze medal representing Northern Ireland at the 1934 British Empire Games. As the Irish Amateur Boxing Association governed the sport in Northern Ireland, he was considered ineligible to compete for both Great Britain at the Olympics and Ireland at the Olympics. In 1936, Magill defeated German Richard Vogt, who as a German Army Captain in 1940 saved the life of an Irish Guardsman wounded in the Dunkirk evacuation because the knew Magill.

neg: Tommy Langford Thomas "Tommy" Langford (born 12 July 1989) is a British professional boxer. He has held the British middleweight title since 2016, having previously held the Commonwealth middleweight title from 2016 to 2017.

neg: Nick Blackwell Nick Blackwell (born 27 October 1990) is a British former professional boxer who competed from 2009 to 2016. He won the English middleweight title in 2010, at the age of twenty, becoming the youngest boxer to do so. In 2011 and 2012 he challenged for the Commonwealth middleweight title, and won the British middleweight title in 2015. Blackwell's career was cut short in 2016 after he was forced to retire due to a serious head injury sustained in the ring.

neg: Hugh Forde (boxer) Hugh Forde (born 7 May 1964) is an English professional super feather/light/light welter/welterweight boxer of the 1980s and '90s, who won the inaugural British Boxing Board of Control (BBBofC) Midlands Area super featherweight title, BBBofC British super featherweight title, and Commonwealth super featherweight title, and was a challenger for the BBBofC British light welterweight title against Ross Hale, his professional fighting weight varied from 128 lb , i.e. super featherweight to 143 lb , i.e. welterweight.

neg: Andrey Kurnyavka Andrey Petrovich Kurnyavka (Russian: Андрей Петрович Курнявка , born 4 May 1968) is a retired Soviet and Kyrgyzstani amateur boxer. He won the world middleweight title in 1989, and finished second in 1991, but was not included to the 1992 Soviet Olympic team and retired from boxing. He went out of retirement after a last-minute offer to compete for Kyrgyzstan at the 1996 Summer Olympics, but lost in the first bout to the eventual winner Félix Savón.

neg: Tancy Lee James "Tancy" Lee (31 January 1882 – 5 February 1941) was a Scottish boxer at flyweight, bantamweight, and featherweight, the first Scot to win a British title, and was also European and World champion.

neg: Erkan Teper Erkan Teper (born 18 June 1982) is a German professional boxer. He held the European heavyweight title in 2015, but was stripped by the EBU for failing a drug test.

neg: Ernie Roderick Ernie Roderick (25 January 1914 – 7 June 1986) was a British boxer who was British champion at both welterweight and middleweight, and European champion at welterweight.


query: The defeat of Wisconsin in the 1963 Rose Bowl was one of how many Rose Bowl appearances for the USC Trojans?

pos: 1962 USC Trojans football team The 1962 USC Trojans football team represented the University of Southern California (USC) in the 1962 college football season. In their third year under head coach John McKay, the Trojans compiled an 11–0 record (4–0 against conference opponents), won the Athletic Association of Western Universities (AAWU or Big 6) championship, defeated Wisconsin in the 1963 Rose Bowl, outscored their opponents by a combined total of 261 to 92, and finished the season ranked #1 in both the AP Poll and UPI Coaches Poll.

pos: John McKay (American football) John Harvey McKay (July 5, 1923 – June 10, 2001) was an American football coach. He was the head coach at the University of Southern California (USC) from 1960 to 1975 and of the National Football League's Tampa Bay Buccaneers from 1976 to 1984. In 16 seasons at USC, McKay compiled a record of 127–40–8 and won nine AAWU/Pac-8 conference titles. His teams made eight appearances in the Rose Bowl, with five wins. Four of his squads captured national titles (1962, 1967, 1972, 1974).

neg: 1944 Rose Bowl The 1944 Rose Bowl, played on January 1, 1944, was a college football bowl game, the 30th Rose Bowl game. This was the only Rose Bowl game to feature two teams from the same conference (Pacific Coast Conference), necessitated by the travel restrictions imposed by the war effort. This game determined the champion of the Pacific Coast Conference for the 1943 college football season. The USC Trojans defeated the Washington Huskies, 29–0, in a one-sided game.

neg: List of Clemson Tigers bowl games The Clemson Tigers college football team competes as part of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS), representing Clemson University in the Atlantic Division of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC). Since the establishment of the team in 1896, Clemson has appeared in 39 bowl games. Included in these games are 8 combined appearances in the traditional "big four" bowl games (the Rose, Sugar, Cotton, and Orange). Clemson's 20 bowl victories currently ranks as 17th all-time among college football programs for most bowl wins. The Tigers also rank 17th in most bowl appearances.

neg: 1964 USC Trojans football team The 1964 USC Trojans football team represented the University of Southern California (USC) in the 1964 college football season. In their fifth year under head coach John McKay, the Trojans compiled a 7–3 record (3–1 against conference opponents), finished in a tie with Oregon State for the Athletic Association of Western Universities (AAWU or Pac-8) championship, and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 207 to 130. The Trojans ended their season with an upset victory over an undefeated Notre Dame that was ranked #2 in the AP Poll.

neg: 2016 UCLA Bruins football team The 2016 UCLA Bruins football team represented the University of California, Los Angeles in the 2016 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Bruins were coached by fifth-year head coach Jim L. Mora and played its home games at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California. They were members of the South Division of the Pac-12 Conference. They finished the season 4–8, 2–7 in Pac-12 play to finish in a tie for fourth in the South Division.

neg: 2016 USC Trojans football team The 2016 USC Trojans football team represented the University of Southern California in the 2016 NCAA Division I FBS football season. They played their home games at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum as part of the South Division of the Pac-12 Conference. They were led by head coach Clay Helton in his first full season after replacing Steve Sarkisian in the sixth game of the 2015 season. They finished the season 10–3, 7–2 in Pac-12 play to finish in second place in the South Division. They were invited to the Rose Bowl where they defeated Penn State.

neg: 1932 USC Trojans football team The 1932 USC Trojans football team represented the University of Southern California (USC) in the 1932 college football season. It shut out the Pittsburgh Panthers in the 1933 Rose Bowl, to remain undefeated and win the national championship. The Trojans shut out their opponents eight times and allowed only 13 points the entire year. The team reportedly had the best defense in the history of the program. The defensive line consisted of All-American Aaron Rosenberg, Tay Brown, Ernie Smith, J. Dye, B. Gentry, Ray Sparling, Robert Erskine, Curtis Youel, and Julius Bescos.

neg: 1965 Rose Bowl The 1965 Rose Bowl, played on January 1, 1965, was the 51st Rose Bowl Game. The Michigan Wolverines defeated the Oregon State Beavers by a score of 34–7. Michigan fullback Mel Anthony was named the Rose Bowl Player Of The Game.

neg: 1980 USC Trojans football team The 1980 USC Trojans football team represented the University of Southern California (USC) in the 1980 NCAA Division I-A football season. In their fifth year under head coach John Robinson, the Trojans compiled an 8–2–1 record (4–2–1 against conference opponents), finished in third place in the Pacific-10 Conference (Pac-10), and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 265 to 134.

neg: 1989 USC Trojans football team The 1989 USC Trojans football team represented the University of Southern California during the 1989 NCAA Division I-A football season. The season was intended to start historic fashion, with USC set to play Illinois in Moscow in what was dubbed the Glasnost Bowl. However, the plan to play the game at Dynamo Stadium fell through, and the game was rescheduled at Memorial Coliseum. The Trojans lost the game as the Illini scored two touchdowns in the fourth quarter.

neg: Gaius Shaver Gaius Ray "Gus" Shaver (August 14, 1910 – October 11, 1998) was an All-American football player. He played at the quarterback and fullback positions for the University of Southern California Trojans football teams from 1929–1931. He was a consensus All-American in 1931 and led the Trojans that year to a national championship. Shaver was also captain of the winning team and the leading rusher in American football at the 1932 Summer Olympic Games.

neg: 1995 USC Trojans football team The 1995 USC Trojans football team represented the University of Southern California (USC) in the 1995 NCAA Division I-A football season. In their tenth year under head coach John Robinson, the Trojans compiled a 9–2–1 record (6–1–1 against conference opponents), shared the Pacific-10 Conference (Pac-10) championship with Washington, and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 355 to 212.

neg: 1929 USC Trojans football team The 1929 USC Trojans football team represented the University of Southern California (USC) in the 1929 college football season. In their fifth year under head coach Howard Jones, the Trojans compiled a 10–2 record (6–1 against conference opponents), won the Pacific Coast Conference championship, and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 492 to 69. The team defeated Pittsburgh 47–14 in the 1930 Rose Bowl and was retroactively selected as the 1929 national champion under the Houlgate System and also retroactively selected as the national champion under the Berryman QPRS system and as a co-national champion by Jeff Sagarin.

neg: USC Trojans football The USC Trojans football program, established in 1888, represents the University of Southern California in college football. USC is a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I FBS and the Pac-12 Conference (Pac-12). The Trojans throughout NCAA history have claimed 11 national championships. As of 2017, 503 Trojans have been taken in the National Football League draft, more than from any other university; the Trojans also have had more players drafted in the first round than any other university, with 80 as of the 2017 draft. USC has the second most Pro Football Hall of Famers with 12. With a record of 34–17, USC has the highest all-time post-season winning percentage of schools with 25 or more bowl appearances. The team is coached by Clay Helton.

neg: 1934 All-SEC football team The 1934 All-SEC football team consists of American football players selected to the All-Southeastern Conference (SEC) chosen by various selectors for the 1934 college football season. The Alabama Crimson Tide and Tulane Green Wave shared the conference title. The Crimson Tide defeated the Stanford Indians 29 to 13 in the Rose Bowl, and was selected national champions by Dunkel, Williamson and "Football Thesaurus". Alabama halfback Dixie Howell was voted SEC Player of the Year.

neg: Ron Vander Kelen Ronald Vander Kelen (November 6, 1939 – August 14, 2016) was an American football quarterback. He played at the collegiate level at the University of Wisconsin–Madison and is best known for his MVP performance in the 1963 Rose Bowl, where he broke several Rose Bowl records, some of which still stand. In that game, he orchestrated a legendary fourth quarter comeback attempt against the USC Trojans in the first #1 (USC) versus #2 (Wisconsin) bowl game in college football history. Vander Kelen was inducted into the Rose Bowl Hall of Fame in 1991.

neg: 1963 NAIA football season The 1963 NAIA football season, as part of the 1963 college football season in the United States, was the eighth season of college football sponsored by the NAIA. The season was played from August to December 1963, culminating in the eighth annual NAIA Football National Championship, played this year at Hughes Stadium in Sacramento, California. During its three years in Sacramento, the game was called the Camellia Bowl (separate from the present day bowl game with the same name in Montgomery, Alabama).

neg: 1956 Rose Bowl The 1956 Rose Bowl game, played on January 2, 1956, was the 42nd Rose Bowl game. The Michigan State Spartans defeated the UCLA Bruins, 17–14. Michigan State halfback Walt Kowalczyk was named the Rose Bowl Player Of The Game. The game was played on January 2, because New Year's Day was a Sunday. It featured two of the most racially integrated college football teams of the day with six African American players for the Bruins and seven for the Spartans. This stood in stark contrast to the 1956 Sugar Bowl, where there was controversy over whether Bobby Grier from Pitt should be allowed to play and whether Georgia Tech should even play at all due to Georgia governor Marvin Griffin's opposition to integration. Only one month previous, Rosa Parks made her famous protest in the Montgomery Bus Boycott. The 1956 Rose Bowl has the highest TV rating of all college bowl games, watched by 41.1% of all people in the US with TV sets.

neg: 1958 USC Trojans baseball team The 1958 USC Trojans baseball team represented the University of Southern California in the 1958 NCAA University Division baseball season. The team was coached by Rod Dedeaux in his 17th season.

neg: 2009–10 NCAA football bowl games The 2009–10 NCAA football bowl games concluded the 2009 NCAA Division I FBS football season. It comprised 34 team-competitive bowl games, and three all-star games. The games began play on December 19, 2009 and included the 2010 BCS National Championship Game in Pasadena, California, played on January 7 at the Rose Bowl Stadium. The post-season concluded with three all-star games: the East–West Shrine Game on January 23, the Senior Bowl on January 30, and the Texas vs. The Nation Game on February 6.

neg: 1950 USC Trojans football team The 1950 USC Trojans football team represented the University of Southern California (USC) in the 1950 college football season. In their ninth year under head coach Jeff Cravath, the Trojans compiled a 2–5–2 record (1–3–2 against conference opponents), finished in seventh place in the Pacific Coast Conference, and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 182 to 114.


query: Which cocktail has the least amount of ingredients, Mai Tai or Amber Moon?

pos: Mai Tai The Mai Tai is an alcoholic cocktail based on rum, Curaçao liqueur, orgeat syrup, and lime juice, associated with Polynesian-style settings.

pos: Amber Moon An Amber Moon is a cocktail containing Tabasco sauce, raw egg, and whiskey or sometimes vodka. The drink is similar to a Prairie oyster, but has fewer ingredients and includes alcohol. It is therefore intended more as a "pick me up" or "hair of the dog" hangover remedy.

neg: Slippery nipple The Slippery Nipple is a layered cocktail shooter invented by Asra Arif of Queens most commonly composed of Baileys Irish Cream and Sambuca. When prepared properly, the ingredients remain in two distinct visible layers due to the relative densities of the ingredients.

neg: Gâteau nantais Gâteau nantais is a cake originating in the city of Nantes in France. "Gâteau nantais" is a soft, round pound cake, made of flour, sugar, salted butter, eggs, and almond meal, then dampened with a punch of rum and lemon, sometimes with an apricot gelée centre. The round shaped cake top is topped with a white glaze thinned with rum, although lemon or orange blossom water can be substituted if the cake is to be served to children. It is recommended to make the cake a day before it is intended to be served. It keeps very well. An earlier version of the recipe, without eggs, reportedly kept for three to four weeks. In the modern recipe, the icing is white, whereas earlier versions were an amber colour.

neg: Thandai Thandai, or sardai, is an Indian cold drink prepared with a mixture of almonds, fennel seeds, magaztari seeds (watermelon kernel), rose petals, pepper, vetiver seeds, cardamom, saffron, milk and sugar. It is native to India and is often associated with the Maha Shivaratri and Holi festival. The consumer of this Thandai is mostly from Rajasthan and Northern India. There are variants of Thandai and the most common are Badam (Almond) Thandai and Bhaang Thandai.

neg: Padlamanggan Padlamanggan (from "padlas" (crazy) and "mangga" (mango) from the Philippine language Waray-Waray) is a usually colorless spirit from the Philippines which has an alcohol content that varies from 35 to 70% by volume. Padlamanggan is mostly drunk purely; sometimes the liquor is used as the basic ingredient for cocktails.

neg: Huangjin Gui Huangjin Gui (; pronounced ) is a premium variety of Chinese oolong tea traditionally from Anxi in Fujian province. Named after the yellow golden color of its budding leaves and its unique flowery aroma, said to be reminiscent of Osmanthus.

neg: Ving (beverage) Ving is a vodka mix drink made from Ting (a Jamaican grapefruit soda) and citrus vodka. The drink consists of approximately 1 part Smirnoff Citrus Vodka and 2 parts Ting, able to be mixed in any amounts.

neg: Tsukimi Tsukimi (月見 ) or Otsukimi (お月見 ) , literally "moon-viewing", also known as Jugoya (十五夜 ) , refers to Japanese festivals honoring the autumn moon, a variant of the Mid-Autumn Festival. The celebration of the full moon typically takes place on the 15th day of the eighth month of the traditional Japanese calendar; the waxing moon is celebrated on the 13th day of the ninth month. These days normally fall in September and October of the modern solar calendar.

neg: The Last Word (cocktail) The Last Word is a gin-based prohibition-era cocktail.

neg: Mai Dubai Mai Dubai is a Dubai based company that produces bottled water. It is owned by the state run Dubai Electricity and Water Authority (DEWA) and serves as one of DEWA’s key investments towards diversifying their revenue streams. DEWA owns 99% of the shares in Mai Dubai however it remains an independently operated Limited Liability Company.

neg: Whiskey sour The whiskey sour is a mixed drink containing whiskey (often bourbon), lemon juice, sugar, and optionally, a dash of egg white. With the egg white, it is sometimes called a Boston Sour. With a few bar spoons of full-bodied red wine floated on top, it is often referred to as a New York Sour. It is shaken and served either straight up or over ice.

neg: Piscola Piscola or Combinado Nacional (national mix) is a highball cocktail, made of pisco and most commonly a cola drink, that is popular in Chile. A piscola may be "black" or "white" depending if it is mixed with a cola or ginger ale, Tonic, Sprite or a similar soft drink. The drink is prepared by filling a highball glass with ice and then adding pisco followed by the soft drink in a proportion ranging from 1:1 to 1:3. Sometimes slices of lemon or key lime may be added. In Chile, February 8 has been celebrated as the "day of the piscola" since 2003.

neg: The Russler The Russler is a cocktail consisting of amaretto, bourbon, lemon juice, and cinnamon-infused 1:1 syrup. It is a variation of Jeffrey Morgenthaler's Amaretto Sour.

neg: Cojito The Cojito cocktail is a cocktail made with lime and mint and is widely used among Cuban bartenders.

neg: Tetramethyl acetyloctahydronaphthalenes Tetramethyl acetyloctahydronaphthalenes is the International Nomenclature for Cosmetic Ingredients (INCI) name for the fragrance ingredient known as OTNE (Chemical abbreviation name for Octahydrotetramethyl Acetophenone); also known by commercial trade names such as : Iso E Super, Iso Gamma Super, Anthamber, Amber Fleur, Boisvelone, Iso Ambois, Amberlan, Iso Velvetone, Orbitone, Amberonne. It is a synthetic woody odorant and is used as a fragrance ingredient in perfumes, laundry products and cosmetics.

neg: Sloe gin Sloe gin is a red liqueur made with gin and sloe (blackthorn) drupes, which are a small fruit relative of the plum. Sloe gin has an alcohol content between 15 and 30 percent by volume. However, the European Union has established a minimum of 25% ABV for sloe gin to be named as such. The traditional way of making sloe gin is to soak the sloes in gin. Sugar is required to ensure the sloe juice is extracted from the fruit.

neg: Pink Squirrel The Pink Squirrel is a cocktail made of

neg: Long Island Iced Tea A Long Island Iced Tea is a type of alcoholic mixed drink typically made with vodka, tequila, light rum, triple sec, gin, and a splash of cola, which gives the drink the same amber hue as its namesake. It is so named because of the resemblance to the color of iced tea. A popular version mixes equal parts vodka, gin, rum, triple sec, with 1½ parts sour mix and a splash of cola.

neg: Prairie Fire (mixed drink) A Prairie Fire is a mixed drink consisting of strong liquor and hot sauce. Many variations of a Prairie Fire in "shot" form exist. The origins of the shot are unknown but the earliest known styling of the drink is believed to have originated from the American Mid-West in the early 1970s when bar patrons were forced to drink hot sauce with shots of whiskey as punishment for losing bar bets. Since then, many types of alcohol have been substituted for whiskey, with tequila being the most popular.

neg: Maifan Stone Maifan Stone (Chn. 麦饭石 or 麥飯石), also known as "bakuhanseki (Jp. 麦飯石)," is a special mineral rock used in Chinese medicine to treat various skin diseases. It is composed of minerals including but not limited to plagioclase feldspar, orthoclase feldspar, hornblende, and biotite (all four mentioned before are silicate minerals). Maifan Stone contains plenty of micro-nutrient elements, such as calcium, iron, zinc, magnesium, copper, and selenium, all essential to a healthy human body. As a Chinese medicine, it is especially useful in treating skin tumors and ulcers. In addition to that, many mineral water manufacturers in China dissolve a small amount of Maifan Stone during the preparation of their product, meant to enhance the micro-nutrient density in the water. In ordinary cooking, both rice and tea, while being washed, may be dipped with Maifan Stone to increase their effects on health. Maifan stone has been used as a water filtration and conditioning media for shower and bath filters.

neg: Amber (restaurant) Amber is The Landmark Mandarin Oriental's modern French restaurant in the Central district of Hong Kong. Richard Ekkebus is the executive chef.