query: An American singer-songwriter  whom has released four video albums and has appeared in thirty-eight music videos self-penned and co-produced, alongside Nathan Chapman, a song that was released in 2008 on August 8th, where are all proceeds from this song being donated to?

pos: Taylor Swift videography American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift has released four video albums and has appeared in thirty-eight music videos, five films and three television shows. From her eponymous debut album (2006), she released music videos for the singles "Tim McGraw", "Teardrops on My Guitar", "Our Song", and "Picture to Burn", all directed by Trey Fanjoy and released from 2006–08. For the second of these, she earned an MTV Video Music Award for Best New Artist nomination. She followed with three other music videos in 2008—"Beautiful Eyes" from her extended play of the same name, "Change" from the "AT&T Team USA Soundtrack" and "Love Story" from her second album "Fearless" (2008). The latter was nominated for two awards at the 2009 CMT Music Awards—Video of the Year and Female Video of the Year. For the video of "You Belong with Me" she won Best Female Video at the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards. During her acceptance speech, she was interrupted by rapper Kanye West, which sparked controversy and received much media attention.

pos: Change (Taylor Swift song) "Change" is a song performed by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. Swift self-penned the song and co-produced it alongside Nathan Chapman. The song was released on August 8, 2008, with all proceeds being donated to the United States Olympic team. "Change" was written about Swift's hopes and aspirations in regards to succeeding, although being signed to the smallest record label in Nashville, Tennessee. The track was later chosen as one of the themes for the 2008 Summer Olympics and was included on the "AT&T Team USA Soundtrack", which was released August 7, 2008. The song was later included on Swift's second studio album "Fearless", which was released in November 2008. "Change" is musically pop rock and uses divergent string instruments. Lyrically, it speaks of overcoming obstacles and achieving victory.

neg: 785 Records 785 Records is a record label located in New York, United States, founded in 2005 by songwriter Denise Rich. The label's first release was the charity single "Come Together Now", written by Rich, Sharon Stone, Mark Feist and Damon Sharpe from which the proceeds went to benefit the victims of Hurricane Katrina.

neg: Heartbeat Song (Kelly Clarkson song) "Heartbeat Song" is a song by American singer Kelly Clarkson from her seventh studio album, "Piece by Piece" (2015). Written by Mitch Allan, Audra Mae, Kara DioGuardi, and Jason Evigan, the song is an uptempo synthpop track produced by Greg Kurstin. Lyrically, it sings of meeting a person who restores someone's faith in love. Inspired by 1980s synthpop music, "Heartbeat Song" was released by RCA Records as the album's lead single on January 12, 2015.

neg: Leslie Hunt Leslie Hunt is an American singer/songwriter from Chicago, Illinois. In 2007 she was a contestant on the sixth season of American Idol, eliminated from the Top 20 on March 1. Her debut album, "From the Strange to a Stranger", was released in the same year.

neg: I Don't Wanna Cry "I Don't Wanna Cry" is a song written by Mariah Carey and Narada Michael Walden, and produced by Walden for Carey's debut album, "Mariah Carey" (1990). The ballad was released as the album's fourth single in the second quarter of 1991. It became another U.S. number one single for Carey. Like the previous singles released from "Mariah Carey", the song received a BMI Pop Award.

neg: Congregation (song) "Congregation" is a song by American rock band Foo Fighters. It is the third official single and the second radio single from their eighth studio album "Sonic Highways". It was released on October 31, 2014. The song features country music singer Zac Brown, with whom Grohl collaborated with on Zac Brown Band's extended play "The Grohl Sessions, Vol. 1".

neg: Hey You (Madonna song) "Hey You" is a charity song written and recorded by American singer Madonna. She co-produced the song with Pharrell Williams for the Live Earth campaign. It was released digitally on May 24, 2007 and was available on the CD and DVD of the Live Earth concerts on December 4, 2007. Musically it is a stripped-down, folksy ballad with straightforward, anthem-like lyrics talking about how to save the world from destruction. The song received generally mixed reviews, with one group of reviewers commenting that the modest message of the song was uninspiring while others called the song sweet and commended Madonna's commitment to charity.

neg: The Story of Us (song) "The Story of Us" is a song written and recorded by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift for her third studio album, "Speak Now" (2010). Produced by Swift alongside Nathan Chapman, the song was sent to mainstream radio in the United States on April 19, 2011, as the fourth single from "Speak Now". Swift composed "The Story of Us" regarding the time when she encountered an ex-boyfriend of hers at the 2010 CMT Music Awards. At the event, the two attempted to ignore each other, which inspired Swift to compose the song.

neg: Eightcubed Eightcubed is a Canadian electronic singer-songwriter and producer from Toronto. His debut album, "Simple Dance", was released in 2006 by Abstract Core Records. In 2008, "Heart Invaders" was released with a music video directed by computer animator Dan Swan and nationally aired on MuchMusic throughout 2008 to 2011. In 2009, he released "City Life", an EP that received popular acclaim for its low-fi and retro- futuristic sound, heard in songs such as "Promise Me" and "The Island of Purple Waterfall". Another music video for the single "Enter Light" followed in 2011 with video animation by Andrea Simone. In a Detroit radio interview, Eightcubed explained the importance of the storytelling found in his music. In 2013, he released "Sheath & Beyond EP", with the hit single "Divine Money", launching him into the Top 10 of many North American radio stations. He has been featured in Now Magazine, RCRD LBL and independent blogs.

neg: Mine (Taylor Swift song) "Mine" is a song written and performed by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. Produced by Swift along with Nathan Chapman, it was released as the lead single from Swift's third studio album, "Speak Now" (2010) by Big Machine Records. Following an unauthorized internet leak, the song was released on August 4, 2010, two weeks earlier than the intended release date. Swift was inspired to write "Mine" after reflecting on one of her unnamed crushes and explained that the song is about her tendency to run from love. The song contains elements of power-pop and its lyrics speak of the ups and downs of a young love.

neg: Show Me (John Legend song) "Show Me" is the seventh single from John Legend's album, "Once Again". The song is produced by Raphael Saadiq and Craig Street and was released as a single in December 2007. The song is noted for its vulnerability and John has cited it as one of his favorites. Along with the release came a music video tailored to fit the theme of the Anti-Poverty campaign which John started shortly afterwards.

neg: Crazier (Taylor Swift song) "Crazier" is a song by American recording artist Taylor Swift. The song was written by Swift and Robert Ellis Orrall and produced by Nathan Chapman with Swift's aid. The song was featured in both the 2009 film "" and on its . The song is a relaxed ballad with country qualities and lyrics that describe being in love. Swift performed the song as herself during a cameo in the "Hannah Montana: The Movie"; this scene was taken from the film and released as a music video for "Crazier". The song was premiered on Radio Disney and Disney Channel, the latter promoting the home release of the film. The song charting at number seventeen on the "Billboard" Hot 100, sixty-four in the Australian Singles Chart, sixty-seven in the Canadian Hot 100, and one-hundred on the UK Singles Chart.

neg: The Heart Wants What It Wants "The Heart Wants What It Wants" is a song by American singer Selena Gomez from her 2014 compilation album "For You". It was released on November 6, 2014, through Hollywood Records. The song was written by Gomez, Antonina Armato and Tim James. Additional songwriting was provided by David Jost. Armato and James, who collectively form the production duo Rock Mafia, also produced the song. A mid-tempo pop and R&B track with a minimal electropop beat, its accompanying music video was premiered on November 6, 2014, alongside the premiere of the song itself. It is Gomez's last release under the label.

neg: How to Walk Away How to Walk Away is the eighth solo album by singer/songwriter Juliana Hatfield. It was released in North America on August 19, 2008. On September 29, 2008 it was followed by her memoir, "When I Grow Up". The iTunes version of the album features a bonus track, "Not Enough" – 4:02 (offered in DRM-free iTunes Plus format).

neg: Fan-funded music Fan-funded music is a type of crowdfunding that specifically pertains to music. Often, fan-funded music occurs in conjunction with direct-to-fan marketing. Fans of music have the option to donate and collectively raise money with the goal of jump-starting the career of a given musical artist. The fan-funding of music occurs primarily through web-based services using one of two business models (see comparison of crowd funding services). Fans are typically given rewards based on their monetary contributions.

neg: Migrate (song) "Migrate" is a song by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey from her eleventh studio album, "E=MC²" (2008). It was written and produced by Carey and Danja, with additional songwriting from The Clutch and the tracks featured artist, T-Pain. An up-tempo hip hop club track, it is about Carey's movement on a girls' night out, ranging from the club, the bar, the VIP lounge, the after party and the hotel. Critical response was mixed, with many critics disapproving of Carey's decision to use Auto-Tune on her vocals. "Migrate" peaked at number ninety-two on the United States' "Billboard" Hot 100 chart, ninety-five on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart and sixty-nine on the Pop 100 chart. Carey and T-Pain performed the song on "Saturday Night Live".

neg: It's Alright, It's OK (Ashley Tisdale song) "It's Alright, It's OK" is a song by Ashley Tisdale from her second studio album, "Guilty Pleasure". The song was written by Niclas Molinder, Joacim Persson, and David Jassy, while Molinder and Persson also produced the track. It was released as the album's lead single in the United States and Canada on April 14, 2009, being released in other countries in the following week. A CD single was released in numerous countries, including the United States, Canada, Germany, and the United Kingdom. Lyrically, the song's theme of heartache and a bad relationship are similar to her previous works, as well as several other tracks featured on Tisdale's second album.

neg: Hollow Man (song) "Hollow Man" is the fourth track and second single from R.E.M.'s fourteenth album "Accelerate". The music video was created by Crush Inc., a graphic-design and production studio based in Toronto, and posted on the band's website on April 23, 2008. The single was released in the UK on June 2, 2008. The song peaked at number 7 on "Billboard" magazine's Triple A chart.

neg: Burn It Down (Linkin Park song) "Burn It Down" is a song by American rock band Linkin Park. The song was released to radio stations, as well as a digital download, on April 16, 2012, as the lead single from their fifth studio album "Living Things". The song was written by the band and produced by co-lead vocalist Mike Shinoda and Rick Rubin, who co-produced the band's studio albums "Minutes to Midnight" (2007) and "A Thousand Suns" (2010). A music video for the song was directed by Linkin Park turntablist Joe Hahn. As of February 13, 2013, "Burn It Down" had sold over one million copies in the United States, making it their eighth million selling single.

neg: Nothing Left to Lose (song) "Nothing Left to Lose" is a song by Nashville-based musician Mat Kearney and is the first single released off his major-label debut of the same name, released in April 2006. This song has also been released as part of an iTunes EP on April 17, 2007, featuring an acoustic version of the track. It was also used in a 30-second trailer for the 2007 movie "Catch and Release" and a fragmented relationship in "Dirty Sexy Money". It was also featured by the compilation album "WOW Hits 2008".

neg: That's All She Wrote "That's All She Wrote" is a song by American rapper T.I., released on January 11, 2011, as the eighth single from his seventh studio album "No Mercy" (2010). The song, produced by Dr. Luke and Max Martin, features vocals from fellow American rapper Eminem.


query: Which singer signed to Warner Brothers Records was a part of the Hotter than Hell Tour?

pos: Hotter than Hell Tour (Dua Lipa) Hotter than Hell Tour is the second official concert tour by English singer Dua Lipa, in support of her debut studio album "Dua Lipa" (2017). It is named after her hit single "Hotter than Hell".

pos: Dua Lipa (album) Dua Lipa is the debut studio album by English singer Dua Lipa. It was released on 2 June 2017 by Warner Bros. Records. The lyrical themes revolve around her personal views of love, rising above, sex and self-empowerment.

neg: Paula DeAnda Paula Dacia DeAnda (born November 3, 1989) is an American singer-songwriter and actress. She first came to prominence with her first single, "Doing Too Much", which became a hit in the Southwest. She then got the opportunity to audition for Clive Davis, who signed her to Arista Records on the spot. Her debut album, "Paula DeAnda", was released in 2006 and contained the US "Billboard" Hot 100 top twenty song "Walk Away (Remember Me)".

neg: Mandy Moore Amanda Leigh Moore (born April 10, 1984) is an American singer/songwriter and actress. After coming to prominence with her debut single "Candy", which peaked at number 41 on the "Billboard" Hot 100, Moore signed with Epic Records. Her debut studio album, "So Real" (1999), went on to receive a Platinum certification from the RIAA. Her 2000 single "I Wanna Be with You", from her second studio album of the same name, became Moore's first Top 30 song in the United States, peaking at number 24 on the Billboard Hot 100. Her subsequent studio albums, the eponymous "Mandy Moore" (2001), "Coverage" (2003), "Wild Hope" (2007) and "Amanda Leigh" (2009), have seen continued success. As of 2009, "Billboard" reported that Moore has sold more than 10 million albums worldwide, and in 2012 she was ranked #96 on VH1's list of "100 Greatest Women in Music" as well as #63 on their "Sexiest Artists of All Time List".

neg: Blaze Foley Michael David Fuller (December 18, 1949 – February 1, 1989), better known under the stage name Blaze Foley, was an American country music singer-songwriter.

neg: Wild about Nothing Wild About Nothing is debut studio album by Helen Hoffner. It was the culmination of ten years work that started in 1982 when Helen joined the band The Astronauts (Stiff Records) with Simon Burton and David Lief. Subsequently, Simon and Helen formed an all-girl band called The Marines (CBS/Sony Records) with Denny Jones and Sarah Pritchard; Simon wrote and produced the material and they were managed by Colin Lester. After a couple of minor hit singles and tour support for Kylie Minogue in 1989, it was decided that Helen should become a solo artist. For the next 18 months, Helen and Simon worked on putting her solo album together. They signed to Warner Brothers and began recording in April 1992. Produced by Hugh Padgham and Simon Burton, the album featured Vinnie Colaiuta - Drums; Pino Palidino - Bass; Dominic Miller - Guitar; Bob Marlett and Michael Scherchen - Keyboards. The original pressing of the album only had 11 tracks; "Edge of a Dream" (featuring Bryan Adams) was added later on, not having been a part of the original album recording. "Summer of Love", which was a hit in Norway and Finland, has been covered by Faye Wong and numerous other artists. The album sold gold in Finland.

neg: Never Been Better Tour Never Been Better Tour was the concert tour of British recording artist Olly Murs. The tour supports his fourth studio album "Never Been Better" (2014) and was announced in November 2014. Originally, only a leg consisting of 14 shows in UK was planned, but due to high demand, the run was expanded with more dates, also in the rest of Europe.

neg: Whitney Houston Whitney Elizabeth Houston (August 9, 1963 – February 11, 2012) was an American singer, actress, producer, and model. In 2009, "Guinness World Records" cited her as the most awarded female act of all-time. Houston is one of the best-selling music artists of all-time, with 200 million records sold worldwide. She released seven studio albums and two soundtrack albums, all of which have diamond, multi-platinum, platinum, or gold certification. Houston's crossover appeal on the popular music charts, as well as her prominence on MTV, starting with her video for "How Will I Know", influenced several African American women artists who follow in her footsteps.

neg: Better Day World Tour The Better Day World Tour was the tenth concert tour by American recording artist, Dolly Parton. Visiting North America, Europe and Australia, the tour supported her 41st studio album, "Better Day". With nearly 275,000 tickets sold, and an overall gross of $34 million, it is Parton's most successful tour. The tour was her first visit to Australia in 30 years.

neg: Connie Cato Connie Cato (born March 30, 1955) is a country music singer. Signed to Capitol Records, Cato released three albums in the 1970s and several singles including the top twenty hit "Hurt" in 1975. She stopped recording in the early 1980s.

neg: T Lopez Christina T. Lopez (born April 18, 1981), better known by her stage name T Lopez, is a Mexican American actress and singer from Ontario, California. T Lopez was a former member of the Latina group known as Soluna, signed to DreamWorks Records, whose musical debut album "For All Time" and debut single of the same name was released in 2002. The group opened for the international tours of Enrique Iglesias and Marc Anthony.

neg: Matt Skiba Matthew Thomas "Matt" Skiba (born February 24, 1976) is an American musician, singer and songwriter known for his role as the co-lead vocalist and guitarist of the bands Alkaline Trio and Blink-182. Skiba began performing with Blink-182 in March 2015 following the second departure of founding guitarist and vocalist Tom DeLonge and later became an official member in July 2015; he appears on the band's seventh album, "California", which was released on July 1, 2016, as well as the deluxe edition of the album, which was released on May 19, 2017. Skiba has also recorded and performed solo and with his side-projects, Heavens and The Hell. In 2012, he released a solo album, "Babylon", with his backing band The Sekrets. A second album, "Kuts", was released on June 1, 2015.

neg: Demi World Tour The Demi World Tour was the fourth headlining concert tour by American singer Demi Lovato. It was Lovato's second tour in support of her fourth studio album "Demi" (2013), following The Neon Lights Tour. During most of the European tour dates in 2014 (except for Istanbul), Lovato was the opening act for Enrique Iglesias' Sex and Love Tour. The tour was produced and promoted by Live Nation, and sponsored by the Tampax and Always Radiant Collection. The first leg of the tour took place in the United States and Canada from September 6, 2014 to October 27, 2014, where Christina Perri and MKTO served as opening acts. Lovato toured Oceania and Asia in early 2015.

neg: Private Dancer Tour Private Dancer Tour is a 1985 concert tour by the American singer Tina Turner. In conjunction with her multi-platinum selling album "Private Dancer", the tour helped to establish Turner as a major solo artist and live performer and is often considered one of the best comebacks in music history.

neg: The Crust Brothers The Crust Brothers, a band formed by Stephen Malkmus and members of Silkworm (Michael Dahlquist, Tim Midgett, and Andy Cohen), released one album, "Marquee Mark", a live recording of their December 5, 1997, show at the Crocodile Cafe in Seattle, Washington. The show was a benefit for the Washington Wilderness Coalition. The band stuck exclusively to covers (Malkmus sang lead on Silkworm's "Never met a man I didn't like"), refusing to play any Pavement songs—notably the requested "Summer Babe." Of the 12 covers on "Marquee Mark", seven are from Bob Dylan & The Band's "The Basement Tapes".

neg: Highway to Hell Tour Highway to Hell Tour was a concert tour by Australian rock band AC/DC in support of the group's seventh studio album, "Highway to Hell", which was released on 27 July 1979. The tour began on 13 July 1979 at Rijnhal in Arnhem, Netherlands and continued throughout Europe and North America until it concluded on 27 January 1980 at Southampton's Gaumont Theatre. This was the last tour with Bon Scott, who died four weeks after the tour's completion.

neg: Between the Sheets Tour The Between The Sheets Tour was a co-headlining concert tour by American recording artists Chris Brown and Trey Songz, along with rapper Tyga supporting, in support of their sixth studio albums "X" and "Trigga", respectively. The tour began on January 27, 2015 in Hampton, Virginia and ended on March 18, 2015 in Greensboro, North Carolina.

neg: Dee Dee Warwick Delia Juanita Warrick (September 25, 1945 – October 18, 2008), known as Dee Dee Warwick, was an American soul singer. Born in Newark, New Jersey, she was the sister of Dionne Warwick, niece of Cissy Houston and the cousin of Whitney Houston.

neg: Tim "Ripper" Owens Timothy S. "Ripper" Owens (born September 13, 1967) is an American heavy metal singer who currently performs with Beyond Fear, Yngwie Malmsteen's Rising Force and Charred Walls of the Damned. He first gained attention as the lead singer of Judas Priest, and then Iced Earth. He took the nickname "Ripper" from the Judas Priest song "The Ripper" during his time in the tribute band "British Steel".

neg: The Best Damn World Tour The Best Damn Tour was the third concert tour by Canadian recording artist, Avril Lavigne. Supporting her third studio album, "The Best Damn Thing", the tour played over 100 concerts in North America, Europe and Asia. The trek was recorded at the Air Canada Centre in Toronto for a live DVD set entitled, "The Best Damn Tour: Live in Toronto". The tour has grossed over $60 million worldwide.

neg: Jerry Reed Jerry Reed Hubbard (March 20, 1937 – September 1, 2008), known professionally as Jerry Reed, was an American country music singer, guitarist, and songwriter, as well as an actor who appeared in more than a dozen films. His signature songs included "Guitar Man", "U.S. Male", "A Thing Called Love", "Alabama Wild Man", "Amos Moses", "When You're Hot, You're Hot" (which garnered a Grammy Award for Best Male Country Vocal Performance), "Ko-Ko Joe", "Lord, Mr. Ford", "East Bound and Down" (the theme song for the 1977 blockbuster "Smokey and the Bandit", in which Reed co-starred), "The Bird", and "She Got the Goldmine (I Got the Shaft)".

neg: Bring Ya to the Brink Tour The Bring Ya To The Brink Tour was a worldwide concert tour by American singer-songwriter and actress Cyndi Lauper to support her album "Bring Ya to the Brink". It was the tenth official Cyndi Lauper's own tour that she was promoting an album. The shows were in Australia, Japan, Europe and South America, with over 40 concerts in 22 countries. Lauper raised more than 30 million dollars with this tour. In the UK, her opening act was Jessie J who later joined Cyndi on stage to sing with her on Girls Just Want To Have Fun. The North American (United States and Canada) leg of this tour was covered by her True Colors 2008 tour in the summer of 2008 where she performed an almost identical set to promote "Bring Ya to the Brink".


query: The physicist who made an argument with Enrico Fermi against the existence of extraterrestrial civilizations has described himself as what?

pos: Fermi paradox The Fermi paradox or Fermi's paradox, named after physicist Enrico Fermi, is the apparent contradiction between the lack of evidence and high probability estimates, for the existence of extraterrestrial civilizations. The basic points of the argument, made by physicists Enrico Fermi (1901–1954) and Michael H. Hart (born 1932), are:

pos: Michael H. Hart Michael H. Hart (born April 27, 1932) is an American astrophysicist and author, most notably of "The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History". He has described himself as a white separatist and is active in white separatist causes.

neg: Dirac fermion In physics, a Dirac fermion is a fermion which is not its own antiparticle. The vast majority of particles fall under this category, as they are not their own antiparticles, and in particle physics all fermions in the standard model, except possibly neutrinos, are Dirac fermions. They are named for Paul Dirac, and can be modeled with the Dirac equation.

neg: Theomachist Theomachist is a term used to refer to an individual who resists God or the divine will. The term comes from the Greek words "theos", meaning God and "machē", meaning battle. Karl Marx was considered by many to be a theomachist. The atheists who established the Cult of Reason in Revolutionary France have also been described with this term.

neg: David Malament David B. Malament (born 1947) is an American philosopher of science, specializing in the philosophy of physics.

neg: Stephen L. Adler Stephen Louis Adler (born November 30, 1939) is an American physicist specializing in elementary particles and field theory.

neg: Robert Russell Newton Robert Russell Newton, also R. R. Newton (July 7, 1918 – June 2, 1991) was an American physicist, astronomer, and historian of science.

neg: George Gamow George Gamow (March 4 [O.S. February 20] 1904 August 19, 1968), born Georgiy Antonovich Gamov (Russian: Гео́ргий Анто́нович Га́мов ; ] ), was a theoretical physicist and cosmologist. He was an early advocate and developer of Lemaître's Big Bang theory. He discovered a theoretical explanation of alpha decay via quantum tunneling, and worked on radioactive decay of the atomic nucleus, star formation, stellar nucleosynthesis and Big Bang nucleosynthesis (which he collectively called nucleocosmogenesis), and molecular genetics.

neg: Knowledge argument The knowledge argument (also known as Mary's room or Mary the super-scientist) is a philosophical thought experiment proposed by Frank Jackson in his article "Epiphenomenal Qualia" (1982) and extended in "What Mary Didn't Know" (1986). The experiment is intended to argue against physicalism—the view that the universe, including all that is mental, is entirely physical. The debate that emerged following its publication became the subject of an edited volume—"There's Something About Mary" (2004)—which includes replies from such philosophers as Daniel Dennett, David Lewis, and Paul Churchland.

neg: James E. McDonald James Edward McDonald (May 7, 1920 – June 13, 1971) was an American physicist. He is best known for his research regarding UFOs. McDonald was senior physicist at the Institute for Atmospheric Physics and professor in the Department of Meteorology, University of Arizona, Tucson.

neg: David Bohm David Joseph Bohm FRS (December 20, 1917 – October 27, 1992) was an American scientist who has been described as one of the most significant theoretical physicists of the 20th century and who contributed unorthodox ideas to quantum theory, neuropsychology and the philosophy of mind.

neg: Marcelo Samuel Berman Marcelo Samuel Berman (born Buenos Aires, Argentina, 10 April 1945) is an Argentine/Brazilian (double citizenship) theoretical physicist, specializing in relativistic cosmology, and a journalist. He is the publisher of books dealing with science, philosophy of science and learning techniques.

neg: Steven Goddard Steven Goddard (pseudonym for Tony Heller) is a blogger and the publisher of "Real Science," a website he established to assert that concerns over anthropogenic global warming are exaggerated. Before establishing his own blog, Goddard built his reputation as a challenger to anthropogenic climate change theories through frequent postings on the Watts Up with That? blog. Goddard wrote pseudonymously until 2014 when he revealed his true real identity on his blog. He has a BS in geology from Arizona State University and a Master's degree in electrical engineering from Rice University.

neg: The Kalām Cosmological Argument The Kalām Cosmological Argument is a 1979 book by William Lane Craig, in which the author offers a contemporary defense of the Kalām cosmological argument and purports to establish the existence of God based upon the alleged metaphysical impossibility of an infinite regress of past events. According to Craig, given that an infinite temporal regress is metaphysically impossible and that everything that begins to exist has a cause of its existence. In a further analysis Craig discloses that this cause is a personal creator who changelessly and independently willed the beginning of the universe.

neg: H. Dieter Zeh Heinz-Dieter Zeh (] ; born 8 May 1932 in Braunschweig, Germany), usually referred to as H. Dieter Zeh, is a professor emeritus of the University of Heidelberg and theoretical physicist.

neg: Nikolai Eberhardt Nikolai Eberhardt , a German émigré physicist, has written "From the Big Bang to the Human Predicament" (1998),

neg: Edward Condon Edward Uhler Condon (March 2, 1902 – March 26, 1974) was a distinguished American nuclear physicist, a pioneer in quantum mechanics, and a participant in the development of radar and nuclear weapons during World War II as part of the Manhattan Project. The Franck–Condon principle and the Slater–Condon rules are co-named after him.

neg: Neocatastrophism Neocatastrophism is the hypothesis that life-exterminating events such as gamma-ray bursts have acted as a galactic regulation mechanism in the Milky Way upon the emergence of complex life in its habitable zone. It is proposed as an explanation of Fermi's paradox since it provides a mechanism which would have delayed the otherwise expected advent of intelligent beings in the local galaxy nearby to Earth. This is an avenue to explain why none so far have been detected by humans.

neg: Vera Rubin Vera Cooper Rubin (July 23, 1928 – December 25, 2016) was an American astronomer who pioneered work on galaxy rotation rates. She uncovered the discrepancy between the predicted angular motion of galaxies and the observed motion, by studying galactic rotation curves. This phenomenon became known as the galaxy rotation problem, and was evidence of the existence of dark matter. Although initially met with skepticism, Rubin's results were confirmed over subsequent decades. Her legacy was described by "The New York Times" as "ushering in a Copernican-scale change" in cosmological theory.

neg: Lyman Page Lyman Alexander Page, Jr. (born September 24, 1957) is the James S. McDonnell Distinguished University Professor in Physics at Princeton University. He is an expert in observational cosmology and one of the original co-investigators for the WMAP probe that made precise observations of the cosmic background radiation, an electromagnetic echo of the Universe's big bang phase.

neg: Heinz Pagels Heinz Rudolf Pagels (February 19, 1939 – July 23, 1988) was an American physicist, an adjunct professor of physics at Rockefeller University, the executive director and chief executive officer of the New York Academy of Sciences, and president of the International League for Human Rights. He wrote the popular science books "The Cosmic Code" (1982), "Perfect Symmetry" (1985), and "" (1988).

neg: Jeremy Bernstein Jeremy Bernstein (born December 31, 1929 - , in Rochester, New York) is an American theoretical physicist and science essayist.


query: What was the ethnicity of the danseur, choreographer, artistic director, actor, and author that said, "Fracci gave the world a new idea of the ballerina in 19th-century Romantic ballets"?

pos: Carla Fracci Carla Fracci (] ; born 20 August 1936, Milan) is an Italian ballet dancer and actress. Thanks to her extensive career and her acclaimed interpretation of several classical romantic ballets such as "La Sylphide", Fracci became one of the most experienced and recognized interpreters of Romantic ballets. “As Erik Bruhn once said, [Fracci] gave the world a new idea of the ballerina in 19th-century Romantic ballets.” Her career highlights include "Nijinsky", "Giselle" (American Ballet Theatre), Complete Bell Telephone Hour Performances: Erik Bruhn 1961-1967.

pos: Erik Bruhn Erik Belton Evers Bruhn (3 October 1928 – 1 April 1986) was a Danish danseur, choreographer, artistic director, actor, and author.

neg: Maria Litto Maria Litto (1919–1996) was a German ballet dancer, choreographer and film actress. In 1970, she pioneered dance programming on German television.

neg: Nicolas Zverev Nicolas Zverev (or Zvereff ; Russian: Николай Матвеевич Зверев ; 1888, Moscow - 24 July 1965 Saint-Raphaël) was a Russian-French dancer and ballet master.

neg: Francesco Ventriglia Francesco Ventriglia (born 9 June 1978) is an Italian ballet dancer, choreographer and artistic director. He was, most recently, the Artistic Director of the Royal New Zealand Ballet from November 2014 until June 2017. Ventriglia is also a choreographer of classical and contemporary Ballet, having works performed internationally by companies such as the Royal New Zealand Ballet, La Scala Ballet, Bolshoi Theatre, the Mariinsky Ballet.

neg: Antoine Bournonville Antoine Bournonville (19 May 1760 – 11 January 1843) was a French ballet dancer, actor, singer and a choreographer, active in the Royal Swedish Ballet and the Royal Danish Ballet and eventually ballet master in the latter. He is considered to have played a great role in the development of the ballet in Scandinavia. He was the father of August Bournonville.

neg: Marie Taglioni Marie Taglioni (23 April 1804 – 22 April 1884) was a ballet dancer of the Romantic ballet era, a central figure in the history of European dance. She was one of the most celebrated ballerinas of the romantic ballet, which was cultivated primarily at Her Majesty's Theatre in London, and at the Théâtre de l'Académie Royale de Musique of the Paris Opera Ballet. She is credited with (though not confirmed) being the first ballerina to truly dance en pointe.

neg: André Prokovsky André Prokovsky (13 January 1939 – 15 August 2009) was a Franco-Russian ballet dancer, choreographer, and company director. Admired as a bravura performer and an innovative choreographer, he had a varied career that was broadly international in scope.

neg: Mark Morris (choreographer) Mark William Morris (born August 29, 1956) is an American dancer, choreographer and director whose work is acclaimed for its craftsmanship, ingenuity, humor, and at times eclectic musical accompaniments. Morris is popular among dance aficionados, the music world, as well as mainstream audiences.

neg: Douglas Becker Douglas Becker is a choreographer and teacher working in many idioms, including ballet, contemporary dance, and improvisation throughout Europe and the United States. A founding member and principal dancer of the Frankfurt Ballet under the direction of acclaimed choreographer William Forsythe, he played a pivotal role in the creation of many of the choreographer’s early signature pieces and is one of a number of individuals around the world with the authority to remount his repertory. In the making of his own creations, Becker's choreography has been hailed as "innovative and energetic, very graphic and with purity of movement" (Swiss newspaper "24 Heures") and praised for its "delicate, intricate partnering and fleet movements" (The New York Times). Becker's collaborative process of choreographic development improvises upon and utilizes dancers' individual talents and characteristics.

neg: Frederick Ashton Sir Frederick William Mallandaine Ashton (17 September 190418 August 1988) was a British ballet dancer and choreographer. He also worked as a director and choreographer in opera, film and revue.

neg: Balanchine method Balanchine method is a commonly used alternative name for Balanchine technique, a ballet performance style invented by George Balanchine (1904-1983) during his long career as a dancer, choreographer, and teacher. Balanchine had talked about documenting his technique but never accomplished this goal. After his death, the George Balanchine Foundation was formed to preserve his technique and choreographic works.

neg: Alicia Markova Dame Alicia Markova DBE (1 December 1910 – 2 December 2004) was an English ballerina and a choreographer, director and teacher of classical ballet. Most noted for her career with Sergei Diaghilev's Ballets Russes and touring internationally, she was widely considered to be one of the greatest classical ballet dancers of the twentieth century. She was the first British dancer to become the principal dancer of a ballet company and, with Dame Margot Fonteyn, is one of only two English dancers to be recognised as a prima ballerina assoluta. Markova was a founder dancer of the Rambert Dance Company, The Royal Ballet and American Ballet Theatre, and was co-founder and director of the English National Ballet.

neg: John Hart (dancer) Francis John Hart CBE (4 July 1921 – 8 February 2015), was an English ballet dancer, choreographer and artistic director of Ballet West from 1986 to 1997.

neg: Vasili Vainonen Vasili Ivanovich Vainonen, also spelled Vasily (Russian: Васи́лий Ива́нович Вайно́нен ) (1901-1964), was a renowned Soviet choreographer, mainly for the Kirov Ballet, now known as the Mariinsky Ballet, with which he worked from 1930 to 1938.

neg: Tan Sağtürk Tan Sağtürk (] ) (born July 14, 1969, İzmir, Turkey) is a Turkish actor, ballet dancer, and choreographer. A graduate of Ballet Department of Hacettepe University Ankara State Conservatory, Sağtürk is a soloist dancer of the Jeune Ballet de France, Ballet National de France, and Istanbul National Opera and Ballet. He is also the eponymous founder of ballet and dance schools in Diyarbakır, Mardin, Gaziantep, Kayseri, İstanbul, Ankara, İzmir, and Northern Cyprus.

neg: Ileana Leonidoff Ileana Leonidoff (1893-after 1966) is a pseudonym for Elena Sergeevna Pisarevskaya (Russian: Елена Сергеевна Писаревская ) Russian-born emigrée who first made a career in Italy in silent films and then as a noted dancer and choreographer. She was the founder and lead dancer of the Dance School of Teatro dell'Opera di Roma. During World War II, she fled to South America first teaching in Argentina and then in Ecuador in 1950. She was the first director of the Ballet Oficial de Bolivia, then served as the director of the Guayaquil Ballet in Ecuador, and became the founder of the Ballet School of Trujillo, Peru. She was honored as a knight of the Order of the Condor of the Andes in 1953.

neg: Peggy van Praagh Dame Margaret "Peggy" van Praagh, DBE (1 September 1910 – 15 January 1990) was a British ballet dancer, choreographer, teacher, repetiteur, producer, advocate and director, who spent much of her later career in Australia.

neg: Frank Augustyn Frank Joseph Augustyn, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (born January 27, 1953) is a Canadian ballet dancer and artistic director. He was principal dancer of the National Ballet of Canada and the Berlin Opera Ballet.

neg: Natalia Makarova Natalia Romanovna Makarova (Russian: Ната́лия Рома́новна Мака́рова , born 21 November 1940) is a Soviet-Russian-born prima ballerina and choreographer. "The History of Dance", published in 1981, notes that “her performances set standards of artistry and aristocracy of dance which mark her as the finest ballerina of her generation in the West.”

neg: Vaslav Nijinsky Vaslav Nijinsky (also Vatslav; Russian: Ва́цлав Фоми́ч Нижи́нский ; ] ; Polish: "Wacław Niżyński" ; 12 March 1889/18908 April 1950) was a Russian ballet dancer and choreographer of Polish descent, cited as the greatest male dancer of the early 20th century. He was celebrated for his virtuosity and for the depth and intensity of his characterizations. He could dance "en pointe", a rare skill among male dancers at the time and was admired for his seemingly gravity-defying leaps.

neg: Richard Cragun Richard Cragun (5 October 1944 – 6 August 2012) was an American ballet dancer who rose to international fame with the Stuttgart Ballet in Germany. He has been called a "prince of the ballet world" and "one of the most important dancers of the twentieth century."


query: What Jerymn Street selective school founded a multi-Academy trust with Carre's Grammar School?

pos: Carre's Grammar School Carre's Grammar School is a selective secondary school for boys in Sleaford, a market town in Lincolnshire, England. Founded on 1 September 1604 by an indenture of Robert Carre, the school was funded by rents from farmland and run by a group of trustees. The indenture restricted the endowment to £20 without accounting for inflation, causing the school to decline during the 18th century and effectively close in 1816. Revived by a decree from the Court of Chancery in 1830, new buildings were constructed at its present site and the school re-opened in 1835. Faced with competition from cheaper commercial schools and declining rolls, Carre's eventually added technical and artistic instruction to its Classical curriculum by affiliating with Kesteven County Council in 1895. Following the Education Act 1944, school fees were abolished and Carre's became Voluntary Aided. New buildings were completed in 1966 to house the rising number of students. After plans for comprehensive education in Sleaford came to nothing in the 1970s and 1980s, Carre's converted to grant-maintained status in 1990. Foundation status followed and the school became an Academy in 2011; a multi-Academy trust with Kesteven and Sleaford High School was formed in 2015.

pos: Kesteven and Sleaford High School Kesteven and Sleaford High School, (KSHS), is a selective school with academy status for girls aged between eleven and sixteen and girls and boys between sixteen and eighteen, located on Jermyn Street in the small market town of Sleaford, Lincolnshire, England, close to Sleaford railway station.

neg: The Charter School The Charter School is a coeducational secondary school with academy status in Dulwich, within the London Borough of Southwark, south London, England. It opened in September 2000 and occupies a site on Red Post Hill next to North Dulwich railway station and nearby Herne Hill. Jim Leonard is a former student

neg: King Edward VII Academy King Edward VII Academy (known as KES Academy) is a large, mixed comprehensive secondary school in Gaywood Road (A148), King's Lynn, Norfolk, England with around 1,300 pupils, including about 300 in sixth form education. Prior to the school year beginning in September 1979, KES was an all-boys state grammar school. The school became an academy, sponsored by the College of West Anglia's CWA Academy Trust in September 2014 but following the College's withdrawal from school sponsorship in the summer of 2017 is now part of the Eastern Multi-Academy Trust. In July 2017 another critical Ofsted report judging the school to "require improvement" was followed by the resignation of its Principal, Craig Morrison.

neg: St Anselm's Catholic School St. Anselm's Catholic School is a co-educational (11-18) Catholic comprehensive school, founded in 1964 by the Archdiocese of Southwark. It occupies a rural site on the fringes of Canterbury with extensive playing fields, bordered by orchards and farmland. The school currently has 1,080 students, of whom 150 are in the sixth form. The Headteacher is Mr Mike Walters. In September 2004 St. Anselm's was designated as a specialist Science College, and in May 2015 the school converted to academy status.

neg: The Hermitage Academy The Hermitage Academy (formerly The Hermitage School) is a mixed secondary school and sixth form located in Chester-le-Street, County Durham, England.

neg: Devonport High School for Girls Devonport High School for Girls is a selective girls' state grammar school with academy status (ages 11–18) in Plymouth, England.

neg: Forest Gate Community School Forest Gate Community School is a mixed comprehensive secondary school in the London Borough of Newham, rated Outstanding by Ofsted in 2016. The school plans to extend form entry from eight forms of entry to nine – rising to a total of 1,350 pupils – starting with the Year 7 admission in September 2019 to meet demand from local parents. The school was described in an article in the Daily Mail as "one of the most inspirational in Britain".

neg: The Albany School The Albany School is a mixed secondary school with academy status, located in the Hornchurch area of the London Borough of Havering, England.

neg: Loughborough Endowed Schools Loughborough Endowed Schools is a collective of four selective, independent, private schools in the town of Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK. It comprises Loughborough Grammar School, an all-boys' secondary school, Loughborough High School, an all-girls' secondary school, Fairfield Preparatory School, a co-educational preparatory school, and, since September 2015, Our Lady's Convent School. The schools are all located in short proximity to each other, with the first three sharing a campus.

neg: Walworth Academy Walworth Academy is a mixed, non-selective school for pupils from 11 to 18.

neg: Kendrick School Kendrick School is a selective girls' grammar school situated in the centre of Reading, Berkshire, UK. In February 2011, Kendrick became an Academy.

neg: London Academies Enterprise Trust London Academies Enterprise Trust (LAET) is a UK Multi-academy Trust (MAT) controlled by the Academies Enterprise Trust (AET)

neg: Sir Roger Manwood's School Sir Roger Manwood's School is a coeducational grammar school with academy status located in Sandwich, Kent, England. It is one of 35 state boarding schools in England.

neg: Castle Hall Academy Castle Hall Academy (formerly Castle Hall School) is a mixed 11–16 Academy in Mirfield, West Yorkshire, England. The school has been awarded specialist Language College status. 174 pupils at age 11 are taken in annually. Preference is given to those who live within the catchment area.

neg: Girls' Day School Trust The Girls' Day School Trust (GDST) is a group of 26 independent schools - 24 schools and two academies - in England and Wales, catering for pupils aged 3 to 18. It is the largest group of independent schools in the UK, and educates 20,000 girls each year. It was formed in 1872 to provide affordable day-school (non-boarding) education for girls as The Girls' Public Day School Company (1872–1905), then The Girls' Public Day School Trust (1906–1998).

neg: De Aston School De Aston School is a mixed secondary school with academy status in Market Rasen, Lincolnshire, England. It also has a sixth form and boarding house. The school has a broad Christian ethos but accommodates those of other faiths or no faith.

neg: Chaucer School, Sheffield Chaucer School is a secondary school with academy status located in the Parson Cross area of Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. Named after Geoffrey Chaucer, the school became Sheffield's third comprehensive school (after Myers Grove School and Hinde House School) in 1964, located on two sites separated by a field, one newly built. These were made up of the west building (Top) located on Halifax Road and the east building (Bottom) on Wordsworth Avenue.

neg: Torquay Girls' Grammar School Torquay Girls' Grammar School is a selective grammar school for girls aged 11–18, in Torquay, Devon, UK. It became one of the first schools to achieve Humanities Specialist School status in September 2004, and is one of the first to offer the AQA Baccalaureate. On 1 February 2011, the school officially gained academy status. It is a member of the South West Academic Trust - a collaboration of seven high-performing grammar schools and Exeter University. The examination results regularly place the school in the top twenty state girls' schools nationally.

neg: Downend School Downend School is a coeducational secondary school and sixth form with academy status, situated on Westerleigh Road in the suburban village of Downend in South Gloucestershire, England.

neg: Trinity Primary Academy Trinity Primary Academy is a primary school in Bounds Green Road, Wood Green, London. It is a grade II listed building with Historic England. It is part of the Academies Enterprise Trust.

neg: Outwood Grange Academies Trust Outwood Grange Academies Trust (OGAT) is a multi-academy trust (MAT) that operates twenty-one schools with academy status (sixteen secondary and five primary) across northern England and the East Midlands. It is an exempt charity, regulated by the Department for Education.


query: In which year did Tom Gray aid in the discovery of a hominid fossil

pos: Tom Gray (archaeologist) Tom Gray is an archaeologist that aided in the discovery of the hominid fossil Lucy, alongside Donald Johanson. During their expedition, Gray, then a graduate student, prompted Johanson to return to a previously explored dig site where Johanson then discovered the fossilized remains of Lucy.

pos: Lucy (Australopithecus) Lucy is the common name of AL 288-1, several hundred pieces of bone fossils representing 40 percent of the skeleton of a female of the hominin species "Australopithecus afarensis". In Ethiopia, the assembly is also known as Dinkinesh, which means "you are marvelous" in the Amharic language. Lucy was discovered in 1974 in Africa, near the village Hadar in the Awash Valley of the Afar Triangle in Ethiopia, by paleoanthropologist Donald Johanson of the Cleveland Museum of Natural History.

neg: 1876 in paleontology Paleontology or palaeontology (from Greek: "paleo", "ancient"; "ontos", "being"; and "logos", "knowledge") is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that published in the year 1876.

neg: 1944 in paleontology Paleontology or palaeontology (from Greek: "paleo", "ancient"; "ontos", "being"; and "logos", "knowledge") is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that published in the year 1944.

neg: Homo antecessor Homo antecessor is an extinct human species (or subspecies) dating from 1.2 million to 800,000 years ago, that was discovered by Eudald Carbonell, Juan Luis Arsuaga and J. M. Bermúdez de Castro.

neg: Australopithecus bahrelghazali Australopithecus bahrelghazali is a fossil hominin discovered in 1995 by a Franco-Chadian team led by the paleontologist Michel Brunet. Two fossils have been described:

neg: Miguelón Miguelón is the popular nickname for the most complete skull of an "Homo heidelbergensis" ever found. It has been estimated to date to 400,000 years ago. More than 5,500 human fossils of this species, which are considered to be the direct ancestor of Homo neanderthalensis, have been found in the Sima de los Huesos ("pit of bones") site in the Sierra de Atapuerca in northern Spain.

neg: 1755 in paleontology Paleontology or palaeontology (from Greek: "paleo", "ancient"; "ontos", "being"; and "logos", "knowledge") is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that published in the year 1755.

neg: 1824 in paleontology Paleontology or palaeontology (from Greek: "paleo", "ancient"; "ontos", "being"; and "logos", "knowledge") is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that published in the year 1824.

neg: 1915 in paleontology Paleontology or palaeontology (from Greek: "paleo", "ancient"; "ontos", "being"; and "logos", "knowledge") is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that published in the year 1915.

neg: 1887 in paleontology Paleontology or palaeontology (from Greek: "paleo", "ancient"; "ontos", "being"; and "logos", "knowledge") is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that published in the year 1887.

neg: Talgai Skull The Talgai Skull is a human fossil found on the Talgai Station, Queensland, Australia. It is the first direct proof of the Pleistocene antiquity of "Homo sapiens" in Australia.

neg: 1961 in paleontology Paleontology or palaeontology (from Greek: "paleo", "ancient"; "ontos", "being"; and "logos", "knowledge") is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that published in the year 1961.

neg: 1955 in paleontology Paleontology or palaeontology (from Greek: "paleo", "ancient"; "ontos", "being"; and "logos", "knowledge") is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that published in the year 1955.

neg: 1994 in paleontology Paleontology or palaeontology (from Greek: "paleo", "ancient"; "ontos", "being"; and "logos", "knowledge") is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that published in the year 1994.

neg: Marcellin Boule He studied and published the first analysis of a complete Neanderthal specimen. The fossil discovered in La Chapelle-aux-Saints was an old man, and Boule characterized it as brutish, bent kneed and not a fully erect biped. In an illustration he commissioned, the Neanderthal was characterized as a hairy gorilla-like figure with opposable toes, according to a skeleton which was already distorted with arthritis. As a result, Neanderthals were viewed in subsequent decades as being highly primitive creatures with no direct relation to anatomically modern humans. Later re-evaluations of the La Chapelle-aux-Saints skeleton have roundly discredited Boule's initial work on the specimen.

neg: 1843 in paleontology Paleontology or palaeontology (from Greek: "paleo", "ancient"; "ontos", "being"; and "logos", "knowledge") is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that published in the year 1843.

neg: 1959 in paleontology Paleontology or palaeontology (from Greek: "paleo", "ancient"; "ontos", "being"; and "logos", "knowledge") is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that published in the year 1959.

neg: 1842 in paleontology Paleontology or palaeontology (from Greek: "paleo", "ancient"; "ontos", "being"; and "logos", "knowledge") is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that published in the year 1842.

neg: 1941 in paleontology Paleontology or palaeontology (from Greek: "paleo", "ancient"; "ontos", "being"; and "logos", "knowledge") is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that published in the year 1941.

neg: 1790 in paleontology Paleontology or palaeontology (from Greek: "paleo", "ancient"; "ontos", "being"; and "logos", "knowledge") is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that published in the year 1790.

neg: SK 847 SK 847 is the abbreviated designation for the fossilized fragments of a "Homo habilis" cranium, discovered in South Africa, which was dated to an age between 1,8 and 1,5 million years. This fossil shares morphological traits with the early African "Homo erectus", sometimes known as "Homo ergaster".


query: When was the last episode of the series with a character named Val Mal Doran?

pos: Stargate SG-1 (season 10) Season ten of "Stargate SG-1", an American-Canadian television series, began airing on July 14, 2006 on Sci Fi Channel (United States). The final season of the series concluded after 20 episodes on March 13, 2007 on Sky 1, which overtook the Sci-Fi Channel in mid-season. The series was developed by Brad Wright and Jonathan Glassner. Brad Wright, Robert C. Cooper, Joseph Mallozzi, and Paul Mullie served as executive producers. Season ten regular cast members include Ben Browder, Amanda Tapping, Christopher Judge, Beau Bridges, Claudia Black, and Michael Shanks.

pos: Claudia Black Claudia Lee Black (born 11 October 1972) is an Australian actress and voice actress, known for her portrayals of Aeryn Sun in the science fiction series "Farscape" and Vala Mal Doran in the science fiction series "Stargate SG-1", as well as Sharon "Shazza" Montgomery in the film "Pitch Black". She has also had several prominent roles in video games, such as Chloe Frazer in the "Uncharted" series, the witch Morrigan in "" and "", Daro'Xen in "Mass Effect 2" and "Mass Effect 3", and squadmate Samantha Byrne in "Gears of War 3". She also starred as Doctor Sabine Lommers in the miniseries "Containment".

neg: Live Together, Die Alone "Live Together, Die Alone" is the second season finale of the ABC television series "Lost", consisting of the 23rd and 24th episodes of the second season. It is also the 48th and 49th episodes overall. The episode was written by Damon Lindelof and Carlton Cuse, and directed by Jack Bender. It first aired in the United States on May 24, 2006, on the American Broadcasting Company. The episode was watched by 17.84 million people and received positive reviews.

neg: Family Affair (Grey's Anatomy) "Family Affair" is the twenty fourth episode, serving as the season finale of the twelfth season of the American medical drama television series "Grey's Anatomy", and is the 269th overall episode, which aired on ABC on May 19, 2016. The episode was written by William Harper and directed by Debbie Allen. At the time of its initial release, the episode was watched by 8.19 million viewers and was well received among the television critics. The episode marked the last appearance of longtime cast member Sara Ramirez, who played Callie Torres since the character's inception in the second season in 2006. Ramirez announced her departure from the series stating that she was “taking some welcome time off” as her character moved to New York City with her daughter.

neg: Nora Batty Nora Batty (née Renshaw) is a fictional character in the world's longest-running sitcom, "Last of the Summer Wine". Nora became a national icon, recognised by her pinny and distinctive style of hair curlers. She appeared in 245 of the 295 episodes.

neg: Starvin' Marvin in Space Starvin' Marvin in Space is episode 44 of the animated television series South Park. It originally aired on Comedy Central in the United States on November 17, 1999. Like the episode Mr. Hankey's Christmas Classics, the episode is dedicated to Mary Kay Bergman, who lent her voice to nearly all of South Park's female characters. This was the last show to use dialogue by Bergman, who committed suicide shortly after production was completed.

neg: The List (South Park) "The List" is the fourteenth episode and season finale of the eleventh season of the American animated television series "South Park", and the 167th episode of the series overall. It first aired on Comedy Central in the United States on November 14, 2007.

neg: Voltron Force Voltron Force is a pseudo-noncanon-sequel to the 1980s animated series "Voltron" that was originally scheduled for a release in autumn of 2010. Eventually, the show premiered on June 16, 2011, exclusively on the Nicktoons television network to coincide with the premiere of the second season of "". It ended on April 25, 2012 with the episode "Black". Unlike the original Voltron series, the uniforms of the lions' pilots are of the same color scheme as their respective lions and this is the second Voltron series to do so after Voltron: The Third Dimension.

neg: Rob Hawthorne (Hollyoaks) Robert "Rob" Hawthorne is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera, "Hollyoaks", played by Warren Derosa. Derosa first appeared in the role in January 1996 before the character departed, making his final appearance on 31 December 1999. The character is known for his status as a villain, with Derosa describing him as a "theatrical villain".

neg: Last Words (How I Met Your Mother) "Last Words" is the 14th episode of the sixth season of the CBS sitcom "How I Met Your Mother" and the 126th episode overall. It aired on January 17, 2011.

neg: List of Sleepy Hollow episodes "Sleepy Hollow" is an American supernatural drama television series that premiered on Fox on September 16, 2013 and ended on March 31, 2017. The series is considered a "modern-day retelling" of the 1820 short story "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" by Washington Irving with added concepts from "Rip Van Winkle", also by Irving. The series was renewed for a fourth and final season which premiered on January 6, 2017.

neg: Aqua Unit Patrol Squad 1 Aqua Unit Patrol Squad 1 (or AUPS1) is the alternative title given to the eighth season of the animated television series, "Aqua Teen Hunger Force". Season eight originally aired in the United States on Cartoon Network's late night programming block, Adult Swim. Season eight premiered with the two-part episode "Allen" on May 8, 2011 and May 15, 2011 respectively; and ended with "Last Dance for Napkin Lad" on July 24, 2011, with a total of ten episodes. The show is about the surreal adventures and antics of three anthropomorphic fast food items: Master Shake, Frylock, and Meatwad, who live together as roommates and frequently interact with their human next-door neighbor, Carl Brutananadilewski in a suburban neighborhood in Seattle, Washington, which is completely identical to their former New Jersey home seen in past seasons.

neg: Viv Hope Vivienne "Viv" Hope (also Windsor and Dawson) is a fictional character from the British ITV soap opera "Emmerdale". Portrayed by Deena Payne, the character first appeared on 10 August 1993, and remained until 13 January 2011, becoming one of the longest serving characters, after nearly 18 years in the show. Viv currently serves as the seventeenth longest running character in the history of the show.

neg: Handy Manny Handy Manny is a CGI animated children's television program. It first aired on September 16, 2006 as originally part of Disney Channel's Playhouse Disney daily block intended for preschoolers. The show's final episode aired on February 14, 2013 and reruns aired until 2016. On February 14, 2011, it was moved to the Disney Junior block, serving as Playhouse Disney's replacement. The show's title character is voiced by Wilmer Valderrama. Children aged 4–9 were usually the show's audience.

neg: The Last Traction Hero "The Last Traction Hero" is the ninth episode of the twenty-eighth season of the animated television series "The Simpsons", and the 605th episode of the series overall. It aired in the United States on Fox on December 4, 2016.

neg: The Forgotten (TV series) The Forgotten is an American crime drama television series which premiered on September 22, 2009 on ABC. On November 9, 2009, ABC ordered five additional episodes of the series, bringing the first season's total to eighteen episodes. The final two episodes of "The Forgotten" aired on July 3, 2010.

neg: Winx Club (season 3) Season 3 of "Winx Club" an Italian animated series, premiered on Rai 2 on 29 January 2007 and concluded on 28 March 2007, airing 26 episodes. The season focuses on the girls adventures in their third and final year at Alfea School of Fairies, where they strive to earn an enhancement to their powers called Enchantix. The Trix escape from their prison in the Omega Dimension and bring back a new villain named Valtor, who has a special connection with Bloom.

neg: Gilmore Guys Gilmore Guys is an audio podcast that follows Kevin T. Porter and Demi Adejuyigbe as they watch every episode of the television series "Gilmore Girls". The show represents two points of view, as Porter is a longtime "Gilmore Girls" fan and Adejuyigbe is watching it for the first time. They started the podcast in October 2014, the same day that "Gilmore Girls" became available on Netflix, and released their final episode in June 2017.

neg: Last Temptation (House) "Last Temptation" is the nineteenth episode of the seventh season of the American medical drama "House". It aired on April 18, 2011. It is also the last episode to feature Amber Tamblyn as Martha Masters.

neg: Frasier (season 11) The eleventh and final season of the American sitcom television series "Frasier" originally aired from September 23, 2003 to May 13, 2004 on NBC.

neg: Arthur (season 15) The 15th season of the television series "Arthur" was originally broadcast on PBS in the United States from October 10, 2011 to June 25, 2012 and contains 10 episodes, all of which are from the season 14 production, which have previously aired in other countries. This is the last season in which Dallas Jokic, Robert Naylor, Lyle O'Donohoe, Dakota Goyo, and Alexina Cowan voice Arthur, D.W., the Brain, Timmy and Catherine, respectively. This is also the final season to be produced by Cookie Jar Entertainment and to be animated with traditional animation. In the next season, 9 Story Media Group produces this series and the show switches to Flash animation, and would also be the first season in the US to air in the 1080i widescreen format where it was previously only done in foreign markets.

neg: Five Characters in Search of an Exit "Five Characters in Search of an Exit" is episode 79 of the television anthology series "The Twilight Zone". It originally aired on December 22, 1961.


query: Shaun Pye has a role on the sitcom created by which English comedian and musician?

pos: Shaun Pye Shaun Pye is an English actor, comedian, writer, critic, television producer, editor and journalist, known for co-creating the animated sketch comedy "Monkey Dust" with Harry Thompson, and for his role as Greg Lindley-Jones on Ricky Gervais's sitcom "Extras".

pos: Ricky Gervais Ricky Dene Gervais ( ; born 25 June 1961) is an English comedian, actor, writer, producer, director, singer, and musician.

neg: Patrick Marber Patrick Albert Crispin Marber (born 19 September 1964) is an English comedian, playwright, director, puppeteer, actor, and screenwriter.

neg: Nick Helm Nicholas Tristan Phillip Helm (born 1 October 1980) is an English comedian, actor and rock musician known for his comedic confrontational delivery. His routines have been described as "brash and bullish". Many of his performances begin with him acting calmly and see him gradually getting more and more enraged about what he is talking about. He came to prominence following the success of his 2010 Edinburgh Fringe show "Keep Hold of the Gold". In 2014, Helm made his main acting debut as lead character Andy in the BBC Three sitcom "Uncle".

neg: Pompidou (TV series) Pompidou is an experimental British television comedy series for BBC Two created and written by comedian Matt Lucas, Julian Dutton and Ashley Blaker. It began airing on 1 March 2015 on BBC Two.

neg: Reece Shearsmith Reeson Wayne "Reece" Shearsmith (born 27 August 1969) is an English actor, writer and comedian. He created, wrote and starred in sketch show "The League of Gentlemen", along with Steve Pemberton, Mark Gatiss, and Jeremy Dyson. He and Pemberton also created, wrote and starred in another dark comedy series "Psychoville". He and Pemberton currently write and star in their anthology series "Inside No. 9". In "The League of Gentlemen", "Psychoville" and "Inside No. 9", Shearsmith plays multiple characters.

neg: Life's Too Short Life's Too Short is a British sitcom mockumentary created and written by Ricky Gervais and Stephen Merchant, from an idea by Warwick Davis, about "the life of a showbiz dwarf". Davis plays a fictionalised version of himself, and both Gervais and Merchant appear in supporting roles as themselves. The show began airing on BBC Two on 10 November 2011. Premium cable channel HBO, which co-produced the series with the BBC, have the US rights and began airing the series on 19 February 2012.

neg: Ade Edmondson Adrian Charles "Ade" Edmondson (born 24 January 1957) is an English comedian, actor, writer, musician, television presenter and director. He came to prominence in the early 1980s and was part of the alternative comedy boom. He is probably best known for his comedic roles in the television series "The Young Ones" (1982–84) and "Bottom" (1991–95), which he wrote together with his long-time collaborative partner Rik Mayall. Edmondson also appeared in "The Comic Strip Presents..." series of films throughout the 1980s and 1990s. For one episode of this he created the spoof heavy metal band Bad News, and for another he played his nihilistic alter-ego Eddie Monsoon, an offensive South African television star.

neg: Gary Delaney Gary Justin Delaney (born 16 April 1973, in Solihull) is an English writer and stand-up comedian.

neg: Andrew McGibbon Andrew McGibbon (a.k.a. Andrew Paresi; born 1961 in Chiswick), is an English comedian, actor, writer, musician and composer. He has also produced and directed extensively, chiefly for radio.

neg: Edwin Apps Edwin Apps (born in 14 May 1931) is an English television actor and writer. He appeared in many British and French television series and films, which include "Whack-O!", "I Thank a Fool", "Danger Man", "The Avengers", "Steptoe and Son", "My Wife Next Door", "Special Branch", "Katts and Dog", "", "Vatel", "Joséphine, ange gardien", "15 ans et demi" and others. He created and co-wrote sitcom "All Gas and Gaiters" (1966–71) with his wife, Pauline Devaney.

neg: Quacks (TV series) Quacks, created by James Wood, is a BBC character comedy sitcom about four Victorian era doctors. The series combines satire, absurdist comedy and traditional slapstick, with stories often being based on real history.

neg: Andy Lee (comedian) Andrew Thomas "Andy" Lee (born 24 May 1981) is an Australian comedian and musician. He is known for working alongside Hamish Blake as part of the comedy duo Hamish & Andy.

neg: 2point4 Children 2point4 Children is a BBC television sitcom that was created and written by Andrew Marshall. It follows the lives of the Porters, a seemingly average family whose world is frequently turned upside-down by bad luck and bizarre occurrences.

neg: Julian Barratt Julian Barratt Pettifer (born 4 May 1968), known professionally as Julian Barratt, is an English comedian, actor, musician, music producer and member of surreal comedy troupe The Mighty Boosh. He played Howard Moon in their sitcom "The Mighty Boosh".

neg: The Great Outdoors (UK TV series) The Great Outdoors is a British television sitcom.

neg: The Inbetweeners The Inbetweeners is a British coming of age sitcom television series originally aired on E4 from 2008–2010, created and written by Damon Beesley and Iain Morris. The series followed the misadventures of suburban teenager Will (Simon Bird) and his friends Simon (Joe Thomas), Neil (Blake Harrison), and Jay (James Buckley) at the fictional Rudge Park Comprehensive. The episodes involved situations of school life, uncaring school staff, friendship, male bonding, and largely failed sexual encounters.

neg: Ian Smith (comedian) Ian Smith (born 13 September 1988) is an English stand-up comedian and actor, best known for his role on the BBC's The Ark and co-presenter on Dave's "The Magic Sponge".

neg: Keith Lemon Keith Ian Lemon is a fictional character portrayed by English comedian Leigh Francis.

neg: Michael McIntyre Michael Hazen James McIntyre (born 21 February 1976) is an English comedian, actor and presenter. In 2012, he was reported to be the highest-grossing comedian in the world.

neg: Filthy Rich & Catflap Filthy Rich & Catflap is a BBC sitcom produced in 1986 and broadcast in 1987. The series featured former "The Young Ones" co-stars Nigel Planer, Rik Mayall, and Adrian Edmondson as its three title characters. It was written by Ben Elton (with additional material credited to Mayall), and produced and directed by Paul Jackson (who also directed "The Young Ones"), with film sequences directed by Ed Bye. The show's music was written by Peter Brewis. One series consisting of six half-hour episodes was produced.

neg: Justin Lee Collins: Good Times Justin Lee Collins: Good Times is British comedy chat show hosted by comedian Justin Lee Collins which aired on Channel 5 in the United Kingdom. The format is a weekly chat show that consists of a mixture of celebrity guests, comic stunts and musical performances.


query: Are both Variety and The Advocate LGBT-interest magazines?

pos: Variety (magazine) Variety is a weekly American entertainment trade magazine and website owned by Penske Media Corporation. It was founded by Sime Silverman in New York in 1905 as a weekly; in 1933 it added Daily Variety, based in Los Angeles, to cover the motion-picture industry; in 1998 it brought out Daily Variety Gotham, based in New York. Variety.com features breaking entertainment news, reviews, box office results, cover stories, videos, photo galleries and more, plus a credits database, production charts and calendar, with archive content dating back to 1905. The last daily printed edition was put out on March 19, 2013. "Variety" originally reported on theater and vaudeville.

pos: The Advocate The Advocate is an American LGBT-interest magazine, printed bi-monthly and available by subscription. "The Advocate" brand also includes a website. Both magazine and website have an editorial focus on news, politics, opinion, and arts and entertainment of interest to lesbians, gay men, bisexuals and transgender (LGBT) people. The magazine, established in 1967, is the oldest and largest LGBT publication in the United States and the only surviving one of its kind that was founded before the 1969 Stonewall Riots in New York City, an incident that is generally credited as the beginning of the LGBT rights movement.

neg: Equality North Carolina Equality North Carolina (or Equality NC, or ENC) is the largest lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender rights advocacy group and political lobbying organization in North Carolina and is the oldest statewide LGBT equality organization in the United States.

neg: David B. Goodstein David B. Goodstein (June 6, 1932 – June 22, 1985) was the publisher of "The Advocate" and an influential spokesperson on behalf of LGBT people and causes.

neg: LGBT social movements Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) social movements are social movements that advocate for the equalized acceptance of LGBT+ people in society. In these movements, LGBT people and their allies have a long history of campaigning for what is now generally called "LGBT rights", sometimes also called "gay rights" or "gay and lesbian rights". Although there is not a primary or an overarching central organization that represents all LGBT+ people and their interests, numerous LGBT rights organizations are active worldwide. The earliest organizations to support LGBT+ rights were formed in the 19th century.

neg: Variety Obituaries Variety Obituaries is a 15-volume series with facsimile reprints of the full text of every obituary published by the entertainment trade magazine "Variety" from 1905 to 1994. The first eleven volumes were published in 1988 by Garland Publishing, which subsequently became part of Routledge.

neg: Association of LGBTQ Psychiatrists The Association of LGBTQ Psychiatrists, originally the Association of Gay and Lesbian Psychiatrists (AGLP), is an organization that educates and advocates on lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) mental health issues.

neg: Radio with a Twist Radio with a Twist is the first and only nationally syndicated gay-friendly radio show on the FM dial. Debuting in January 2006, Twist was billed as a show specifically aimed at the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) audience and promised to be "radio with a twist." Airing on 16 Pop and Adult Contemporary radio stations nationwide, the hosts also make it a point to include the "straight" listener every week.

neg: Say (magazine) Say is a lifestyle magazine published by and for Indigenous people in North America. The magazine was started in 2002. Non-political and focusing on positive people, organizations and communities, It is published eight times a year.

neg: QX (British magazine) QX Magazine (stylized as qx) also known as QX International is a free gay weekly magazine distributed at most gay bars, gay clubs and other gay venues across London and the UK. The magazine is based in London. As a free magazine, it has a high proportion of advertising space for revenue. The magazine includes news articles, club and bar reviews and back pages that are dominated by adverts for male escorts.

neg: Gay pride Gay pride or LGBT pride is the positive stance against discrimination and violence toward lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people to promote their self-affirmation, dignity, equality rights, increase their visibility as a social group, build community, and celebrate sexual diversity and gender variance. Pride, as opposed to shame and social stigma, is the predominant outlook that bolsters most LGBT rights movements throughout the world. Pride has lent its name to LGBT-themed organizations, institutes, foundations, book titles, periodicals and even a cable TV station and the Pride Library.

neg: LGBT billionaires According to American LGBT-interest magazine "The Advocate", Italian fashion designer Giorgio Armani with a net worth of $8.1 billion is currently the world's richest person who is openly part of the LGBT community.

neg: Windy City Times Windy City Times is the oldest LGBT newspaper in Chicago.

neg: Maki Muraki Maki Muraki 村木真紀 (b. 1974) is a Japanese LGBT activist. She is the head of the Osaka-based Japanese LGBT rights organization, Nijiiro ("Rainbow") Diversity. Through lectures and media appearances, she is an advocate for gay-friendly policies in office environments in Japanese companies and society.

neg: Outlook Media Outlook Ohio is a Columbus, Ohio-based lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT) lifestyle and advocacy company for the Ohio queer and allied community. "Outlook Columbus". Outlook Media also publishes "High Street Neighborhoods", manages Columbus' LGBT and allied business networking group, Network Columbus, and has partnered with the Ohio Historical Society to form the Gay Ohio History Initiative. In 2015, Outlook Media began to publish The Love Big LGBT Wedding Expo Guide, and began holding Love Big LGBT Wedding Expos throughout Ohio.

neg: Out Front (newspaper) Out Front is a lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender magazine and daily online publication in the Denver metropolitan area. "Out Front" was founded by Phil Price with its first issue hitting the stands on April 2, 1976. "Out Front" is now the second oldest independent LGBT (Lesbian Gay Bisexual Transgender) publication in the United States

neg: Echelon Magazine Echelon Magazine is an online publication in America serving the LGBT business professional. Formerly the title also included a magazine with biographical profiles of corporate executives and entrepreneurs as well as features on businesses involving the GLBT community.

neg: LGBTory (Canada) LGBTory is a Canadian LGBT conservative organization. The group was formally established in 2015, as an advocacy group for LGBT supporters of the Conservative Party of Canada and provincial conservative parties; while officially open to all LGBT supporters of conservative parties across Canada, the group was founded in Toronto, Ontario by people associated with the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario.

neg: Gay Community News (Dublin) Gay Community News (GCN) is a magazine based in Dublin, Ireland. Founded in 1988, it is Ireland's longest-running lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) publication.

neg: San Francisco Pride The San Francisco Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Pride Celebration, usually known as San Francisco Pride, is a parade and festival held at the end of June each year in San Francisco, California, to celebrate the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people and their allies. The 47th annual parade in 2017 included 270 parade contingents, and is described on the official website as "the largest gathering of LGBT people and allies in the nation".

neg: Autostraddle Autostraddle is an independently owned online magazine and social network for lesbian, bisexual, and queer women (cis and trans) as well as non-binary people. The website is a "politically progressive queer feminist media source" that features content covering LGBT and feminist news, politics, opinion, culture, arts and entertainment as well as lifestyle content such as DIY crafting, sex, relationships, fashion, food and technology. Autostraddle was founded by CEO, CFO and Editor-in-Chief Marie "Riese" Bernard and Design Director Alexandra Vega in March 2009. The senior editorial team consists of Riese Bernard, Laneia Jones, Rachel Kincaid, Yvonne Marquez, and Heather Hogan. Feminist Collections has highlighted Autostraddle's successful balance between serious, political and light-hearted articles.

neg: Bisexual politics Bisexual politics are arguments surrounding individuals who identify as bisexual and their perspectives on issues involving sexuality, equality, visibility and inclusion. Some authors describe "bisexual politics" as a form of identity politics.


query: Vicky Donor is a comedy that stars which actor and singer?

pos: Vicky Donor Vicky Donor is a 2012 Indian romantic comedy directed by Shoojit Sircar and produced by actor John Abraham. It stars Ayushmann Khurrana, Yami Gautam and Annu Kapoor in the lead roles. It released on 20 April 2012 in around 750 screens across India and received positive response worldwide. "Vicky Donor" opened to critical acclaim and performed strongly at the box office. The storyline is based on sperm donation and infertility. The film won the National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment at the 60th National Film Awards. The film is remade in Telugu as "Naruda Donoruda" starring Sumanth and Pallavi Subhash.

pos: Ayushmann Khurrana Ayushmann Khurrana (born 14 September 1984) is an Indian film actor and singer. He is the recipient of two Filmfare awards. In 2012, Khurrana made his film debut in Shoojit Sircar's romantic comedy "Vicky Donor", which touched on the topic of sperm donation in India. Upon release, the film was a critical and commercial success.

neg: Kevin Earley Kevin Earley is an American stage, film, and television actor, and singer.

neg: India de Beaufort India de Beaufort (born India Beaufort Lloyd; 27 June 1987) is a British actress and singer-songwriter, married to actor Todd Grinnell.

neg: Wilson Bikram Rai Wilson Bikram Rai (Nepali: विल्सन विक्रम राई ) is a Nepalese comedian, actor, singer, dancer and producer.

neg: Dave Willetts Dave Willetts (born 24 June 1952 in Birmingham) is an English singer and actor known for having leading roles in West End musicals.

neg: Landon Pigg Landon Pigg (born August 6, 1983) is an American actor and singer-songwriter.

neg: Jo Beth Taylor Joanne Rebecca Guilfoyle (born 29 May, 1971 in Perth, Western Australia), known professionally as Jo Beth Taylor, is an Australian television presenter, actor and singer most well known for hosting three weekly programs at the same time in the 1990s on the Nine Network: "Australia's Funniest Home Video Show" (1993–1997), "Hey Hey It's Saturday" (1995–1997) and "What's Up Doc?" (1996–1997), before taking a hiatus from television for more than two years.

neg: John Singer (actor) John Harold Singer (4 December 1923 in Hastings, Sussex, England - 7 July 1987 in Tunbridge Wells, Kent, England) was an English actor.

neg: Jordan Francis Jordan Francis is a Canadian singer, songwriter, actor and dancer.

neg: Bart Peeters Bart August Maria Peeters (born 30 November 1959) is a Belgian singer, musician, television presenter and actor.

neg: Paul McDermott Paul Anthony Michael McDermott (born 13 May 1962) is an Australian comedian, actor, writer, director, singer, artist and television personality. As a comedian, he is best known both for "Good News Week" and for his role as a member of the musical comedy group the Doug Anthony All Stars, which disbanded in 1994 but reformed in 2014; he has also performed individually and as a part of GUD. He has frequently appeared at the Melbourne International Comedy Festival and taken part in its two major televised productions, the Comedy Festival Gala and the Great Debate. He has also hosted two other ABC programs and briefly featured on Triple J as a morning radio presenter between 1996 and 1997. He hosted "Good News Week" until 2012, and has since pursued his painting career, and given a series of concerts featuring self-penned songs of a more serious nature.

neg: Phil Nichol Phil Nichol is a Canadian comedian, singer-songwriter and actor.

neg: Bryn Fôn Bryn Fôn (born 27 August 1954) is a Welsh actor and singer-songwriter.

neg: Stuart Organ Stuart Organ is a British actor.

neg: Ritchie Singer Ritchie Singer is an Australian actor.

neg: Tracy Harvey Tracy Harvey is a comedian, TV presenter, actor and writer from Melbourne, Australia.

neg: Frank Zander Frank Kurt Zander (born 4 February 1942, Berlin) is a German singer and actor.

neg: Neil Hamburger Neil Hamburger is a standup comedian character played by comedian and musician Gregg Turkington.

neg: Stephen Frost Stephen Frederick Eustace Frost (born 28 December 1955) is an English actor and comedian.

neg: Vicky McGehee Vicky McGehee is an American country music songwriter.

neg: Eddie Murphy filmography Edward Regan "Eddie" Murphy (born April 3, 1961) is an American comedian, actor, writer, singer, director, and musician.