query: Groote Schuur Hospital is a large, government-funded, teaching hospital situated on the slopes of Devil's Peak in the city of Cape Town, South Africa, it's famous for being the institution where the first human-to-human heart transplant took place, conducted by University of Cape Town-educated surgeon Christiaan Barnard on the patient Louis Washkansky, he was a South African man who was the recipient of the world's first human-to-human heart transplant, and the first patient to regain consciousness following the operation, and lived for how many days?

pos: Groote Schuur Hospital Groote Schuur Hospital is a large, government-funded, teaching hospital situated on the slopes of Devil's Peak in the city of Cape Town, South Africa. It was founded in 1938 and is famous for being the institution where the first human-to-human heart transplant took place, conducted by University of Cape Town-educated surgeon Christiaan Barnard on the patient Louis Washkansky.

pos: Louis Washkansky Louis Washkansky (1913 – 21 December 1967) was a South African man who was the recipient of the world's first human-to-human heart transplant, and the first patient to regain consciousness following the operation. Mr. Washkansky lived for 18 days and was able to speak with his wife and reporters.

neg: Kenyatta National Hospital The Kenyatta National Hospital is the oldest hospital in Kenya. It is a public, tertiary, referral hospital for the Ministry of Health. It is also the teaching hospital of the University of Nairobi College of Health Sciences. It is the largest hospital in the country.

neg: Richard Herrick Richard J. Herrick (June 15, 1931 – March 14, 1963) was the world's first recipient of a successful human organ transplant, receiving a kidney from his identical twin brother Ronald Lee Herrick in an operation performed by Joseph Murray in 1954.

neg: Cecilia Makiwane Hospital Cecilia Makiwane Hospital (CMH) is a large, provincial, government funded hospital situated in the Mdantsane township of East London, Eastern Cape in South Africa. It is a tertiary teaching hospital and forms part of the East London Hospital Complex with Frere Hospital. It is named after Cecilia Makiwane, the first African woman to become a professional nurse in South Africa.

neg: K. P. Haridas K. P. Haridas is an Indian surgeon, specializing in minimally invasive surgeries and the founder Chairman of Lords Hospital, a super specialty healthcare centre located in Thiruvananthapuram. He is credited with the performance of the first successful liver resection at the Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram.

neg: Ivan Toms Ivan Toms (11 July 1952 – 25 March 2008) was a South African physician, who battled the Apartheid era government as a prominent anti-Apartheid and anti-conscription activist. At the time of his death in 2008, Toms was serving as the Director of Health for the city of Cape Town, South Africa.

neg: Observatory, Cape Town Observatory is a suburb in Cape Town, South Africa that is bordered by Mowbray to the south, and Salt River to the northwest. Known affectionately as Obs, the area is best known as a student neighbourhood, most of the students attending the University of Cape Town located close by. It is also the home of the South African Astronomical Observatory headquarters as well as Groote Schuur Hospital.

neg: Bedford Provincial Hospital (Eastern Cape) Bedford Provincial Hospital is a Provincial government funded hospital in the Nxuba Local Municipality area of Bedford, Eastern Cape in South Africa.

neg: Pholosong Hospital Pholosong Hospital is located in Tsakane, Gauteng, South Africa. The hospital serves a population of 900,000 from Tsakane, Kwa-Thema and Duduza.

neg: Atkinson Morley Hospital Atkinson Morley Hospital (AMH) was located at Copse Hill, Wimbledon, London, SW20, England from 1869 until 2003. The hospital was noted as one of the most advanced brain surgery centres in the world, and in particular for the first use of computed tomography (CT) on a human being on October 1, 1971 by Godfrey Hounsfield for which he was awarded the 1979 Nobel Prize in Medicine.

neg: Clint Hallam Clint Hallam (born in New Zealand) was the first recipient of a human hand transplant.

neg: Duncan Village Day Hospital Duncan Village Day Hospital is a Provincial government funded day hospital situated Braelyn in East London, Eastern Cape in South Africa. Patients are attended to by doctors as well as registered nurse practitioners.

neg: Peter Medawar Sir Peter Brian Medawar {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} ( ; 28 February 1915 – 2 October 1987) was a British biologist born in Brazil, whose work on graft rejection and the discovery of acquired immune tolerance was fundamental to the practice of tissue and organ transplants. For his works in immunology he is regarded as the "father of transplantation". He is remembered for his wit in real life and popular writings. Famous zoologists such as Richard Dawkins, referred to him as "the wittiest of all scientific writers", and Stephen Jay Gould, as "the cleverest man I have ever known".

neg: Alexandra Hospital (Cape Town) The Alexandra Hospital is a specialist mental health care hospital in Cape Town, South Africa. It provides care for mental health issues and intellectual disability.

neg: Dr George Mukhari Hospital Dr George Mukari Hospital is an Academic Hospital situated in the north of Pretoria near the township of Ga-Rankuwa. The previous name was Ga-Rankuwa Hospital. It is a teaching facility for the Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University(SMU) formerly known as Medical University of Southern Africa(Medunsa)/University of Limpopo Medunsa Campus

neg: Cecil Helman Cecil Helman (born 4 January 1944 in Cape Town, South Africa, died 15 June 2009) was a South African doctor, author, and medical anthropologist. He published poetry, essays, and short stories, as well as academic books and papers.

neg: Margaret Allen Margaret Allen (born 1948) is an American cardiothoracic surgeon and an academic at the Benaroya Research Institute. She was the first woman to perform a heart transplant and is a former president of the United Network for Organ Sharing.

neg: Isabelle Dinoire Isabelle Dinoire (1967 – 22 April 2016) was a French woman who was the first person to undergo a partial face transplant, after her Labrador retriever mauled her in May 2005. She underwent a 15-hour operation in November 2005 in which surgeons transplanted the nose, lips and chin from a brain-dead donor at a hospital in Amiens. She died at age 49 in April 2016, though her death was not announced until more than four months later.

neg: Face transplant A face transplant is a medical procedure to replace all or part of a person's face using tissue from a cadaver. The world's first partial face transplant on a living human was carried out in France in 2005. The world's first full face transplant was completed in Spain in 2010. Turkey, France, the United States and Spain (in order of total number of successful face transplants performed) are considered the leading countries in the research into the procedure.

neg: Uitenhage Provincial Hospital Uitenhage Provincial Hospital is a Provincial government funded hospital in Uitenhage, Eastern Cape, South Africa.

neg: Marius Barnard (surgeon) Marius Stephanus Barnard (November 3, 1927 – November 14, 2014) was a South African cardiac surgeon and inventor of critical illness insurance.


query: Which pizza chain began in 1979 with an outlet called Red Devil Pizza - Pizza Factory or California Pizza Kitchen?

pos: Pizza Factory Pizza Factory Inc. is a chain of pizza restaurants in the western United States, based in Oakhurst, California. The company began in 1979, when Danny Wheeler and his wife Carol opened Danny's Red Devil Pizza in Oakhurst. Ron Willey and his wife Joyce subsequently opened a second location in 1981, known as Pizza Factory.

pos: California Pizza Kitchen California Pizza Kitchen, known within the food industry as CPK, is a polished casual dining restaurant chain that specializes in California-style pizza. The restaurant was started in 1985 by attorneys Rick Rosenfield and Larry Flax in Beverly Hills, California, United States.

neg: The Original Italian Pie The Original Italian Pie is a chain of informal Italian-American restaurants. It was founded in 1992 by Musa Ulusan and his wife Fatima. Their first restaurant was located on Bienville Street in New Orleans, Louisiana. The menu consists of pizzas, salads, sandwiches and calzones.

neg: Paradise Bakery & Café Paradise Bakery & Café is a Scottsdale, Arizona-based chain of bakery–café quick casual restaurants predominantly located in the western and southwestern United States. It was independently established in 1976; as of 2009, it is wholly owned by Panera Bread. As of early 2012, it operates 60 stores in 9 states.

neg: Cicis Cicis (formerly named CiCi's Pizza) is an American buffet restaurant chain based in Coppell, Texas, specializing in pizza. There are approximately 500 franchised and corporately owned restaurants in 35 states. In November 2015, the company began a new marketing campaign which included the renaming of the company to Cicis, along with the addition of a new logo and redesigned website. The campaign is aimed at proving that Cicis has more to offer than just pizza.

neg: List of pizza chains of the United States This is a list of pizza chains of the United States. This list is limited to pizza chain restaurants that are based, headquartered or originated in the United States.

neg: The Chicago Pizza Pie Factory The Chicago Pizza Pie Factory was a chain of pizza restaurants. The chain originated in Crown Passage (off Pall Mall) as The Chicago Pizza Pie Factory and was started by entrepreneur Bob Payton in 1976-7. The London establishment also had a bar. This was the start of a series of restaurants forming the My Kinda Town chain. The chain opened restaurants in places such as Paris and Barcelona, where they operated successfully for several decades. The Paris site now houses a Burger King.

neg: Capriotti's Capriotti's is a Las Vegas-based fast casual restaurant chain located in the United States. The restaurant chain was founded in Wilmington, Delaware in 1976. Capriotti's has 106 company-owned and franchise locations in 16 states, including the District of Columbia.

neg: Hot Dog on a Stick Hot Dog on a Stick, is a fast food company that was founded by Dave Barham in Santa Monica, California. It is known for its signature made-to-order stick items, fresh hand-stomped lemonade and the colorful uniforms that the employees wear. It was founded in Santa Monica, California in 1946, and later branched out into malls and shopping centers. In 2014, the company was purchased by Global Franchise Group (the strategic brand management company behind Great American Cookies, Marble Slab Creamery, and Pretzelmaker.) based in Atlanta, GA. Under GFG, the brand has opened new locations across the country and moved into the franchising space.

neg: Sierra Nevada Brewing Company Sierra Nevada Brewing Co. was established in 1979 by homebrewers Ken Grossman and Paul Camusi in Chico, California, United States. Sierra Nevada Brewing is one of the top breweries operating in the United States. As of 2016, it is the seventh-largest brewing company in the United States. The brewery produced in 2010.

neg: Pizza party A pizza party is a social gathering at which pizza is served. It is also a recognized political designation in the United States state of Massachusetts, in which case each word begins with a capital letter (Pizza Party).

neg: Pizza of Death Records Pizza of Death is a Japanese record label based in Tokyo, Japan, and was founded by Hi-Standard front man Ken Yokoyama. It was created in 1994 as a record label inside a record label (Fat Wreck Chords), and officially established itself as fully independent in 1999 with the release of Hi-Standard's "Making the Road". The label currently holds 19 bands, 5 of which are based in The United States and Europe. One of these is "Me First and the Gimme Gimmes", which is associated with several well-known American punk musicians from the United States, including producer and bassist Fat Mike of NOFX.

neg: Papa Murphy's Papa Murphy's, a business based in Vancouver, Washington, United States, is a take-and-bake pizza company. It began in 1995 as the merger of two take-and-bake pizza companies: Papa Aldo's Pizza (founded in 1981) and Murphy's Pizza (founded in 1981). The company and its franchisees operate more than 1,300 outlets in the United States and Canada. Papa Murphy's is the fifth-largest pizza chain in the United States.

neg: MOD Pizza MOD Pizza is a fast casual pizza restaurant chain based in the United States. Founded in Seattle, Washington in 2008, MOD has more than 200 locations in the United States and United Kingdom. MOD is a company that is claimed by its owners to be "more about the people than the pizza" and to focus on paying living wages and providing employees with opportunities to give back to the community.

neg: Pasta Bravo Pasta Bravo was a fast casual restaurant of Irvine, California. At its height, Pasta Bravo operated 16 restaurants throughout the Orange and San Diego counties.

neg: Pizza in China The presence of pizza restaurant chains has contributed to a significant increase in pizza consumption in China. This also had an effect of introducing cheese as a culinary ingredient and everyday food in China, which was relatively uncommon in Chinese cuisine prior to the emergence of pizza chains. Pizza Hut opened its first store in China in 1990, and several pizza restaurant chains exist in China today.

neg: Randy's Donuts Randy's Donuts is a bakery and landmark building in Inglewood, California, near Los Angeles International Airport, in a style that dates to a period in the early 20th century that saw a proliferation of programmatic architecture throughout Southern California. This style had its heyday from the mid-1920s to the mid-1930s. By the 1950s however, the trend of designing structures in the shape of the product sold there had changed to focus on signs rather than architecture itself. Randy's is represented by a giant doughnut on the roof of an otherwise ordinary drive-in that is a dedicated doughnut bakery. The building was designed by Henry J. Goodwin.

neg: Bob Payton Robert Michael Payton (25 May 1944 13 July 1994) was an American marketing man, restaurateur and hotelier. He is known for starting a chain of American-style restaurants in London in the 1970s, starting with The Chicago Pizza Pie Factory.

neg: Papa John's Pizza Papa John's Pizza is an American restaurant franchise company. It runs the third largest take-out and pizza delivery restaurant chain in the United States, with headquarters in Jeffersontown, Kentucky, a suburb of Louisville.

neg: Sprinkles Cupcakes Sprinkles Cupcakes is a Beverly Hills, California-based cupcake bakery chain established in 2005. It is considered one of the first cupcake bakeries.

neg: Pizza Schmizza Pizza Schmizza is an American pizza chain with 23 locations throughout the Portland, Oregon area, and two in southern Oregon. Pizza Schmizza, primarily selling thin crust pizza by-the-slice.

neg: Piccadilly Pub Piccadilly Pub was a chain of casual dining restaurants headquartered in the US state of Massachusetts. The first Piccadilly Pub restaurant was opened by William C. Martin in 1973 in the town of Westborough, Massachusetts.


query: How many episodes did the South Park season featuring the episode "Casa Bonita" have?

pos: Casa Bonita (South Park) "Casa Bonita" is the eleventh episode of the seventh season of the American animated television series "South Park", and the 107th episode of the series overall. It first aired on Comedy Central in the United States on November 12, 2003. In the episode, Cartman misleads Butters into going missing in order to gain an invitation to Kyle's birthday party. The titular restaurant in the episode is based on the real-life Casa Bonita, a chain of Mexican-themed restaurants in Denver, Colorado.

pos: South Park (season 7) Season seven of "South Park", an American animated television series created by Trey Parker and Matt Stone, began airing on March 19, 2003. The seventh season concluded after 15 episodes on December 17, 2003, and was written and directed by Trey Parker.

neg: Members Only (South Park) "Members Only" is the eighth episode in the twentieth season of the American animated television series "South Park". The 275th episode of the series overall, it first aired on Comedy Central in the United States on November 16, 2016.

neg: Futurama (season 3) The third season of "Futurama" began airing in 2001 and concluded after 22 episodes in 2002. The entire season is included within the Volume Three DVD box set, which was released on March 9, 2004.

neg: Family Guy (season 2) The second season of the animated comedy series "Family Guy" aired on Fox from September 23, 1999 to August 1, 2000, and consisted of 21 episodes. The series follows the dysfunctional Griffin family—father Peter, mother Lois, daughter Meg, son Chris, baby Stewie and their anthropomorphic dog Brian, all of whom reside in their hometown of Quahog. The show features the voices of series creator Seth MacFarlane, Alex Borstein, Seth Green, Lacey Chabert and later Mila Kunis in the roles of the Griffin family. The executive producers for the second production season were David Zuckerman and MacFarlane; the aired season also contained eight episodes which were holdovers from season one.

neg: The Return of Chef "The Return of Chef" is the first episode in the tenth season of the American animated television series "South Park". The 140th episode of the series overall, it first aired on Comedy Central in the United States on March 22, 2006. The episode was the first after the departure of actor Isaac Hayes, who voiced the character Chef. Hayes, a Scientologist, left after a falling-out with the creators over their treatment of Scientology in the previous season's episode "Trapped in the Closet". Scientology has been accused of using brainwashing techniques, and the episode portrays Chef as having been brainwashed.

neg: Workaholics (season 6) The sixth season of "Workaholics" premiered on Comedy Central on January 14 and concluded on March 17, 2016 with a total of 10 episodes.

neg: Saturday Night Live (season 28) The twenty-eighth season of "Saturday Night Live", an American sketch comedy series, originally aired in the United States on NBC between October 5, 2002, and May 17, 2003.

neg: Arrested Development (season 1) The first season of the television comedy series "Arrested Development" aired between November 2, 2003 and June 6, 2004, on Fox in the United States. It consisted of 22 episodes, each running approximately 22 minutes in length. The first season was released on DVD in region 1 on October 19, 2004, in region 2 on March 21, 2005 and in region 4 on February 23, 2005.

neg: Workaholics (season 4) The fourth season of "Workaholics" premiered on Comedy Central at 10/9c on January 22 and concluded on April 16, 2014 with a total of 13 episodes.

neg: Sponsored Content (South Park) "Sponsored Content" is the eighth episode of the nineteenth season and the 265th overall episode of the animated television series "South Park", written and directed by the series co-creator Trey Parker, and is also the first episode of a three-episode story arc that serves as the season finale. The episode premiered on Comedy Central on November 18, 2015. It parodies the abundance of online advertising, native advertising and clickbaits while humorously linking them to artificial intelligence, while continuing its season-long lampoon of political correctness. The story arc of this episode continues into the following episode "Truth and Advertising" and concludes with the episode "PC Principal Final Justice".

neg: Saturday Night Live (season 12) The twelfth season of "Saturday Night Live", an American sketch comedy series, originally aired in the United States on NBC between October 11, 1986, and May 23, 1987.

neg: List of Notes from the Underbelly episodes The following is an episode list for the situation comedy "Notes from the Underbelly". The program premiered on April 12, 2007 in the United States on ABC. The show was renewed for a second season that began airing on November 26, 2007. The second season was to consist of the remaining five unaired Season 1 episodes along with 13 produced Season 2 episodes totaling 18 episodes. However due to the writers' strike only ten of the 13 episodes for the second season were able to be produced, which would have totaled 15 episodes for the second season, but in the end only seven aired.

neg: It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia (season 10) The tenth season of the American comedy television series "It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia" premiered on FXX on January 14, 2015. The season consists of 10 episodes and concluded on March 18, 2015. The tenth season was released on DVD in region 1 on January 5, 2016.

neg: Obama Wins! "Obama Wins!" is the fourteenth and final episode of the sixteenth season of the American animated sitcom "South Park", and the 237th episode of the series overall. It premiered on Comedy Central in the United States on November 7, 2012. The episode centers upon a secret that Eric Cartman is harboring that may alter the outcome of the 2012 U.S. Presidential election, and also references the erstwhile recent sale of Lucasfilm to the Walt Disney Company, and the narration work of Morgan Freeman, a parodied version of whom appears in the story.

neg: South Park (season 6) Season six of "South Park", an American animated television series created by Trey Parker and Matt Stone, began airing on March 6, 2002. The sixth season concluded after 17 episodes on December 11, 2002. This season is notable for being the only one without Kenny as a main character, as he was written off in the previous season. Kenny, however, plays a part in some episodes without appearing and returns at the conclusion of the final episode.

neg: Parks and Recreation (season 4) The fourth season of "Parks and Recreation" originally aired in the United States on the NBC television network, and began on September 22, 2011, and ended on May 8, 2012. The season contained 22 episodes.

neg: Robot Chicken (season 5) The fifth season of the stop-motion television series "Robot Chicken" originally aired in the United States on Cartoon Network's late night programming block, Adult Swim. Season five officially began on December 12, 2010, on Adult Swim, with "Robot Chicken's DP Christmas Special", and contained a total of twenty episodes.

neg: List of Codename: Kids Next Door episodes This is a list of episodes of the American animated television series "", broadcast on Cartoon Network. Each season consists of 13 episodes, most of which are composed of two 11-minute stories, making 26 segments in all. There are also several full-length 22 minute episodes. Each title is in the form of an acronym that gives the viewer clues as to what the plot is. "Codename: Kids Next Door" debuted on December 6, 2002, and ended on January 21, 2008. There are a total of 78 episodes.

neg: Bass to Mouth "Bass to Mouth" is the tenth episode of the fifteenth season of the American animated television series "South Park", and the 219th episode overall. It first aired on Comedy Central in the United States on October 19, 2011. Much of the episode's plot alludes to WikiLeaks and its surrounding controversy.

neg: Dead Celebrities "Dead Celebrities" is the eighth episode of the thirteenth season of the American animated television series "South Park". The 189th overall episode of the series, it originally aired on Comedy Central in the United States on October 7, 2009. In the episode, Ike is haunted by the ghosts of dead celebrities until Michael Jackson, who refuses to accept death, possesses him.

neg: Terror Tales of the Park II "Terror Tales of the Park II" is the fourth and fifth episode of "Regular Show"<nowiki>'</nowiki> fourth season. It originally aired on Cartoon Network in the United States on October 15, 2012. This is the second episode of their annual Halloween specials and the third half-hour episode of the series overall.


query: Philip Saville and Lee Robinson, are British?

pos: Philip Saville Philip Saville (sometimes credited as Philip Savile, 28 October 1930 – 22 December 2016) was a British television and film director, screenwriter and former actor whose career lasted half a century. The British Film Institute's Screenonline website has described Saville as "one of Britain's most prolific and pioneering television and film directors".

pos: Lee Robinson (director) Lee Robinson (22 February 1923 – 22 September 2003) was an Australian producer, director and screenwriter who was Australia's most prolific filmmaker of the 1950s.

neg: Phil Robinson (footballer, born 1942) Philip "Phil" Robinson (21 November 1942 – 1989) was an English professional footballer who played as a winger. Active in the Football League between 1960 and 1970, Robinson made 300 career appearances, scoring 31 goals.

neg: Sarah Cawood Sarah Louise Cawood (born 7 August 1972 in St Pancras, London) is an English broadcaster. Cawood is currently out of work after deciding to focus on her family.

neg: Tony Lee (disambiguation) Tony Lee (born 1970) is a British comics writer.

neg: Philip Lindsey Clark Philip Lindsey Clark (1889–1977) was an English sculptor.

neg: Charles Napier Robinson Charles Napier Robinson (27 January 1849 – 14 September 1936) was an English journalist and story writer. After a career in the Royal Navy, during which he achieved the rank of Commander, he became a journalist, specialising in naval matters.

neg: Malcolm Robinson Sir Hugh Malcolm Robinson CB ISO (12 February 1857 – 27 August 1933) was Chief Inspector of Factories of the British Government from 1917 to 1920.

neg: Tim Robinson (cricketer) Robert Timothy "Tim" Robinson (born 21 November 1958) is a former English cricketer, and current cricket umpire who played in 29 Tests and 26 ODIs for England from 1984 to 1989.

neg: Barry Boom Barry Boom (born Paul Robinson) is a reggae singer and record producer from London.

neg: Simon Wallace Simon Wallace (born 1957) is a British composer and pianist.

neg: Lucien Laviscount Lucien Leon Laviscount (born 9 June 1992) is a British actor and recording artist best known for his portrayal of Jonah Kirby on popular BBC One drama "Waterloo Road".

neg: Paul Sabapathy Paul Chandrasekharan Sabapathy CVO CBE is a retired British accountant and business manager, of Indian origin, and was Lord Lieutenant of the West Midlands of England, from 2007 until his resignation in September 2015. He was the first non-white Lord Lieutenant in the United Kingdom.

neg: Eric Gascoigne Robinson Rear Admiral Eric Gascoigne Robinson (16 May 1882 – 20 August 1965) was a Royal Navy officer and an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. He earned his award by going ashore and single-handedly destroying a Turkish naval gun battery while a lieutenant commander with the fleet stationed off the Dardanelles during the Gallipoli campaign in the First World War.

neg: Lee Howard (journalist) Leon Alexander Lee Howard (1914–1978), known as Lee Howard, was a British newspaper editor.

neg: Lawrence Lee Lawrence Stanley Lee (18 September 1909 – 25 April 2011) was a British stained glass artist whose work spanned the latter half of the 20th century. He was best known for leading the project to create ten huge windows for the nave of the new Coventry Cathedral. His other work includes windows at Guildford and Southwark Cathedrals as well as a great number of works elsewhere in the UK, and some in Canada, Australia and New Zealand.

neg: Geoff Robinson (cricketer) Geoffrey Robinson (13 January 1944 – 10 June 2015) was an English cricketer. Robinson was a left-handed batsman who fielded as a wicket-keeper. When required, he could also bowl slow left-arm orthodox. The son of Geoffrey Robinson Sr., he was born in Bridlington, Yorkshire.

neg: Jack Lee (film director) Wilfred John Raymond "Jack" Lee (27 January 1913 – 15 October 2002) was a British film director, screenwriter, editor and producer.

neg: Lee Warburton Lee Warburton (born 27 June 1971, Cheshire, England) is a British actor, known for several ongoing television roles.

neg: Robinsons (drink) Robinsons is an English fruit drink brand owned by Britvic. Robinsons has a royal warrant from Queen Elizabeth II and was an independent company until 1995 when it was acquired by Britvic. The Robinsons range includes Fruit Shoot, Fruit Squash, No Added Sugar Fruit Squash, Fruit & Barley, Barley Water, Select and Squash'd; the range formerly also included Fruit Spring. For the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II, Strawberry and Cream was added to the range.

neg: Lee Scott (politician) Lee Scott (born 6 April 1956) is a British Conservative Party politician. He was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Ilford North from 2005 until his defeat at the 2015 general election. Scott is an officer of the Conservative Friends of Israel.

neg: W. Sydney Robinson W. Sydney Robinson (born 16 April 1986) is a British biographer and book reviewer. He was educated at Harrow School, the University of Manchester and the University of Cambridge, where he was a Research Associate between 2013 and 2015.


query: In what conference is the University that had a coach born on September 9th, 1960?

pos: 2016 Oklahoma Sooners football team The 2016 Oklahoma Sooners football team represented the University of Oklahoma in the 2016 NCAA Division I FBS football season, the 122nd season of Sooner football. The team was led by two-time Walter Camp Coach of the Year Award winner, Bob Stoops, in his 18th season as head coach. They played their home games at Gaylord Family Oklahoma Memorial Stadium in Norman, Oklahoma. They are a charter member of the Big 12 Conference.

pos: Bob Stoops Robert Anthony Stoops (born September 9, 1960) is a former American college football coach. He is the former head football coach at the University of Oklahoma, a position he held from 1999 until he announced his retirement June 7, 2017. During the 2000 season, Stoops led the Sooners to an Orange Bowl victory and a national championship.

neg: Missouri State Bears basketball The Missouri State Bears basketball team is the NCAA Division I men's basketball program of Missouri State University in Springfield, Missouri. The Bears compete in the Missouri Valley Conference. They are currently coached by Paul Lusk, who was hired April 1, 2011. Missouri State plays its home games at the 11,000 seat JQH Arena. The Bears have been a Division I school since the 1982–83 season. Prior to 2005, the school was known as Southwest Missouri State. Prior to joining Division I, they were members of the NAIA, winning national championships in 1952 and 1953, and NCAA Division II, where they were the national runner-up four times (1959, 1967, 1969, 1974). They were also champions of the 2010 CollegeInsider.com Tournament.

neg: 1960 Miami Hurricanes football team The 1960 Miami Hurricanes football team represented the University of Miami for the 1960 college football season. The Hurricanes played their home games at the Miami Orange Bowl in Miami, Florida. The team was coached by Andy Gustafson, in his thirteenth year as head coach for the Hurricanes.

neg: Clay Hendrix Clayton David Hendrix (born July 16, 1963) is an American football coach and former player. He is the head football coach at Furman University, a position he assumed in December 2016.

neg: 1958–59 Wisconsin Badgers men's basketball team The 1958–1959 Wisconsin Badgers men's basketball team represented University of Wisconsin–Madison. The head coach was Harold E. Foster, coaching his twentyfifth season with the Badgers. The team played their home games at the UW Fieldhouse in Madison, Wisconsin and was a member of the Big Ten Conference.

neg: 1960 TCU Horned Frogs football team The 1960 TCU Horned Frogs football team represented Texas Christian University (TCU) in the 1960 college football season. The Horned Frogs finished the season 4–4–2 overall and 3–3–1 in the Southwest Conference. The team was coached by Abe Martin in his eighth year as head coach. The Frogs played their home games in Amon G. Carter Stadium, which is located on campus in Fort Worth, Texas.

neg: Turner Gill Turner Hillery Gill (born August 13, 1962) is an American football coach and former player. He is currently the head football coach at Liberty University. Gill's previous coaching job was as the head coach at University of Kansas from 2010–2011, and at the University at Buffalo before that. He was one of 11 black head coaches in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision at the time of his hiring.

neg: Southern Miss Golden Eagles football The Southern Miss Golden Eagles football program represents the University of Southern Mississippi in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision. The Eagles are members of Conference USA and play their home games at M. M. Roberts Stadium in Hattiesburg, Mississippi.

neg: 1960 Purdue Boilermakers football team The 1960 Purdue Boilermakers football team was an American football team that represented Purdue University during the 1960 Big Ten Conference football season. In their fifth season under head coach Jack Mollenkopf, the Boilermakers compiled a 4–4–1 record, finished in a four-way tie for fifth place in the Big Ten Conference with a 3–4 record against conference opponents, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 212 to 163.

neg: Paul Shaffner Paul Shaffner (born September 3, 1960) is an American football coach and former player. He is currently the defensive coordinator and inside linebacker coach at Colgate University Shaffner served as the head football coach at Glenville State College from 2000 to 2003 and at Buffalo State College from 2004 to 2008.

neg: Keith Burns (American football coach) Melvin Keith Burns (born September 26, 1960) is an American football coach. He served as head football coach at the University of Tulsa from 2000 to 2002, compiling an overall college football record of seven wins and 28 losses. Burns has also been the defensive coordinator at Pacific, USC, University of Arkansas and San Jose State. While at Arkansas in 1998, Burns was a finalist for the Broyles Award, given annually to the nation's top college football assistant coach. He was also an assistant special teams coach for the Oakland Raiders of the National Football League (NFL). After serving as assistant head coach and defensive coordinator for Archbishop Mitty High School in San Jose, Burns was promoted to head coach effective for 2015.

neg: Missouri Tigers football statistical leaders The Missouri Tigers football statistical leaders are individual statistical leaders of the Missouri Tigers football program in various categories, including passing, rushing, receiving, total offense, defensive stats, and kicking. Within those areas, the lists identify single-game, single-season and career leaders. The Tigers represent the University of Missouri in the NCAA's Southeastern Conference.

neg: Fairfield Stags men's basketball The Fairfield Stags men's basketball team represents Fairfield University in Fairfield, Connecticut and competes in the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference of NCAA Division I. The Stags play their home games in the 9,500-seat, state-of-the-art Webster Bank Arena in Bridgeport, Connecticut and play two games per season in Alumni Hall back on the campus of Fairfield University. The team is currently coached by Sydney Johnson, the 2011 Ivy League Coach of the Year.

neg: Tim Buckley (basketball) Tim Buckley (born September 10, 1963) is a college basketball coach.

neg: Vic Shealy Victor Dalmuth Shealy (born July 14, 1961) is an American football coach and former player. He is currently the head coach at Houston Baptist University. He was the defensive coordinator and cornerbacks coach at the University of Kansas. Shealy joined the coaching staff at Kansas in December 2009. From 1995 to 1998, Shealy served as the head football coach at Azusa Pacific University, compiling a record of 27–14–1. In 1998, he coached the team to the NAIA Football National Championship. For his efforts that season, Shealy was named the NAIA Coach of the Year and the American Football Quarterly Schutt National Coach of the Year.

neg: Utah State Aggies men's basketball The Utah State Aggies are a Division I men's college basketball team that plays in the Mountain West Conference, representing Utah State University. In the 17 years that former coach Stew Morrill was at the helm, Utah State had the 4th highest winning percentage in the nation at home, behind only Duke, Kansas, and Gonzaga. As of the end of the 2010–2011 season, the Aggies have an all-time record of 1,458–1,006 (.592).

neg: 2008 Toledo Rockets football team The 2008 Toledo Rockets football team represented the University of Toledo during the 2008 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Toledo competed as a member of the West Division of the Mid-American Conference (MAC). The Rockets were led by Tom Amstutz in his eighth and final year as head coach.

neg: Steve Ensminger Steve Ensminger (born September 15, 1958) is an American football coach. He is the Tight Ends coach at Louisiana State University (LSU).

neg: Denver Pioneers men's basketball The Denver Pioneers men's basketball team represents the University of Denver and competes in the NCAA Division I men's college basketball in Denver, Colorado. They are coached by second year head coach Rodney Billups and are members of the Summit League. They play their home games at Magness Arena.

neg: Moe Iba Henry "Moe" Iba Jr. (born May 31, 1939) is an American basketball coach. He coached the University of Memphis from 1966 to 1970, the University of Nebraska–Lincoln from 1980 to 1986, and Texas Christian University from 1987 to 1994.

neg: Bo Overton Glenn "Bo" Overton (born July 9, 1960) is an American basketball coach who is currently the head women's basketball coach at Oklahoma City University. Prior to OCU, he was coaching in the Women's Chinese Basketball Association.


query: Are Malfunkshun and Manic Street Preachers both in the same genre of music?

pos: Malfunkshun Malfunkshun is an alternative rock band formed on Easter Sunday in 1980 by Andrew Wood and his brother Kevin Wood and is often recognized as one of the "Founding Fathers of the grunge scene" or the "Godfathers of Grunge". They formed around the same time bands such as The U-Men (1981), Melvins (1983), Green River (1984) and Soundgarden (1984).

pos: Manic Street Preachers Manic Street Preachers are a Welsh alternative rock band, formed in 1986 in Blackwood, Caerphilly and consisting of James Dean Bradfield (lead vocals, lead guitar), Nicky Wire (bass guitar, lyrics) and Sean Moore (drums, percussion). They are often colloquially known as the Manics. Following the release of their first single, "Suicide Alley", the band was joined by Richey Edwards as co-lyricist and rhythm guitarist. The band's early albums were in a punk vein, eventually broadening to a greater alternative rock sound, whilst retaining a leftist politicisation. Their early combination of androgynous glam imagery and lyrics about "culture, alienation, boredom and despair" has gained them a loyal following and cult status.

neg: The Ghosts of Christmas "The Ghost of Christmas" is a song by the Welsh rock band Manic Street Preachers. It was released during Christmas time as a gift to the fans and the community of the band.

neg: Some Kind of Nothingness Some Kind of Nothingness is a song by Manic Street Preachers and the second single from their tenth album Postcards from a Young Man. It features Echo & the Bunnymen frontman Ian McCulloch. The single entered the UK singles chart at number 44, making it the first ever Manics single to not make the Top 40 since they signed to Sony in 1991.

neg: Sleaford Mods Sleaford Mods are an English electronic punk music duo formed in 2007 in Nottingham. The band features vocalist Jason Williamson and, since 2012, musician Andrew Fearn. They are known for their abrasive, minimalist musical style and embittered explorations of austerity-era Britain, culture, and working class life, delivered in Williamson's thick East Midlands accent. The duo have released several albums to critical praise.

neg: Preachers from Outer Space! Preachers from Outer Space! is a 1994 live album by rock band Daniel Amos, released on Stunt Records.

neg: Hazen Street (album) Hazen Street is the eponymous debut by the band of the same name. Borne out of an original collaboration between Morse and Kennedy and named for the address of the N.Y.C. prison in which ex-Madball vocalist Cricien did a stint, the band mixed hard-hitting contemporary hardcore with metal, rap-rock, and pop overtones. Hazen Street signed with Benji and Joel Madden's Epic-distributed DC Flag imprint in 2003 and set to work on their debut with producer Howard Benson. Guitarist Chad Gilbert of New Found Glory also performed on the record, but commitments to NFG kept him from touring in support with Hazen Street. The self-titled effort was then issued in July 2004.

neg: Cro-Mags The Cro-Mags are an American hardcore punk turned crossover thrash band from New York City. The band, which had a strong cult following, has released five studio albums, their first two considered the most influential. With a Hare Krishna background, they were among the first bands to fuse hardcore punk with thrash metal and were associated with the birth of a tougher attitude within the hardcore scene in the late 1980s, related to the world of martial arts. John Joseph McGowan and Harley Flanagan (formerly drummer for The Stimulators), are practitioners of boxing and Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu respectively. The Cro-Mags have gone through several line-up changes, and as of 2016, there are no constant members left in the band.

neg: Credit to the Nation Credit to the Nation are an English hip hop group, who had chart success in the 1990s and are best known for their Nirvana-sampling single "Call It What You Want". The band is fronted by Matty Hanson (a.k.a. MC Fusion) and was initially noted for fusing a conscious hip hop style with political elements taken from the British left-wing and anarchist movements. Following their initial split in 1998, the band reformed in 2011.

neg: Punk blues Punk blues (or blues punk) is a fusion genre of punk rock and blues. Punk blues musicians and bands usually incorporate elements of related styles, such as protopunk and blues rock. Its origins lie strongly within the garage rock sound of the 1960s and 1970s.

neg: Fuck the Millennium "Fuck the Millennium", sometimes spelled "***K the Millennium", is an electronic protest song that was released as a single in 1997 by 2K (Bill Drummond and Jimmy Cauty, better known as The KLF and The Justified Ancients of Mu Mu). Based upon The KLF's acid house track "What Time Is Love?", it was promoted as a comeback single and released to mark the tenth anniversary of Drummond and Cauty's first collaborations; however, it was also in part intended to mock the notion of the comeback. It remains the only commercial release by the duo since The KLF's 1992 retirement. The single reached #28 in the UK Singles Chart in October 1997.

neg: Johnny Boy Johnny Boy were an indie pop band from Liverpool, England which consisted of two members; the London born Lolly Hayes (Lorraine Hayward) and the Liverpool resident Davo (Andrew Davitt, a keyboard tech for the Manic Street Preachers). Both of them, when asked about their roles in the duo, commonly specified them by giving the generic answer of "Vocals, loops and guitars".

neg: The Masses Against the Classes "The Masses Against the Classes" is a song by Manic Street Preachers, released as a limited-edition single in January 2000. It was a stand-alone single, not featured on any studio album, and was deleted, removed from wholesale supply, on the day of release. Despite being deleted on the day of release, the single peaked at number 1 in the UK Singles Chart.

neg: Peeled Apples "Peeled Apples" is a song by Welsh alternative rock band Manic Street Preachers. It is the opening track of the band's ninth studio album, "Journal for Plague Lovers". Produced by Steve Albini, the song, along with the other tracks of the album, features posthumous lyrics by Richey Edwards, who disappeared on 1 February 1995, and was declared legally dead in 2008.

neg: Lard (band) Lard is a hardcore punk/industrial band founded in 1988 as a side project by Jello Biafra (vocals), Al Jourgensen (guitar), Paul Barker (bass), and Jeff Ward (drums). Biafra is perhaps best known as the former frontman of the hardcore punk band Dead Kennedys. Jourgensen is the founder and only continuous member of industrial metal band Ministry, of which Barker was an official member between 1986 and 2004, and Ward was also once a touring member. Over the years, several other members of Ministry played with Lard, namely Bill Rieflin, Mike Scaccia, and Rey Washam.

neg: Preacher Jack Preacher Jack is the stage name of John Lincoln Coughlin (born February 12, 1942), who is an American pianist. Coughlin taught himself piano growing up in Malden, Massachusetts, and became an underground success playing in Boston in the 1960s and 1970s. George Thorogood heard him play and had him signed to Rounder Records, for whom he would record two albums in the 1980s. He took an extended break from recording in the 1990s and continued touring, finally releasing new material, including another album on Rounder, late in the decade.

neg: Glitch (music) Glitch is a genre of electronic music that emerged in the late 1990s. It has been described as a genre that adheres to an "aesthetic of failure," where the deliberate use of glitch-based audio media, and other sonic artifacts, is a central concern.

neg: D-beat D-beat (also known as "discore", "kängpunk" (Swedish for "boot-punk"), and "discrust") is a style of hardcore punk, developed in the early 1980s by imitators of Discharge, after whom the genre is named, as well as a drum beat characteristic of this subgenre. D-beat is known for its "grinding, distorted and brutally political" sound. Discharge may have themselves inherited the beat from Motörhead and the Buzzcocks. D-beat is closely associated with crust punk, which is a heavier, more complex variation. The style was particularly popular in Sweden, and developed there by groups such as Crude SS, Anti Cimex, Mob 47 and Driller Killer. Other D-beat groups include Doom and the Varukers from the UK; Disclose from Japan; Crucifix and Final Conflict from the U.S.; Ratos de Porão, from Brazil; and MG15, from Spain. While the style initially developed in the early 1980s, a number of new groups working within the subgenre emerged in the mid-1990s. These include the Swedish groups Wolfbrigade, Totalitär, Avskum, Skitsystem and Disfear.

neg: Send Away the Tigers Send Away the Tigers is the eighth studio album by Welsh alternative rock band Manic Street Preachers, released on 7 May 2007 by record label Columbia. It reached number 2 on the UK Albums Chart. The album was due to hit number 1 in the charts, but at the end of the week 690 copies separated the Manics from the Arctic Monkeys on the top spot.

neg: Outlandish Outlandish was a hip-hop music group based in Denmark. Formed in 1997, it consists of Isam Bachiri (born in Denmark and of Moroccan background), (born in Denmark and of Pakistani background), and (born in Honduras and of Cuban and Honduran descent). All three members are religious, with Isam and Waqas being Muslims and Lenny being Catholic. The group disbanded in 2017 as each member wanted to pursue personal projects.

neg: Crunkcore Crunkcore (also called crunk punk, crunk rock, screamo-crunk, and scrunk) is a fusion genre characterized by the combination of cultural and musical elements from crunk, screamo, and emo. The genre often features screamed vocals, dance-pop beats, and "sexually provocative lyrics."

neg: Stephen Malkmus Stephen Joseph Malkmus (born May 30, 1966) is an American musician best known as the lead singer and guitarist of the indie rock band Pavement. He currently performs with Stephen Malkmus and the Jicks.


query: What position in the Nigerian Army is the appointer of Mahmood Yakubu retired from?

pos: Mahmood Yakubu Mahmood Yakubu is a Nigerian academic and current Chairman of the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC). Subject to approval by the Council of State, Mahmood was appointed to office by President Muhammadu Buhari on 21 October 2015, succeeding Amina Zakari, who served as acting chairman.

pos: Muhammadu Buhari Muhammadu Buhari {'1': ", '2': ", '3': 'GCFR', '4': "} (born 17 December 1942) is the President of Nigeria, in office since 2015. He is a retired major general in the Nigerian Army and previously served as the nation's head of state from 31 December 1983 to 27 August 1985, after taking power in a military "coup d'état". The term Buharism is ascribed to the Buhari military government.

neg: Işık Koşaner Sebahattin Işık Koşaner (born 5 December 1945) is a Turkish former army general who served as the 27th Chief of the General Staff from 2010 to 2011.

neg: Syed Ata Hasnain Lieutenant General Syed Ata Hasnain, PVSM, UYSM, AVSM, SM, VSM (Bar) is a retired Three-Star General of the Indian Army. His last assignment in service was as the Military Secretary of the Indian Army. Prior to that, he commanded an Army Corps in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir, amongst other appointments.

neg: Joshua Madaki Major General (retired) Joshua Mamman Madaki (1947–2003) was Governor of Bauchi State, Nigeria from December 1987 to August 1990 and then of Plateau State from August 1990 to January 1992 during the military regime of Major General Ibrahim Babangida.

neg: Usman Mu'azu Air Vice-Marshal (retired) Usman Mu'azu (1942–2008) was the military governor of Kaduna State, Nigeria from January 1984 to June 1988 during the military regime of General Muhammadu Buhari.

neg: Godwin Abbe Godwin Osagie Abbe (born January 10, 1949) in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria is a retired Nigerian Army Major General and former Defence Minister of Nigeria from 2009 to 2010. He served as the Nigerian Minister of Interior from 2007 to 2009.

neg: John Ben Kalio Group Captain (retired) John Ibiwari Ben Kalio was Administrator of Yobe State from August 1996 to August 1998 during the military regime of General Sani Abacha.

neg: President of Nigeria The President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria is the head of state and head of the national executive of Nigeria. The President of Nigeria is also the commander-in-chief of the Nigerian Armed Forces. The President is elected in national elections which take place every four years. The first President of Nigeria was Nnamdi Azikiwe, who took office on 1 October 1963. The current President, Muhammadu Buhari, took office on 29 May 2015 as the 15th President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria.

neg: Mohammed Tasiu Ibrahim Major General Mohammed Tasiu Ibrahim (born October 1, 1961) is the current Commandant of the Nigerian Defence Academy. He was appointed Commandant in July 2015 by the Chief of Army Staff, Maj-Gen Tukur Yusuf Buratai succeeding Major General Muhammad Inuwa Idris

neg: Umar Barde Yakubu Umar Barde Yakubu is a Nigerian politician. He is the Minority Whip of the Nigerian House of Representatives.

neg: Harris Dzarma Harris Musa Dzarma (born 1952) is a retired Nigerian Army Major General who served as the 23rd Commandant of the Nigerian Defence Academy from 2006 to 2008.

neg: Sebastian Roberts Major-General Sir Sebastian John Lechmere Roberts, (born 1954) is a retired senior British Army officer who served as the Senior Army Representative at the Royal College of Defence Studies.

neg: Mohammed Buba Marwa Mohammed Buba Marwa (born September 9, 1953) is a retired Nigerian army officer who served as governor of Borno State, and then Lagos State during the military administrations of Generals Ibrahim Babangida and Sani Abacha.

neg: Inayat Ollah Khan Niazi Maj Gen Inayat Ollah Khan Niazi ("sitara-e-imtiaz") (born August 14, 1940) is a retired officer of the Pakistan Army and a bureaucrat. A recipient of Sitara-i-Imtiaz, he served in the Pakistan Army from 1958 to 1997.

neg: Ministry of Defence (Nigeria) The Ministry of Defence is the government department charged with ensuring Nigeria's national security.

neg: Oladipo Diya Donaldson Oladipo Diya (born 3 April 1944) is a retired Lt. General in the Nigerian Army.

neg: Hamza Abdullahi Air Vice Marshal (retired) Hamza Abdullahi (born 2 March 1945) was Governor of Kano State in Nigeria from January 1984 to August 1985 during the military regime of General Muhammadu Buhari.

neg: Army Sergeant Major The Army Sergeant Major is the most senior member of the other ranks of the British Army. The appointment holder has the rank of Warrant Officer Class One. The appointment was created as part of the changes to the British Army's top ranks around February 2015. The holder will sit on the Executive Committee of the Army Board (ECAB) and work with the Secretary of State for Defence, top civil servants and other high-ranking members to shape British Army policy. The first appointment was made in March 2015.

neg: Erdal Ceylanoğlu Erdal Ceylanoğlu is a retired Turkish General. He was Commander of the Turkish Army from 2010 to 2011.

neg: Deputy Chief of Army (Australia) The Deputy Chief of Army (DCA) is the second most senior appointment in the Australian Army, responsible to the Chief of Army (CA). The rank associated with the position is major general (2-star).

neg: William Azure Ayamdo Major General William Azure Ayamdo is a Ghanaian military personnel and the current Chief of Army Staff of the Ghana Army.


query: The United Wireless Arena is located in what county?

pos: 2014 Dodge City Law season The 2014 Dodge City Law season was the team's first season as a professional indoor football franchise and only season as a member of the Champions Professional Indoor Football League (CPIFL). One of nine teams in the CPIFL for the 2014 season, the Law were owned and operated by Ricky Bertz. The Law played their home games at the United Wireless Arena in Dodge City, Kansas, under the direction of head coach Sean Ponder.

pos: Dodge City, Kansas Dodge City is the county seat of Ford County, Kansas, United States, named after nearby Fort Dodge. The city is famous in American culture for its history as a wild frontier town of the Old West. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 27,340.

neg: Mobile Civic Center Mobile Civic Center (formerly Mobile Municipal Auditorium) is a multi-purpose arena located in Mobile, Alabama. Owned by the City of Mobile and operated by SMG, the arena comprises three venues: a theater, an expo hall, and an arena. It is suitable for large indoor events including sporting events and trade shows. The theater has seating for 1,940, while the expo hall can seat 3,000. The largest venue of the Mobile Civic Center is the arena, which can seat 10,112.

neg: Nationwide Arena Nationwide Arena is a large multi-purpose arena, in Columbus, Ohio, United States. Since completion in 2000, the arena has served as the home of the Columbus Blue Jackets of the National Hockey League.

neg: PNC Arena PNC Arena (originally Raleigh Entertainment & Sports Arena and formerly the RBC Center) is an indoor arena, located in Raleigh, North Carolina. The Arena seats 19,722 for basketball, and 18,680 for ice hockey, including 59 suites, 13 loge boxes and 2,000 club seats. The building has three concourses and a 300-seat restaurant.

neg: Towson Center Towson Center is Towson University's 5,250-seat multi-purpose arena, in Towson, Maryland. The arena opened in 1976.

neg: Mohegan Sun Mohegan Sun is one of the largest casinos in the United States, with 364000 sqft of gambling space. It is located on 240 acre along the banks of the Thames River in Uncasville, Connecticut. It is in the foothills of southeastern Connecticut, where 60 percent of the state's tourism is concentrated. It features the 12,000-seat capacity Mohegan Sun Arena, home of the New England Black Wolves of the National Lacrosse League and the Women's National Basketball Association's Connecticut Sun. It houses a 350-seat Cabaret Theatre, the 300-seat Wolf Den, and 100000 sqft of meeting and function room space, including the Northeast’s largest ballroom and 130000 sqft of retail shopping. It is also where the studio of WMOS is located.

neg: U.S. Cellular Center (Cedar Rapids) U.S. Cellular Center (formerly Five Seasons Center) is a multi-purpose arena located in the downtown area of Cedar Rapids, Iowa. It was financed by the approval of a voter referendum to allocate special municipal capital improvement bond monies, after several prior bond referendums to build a civic center failed between 1965 and 1977. The initial construction cost was approximately $7 million for the arena and facilities. The city approved an additional $1 million to build an adjacent multi-level parking facility connected to the center by a skywalk. The center is adjoined by a 16-story DoubleTree hotel facility built directly above the arena.

neg: Newark, Delaware Newark ( ) is a city in New Castle County, Delaware, 12 mi west-southwest of Wilmington. According to the 2010 Census, the population of the city is 31,454. Newark is the home of the University of Delaware.

neg: Estero, Florida Estero is a village in Lee County, Florida, United States. As of the 2010 census, the CDP (Census Designated Population) was 18,176. It is the home of Germain Arena, which hosts the home games for the Florida Everblades ECHL ice hockey team. Florida Gulf Coast University is also located just outside the Estero Planning District.

neg: Unicoi, Tennessee Unicoi is a town in Unicoi County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 3,519 at the 2000 census and 3,632 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Johnson City Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is a component of the Johnson City–Kingsport–Bristol, TN-VA Combined Statistical Area – commonly known as the "Tri-Cities" region.

neg: Pepsi Center Pepsi Center is an American multi-purpose arena located in Denver, Colorado. The arena is home to the Denver Nuggets of the National Basketball Association (NBA), the Colorado Avalanche of the National Hockey League (NHL), and the Colorado Mammoth of the National Lacrosse League (NLL). When not in use by one of Denver's sports teams, the building frequently serves as a concert venue.

neg: North Charleston Coliseum The North Charleston Coliseum is a 14,000-seat multi-purpose arena in North Charleston, South Carolina. It is part of the North Charleston Convention Center Complex, which also includes a Performing Arts Center, and is owned by the City of North Charleston and managed by SMG. The Coliseum was built in 1993 (the Performing Arts Center and Convention Center opened in 1999), and is located on the access road to the Charleston International Airport.

neg: Forum Civic Center The Forum Civic Center (known locally as just "The Forum") is a multi-purpose arena and convention center in Rome, Georgia, United States. It seats 2,140 for arena football, up to 3,116 for other sporting events and up to 3,932 for concerts. For trade shows, it can accommodate 21,000 square feet (2,000 m²) of space. Meeting rooms at the Forum total an additional 14,269 square feet (1326 m²) of space. Floyd County owns the Forum. The Forum was previously home to the Georgia Fire indoor football team.

neg: Union Multipurpose Activity Center The Union Multipurpose Activity Center (also known as the UMAC or John Q. Hammons Arena) is a 5,662-seat multipurpose arena located in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Built in 2003 at a cost of $22 million, it is the home of the Union High School Redskins basketball team. It hosted The Summit League's men’s basketball tournament from 2005 to 2008.

neg: Rochester Kings The Rochester Kings are a professional indoor football team based in Brighton, Monroe County, New York, and a member of the American Arena League (AAL).

neg: Nashville, Tennessee Nashville is the capital and largest city of the U.S. state of Tennessee and the seat of Davidson County. It is located on the Cumberland River in the north central part of the state. The city is a center for the music, healthcare, publishing, banking and transportation industries, and home to numerous colleges and universities. It is known as a center of the country music industry, earning it the nickname "Music City, U.S.A."

neg: Mesquite Arena Mesquite Arena is a 5,500-seat multi-purpose arena in Mesquite, Texas. It is home to the Mesquite Championship Rodeo and the Dallas Marshals indoor football team, who play in the Champions Indoor Football league.

neg: Erwin, Tennessee Erwin is a town in and the county seat of Unicoi County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 6,097 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Johnson City Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is a component of the Johnson City–Kingsport–Bristol, TN-VA Combined Statistical Area – commonly known as the "Tri-Cities" region.

neg: Ford Center (Evansville) The Ford Center is a multi-use indoor arena in downtown Evansville, Indiana with a maximum seating capacity of 11,000. It officially opened in November 2011 and is mainly used for basketball, ice hockey, and music concerts. It is home to the Evansville Purple Aces basketball teams and the Evansville Thunderbolts minor league hockey team in the Southern Professional Hockey League.

neg: Manchester, Iowa Manchester is a city in Delaware County, Iowa, United States. The population was 5,179 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Delaware County. Manchester is located at the intersection of U.S. Highway 20 and State Highway 13, and is the largest community in Delaware County.

neg: Bucks, Alabama Bucks is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Mobile County, Alabama, United States. As of the 2010 census, its population was 32. It is located in the northeastern section of the county near the Mobile River, along U.S. Route 43. The James M. Barry Electric Generating Plant, a coal- and natural gas-fired power station operated by Alabama Power, is located in Bucks.


query: When the group who murdered Jaime Zapata form their own criminal organization?

pos: Jaime Zapata Jaime Jorge Zapata (May 7, 1978 – February 15, 2011) was an Immigration and Customs Enforcement, Homeland Security Investigations Special Agent who was ambushed and murdered by the Mexican criminal group Los Zetas in San Luis Potosí, Mexico. He was one of the two agents that were ambushed in a part of the country that is increasingly under the influence of drug violence. Zapata's death is the second highest-profile killing of a U.S. agent in Mexico—the first one was Enrique Camarena, an undercover DEA agent who was tortured and murdered by the former Guadalajara Cartel.

pos: Los Zetas Los Zetas (] , Spanish for "The Zs") is a Mexican criminal syndicate. Considered by the US government to be "the most technologically advanced, sophisticated, efficient, violent, ruthless, and dangerous cartel operating in Mexico", the organization has expanded beyond the traditional purview of drug trafficking and also runs profitable sex trafficking and gun running rackets. The origins of Los Zetas date back to the late 1990s when commandos of the Mexican Army deserted their ranks and began working as the enforcement arm of the Gulf Cartel. In February 2010, Los Zetas broke away from their former employer and formed their own criminal organization.

neg: Juan Pablo Ledezma Juan Pablo Ledezma (a.k.a. José Luis Fratello) is the current leader of the Mexican gang called La Línea, which is the armed wing of the drug trafficking organization known as the Juárez Cartel and is said to be the current leader of the organization.

neg: Fidel Castaño Fidel Antonio Castaño Gil a.k.a. Rambo was a right-wing Colombian drug lord and paramilitary who was among the founders of Los Pepes and the Peasant Self-Defense Forces of Cordoba and Uraba (ACCU), a paramilitary group which ultimately became a member of the larger United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia (AUC) from which he became its leader until his death in 1994. He was also the brother of Vicente Castaño, the presumed chief of the narco-paramilitary group "Águilas Negras", and Carlos Castaño Gil, founder and leader of the AUC paramilitary forces until his death. He is the grandfather of Gabriella Castaño.

neg: Tula massacre The Tula massacre was the title given to an incident near the municipality of Atotonilco de Tula in the Mexican state of Hidalgo, north of Mexico City, where 13 Colombian men were murdered. The incident resulted in a minor political scandal, though no one was ever convicted of the crime.

neg: Ismael Zambada García Ismael Zambada García (born 1 January 1948), also known as El Mayo Zambada, is a Mexican drug lord who serves as the leader of the Sinaloa Cartel. Before assuming leadership of the entire cartel, he served as the logistical coordinator for the Zambada-García faction of the Sinaloa Cartel which has assisted in the exporting of cocaine and heroin into Chicago and other U.S. cities by train, ship, jet and submarine.

neg: Adolfo Constanzo Adolfo de Jesús Constanzo (November 1, 1962 – May 6, 1989) was a Cuban-American serial killer, drug dealer, and cult leader of an infamous gang dubbed by the media as The Narcosatanists (Spanish: "Los Narcosatánicos"). His cult members nicknamed him The Godfather ("El Padrino"). He was reportedly responsible for the murder of Mark Kilroy, an American student killed in Matamoros in 1989, along with several other cult killings.

neg: Davao Death Squad The Davao Death Squad (DDS) is a vigilante group supposedly active in Davao City in the Philippines. The group is allegedly responsible for summary executions of individuals suspected of petty crimes and dealing in drugs in Davao. It has been estimated that the group is responsible for the killing or disappearance of between 1,020 and 1,040 people between 1998 and 2008. In as early as 2005, the US State Department has received reports of the Human Rights Commission's (HRC) investigation regarding the alleged connection of the Duterte political dynasty of Davao to the killings. This was followed by another investigation in 2009. The investigation was discontinued due to the stonewalling of the local government under Duterte and the lack of public outrage.

neg: 18th Street gang 18th Street, also known as "Calle 18" , "Barrio 18" , "Mara 18" , or simply "La 18" in Central America, is a multi-ethnic (largely Central American and Mexican) transnational criminal organization that started as a street gang in Los Angeles. They are considered to be the largest transnational criminal gang in Los Angeles and it is estimated that there are tens of thousands of members in Los Angeles County alone. Their wide-ranging illegal activities and notoriety has come to the attention of the FBI and Immigration and Customs Enforcement. In the early 2000s, the government initiated raids against known and suspected gang members netting hundreds of arrests across the country.

neg: Carlos Mario Jiménez Carlos Mario Jiménez Naranjo aka "Macaco" or Javier Montañez (born February 26, 1966) is a Colombian former drug lord and paramilitary leader. Jimenez was a member of the United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia (AUC) paramilitary group which demobilized between 2005 and 2007. Jimenez ordered the assassination of numerous people in the region of the Santander and North Santander specially in the city of Barrancabermeja where his organization confronted and defeated the National Liberation Army (ELN) for the control of the territory. Jimenez was the commander in chief of the Central Bolívar Bloc of the AUC.

neg: Cowboy Mafia The Cowboy Mafia was the nickname for a group of marijuana smugglers who operated in the United States during the 1970s. At the time they were reportedly the largest drug smugglers in Texas. The nickname was given to the group by the Dallas media, as the capture and trial of the group created significant media coverage throughout Texas.

neg: Colombian parapolitics scandal The Colombian parapolitics scandal or "parapolítica" in Spanish (a combination of the words "paramilitar" and "política") refers to the 2006–present Colombian congressional scandal in which several congressmen and other politicians have been indicted for colluding with the United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia (AUC), a paramilitary group which is responsible for killing thousands of Colombian civilians.

neg: Knights Templar Cartel Knights Templar—Guard of Michoacán (Spanish: "Los Caballeros Templarios Guardia Michoacana") commonly known as the Knights Templar Cartel (Spanish: "Los Caballeros Templarios") is a Mexican criminal organization composed of remnants of the defunct La Familia Michoacana drug cartel based in the Mexican State of Michoacán.

neg: Guevarista Revolutionary Army The Guevarista Revolutionary Army (Ejército Revolucionario Guevarista, ERG) was a revolutionary, guerrilla group operating in Colombia. It formed in 1992 as an offshoot of the ELN.. It was named after and inspired by the Argentine Che Guevara.

neg: Wilter Neptalí Blanco Ruíz Wilter Neptalí Blanco Ruíz (alternatively Wilter Blanco-Ruiz) is the former head of the Atlantic Cartel, a Honduras-based drug trafficking organization.

neg: Muerte a Secuestradores Muerte a Secuestradores (English: "Death to Kidnappers") or MAS, was a Colombian paramilitary group supported by drug cartels, U.S. corporations, Colombian politicians, and wealthy landowners during the 1980s in order to protect their economic interests and fight kidnapping. Muerte a Secuestradores has assassinated political opponents and community organizers, and waged counterinsurgency warfare against guerrilla movements such as the FARC-EP and the M-19.

neg: Narcoterrorism Narcoterrorism is a term coined by former President Fernando Belaúnde Terry of Peru in 1983 when describing terrorist-type attacks against his nation's anti-narcotics police. In its original context, narcoterrorism is understood to mean the attempts of narcotics traffickers to influence the policies of a government or a society through violence and intimidation, and to hinder the enforcement of anti-drug laws by the systematic threat or use of such violence. Pablo Escobar's violence in his dealings with the Colombian government is probably one of the best known and best documented examples of narcoterrorism.

neg: Bamboo Union The United Bamboo Gang also known as UBG () is the largest of Taiwan's three main criminal Triads. They are reported to have roughly 10,000 members. The membership consists largely of "waishengren" (Mainland Chinese) and has had historic ties to the Kuomintang; they are said to be motivated as much by political ideology as by profit. They are known to simply call themselves "businessmen", but in reality, are also involved in organized killings, drug trafficking, and sex trafficking, among others. The gang gained global notoriety when it became directly involved in politics in the early 1980s. The union does not view themselves as criminals, but instead they view themselves as patriots.

neg: Jaime Garzón Jaime Hernando Garzón Forero (October 24, 1960 – August 13, 1999 in Bogotá) was a Colombian journalist, a comedian, lawyer, peace activist and political satirist. He was popular on Colombian television during the 1990s for his political satire. In addition to his work on television, he also had roles as a peace negotiator in the release of FARC guerrillas' hostages. He was allegedly murdered by suspected right-wing paramilitary forces in 1999, according to testimony that implicated the organization's commander. In further testimony, 16 years after the murder, a former paramilitary officer testified in court that the order to kill Garzón was allegedly a conspiracy between former Police Mayor Mauricio Santoyo, National Army General Harold Bedoya and former General Jorge Enrique Mora Rangel and that the murder was carried out by La Teraza, which is a wing of the Medellin drug cartel. The case remains open and unsolved.

neg: La Oficina de Envigado La Oficina de Envigado (English: The Office of Envigado ) is a drug cartel and criminal organization founded as an enforcement and collections arm of Pablo Escobar's Medellin Cartel. It operates throughout Colombia, but mainly in the cities of Medellín and Envigado. It also controls extortion, gambling, and money laundering businesses within the Valle de Aburra that surrounds Medellin. It positioned itself as the chief mediator and debt collector in drug trafficking disputes and maintained major connections with the "paracos" (Colombian paramilitaries) and guerillas.

neg: Philadelphia crime family The Philadelphia crime family, (pronounced ] ) also known as the Philadelphia Mafia, the Philly Mob/Mafia, the Bruno-Scarfo family, the South Philly Mob/Mafia, or the Philadelphia-South Jersey Mob/Mafia is an Italian American criminal organization based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Formed and based in South Philadelphia, the family primarily operates in various areas and neighborhoods throughout the Philadelphia metropolitan area and Delaware Valley, Southeastern Pennsylvania, and New Jersey, especially South Jersey. The Philadelphia family is notorious for its violence, due in particular to its succession of violent bosses and multiple mob wars.

neg: Pedro Oliverio Guerrero Pedro Oliviero Guerrero Castillo (a.k.a. Cuchillo/The Knife) – December 24, 2010) was a Colombian drug lord and the former leader of the "Colombian Popular Revolutionary Antiterrorist Army" (Spanish: Ejército Revolucionario Popular Anti-terrorista de Colombia (ERPAC) ), a drug trafficking, right wing paramilitary organization. His nickname came from the favoured weapon he used on his victims.


query: Who's married to a woman that spoke at the Texas Conference for Women and that has founded Microsoft?

pos: Texas Conference for Women The Texas Conference for Women is a nonprofit, nonpartisan leadership conference for women of all ages and backgrounds. The first annual conference was held in 2000 in Austin, Texas. From 2000 until 2014, former Governor Rick Perry and former First Lady Anita Perry served as the official hosts of the event, which has featured keynote speakers including Dr. Maya Angelou, poet, author, educator and historian; Sarah Ferguson, Duchess of York, writer and family health advocate; Carly Fiorina, former CEO of HP; Maria Hinojosa, Emmy-nominated journalist and author; and Melinda French Gates, co-founder of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Traditionally, the conference has attracted a sold-out crowd of more than 7,500 women.

pos: Melinda Gates Melinda Ann Gates (née French; born August 15, 1964), DBE is an American philanthropist, former Microsoft employee, and wife of Microsoft founder Bill Gates.

neg: Jane Stanford Jane Lathrop Stanford (August 25, 1828 – February 28, 1905) was a co-founder of Stanford University in 1885 (opened 1891) along with her husband, Leland Stanford, as a memorial to their only child, Leland Stanford Jr., who died in 1884 at the age of 15. After her husband's death in 1893, she funded and operated the university almost single-handedly until her death in 1905.

neg: Madhavi Vuppalapati Madhavi Vuppalapati (born 23 March 1972) is founder, CEO, and Chairperson of Prithvi Information Solutions (“Prithvi”). She is married and has one child and lives in Seattle, Washington. A graduate of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Madhavi holds a master's degree in Computational Mechanics. Madhavi founded the telecom and IT services multinational Prithvi in 1998, and together with her brother Satish Vuppalapati, took the company public in India 7 years later. She is the only female CEO amongst the top 50 Indian IT and telecom services companies.

neg: Lyn Swinburne Lyn Swinburne, AM, (born 6 June 1952), is a prominent women's advocate, inspirational speaker and founder of Breast Cancer Network Australia (BCNA).

neg: Michele Miscavige Michele "Shelly" Diane Miscavige (born January 18, 1961) is the wife of Church of Scientology leader David Miscavige. She has made no public appearances since August 2007, leading to much speculation about her fate or whereabouts.

neg: Diane Meyer Simon Diane Meyer Simon (born Diane Irene Meyer) is an environmental activist, founder and leader of Global Green USA, member of the Green Cross International's (GCI) Honorary Board, and politician. She is the former wife of Indiana real estate billionaire Herbert Simon.

neg: David Siminoff David E. Siminoff is a prominent Silicon Valley investor and entrepreneur, along with his wife, Ellen Siminoff. They met when both were students at Stanford Business School, married in 1994, and currently reside in Los Altos Hills, California.

neg: Anne Sinclair Anne Sinclair (] ; born Anne-Élise Schwartz, 15 July 1948) is an American-born French television and radio interviewer. She hosted one of the most popular political shows for more than thirteen years on TF1, the largest European private TV channel. She is heiress to much of the fortune of her maternal grandfather, Paul Rosenberg. She covered the 2008 US presidential campaign for the French Sunday newspaper "Le Journal du Dimanche" and the French TV channel Canal+. She married French politician Dominique Strauss-Kahn in 1991 and divorced him in 2013 in the aftermath of the New York v. Strauss-Kahn case. She was portrayed in the 2014 feature film "Welcome to New York".

neg: Nancy Talbot Nancy Talbot (August 17, 1920 – August 30, 2009) was an American businesswoman who co-founded the Talbots women's retail clothing chain with her husband, Rudolf Talbot.

neg: Carter Worth Carter Braxton Worth (born June 15, 1966) is an American financial analyst and stock market strategist. He is a seven-time member of institutional investor's All America Research Team. Carter is married to Andrée Jill Finkle (January 13, 2007).

neg: Edith Windsor Edith "Edie" Windsor (née Schlain; June 20, 1929 – September 12, 2017) was an American LGBT rights activist and a technology manager at IBM. She was the lead plaintiff in the Supreme Court of the United States case "United States v. Windsor", which successfully overturned Section 3 of the Defense of Marriage Act and was considered a landmark legal victory for the same-sex marriage movement in the United States.

neg: Lynne Cheney Lynne Ann Cheney (née Vincent; born August 14, 1941) is an American author, scholar, and former talk-show host. She is the wife of the 46th Vice President of the United States, Dick Cheney and served as the Second Lady of the United States from 2001 to 2009.

neg: Prerna Gupta Prerna Gupta is an American businesswoman. Gupta co-founded Khu.sh, a company that makes iPhone applications, with her husband, Parag Chordia. In 2011, Khu.sh was acquired by Smule. That year, "Fast Company" called her one of the most influential women in technology.

neg: Pamela Harris (judge) Pamela Ann Harris (born 1962) is a United States Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit and former visiting professor at the Georgetown University Law Center and a previous Executive Director of its Supreme Court Institute. Harris is married to Austin Schlick, a lawyer with Google and former Federal Communications Commission general counsel.

neg: Martha Stewart Martha Helen Stewart (née Kostyra; born August 3, 1941) is an American businesswoman, writer, and television personality. As founder of Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia, she has gained success through a variety of business ventures, encompassing publishing, broadcasting, merchandising, and e-commerce. She has written numerous bestselling books, is the publisher of the "Martha Stewart Living" magazine, and hosted two long-running syndicated television shows, "Martha", which ran from 2005 to 2012, and "Martha Stewart Living", which ran from 1993 to 2005.

neg: Bess Truman Elizabeth Virginia "Bess" Truman (born Wallace; February 13, 1885 – October 18, 1982) was the wife of U.S. President Harry S. Truman and First Lady of the United States from 1945 to 1953.

neg: Microsoft Inspire Microsoft Inspire, (formerly the Microsoft Worldwide Partner Conference, and previously abbreviated WPC), is a conference held annually by Microsoft Corporation for its partner community. At Inspire, partners learn about Microsoft’s roadmap for the upcoming year, network and build connections, share best practices, experience the latest product innovations, and learn new skills and techniques There are also keynote addresses from Microsoft executives, featured speakers, business-track specific offerings, and hundreds of sessions.

neg: Jennie Hwang Jennie Hwang (Jennie S. Hwang) is an international business woman, engineer, scientist, author and international speaker, who has been National President of the Surface Mount Technology Association and heads H-Technologies Group. She is the first woman to receive a PhD from Case Western Reserve University in Materials Science and Engineering. A YWCA award in Cleveland is named for her. She is an inductee of the Ohio Women's Hall of Fame and the Women in Technology International Hall of Fame. She is elected to the National Academy of Engineering(6) and named R&D Stars-to-Watch by the Industry Week (7). She was the commencement speaker for Kent State University, 2001 and the commencement speaker for Ohio University in 2007. Her formal education includes four academic degrees (Ph.D., M.S., M.A., B.S.) and Harvard Business School Executive Program & Columbia University Corporate Governance programs. She has held senior executive positions with Lockheed Martin Corporation, Sherwin Williams Company, SCM Corporation (Hanson PLC) and was the CEO of International Electronic Materials Corporation that she co-founded and was later acquired. She is the author of 500 publications including two ground-breaking books on environmentally-friendly lead-free electronics, published by Electrochemical Publications, LTD, U.K. and McGraw-Hill, U.S.A., respectively.

neg: Nancy Duarte Nancy Duarte is an American writer, speaker, and CEO. She is well known for her three best-selling books, which include "Resonate: Present Visual Stories that Transform Audiences", "slide:ology: The Art and Science of Creating Great Presentations", and the "HBR Guide to Persuasive Presentations." as the CEO of Duarte Design, the largest design firm in Silicon Valley and the fifth largest female employer in the area. Nancy released the free eBook "Slidedocs", which fills the gap between cinematic slides and dense documents.

neg: Jeane Porter Hester Jeane Porter Hester (born June 15, 1929) is a scientist known for her work in cancer research and therapy. She was a Professor of Medicine, Chief of Supportive Therapy, and Chief of Leukapheresis at University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, Texas, and was one of the developers of IBM 2997, the computerized blood cell separator. She was inducted into the Texas Women's Hall of Fame in 1984 and the Oklahoma Hall of Fame in 1987.

neg: Denise DeBartolo York Marie Denise DeBartolo York (born 1950) is an American businesswoman, who is the owner and co-chair of the San Francisco 49ers American football team. She is the daughter of late construction magnate Edward J. DeBartolo Sr. and the late Marie Patricia Montani DeBartolo.


query: Who  envisioned self-sustaining spiritual communities and wrote an autobiography?

pos: World Brotherhood Colonies World Brotherhood Colonies are an idea for self-sustaining spiritual communities envisioned by Paramahansa Yogananda, the Indian yogi and author of "Autobiography of a Yogi" and founder of Self-Realization Fellowship / Yogoda Satsanga Society of India. Yogananda envisioned that communities for “plain living and high thinking,” would develop as a natural culmination of the spread of his worldwide teachings.

pos: Autobiography of a Yogi Autobiography of a Yogi is an autobiography of Paramahansa Yogananda (January 5, 1893–March 7, 1952) first published in 1946. Yogananda was born Mukunda Lal Ghosh in Gorakhpur, India, into a Bengali family.

neg: Individualist anarchism in the United States Individualist anarchism in the United States was strongly influenced by Josiah Warren, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Lysander Spooner, Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, Max Stirner, Herbert Spencer, and Henry David Thoreau.

neg: Light in My Darkness Light in My Darkness is a book, originally published in 1927 as My Religion, written by Helen Keller when she was 47 years old. The book was written as a tribute to Emanuel Swedenborg whom Helen regarded as "one of the noblest champions true Christianity has ever known". This book is regarded as Helen's Keller's spiritual autobiography in which she openly declares that "the teachings of Emanuel Swedenborg have been my light, and a staff in my hand and by his vision splendid I am attended on my way".

neg: Community of the Ark The Community of the Ark is a small spiritual commune in southern France that was founded in 1948 by Lanza del Vasto. Lanza del Vasto was a non-violence activist and disciple of Mahatma Gandhi. During the 1970s, many of the communards, under the leadership of del Vasto, took a leading role in the civil disobedience campaign resisting the proposed extension of the military base on the Larzac plateau. The campaign was ultimately triumphant.

neg: Ralph Abernathy Ralph David Abernathy Sr. (March 11, 1926 – April 17, 1990) was a leader of the Civil Rights Movement, a minister, and a close friend of Martin Luther King Jr.. In 1955, he collaborated with King to create the Montgomery Improvement Association, which led to the Montgomery Bus Boycott. In 1957, Abernathy co-founded, and was an executive board member of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). Following the assassination of King, Abernathy became president of the SCLC. As president of the SCLC, he led the Poor People's Campaign in Washington, D.C. during 1968. Abernathy also served as an advisory committee member of the Congress on Racial Equality (CORE). He later returned to the ministry, and in 1989 — the year before his death — Abernathy wrote, "And the Walls Came Tumbling Down: An Autobiography", a controversial autobiography about his and King's involvement in the Civil Rights Movement.

neg: Margery Kempe Margery Kempe (c. 1373–after 1438) was an English Christian mystic, known for writing through dictation "The Book of Margery Kempe", a work considered by some to be the first autobiography in the English language. Her book chronicles her domestic tribulations, her extensive pilgrimages to holy sites in Europe and the Holy Land, as well as her mystical conversations with God. She is honoured in the Anglican Communion, but was never made a Roman Catholic saint.

neg: Suzanne Segal Suzanne Segal (1955–1997) was a writer and teacher about spiritual enlightenment, known for her sudden experience of Self-Realization which she wrote about in her book "Collision With the Infinite: A Life Beyond the Personal Self".

neg: Shuddhananda Bharati Kavi Yogi Maharishi Dr. Shuddhananda Bharati (11 May 1897 – 7 March 1990) was an Indian philosopher and poet. His teachings are focused mainly on the search for God in Self, through the Sama Yoga practice he created.

neg: Spiritual philosophy Spiritual philosophy is a generic term for any philosophy or teaching that pertains to spirituality. It may incorporate religious or esoteric themes, especially those from Theosophy or Neo-Theosophy, Anthroposophy, New Age thought, mysticism, and Eastern philosophy. Concepts may include the nature of The Absolute, karma and reincarnation, the evolution of the soul, higher states of consciousness, universal mind, and so on.

neg: Autobiography An autobiography (from the Greek, αὐτός-"autos" self + βίος-"bios" life + γράφειν-"graphein" to write) is a self-written account of the life of a person. The word "autobiography" was first used deprecatingly by William Taylor in 1797 in the English periodical "The Monthly Review", when he suggested the word as a hybrid, but condemned it as "pedantic". However, its next recorded use was in its present sense, by Robert Southey in 1809. Despite only being named early in the nineteenth century, first-person autobiographical writing originates in antiquity. Roy Pascal differentiates autobiography from the periodic self-reflective mode of journal or diary writing by noting that "[autobiography] is a review of a life from a particular moment in time, while the diary, however reflective it may be, moves through a series of moments in time". Autobiography thus takes stock of the autobiographer's life from the moment of composition. While biographers generally rely on a wide variety of documents and viewpoints, autobiography may be based entirely on the writer's memory. The memoir form is closely associated with autobiography but it tends, as Pascal claims, to focus less on the self and more on others during the autobiographer's review of his or her life.

neg: Rudolf Steiner Rudolf Joseph Lorenz Steiner (27 (or 25) February 1861 – 30 March 1925) was an Austrian philosopher, social reformer, architect and esotericist. Steiner gained initial recognition at the end of the nineteenth century as a literary critic and published philosophical works including "The Philosophy of Freedom". At the beginning of the twentieth century he founded an esoteric spiritual movement, anthroposophy, with roots in German idealist philosophy and theosophy; other influences include Goethean science and Rosicrucianism.

neg: Twelve Tribes communities The Twelve Tribes, formerly known as the Vine Christian Community Church, Northeast Kingdom Community Church, the Messianic Communities, and the Community Apostolic Order is an international confederation of religious communities founded by Gene Spriggs (now known as Yoneq) that sprang out of the Jesus Movement in 1972 in Chattanooga, Tennessee.

neg: Spiritualists' National Union The Spiritualists' National Union (SNU) is a Spiritualist organisation, founded in the United Kingdom in 1901, and is one of the largest spiritualist groups in the world. Its motto is "Light, Nature, Truth".

neg: Joan Halifax Joan Jiko Halifax (born July 30, 1942) is an American Zen Buddhist teacher, anthropologist, ecologist, civil rights activist, hospice caregiver, and the author of several books on Buddhism and spirituality. She currently serves as abbot and guiding teacher of Upaya Zen Center in Santa Fe, New Mexico, a Zen Peacemaker community which she founded in 1990. Halifax-roshi has received Dharma transmission from both Bernard Glassman and Thich Nhat Hanh, and previously studied under the Korean master Seung Sahn. In the 1970s she collaborated on LSD research projects with her ex-husband Stanislav Grof, in addition to other collaborative efforts with Joseph Campbell and Alan Lomax. She is founder of the Ojai Foundation in California, which she led from 1979 to 1989. As a socially engaged Buddhist, Halifax has done extensive work with the dying through her Project on Being with Dying (which she founded). She is on the board of directors of the Mind and Life Institute, a non-profit organization dedicated in exploring the relationship of science and Buddhism.

neg: Mel Lyman Melvin James Lyman (March 24, 1938 – March 1978) was an American musician, writer, and founder of the Fort Hill Community, which has been variously described as a family, commune, or cult.

neg: Gopi Krishna (yogi) Gopi Krishna (30 May 1903 – 31 July 1984) of India was a yogi, mystic, teacher, social reformer, and writer. His autobiography is known under the title "".

neg: History of the Community of Christ The history of the Community of Christ, formerly known as the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, covers a period of approximately 200 years. The church's early history traces to the "grove experience" of Joseph Smith, who prayed in the woods near his home in Palmyra, New York, in the early-19th century. Several accounts of this experience have surfaced over the years. Most of the accounts share a common narrative indicating that when he went to the woods to pray, he experienced a period of encountering evil or despair, but then experienced an epiphany or vision in which he came to know and understand God's goodness. Later, as an adult, Smith founded the Church of Christ on April 6, 1830.

neg: African Theological Archministry The African Theological Archministry is a  religious movement, a branch of the ancient spiritual traditions of the Isese of the Yoruba and Vodun of the Fon, that was founded by Walter Eugene King, born in Detroit, MI. In 1970, King was crowned "Oba" in West Africa and took the regal name "Oba Efuntola Adelabu Adefunmi I". He then moved the congregation of practitioners that had grown around him to South Carolina, where they subsequently founded the Oyotunji community. The group has grown over the years, having nineteen affiliated centers in the United States in 1988.

neg: Ralph Waldo Emerson Ralph Waldo Emerson (May 25, 1803 – April 27, 1882) was an American essayist, lecturer, and poet who led the transcendentalist movement of the mid-19th century. He was seen as a champion of individualism and a prescient critic of the countervailing pressures of society, and he disseminated his thoughts through dozens of published essays and more than 1,500 public lectures across the United States.

neg: Religious Affections A Treatise Concerning Religious Affections is a famous publication written in 1746 by Jonathan Edwards describing his philosophy about the process of Christian conversion in Northampton, Massachusetts during the First Great Awakening, which emanated from Edwards' congregation starting in 1734.

neg: Select essays of Sister Nivedita Select Essays of Sister Nivedita (1911) is an English-language book written by Sister Nivedita, a disciple of Swami Vivekananda. The foreword of the book was written by A. J. F. Blair.