query: The 2016 Kenyan Premier League, was the 13th season of the Kenyan Premier League, known as the SportPesa, it's a sports betting platform with operations in Kenya, Tanzania, South Africa, the Isle of Man and where?

pos: 2016 Kenyan Premier League The 2016 Kenyan Premier League (known as the SportPesa Premier League for sponsorship reasons) was the 13th season of the Kenyan Premier League since it began in 2003, and the 53rd season of top-division football in Kenya since 1963. It began on 13 February and ended on 19 November. Tusker won their eleventh league title, earning a place in the preliminary round of the 2017 CAF Champions League. Ulinzi Stars earned a place in the preliminary round of the 2017 CAF Confederation Cup as runners-up of the 2016 FKF President's Cup, which was also won by Tusker. The two teams will face each other at the 2017 Kenyan Super Cup.

pos: SportPesa SportPesa is a sports betting platform with operations in Kenya, Tanzania, South Africa, the Isle of Man and the United Kingdom, where it operates in conjunction with TGP Europe..

neg: Rugby Football Union of East Africa The Rugby Football Union of East Africa (RFUEA) is an umbrella union for the Kenya Rugby Football Union, Tanzania Rugby Football Union and Uganda Rugby Football Union. It owes its existence to the fact that, prior to independence, Kenya, Tanzania (previously Tanganyika) and Uganda were either a protectorate or mandate of the British Empire. It now has little to do with the direct administration of the modern game but it continues to exist in order (in conjunction with the Rugby Patrons Society) to promote and support the game in the three countries, to facilitate club competition between the three unions and to administer the RFUEA Ground and the East Africa rugby union team.

neg: Telecom Egypt SC Telecom Egypt Sporting Club (Arabic: نادي المصرية للإتصالات للألعاب الرياضية  ), is an Egyptian football club based in Cairo, Egypt. The club is currently playing in the Egyptian Second Division, the second-highest league in the Egyptian football league system. Telecom Egypt is the club affiliated to Telecom Egypt company, which is known in Egypt with its Arabic transliteration El Masreya lel Etesalat.

neg: Nairobi derby The Nairobi derby, also commonly known as the Mashemeji derby and the Ingo-Dala derby, is the name of the local derby between two major association football teams in Nairobi: A.F.C. Leopards and Gor Mahia. It is the oldest rivalry in Kenyan football history. Fans of both A.F.C. Leopards and Gor Mahia (often referred to by their nicknames, "Ingwe" and "K'Ogalo", respectively) recognize each other as arch-rivals. Gor Mahia has won the Kenyan Premier League a record 15 times, while A.F.C. Leopards have two less league titles to their name.

neg: Coast Cricket Association The Coast Cricket Association is the affiliate of Cricket Kenya responsible from cricket activities in the several counties formerly part of Coast Province in Kenya. It runs the Coast Cricket Association Leagues through which, together with those of the Rift Valley Cricket Association and Nairobi Province Cricket Association used to be the basis of selecting the Kenya national cricket team.

neg: Football in Seychelles The sport of football in the Seychelles is run by the Seychelles Football Federation. The association administers the national football team, as well as the Premier League.

neg: Football Kenya Limited Football Kenya Limited (abbreviated as Football Kenya Ltd., Football Kenya or FKL) was the governing body of football in Kenya. It was founded in 2008 and was recognised by FIFA in the same year, taking over control of Kenyan football from the Kenya Football Federation. FKL organised the Kenya Premier League (KPL), the Kenyan Nationwide League and the Kenya national football team. It was headed by Sam Nyamweya, who was voted in through an election that involved all Kenyan football clubs in 2011, beating six other candidates including KFF chairman Mohamed Hatimy.

neg: Cowes Sports F.C. Cowes Sports Football Club is a football club based in Cowes, Isle of Wight, England. They play in the Wessex League Premier Division . The club is affiliated to the Isle of Wight Football Association, which is a division of the Hampshire Football Association

neg: Nationwide League (Kenya Rugby Union) The Nationwide League is a domestic Kenyan rugby union competition. Full members of the Kenya Rugby Union that do not participate in the top tier Kenya Cup are entitled to participate in the league. It operates in a system of promotion and relegation with the Kenya Cup. Matches are played on Saturday afternoons, usually before fixtures in the Kenya Cup.

neg: Kenyan Women's Premier League The Kenyan Women's Premier League (also known as the FKF Girls' Premier League) is the top tier women's football league in the Kenyan football league system. It is controlled by the Football Kenya Federation.

neg: Kenyan County Champions League The Kenyan County Champions League is the fifth tier of the Kenyan football league system. It has a promotion and relegation system with the Kenyan Regional Leagues and the Kenyan Sub-County Leagues. Member clubs are amateur.

neg: Football Kenya Federation The Football Kenya Federation (abbreviated as Football Kenya or FKF) is the governing body of football in Kenya. It was founded in 2011 and was recognised by FIFA, CAF and CECAFA in 2012, replacing Football Kenya Limited. The FKF organises the Kenyan Premier League, the Kenyan Women's Premier League, FKF Division One and the Kenya national football team. It is headed by Nick Mwendwa.

neg: Aga Khan Sports Club Ground The Aga Khan Sports Club Ground is a cricket ground in Nairobi, Kenya. The ground is used by Aga Khan Sports Club cricket team. The pitch is considered to be one of the fastest in Kenya, and the venue hosted four One Day Internationals between 1996 and 1997.

neg: Kenyan Athletics Championships The Kenyan Athletics Championships is an annual track and field meeting which serves as Kenya's national championships for the sport. Athletics Kenya, the country's governing body for athletics organises the event.

neg: Prime Bank (Kenya) Prime Bank (Kenya) Limited (PBKL), commonly known as Prime Bank Kenya, but also referred to as Prime Bank (Kenya), is a commercial bank in Kenya, the largest economy in the East African Community. It is licensed by Central Bank of Kenya (CBK), the central bank and national banking regulator.

neg: SBOBET SBOBET.com is an online bookmaker. The website has operations in Asia licensed by the Philippines and operations in Europe licensed by the Isle of Man to operate as an international sports bookmaker. The company offers online gambling on all major sports, online games, racing (parimutuel betting), financial betting and poker in multiple languages.

neg: Dagoretti Santos F.C. Santos is a Kenyan professional football club, based in Nairobi, which currently competes in FKF Division One. It competed in the Kenyan National Super League in 2008.

neg: Athletics South Africa Athletics South Africa is the national governing body for the sport of athletics (including track and field, cross country, road running and racewalking) in South Africa, recognised by the IAAF, and also a member of Confederation of African Athletics. The association is based in Johannesburg.

neg: Blackpool F.C. (South Africa) Blackpool F.C. are a South African football franchise based in Gauteng. The club is owned by businessman Takalani Rabali, who previously worked for Limpopo United F.C.. Rabali purchased a franchise licence for the Gauteng stream of the Vodacom League and the club was created in 2010. Rabali felt it would be easier to promoted from the Gauteng stream of the Vodacom League than the stronger Limpopo stream.

neg: Mehlareng Stadium Mehlareng Stadium is a multi-sports venue located in Tembisa, a township situated in the Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality, roughly 30km NorthEast from the Central Business District of Johannesburg. The stadium is mostly used to host football matches, and is currently the home venue of M Tigers FC in Vodacom League. This venue is also home to Dj Shimza's Show Your Legs and One Man Show which happen in September and December respectively.

neg: Rugby union in Zimbabwe Rugby union in Zimbabwe is a significant sport. Like the country's history, it has been riven with controversy, but equally the world has seen Zimbabwe at the Rugby World Cup on two occasions. As with rugby union in Namibia, the country's lack of infrastructure, and largely rural population has been a problem for national organisers.


query: Did Wilbur Smith and Max Beerbohm both write novels?

pos: Wilbur Smith Wilbur Addison Smith (born 9 January 1933) is a South African novelist specialising in historical fiction about the international involvement in Southern Africa across four centuries, seen from the viewpoints of both black and white families.

pos: Max Beerbohm Sir Henry Maximilian "Max" Beerbohm (24 August 1872 – 20 May 1956) was an English essayist, parodist, and caricaturist under the signature Max. He first became known in the 1890s as a dandy and a humorist. He was the drama critic for the "Saturday Review" from 1898 until 1910, when he relocated to Rapallo, Italy. In his later years he was popular for his occasional radio broadcasts. Among his best-known works is his only novel, "Zuleika Dobson", published in 1911. His caricatures, drawn usually in pen or pencil with muted watercolour tinting, are in many public collections.

neg: Perry Edward Smith Perry Edward Smith (October 27, 1928 – April 14, 1965) was one of two ex-convicts convicted of murdering four members of the Clutter family in Holcomb, Kansas, United States, on November 15, 1959, a crime made famous by Truman Capote in his 1966 non-fiction novel "In Cold Blood". Along with Richard Hickock, Smith took part in the burglary of the Clutter family farmhouse.

neg: Nightwing (novel) Nightwing is a 1977 thriller novel by Martin Cruz Smith, who adapted it for a 1979 film with the same title directed by Arthur Hiller.

neg: Mark L. Smith Mark L. Smith is an American screenwriter.

neg: Sid Smith (writer) Sid Smith (born c. 1949) is an award-winning English novelist poet and journalist.

neg: Sturm (novella) Sturm is a 1923 World War I novella by the German writer Ernst Jünger. It has a frame story set in the days before the Somme Offensive on the Western Front, where a group of German officers meet to discuss the war and listen to the literary sketches read by one of their members, Lieutenant Sturm.

neg: Charles Edward Smith Dr. Charles Edward Smith (January 22, 1835 – September 9, 1929) was an American author and Baptist ecclesiologist and apologist. He was the pastor of Fredonia, New York's Baptist Church from 1885 to 1900. Many of his sermons, works, and manuscripts were published posthumously.

neg: N. John Hall N. John Hall (born 1933) is an American biographer and scholar best known for his books on Anthony Trollope and Max Beerbohm. In addition, Hall has published many articles, editions, introductions, and book chapters on both Trollope and Beerbohm. In his later career, Hall has written a memoir and two novels.

neg: David C. Smith (author) David C. Smith (born August 10, 1952) is an American author of fantasy, horror, and suspense fiction, medical editor, and essayist. He is best known for his heroic fantasy novels, including his collaborations with Richard L. Tierney featuring characters created by Robert E. Howard, notably six novels featuring Red Sonja.

neg: Julius Beerbohm Julius Beerbohm (1854 – April 1906) was a Victorian travel-writer, engineer and explorer.

neg: Berta Ruck Amy Roberta (Berta) Ruck, Mrs. Oliver Onions (2 August 1878 – 11 August 1978) was a British writer of several short stories and over 90 romance novels from 1905 to 1972. She also wrote an autobiography and two memoir-style works.

neg: Erskine Caldwell Erskine Preston Caldwell (December 17, 1903 – April 11, 1987) was an American novelist and short story writer. His writings about poverty, racism and social problems in his native Southern United States in novels such as "Tobacco Road" (1932) and "God's Little Acre" (1933) won him critical acclaim, but also made him controversial among Southerners of the time who felt he was deprecating the people of the region.

neg: Mark Haskell Smith Mark Haskell Smith (born June 14, 1957) is an American writer who lives in Los Angeles. He is best known for his books, the non-fiction "Naked at Lunch: A Reluctant Nudist's Adventures in the Clothing-Optional World", published by Grove Press and "Heart of Dankness: Underground Botanists, Outlaw Farmers and the Race for the Cannabis Cup", published by Broadway Books, as well as five novels: "Moist", "Delicious", "Salty", "Baked", and "Raw: A Love Story" published by Grove Atlantic/Black Cat.

neg: Willard Manus Willard Manus (born September 28, 1930) is a Los Angeles-based novelist, playwright, and journalist. His best known book is "Mott the Hoople" (1966), the novel from which the British 1970s hard rock band derived their name.

neg: Ukiah Oregon Ukiah Oregon is the hero of an eponymous series of science fiction/adventure novels written by Wen Spencer.

neg: Louis Trimble Louis Preston Trimble (2 March 1917 – 9 March 1988) was an American writer and academic. His published work included science fiction, westerns, and mysteries, as well as academic non-fiction. He generally wrote as Louis Trimble, but used the pseudonym "Stuart Brock" for some of his work.

neg: Ernest Bornemann Ernst Wilhelm Julius Bornemann (April 12, 1915 – June 4, 1995) was a German crime writer, filmmaker, anthropologist, ethnomusicologist, jazz musician, jazz critic, psychoanalyst, sexologist, and committed socialist. All these diverse interests, he claimed, had a common root in his lifelong insatiable curiosity. From 1982 to 1986 he was president of the German Society for Social-Scientific Sexuality Research. In 1990 he was awarded the Magnus Hirschfeld Medal for sexual science.

neg: Larry Smith (editor) Larry Smith (born September 17, 1968) is an American author and editor, and publisher of "Smith Magazine". He is best known for developing the best-selling book series "Six-Word Memoirs", a literary subgenre that took on a life of its own in popular culture as publications began holding reader contests and publishing the results. The form has been described as "American haiku." Smith credits Ernest Hemingway's reputed shortest story, "”, with inspiring the viral literary movement.

neg: Vladimir Nabokov Vladimir Vladimirovich Nabokov ( ; Russian: Влади́мир Влади́мирович Набо́ков , ] , also known by the pen name Vladimir Sirin; (April 22nd, 1899 — July 2nd, 1977) was a Russian-American novelist and entomologist. His first nine novels were in Russian, but he achieved international prominence after he began writing English prose.

neg: Arthur D. Howden Smith Arthur D. Howden Smith (1887–1945) was an American historian and novelist.

neg: The Ice Storm The Ice Storm is a 1994 American novel by Rick Moody. The novel was widely acclaimed by readers and critics alike, described as a funny, acerbic, and moving hymn to a dazed and confused era of American life.


query: Who was perhaps not the only king of the West Saxons at the time, whos viceroy is said to have constructed Chisbury Camp, and to have founded Abingdon Abbey?

pos: Cissa (West Saxon) Cissa was reported as the viceroy of king Centwine of Wessex (reigned c.676-686). Cissa is sometimes said to have himself been a king of Wessex, but does not feature in the king lists or genealogies. He is said to have constructed Chisbury Camp, and to have founded Abingdon Abbey.

pos: Centwine of Wessex Centwine (died after 685) was King of Wessex from c. 676 to 685 or 686, although he was perhaps not the only king of the West Saxons at the time.

neg: Mercia Mercia (Old English: "Miercna rīce" ) was one of the kingdoms of the Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy. The name is a Latinisation of the Old English "Mierce " or "Myrce ", meaning "border people" (see March).

neg: Henry of Almain Henry of Almain (Anglo-Norman French: "Henri d'Almayne") (2 November 1235 – 13 March 1271) was the son of Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall and his first wife Isabel Marshal. His surname is derived from a vowel shift in pronunciation of "d'Allemagne" (English: of Germany), so called by the elites of England because of his father's status as the elected German King of the Romans (the "King of Almayne").

neg: Ralph the Timid Ralph the Timid, also known as Ralf of Mantes (died 1057), was Earl of Hereford between 1051 and 1055 or 1057. His mother was Godgifu, the daughter of King Æthelred the Unready and his second wife Emma. His father was Drogo of Mantes, Count of the Vexin, who died on pilgrimage to Jerusalem in 1035.

neg: Ambicatus Ambicatus (or Ambigatos in Gaulish) is mentioned in the founding legend of Mediolanum (Milan) by Livy, whose source is Timagenes, as a king of the Bituriges, "kings of the world" as their name suggests, who ruled over the Celts in central Gaul, between Hispania and Germany, in the days of Tarquinius Priscus (the sixth century BCE). Ambicatus sent his sister's sons, Bellovesus and Segovesus, with many followers drawn from numerous tribes, to found new colonies in the Hercynian forest and in northern Italy, in the early sixth century BC. Bellovesus founded Mediolanum. If Ambicatus was an authentic historical figure, rather than a construct to express the linked origins of Celtic tribes in northern Italy and beyond the Alps, most likely he was the leader of the most powerful tribe in a military alliance, from which the Celtic colonizers of Italy were apparently drawn.

neg: Æthelberht II of East Anglia Æthelberht (Old English: "Æðelbrihte"), also called Saint Ethelbert the King, (died 20 May 794 at Sutton Walls, Herefordshire) was an eighth-century saint and a king of East Anglia, the Anglo-Saxon kingdom which today includes the English counties of Norfolk and Suffolk. Little is known of his reign, which may have begun in 779, according to later sources, and very few of the coins issued during his reign have been discovered. It is known from the "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle" that he was killed on the orders of Offa of Mercia in 794.

neg: Bede Bede ( ; Old English: "Bǣda" or "Bēda" ; 672/3 – 26 May 735), also known as Saint Bede, Venerable Bede, and Bede the Venerable (Latin: "Bēda Venerābilis" ), was an English monk at the monastery of St. Peter and its companion monastery of St. Paul in the Kingdom of Northumbria of the Angles (contemporarily Monkwearmouth–Jarrow Abbey in Tyne and Wear, England). He is well known as an author and scholar, and his most famous work, "Ecclesiastical History of the English People" gained him the title "The Father of English History".

neg: Abbot of Rievaulx The Abbot of Rievaulx was the head of the Cistercian monastic community of Rievaulx Abbey, founded in 1131 by Walter l'Espec in North Yorkshire, northern England. The Abbots of Rievaulx were amongst the most powerful Christian leaders in northern England until the dissolution of the monastery by Henry VIII of England in 1538.

neg: Chiselbury Chiselbury is the site of an Iron Age univallate hillfort located in Wiltshire. The hillfort is sub-circular in plan, and encloses an area of approximately 10.5 acre . It is defined by an earthen rampart up to 3.6 m in height and an external ditch, up to a maximum of 1.6 m in depth. A gap in the southeastern side of the rampart, and a corresponding causeway across the ditch, is thought to be the original entrance and is associated with a small 'D' shaped embanked enclosure, which is apparently visible on aerial photographs. Although the enclosure has subsequently been degraded by ploughing, it is still apparent as a series of low earthworks.

neg: Ine of Wessex Ine was King of Wessex from 688 to 726. He was unable to retain the territorial gains of his predecessor, Cædwalla, who had brought much of southern England under his control and expanded West Saxon territory substantially. By the end of Ine's reign, the kingdoms of Kent, Sussex, and Essex were no longer under West Saxon domination; however, Ine maintained control of what is now Hampshire, and consolidated and extended Wessex's territory in the western peninsula.

neg: Frithuwold of Chertsey Frithuwald was a seventh-century Anglo-Saxon ruler in Surrey, and perhaps also in modern Berkshire and Buckinghamshire, who is known from two surviving charters. He was a sub-king ruling under King Wulfhere of Mercia. According to late hagiographical materials, he was a brother-in-law of Wulfhere. The monks of Saint Peter's Minster, Chertsey, revered Frithuwald, whom they considered the founder of their monastery, as a saint.

neg: Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury Saint Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury, also known as Saint Elgiva (died 944) was the first wife of Edmund I (r. 939–946), by whom she bore two future kings, Eadwig (r. 955–959) and Edgar (r. 959–975). Like her mother Wynflaed, she had a close and special if unknown connection with the royal nunnery of Shaftesbury (Dorset), founded by King Alfred, where she was buried and soon revered as a saint. According to a pre-Conquest tradition from Winchester, her feast day is 18 May.

neg: Herla Herla or Herla King (Old English: "Herla Cyning" ) is a legendary leader of the mythical Germanic Wild Hunt and the name from which the Old French term "Herlequin" may have been derived. Herla often has been identified as Woden and in the writings of the twelfth-century writer Walter Map, he is portrayed as a legendary king of the Britons who became the leader of the Wild Hunt after a visit to the Otherworld, only to return some three hundred years later, after the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain.

neg: Eorcenberht of Kent Eorcenberht of Kent (also Ærconberht, Earconberht, or Earconbert) (died 14 July 664) was king of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Kent from 640 until his death, succeeding his father Eadbald.

neg: Deruvian Deruvian (Medieval Latin: "Deruvianus" ), also known by several other names including Damian, was a possibly legendary 2nd-century bishop and saint, said to have been sent by the pope to answer King Lucius's request for baptism and conversion to Christianity. Together with his companion St Fagan, he was sometimes reckoned as the apostle of Britain. King Lucius's letter (in most accounts, to Pope Eleutherius) may represent earlier traditions but does not appear in surviving sources before the 6th century; the names of the bishops sent to him does not appear in sources older than the early 12th century, when their story was used to support the independence of the bishops of St Davids in Wales and the antiquity of the Glastonbury Abbey in England. The story became widely known following its appearance in Geoffrey of Monmouth's pseudohistorical "History of the Kings of Britain". This was influential for centuries and its account of SS Fagan and Deruvian was used during the English Reformation to support the claims of both the Catholics and Protestants. Geoffrey's account is now considered wholly implausible, but Christianity was well-established in Roman Britain by the third century. Some scholars therefore argue the stories preserve a more modest account of the conversion of a Romano-British chieftain, possibly by Roman emissaries by these names.

neg: Guiderius Guiderius (Welsh Gwydr) is a legendary British king according to Geoffrey of Monmouth's "Historia Regum Britanniae" ("History of the Kings of Britain") and related texts. He can probably be identified as deriving from the historical Togodumnus.

neg: Oswald, king of the Hwicce Oswald was a brother of Osric, King of Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Hwicce, a sub-kingdom of Mercia in England.

neg: Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent (5 August 1301 – 19 March 1330) was the sixth son of Edward I of England, and a younger half-brother of Edward II. Edward I had intended to make substantial grants of land to Edmund, but when the king died in 1307, Edward II failed to follow through on his father's intentions, much due to his favouritism towards Piers Gaveston. Edmund still remained loyal to his brother, and in 1321 he was created Earl of Kent. He played an important part in Edward's administration, acting both as diplomat and military commander, and in 1321–22 helped suppress a rebellion against the king.

neg: Ealdwulf of East Anglia Ealdwulf (or Aldwulf) was king of East Anglia from 663 to around 713. His forty-nine year reign was extraordinary in length, with only Æthelbald of Mercia and Offa of Mercia having comparable longevity. Little is known of Ealdwulf, but his long rule reflects the success of alliances formed in the decades before his ascension. During his reign, East Anglia experienced a long period of stability and growth, not least in its commercial centre at Gipeswic (now modern Ipswich).

neg: Calcot Manor Calcot Manor is a historic building in Calcot, three and a half miles west of Tetbury on A 4135 in Gloucestershire, England, near the junction of roads A46 and A4135 (National Grid Reference ST 841180 94891). The original building was established in approximately 1300 AD by Henry of Kingswood as a tithe barn annex of Kingswood Abbey. The estate was expanded to include a 16th-century manor house and other buildings. Structures added from the Late Middle Ages to the mid-17th century include a chapel, granary, stables and other buildings. The buildings are all constructed from limestone; which are locally quarried stones that are typically flat and easily stacked for drystone wall purposes.

neg: Ælfric of Eynsham Ælfric of Eynsham (Old English: "Ælfrīc" ; Latin: "Alfricus", "Elphricus" ) (  955 – c. 1010 ) was an English abbot, as well as a consummate, prolific writer in Old English of hagiography, homilies, biblical commentaries, and other genres. He is also known variously as "Ælfric the Grammarian" ("Alfricus Grammaticus"), "Ælfric of Cerne", and "Ælfric the Homilist". In the view of Peter Hunter Blair, he was "a man comparable both in the quantity of his writings and in the quality of his mind even with Bede himself." According to Claudio Leonardi, he "represented the highest pinnacle of Benedictine reform and Anglo-Saxon literature".


query: Sgt. Herbert Bellerby was killed by a member of what country’s Air Force?

pos: Herbert Bellerby Sgt. Herbert Bellerby (29 August 1888-23 September 1916) was a Royal Flying Corps pilot of World War I. He was a cavalry officer before joining the 27 Squadron in the Royal Flying Corps, flying a Martinsyde G.100 elephant plane. Bellerby is mainly known for being the second kill of Manfred von Richthofen, AKA The Red Baron, over Cambrai Road, near Bapaume. Richthofen was using an Albatros D.II.

pos: Manfred von Richthofen Manfred Albrecht Freiherr von Richthofen (2 May 1892 – 21 April 1918), also known as the "Red Baron", was a fighter pilot with the German Air Force during World War I. He is considered the ace-of-aces of the war, being officially credited with 80 air combat victories.

neg: William Spurrett Fielding-Johnson William Spurrett Fielding Johnson MC and Bar, DFC (8 February 1892 – 10 February 1953) was a British military officer who served in both World War I and World War II. Originally an Army officer, he later joined the Royal Flying Corps, and became a flying ace credited with six aerial victories, and ended the war as a captain with two awards of the Military Cross. In World War II he served in the Royal Air Force, winning the Distinguished Flying Cross and rising to the rank of squadron leader.

neg: Philip Hunter (RAF officer) Philip Hunter, DSO (11 April 1913 – 24 August 1940) was a Royal Air Force pilot, squadron commander and a Second World War flying ace, awarded the Distinguished Service Order for leading the destruction of thirty-eight enemy aircraft in only two missions over the Dunkirk evacuation beaches in May 1940. He was killed in action leading his squadron during the Battle of Britain.

neg: Geoffrey Allard Geoffrey "Sammy" Allard & Bar (12 August 1912 – 13 March 1941) was a Royal Air Force (RAF) flying ace of the Second World War. Allard scored 19 victories against enemy aircraft, as well as five shared kills, two probable kills during the war.

neg: Raymond Lallemant Colonel Raymond A. "Cheval" Lallemant, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (23 August 1919 – 30 January 2008) was a Belgian military pilot and flying ace who served in the British Royal Air Force (RAF) during World War II. He was credited with destroying six aircraft, making him one of the highest scoring Belgian aces of the conflict. Lallemant, who was nicknamed "cheval" ("horse" in French), flew Hawker Typhoons in No. 609 Squadron in a ground attack role. Promoted to Squadron Leader and commanding officer of No. 609 Squadron in late 1944, Lallemand was shot down over the Netherlands in September 1944 but survived despite his injuries. He was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC) and bar.

neg: Cyril Stanley Bamberger Cyril Stanley "Bam" Bamberger, (4 May 1919 – 3 February 2008) was a Royal Air Force pilot who fought in the Battle of Britain, the defence of Malta and the Korean War.

neg: Brian Lane (RAF officer) Brian John Edward "Sandy" Lane, DFC (18 June 1917 – 13 December 1942) was a fighter pilot and flying ace of the Royal Air Force during the Second World War, and an author.

neg: John Barker (RAF officer) Air Vice Marshal John Lindsay Barker (12 November 1910 – 7 May 2004) was a senior officer in the Royal Air Force during the Second World War and the following years. He was the second Commander of the Royal Ceylon Air Force during the early 1960s.

neg: Charles Learmonth Charles Cuthbertson Learmonth DFC & Bar (2 May 1917 – 6 January 1944) was an officer in the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) during World War II. He commanded No. 22 Squadron in combat during the New Guinea campaign, and subsequently took over No. 14 Squadron which was stationed near Perth, Western Australia. He was killed in a flying accident on 6 January 1944, and one of the RAAF's bases was later named in his honour.

neg: Fraser Barron James 'Fraser' Barron DSO & Bar, DFC, DFM (9 January 1921 – 20 May 1944), was an officer of the Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF) who was killed in flying operations during the Second World War. Barron was one of only four New Zealanders to be awarded a bar to his DSO and was considered a standout bomber pilot of the war.

neg: Victor Groom Air Marshal Sir Victor Emmanuel Groom, (4 August 1898 – 6 December 1990) was a senior officer in the British Royal Air Force and a flying ace of the First World War credited with eight aerial victories. He rose to become a consequential participant in air operations to support Operation Overlord, the invasion of France during the Second World War.

neg: Wilfred McClaughry Air Vice Marshal Wilfred Ashton McClaughry, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (26 November 1894 – 4 January 1943), born Wilfred Ashton McCloughry, was an Australian aviator and air commander who served in the Australian Flying Corps during the First World War and Royal Air Force in the Second World War. His senior commands included: British Forces Aden (1930s), and; No. 9 Group RAF, and Air Officer Commanding Air Officer Commanding Allied Headquarters Egypt (both during the Second World War). McClaughry was killed, while a passenger, in a flying accident in Cairo in 1943.

neg: Victor Herbert Strahm Major (later Brigadier General) Victor Herbert Strahm (26 October 1895 – 11 May 1957) began his career as a World War I flying ace credited with five aerial victories. In his 36-year career, he served as chief test pilot for the United States Army Air Forces while en route to higher command.

neg: John Frost (SAAF officer) John Everitt "Jack" Frost, (16 July 1918 – missing in action 16 June 1942) was a South African fighter ace during the Second World War. He was the highest-scoring member of a South African Air Force squadron during the war, credited with the destruction of 15 Axis aircraft. South African pilots with higher numbers of kills, such as Pat Pattle and Adolph "Sailor" Malan, were members of the British Royal Air Force.

neg: Hector Gray Hector Bertram Gray (6 June 1911 – 18 December 1943) was an officer of the Royal Air Force, and a member of the British Army Aid Group, who was posthumously awarded the George Cross for "most conspicuous gallantry" in resisting torture after the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong in 1941.

neg: Hubert Patch Air Chief Marshal Sir Hubert Leonard Patch, (16 December 1904 – 18 November 1987) was a senior Royal Air Force commander.

neg: Campbell Hoy Group Captain Campbell Alexander Hoy (13 February 1893 – 9 March 1985) was a British flying ace during the First World War, credited with eleven aerial victories. He remained in the Royal Air Force post-war and served through the end of the Second World War.

neg: Arras Flying Services Memorial The Arras Flying Services Memorial Commonwealth War Graves Commission war memorial in the Faubourg d'Amiens Cemetery, Arras, France. The memorial commemorates nearly 1,000 airmen from forces of the Commonwealth who were killed on the Western Front during World War I and who have no known grave. The memorial was designed by Edwin Lutyens, sculpted by William Reid Dick and unveiled by Hugh Trenchard, 1st Viscount Trenchard, Marshal of the Royal Air Force on 31 July 1932.

neg: Guy Baring Honourable Guy Victor Baring (26 February 1873 – 15 September 1916) was a British Army officer and politician. He became a Conservative member of the British Parliament but was one of 22 Members killed in action in the First World War.

neg: Victor Beamish Group Captain Francis Victor Beamish DSO & Bar, (27 September 1903 – 28 March 1942) was a Royal Air Force fighter pilot and flying ace of the Second World War. After flying during the Battle of Britain he continued to lead fighter operations until he was killed in action in 1942.

neg: Tom Rees (Airman) Tom Rees (18 May 1895 – 17 September 1916) was a British Army officer who served in the Royal Flying Corps during the First World War. Joining the military in early 1915, Rees was raised to the rank of lieutenant before his twenty-first birthday and eventually reached captain on the day of his death. He was killed on 17 September 1916 while flying as an observer in an F.E.2b aircraft, which was shot down by Manfred von Richthofen, the German flying ace who was later known as the "Red Baron". The aircraft was the first of Richthofen's 80 credited aerial combat victories.


query: What Italian jewelry and luxury goods brand, is Oriol Elcacho best known for being the face of?

pos: Oriol Elcacho Oriol Elcacho is a Spanish male model from Barcelona. He is perhaps best known for being the face of BVLGARI's AQVA. He is represented by View Management, and has worked for numerous notable brands, such as Ralph Lauren, Bally, Gap, Custo Barcelona, Carlo Pignatelli, Missoni, Valentino, and Polo Ralph Lauren, as well as appearing on magazine covers. He is referred to as the "Spanish Adonis". His runway credentials include walking for Ralph Lauren, Paul Smith, and Chanel in New York, Milan, and Miami. Currently he ranks No. 12 on MODELS.COM's Top 25 list, ""The Money Guys"" with fellow Spanish models Jon Kortajarena (No. 7) and Andres Velencoso (No. 16).

pos: Bulgari Bulgari (stylized as BVLGARI) is an Italian jewelry and luxury goods brand that produces and markets several product lines including jewelry, watches, fragrances, accessories, and hotels.

neg: Calegaro Calegaro is an Italian silversmith and jewellery company founded in Padova, Italy in 1921.

neg: Tricouni (brand) Tricouni Brand Ltd is a British luxury fashion house, designing women’s luxury outerwear and fashion accessories. Tricouni is a privately held company, headquartered in London, England.

neg: Etro Etro is an Italian fashion house founded in 1968. The label remains a family business, with the founder's children in executive positions with the company. Etro produces a menswear and womenswear line, in addition to accessories, fragrances, and other home products. The company is best known for its paisley patterned designs, which it began producing in 1981.

neg: Scarselli Diamonds Scarselli Diamonds is a multinational B2B and B2C retailer of exotic fancy color diamonds, color diamond jewelry, and rare gemstones. The company was founded in Italy in 1957 and moved its operations to the US in 1978. Scarselli Diamonds offers high end natural fancy color diamonds, the majority of which are yellow diamonds, pink diamonds, red diamonds, blue diamonds, and some colorless diamonds, although they also sell noteworthy precious gemstones including emeralds, sapphires, and rubies.

neg: Superga (brand) Superga is an Italian brand of shoes founded in 1911. It originally made tennis shoes, including the famous model "2750 Classic" but then diversified.

neg: Breil (company) Breil is an Italian luxury company of Binda Group. Its products include watches, jewels, eyewear, fragrances, and leather accessories.

neg: Vacheron Constantin Vacheron Constantin (] ) is a luxury Swiss "manufacture" of prestige watches and a brand of the Richemont group. It employs around 1,100 people worldwide, most of whom are based in the manufacturing plants in Geneva and Vallée de Joux. It is an active member of the Federation of the Swiss Watch Industry FH.

neg: Nacho Figueras Ignacio "Nacho" Figueras (born March 4, 1977) is an Argentine polo player with a 6-goal handicap. <br> As of September 2009, he is ranked as one of the top 100 polo players in the world. Sometimes called the "David Beckham of polo", he usually plays in Argentina and in the U.S. as part of the Black Watch Polo Team. He has also been the face of Ralph Lauren's Black Label line since 2005, and was recently chosen to represent the entire line of Polo fragrances.

neg: Coin (department store) Coin ([koˈiŋ] , after the venetian for "cohen") is an Italian upmarket department store chain dedicated to the worlds of apparel, home decorations, accessories and beauty. Its headquarters are located in Venezia Mestre.

neg: Fabergé (cosmetics) Fabergé (] ) was a brand of cosmetics manufactured between 1964 and 1984 under the direction of George Barrie. In 1984, McGregor Corporation acquired Fabergé and discontinued many Fabergé products. In 2007, the trademarks, licenses and rights were transferred to Fabergé Limited, in the Cayman Islands, Mark Dunhill became CEO, and it announced an intention to make Fabergé a luxury goods brand.

neg: Seleco Sèleco is an Italian factory of consumer electronics. At the moment, the trademark rights are managed by the company Sèleco S.p.A..

neg: Fendi Fendi (] ) is an Italian luxury fashion house whose specialities include fur, ready-to-wear, leather goods, shoes, fragrances, eyewear, timepieces and accessories. Founded in 1925 in Rome, Fendi is renowned for its fur and fur accessories. Fendi is also well known for its leather goods such as "Baguette", 2jours, Peekaboo or Pequin handbags.

neg: Brunello Cucinelli (company) Brunello Cucinelli S.p.A. is an Italian fashion brand which sells menswear, women's wear and accessories in countries including Italy, Switzerland, Belgium, the United States, France, Germany, Austria, Canada, China and Japan. Its net profit rose 10.9% to €29.6 million in 2013. In 2014 it had a market cap of €1.3 billion.

neg: Tomas Maier Tomas Maier (born 1957) is a German-born designer who is Creative Director at the Italian luxury lifestyle brand Bottega Veneta, which is part of Kering.

neg: Clarins Clarins Group, trading as Clarins, is a French luxury skin care, cosmetics and perfume company, which manufactures worldwide prestige quality products, usually through high-end department store counters and selected pharmacies.

neg: Miss Sixty Miss Sixty (stylized as MISS SIXTY or MISS 60) is an Italian fashion brand, launched in 1991. With foundations in denim wear, Miss Sixty produces original cuts and casual wear styles designed specifically for females. Available worldwide, their products include jeans, tops, skirts, sweatshirts, jackets, bags, shoes, sunglasses and watches.

neg: Fausto Sarli Fausto Sarli (9 May 1927 – 9 December 2010) was an Italian fashion designer.

neg: Steve Soffa Steve Soffa is an award-winning American jewelry designer best known for his timepieces that are sold and distributed to Fortune 100 companies.

neg: Luigi Mascelli Luigi Mascelli (1804-1825) was an Italian goldsmith from Rome. He designed decorative boxes, one of which is held at the Victoria and Albert Museum in London. In 1998, one of his boxes was sold for over $7,000 at a Christie's auction. A decade later, at a 2008 auction held at Sotheby's, one of his boxes was sold for over $40,000.

neg: Floto Floto is an American brand founded in 2003 that manufactures and markets Italian leather travel bags, briefcases, handbags and accessories. Floto products have been covered in New York Magazine, Luxist, and Kempt. Bags are sold to consumers through the company's website, online retailers, and small boutique stores.


query: How many destinations are served by the airline that Indian merged into on 26 February 2011?

pos: Indian Airlines destinations Indian served the following destinations before being merged into Air India on 26 February 2011:

pos: Air India Air India is the flag carrier airline of India. It is owned by Air India Limited, a government-owned enterprise, and operates a fleet of Airbus and Boeing aircraft serving 90 domestic and international destinations. The airline has its hub at Indira Gandhi International Airport, New Delhi, alongside several focus cities across India. Air India is the largest international carrier out of India with an 18.6% market share. Over 60 international destinations are served by Air India across four continents. Additionally, the carrier is the third largest domestic airline in India in terms of passengers carried (after IndiGo and Jet Airways) with a market share of 13.5% as of July 2017. The airline became the 27th member of Star Alliance on 11 July 2014.

neg: South African Airways destinations This is a list of South African Airways destinations, as of 2016 . It does not include destinations served by South African Express. s of 2016 , South African Airways served eight destinations outside Africa. By that time, the top five international routes were Johannesburg–New York City–JFK, Johannesburg–London Heathrow, Johannesburg–Hong Kong, Johannesburg–Frankfurt and Johannesburg–Perth.

neg: Cebu Pacific destinations Cebu Pacific currently flies to 37 domestic destinations and 26 international destinations in 19 countries across Asia. It has the most extensive route network in the Philippines.

neg: Norwegian Air Shuttle destinations Norwegian Air Shuttle is a low-cost airline operating from Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Spain and the United Kingdom. As of December 2012, it operates to 87 airports in 25 countries across three continents, from its operating bases. Norwegian was founded in 1993 as a regional airline to operate routes for Braathens SAFE in Western Norway. It became a domestic, main-haul low-cost carrier from 1 September 2002, when it took into use Boeing 737-300. In 2006, Norwegian Air Shuttle established its first non-Norwegian base at Warsaw Frédéric Chopin Airport in Poland. A year later, Norwegian bought the Swedish low-cost carrier FlyNordic, which was merged into Norwegian a year later.

neg: Kan Air Kannithi Aviation Co. Ltd, operating as "Kan Air", is a regional airline with its hub in Don Mueang, Thailand. Kan Air operates charter and scheduled services in Thailand. As of September 2016 Kan Air flew nine routes. Flights from Chiang Mai are to Mae Hong Son, Pai, Nan, Khon Kaen, Ubon Ratchathani, Phitsanulok, Hua Hin, Chiang Rai, and U-Tapao.

neg: Air India Express Flight 812 Air India Express Flight 812 was a scheduled passenger service from Dubai to Mangalore, which, at around 06:30 IST on 22 May 2010, overshot the runway on landing, fell over a cliff, and caught fire, spreading wreckage across the surrounding hillside. Of the 160 passengers and six crew members on board, only eight passengers survived.

neg: Virgin Australia Airlines (NZ) Virgin Australia Airlines (NZ) Limited formerly Pacific Blue Airlines (NZ) Limited, was an airline based in New Zealand. It was established as the New Zealand subsidiary of Australian airline Virgin Blue (now Virgin Australia). It was a fully owned subsidiary of Virgin Australia Holdings Limited. It was renamed Virgin Australia Airlines (NZ) Ltd in December 2011 when its parent company decided to bring all its airlines under the one banner.

neg: Aurangabad Airport Aurangabad Airport (IATA: IXU, ICAO: VAAU) is a public airport located in Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India. It is located about 5.5 km east of the city center, and 11 km from Aurangabad Railway Station, along the Aurangabad-Nagpur State Highway. The airport is owned and operated by the Airports Authority of India, with one passenger terminal with 190,000 square-feet floor area. The airport ordinarily only has domestic destinations, however its operators seasonally run Haj services using makeshift immigration and customs counters.

neg: NAM Air NAM Air is an Indonesian airline based in Jakarta that commenced its operation on December 11, 2013. Headquartered in Central Jakarta, the airline acting as feeder of its parent company, Sriwijaya Air, using 11 737-500 Winglets with 8 Executive Class seats and 112 Economy Class seats. In September 26, 2013, its parent company Sriwijaya Air announces for purchasing up to 100 R-80 regional planes for its future operations. The airline is listed as a Category 1 airline by Indonesia's Civil Aviation Authority, the highest status that can be achieved for operational safety.

neg: Air India Express Air India Express is an Indian low-cost carrier headquartered in Kochi. It is operated by Air India Express Limited (AIEL), a wholly owned subsidiary of flag carrier airline Air India. It operates around 550 flights per week to 29 destinations including the Middle East and Southeast Asia.

neg: Jamair Jamair was a privately owned non-scheduled charter airline based in Calcutta, India.

neg: Air Pegasus Air Pegasus was an Indian regional airline headquartered in Bangalore and based at Kempegowda International Airport. The airline was a subsidiary of Decor Aviation, an aircraft ground-handling services company. It commenced operations on 12 April 2015 with its inaugural flight between Bangalore and Hubli. The airline suspended operations on 27 July 2016, facing financial difficulties. At that time, Air Pegasus was serving eight airports across South India with a hub at Kempegowda International Airport in Bangalore, using a fleet of three ATR 72-500 aircraft. Their flying licence was suspended by DGCA on 22 November 2016.

neg: Indian Airlines Flight 440 Indian Airlines Flight 440 was a flight on 31 May 1973 that crashed while on approach to Palam Airport killing 48 of the 65 passengers and crew on board.

neg: UDAN UDAN (Ude Desh ka Aam Naagrik) is a regional airport development and ""Regional Connectivity Scheme (RCS)"" of the Government of India, with the objective of "Let the common citizen of the country fly", aimed at making air travel affordable and widespread, enabling inclusive job growth and infrastructure development of all regions and states of India. It has two components, the development and operationalisation of 100 regional airports with regular scheduled flights by 2018-2019, for which initial funding of INR4500 crore for the redevelopment of 50 airports was approved in May 2017, and the new regional flight routes component, which will cap and subsidise the airfares, to connect hundreds of new subsidised commercially viable routes among more than 100 underserved and unserved airports in smaller towns with each other and with well served airports in bigger well connected cities as well.

neg: Air Nigeria destinations Air Nigeria (formerly "Nigerian Eagle Airlines" and "Virgin Nigeria Airways"), was the national flag carrier of Nigeria. The airline operates scheduled regional and domestic passenger services. Its base is Murtala Mohammed International Airport, Lagos. The airline is a replacement for defunct Nigeria Airways. Its registered office is in Ikoyi, Lagos State, while its head office is on the 9th floor of Etiebets Place in Ikeja, Lagos State. serves the following destinations (at June 2010):

neg: Kingfisher Airlines Kingfisher Airlines Limited was an airline group based in India. Through its parent company United Breweries Group, it had a 50% stake in low-cost carrier Kingfisher Red. Until December 2011, Kingfisher Airlines had the second largest share in India's domestic air travel market.

neg: Trans Australia Airlines Trans Australia Airlines or TAA (renamed Australian Airlines in 1986) was one of the two major Australian domestic airlines between its inception in 1946 and its merger with Qantas in September 1992. As a result of the "COBRA" (or Common Branding) project, the entire airline was rebranded Qantas about a year later with tickets stating in small print "Australian Airlines Limited trading as Qantas Airways Limited" until the adoption of a single Air Operator Certificate a few years later. At that point, the entire airline was officially renamed "Qantas Airways Limited" continuing the name and livery of the parent company with the only change being the change of by-line from "The Spirit of Australia" to "The Australian Airline" under the window line with the existing "Qantas" title appearing above.

neg: Panair do Brasil destinations As of May 1964, Panair do Brasil served 68 Brazilian destinations (in 70 Airports), and 24 International destinations. Some cities previously served are in "italics".

neg: Air Costa Air Costa was an Indian regional airline headquartered in Vijayawada and based out of Chennai Airport. It was owned by Indian business company LEPL Group. The airline commenced operations as a regional airline in October 2013 using two Embraer E-170 aircraft with the first flight taking off from Chennai on 16 October 2013. The airline got a permit for pan India operations in October 2016. The airline focused on connectivity between tier II and tier III cities in the country and invested as of 2015. Air Costa operated 32 daily flights to nine destinations from its focus cities Chennai and Vijayawada as of 2015. The airline had a maintenance center in Chennai. On 28 February 2017, it suspended operations until further notice.

neg: Taban Air destinations Taban Air served the following destinations (as of December 2012):

neg: Kalinga Airlines Kalinga Airlines was a private airline based in Calcutta, India. It was founded in 1947 by aviator and politician Biju Patnaik, who was also the airline's chief pilot. The airline was nationalised and merged into Indian Airlines in 1953. It restarted operations as a non-scheduled charter operator in 1957 and flew passengers and cargo until 1972.


query: What 65-room estate closed in 1946?

pos: The Louis Comfort Tiffany Foundation The Louis Comfort Tiffany Foundation was founded in 1918 by Louis Comfort Tiffany to operate his estate, Laurelton Hall, in Cold Spring Harbor, Long Island. It was designed to be a summer retreat for artists and craftspeople. In 1946 the estate closed and the foundation changed its purpose from a retreat to the bestowing of grants to artists.

pos: Laurelton Hall Laurelton Hall was the home of noted artist Louis Comfort Tiffany, located in Laurel Hollow, Long Island, New York. The 65-room mansion on 600 acres of land, designed in the Art Nouveau mode, combined Islamic motifs with connection to nature, was completed in 1905, and housed many of Tiffany's most notable works, as well as serving as a work of art in and of itself.

neg: Tredegar House Tredegar House (Welsh: "Tŷ Tredegar") is a 17th-century Charles II-era country house mansion in Coedkernew, at the western edge of the city of Newport, Wales. For over five hundred years it was home to the Morgan family, later Lords Tredegar; one of the most powerful and influential families in the area. Described as "The grandest and most exuberant country house" in Monmouthshire and one of the "outstanding houses of the Restoration period in the whole of Britain", the mansion stands in a reduced landscaped garden of 90 acre (0.14 of a square mile) forming the non-residential part of Tredegar Park. The property became a Grade I listed building on 3 March 1952 and has been under the care of the National Trust since March 2012.

neg: Potter Estate The Potter Estate is a historic estate at 65-71 Walnut Park in Newton, Massachusetts. The centerpiece of the estate is a large Second Empire mansion house which was constructed in 1867 by John Potter, Jr., a shoe and leather businessman. It has a mansard roof characteristic of the style, bracketed eaves, and a single-story wraparound porch that is a later Colonial Revival addition. The estate includes several outbuildings dating to Potter's time, including a carriage house and gardener's cottage; the estate also has period cast iron fencing.

neg: Kellenberger Estate Kellenberger Estate, also known as Miramichi, is a historic estate and national historic district located in Greensboro, Guilford County, North Carolina. The district encompasses five contributing buildings, two contributing sites, and six contributing structures built between about 1921 and 1944. The landscape, designed and planted 1921-1944, includes the contributing Stone grottos (c. 1925), Curvilinear Pool (c. 1925), Open Picnic Area (c. 1925), Lake (c. 1915), Dam (c. 1915), Covered Picnic Area (late 1920s), Boathouse (c. 1930), and Swimming Pool (c. 1930). The Kellenberger House is a Colonial Revival style dwelling built in stages between about 1921 and 1944. At its core is a mid-19th century V-notched log house. Associated with the house are the contributing Log Outbuilding (c. 1925), Bungalow style Tenant House (c. 1930), and Chicken House (c. 1925).

neg: Orlando (Andover, Massachusetts) Orlando is the historic estate of William Wood, Jr. in Andover, Massachusetts. Wood's father, William Madison Wood, was owner of the American Woolen Company, whose home was the Arden estate next door to where Orlando was built c. 1915. Orlando is a distinctive Spanish Mission style mansion of 2.5 stories, with a green tile roof. It may have been a wedding present, for it was built around the time of Wood, Jr.'s marriage. Located at 260 N. Main Street, it now houses the private Lanam Club.

neg: Gunby Hall Gunby Hall is a country house in Gunby, near Spilsby, in Lincolnshire, England, reached by a half mile long private drive. The Estate comprises the 42-room Gunby Hall, listed Grade I, a clocktower, listed Grade II* and a carriage house and stable block which are listed Grade II. It was given to the National Trust in 1944 by the trustees of the Gunby Hall Estate: Lady Montgomery-Massingberd, Major Norman Leith-Hay-Clarke and Field Marshal Sir Archibald Montgomery-Massingberd, together with its contents and approximately 1,500 acres of land.

neg: Bedford Estate The Bedford Estate is an estate in central London, owned by the Russell family who possess the peerage of Duke of Bedford. The estate was originally based in Covent Garden, then stretched to include Bloomsbury in 1669. The Covent Garden property was sold for £2 million in 1913, by Herbrand Russell, 11th Duke of Bedford to the MP and land speculator Harry Mallaby-Deeley, who sold his option to the Beecham family for £250,000; the sale being finalised in 1918.

neg: Estate village An estate village is a village wholly within and part of a private estate. Usually several hundred years old, they are often well preserved by the family that owns the estate. They often have small commercial operations such as pubs, craft shops, and village stores, as well as rented residential housing. The individual properties are maintained and managed by the estate manager and rented individually to residential and commercial tenants.

neg: The Elms, Derbyshire The Elms is a housing estate built by the town council in the 1950s to provide social housing on the south-western edge of Ripley, Derbyshire, England. It took its name from The Elms farm whose land it was built on. The house, called The Elms, was converted into flats and the farm yard and outbuildings were used as a depot by the council until demolition around the 1970s when sheltered housing was built on the site. The houses on the estate are traditionally built red brick, mainly three and four bedroom with the occasional five bedroom.

neg: Hotel Norton Hotel Norton is a historic hotel building located at Norton, Virginia. It was built in 1921, and is a six-story Colonial Revival style building consisting of a cut sandstone base; brick middle a deep stone and wood entablature. The interior features a two-story lobby with a decorative mezzanine level balcony. The hotel was abandoned in the 1970s and 1980s and subsequently acquired by the City of Norton for redevelopment.

neg: Little Estate The Little Estate is a home located at 1 Littleridge Ln. in Cherry Hills Village, Colorado. It was built in 1941 in a Tudor revival structure.

neg: Herbert Trustram Eve Sir Herbert Trustram Eve KBE (1865–1936) was a noted British expert in real property.

neg: Pavenham Manor Pavenham Manor was a country house in Pavenham, Bedfordshire, England. The house was demolished in 1960.

neg: Biltmore Area The Biltmore is an upscale residential neighborhood & financial district in central North East Phoenix, Arizona. It is the city's most acclaimed neighborhood, largely due to its location, near the Arizona Biltmore Hotel. The local landmark was opened on 23 February 1929. The Resort is surrounded by two 18 hole championship golf courses built in 1928 and 1977 along with some of the most exclusive homes in the Valley of the Sun. The greater area is known as a financial district surrounded by upscale shopping, dining, and for its quality of life. The financial district is clustered with business and residential mid-rise tower buildings and gated neighborhoods along a line known as the "Camelback Corridor" which extends from Central Avenue, East on Camelback Road into Scottsdale.

neg: Spadina House Spadina Museum: Historic House & Gardens, sometimes called Spadina House ( ), is a historic manor on Spadina Road in Toronto, Ontario, Canada that is now a museum operated by the City of Toronto's Economic Development & Culture division. The museum preserves the house much as it existed and developed historically. The art, decor and architecture of the house used to reflect the contemporary styles of the 1860s through the 1930s, including Victorian, Edwardian, Arts and Crafts, Art Deco, Art Nouveau and Colonial Revival styles. The museum closed for a year for extensive interior and exterior renovations. When it re-opened to the public on October 24, 2010, it was decorated in the style of the inter-war era of the 1920s and 1930s. The estate's gardens reflect the landscape during the Austin family's occupation of the house.

neg: The Dorchester The Dorchester is a five-star luxury hotel on Park Lane and Deanery Street, London, to the east of Hyde Park. It is one of the world's most prestigious and expensive hotels. The Dorchester opened on 18 April 1931, and still retains its 1930s furnishings and ambiance despite being modernised.

neg: Manor House Museum Manor House Museum, Ilkley, England, was a local heritage museum, art gallery and education centre, established in 1892 to preserve local archaeological artefacts after the spa town expanded and much Roman material was lost. It was re-opened in the present building in 1961 and closed in 2015.

neg: The Falmouth Hotel The Falmouth Hotel is a hotel on the seafront in the northeastern part of Gyllyngvase in Falmouth, Cornwall. The oldest hotel in Falmouth, it opened on 9 May 1865 to provide to tourists due to the new railway station being linked nearby. It is located next to the Royal Duchy Hotel. The foundation stone was laid on 6 August 1863, by Robert Tweedy and it cost about £9000. Additions were added in 1880, 1898 and 1972. The hotel has 71 rooms and is set in 5 acre of landscaped gardens.

neg: Hylton Castle Hylton Castle ( ) is a ruined stone castle in the North Hylton area of Sunderland, Tyne and Wear, England. Originally built from wood by the Hilton (later Hylton) family shortly after the Norman Conquest in 1066, it was later rebuilt in stone in the late 14th to early 15th century. The castle underwent major changes to its interior and exterior in the 18th century and it remained the principal seat of the Hylton family until the death of the last "baron" in 1746. It was then Gothicised but neglected until 1812, when it was revitalised by a new owner. Standing empty again until the 1840s, it was briefly used as a school until it was purchased again in 1862. The site passed to a local coal company in the early 20th century and was taken over by the state in 1950.

neg: Excalibur Estate The Excalibur Estate is a post-war 1940s prefabricated housing estate in Catford, South London. The estate contains the last sizeable collection of post-war prefabricated houses in the United Kingdom.

neg: Clarence H. Cooke House The Clarence H. Cooke House, later known as the Marks Estate, at 3860 Old Pali Road, Honolulu, Hawaiʻ i, was built for Clarence Hyde Cooke, the second son of Charles Montague Cooke and Anna Rice Cooke, heirs of the Castle & Cooke fortune. It was designed by the architect Hardie Phillip, built in 1929-32, and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986 as a fine example of the upper-class, Hawaiian-style, great mansion of the late 1920s and early 1930s.


query: What was the name of the Jacobite pretender to the thrones of England, Scotland, France and Ireland who left a small force of men in Carlisle?

pos: Siege of Carlisle (December 1745) The Siege of Carlisle took place during the Jacobite rising of 1745–46 after Charles Edward Stuart (Bonnie Prince Charlie) was forced to retreat north back into Scotland. As the retreat was totally against his will, he left a small force of 400 men to garrison Carlisle mainly consisting of members of the English Jacobite regiment called the Manchester Regiment, so that Charles could say that he at least held one town in England for his hoped-for return. The Jacobite garrison left to hold Carlisle surrendered to overwhelming Hanoverian forces under the Duke of Cumberland.

pos: Charles Edward Stuart Charles Edward Louis John Casimir Sylvester Severino Maria Stuart (31 December 1720 – 31 January 1788), commonly known in Britain during his lifetime as The Young Pretender and The Young Chevalier, and often known in retrospective accounts as Bonnie Prince Charlie, was the second Jacobite pretender to the thrones of England, Scotland, France and Ireland (as Charles III) from the death of his father in 1766. This claim was based on his status as the eldest son of James Francis Edward Stuart, himself the son of James VII and II. Charles is perhaps best known as the instigator of the unsuccessful Jacobite uprising of 1745, in which he led an insurrection to restore his family to the throne of Great Britain. The uprising ended in defeat at the Battle of Culloden, effectively terminating the Jacobite cause. Jacobites supported the Stuart claim because they hoped for religious toleration for Roman Catholics and because they believed in the divine right of kings. Charles's flight from Scotland after the uprising has rendered him a romantic figure of heroic failure in some later representations. In 1759 he was involved in a French plan to invade Britain, which was abandoned after British naval victories.

neg: John of Eltham, Earl of Cornwall John of Eltham, 1st Earl of Cornwall (15 August 1316 – 13 September 1336) was the second son of king Edward II of England and his queen Isabella of France. He was heir to the English throne from the date of the abdication of his father (25 January 1327) to the birth of his nephew Edward, the Black Prince (15 June 1330).

neg: William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Devonshire William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Devonshire (25 January 1640 – 18 August 1707) was an English soldier, nobleman, and Whig politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1661 to 1684 when he inherited his father's peerage as Earl of Devonshire. He was part of the "Immortal Seven" group that invited William III, Prince of Orange to depose James II of England as monarch during the Glorious Revolution, and was rewarded with the elevation to Duke of Devonshire in 1694.

neg: Prince George of Denmark Prince George of Denmark and Norway, Duke of Cumberland (Danish: "Jørgen" ; 2 April 165328 October 1708), was the husband of Queen Anne, who reigned over Great Britain from 1702.

neg: Raids on Lochaber and Shiramore The Raids on Lochaber and Shiramore took place in the Scottish Highlands between 22 May and 31 August 1746 and were part of the closing operations of the British-Hanoverian Government to bring to an end the Jacobite rising of 1745. Sometimes referred to as the "mopping up" operations many rebels surrendered themselves and their arms, while others were captured and punished. It also included the hunt for the Jacobite leader "Bonnie Prince" Charles Edward Stuart otherwise known as the "Young Pretender". Most of the work was done on behalf of the Government by the Independent Highland Companies of militia and also the Campbell of Argyll Militia.

neg: Dillon's Regiment Dillon's Regiment (French: "régiment de Dillon") was first raised in Ireland in 1688 by Theobald, 7th Viscount Dillon, for the Jacobite side in the Williamite War. He was then killed at the Battle of Aughrim in 1691.

neg: James VI and I James VI and I (James Charles Stuart; 19 June 1566 – 27 March 1625) was King of Scotland as James VI from 24 July 1567 and King of England and Ireland as James I from the union of the Scottish and English crowns on 24 March 1603 until his death. The kingdoms of Scotland and England were individual sovereign states, with their own parliaments, judiciary, and laws, though both were ruled by James in personal union.

neg: Sophia of Hanover Sophia of the Palatinate (commonly referred to as Sophia of Hanover; 14 October 1630 – 8 June 1714) was the Electress of Hanover from 1692 to 1698. As a granddaughter of James VI and I, she became heir presumptive to the crowns of the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Ireland under the Act of Settlement 1701. After the Acts of Union 1707, she became heir presumptive to the unified throne of the Kingdom of Great Britain. She died less than two months before she would have become queen, and her claim to the throne passed on to her eldest son, George Louis, Elector of Hanover, who ascended as George I on 1 August 1714 (Old Style).

neg: Murdoch Stewart, Duke of Albany Murdoch Stewart, Duke of Albany (Scottish Gaelic: "Muireadhach Stiubhart" ) (1362 – 24 May 1425) was a leading Scottish nobleman, the son of Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany and the grandson of King Robert II of Scotland, who founded the Stewart dynasty. In 1389, he became Justiciar North of the Forth. In 1402, he was captured at the Battle of Homildon Hill and would spend 12 years in captivity in England. After his father died in 1420, and while the future King James I of Scotland was himself held captive in England, Stewart served as Governor of Scotland until 1424, when James was finally ransomed and returned to Scotland. However, in 1425, soon after James's coronation, Stewart was arrested, found guilty of treason, and executed, along with two of his sons. His only surviving heir was James the Fat, who escaped to Antrim, Ireland, where he died in 1429. Stewart's wife Isabella of Lennox survived the destruction of her family, and she would live to see the murder of James I and the restoration of her title and estates.

neg: Thomas Erskine, Lord Erskine Thomas Erskine, Lord Erskine (1705 – 16 March 1766) was the son of John Erskine, 6th Earl of Mar. He could not inherit the title of Earl of Mar due to the Writ of Attainder for treason passed against his father in 1716 for his role in the First Jacobite Rebellion (1715).

neg: Marquis de St Ruth Charles Chalmont Marquis of St Ruth (c. 1650 – 12 July 1691) was a French general. Early in his military career, he fought against Protestants in France. Later, he fought in Ireland on the Jacobite side in the Williamite wars, where he was killed at the Battle of Aughrim.

neg: John Stewart, Earl of Buchan John Stewart, Earl of Buchan (c. 1381 – 17 August 1424) was a Scottish nobleman and soldier who fought alongside Scotland's French allies during the Hundred Years War. In 1419 he was sent to France by his father the Duke of Albany, Regent of Scotland, with an army of 6,000 men. Stewart led the combined Franco-Scottish army at the Battle of Baugé on 21 March 1421, where he comprehensively defeated the English forces, proving that the English could at last be beaten.

neg: James Murray (Jacobite Earl of Dunbar) James Murray, Earl of Dunbar (c. 1690–1770) was a Jacobite.

neg: Roger O'Shaughnessy Sir Roger O'Shaughnessy, The O'Shaughnessy (died 11 July 1690), was Chief of the Name and a captain in the Irish army of James II of England. He was present at the Battle of the Boyne, dying ten days after at his castle in Gort. All his property was declared forfeit, and his son and heir, William O'Shaughnessy, was forced into exile. In 1697 Roger's estates were granted to Sir Thomas Prendergast, 1st Baronet, and the O'Shaughnessy family were never able to recover them.

neg: Exclusion Crisis The Exclusion Crisis ran from 1679 through 1681 in the reign of King Charles II of England, Scotland and Ireland. Three Exclusion bills sought to exclude the King's brother and heir presumptive, James, Duke of York, from the thrones of England, Scotland and Ireland because he was Roman Catholic. None became law. Two new parties formed. The Tories were opposed to this exclusion while the "Country Party", who were soon to be called the Whigs, supported it.

neg: Dudley Bradstreet Dudley Bradstreet (1711–1763) was an Irish adventurer and secret government agent. During the Jacobite rising of 1745, Bradstreet was employed by government officials to act as a spy among the rebels. His description of a "third force" of 9,000 men in Northampton ready to fight the Scots (a force which did not in fact exist) is credited with persuading Bonnie Prince Charlie's army to turn back at a council of war in Derby in 1745, effectively ending the Jacobite cause.

neg: Edward VI of England Edward VI (12 October 1537 – 6 July 1553) was King of England and Ireland from 28 January 1547 until his death. He was crowned on 20 February at the age of nine. The son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour, Edward was England's first monarch to be raised as a Protestant. During his reign, the realm was governed by a Regency Council because he never reached his majority. The Council was first led by his uncle Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset (1547–1549), and then by John Dudley, 1st Earl of Warwick, from 1551 Duke of Northumberland.

neg: James Hamilton, 3rd Earl of Arran James Hamilton, 3rd Earl of Arran (  1532 –1609) was a Scottish nobleman and soldier who opposed the French-dominated regency during the Scottish Reformation. He was the eldest son of James Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Arran, sometime Regent of Scotland. He was of royal descent, and at times was third or fourth in succession to the Scottish crown; several royal marriages were proposed for him. He went to France with Mary, Queen of Scots, and commanded the Scots Guards. After returning to Scotland, he became a leader of the Protestant party against Mary and her French supporters, but went insane in 1562 and was confined in seclusion for the rest of his life.

neg: Justin McCarthy, Viscount Mountcashel Justin MacCarthy, Viscount Mountcashel (Irish: Saorbhreathach Mac Cárthaigh; died 1 July 1694) was a Jacobite general in the Williamite War in Ireland, and a personal friend of James II.

neg: History of the Scots Guards (1642–1804) This article details the history of the Scots Guards from 1642 to 1804. The Scots Guards (SG) is a regiment of the Guards Division of the British Army. The Scots Guards trace their origins back to 1642 when, by order of King Charles I, the regiment was raised by Archibald Campbell, 1st Marquess of Argyll for service in Ireland, and was known as the Marquis of Argyll's Royal Regiment. It spent a number of years there and performed a variety of duties, but in the mid-1640s, during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, the regiment took part in the fight against James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose who was fighting on the side of Charles I. In 1646, Montrose left Scotland upon the defeat of the King in England.

neg: 1715 England riots In the spring and summer of 1715 a series of riots occurred in England, protesting against the first Hanoverian king of Britain, George I and his new Whig government. The rioters often attacked Dissenting chapels (the Dissenters were allied to the Whigs). The riots occurred on symbolic days: 28 May was George I's birthday, 29 May was the anniversary of Charles II's Restoration and 10 June was James Francis Edward Stuart's birthday.


query: Duff Cooper denounced which settlement that allowed Germany to annex parts of Czechoslovakia?

pos: Duff Cooper Alfred Duff Cooper, 1st Viscount Norwich, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (22 February 1890 – 1 January 1954), known as Duff Cooper, was a British Conservative Party politician, diplomat and author. In the intense political debates of the late 1930s over appeasement, he first put his trust in the League of Nations, and realised that war with Germany was inevitable. He denounced the Munich agreement of 1938 as meaningless, cowardly, and unworkable, as he resigned from the cabinet. When Winston Churchill became prime minister in May 1940, he named Cooper as Minister of Information. From 1941, he served in numerous minor diplomatic roles. His most important role was representative to de Gaulle's Free France (1943–44) and ambassador to France from 1944–48.

pos: Munich Agreement The Munich Agreement was a settlement permitting Nazi Germany's annexation of portions of Czechoslovakia along the country's borders mainly inhabited by German speakers, for which a new territorial designation "Sudetenland" was coined. The agreement was signed in the early hours of 30 September 1938 (but dated 29 September) after being negotiated at a conference held in Munich, Germany, among the major powers of Europe, excluding the Soviet Union. Today, it is widely regarded as a failed act of appeasement toward Germany. The purpose of the conference was to discuss the future of the Sudetenland in the face of ethnic demands made by Adolf Hitler. The agreement was signed by Germany, France, the United Kingdom and Italy. Sudetenland was of immense strategic importance to Czechoslovakia, as most of its border defenses, and banks were situated there, as well as heavy industrial districts. Part of the borderland was occupied and annexed by Poland.

neg: Martin Luther (diplomat) Martin Franz Julius Luther (] ; 16 December 1895 – 13 May 1945) was an early member of the Nazi Party. He served as an advisor to Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop, first in the "Dienststelle Ribbentrop" ("Ribbentrop Bureau"), and later in the "Auswärtiges Amt" ("Foreign Office") as a diplomat when von Ribbentrop replaced Konstantin von Neurath. He participated in the Wannsee Conference, at which the Final Solution was planned; it was the 1947 discovery of his copy of the minutes that first made the Allied powers aware that the conference had taken place and what its purpose was.

neg: Ostsiedlung Ostsiedlung (] , literally "east settling"), in English called the German eastward expansion, was the medieval eastward migration and settlement of German-speaking people from the Holy Roman Empire, especially its southern and western portions, into less-populated regions of eastern Central Europe and western Eastern Europe. The affected area roughly stretched from Slovenia in the south to Estonia in the north, and extended into Transylvania in the southeast. In part, "Ostsiedlung " followed the territorial expansion of the Empire and the Teutonic Order.

neg: Franco-Soviet Treaty of Mutual Assistance The Franco-Soviet Treaty of Mutual Assistance was a bilateral treaty between the two countries with the aim of enveloping Nazi Germany in 1935 in order to reduce the threat from central Europe. It was pursued by Louis Barthou, the French foreign minister, but he was assassinated before negotiations were finished. His successor, Pierre Laval, was skeptical of both the desirability and the value of an alliance with the Soviet Union. However, after the declaration of German rearmament in March 1935 the French government forced the reluctant foreign minister to complete the arrangements with Moscow that Barthou had begun. The pact was concluded in Paris on May 2, 1935 and ratified by the French government in February 1936. Ratifications were exchanged in Moscow on March 27, 1936, and the pact went into effect on the same day. It was registered in "League of Nations Treaty Series" on April 18, 1936.

neg: Oder–Neisse line The Oder–Neisse line (Polish: "granica na Odrze i Nysie Łużyckiej" , German: "Oder-Neiße-Grenze" ) is the international border between Germany and Poland. It was drawn at the Potsdam Conference in the aftermath of the Second World War and is primarily delineated along the Oder and Lusatian Neisse rivers in Central Europe, meeting the Baltic Sea to the north, just west of the Polish seaports of Szczecin and Świnoujście (German: "Stettin" and "Swinemünde"). All prewar German territory east of the line and within the 1937 German boundaries (23.8% of the former Weimar Republic) were placed under International Law Administrative status, with most of it being made part of newly-Communist Poland. The small remainder, consisting of the territory surrounding the German city of Königsberg (now renamed Kaliningrad, in honour of Soviet head of state Mikhail Kalinin) in northern East Prussia, was allocated to the Soviet Union (as Kaliningrad Oblast of the Russian SFSR, today the Russian Federation) after the war (pending the final World War II peace treaty for Germany). The vast majority of the native German population in these territories fled, or were killed or expelled by force. The Oder–Neisse line marked the border between the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) and Poland from 1950 to 1990. East Germany confirmed the border with Poland in 1950, while West Germany, after a period of refusal, finally accepted the border (with reservations) in 1970. In 1990 the newly reunified Germany and the Republic of Poland signed a treaty recognizing it as their border.

neg: United Nations Security Council Resolution 460 United Nations Security Council resolution 460, adopted on 21 December 1979, after taking note of the Lancaster House Agreement, the Council decided to terminate measures taken against Southern Rhodesia in resolutions 232 (1966) and 253 (1968) and any subsequent resolutions. The resolution deplored the "loss of life, waste and suffering" over the past 14 years caused by the rebellion in Southern Rhodesia.

neg: Australian settlement The Australian settlement is a term that has been used to describe a set of nation-building policies adopted in Australia at the beginning of the twentieth century. Those policies profoundly influenced the way Australia developed over the coming decades and were only dismantled towards the end of the century. They were: the 'White Australia' Policy of immigration restriction; protective tariffs on imports of manufactured goods; a system of compulsory conciliation and arbitration for industrial disputes; and early social welfare policies. The term 'settlement' refers to the way this constellation of policies emerged as a compromise between major interests in Australian society at that time, namely workers and employers.

neg: Ceaușescu's speech of 21 August 1968 Ceaușescu's speech of 21 August 1968 was a public address by Nicolae Ceaușescu, General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party and President of the State Council, strongly condemning the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia. On the night of 20–21 August 1968, five Warsaw Pact nations - the Soviet Union, Bulgaria, Hungary, East Germany, and Poland - invaded Czechoslovakia in an effort to quell the reformist ideology of Alexander Dubček, the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia.

neg: Czechoslovak border fortifications The Czechoslovak government built a system of border fortifications, as well as some fortified defensive lines inland, from 1935 to 1938 as a defensive countermeasure against the rising threat of Nazi Germany. The objective of the fortifications was to prevent the taking of key areas by an enemy (not only Germany but also Hungary and Poland) by means of a sudden attack before the mobilization of the Czechoslovak army could be completed, and to enable effective defense until allies (Britain and France, and possibly the Soviet Union) could help.

neg: Prague Manifesto The Prague Manifesto (in Russian: Пражский Манифест) is a document that was created by several members of the Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia, an anti-communist coalition of former Soviet military and citizens who aimed to overthrow Soviet leader Joseph Stalin and establish a non-communist government in Russia, in alliance with Nazi Germany during the Second World War.

neg: German–Soviet Commercial Agreement (1940) The 1940 German-Soviet Commercial Agreement (also known as Economic Agreement of February 11, 1940, Between the German Reich and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) was an economic arrangement between the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany signed on February 11, 1940 by which the Soviet Union agreed in period from February 11, 1940 to February 11, 1941, in addition to the deliveries under German–Soviet Commercial Agreement, signed on August 19, 1939

neg: United Nations Security Council Resolution 1596 United Nations Security Council resolution 1596, adopted unanimously on 18 April 2005, after recalling all previous resolutions on the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, including resolutions 1493 (2003), 1533 (2004), 1552 (2004), 1565 (2004) and 1592 (2005), the Council expanded the arms embargo to include all recipients of weapons in the country, and imposed a travel ban and asset freeze on those violating the embargo.

neg: Carlsbad Decrees The Carlsbad Decrees were a set of reactionary restrictions introduced in the states of the German Confederation by resolution of the Bundesversammlung on 20 September 1819 after a conference held in the spa town of Carlsbad, Bohemia. They banned nationalist fraternities ("Burschenschaften"), removed liberal university professors, and expanded the censorship of the press. They were aimed at quelling a growing sentiment for German unification and were passed during ongoing Hep-Hep riots which ended within a month after the resolution was passed.

neg: Anglo-Soviet Trade Agreement The Anglo-Soviet Trade Agreement was an agreement signed on 16 March 1921 to facilitate trade between Great Britain and the Russian Socialist Federal Soviet Republic. It was signed by Robert Horne, Chancellor of the Exchequer and Leonid Krasin, Commissar of Foreign Trade. Lenin's New Economic Policy downplayed socialism and emphasized business dealings with capitalist countries, in an effort to restart the sluggish Russian economy. Britain was the first country to accept Lenin's offer of a trade agreement. It ended the British blockade, and Russian ports now were open to British ships. Both sides agreed to refrain from hostile propaganda. It amounted to de facto diplomatic recognition and opened a period of extensive trade.

neg: Reichskommissariat Don-Wolga Reichskommissariat Don-Wolga, literally "Reich Commissariat Don-Volga", was a theoretical civilian occupation regime of Nazi Germany discussed during the early stages of German planning for its occupation of territories in the Soviet Union, one of several other Reichskommissariats. It is also referred to in German memoranda as simply the Dongebiet ("Don territory").

neg: Bierut Decrees Bierut Decrees is a direct translation of a German-coined political phrase "Bierut-Dekrete", used only in Germany by bodies representative of the cross-border interests of the ethnic Germans expelled from Poland in the aftermath of the Second World War. The term is referring incorrectly to a series of decrees, laws and regulations enacted by the Provisional Government of National Unity between 1945 and 1946 concerning the expulsions and the property issues arising from them.

neg: Forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union Forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union was considered by the Soviet Union to be part of German war reparations for the damage inflicted by Nazi Germany on the Soviet Union during World War II. German civilians in Eastern Europe were deported to the USSR after World War II as forced laborers. Ethnic Germans living in the USSR were deported during World War II and conscripted for forced labor. German prisoners of war were also used as a source of forced labor during and after the war by the Soviet Union and the Western Allies.

neg: Thatchergate Thatchergate was the colloquial title of a hoax perpetrated by members of the anarcho-punk band Crass during the aftermath of the 1982 Falklands War. Using excerpts from speeches by Margaret Thatcher and Ronald Reagan, a recording was spliced together which purported to be a telephone conversation between the two leaders. During the course of the tape Reagan seems to state his intention to use Europe as a battle front to show the Soviet leaders the US's resolve in a nuclear conflict, whilst Thatcher appears to imply that HMS "Sheffield" was deliberately sacrificed in order to escalate the Falklands war.

neg: Annexation of Santo Domingo The Annexation of Santo Domingo was an attempted treaty during the later Reconstruction Era, initiated by United States President Ulysses S. Grant in 1869, to annex "Santo Domingo" (as the Dominican Republic was commonly known) as a United States territory, with the promise of eventual statehood. President Grant feared some European power would take the island in violation of the Monroe Doctrine. He privately thought annexation would be a safety valve for African Americans who were suffering persecution in the US, but he did not include this in his official messages. Grant speculated that the acquisition of Santo Domingo would help bring about the end of slavery in Cuba and elsewhere. Militarily he wanted a US naval port in the Dominican Republic which would also serve as protection for a projected canal across Nicaragua.

neg: Agricultural colonies in Argentina Agricultural colonies in Argentina were a demographically and economically important part of the evolution of the country. The Argentine government, faced with large areas of fertile land that were unpopulated or settled by aboriginal tribes (unassimilated and considered undesirable for progress), encouraged European immigration, welcoming settling agreements with countries, regions and associations abroad.

neg: Europe and the Czechs Europe and the Czechs was an influential and widely read best-selling Penguin Special written by journalist Shiela Grant Duff in 1938 during the appeasement of World War II . Her prominence as a journalist was established with this publication. It was published on the day British prime minister Neville Chamberlain returned from Munich in which he pressured Czechoslovakia to cede territory to Nazi Germany, and it was distributed to every member of parliament. In her book she defended the Czech nation and criticized British policy, claiming that war could be an option if it were necessary to confront Hitler's aggression in Czechoslovakia. She argued against the policy of "peace at almost any price".


query: The 2013 psychological thriller After The Dark features which star of the series "The Killing"?

pos: After the Dark After the Dark (formerly known as The Philosophers) is a science fiction psychological thriller film written and directed by John Huddles. Huddles' third feature film, it stars Sophie Lowe, Rhys Wakefield, Bonnie Wright, James D'Arcy, Daryl Sabara, Freddie Stroma, Cinta Laura and Katie Findlay. The film premiered in competition at Neuchâtel International Fantastic Film Festival on 7 July 2013. The film also premiered at Fantasy Filmfest on 21 August 2013. The film was released on February 7, 2014 in the United States.

pos: Katie Findlay Katie Findlay (born August 28, 1990) is a Canadian actress. She is best known for her role as Rosie Larsen in the American crime drama television series "The Killing". From 2013 to 2014, Findlay portrayed Maggie Landers in The CW's teen drama "The Carrie Diaries". From 2014 to 2015, Findlay starred as Rebecca Sutter in the first season of the ABC series "How to Get Away with Murder". In 2017 she joined the cast of FXX comedy series "Man Seeking Woman" in the show's third season.

neg: Super 8 (The Killing) "Super 8" is the fifth episode of the American television drama series "The Killing", which aired on April 24, 2011 on AMC in the United States. The episode was written by Jeremy Doner and was directed by Phil Abraham. In the episode, Darren Richmond (Billy Campbell) and his team plan an anti-crime commercial; Stan Larsen (Brent Sexton) turns to Belko Royce (Brendan Sexton III) for help in finding Rosie's killer; and Sarah (Mireille Enos) and Holder (Joel Kinnaman) question Bennet Ahmed (Brandon Jay McLaren) and his wife.

neg: The Removed The Removed - later retitled AFTER EFFECT - is a 2013 psychological thriller film directed by David McElroy and starring Daniel Baldwin, Tuckie White, and singer Alja Jackson.

neg: Annie Thurman Annie Thurman (born November 14, 1996) is an American actress best known for her role as Sophie Barliss in the TNT drama "Proof". She is also known as Shelly Jessop in the 2013 science-fiction horror film "Dark Skies".

neg: Autumn Blood Autumn Blood is a 2013 English-language Austrian drama thriller film starring Sophie Lowe.

neg: The Killing Field The Killing Field is an Australian mystery-drama-thriller television film on the Seven Network. It was created by Sarah Smith and Michaeley O'Brien and directed by Samantha Lang, from a screenplay by Sarah Smith and Michaeley O'Brien. It was produced by Bill Hughes and Sarah Smith with Rebecca Gibney co-producing and Julie McGauran executive producing. A spin-off series "Winter" screened from February 2015.

neg: Kill Keith Kill Keith is a 2011 British comedy horror film starring Susannah Fielding, Simon Phillips, and Keith Chegwin.

neg: James Purefoy James Brian Mark Purefoy (born 3 June 1964) is an English actor, producer and director. He is best known for portraying Mark Antony in the HBO series "Rome", former college professor-turned-serial-killer Joe Carroll in the series "The Following" and Solomon Kane in the feature film "Solomon Kane".

neg: The Killing (novel) The Killing is the fourth novel of the CHERUB series by Robert Muchamore. The book chronicles the adventures of the CHERUB agents investigating a small-time crook who suddenly makes it big. Muchamore named the book after the film "The Killing". The novel was generally well received, but, unlike its predecessor, received no awards.

neg: Jonny Lee Miller Jonathan Lee Miller (born 15 November 1972) is an English-American film, television and theatre actor. He achieved early success for his portrayal of Simon "Sick Boy" Williamson in the dark comedy drama film "Trainspotting" (1996) and as Dade Murphy in "Hackers" (1995), before earning further critical recognition for his performances in "Afterglow" (1997), "Mansfield Park" (1999), "The Flying Scotsman" (2006), "Endgame" (2009) and "T2 Trainspotting" (2016); for "The Flying Scotsman" he received a London Film Critics' Circle nomination for Actor of the Year. He was also part of the principal cast in the films "Melinda and Melinda" (2004), "Dark Shadows" (2012) and "Byzantium" (2013). He has appeared in several theatrical productions on Broadway, most notably "After Miss Julie" and "Frankenstein", the latter of which earned him an Olivier Award for Best Actor.

neg: The Killing Fields (film) The Killing Fields is a 1984 British biographical drama film about the Khmer Rouge regime in Cambodia, which is based on the experiences of two journalists: Cambodian Dith Pran and American Sydney Schanberg. It was directed by Roland Joffé and produced by David Puttnam for his company Goldcrest Films. Sam Waterston stars as Schanberg, Haing S. Ngor as Pran, Julian Sands as Jon Swain, and John Malkovich as Al Rockoff. The adaptation for the screen was written by Bruce Robinson; the musical score was written by Mike Oldfield and orchestrated by David Bedford.

neg: Ariyon Bakare Ariyon Debo Bakare (born 1971) is an English-Nigerian actor. He has appeared in the BBC mini-series "A Respectable Trade" (1995), British soap opera "Family Affairs" from 2000 to 2001, and the BBC One daytime drama "Doctors" from 2001 to 2005. Prior to this, Bakare guested on British dramas "The Bill", "Casualty", and "Holby City". He has starred alongside Paul Bettany in Ross Kettle's film "After the Rain", and with Nia Long and Colin Firth in "The Secret Laughter of Women".

neg: Wrenn Schmidt Wrenn Schmidt (born 1983) is an American actress. She is best known for her television roles as Julia Sagorsky in the period drama series "Boardwalk Empire" (2012–2013), as KGB handler Kate in the spy drama series "The Americans" (2014), as Dr Iris Campbell on the thriller series Person of Interest (2014–2016) and as Megan Holter in the horror series "Outcast" (2016–present). Her film roles include the horror film "Preservation" (2014), the biographical drama "I Saw the Light" (2015), the war film "" (2016) and the upcoming indie film "The Good Catholic".

neg: Kacey Rohl Kacey Rohl (born August 6, 1991) is a Canadian actress best known for her roles as Sterling Fitch in the TV crime drama "The Killing", Prudence in the 2011 dark fantasy film "Red Riding Hood", Abigail Hobbs in the TV drama "Hannibal", and her role as Kerry Campbell in the TV sci-fi drama "Wayward Pines".

neg: The Killing Dance The Killing Dance is the sixth in the series of horror/mystery novels by Laurell K. Hamilton.

neg: The Killing Kind (1973 film) The Killing Kind is a 1973 American psychological horror directed by Curtis Harrington, and starring Ann Sothern and John Savage. The film is based on a screenplay by Tony Crechales, whose screenplay was revised by producer George Edwards, an associate producer on Harrington's previous film, "What's the Matter with Helen?" (1971).

neg: The Killing (film) The Killing is a 1956 film noir directed by Stanley Kubrick and produced by James B. Harris. It was written by Kubrick and Jim Thompson and based on the novel "Clean Break" by Lionel White. The drama stars Sterling Hayden, Coleen Gray, Vince Edwards and features Marie Windsor, Elisha Cook Jr., Jay C. Flippen and Timothy Carey.

neg: Liars All Liars All is a 2013 American psychological thriller film. It was directed and written by Brian Brightly, and stars Matt Lanter, Sara Paxton, Gillian Zinser, and Torrance Coombs.

neg: Kathryn Fox Kathryn Fox (born 1966) is an award-winning Australian writer, public speaker and medical practitioner. She is one of Australia's most popular authors and her crime novels in the Anya Crichton series received multiple awards, nominations and international acclaim. In 2015, she followed up with "Private Sydney", a thriller co-written with the world's best-selling author, James Patterson.

neg: Mark Twitchell Mark Andrew Twitchell (born July 4, 1979) is a Canadian convicted of first degree murder in 2011 for killing John Brian "Johnny" Altinger. His trial attracted substantial media attention because he was inspired by the Dexter Morgan character, featured in Jeff Lindsay novels and the "Dexter" television series, a serial killer who works as a forensic bloodstain pattern analyst for the fictional Miami Metro Police Department.

neg: Teresa Palmer Teresa Mary Palmer (born 26 February 1986) is an Australian actress, writer, producer and model. Palmer made her film debut in 2006, when she appeared in the suicide drama "." In 2013, she played the leading role in the zombie romantic comedy "Warm Bodies"; later on, Palmer portrayed the fictional character of Rebecca in the 2016 supernatural horror film "Lights Out". She has also appeared in films such as "December Boys", "The Sorcerer's Apprentice", "I Am Number Four", "Take Me Home Tonight", "Love and Honor", "The Ever After" (which she co-wrote and co-produced with her husband, Mark Webber), "Kill Me Three Times", the 2015 remake of "Point Break", "Triple 9", "The Choice", and the Mel Gibson-directed war film "Hacksaw Ridge".