query: Are Brown University and Ohio Northern University both private universities?

pos: Brown University Brown University is a private Ivy League research university in Providence, Rhode Island, United States. Founded in 1764 as the College in the English Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, Brown is the seventh-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and one of the nine colonial colleges chartered before the American Revolution.

pos: Ohio Northern University Ohio Northern University is a private, United Methodist Church-affiliated university located in the United States in Ada, Ohio, founded by Henry Solomon Lehr in 1871. ONU is accredited by The Higher Learning Commission and the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools. ONU is a sister university with Dankook University, a private university in Seoul, South Korea. In 2008, 2009, 2010, and 2013 "U.S. News & World Report" listed Ohio Northern as Regional Universities (Midwest), #2.

neg: Ohio State University The Ohio State University, commonly referred to as Ohio State or OSU, is a large, primarily residential, public university in Columbus, Ohio. Founded in 1870 as a land-grant university and ninth university in Ohio with the Morrill Act of 1862, the university was originally known as the Ohio Agricultural and Mechanical College (Mech). The college began with a focus on training students in various agricultural and mechanical disciplines but was developed into a comprehensive university under the direction of then Governor (later, President) Rutherford B. Hayes, and in 1878 the Ohio General Assembly passed a law changing the name to "The Ohio State University". It has since grown into the third-largest university campus in the United States. Along with its main campus in Columbus, Ohio State also operates a regional campus system with regional campuses in Lima, Mansfield, Marion, Newark, and Wooster.

neg: Oriental Institute of Technology Oriental Institute of Technology (OIT; ) is a private university in Banqiao District, New Taipei, Taiwan.

neg: WBRU WBRU is an internet radio station based in Providence, Rhode Island. The station is owned and operated by Brown Broadcasting Services, an independent non-profit organization, and is primarily staffed by students from Brown University.

neg: Merrill Brown Merrill Brown is an educator, consultant, advisor, investor and veteran media executive and journalist. In addition to writing for The Washington Post, he launched MSNBC.com and was the website’s founding Editor-in-Chief. He is former Director of the School of Communication and Media at Montclair State University. and grew up in Silver Spring, Maryland. He graduated from Washington University in St. Louis with a BA in political science in 1974.

neg: Denison University Denison University is a private, coeducational, and residential four-year liberal arts college in Granville, Ohio, about 30 mi east of Columbus. Founded in 1831, it is Ohio's second-oldest liberal arts college. Denison is a member of the Five Colleges of Ohio and the Great Lakes Colleges Association, and competes in the North Coast Athletic Conference.

neg: Antioch University Seattle Antioch University Seattle (AUS) is a private, nonprofit liberal arts university founded in 1975 and located in Seattle, Washington. It is part of the Antioch University system that includes campuses in Keene, New Hampshire; Santa Barbara, California; Los Angeles, California; and Yellow Springs, Ohio, also home to Antioch College.

neg: Stautzenberger College Stautzenberger College is a private college located in Maumee, Ohio, United States, and Brecksville, Ohio. It is part of American Higher Education Development Corporation.

neg: University of the Pacific (United States) The University of the Pacific (also referred to as Pacific or UOP) is a private university in the western United States, located in Stockton, California. It is the oldest chartered university in California, the first independent co-educational campus in California, and both the first conservatory of music and first medical school on the West Coast.

neg: Henry Solomon Lehr Henry Solomon Lehr (March 8, 1838 – January 28, 1923) was the founder of Ohio Northern University. The Lehr Building at that school was named in his honor.

neg: Ellen Brown Ellen Hodgson Brown is an American author, political candidate, attorney, public speaker, and advocate of alternative medicine and financial reform, most prominently public banking. Brown is the founder and president of the Public Banking Institute, a nonpartisan think tank devoted to the creation of publicly run banks. She is also the president of Third Millennium Press, and is the author of twelve books, including "Web of Debt" and "The Public Bank Solution", as well as over 200 published articles. She has appeared on cable and network television, radio, and internet podcasts, including a discussion on the Fox Business Network concerning student loan debt with the Cato Institute's Neil McCluskey, a feature story on derivatives and debt on the Russian network RT, and the Thom Hartmann Show's "Conversations with Great Minds." Ellen Brown ran for California Treasurer in the California June 2014 Statewide Primary election.

neg: Innovation University of Silicon Valley The Innovation University of Silicon Valley is a private unaccredited university established in 2015 . It is located in Northern California .

neg: Medaille College Medaille College is a private liberal arts college located in the historic Olmsted Crescent of Buffalo, New York, that draws extensively from the Western New York and Southern Ontario regions. It is a private, non-denominational, co-educational institution.

neg: Tom Brown (wide receiver) Thomas William "Tom" Brown (born December 24, 1963) is a former professional American football player for the National Football League's Cincinnati Bengals. He played in just two games in the 1987 season after his collegiate career at Augustana College in South Dakota.

neg: Utica College Utica College (or UC) is a private university located in Utica, in the U.S. state of New York. The history of the college dates back to the 1930s when Syracuse University began offering extension courses in the Utica area. Syracuse University established Utica College as a four-year institution in 1946, and in 1995, UC became a financially and legally independent institution. UC is officially mentioned in Syracuse's Charter, Article 1, Section 3: "Utica College shall be represented by the President, appointed ex officio, and by the dean of the college, and another representative selected by the college." Utica College began offering its own graduate degrees in 1999 and its own undergraduate degrees in 2011.

neg: History of Ohio University The history of Ohio University has been documented by several known sources, especially the bicentennial publication, "Ohio University 1804–2004: Spirit of a Singular Place," written by historian Betty Hollow. The university's history predates its founding, as a part of the post-Revolutionary period that saw the nation's first land grants, and continues until the present period of international research.

neg: Wright State University Wright State University is a public research university in Fairborn, Ohio, a suburb of Dayton. Originally operating as a branch campus for Ohio State University and Miami University, Wright State became an independent institution in 1967. Its name honors the aviation pioneers Orville and Wilbur Wright, who were residents of Dayton. In 1969, a 173 acre branch campus opened on the shore of Grand Lake St. Marys in Celina, Ohio. The university offers degrees at the bachelor's, master's, and doctoral level.

neg: University of Akron The University of Akron is a public research university in Akron, Ohio, United States. The university is part of the University System of Ohio. As a STEM-focused institution, it focuses on industries such as polymers, advanced materials, and engineering.

neg: Cardinal Stritch High School Cardinal Stritch Catholic High School (CSCHS), is a private, Catholic, coeducational, college prep secondary school located in Oregon, Ohio. It is part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo.

neg: Brown Bears football The Brown Bears football program is the intercollegiate American football team for Brown University located in the U.S. state of Rhode Island. The team competes in the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) and are members of the Ivy League. Brown's first football team was fielded in 1878. The team plays its home games at the 20,000 seat Brown Stadium in Providence, Rhode Island. The Bears are coached by Phil Estes.

neg: Heidelberg University (Ohio) Heidelberg University is a private liberal arts college located in the city of Tiffin, Ohio. Founded in 1850, it was known as Heidelberg College until 1889 and from 1926 to 2009.


query: Mário Custódio Nazaré had a 15 day contract with the sports club based in what city?

pos: Mário Custódio Nazaré Mário Custódio Nazaré or simply Marinho (born April 1, 1976 in Santos, São Paulo), is a Brazilian footballer who currently plays for Ponte Preta. In 2002, he signed for Beşiktaş but his contract was terminated just 15 days later.

pos: Beşiktaş J.K. Beşiktaş Jimnastik Kulübü (] , English: Beşiktaş Gymnastics Club ), known as simply Beşiktaş (pronounced: "Beshiktash"), is a Turkish sports club founded in 1903, and based in the Beşiktaş district of Istanbul.

neg: Clube Atlético Monte Líbano (basketball) Clube Atlético Monte Líbano, or C.A. Monte Líbano, is a Brazilian men's professional basketball club that is based in Brazil.

neg: Deportivo Portugués Club Deportivo Portugués (usually called Portugués) was a professional football club and the club has won four First Division titles in the professional era. The club is based in Caracas.

neg: Club Atlético Atlanta Club Atlético Atlanta is an Argentine sports club from the Villa Crespo district of Buenos Aires. Nicknamed "Los Bohemios" ("The Bohemians"), Atlanta is mostly known for its football team, although the institution also hosts the practise of boxing, martial arts, handball and roller skating.

neg: C.S. Herediano Club Sport Herediano (] ), commonly known as Herediano and nicknamed El Team, is a Costa Rican multisport club based in the district of San Francisco, Heredia. Although they compete in a number of different sports, Herediano is mostly known for its association football team. It plays in the Primera División de Costa Rica, the top tier of the Costa Rican football league system. Herediano are one of two clubs to have never been relegated, along with Alajuelense.

neg: Bilbao Basket Club Basket Bilbao Berri S.A.D., commonly known as Bilbao Basket (] ) and as RETAbet Bilbao Basket for sponsorship reasons, is a professional basketball club based in Bilbao, Spain. The team plays in the Liga ACB. Their home arena is the Bilbao Arena.

neg: Club Atlético Ducilo Club Atlético Ducilo is a sports club based in Berazategui, Greater Buenos Aires. The club is mostly known for its field hockey teams, with the women's squad currently participating of the Metropolitano championship organised by the Buenos Aires Hockey Association.

neg: F.C. Internazionale Milano (basketball) F.C. Internazionale Milano, commonly referred to as Internazionale or simply Inter, and colloquially known as Inter Milan outside of Italy, has been one of Italian men's basketball team in the city of Milan, the section of the most popular football club with the same name.

neg: Boca Juniors (basketball) Boca Juniors basketball section is part of the Boca Juniors sports club based in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The team plays in the Liga Nacional de Básquet (LNB), the first division of the Argentine league system. Boca's home games are played at the Estadio Luis Conde, also called the "Bombonerita" (in English: "Small Bombonera"), as a reference to the club's football stadium known as the "La Bombonera".

neg: A.C.D. Nardò A.C.D. Nardò (usually referred to as simply Nardò) is an Italian association football club, based in Nardò, Apulia. It currently plays in Eccellenza.

neg: Al-Wasl F.C. Al Wasl Football Club (Arabic: نادي الوصل لكرة القدم  ) is a United Arab Emirates Football League club based in Dubai. It is a part of the multi-sports club Al Wasl Sports Club. Former Argentine national team player and manager Diego Maradona was the manager of the club.

neg: Barcelona S.C. Barcelona Sporting Club (] ) is an Ecuadorian sports club based in Guayaquil, known best for its professional football team. They currently play in the Ecuadorian Serie A, the highest level of football in the country, and hold the distinction of being the only club in Ecuadorian history not to be relegated to the Serie B.

neg: C.D. Cuautla Club Deportivo Cuautla is a Mexican football club based in Cuautla, Mexico. Their home stadium is Estadio Isidro Gil Tapia. The club plays in the Mexican Liga Premier in the Serie B.

neg: Curitiba Rugby Clube Curitiba Rugby Clube is a Rugby Union team in the city of Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. It is currently the biggest club in the state, with junior category, children, youth, men and women.

neg: Associação Atlética Ponte Preta Associação Atlética Ponte Preta (] ), commonly known as Ponte Preta, is a Brazilian football club located in Campinas, São Paulo. Ponte Preta is also known as "Macaca". Ponte Preta's biggest rival is from the same city, Guarani, against whom matches are known as "derby" ("dérbi" in Portuguese). They are known as "pontepretanos". Ponte Preta is the second oldest football team established in Brazil still in activity, founded on August 11, 1900, the oldest being Sport Club Rio Grande, of Rio Grande do Sul.

neg: A.D. Os Limianos Associação Desportiva «Os Limianos» "(abbreviated as AD Os Limianos)" is a Portuguese football club based in Ponte de Lima in the district of Viana do Castelo.

neg: Club Atlético Peñarol (Mar del Plata) Club Atlético Peñarol (usually called Peñarol de Mar del Plata or simply Peñarol) is an Argentine sports club based in Mar del Plata. The club is mostly known for its basketball team, which is currently playing in the Liga Nacional de Básquet (LNB), the top level of the Argentine league system. Their home arena is the Polideportivo Islas Malvinas.

neg: Club Deportivo Olimpia Club Deportivo Olimpia, commonly referred to as Olimpia, is a professional Honduran football club based in Tegucigalpa, Francisco Morazán. The club is the nation's most successful team both in the domestic league and in international club competitions.

neg: Montevideo Cricket Club The Montevideo Cricket Club (abbreviated "MVCC") is an Uruguayan sports club based in Montevideo, established in 1861 by English immigrants. Its predecessor had been the now defunct "Victoria Cricket Club", founded in 1842.

neg: Piemonte Volley Piemonte Volley, known for sponsorship reasons as Bre Banca Lannutti Cuneo, is a professional volleyball club based in Cuneo, Italy. The club was founded in 1958 under the name of Cuneo Volley Ball Club and renamed Piemonte Volley in 2001, after the acquisition of glorious but long-ailing CUS Torino Pallavolo.

neg: Sport Club Corinthians Paulista Sport Club Corinthians Paulista (] ) is a Brazilian multi-sport club based in São Paulo, São Paulo. Although they compete in a number of different sports, Corinthians is mostly known for its professional association football team.


query: Who was the writer of a collection of short stories originally published in 1952 as The Apple Tree, which was made into a 1963 American horror-thriller film directed by Alfred Hitchcock ?

pos: The Birds and Other Stories The Birds and Other Stories is a collection of short stories by Daphne du Maurier, originally published in 1952 as The Apple Tree by Gollancz in the United Kingdom. It includes "The Birds," which was made into a film of the same name by Alfred Hitchcock in 1963. The anthology was published in the United States as Kiss Me Again, Stranger by Doubleday and then has been republished under the current name, "The Birds and Other Stories".

pos: The Birds (film) The Birds is a 1963 American horror-thriller film directed by Alfred Hitchcock, loosely based on the 1952 story of the same name by Daphne du Maurier. It focuses on a series of sudden, unexplained violent bird attacks on the people of Bodega Bay, California over the course of a few days.

neg: Under Capricorn Under Capricorn is a 1949 British historical thriller film directed by Alfred Hitchcock about a couple in Australia who started out as lady and stable boy in Ireland, and who are now bound together by a horrible secret. The film was based on the novel "Under Capricorn" (1937) by Helen Simpson, with a screenplay by James Bridie. It was adapted to the screen by Hume Cronyn. This was Hitchcock's second film in Technicolor, and like the preceding color film "Rope" (1948), it also featured 10-minute takes.

neg: Someone Like You (short story collection) Someone Like You is a collection of short stories by Roald Dahl. It was published in 1953 by Alfred Knopf.

neg: The Sleeping and the Dead The Sleeping and the Dead is an anthology of Fantasy and Horror stories edited by August Derleth. It was first published by Pellegrini & Cudahy in 1947. Many of the stories had originally appeared in the magazines "The London Mercury", "Weird Tales", "Scribner's", "Dublin University Magazine", "Unknown", "Esquire", "The Bellman", "Vanity Fair" and "Black Mask". An abridged edition (15 stories) was published by Four Square Books in 1963 under the same title.

neg: William and Mary (short story) "William and Mary" is a short story by Roald Dahl, originally published in 1959 and included in his 1960 collection "Kiss Kiss". It was later adapted into episodes of "Way Out" and "Tales of the Unexpected".

neg: The Possessed (short story) "The Possessed" is a science fiction short story by British writer Arthur C. Clarke, first published in 1953.

neg: W. F. Harvey William Fryer Harvey AM (14 April 1885 – 4 June 1937) was an English writer of short stories, most notably in the macabre and horror genres. Among his best-known stories are "August Heat" and "The Beast with Five Fingers", described by horror historian Les Daniels as "minor masterpieces".

neg: Twice 22 Twice 22 is a collection of short stories by Ray Bradbury. The book, published in 1966, is an omnibus edition of "The Golden Apples of the Sun" and "A Medicine for Melancholy". It is titled Twice 22 on the book's dustjacket and spine, but titled Twice Twenty-two on the book's title page.

neg: Stanley Ellin Stanley Bernard Ellin (October 6, 1916 – July 31, 1986) was an American mystery writer. Ellin was born in Brooklyn, New York. After a brief tenure in the Army, at the insistence of his wife, Ellin began writing full time. While his novels are acclaimed, he is best known for his short stories. In May 1948, his first sale, and one of Ellin's most famous short stories, "The Specialty of the House" (""Speciality" of the House" in England), appeared in "Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine".

neg: Autopsy Room Four "Autopsy Room Four" is a short story by American writer Stephen King. It was first published in King's limited-edition collection "Six Stories" in 1997 and appeared in the anthology "Robert Bloch's Psychos" later the same year. In 2002, it was collected in King's collection "Everything's Eventual". It was adapted into a short film in 2003. It was also part of TNT's "" series in the summer of 2006.

neg: The 4-Dimensional Nightmare The Four-Dimensional Nightmare is a collection of science fiction short stories by British writer J. G. Ballard, published in 1963 by Victor Gollancz.

neg: The Hitch-Hiker (short story) "The Hitch-Hiker" is a short story by Roald Dahl that was originally published in the July 1977 issue of the "Atlantic Monthly", and later included in Dahl's short story collection "The Wonderful Story of Henry Sugar and Six More". The story features a man who picks up a hitch-hiker whilst driving to London. The pick-pocketing of a policeman's notebook during a traffic stop closely follows "Hitch-Hike", a 1960 episode of "Alfred Hitchcock Presents" based on a short story by Ed Lacy.

neg: Nightmare at 20,000 Feet "Nightmare at 20,000 Feet" is episode 123 of the American television anthology series "The Twilight Zone", based on the short story of the same name by Richard Matheson, first published in "Alone by Night" (1961). It originally aired on October 11, 1963. It is one of the most well-known and frequently referenced episodes of the series. The story follows the only passenger on an airline flight to notice a hideous creature lurking outside the plane.

neg: Granny Grace The Granny Grace Mysteries, from author Patricia C. Hughes, is a series of comical mystery short stories published in "Alfred Hitchcock's Mystery Magazine" in the late 1990s. They followed the ghostly capers of Dallas McGee, a young corporate secretary from Houston, who becomes haunted by her Great-Granny Grace—a ghost who appears to her as a young and flamboyant 1920s flapper. Grace died just as Dallas' sister Savannah was supposed to marry into the powerful St. James family—and she refuses to "cross over" until Dallas investigates a long series of St. James murders dating back to the 1920s.

neg: Under the Sunset Under the Sunset is a collection of short stories by Bram Stoker (the author of "Dracula"), first published in 1881.

neg: Alfred Hitchcock's Anthology – Volume 2 Alfred Hitchcock's Anthology – Volume 2 is the second installment in the "Alfred Hitchcock's Anthology" series. Originally published in hardcover as "Alfred Hitchcock's Tales to Take Your Breath Away" in 1977, this issue contains 29 stories from "Alfred Hitchcock's Mystery Magazine" that, by the editors, were believed to be the best published the preceding year (1977).

neg: The Under Dog and Other Stories The Under Dog and Other Stories is a short story collection written by Agatha Christie and first published in the United States in 1951, Dodd Mead and Company. The title story was published in booklet form along with Blackman's Wood (by E. Phillips Oppenheim) in the United Kingdom in 1929 by The Reader's Library.The first US edition retailed at $2.50.

neg: Wayne Robbins Windom Wayne Robbins (July 22, 1914 – January 18, 1958) was an American author of horror and weird fiction. His work was primarily published in the Popular Publications catalog of weird menace pulp fiction. His first published short story was "Horror's Holiday Special" in the July 1939 issue of "Dime Mystery Magazine".

neg: From Beyond (short story) "From Beyond" is a horror short story by American writer H. P. Lovecraft. It was written in 1920 and was first published in "The Fantasy Fan" in June 1934 (Vol. 1, No. 10).

neg: The April Witch "The April Witch" is a 1952 fantasy short story by Ray Bradbury.

neg: Rudolph Fentz Rudolph Fentz (also spelled as Rudolf Fenz) is the focal character of "I'm Scared", a 1952 science fiction short story by Jack Finney, which was later reported as an urban legend as if the events had truly happened. The story tells of a 19th-century-looking young man possessing items of that period who is found confused in the middle of 1951 Times Square before being hit by a car and killed, suggesting that he had, perhaps involuntarily, time travelled about a century forwards.


query: Are Gary T. Smith and Kiyoshi Kurosawa both directors?

pos: Gary T. Smith Gary T. Smith (born October 30, 1954) is an American screenwriter, actor, and film and television director. A native of Atlanta, Georgia, he is descended from a long line of Georgians, dating back before the Civil War. He was raised in a typical middle-class family of the 1950s and 60s, his father an executive in the baking industry and his mother a stay-at-home mom. He has drawn on this heritage as inspiration for his films.

pos: Kiyoshi Kurosawa Kiyoshi Kurosawa (黒沢 清 , Kurosawa Kiyoshi , born July 19, 1955) is a Japanese film director, screenwriter, film critic and a professor at Tokyo University of the Arts. Although he has worked in a variety of genres, Kurosawa is best known for his many contributions to the Japanese horror genre.

neg: Sōjirō Motoki Sōjirō Motoki (本木 荘二郎 , Motoki Sōjirō ) was a Japanese filmmaker who served primarily as a film producer, but also as a writer and director. He was most famous for producing several films for Akira Kurosawa, including "Seven Samurai", "Ikiru" and "Throne of Blood". He also produced films for other directors, including Mikio Naruse, for whom he produced "Spring Awakens" and "Battle of Roses", and Kazuo Mori, for whom he produced "Vendetta for a Samurai". As a writer, he provided the story for Kei Kumai's 1968 film "The Sands of Kurobe", starring Kurosawa favorite Toshiro Mifune.

neg: Tora-san's Grand Scheme Tora-san's Grand Scheme (新・男はつらいよ , Shin Otoko wa Tsurai yo ) is a 1970 Japanese comedy film directed by Shun'ichi Kobayashi. It stars Kiyoshi Atsumi as Kuruma Torajirō (Tora-san), and Komaki Kurihara as his love interest or "Madonna". "Tora-san's Grand Scheme" is the fourth entry in the popular, long-running "Otoko wa Tsurai yo" series.

neg: Gary Smith (footballer, born 1968) Gary Neil Smith (born 3 December 1968) is an English former footballer. He is currently Head Coach & Technical Director of Nashville SC in the United Soccer League, the second tier in the US soccer pyramid.

neg: List of awards and honors given to Akira Kurosawa The following table is a selected list of awards and honors given to the Japanese film director Akira Kurosawa.

neg: T. Ryder Smith T. Ryder Smith (born March 9, 1958) is an American actor. A native of New York state and long-time resident of New York City, he appears frequently on stage, particularly in avant-garde theatre works, as well as on TV, film, and as a voice actor.

neg: Gary Graver Gary Graver (July 20, 1938 – November 16, 2006) was an American film director and cinematographer. He was a prolific filmmaker but is best known as Orson Welles' final cinematographer. Under the pseudonym of Robert McCallum he also directed adult films.

neg: Athol Fugard Harold Athol Lanigan Fugard OIS (born 11 June 1932) is a South African playwright, novelist, actor, and director who writes in English. He is best known for his political plays opposing the system of apartheid and for the 2005 Academy Award-winning film of his novel "Tsotsi", directed by Gavin Hood. Fugard is an adjunct professor of playwriting, acting and directing in the Department of Theatre and Dance at the University of California, San Diego. For the academic year 2000–2001, he was the IU Class of 1963 Wells Scholar Professor at Indiana University, in Bloomington, Indiana. He is the recipient of many awards, honours, and honorary degrees, including the 2005 Order of Ikhamanga in Silver "for his excellent contribution and achievements in the theatre" from the government of South Africa. He is also an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature.

neg: Alan Smithee Alan Smithee (also Allen Smithee) is an official pseudonym used by film directors who wish to disown a project. Coined in 1968 and used until it was formally discontinued in 2000, it was the sole pseudonym used by members of the Directors Guild of America (DGA) when a director, dissatisfied with the final product, proved to the satisfaction of a guild panel that he or she had not been able to exercise creative control over a film. The director was also required by guild rules not to discuss the circumstances leading to the move or even to acknowledge being the project's director.

neg: Journey to the Shore Journey to the Shore (岸辺の旅 , Kishibe no Tabi ) is a 2015 Japanese romantic drama film directed by Kiyoshi Kurosawa. It is adapted from the novel "Kishibe no Tabi" by Japanese writer Kazumi Yumoto. It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2015 Cannes Film Festival where Kurosawa won the prize for Best Director. It was selected to be screened in the Contemporary World Cinema section of the 2015 Toronto International Film Festival.

neg: Kandagawa Pervert Wars Kandagawa Pervert Wars (神田川淫乱戦争 , Kandagawa Inran Sensō ) is a 1983 Japanese pink film directed by Kiyoshi Kurosawa who would later go on to a career directing mainstream horror films.

neg: Gary A. Tanaka Gary A. Tanaka (born June 23, 1943, in Hunt, Idaho) is a Japanese-American businessman, sportsman and philanthropist who co-founded the investment company Amerindo Investment Advisors in 1979 along with Alberto Vilar.

neg: Shochiku Shochiku Company Limited (松竹株式会社 , Shōchiku Kabushiki gaisha ) () is a Japanese movie studio and production company for kabuki. It also produces and distributes anime films. Its best remembered directors include Yasujirō Ozu, Kenji Mizoguchi, Mikio Naruse, Keisuke Kinoshita and Yōji Yamada. Shochiku has also produced films by highly regarded independent and "loner" directors such as Takashi Miike, Takeshi Kitano, Akira Kurosawa and Taiwanese New Wave director Hou Hsiao-hsien. It is a member of the Motion Picture Producers Association of Japan (MPPAJ), and is one of Japan's Big Four film studios.

neg: Black Society trilogy The Kuroshakai" trilogy, also known as the Black Society" trilogy, is a series of films directed by Japanese filmmaker Takashi Miike involving Chinese "triads" and Japanese "yakuza".

neg: List of creative works by Akira Kurosawa The following is a list of works, both in film and other media, for which the Japanese filmmaker Akira Kurosawa made some documented creative contribution. This includes a complete list of films with which he was involved (including the films on which he worked as assistant director before becoming a full director), as well as his little-known contributions to theater, television and literature.

neg: Gary Weis Gary Weis is a film and television director. He was a creator of short films for "Saturday Night Live" along with Albert Brooks and Tom Schiller. Weis also directed the documentary "80 Blocks from Tiffany's".

neg: Gary Roberts (radio broadcaster) Gary Roberts is managing director of Perth radio station Nova 93.7 having started his radio career in the late 60's at 3AW in Melbourne. He spent nine years on air with a number of stations including 5AD (radio station) Adelaide, 2UW Sydney and 6KY Perth before moving into Programming. As a Programme Director, he programmed four stations to No 1 in their respective markets including a record run of 34 consecutive No 1 surveys with 96fm (Perth radio station), which he launched in 1980. He was General Manager of 96fm from 1984 to 1992 when he left to take over the same role at 94.5FM in Perth.

neg: Gary Gilbert Gary Gilbert (born 1965) is an American film producer and the founder and president of Gilbert Films, a motion picture production and financing company based in Los Angeles, California.

neg: The Men Who Tread on the Tiger's Tail The Men Who Tread on the Tiger's Tail (虎の尾を踏む男達 , Tora no O o Fumu Otokotachi , alternatively They Who Step on the Tiger's Tail) is a 1945 Japanese period drama film, written and directed by Akira Kurosawa. It is based on the kabuki play "Kanjinchō", which is in turn based on the Noh play "Ataka".

neg: Killer's Kiss Killer's Kiss is a 1955 American crime film noir directed by Stanley Kubrick and written by Kubrick and Howard Sackler. It is the second film directed by Kubrick, the first being his 1953 debut feature "Fear and Desire". The film stars Jamie Smith, Irene Kane, and Frank Silvera.

neg: Tokyo Sonata Tokyo Sonata (トウキョウソナタ , Tōkyō Sonata ) is a 2008 film directed by Kiyoshi Kurosawa. It won the award for Best Film at the 3rd Asian Film Awards and received 2008 Asia Pacific Screen Awards nominations for Achievement in Directing and Best Screenplay. At the 2008 Cannes Film Festival it won the Jury Prize of the "Un Certain Regard" section.


query: Dievas was the chief deity in which extinct Baltic language?

pos: Dievas Lithuanian Dievas, Latvian Dievs, Latgalian Dīvs, Prussian Deywis, Yotvingian Deivas was the supreme god in the Baltic mythology and one of the most important deities together with Perkūnas. Dievas is a direct successor of the Proto-Indo-European supreme god *Dyēus of the root "*deiwo-". Its Proto-Baltic form was *"Deivas".

pos: Sudovian language Sudovian (also known as Yotvingian, Yatvingian, or Jatvingian) is an extinct western Baltic language of Northeastern Europe. Closely related to the Old Prussian language, it was formerly spoken southwest of the Nemunas river in what is now Lithuania, east of Galindia and north of Yotvingia, and by exiles in East Prussia.

neg: Lithuania proper Lithuania proper (Latin: "Lithuania propria" , literally: "Genuine Lithuania"; Lithuanian: "Didžioji Lietuva" ; Yiddish: ליטע , "Lite") refers to a region which existed within the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and where the Lithuanian language was spoken. The primary meaning is identical to the Duchy of Lithuania, a land around which the Grand Duchy of Lithuania evolved. The territory can be traced by Catholic Christian parishes established in pagan Baltic lands of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania subsequent to the Christianization of Lithuania in 1387. They were quite distinguishable, since Ruthenian parts of the Duchy have been already baptised in an orthodox manner. The term in Latin was widely used during the Middle Ages and can be found in numerous historical maps until World War I.

neg: Latvians in Lithuania The Latvian minority in Lithuania (Latvian: "latvieši" , Lithuanian: "latviai" ) numbered 2,025 persons at the 2011 census, and at 0.07% of the total population of Lithuania, being the 9th biggest national minority. The Latvian national minority in Lithuania has a long history.

neg: Greenlandic Norse Greenlandic Norse is an extinct North Germanic language that was spoken in the Norse settlements of Greenland until their demise in the late 15th century. The language is attested through some 80 runic inscriptions, many of which are difficult to date and not all of which were necessarily carved by people born in Greenland.

neg: Ūsiņš Ūsiņš (] ) is a deity in Latvian mythology, the god of light and spring, symbol of fertility, guardian of horses and bees.

neg: Fróði Fróði (Old Norse: "Frōði" ; Old English: "Frōda" ; Middle High German: "Vruote") is the name of a number of legendary Danish kings in various texts including "Beowulf", Snorri Sturluson's "Prose Edda" and his "Ynglinga saga", Saxo Grammaticus' "Gesta Danorum", and the "Grottasöngr". A Danish king by this name also appears as a minor character in the Middle High German epic "Die Rabenschlacht". The name is possibly an eponym for the god Freyr.

neg: Kauno diena Kauno diena (English: "Kaunas Daily" ) is a Lithuanian daily newspaper, printed in Kaunas.

neg: Lýtir Lytir (Old Norse "Lýtir") is considered a god in Norse mythology and Norse paganism. His name is either related to the Old Norse word "hlutr", meaning "lot, share, foretell" or "lýti" meaning "blemish". If the former meaning is assumed, then priests of Lytir would probably have been spámaðr or fortune-tellers. Supporting this etymology is a story about Lytir in "Hauks þáttr hábrókar" (in the "Flateyjarbók") during which a Swedish king consults the god. Lytir's ceremonial wagon was taken to a sacred place where the god entered it and then taken back to the king's hall, where it was used to answer questions. Aside from this passage, Lytir is otherwise unattested except in several Swedish place names that might contain elements of his name, such as Lytisberg and Lytislunda. He may be identical to Lóðurr, one of the three gods creating the two first humans Ask and Embla.

neg: Setos Setos ("q, setoq", Estonian: "setud" ) are an indigenous ethnic and linguistic minority in south-eastern Estonia and north-western Russia. Setos are mostly Seto-speaking Orthodox Christians of Estonian nationality. The Seto language (like Finnish and Estonian) belongs to the Finnic group of the Uralic languages. The Setos seek greater recognition, rather than having their language considered a dialect of Estonian. Along with Orthodox Christianity, vernacular traditional folk religion is widely practiced and supported by Setos.

neg: Culture of Lithuania The culture of Lithuania combines an indigenous heritage, represented by the unique Lithuanian language, with Nordic cultural aspects and Christian traditions resulting from historical ties with Poland. Although linguistic resemblances represent strong cultural ties with Latvia in various historical moments Lithuania was influenced by Nordic, Germanic and Slavic cultures. Various cultural changes occurred throughout Lithuania's transformation from a former country of the Soviet Union to an independent Baltic state.

neg: Daina (Lithuania) Daina is the traditional name of vocal folk music in the Baltic languages, and is preserved in Lithuania and Latvia. Lithuanian "dainos" (literally, "songs") are often noted not only for their mythological content, but also for relating historical events.

neg: Ancient Belgian language Ancient Belgian is a hypothetical extinct Indo-European language, spoken in Belgica (northern Gaul) in late prehistory. It is often identified with the hypothetical Nordwestblock. While it remains a matter of controversy, the linguist Maurits Gysseling — who himself attributed the term to SJ De Laet — hypothesised a Belgian that was distinct from the later Celtic and Germanic languages. According to the theory, which was further elaborated by Hans Kuhn and others, traces of Belgian can be found in certain toponyms such as South-East-Flemish Bevere, Eine, Mater and Melden.

neg: Lusitanian language Lusitanian (so named after the Lusitani or Lusitanians) was an Indo-European Paleohispanic language. There has been support for either a connection with the ancient Italic languages or Celtic languages. It is known from only five sizeable inscriptions, dated from circa 1 CE, and numerous names of places (toponyms) and of gods (theonyms). The language was spoken in the territory inhabited by Lusitanian tribes, from the Douro to the Tagus rivers, territory that nowadays falls in Portugal and western Spain.

neg: Finnish paganism Finnish paganism was the indigenous pagan religion in Finland, Estonia, and Karelia prior to Christianisation. It was a polytheistic religion, worshipping a number of different deities. The principal god was the god of thunder and the sky, Ukko; other important gods included Jumi, Ahti, and Tapio.

neg: Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben The Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben (LIV, ""Lexicon of the Indo-European Verbs"") is an etymological dictionary of the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) verb. The first edition appeared in 1998, edited by Helmut Rix. A second edition followed in 2001. The book may be seen as an update to the verb entries of the "Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch" ("IEW") by Julius Pokorny. It was the first dictionary fully utilizing the modern three-laryngeal theory with reconstructions of Indo-European verbal roots.

neg: Norse mythology in popular culture The Norse mythology, preserved in such ancient Icelandic texts as the Poetic Edda, the Prose Edda, and other lays and sagas, was little known outside Scandinavia until the 19th century. With the widespread publication of Norse myths and legends at this time, references to the Norse gods and heroes spread into European literary culture, especially in Scandinavia, Germany, and Britain. In the later 20th century, references to Norse mythology became common in science fiction and fantasy literature, role-playing games, and eventually other cultural products such as Japanese animation.

neg: Centum and satem languages Languages of the Indo-European family are classified as either centum languages or satem languages according to how the dorsal consonants (sounds of "K" and "G" type) of the reconstructed Proto-Indo-European language (PIE) developed. An example of the different developments is provided by the words for "hundred" found in the early attested Indo-European languages. In centum languages, they typically began with a /k/ sound (Latin "centum" was pronounced with initial /k/), but in satem languages, they often began with /s/ (the example "satem" comes from the Avestan language of Zoroastrian scripture).

neg: Mangarevan narrative Mangarevan narrative (or Mangarevan mythology) comprises the legends, historical tales, and sayings of the ancient Mangarevan people. It is considered a variant of a more general Polynesian narrative, developing its own unique character for several centuries before the 1830s. The religion was officially suppressed in the 19th century, and ultimately abandoned by the natives in favor of Roman Catholicism. The Mangarevan term for god was "Etua".

neg: Dieveniškės Dieveniškės (literally: "Gods' place", Polish: "Dziewieniszki" , Belarusian: Дзевянішкі ) is a town in the Vilnius County of Lithuania, about 6 km from the Belarusian border in the so-called Dieveniškės appendix. It is surrounded by the Dieveniškės Regional Park.

neg: Balto-Slavic languages The Balto-Slavic languages are a branch of the Indo-European family of languages. It traditionally comprises the Baltic and Slavic languages. Baltic and Slavic languages share several linguistic traits not found in any other Indo-European branch, which points to a period of common development. Most Indo-Europeanists classify Baltic and Slavic languages into a single branch, even though some details of the nature of their relationship remain in dispute in some circles, usually due to political controversies. Some linguists, however, have recently suggested that Balto-Slavic should be split into three equidistant groups: Eastern Baltic, Western Baltic (which is extinct) and Slavic.

neg: Belarusians in Lithuania The Belarusian minority in Lithuania (Belarusian: беларусы , "biełarusy", Russian: белорусы , "byelorusy", Lithuanian: "baltarusiai" or "gudai") numbered 36,200 persons at the 2011 census, and at 1.2% of the total population of Lithuania, being the third most populous national minority. The Belarusian national minority in Lithuania has deep historical, cultural and political relations. Many famous Belarusians lived and created in Lithuania, mostly its capital Vilnius; it was in Vilnius that the first standardized Belarusian language grammar was printed in.


query: Do both the American Pit Bull Terrier and Rhodesian Ridgeback originate from South Africa?

pos: American Pit Bull Terrier The American Pit Bull Terrier (APBT) is a dog breed. It is a medium-sized, solidly-built, intelligent, short-haired dog whose early ancestors came from the British Isles. When compared with the English Staffordshire Bull Terrier (another breed within the type commonly called pit bulls), the American Pit Bull Terrier is larger by margins of 6 - in height and 25 - in weight. The American Pit Bull Terrier varies in size. Males normally are about 18-21 inches (45–53 cm) in height and around 35-60 pounds (15–27 kg) in weight. Females are normally around 17-20 inches (43–50 cm) in height and 30-50 pounds (13–22 kg) in weight.

pos: Rhodesian Ridgeback The Rhodesian ridgeback is a dog breed developed in South Africa. Its European forebears can be traced to the early pioneers of the Cape Colony of southern Africa, who crossed their dogs with the semi-domesticated, ridged hunting dogs of the Khoikhoi.

neg: Transvaal dwarf chameleon The Transvaal dwarf chameleon ("Bradypodion transvaalense") is a chameleon native to South Africa, where it is found in forested areas of Mpumalanga and Limpopo provinces. It is also known as the Wolkberg dwarf chameleon, after the Wolkberg range.

neg: Schapendoes The Schapendoes (] ) or Dutch Sheepdog, is a breed of dog originating in the Netherlands. The Schapendoes was originally a herding dog and general farm dog, but today also participates in dog sports such as agility and flyball.

neg: Australian Cattle Dog The Australian Cattle Dog (ACD), or simply Cattle Dog, is a breed of herding dog originally developed in Australia for droving cattle over long distances across rough terrain. This breed is a medium-sized, short-coated dog that occurs in two main colour forms. It has either brown or black hair distributed fairly evenly through a white coat, which gives the appearance of a "red" or "blue" dog. It should not be confused with the Australian Shepherd, a similarly named but totally different breed.

neg: Xenocalamus transvaalensis Xenocalamus transvaalensis is a species of venomous rear-fanged snake in the family Atractaspididae. It is endemic to Africa. No subspecies are recognized.

neg: Kerry cattle Kerry cattle (Irish: "Bó Chiarraí" or "Buinín") are a rare breed of dairy cattle, native to Ireland. They are believed to be one of the oldest breeds in Europe. Their coat is almost entirely black, with a little white on the udder. The horns are whitish with dark tips. Cows weigh about 350–400 kg and produce 3000–3700 kg of milk per lactation.

neg: Bulls (rugby union) The Bulls, for sponsorship reasons known as the Vodacom Bulls, are a South African rugby union team competing in the Super Rugby competition. They are based in Pretoria and play their home matches at Loftus Versfeld. Prior to 1998, the Bulls competed in the then-Super 12 as Northern Transvaal, as in those years South Africa was represented in the competition by its top four Currie Cup sides from the previous season, instead of the modern Super Rugby teams.

neg: American Dog Breeders Association The American Dog Breeders Association(also known as ADBA) was started in September 1909 as a multiple breed association. The residing president, Guy McCord, was an avid fancier and breeder of the American Pit Bull Terrier and was a close friend of John P. Colby. Colby was the mainstay of the ADBA and therefore it was considered the "home" registration office for the Colby dogs. All members in good standing could register their dogs and litters for the yearly fee of $2.50. The exclusive member’s idea gradually was replaced by a registry open to all owners and breeders of purebred dogs. Over time the association focused on the registration of the American Pit Bull Terrier.

neg: Dorper The Dorper is a South African breed of domestic sheep developed by crossing Dorset Horn and the Blackhead Persian sheep. The breed was created through the efforts of the South African Department of Agriculture to breed a meat sheep suitable to the more arid regions of the country. It is now farmed in other areas as well, and is the second most common sheep breed in South Africa.

neg: Pitbull (disambiguation) Pitbull or pit bull refers to any of several breeds of dog in the molosser breed group.

neg: Toy Bulldog The Toy Bulldog is an extinct dog breed that existed in England at 18th and early 19th centuries. Breeders were working in two different directions to create this breed. One was to downsize the Bulldog. This was not very successful due to complications with breeding sub-regular size dogs of this breed together. The dwarf size Bulldog puppies were and still are occasionally born out of regular size parents, but they were neither the healthiest, nor the most fertile dogs. They often produced regular-size puppies. Thus, this version of the breed had never been established.

neg: De Wildt Cheetah and Wildlife Centre The De Wildt Cheetah and Wildlife Centre, also known as Ann van Dyk Cheetah Centre is a captive breeding facility for South African cheetahs and other animals that is situated in the foothills of the Magaliesberg mountain range (near Brits and the Hartbeespoort Dam) in the North West Province of South Africa.

neg: H. Basil S. Cooke Herbert Basil Sutton Cooke {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (born 17 October 1915) is a Canadian geologist and palaeontologist, and Emeritus Professor at Dalhousie University. Born in Johannesburg, South Africa, he was educated at King Edward VII School before earning a B.A. (1936) and M.A. (1940) at Cambridge University, and M.Sc. (1940) and D.Sc. (1947) at the University of the Witwatersrand. He was made a Fellow of the Royal Society of South Africa in 1948 for his contributions to Quaternary geology. He is known for his studies of fossil pigs and other even-toed ungulates of Africa. A "festschrift" in honor of his life and contributions was published in "Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa" in 2006. He received the Canadian Centennial Medal (1967) and Queen’s Golden Jubilee Medal (2002) for his contributions to education. Other honors include being a Life Fellow of the Geological Society of South Africa, an honorary Life Member of the Palaeontological Society of Southern Africa, past president and Life Member of both the South African Geographical Society and the South African Archaeological Society, and past vice-president of the South African Association for the Advancement of Science. His books include "Geology for South African Students", co-written with G. N. G. Hamilton and published in five editions since 1939, and "The Evolution of African Mammals" (1978), co-edited with V. J. Maglio. He turned 100 in October 2015.

neg: Napoletana goat The Napoletana is a breed of domestic goat from the area south of Naples, in Campania in southern Italy. It is raised on the slopes of Vesuvius, on the slopes of the Monti Lattari, and in the Agro Nocerino Sarnese which lies between them. The origin of the breed is unknown. It may derive from goats of African origin imported to the area in the early years of the twentieth century; the alternative name Torca Nera, "black Turkish goat", suggests an origin in the Mediterranean basin.

neg: Cato Ridge Cato Ridge is a town near Durban in the Natal province of South Africa.

neg: Boerboel International Boerboel International (BI) is an international representative association of breeders, members, and Boerboel owners. The Boerboel is a large, molosser species of dog which is originally from South Africa.

neg: Border Bulldogs The Border Bulldogs are a South African rugby union team that participates in the annual Currie Cup and Vodacom Cup competitions. They are governed by the Border Rugby Union (BRU) and are based in East London.

neg: Cocker Spaniel Cocker Spaniels are dogs belonging to two breeds of the spaniel dog type: the American Cocker Spaniel and the English Cocker Spaniel, both of which are commonly called simply "Cocker Spaniel" in their countries of origin. In the early 20th century, Cocker Spaniels also included small hunting Spaniels.

neg: The Ridge School The Ridge School is a private, preparatory school for boys situated in Westcliff, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa.

neg: American English Coonhound The English Coonhound, also referred to as the American English Coonhound (by the American Kennel Club only) or the Redtick Coonhound, is a breed of coonhound that originated and is typically bred in the Southern United States. It is descended from hunting hounds brought to America by settlers during the 17th and 18th centuries, resulting in the dogs known as the "Virginia Hounds". The breed's first recognition came from the United Kennel Club in 1905 as the English Fox and Coonhound. Further recognition has been granted in recent years by the American Kennel Club, first in the Foundation Stock Service and in 2011 as a fully recognized member of the hound group.

neg: Pedi (sheep) The Pedi sheep is a breed of sheep native to South Africa. One of three of the Nguni type, along with Zulu and Swazi, they have been in the region since 200-400 AD. The breed gets its name and characteristics from having been raised primarily by the Bapedi people in the north of the country. Pedi are smaller fat-tailed sheep kept for meat, are polled, and are generally white, brown, and red.


query: Macclesfield is being represented by the politician from which party?

pos: Macclesfield (UK Parliament constituency) Macclesfield is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2010 by David Rutley, a Conservative.

pos: David Rutley David Henry Rutley (born 7 March 1961) is a Conservative politician who is the member of parliament for Macclesfield. He was first elected in 2010.

neg: Leigh (UK Parliament constituency) Leigh is a constituency in Greater Manchester represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2017 by Joanne Platt of the Labour Party.

neg: Anna McMorrin Anna Rhiannon McMorrin (born 1971) is a Welsh Labour Party politician. She has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Cardiff North since 2017.

neg: Andrew Griffiths (politician) Andrew James Griffiths (born 19 October 1970) is a British Conservative Party politician. First elected in 2010, he is the Member of Parliament (MP) for Burton.

neg: Terence Thomas, Baron Thomas of Macclesfield Terence James Thomas, Baron Thomas of Macclesfield (born 19 October 1937) is a Labour and Co-operative politician and banker.

neg: Redditch (UK Parliament constituency) Redditch is a constituency in East Worcestershire and in the south of the West Midlands (region) that is represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2017 by Rachel Maclean, of the Conservative Party.

neg: Andrew Bridgen Andrew James Bridgen (born 28 October 1964) is a Conservative Party politician and businessman. Since May 2010 he has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for the constituency of North West Leicestershire.

neg: Lee Rowley Lee Benjamin Rowley (born 1980) is a Conservative Party politician who was elected as the MP for North East Derbyshire at the 2017 general election. It was a Conservative gain as Rowley defeated the sitting Labour MP Natascha Engel in a seat which had been represented by the Labour Party since 1935.

neg: Ilford North (UK Parliament constituency) Ilford North is a constituency created in 1945 and represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2015 by Wes Streeting, a Labour Party MP.

neg: Folkestone and Hythe (UK Parliament constituency) Folkestone and Hythe is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament. Its MP is Damian Collins, a Conservative.

neg: Peter Kyle (politician) Peter Kyle (born 9 September 1970) is a British Labour Party politician and former charity sector executive. He has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Hove since the May 2015 general election.

neg: Sarah Jones (politician) Sarah Ann Jones (20 December 1972) is a British Labour Party politician. She has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Croydon Central since the 2017 general election.

neg: Sutton Coldfield (UK Parliament constituency) Sutton Coldfield is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2001 by Andrew Mitchell, a Conservative.

neg: Iain Wright Iain David Wright (born 9 May 1972) is a British Labour Party politician who was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Hartlepool from 2004 to 2017, and served also as the Chairman of Business Innovation and Skills Committee. He was previously Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State with responsibility for apprenticeships, and 14 to 19 reform in the Department for Children, Schools and Families until 11 May 2010. In April 2017, he announced that he would not be standing as a candidate in the 2017 General Election. On 12 July 2017, fellow Labour MP Rachel Reeves succeeded Wright as Chair of the Business, Innovation and Skills Select Committee.

neg: Alan Brown (Scottish politician) Alan Brown (born 12 August 1970) is a Scottish politician and the Scottish National Party (SNP) Member of Parliament (MP) for Kilmarnock and Loudoun, since gaining the seat in the 2015 general election. In 2017, Brown was appointed as the SNP Westminister spokesperson on Transports, Infrastructure and Energy.

neg: Alex Cunningham Alexander Cunningham (born 1 May 1955) is a British Labour Party politician. He was elected at the 2010 general election as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Stockton North.

neg: Stockport (UK Parliament constituency) Stockport is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 1992 by Ann Coffey, a member of the Labour Party.

neg: Scunthorpe (UK Parliament constituency) Scunthorpe is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2010 by Nic Dakin, a member of the Labour Party.

neg: Mansfield (UK Parliament constituency) Mansfield is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2017 by Ben Bradley of the Conservative Party. This is the first time a Conservative MP has represented the constituency since its creation in 1885.

neg: Julian Knight (politician) Julian Knight (born 5 January 1972) is a British Conservative Party politician. He was elected as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Solihull in 2015.

neg: Andy McDonald (politician) Andrew Joseph McDonald (born 8 March 1958) is a British Labour politician and solicitor. He has been the Member of Parliament for Middlesbrough in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom since 2012.


query: When was the Northern Irish professional snooker player on which "The Rack Pack" focused on his rivalry born?

pos: The Rack Pack The Rack Pack is a 2016 British comedy-drama television film about professional snooker during the 1970s through the 1980s, focusing on the intense rivalry between Alex Higgins and Steve Davis. The film is directed by Brian Welsh and was released on BBC iPlayer on 17 January 2016.

pos: Alex Higgins Alexander Gordon "Alex" Higgins (18 March 1949 – 24 July 2010) was a Northern Irish professional snooker player, who is remembered as one of the most iconic figures in the game. Nicknamed Hurricane Higgins because of his fast play, he was World Champion in 1972 and 1982, and runner-up in 1976 and 1980. He won the UK Championship in 1983 and the Masters in 1978 and 1981, making him one of ten players to have completed snooker's Triple Crown. He was also World Doubles champion with Jimmy White in 1984, and won the World Cup three times with the All-Ireland team.

neg: Rodney Goggins Rodney Goggins (born 25 March 1978) is an Irish former professional snooker player from County Wexford. He competed on the main tour between 2004 and 2009.

neg: Pádraig Harrington Pádraig Peter Harrington (born 31 August 1971) is an Irish professional golfer who plays on the European Tour and the PGA Tour. He has won three major championships: The Open Championship in 2007 and 2008 and the PGA Championship, also in 2008. He has spent over 300 weeks in the top-10 of the Official World Golf Ranking, and reached a career-high ranking of third in July 2008.

neg: Fergal O'Brien Fergal O'Brien (born 8 March 1972) is an Irish professional snooker player.

neg: Steve James (snooker player) Stephen "Steve" James (born 2 May 1961) is a retired English professional snooker player.

neg: Kristján Helgason Kristján Helgason (born 27 March 1974) is an Icelandic former professional snooker player.

neg: Michael Wasley Michael Wasley (born 23 February 1990) is an English former professional snooker player.

neg: Andrew Pagett Andrew Pagett (born 25 April 1982) is a Welsh former professional snooker player.

neg: Fraser Patrick Fraser Patrick (born 8 November 1985) is a Scottish former professional snooker player from Glasgow.

neg: Yan Bingtao Yan Bingtao (born 16 February 2000) is a Chinese professional snooker player. He is the youngest player to win the Amateur World Snooker Championship, his 8–7 victory over Muhammad Sajjad in the final of the 2014 event earning him a place on the sport's main tour.

neg: Chris Wakelin Chris Wakelin (born 6 March 1992) is an English professional snooker player from Rugby, Warwickshire. He practices frequently with Kyren Wilson, David Gilbert and Mark Selby at the Atack Club in Nuneaton.

neg: Matthew Selt Matthew Selt (born 7 March 1985) is an English professional snooker player originally from Romford and now living in Atherstone and playing out of the Atack snooker Centre in Nuneaton. He qualified for the professional tour by finishing seventh on the Pontin's International Open Series in 2006/2007. Selt played in his first professional final in 2014 at the minor-ranking Lisbon Open, which he lost to Stephen Maguire, and has reached five quarter-finals in full ranking events.

neg: Marcus Owen Marcus Willoughby Owen (4 April 1935 – December 1987) was a Welsh professional snooker player.

neg: Jamie Curtis-Barrett Jamie Curtis-Barrett (born 19 April 1984 in Grimsby, Lincolnshire) is an English professional snooker player.

neg: Chris Scanlon Chris Scanlon (born 1975) is an English former professional snooker player.

neg: John Spencer (snooker player) John Spencer (18 September 1935 – 11 July 2006) was an English professional snooker player who won the World Professional title at his first attempt, was the first winner at the Crucible Theatre, was the inaugural winner of the Masters and Irish Masters and was the first player to make a 147 break in competition. Spencer was born in Radcliffe, Greater Manchester.

neg: Ray Farrell Ray Farrell is a Northern Irish darts player who currently plays for the Professional Darts Corporation.

neg: John Parrott John Parrott, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (born 11 May 1964) is an English former professional snooker player and television personality, remembered as one of the best players in the early 1990s.

neg: Fred Davis (snooker player) Fred Davis, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (14 August 1913 – 16 April 1998) was an English professional player of snooker and billiards, one of only two players ever to win the world title in both, the other being his brother Joe. He was one of the most popular personalities in the game. His professional career lasted from 1929 to 1993. He was born in Chesterfield, Derbyshire.

neg: Neil Booth Neil Booth (born 19 February 1968) is a Northern Irish international lawn and indoor bowler.

neg: John Higgins (snooker player) John Higgins, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (born 18 May 1975) is a Scottish professional snooker player. Since turning professional in 1992, he has won 29 ranking titles, including four World Championships and three UK Championships, as well as two Masters titles, making him one of the most successful players in the modern history of the sport.


query: What is the name of state and local laws that continued to be enforced until 1965 and whose effects are featured in the book "Leon's Story" by Leon Walter Tillage?

pos: Leon Walter Tillage Leon Walter Tillage (January 19, 1936 – October 5, 2011) was an African American whose autobiographical children's book "Leon's Story" (1997) features the effects of Jim Crow laws on the lives of African Americans during the 1930s and 1940s – and of the later Civil Rights Movement.

pos: Jim Crow laws Jim Crow laws were state and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States. Enacted by white Democratic-dominated state legislatures in the late 19th century after the Reconstruction period, these laws continued to be enforced until 1965. They mandated "de jure" racial segregation in all public facilities in the states of the former Confederate States of America, starting in 1896 with a "separate but equal" status for African Americans in railroad cars. Public education had essentially been segregated since its establishment in most of the South after the Civil War. This principle was extended to public facilities and transportation, including segregated cars on interstate trains and, later, buses. Facilities for African Americans were consistently inferior and underfunded compared to those which were then available to European Americans; sometimes they did not exist at all. This body of law institutionalized a number of economic, educational, and social disadvantages. "De jure" segregation existed mainly in the Southern states, while Northern segregation was generally "de facto"—patterns of housing segregation enforced by private covenants, bank lending practices, and job discrimination, including discriminatory labor union practices. "Jim Crow" was a pejorative expression meaning "Negro".

neg: Sikes Act The Sikes Act (16 USC 670a-670o, 74 Stat. 1052), was enacted into United States law on September 15, 1960. It provides for cooperation by the Department of the Interior and Department of Defense with State agencies in planning, development and maintenance of fish and wildlife resources on military reservations throughout the United States.

neg: Greenwood, Tulsa Greenwood is a neighborhood in Tulsa, Oklahoma. As one of the most prominent concentrations of African-American businesses in the United States during the early 20th century, it was popularly known as America's "Black Wall Street" until the Tulsa race riot of 1921, in which the Oklahoma state government with the assistance of Tulsa's white residents massacred hundreds of black residents and razed the neighborhood within hours. The riot was one of the most devastating massacres in the history of U.S. race relations, destroying the once thriving Greenwood community.

neg: Brown Chapel A.M.E. Church (Selma, Alabama) Brown Chapel A.M.E. Church is a church in Selma, Alabama, United States. This church was a starting point for the Selma to Montgomery marches in 1965 and, as the meeting place and offices of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) during the Selma Movement, played a major role in the events that led to the adoption of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. The nation's reaction to Selma's "Bloody Sunday" march is widely credited with making the passage of the Voting Rights Act politically viable in the United States Congress.

neg: Marsy's Law Marsy's Law, the California Victims' Bill of Rights Act of 2008, enacted by voters through the initiative process in the November 2008 general election, is an Amendment to the state's Constitution and certain Penal Code sections The Act protects and expands the legal rights of victims of crime to include 17 rights in the judicial process, including the right to legal standing, protection from the defendant, notification of all court proceedings, and restitution, as well as granting parole boards far greater powers to deny inmates parole. Passage of this law in California has led to the passage of a similar law in Illinois, and efforts to pass similar laws in Hawaii, Montana, Nevada, South Dakota, and Ohio.

neg: Montgomery bus boycott The Montgomery bus boycott, a seminal event in the Civil Rights Movement, was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama. The campaign lasted from December 5, 1955—the Monday after Rosa Parks, an African American woman, was arrested for refusing to surrender her seat to a white person—to December 20, 1956, when a federal ruling, "Browder v. Gayle", took effect, and led to a United States Supreme Court decision that declared the Alabama and Montgomery laws requiring segregated buses to be unconstitutional. Many important figures in the Civil Rights Movement took part in the boycott, including Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. and Ralph Abernathy.

neg: Franklin Bechly Franklin Bechly (1873-1965) was Iowa 6th District Judge from 1927 to 1959. Judge Bechly presided during the 1938 Maytag Corporation labor dispute. The strike by UE Local 1116 was a test of the National Labor Relations Act of 1935 against the back-to-work movement of the Maytag Corporation. The Governor of Iowa declared martial law in Newton, Iowa to break the strike, and Judge Bechly continued to preside until agreements were reached and martial law was lifted.

neg: Linder v. United States Linder v. United States, 268 U.S. 5 (1925) , is a Supreme Court case involving the applicability of the Harrison Act. The Harrison Act was originally a taxing measure on drugs such as morphine and cocaine, but it later effectively became a prohibition on such drugs. However, the Act had a provision exempting doctors prescribing the drugs. Dr. Nick Linder prescribed the drugs to addicts in Moore, Oklahoma, which the federal government said was not a legitimate medical practice. He was prosecuted and convicted. Linder appealed, and the Supreme Court unanimously overturned his conviction, holding that the federal government overstepped its power to regulate medicine. The opinion of the court was written by Justice James Clark McReynolds and states, "Obviously, direct control of medical practice in the states is beyond the power of the federal government."

neg: Food and Agriculture Act of 1965 The Food and Agricultural Act of 1965 (Pub. L. 89-321, 79 Stat. 1187), the first multiyear farm legislation, provided for four year commodity programs for wheat, feed grains, and upland cotton. It was extended for one more year through 1970 (P.L. 90 559). It authorized a Class I milk base plan for the 75 federal milk marketing orders, as well as a long term diversion of cropland under a Cropland Adjustment Program. It also continued payment and diversion programs for feed grains and cotton, and marketing certificate and diversion programs for wheat.

neg: Poverty law Poverty law is the body of law which concerns the rights of low-income individuals and families to access government benefits. In the United States, these government benefits are provided by the federal government as well as by state governments. Federal government benefits include Medicaid; cash public assistance (more commonly known as Welfare); and the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) program, previously known as the food stamps program. Poverty law frequently involves questions of administrative law, civil rights law, constitutional law, employment law, and health law.

neg: Massachusetts Bottle Bill The Massachusetts Bottle Bill (Mass. Bills H.2943/S.1588) is a container-deposit legislation dealing with recycling in the United States that originally passed in the U.S. state of Massachusetts in 1982 as the Beverage Container Recovery Law. Implemented in 1983, the law requires containers of carbonated beverages to be returnable with a minimum return value of $0.05. The bottle bill does not cover containers of non-carbonated beverages like water, tea, or sports drinks. The law also establishes the handling fee paid by distributors to redemption centers, $0.0325 per unit as of July 5, 2013, and to retailers $0.0225 per unit. As the number of non-deposit beverage containers (water, tea, sports beverages, etc.) has increased to represent over one-third of beverage containers sold, the Bottle Bill has no influence on these non-deposit containers, with the result that these containers are three times more likely to be found as litter in Massachusetts communities. Additional studies indicate that beverage containers covered by the state's container deposit system are redeemed at approximately 70% and another 9% are recycled via curbside programs. Conversely, containers that are not covered, such as bottled water, juices, and sports drinks, are recycled at approximately 25%

neg: Prohibition in the United States Prohibition in the United States was a nationwide constitutional ban on the production, importation, transportation, and sale of alcoholic beverages that remained in place from 1920 to 1933. During the 19th century, alcoholism, family violence, and saloon-based political corruption prompted activists, led by pietistic Protestants, to end the alcoholic beverage trade to cure the ill society and weaken the political opposition. One result was that many communities in the late 19th and early 20th centuries introduced alcohol prohibition, with the subsequent enforcement in law becoming a hotly debated issue. Prohibition supporters, called drys, presented it as a victory for public morals and health.

neg: Choctaw Youth Movement As the 1960s emerged, a growing sensitivity to minority rights was born, spurred by Supreme Court decisions such as Brown v. Board of Education, Gideon v. Wainwright, Loving v. Virginia and legislation including the Voting Rights Act of 1957, the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and the Fair Housing Act if 1968. Into this turbulent time, a pan-Indian movement developed predominantly with the goals of having the US government return native lands, right social ills, and provide funds for cultural education. The Red Power Movement and American Indian Movement were both born out of this pan-Indian awakening, which was, at least in the beginning, an urban phenomenon, an awareness of ones "Indian-ness" and the similarities of tribal customs. In cities, cut off from the tribe, one still experienced things that bound them to other native people because of an innate oneness of tribal behavior and kinship of tradition. After years of being told that relocation to cities would help them assimilate into the greater society, Native American experience was non-acceptance, isolation, and paternalism, which led them to each other for a sense of connection. In just such an environment, young Choctaw activists began awakening in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.

neg: National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 The National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA; Public Law 89-665; 54 U.S.C. 300101 "et seq.") is legislation intended to preserve historical and archaeological sites in the United States of America. The act created the National Register of Historic Places, the list of National Historic Landmarks, and the State Historic Preservation Offices.

neg: Poll taxes in the United States A poll tax is a tax levied as a fixed sum on every liable individual. Although often associated with states of the former Confederacy, poll taxes were also in place in some northern and western states, including California, Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New Hampshire, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Vermont and Wisconsin. Poll taxes had been a major source of government funding among the colonies which formed the United States. Poll taxes made up from one-third to one-half of the tax revenue of colonial Massachusetts. Various privileges of citizenship, including voter registration or issuance of driving licenses and resident hunting and fishing licenses, were conditioned on payment of poll taxes to encourage collection of this tax revenue. Property taxes assumed a larger share of tax revenues as land values rose when population increases encouraged settlement of the American west. Some western states found no need for poll tax requirements; but poll taxes and payment incentives remained in eastern states, and some links to voter registration were modified following the American Civil War until court action following ratification of the 24th Amendment in 1964.

neg: 1933 Banking Act The Banking Act of 1933 (Pub.L. 73–66 , 48 Stat. 162 , enacted  16, 1933 ) was a statute enacted by the United States Congress that established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) and imposed various other banking reforms. The entire law is often referred to as the Glass–Steagall Act, after its Congressional sponsors, Senator Carter Glass (D) of Virginia, and Representative Henry B. Steagall (D) of Alabama. The term Glass–Steagall Act, however, is most often used to refer to four provisions of the Banking Act of 1933 that limited commercial bank securities activities and affiliations between commercial banks and securities firms. That limited meaning of the term is described in the article on Glass–Steagall Legislation.

neg: Smith v. California Smith v. California, 361 U.S. 147 (1959), was a U.S. Supreme Court case upholding the freedom of the press. The decision deemed unconstitutional a city ordinance that made one in possession of obscene books criminally liable because it did not require proof that one had knowledge of the book’s content, and thus violated the freedom of the press guaranteed in the First Amendment. "Smith v. California" continued the Supreme Court precedent of ruling that questions of freedom of expression were protected by the Due Process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment from invasion by state action. It also established that in order for one to be criminally liable for possession of obscene material, there must be proof of one’s knowledge of the material.

neg: Indiana Code The Indiana Code is the code of laws for the U.S. state of Indiana. The contents are the codification of all the laws currently in effect within Indiana. With roots going all the way back to the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, the laws of Indiana have been revised many times. The current approach to updating Indiana Code began in 1971 when the Indiana Statute Revision Commission began a complete rearrangement. The first official edition of the Indiana Code was published in 1976, and is regularly updated through the Office of Code Revision in the Legislative Services Agency.

neg: Farmland protection Farmland protection refers to programs in the United States, operated mostly at state and local levels by government agencies or private entities such as land trusts, that are designed to limit conversion of agricultural land to other uses that otherwise might have been more financially attractive to the land owner. Every state provides tax relief through differential (preferential) assessment, and has right-to-farm laws. Less common approaches include establishing agricultural districts, using zoning to protect agricultural land, purchasing development rights, and transferring development rights.

neg: Louisiana v. United States (1965) Louisiana v. United States, 380 U.S. 145 (1965) , was a case decided by the Supreme Court of the United States that dealt with an "interpretation test" permitted by the Louisiana Constitution of 1921 alleged to deprive Louisiana Negroes of voting rights in violation of 42 U.S.C. Section 1971(a) and the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments.

neg: National Firearms Act The National Firearms Act (NFA), 73rd Congress, Sess. 2, ch. 757, 48 Stat. 1236 , enacted on June 26, 1934, currently codified as amended as , is an Act of Congress in the United States that, in general, imposes a statutory excise tax on the manufacture and transfer of certain firearms and mandates the registration of those firearms. The Act was passed shortly after the repeal of Prohibition. The NFA is also referred to as Title II of the Federal firearms laws. The Gun Control Act of 1968 ("GCA") is Title I.


query: Laura S. Walker State Park is located near a swamp that has a size of how many acres ?

pos: Laura S. Walker State Park Laura S. Walker State Park is a 626-acre (2.53 km²) Georgia state park located near Hoboken and the Okefenokee Swamp. The park is named after Laura S. Walker, a Georgia writer, teacher, civic leader, and naturalist (she is most famous for the latter). The park's location near the Okefenokee makes it home to many exotic plant and animal species, including alligators, great blue herons, and pitcher plants. The park includes a 120-acre (0.49 km²) lake and a championship 18-hole golf course plus pro shop.

pos: Okefenokee Swamp The Okefenokee Swamp is a shallow, 438,000 acre , peat-filled wetland straddling the Georgia–Florida line in the United States. A majority of the swamp is protected by the Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge and the Okefenokee Wilderness. The Okefenokee Swamp is considered to be one of the Seven Natural Wonders of Georgia. The Okefenokee is the largest "blackwater" swamp in North America.

neg: List of lakes in Ohio The following is a list of lakes in Ohio. According to the Ohio Department of Natural Resources, there are approximately 50,000 lakes and small ponds in the U.S. state of Ohio, with a total surface area of about 200,000 acre . About 2,200 of these lakes are 5 acre or greater, with a total surface area of 134,000 acre . These 2,200 include both public and private lakes. The United States Environmental Protection Agency estimated (from an electronic file generated from 1:100,000 scale maps) that Ohio has 5,130 lakes totaling 188,461 acre . The difference in the number of lakes estimated by USEPA and ODNR is likely related to numerous small ponds (high number, small acreage) not detected on the 1:100,000 scale maps.

neg: Wellesley Island State Park Wellesley Island State Park is a 2636 acre state park located on Wellesley Island in the St. Lawrence River in the Town of Orleans in Jefferson County, New York. The park is divided into sections that are on different parts of the island. It has the largest camping complex in the Thousand Islands region, including wilderness campsites on the banks of the St. Lawrence accessible only by foot or boat. The park is open year-round.

neg: Redwood National and State Parks The Redwood National and State Parks (RNSP) are old-growth temperate rainforests located in the United States, along the coast of northern California. Comprising Redwood National Park (established 1968) and California's Del Norte Coast, Jedediah Smith, and Prairie Creek Redwoods State Parks (dating from the 1920s), the combined RNSP contain 139,000 acre . Located entirely within Del Norte and Humboldt Counties, the four parks, together, protect 45% of all remaining coast redwood ("Sequoia sempervirens") old-growth forests, totaling at least 38982 acre . These trees are the tallest and one of the most massive tree species on Earth. In addition to the redwood forests, the parks preserve other indigenous flora, fauna, grassland prairie, cultural resources, portions of rivers and other streams, and 37 mi of pristine coastline.

neg: Axe Lake Swamp State Nature Preserve Axe Lake Swamp State Nature Preserve is a 458 acre nature reserve located near Barlow, Kentucky in Ballard County in an area known locally as "the Barlow bottoms", a wetland created by periodic flooding along the mouth of the Ohio River. Originally, Axe Lake consisted of 146 acre of the main lake and about 120 lots on the dryer portions of the property. These lots, the gate and an access road were maintained by a member/share-holder organization which agreed to the lake's dedication as a nature reserve on February 20, 1991. An additional 312 acre was dedicated on December 11, 2001.

neg: Lake Winnipesaukee Lake Winnipesaukee ( ) is the largest lake in the U.S. state of New Hampshire, located in the Lakes Region. It is approximately 21 mi long (northwest-southeast) and from 1 to wide (northeast-southwest), covering 69 sqmi —71 sqmi when Paugus Bay is included—with a maximum depth of 212 ft . The center area of the lake is called The Broads.

neg: Cranesville Swamp Preserve Cranesville Swamp Preserve is a 1600 acre preserve situated in Preston County, West Virginia and Garrett County, Maryland. It is one of the few remaining boreal bogs in the southern United States,

neg: Biseni Forest The Biseni Forest is a freshwater swamp forest located in the north west of Ahoada and the west of Upper Orashi Forest in the Taylor Creek floodplain of the Niger Delta. The forest has an area of 219 square kilometers (85 sq mi), a birdwatching site, with a relevant record of migratory and aquatic birds.

neg: Piney Run Park Piney Run Park is a nature park in Sykesville, Carroll County, Maryland. The park encompasses 550 acres of fields, forest and open spaces, features over 5 miles of hiking trails, a 300 acre lake and many sports and recreational facilities. Prior to being a park, this land was a private farm.

neg: Lake Murray (Oklahoma) Lake Murray is a 5,700 acre lake in south central Oklahoma, near Ardmore named for Oklahoma Governor William H. Murray. It was created by damming Anadarche and Fourche Maline Creeks. The lake is wholly within Lake Murray State Park, Oklahoma's largest state park, containing over 12,500 acres (51 km²) of relative wilderness. A state-operated lodge and resort is located on the west shore that serves many visitors to the lake, and serves as a base for numerous cabin and campground facilities near the lake.

neg: Tamarack Swamp Tamarack Swamp is a boreal (non-glacial) bog in Sproul State Forest, in Clinton County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is named for the tamarack tree, which inhabits the wetland. Numerous other species of plants and animals also inhabit the wetland. The total area of the wetland is 4000 acres. The Tamarack Swamp Natural Area is located in the wetland.

neg: Cache River (Illinois) The Cache River is a 92 mi waterway in southernmost Illinois, in a region sometimes called Little Egypt. The basin spans 737 sqmi and six counties: Alexander, Johnson, Massac, Pope, Pulaski and Union. Located at the convergence of four major physiographic regions, the river is part of the largest complex of wetlands in Illinois. The Cache River Wetlands — America's northernmost cypress/tupelo swamp — harbors 91 percent of the state’s high quality swamp and wetland communities. It provides habitat for more than 100 threatened and endangered species in Illinois. In 1996, the Cache was designated a Wetland of International Importance by the Ramsar Convention.

neg: Laurance S. Rockefeller Preserve The Laurance S. Rockefeller (LSR) Preserve is a 1106 acre refuge within Grand Teton National Park on the southern end of Phelps Lake, Wyoming. The site was originally known as the Jv Ranch, a dude ranch. Starting in 1927, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. purchased much of the land in Jackson Hole for the creation of Jackson Hole National Monument and the expansion of Grand Teton National Park. But he retained the 3100 acre JY Ranch as a family retreat. Over the years the family gave most of the ranch to the national park. Laurance S. Rockefeller donated the final parcel in 2001. The donation came with special preservation and maintenance restrictions, with the vision that the preserve remain a place where visitors can experience a spiritual and emotional connection to the beauty of the lake and the Teton Range.

neg: Blue Cypress Lake Blue Cypress Lake, originally called Lake Wilmington, is a lake in Indian River County of the Treasure Coast in Florida. It is the largest lake in the Treasure Coast and Indian River County. It is home to the origin of the St. Johns River. It is believed that the source is on the northeastern portion of the lake. The lake is over 6,500 acres (26 km²) in size, 21 mi (34 km) in circumference, and has an average depth of 8 feet (2 m). The lake is 2,100 acres (8.7 km²) larger than Lake Washington, 27 mi (43 km) north of this lake. The lake's name comes from the blue appearance of the cypress trees as the morning sun's rays reflect off the water. A fishing camp called Middletons Fishing Camp is 4 mi (6 km) off State Road 60.

neg: Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge The Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge is a 402,000‑acre (1,627 km) National Wildlife Refuge located in Charlton, Ware, and Clinch Counties of Georgia, and Baker County in Florida, United States. The refuge is administered from offices in Folkston, Georgia. The refuge was established in 1937 to protect a majority of the 438,000 acre (1,772 km) Okefenokee Swamp. The name "Okefenokee" is a Native American word meaning "trembling earth."

neg: Mud Lake (Highlands County, Florida) This particular Mud Lake is located in Highlands County, Florida. "Mud Lake" is a very common name for lakes in the United States and Canada. Possibly 1,000 lakes are named Mud Lake in these two countries. Even in Florida at least twenty-three lakes are named "Mud Lake." The Highlands Ridge website refers to the area of the lake as Paulie's Lake. The main body of this Mud Lake is oval in shape. This part of the lake measures 1,500 ft by 1,000 ft . The tail is 750 ft by 100 ft . Mud Lake's surface area is 32.5 acre . This lake more resembles a swamp than it does a lake.

neg: Lake Glenville Lake Glenville is a reservoir located 8 miles from Cashiers, North Carolinato the dam and public beach. The headwaters, at Hurricane Creek, are less than 2 miles. It was formed by the damming of the west fork of the Tuckasegee River in 1941. Between 1951 and 2002, it was officially known as "Thorpe Reservoir" after J. E. S. Thorpe, Nantahala Power's first president. It is still listed as such on many maps. The lake bottom plunges as steeply as the mountains that meet the shore. The depth a short distance from the water’s edge may register 80 ft or more. The lake also has 26 mi of shoreline and highest elevation lake east of the Mississippi encompassing 1450 acres. It is only a short twenty-minute drive from Western Carolina University, and the town of Sylva.

neg: Zekiah Swamp Zekiah Swamp is part of the Potomac River basin in Charles County, Maryland in the United States. The swamp is 21 mi of braided stream stretching the length of Charles County and is a tributary of the Potomac River. It sits at an elevation of 3 ft and 450 acre of its southern end is protected as the Zekiah Swamp Natural Environment Area. The Maryland Department of Natural Resources has the authority to purchase an additional 5000 acre for the park. Charles County has moved to protect an additional 65000 acre of the wetland. The headwaters of the swamp are protected as part of Cedarville State Forest. It was first accurately surveyed by John Henry Alexander, Maryland's official cartographer, in 1835, as "Allen's Fresh".

neg: Swamp People Swamp People is an American reality series that was first broadcast on History on August 22, 2010. The show follows the day-to-day activities of Louisiana natives living in the swamps of the Atchafalaya River Basin who hunt American alligators for a living.

neg: White Lake Wetlands Conservation Area White Lake Wetlands Conservation Area (WLWCA), officially the White Lake Property, is a 71,905 acre tract of protected area located 7.4 miles south of Gueydan at the south end of Louisiana Highway 91 in Vermilion Parish, Louisiana.

neg: George L. Smith State Park George L. Smith State Park is a 1634 acre Georgia state park located in Emanuel County. The park is named after George L. Smith, a former speaker of the Georgia House of Representatives and Emanuel County native. Attractions include a grist mill, covered bridge, and the dam of the Watson Mill (built 1880). The park's location on a 412 acre mill pond dotted with many cypress trees makes it popular with anglers and canoeists. The moderately-sized state park is in a remote location, making it attractive for bird watchers and naturalists. Rare birds in residence include the great blue heron and the white ibis.