query: The national government was responsible to the symbol of what?

pos: Japanese military modernization of 1868–1931 The modernization of the Japanese army and navy during the Meiji period (1868–1912) and until the Mukden Incident (1931) was carried out by the newly founded national government, a military leadership that was only responsible to the Emperor and the help of France, Britain, and later Germany.

pos: Emperor of Japan The Emperor of Japan is the head of the Imperial Family and the traditional head of state of Japan. According to the 1947 constitution, he is "the symbol of the State and of the unity of the people." Historically, he is also the highest authority of the Shinto religion as he and his family are said to be the direct descendants of the sun-goddess Amaterasu, and his importance also lies in dealing with heavenly affairs, including Shinto ritual and rites throughout the nation.

neg: National monument A national monument is a monument constructed in order to commemorate something of national importance such as the country's founding, independence or a war.

neg: Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa (NID, National Heritage Board of Poland) is a Polish governmental institution responsible for the objects considered most important to the nation's cultural heritage.

neg: Cockade of Argentina The Argentine cockade (Spanish: "escarapela argentina" ) is one of the national symbols of Argentina, instituted by decree on February 18, 1812 by the First Triumvirate, who determined that ""the national cockade of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata shall be of colours white and light blue [...]"".

neg: Flag of Guyana The flag of Guyana, known as The Golden Arrowhead , has been the national flag of "Guyana" since May 1966 when the country became independent from the United Kingdom. It was designed by Whitney Smith, an American vexillologist (though originally without the black and white fimbriations, which were later additions suggested by the College of Arms in the United Kingdom). The proportions of the national flag are 3:5. The colours are symbolic, with green for agriculture and forests, white for rivers and water, gold for mineral wealth, black for endurance, and red for zeal and dynamism.

neg: National symbols of Myanmar The national symbols of Burma (also known as Myanmar) are icons, symbols and other cultural expressions which are seen as representative of the Burmese people. These have been accumulated over centuries and are mainly from the Bamar majority, while other ethnic groups also maintain their own symbols.

neg: National symbols of Malta This article is a vexillological summary of all flags and symbols in current use by the island nation of Malta. More information on the history of the various flags and emblems, as well as on their equivalents which are no longer in use, is found on the specific articles, linked to in the subtitle headings.

neg: National Monument (Indonesia) The National Monument (Indonesian: "Monumen Nasional" , abbreviated Monas) is a 132 m (433 ft) tower in the centre of Merdeka Square, Central Jakarta, symbolizing the fight for Indonesia. It is the national monument of the Republic of Indonesia, built to commemorate the struggle for Indonesian independence.

neg: List of national symbols of Israel National symbols of Israel are the symbols that are used in Israel and abroad to represent the country and its people.

neg: Head of state A head of state (or chief of state) is the public persona that officially represents the national unity and legitimacy of a sovereign state. Depending on the country's form of government and separation of powers, the head of state may be a purely ceremonial figurehead with limited or no executive power or concurrently the head of government.

neg: National symbols of the Confederate States This article is a list of national symbols of the Confederate States enacted through legislation. Upon its independence (adoption of the Constitution for the Provisional Government of the Confederate States) on February 8, 1861, and subsequent foundation of the "permanent" government on February 22, 1862, the Confederate States Congress adopted national symbols distinct from those of the United States.

neg: Saint symbolism Christianity has used symbolism from its very beginnings. Each saint has a story and a reason why he or she led an exemplary life. Symbols have been used to tell these stories throughout the history of the Church. A number of Christian saints are traditionally represented by a symbol or iconic motif associated with their life, termed an attribute or emblem, in order to identify them. The study of these forms part of iconography in art history. They were particularly used so that the illiterate could recognize a scene, and to give each of the Saints something of a personality in art. They are often carried in the hand by the Saint.

neg: Government of Nepal The Government of Nepal (नेपाल सरकार ), or Nepal Government, is the executive body and the central government of Nepal. Prior to the abolition of the monarchy, it was officially known as His Majesty's Government(श्री ५ सरकार) .

neg: Flag of Great Britain The flag of Great Britain, commonly known as the Union Jack or Union Flag, is a maritime flag of Great Britain that was used from 1606 to 1801. The design was ordered by King James VI and I to be used on ships on the high seas, and it subsequently came into use as a national flag following the Treaty of Union and Acts of Union 1707, gaining the status of "the Ensign armorial of the Kingdom of Great Britain", the newly created state. It was later adopted by land forces, although the blue field used on land-based versions more closely resembled that of the blue of the flag of Scotland.

neg: List of national museums A national museum is a museum maintained by a state. In many countries it denotes a museum run by the central government, and often is restricted to a few museums, mostly in the capital, while other museums are run by regional or local government, or foundations. In other countries a much larger number of museums are run by the central government, some quite small. Some national museums use the term in their name, but others do not; some museums just adopt the term as a matter of branding.

neg: Responsible house In parliamentary systems of government with multicameral legislatures, the responsible house is the legislative chamber to which the government of the day is accountable (or "responsible", the origin of the term). A government remains in power as long as it retains the confidence of the responsible house.

neg: Statue of Responsibility The Statue of Responsibility is a proposed structure to be built on the West Coast of the United States. The prototype, sculpted by project artist Gary Lee Price, consists of a pair of clasped hands oriented vertically, symbolizing the responsibility that comes with liberty.

neg: Gallic rooster The Gallic rooster (French: "le coq gaulois" ) is an unofficial national symbol of France as a nation, as opposed to Marianne representing France as a State, and its values: the Republic. The rooster is also the symbol of the Wallonia region and the French Community of Belgium.

neg: Flag A flag is a piece of fabric (most often rectangular or quadrilateral) with a distinctive design that is used as a symbol, as a signaling device, or as decoration. The term "flag" is also used to refer to the graphic design employed, and flags have since evolved into a general tool for rudimentary signalling and identification, especially in environments where communication is similarly challenging (such as the maritime environment where semaphore is used). National flags are patriotic symbols with varied wide-ranging interpretations, often including strong military associations due to their original and ongoing military uses. Flags are also used in messaging, advertising, or for other decorative purposes. The study of flags is known as vexillology, from the Latin word "vexillum", meaning flag or banner.

neg: Symbols of New South Wales New South Wales is one of Australia's States, and has established several state symbols.

neg: National library A national library is a library specifically established by the government of a country to serve as the preeminent repository of information for that country. Unlike public libraries, these rarely allow citizens to borrow books. Often, they include numerous rare, valuable, or significant works. A National Library is that library which has the duty of collecting and preserving the literature of the nation within and outside the country. Thus, National Libraries are those libraries whose community is the nation at large. Examples include The British Library, and The Bibliothèque Nationale In Paris.


query: Appias is said to be of which goddess of wisdom and warfare?

pos: Appias In ancient Rome, Appias was a statue of a nymph near the Appiades Fountain in the Forum of Caesar. Ovid wrote that the fountain was in the middle of the Temple of Venus Genetrix and surrounded by statues of nymphs who were called "The Appiades" ( ; plural form of Appias). Traditionally the Appiades are said to be of Concordia, Minerva, Pax, Venus, and Vesta.

pos: Minerva Minerva ( ; ] ; Etruscan: "Menrva") was the Roman goddess of wisdom and strategic warfare, and the sponsor of arts, trade, and strategy. From the second century BC onward, the Romans equated her with the Greek goddess Athena.

neg: Camenae In Roman mythology, the Camenae ( ; also "Casmenae", "Camoenae") were originally goddesses of childbirth, wells and fountains, and also prophetic deities.

neg: Charis (mythology) In Greek mythology, Charis ( ; Greek: Χάρις "grace, kindness, and life") is one of the Charites (Greek: Χάριτες ) or "Graces", goddesses of charm, beauty, nature, human creativity and fertility; and in Homer's "Iliad", Charis is the wife of Hephaestus. Charis was also known as Cale ("Beauty") or Aglaea ("Splendor").

neg: Andraste Andraste, also known as Andrasta or Andred, was, according to the Roman historian Dio Cassius, an Icenic war goddess invoked by Boudica in her fight against the Roman occupation of Britain in AD 60. She may be the same as Andate, mentioned later by the same source, and described as "their name for Victory": i.e., the goddess Victoria. Thayer asserts that she may be related to Andarta also. The goddess Victoria is related to Nike, Bellona, Magna Mater (Great Mother), Cybele, and Vacuna—goddesses who are often depicted on chariots.

neg: Isis Isis ( ; Ancient Greek: Ἶσις ] ; Egyptian: "3s.t" or "js.t;" Coptic: ⲏⲥⲉ "Ēse") is a goddess from the polytheistic pantheon of Egypt. She was first worshiped in ancient Egyptian religion, and later her worship spread throughout the Roman Empire and the greater Greco-Roman world. Isis is still widely worshiped by many pagans today in diverse religious contexts; including a number of distinct pagan religions, the modern Goddess movement, and interfaith organizations such as the Fellowship of Isis.

neg: Alexandra Alexandra (Greek: Ἀλεξάνδρα ) is the feminine form of the given name Alexander (Greek: Ἀλέξανδρος , "Alexandros"). Etymologically, the name is a compound of the Greek verb ἀλέξειν ("alexein") "to defend" and ἀνήρ ("anēr") "man" ( ἀνδρός "andros"). Thus it may be roughly translated as "defender of man" or "protector of man". The name was one of the titles or epithets given to the Greek goddess Hera and as such is usually taken to mean "one who comes to save warriors". The earliest attested form of the name is the Mycenaean Greek 𐀀𐀩𐀏𐀭𐀅𐀨 , "a-re-ka-sa-da-ra", written in the Linear B syllabic script.

neg: Leticia Leticia, Letizia (and other variants), derived from the Latin greeting "laetitia" ("joy", "gladness", "delight") Laetitia is also one of the epithets of Ceres, Roman goddess of fertility and abundance.

neg: Owl of Athena In Greek mythology, a little owl ("Athene noctua") traditionally represents or accompanies Athena, the virgin goddess of wisdom, or Minerva, her syncretic incarnation in Roman mythology. Because of such association, the bird — often referred to as the "owl of Athena" or the "owl of Minerva" — has been used as a symbol of knowledge, wisdom, perspicacity and erudition throughout the Western world.

neg: Seshat Seshat, under various spellings, was the Ancient Egyptian goddess of wisdom, knowledge, and writing. She was seen as a scribe and record keeper, and her name means she who scrivens (i.e. "she who is the scribe"), and is credited with inventing writing. She also became identified as the goddess of accounting, architecture, astronomy, astrology, building, mathematics, and surveying. These are all professions that relied upon expertise in her skills. She is identified as Safekh-Aubi in some late texts.

neg: Gaia (mythology) In Greek mythology, Gaia ( or from Ancient Greek Γαῖα , a poetical form of Γῆ "Gē", "land" or "earth"), also spelled Gaea, is the personification of the Earth and one of the Greek primordial deities. Gaia is the ancestral mother of all life: the primal Mother Earth goddess. She is the immediate parent of Uranus (the sky), from whose sexual union she bore the Titans (themselves parents of many of the Olympian gods) and the Giants, and of Pontus (the sea), from whose union she bore the primordial sea gods. Her equivalent in the Roman pantheon was Terra.

neg: Dione (Titaness) Dione ( ; Greek: Διώνη , "Diōnē") was an ancient Greek goddess, an oracular Titaness primarily known from Book V of Homer's "Iliad", where she tends to the wounds suffered by her daughter Aphrodite. One source describes her as an ancient wife of Zeus.

neg: Amalthea (mythology) In Greek mythology, Amalthea or Amaltheia (Greek: Ἀμάλθεια ) is the most-frequently mentioned foster-mother of Zeus.

neg: Athena Promachos The Athena Promachos (Ἀθηνᾶ Πρόμαχος "Athena who fights in the front line") was a colossal bronze statue of Athena sculpted by Pheidias, which stood between the Propylaea and the Parthenon on the Acropolis of Athens. Athena was the tutelary deity of Athens and the goddess of wisdom and warriors. Pheidias also sculpted two other figures of Athena on the Acropolis, the huge gold and ivory ("chryselephantine") cult image of "Athena Parthenos" in the Parthenon and the "Lemnian Athena".

neg: Anat Anat ( , ) or Anath ( ; Hebrew ענת; Phoenician 𐤏𐤍𐤕; "‘Anōt"; Ugaritic 𐎓𐎐𐎚 "‘nt"; Greek Αναθ, "Anath"; Egyptian "Antit", "Anit", "Anti", or "Anant") is a major northwest Semitic goddess.

neg: Thalia (nymph) In Greek mythology, Thalia (Greek: Θάλεια "Tháleia" or Θάλια "Thália", "the Joyous, the Flourishing", from θάλλειν / thállein, "to flourish, to be green") is a nymph, the child of Hephaestus. She is also given as an anthropomorphic secondary deity of plant life and shoots, possibly as the culmination of the transmission of knowledge on volcanic ash's use as a fertiliser, characteristic of ancient viticulture in volcanic soils such as those of the island of Santorini.

neg: Dione (mythology) Dione ( ; Διώνη "Dios" "She-Zeus" or "dios" "divine one") is the name of four women in ancient Greek mythology, and one in the Phoenician mythology of Sanchuniathon. "Dione" is translated as "Goddess", and given the same etymological derivation as the names "Zeus", "Diana", et al. Very little information exists about these nymphs or goddesses, although at least one is described as beautiful and is sometimes associated with water or the sea. Perhaps this same one was worshiped as a mother goddess who presided over the oracle at Dodona, Greece and was called the mother of Aphrodite.

neg: Anesidora Anesidora (Ancient Greek: Ἀνησιδώρα ) was in Greek and Roman mythology an epithet of several goddesses and mythological figures. The name itself means "spender of gifts".

neg: Libyan Sibyl The Libyan Sibyl, named Phemonoe, was the prophetic priestess presiding over the Oracle of Zeus-Ammon (Zeus represented with the horns of Ammon) at Siwa Oasis in the Libyan Desert.

neg: Agallis Agallis (Gr. Ἀγαλλίς , fl. 2nd century BC) of Corcyra was a female grammarian who wrote about Homer, according to Athenaeus. Some scholars believe her to have belonged to the hetaerae class. She attributed the invention of ball games to Nausicaa, one of her countrywomen, and most later writers took her bias in this matter as self-evident. Her writings are no longer extant.

neg: Androktasiai In Greek mythology, the Androktasiai (Ancient Greek: Ἀνδροκτασίαι ; singular: Androktasia) were the female personifications of manslaughter, and daughters of the goddess of strife and discord, Eris, . This name is also used for all of Eris' children collectively, as a whole group.

neg: Clementia In Roman mythology, Clementia was the goddess of clemency, leniency, mercy, forgiveness, penance, redemption, absolution and salvation.


query: Which Japanese-born American cinematogrpher is known for his photography in the 2009 supernatural horror film Jennifer's Body?

pos: M. David Mullen David Mullen, A.S.C. (born 26 June 1962 as Merritt David Mullen III) is a Japanese-born American cinematographer known for his photography on "Twin Falls Idaho", "Northfork", "Akeelah and the Bee", "The Astronaut Farmer", "Jennifer's Body", and "The Love Witch". He often collaborates with The Polish brothers.

pos: Jennifer's Body Jennifer's Body is a 2009 supernatural horror black comedy film written by Diablo Cody and directed by Karyn Kusama. The film stars Megan Fox, Amanda Seyfried, Johnny Simmons, and Adam Brody. Fox portrays a demonically possessed high school girl who kills her male classmates, with her best friend striving to stop her. The film premiered at the 2009 Toronto International Film Festival and was released in the United States and Canada on September 18, 2009. The title is a reference to the song of the same name by alternative rock band Hole on their album "Live Through This". As a tie-in to the film, Boom! Studios produced a "Jennifer's Body" graphic novel, released in August 2009.

neg: Yuji Okumoto Yuji Don Okumoto (雄二・ドン・奥本 , Yūji Don Okumoto , born April 20, 1959) is an American actor and filmmaker best known for his intimidating movie roles, primarily as a villain, such as Chozen Toguchi in "The Karate Kid Part II". His other films include "Aloha Summer", "Nemesis", "Pearl Harbor", and "The Truman Show", as well as guest roles on television series such as "T.J. Hooker", "Knots Landing", "", and "Bones".

neg: Meredith Weatherby Meredith Weatherby (c. 1914 – June 27, 1997) was a Texas-born American publisher who was the founder of Weatherhill Publications. He spent a large part of his life in Japan and is known in particular for his English translations of the literary works by Yukio Mishima. He was also a long-term patron and romantic partner of the photographer Tamotsu Yato.

neg: Yoshihiko Matsui Yoshihiko Matsui (松井良彦 , Matsui Yoshihiko , born May 6, 1956) is a Japanese filmmaker.

neg: Life Blood (film) Life Blood is a supernatural horror thriller film released in 2009. The film was directed and produced by Ron Carlson.

neg: Kōichi Saitō (film director) Kōichi Saitō (斎藤 耕一 , Saitō Kōichi , 3 February 1929 – 28 November 2009) was a Japanese film director and photographer.

neg: Kōji Shiraishi Kōji Shiraishi (白石 晃士 , Shiraishi Kōji , born June 1, 1973) is a Japanese film director, screenwriter, and occasional actor. He is primarily known for directing Japanese horror films, most notably "The Curse".

neg: Takanobu Hayashi Takanobu Hayashi (林 隆喜 , Hayashi Takanobu ) is a Japanese photographer.

neg: List of accolades received by David Lynch David Keith Lynch (born January 20, 1946) is an American filmmaker, television director, visual artist, musician and occasional actor. Known for his surrealist films, he has developed his own unique cinematic style, which has been dubbed "Lynchian", and which is characterized by its dream imagery and meticulous sound design. Indeed, the surreal and in many cases violent elements to his films have earned them the reputation that they "disturb, offend or mystify" their audiences.

neg: John Fujioka John Fujioka (born June 29, 1925 in Olaa, Hawaii, USA) is an American actor of Japanese descent.

neg: The Harimaya Bridge The Harimaya Bridge is a 2009 film written and directed by American filmmaker Aaron Woolfolk. It was filmed in Kōchi Prefecture, Japan and San Francisco, California, U.S.A. The film had a nationwide theatrical release in Japan in 2009 and an independent theatrical release in the United States in 2010. The film was released on DVD in Japan at the end of 2009 and was released on DVD and video-on-demand in the United States in 2011.

neg: Heaven's Postman Heaven's Postman, also known as Postman to Heaven (; Tengoku e no Yuubin Haitatsunin (天国への郵便配達人 ) ) is a 2009 South Korean-Japanese film starring Kim Jaejoong and Han Hyo-joo. A young CEO quits his job and becomes a kind of supernatural postman, delivering letters from grieving families and loved ones to the dead in heaven.

neg: Ryuhei Kitamura Ryuhei Kitamura (北村 龍平 , Kitamura Ryūhei ) (born May 30, 1969) is a Japanese filmmaker.

neg: Janusz Kamiński Janusz Zygmunt Kamiński, A.S.C. (] ; born June 27, 1959) is a Polish cinematographer and film director who started his career in the United States. He rose to fame in the 1990s with his innovative work on "Schindler's List" (1993). He has established a partnership with Steven Spielberg, working as a cinematographer on his movies since 1993. He won the Academy Award for Best Cinematography for his work on "Schindler's List" and "Saving Private Ryan" (1998). In recent years, Kamiński has also moved into the field of directing, first with the horror film "Lost Souls", and later television series like "The Event" and "The Divide".

neg: Leslie Kee Leslie Kee (born 5 April 1971) is a Singaporean photographer. He is based in Japan, having once worked in the United States.

neg: Michael Arias Michael Arias (born 1968) is an American-born filmmaker active primarily in Japan.

neg: Tokihiro Satō Tokihiro Satō (佐藤 時啓 , Satō Tokihiro , born in September 14, 1957 in Sakata, Yamagata Japan) is a Japanese photographer. Sato is best known for his unusual expressions of light and space and interpretations of performance and dance. Receiving his MFA and BFA in Music and Fine Arts from Tokyo National University of Fine Arts and Music in 1981, Sato was originally a trained sculptor, but decided to go with photography to better communicate his ideas.

neg: Bruce Yonemoto Bruce Yonemoto (born 1949) is a Japanese-American multimedia artist. His work has been recognized by the National Endowment for the Arts, the American Film Institute, The Rockefeller Foundation, the Maya Deren Award for Experimental Film and Video, and a mid-career survey show at the Japanese American National Museum, in addition to major solo exhibitions at the InterCommunication Center in Tokyo, the Institute of Contemporary Art the University of Pennsylvania, and the Kemper Museum in Kansas City, MO. Yonemoto was featured in the 2002 Corcoran Gallery Bienniel, in Washington D.C. Yonemoto was also a recipient of the Creative Capital Visual Arts Award in 2008.

neg: Ghost Theater Ghost Theater (劇場霊 , Gekijourei ) is a 2015 Japanese horror film directed by Hideo Nakata and a remake of "Don't Look Up" (1996). It was released on November 21, 2015.

neg: Shimooka Renjō Shimooka Renjō (下岡 蓮杖 , March 24, 1823 – March 3, 1914) was a Japanese photographer and was one of the first professional photographers in Japan. He opened the first commercial photography studio in Yokohama, and in Japan he is widely considered the father of Japanese photography.

neg: Hiro Narita Hiro Narita (born June 26, 1941) is a Japanese-American cinematographer.


query: What genre does the album "Levitate" come from?

pos: Levitate (The Fall album) Levitate is an album (the 19th) by The Fall, released in 1997 on Artful Records. "Levitate" became the last album to feature two long-time Fall members, drummer Karl Burns and bass player Steve Hanley (whose playing was once described by Smith as the defining element of the group's music).

pos: The Fall (band) The Fall are an English post-punk band, formed in 1976 in Prestwich, Greater Manchester. They have undergone many line up changes, with vocalist Mark E. Smith as the founder and only constant member. The Fall's long term musicians have included drummers Paul Hanley and Karl Burns; guitarists Marc Riley, Craig Scanlon and Brix Smith; and bassist Steve Hanley, whose melodic playing is widely credited with shaping the band's sound from the early 1980s to the mid-1990s.

neg: Ratt (album) Ratt is the self-titled sixth studio album by the American glam metal band Ratt. Often referred to as "1999" by fans (partially to avoid confusion with their EP, which was also self-titled), this album saw the band's musical direction shift to a more blues-influenced rock sound and further away from their previous glam metal roots. This is the first studio album to feature bassist Robbie Crane.

neg: Outsider house Outsider house (also referred to as outsider dance) is a genre of electronic music combining elements of house music, techno and noise. The music is often rough-sounding and "lo-fi", in contrast to the "polished cleanliness" of other contemporary electronic music genres.

neg: Industrial techno Industrial techno is a subgenre of techno and industrial dance music that originated from United Kingdom in the 1990s. Characteristically, it incorporates influences from the bleak, noisy sound and aesthetics of early industrial music acts, particularly Cabaret Voltaire and Throbbing Gristle. American industrial music label Wax Trax! also had a profound influence over the genre's development. The genre has seen a resurgence in the 2010s, spearheaded by acts such as Blawan and Karenn. As a result, it has gained a significant fanbase from the post-dubstep audience.

neg: Luke (album) Luke is the third solo album by Steve Lukather released in 1997. It was a much different and more introspective album than Lukather's previous two solo efforts. The album is a concentrated collection of many of Lukather's musical influences, and he deliberately let those influences come out on the album. "Luke" is an experimental album, and like "Candyman" it was recorded mostly in live sessions with minimal overdubbing and processing afterward. "Luke" also features instrumentation not heard on previous Lukather albums such as pedal steel, harmonicas, Mellotrons, and experimental guitar, bass, and drum sounds.

neg: Transmission (Gay Dad album) Transmission is the second and final studio album by London band Gay Dad, released via B-Unique on 24 September 2001. The music is a drastically changed from their glam rock, neo-psychedelia, krautrock, and gospel and indie pop style of previous album, into much more electronic style. The album itself was met with mixed reviews, and was not a commercial success.

neg: Glitch (music) Glitch is a genre of electronic music that emerged in the late 1990s. It has been described as a genre that adheres to an "aesthetic of failure," where the deliberate use of glitch-based audio media, and other sonic artifacts, is a central concern.

neg: Electropop Electropop is a variant of synth-pop that places more emphasis on a harder, electronic sound. The genre has seen a revival of popularity and influence since the 2000s.

neg: Tribalism (album) Tribalism is the second compilation album by Enter Shikari released on February 22, 2010. The album contains two brand new tracks, b-sides, remixes and live tracks. A limited edition version of the album was released in a boxset package also containing a sticker, poster and badges. Only 1000 of this edition were made.

neg: Kill 'Em All Kill 'Em All is the debut studio album by the American heavy metal band Metallica, released on July 25, 1983, by the independent record label Megaforce Records. "Kill 'Em All" is regarded as a groundbreaking album for thrash metal because of its precise musicianship, which fuses new wave of British heavy metal riffs with hardcore punk tempos. The album's musical approach and lyrics were markedly different from rock's mainstream of the early 1980s and inspired a number of bands who followed in similar manner. The album did not enter the "Billboard" 200 until 1986, when it peaked at number 155, following Metallica's commercial success with its third studio album "Master of Puppets"; the 1988 Elektra reissue peaked at number 120. "Kill 'Em All" was critically praised at the time of its release and in retrospect, and was placed on a few publications' best album lists. It was certified 3× Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) in 1999 for shipping three million copies in the United States. The album generated two singles, "Whiplash" and "Jump in the Fire".

neg: Kingdom Come (band) Kingdom Come was a German heavy metal/hard rock band fronted by Hamburg-born vocalist Lenny Wolf (born as Frank Wöllschlager). The group's first album, "Kingdom Come" is to date the band's most internationally popular and biggest selling recording.

neg: Downtempo Downtempo (sometimes called "trip hop") is a genre of electronic music similar to ambient, but with a greater emphasis on rhythm, and is not as "earthy" as trip hop.

neg: Gravity (Out of the Grey album) Gravity is the fourth album by Out of the Grey, released on August 1, 1995. It saw the second album that brought the band into an Adult Contemporary vein, which appealed to contemporary Christian music radio formats with several singles.

neg: Metalcore Metalcore is a fusion genre combining elements of heavy metal and hardcore punk. The word is a portmanteau of the names of the two genres. Among other styles blending metal and hardcore, such as crust punk and grindcore, metalcore is noted for its use of breakdowns, which are slow, intense passages conducive to moshing. Pioneering metalcore bands—such as Integrity, Earth Crisis and Converge, all of which had formed by 1990—are described as leaning more toward hardcore, with their style sometimes being called metallic hardcore, whereas later bands—such as Killswitch Engage, All That Remains, Trivium, As I Lay Dying, Bullet for My Valentine, and Parkway Drive—are described as leaning more towards metal. Pantera and Sepultura (who influenced Trivium, Atreyu, Bleeding Through and Unearth) have been particularly influential to the development of metalcore in the 2000s, which saw many bands in the genre achieve commercial success.

neg: Electronicore Electronicore (also known as synthcore or trancecore) describes a stylistic fusion of metalcore with elements of various electronic music genres, such as trance, electronica, dubstep, or others. The term electronicore is a portmanteau of "electronic" and "metalcore". Notable artists of this genre have originated from the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia, Canada, France, Hong Kong and Japan.

neg: Instinct (Mandalay album) Instinct is the second full-length studio album by English trip hop duo Mandalay, released in 2000 through V2 Records. Two singles were released to help promote the album: "Deep Love" and "Not Seventeen".

neg: Arena rock Arena rock (known additionally by various names such as "AOR" or "album-oriented rock", "anthem rock", "corporate rock", "dad rock", "melodic rock", "pomp rock", and "stadium rock" ) is a style of rock music that originated in the mid-1970s. As hard rock bands and those playing a softer yet strident kind of pop rock became increasingly popular, groups creating material inherently designed for large audiences, arena rock developed from their use of more commercially oriented and radio-friendly sounds. The often highly-produced music, including both upbeat, dramatic songs and slower power ballads, features strong emphasis on melody and frequently employs anthemic choruses. Other major characteristics include prominent guitar effects and the use of keyboard instruments.

neg: Levitation (album) Levitation is the tenth studio album by English rock group Hawkwind, released in 1980. It peaked at No. 21 on the UK Albums Chart.

neg: Pop Levi Pop Levi (born Jonathan James Mark Levi 22 September 1977 in Surrey) is an English singer, multi-instrumentalist and record producer.

neg: Stephen the Levite Darrell Lynn Bell, Jr. (born July 2, 1981), who goes by the stage name Stephen the Levite or STL abbreviation, is an American Christian hip hop musician. "The Last Missionary" was released by Lamp Mode Recordings in 2012. This album would be his breakthrough release on the "Billboard" charts. He is a member of Christian hip hop collective, The Collective, with Timothy Brindle and Zae da Blacksmith. He is known for his complex flow patterns, and multi-syllable rhyme schemes.

neg: Post-industrial music Post-industrial music is a collection of related music genres that emerged in the early 1980s, all of which blended elements of varying styles with the then new genre of industrial music. "Industrial" had first been applied to music in the mid-1970s by the Industrial Records label artists. Since then, a number of labels and artists have come to be called "industrial". These offshoots include fusions with noise music, ambient music, folk music, industrial rock and electronic dance music, as well as other mutations and developments. The scene has spread worldwide, and is particularly well represented in North America, Europe, and Japan.


query: What does the logo on the vehicle that was the main competitor to the Nissan President represent?

pos: Nissan President The Nissan President (Japanese: 日産・プレジデント "Nissan Purejidento") was a Japanese luxury limousine produced by Nissan from 1965 to 2010. The car was mainly used by corporate executives and government officials. It was a luxury sedan specifically aimed to the Japanese market, where its main competitor was the Toyota Century. The President was the flagship limousine, and was sold at Nissan Motor Store dealerships. During the 1970s, it briefly saw other Japanese competitors introduce large sedans called the Isuzu Statesman de Ville and the Mazda Roadpacer (derived from General Motors-Australia products) which were short-lived.

pos: Toyota Century The Toyota Century (Japanese: トヨタ・センチュリー) is a large four-door limousine produced mainly for the Japanese market, serving as Toyota's flagship car within Japan; whilst globally the unrelated Lexus LS series is Toyota's flagship luxury model outside Japan. Production of the Century began in 1967 and the model received only minor changes until a redesign in 1997. The Century derived its name from the 100th birthday of Sakichi Toyoda, the founder of Toyota Industries. The Century was available with only a V8 engine, the third Japanese built sedan post-war, at its introduction in 1967 until a major redesign in 1997, and is now only available with a Toyota built V12, an engine unique to the Century. Although the Century is a premium, full size luxury sedan, it is not available at Japanese Lexus dealerships; it can only be purchased at specifically identified "Toyota Store" locations. The logo used throughout is called the "Hō-ō 鳳凰" or "Fushichō" from Asian mythology, representing the Imperial House of Japan.

neg: Prime Ministerial Limousine The Prime Ministerial Limousine is the official vehicle used by the Prime Minister of Australia. The current vehicle fleet is a BMW 7 Series . The Prime Ministerial and other Ministerial limousines are maintained by COMCAR, a subdivision of the Department of Finance. The vehicles are often referred to in the media and the community as "C1", which is the numberplate that the limousines feature. The Australian flag is centrally mounted on the bonnet of the vehicle.

neg: List of pickup trucks This page is an incomplete list of pickup trucks that are currently in production (as of April 2015). This page also includes Off-Roaders, Sports, Luxury, and Hybrids, both discontinued and still in production. Also, some vehicles are sold under different brands, therefore some vehicles may be listed more than once but usually link to the same page. Different countries/continents may also classify vehicles differently, example; the Nissan Navara name is known throughout most of the world, but in the United States and Canada, its sold as the Nissan Frontier, and in Mexico it's sold as the Nissan NP300

neg: Nissan Primera The Nissan Primera is a large family car which was produced by the Japanese automaker Nissan from 1990 to 2008, for the Japanese and European markets. In Japan, it replaced the Nissan Stanza & Auster, and was exclusive to "Nissan Prince Store" locations. It was a platform upgrade, with engine performance and suspension modifications of the .

neg: AMC Ambassador The Ambassador was the top-of-the-line automobile produced by the American Motors Corporation (AMC) from 1958 until 1974. The vehicle was known as the AMC Ambassador, Ambassador V-8 by Rambler, and Rambler Ambassador at various times during its tenure in production. Previously, the name Ambassador had applied to Nash's "senior" full-size cars.

neg: Kia Optima The Kia Optima is a mid-sized 4-door sedan manufactured by Kia Motors since 2000 and marketed globally through various nameplates. The Kia Optima mainly competes against cars such as Chevrolet's Malibu, Buick's Regal, Honda's Accord, Mitsubishi's Lancer, Nissan's Altima, Toyota's Camry and Volkswagen's Passat. First generation cars were mostly marketed as the Optima, although the Kia Magentis name was used in Europe and Canada when sales began there in 2002. For the second generation models, Kia used the Kia Lotze & Kia K5 name for the South Korean market, and the Magentis name globally, except in the United States, Canada, and Malaysia where the Optima name was retained. The Optima name is now going to be used for all markets except China, where they will also use the South Korean market name.

neg: Lexus LX The Lexus LX (Japanese: レクサス・LX, "Rekusasu LX") is a full-size luxury sport utility vehicle (SUV) sold by Lexus since January 1996 having entered manufacture in November 1995. Three generations have been produced, all based heavily on the long-running Toyota Land Cruiser SUVs. The first generation LX 450 started production in 1995 as Lexus' first entry into the SUV market. Its successor, the LX 470, premiered in 1998 and was produced until 2006. The latest, third-generation, LX 570 debuted at the New York International Auto Show in April 2007 as a complete redesign for the 2008 model year. The LX is not available in Japan where it is manufactured. The LX name stands for "Luxury Crossover". However, some Lexus importers use the backronymic name, "Luxury Four Wheel Drive".

neg: Prince Miler The Prince Miler is a medium-sized pickup truck built by the Prince Motor Company. It remained on the market for four years after the 1966 merger, when Prince dealerships became integrated within Nissan's organization as "Nissan Prince Store". By 1970, however, it was integrated with Nissan's newest generation of their offering in this class, the Junior.

neg: Lexus LFA The Lexus LFA (Japanese: レクサス・LFA, "Rekusasu LFA") is a two-seat sports car from Lexus. It is the second model in the F marque line of performance vehicles from Lexus, following the IS F. Three concept versions have been shown, each debuting at the North American International Auto Show with the LF-A designation as part of the LF Series concept line. After beginning development in the early 2000s (codenamed P280), the first LF-A concept premiered in 2005, followed in 2007 by a second LF-A with a more completely furnished interior and exterior. The third version of the LF-A, a roadster model, premiered in 2008. The production model, trademarked LFA, was shown at the Tokyo Motor Show in October 2009.

neg: Mitsubishi Debonair The Mitsubishi Debonair (Japanese 三菱・デボネア) is a four-door luxury car, introduced by Mitsubishi Motors in 1964 to serve as their flagship passenger vehicle in the Japanese domestic market. The word "debonair" means gentle, courteous, suave, lighthearted, or nonchalant.

neg: Nissan 180SX The Nissan 180SX is a fastback automobile that was produced by Nissan Motors between 1988 and 1998. It is based on the S13 chassis from the Nissan S platform with the variants receiving an R designation (ex. RS13 and RPS13), and was sold exclusively in Japan paired with the CA18 motor in the early models; later models paired with the SR20 motor. Outside Japan it was re-badged as the 200SX and in the US market as the Nissan 240SX paired with the single overhead cam KA24E motor and later with the dual-overhead model KA24DE.

neg: Yutaka Katayama Yutaka Katayama (片山豊, born Yutaka Asoh; 15 September 1909 – 19 February 2015), also known as Mr. K, was a Japanese automotive executive who was employed by Nissan and served as the first president of Nissan Motor Corporation U.S.A. Katayama expanded Nissan's focus from economy vehicles towards sportier vehicles, and is regarded by Datsun/Nissan Z Car enthusiasts as the father of the Z-Car, as well as the Datsun 510.

neg: Nissan 240SX The 240SX is a sports car that was introduced to the North American market by Nissan in 1988 for the following model year. It replaced the outgoing 200SX (S12) model. Most of the 240SX were equipped with the 2.4-liter inline 4 engine (KA24E from 1989–1990 and KA24DE from 1991–1999). The KA24E had a single overhead cam and KA24DE had dual overhead cams. Two distinct generations of the 240SX, the S13 (1989–1995) the S14 (1995-1999) were produced based on the Nissan S platform.

neg: Nissan Skyline GT-R The Nissan Skyline GT-R is a Japanese sports car based on the Nissan Skyline range.

neg: Nissan GT-R The Nissan GT-R (also known as Godzilla) is a 2-door 2+2 high performance vehicle produced by Nissan unveiled in 2007. It is the successor to the Nissan Skyline GT-R although no longer part of the Skyline range itself, the name having been given over to the R35 Series and having since left its racing roots.

neg: Chevrolet Captiva The Chevrolet Captiva is a sport utility vehicle (SUV) that was developed by the South Korean manufacturer Daewoo, and has been sold by Chevrolet since 2006. It is a crossover and straddles the compact and mid-size SUV segments. It utilises the GM Theta platform and derives from the Chevrolet S3X concept car revealed in 2004. The Theta platform also underpins the Opel Antara, the Captiva's mechanical derivative also built by Daewoo. Sold internationally as the "Chevrolet Captiva", South Korean-market cars were badged Daewoo Winstorm up until 2011, when the international name was adopted. Australasian-specification models are badged Holden Captiva.

neg: Nissan NV The Nissan NV is a term used by the car maker Nissan for a number of their commercial models:

neg: Nissan 370Z The Nissan 370Z (known as the Fairlady Z Z34 in Japan) is a 2-door, 2-seater sports car (S-segment in Europe) manufactured by Nissan Motor Company. It was announced on October 29, 2006 and was first shown at an event in Los Angeles ahead of the 2008 Greater LA Auto Show, before being officially unveiled at the show itself. The 370Z is the sixth-generation of the Nissan Z-car line, succeeding the 350Z.

neg: Nissan Avenir The Nissan Avenir is a line of station wagons beginning production in May 1990 by Nissan of Japan, with the budget minded delivery van starting out as the Avenir Cargo, then being renamed in 1999 as the Nissan Expert () aimed primarily at the commercial market. It replaced the long-serving Nissan Bluebird wagon/delivery van. It was a larger companion to the Nissan Wingroad/Nissan AD van. The Avenir Cargo also assumed load carrying duties of the discontinued Nissan Cedric and Gloria delivery vans. The Avenir appeared after the Subaru Legacy wagon, but before the Toyota Caldina wagon. The Avenir's appearance was not shared with another Nissan sedan, although it was sold as the estate version of the Primera in European markets.

neg: Nissan AZEAL The Nissan AZEAL was a concept car first released to the public at the 2005 North American International Auto Show. The concept is a sports coupé aimed at young drivers. The Azeal features trendy gadgetry, like an integrated cell phone and an MP3 player. The car's goals are to place emphasis on personality and aggressive styling as well as blend affordability with desirability. Penned by designers Ken Lee and David Wong, it is the first Nissan to come out of its new Farmington Hills, Michigan (Metro Detroit) design centre.

neg: AMC Hornet The AMC Hornet is a compact automobile which was manufactured and marketed by the American Motors Corporation (AMC) in a single generation from model years 1970 through 1977. The Hornet replaced the compact Rambler American marking the end of the Rambler marque in the American and Canadian markets. Hornets were also marketed in foreign markets, as well as assembled under license agreements with AMC that included Vehículos Automotores Mexicanos (VAM), Australian Motor Industries (AMI), and by Toyota S.A. Ltd. in South Africa.


query: Restless is a 2012 British TV adaptation of William Boyd's espionage novel "Restless" (2006), the film features Sir Michael John Gambon, an Irish-born English actor who has worked in theatre, television and film, born when?

pos: Restless (2012 miniseries) Restless is a 2012 British TV adaptation of William Boyd's espionage novel "Restless" (2006). Directed by Edward Hall, the film features Hayley Atwell, Rufus Sewell, Michelle Dockery, Michael Gambon and Charlotte Rampling. The two parts first aired on 27 and 28 December 2012 on BBC One.

pos: Michael Gambon Sir Michael John Gambon {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (born 19 October 1940) is an Irish-born English actor who has worked in theatre, television and film. Gambon has played the eponymous mystery writer protagonist in the BBC television serial "The Singing Detective", Jules Maigret in the 1990s ITV serial "Maigret", and Professor Albus Dumbledore in the final six "Harry Potter" films after the death of previous actor Richard Harris. He has won four BAFTA TV Awards and three Olivier Awards.

neg: Restless (novel) Restless is an espionage novel written by William Boyd, published in 2006. It won the Costa Prize for fiction.

neg: Duncan Duff Duncan Duff (born 1962 in Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom) is a British stage, television and film actor who trained at the Royal Academy of

neg: Michael Cumpsty Michael Cumpsty (born 28 February 1960) is a British actor. He has been acting since childhood. He has worked extensively performing Shakespeare, as well as both musicals and dramas on Broadway. He also performs in films and on television.

neg: Stephen Comey Stephen Comey (born in London, England in 1963) is an English Australian actor.

neg: Hugh Ross (actor) Hugh Ross (born 28 April 1945) is a Scottish actor, with a wide variety of British TV, film and theatre credits. He is known for his supporting roles in the films "Trainspotting" and "Bronson"; and for his performances as Major Mungo Munro in the "Sharpe TV series", and as Narcisse in Clive Barker’s "Nightbreed".

neg: Neil McDermott Neil McDermott (born 15 December 1980) is a British stage and television actor, who is best known for portraying Ryan Malloy in the BBC television soap opera "EastEnders".

neg: Michael Maloney Michael Maloney (born 19 June 1957) is an English actor.

neg: James Greene (actor) James Greene (born 19 May 1931 in Belfast, Northern Ireland) is an actor who has appeared in numerous plays and series on United Kingdom television over a 40-year period. He has often played lawyers, clergymen, army officers and latterly judges.

neg: Michael Wiseman Michael Wiseman (born April 12, 1967) is an American television and film actor. He is best known for his portrayal of Johnny Rizzo in the 2012 CBS series "Vegas".

neg: Patrick O'Connell (actor) Patrick O'Connell (born 29 January 1934, died 10 August 2017) was an Irish actor known for numerous performances on UK television, theatre and films. He was brought up in Birmingham, Warwickshire, England and after working in the office of a department store, he won a scholarship to train as an actor at RADA. He then appeared in repertory theatre, at the Royal Court Theatre and with the Royal Shakespeare Company and with Peter Brook.

neg: Nigel Bradshaw Nigel William Bradshaw (born 23 December 1951 in Coventry, Warwickshire) is a British-born actor, who is best remembered for his role as Dennis Cruickshank in the Australian television series "Prisoner".

neg: Michael Gambon on screen and stage The following is a list of film, television, theatre, and radio credits of actor Michael Gambon.

neg: Philip Franks Philip Franks (born 2 February 1956) is an English actor and theatre director, known to the public chiefly for his roles in British television series.

neg: Aidan McArdle Aidan McArdle (born 1970) is an Irish actor.

neg: John Boyd (actor) John H. Boyd (born October 22, 1981) is an American actor.

neg: Michael Keating (actor) Michael Keating (born 10 February 1947 in North London, England) is an English actor. He is best known as for his role as Vila Restal in the science fiction television series "Blake's 7".

neg: Michael Byrne (actor) Michael Byrne (born 7 November 1943) is an English actor noted for his roles in the National Theatre and in Hollywood films and on television.

neg: Donal Donnelly Donal Donnelly (6 July 1931 – 4 January 2010) was an Irish theatre and film actor. Perhaps best known for his work in the plays of Brian Friel, he had a long and varied career in film, on television and in the theatre. His travels - he lived in Ireland, the U.K. and the U.S. at various times - led to him describing himself as "" ... an itinerant Irish actor ..."".

neg: George Harris (actor) George William Harris (born 20 October 1949) is a British actor of film, stage, television, radio and musical theatre. His notable roles include Kingsley Shacklebolt in the "Harry Potter" film series, Captain Simon Katanga in "Raiders of the Lost Ark" and Clive King in popular medical drama "Casualty", where he was one of the original cast members. He also played real-life Somali warlord Osman Ali Atto in the 2001 film "Black Hawk Down".

neg: John Warnaby John Warnaby is a British actor who has appeared extensively in film and television.


query: The event that caused Sir Christopher Wren to design a new cathedral consumed how many houses?

pos: Christ Church Greyfriars Christ Church Greyfriars, also known as Christ Church Newgate Street, was a church in Newgate Street, opposite St Paul's Cathedral in the City of London. Established as a monastic church in the thirteenth century, it became a parish church after the dissolution of the monastery. Following its destruction in the Great Fire of London of 1666, it was rebuilt to the designs of Sir Christopher Wren. Except for the tower, the church was largely destroyed by bombing during the Second World War. The ruins are now a public garden.

pos: Great Fire of London The Great Fire of London was a major conflagration that swept through the central parts of the English city of London from Sunday, 2 September to Wednesday, 5 September 1666. The fire gutted the medieval City of London inside the old Roman city wall. It threatened but did not reach the aristocratic district of Westminster, Charles II's Palace of Whitehall, and most of the suburban slums. It consumed 13,200 houses, 87 parish churches, St Paul's Cathedral, and most of the buildings of the City authorities. It is estimated to have destroyed the homes of 70,000 of the City's 80,000 inhabitants.

neg: English Baroque English Baroque is a term sometimes used to refer to the developments in English architecture that were parallel to the evolution of Baroque architecture in continental Europe between the Great Fire of London (1666) and the Treaty of Utrecht (1713).

neg: St. George's Cathedral, Chennai St. George’s Cathedral is a Church of South India (previously "Church of England" and "Anglican") cathedral in Chennai, India. The cathedral was built in 1815. St. George’s occupies an important place in the history of Christianity in India, as the Church of South India was inaugurated here on September 27, 1947. The Cathedral was packed and the big pandal outside held over 2,000 people. It marked the breaking down of ecclesiastical barriers between Protestants of various traditions.

neg: Great Fire of Turku The Great Fire of Turku (Finnish: "Turun palo" and Swedish: "Åbo brand" ) was a conflagration that is still the largest urban fire in the history of Finland and the Nordic countries. The fires started burning on 4 September 1827 in burgher Carl Gustav Hellman’s house on the Aninkaistenmäki hill slightly before 9 p.m. The fire quickly swept through the northern quarter, spread to the southern quarter and jumped the Aura River, setting the Cathedral Quarter on fire before midnight. By the next day, the fire had destroyed 75% of the city. Only 25% of the city was spared, mainly the western and southern portions.

neg: Church architecture of England Church architecture of England refers to the architecture of buildings of Christian churches in England. It has evolved over the two thousand years of the Christian religion, partly by innovation and partly by imitating other architectural styles as well as responding to changing beliefs, practices and local traditions. Christian architecture encompasses a wide range of both secular and religious styles from the foundation of Christianity to the present day, influencing the design and construction of buildings and structures in Christian culture. From the birth of Christianity to the present, the most significant period of transformation for Christian architecture and design was the Gothic cathedral.

neg: St Olave Old Jewry St Olave, Old Jewry sometimes known as "Upwell Old Jewry" was a church in the City of London located between the street called Old Jewry and Ironmonger Lane. Destroyed in the Great Fire of London in 1666, the church was rebuilt by the office of Sir Christopher Wren. The church was demolished in 1887, except for the tower and west wall, which remain today.

neg: Great fire of Hamburg The Great fire of Hamburg began early on May 5, 1842 in Deichstraße and burned until the morning of May 8, destroying about one third of the buildings in the Altstadt. 51 people were killed and 1,700 residences and several important public buildings were destroyed. The fire required major rebuilding of the city and led to improvements in its infrastructure. The heavy demand on insurance companies also led to the establishment of reinsurance.

neg: St Paul's Survives St Paul's Survives is a photograph taken in London during the night air raid of 29/30 December 1940, the 114th night of the Blitz of World War II. It shows St Paul's Cathedral, illuminated by fires and surrounded by the smoke of burning buildings. It was taken by photographer Herbert Mason in the early hours of 30 December, from the roof of Northcliffe House, the "Daily Mail" building on Tudor Street, close to Fleet Street.

neg: Rebuilding of London Act 1670 The Rebuilding of London Act 1670 is an Act of the Parliament of England (22 Cha II c. 11) with the long title "Act for the rebuilding of the City of London, uniting of Parishes and rebuilding of the Cathedral and Parochial Churches within the said City."

neg: Windsor Castle Windsor Castle is a royal residence at Windsor in the English county of Berkshire. It is notable for its long association with the English and later British royal family and for its architecture. The original castle was built in the 11th century after the Norman invasion of England by William the Conqueror. Since the time of Henry I, it has been used by the reigning monarch and is the longest-occupied palace in Europe. The castle's lavish early 19th-century State Apartments were described by the art historian Hugh Roberts as "a superb and unrivalled sequence of rooms widely regarded as the finest and most complete expression of later Georgian taste". Inside the castle walls is the 15th-century St George's Chapel, considered by the historian John Martin Robinson to be "one of the supreme achievements of English Perpendicular Gothic" design.

neg: St Andrews Cathedral The Cathedral of St Andrew (often referred to as St Andrews Cathedral) is a ruined Roman Catholic cathedral in St Andrews, Fife, Scotland. It was built in 1158 and became the centre of the Medieval Catholic Church in Scotland as the seat of the Archdiocese of St Andrews and the Bishops and Archbishops of St Andrews. It fell into disuse and ruin after Catholic mass was outlawed during the 16th-century Scottish Reformation. It is currently a monument in the custody of Historic Scotland. The ruins indicate that the building was approximately 119 m long, and is the largest church to have been built in Scotland.

neg: Great Seattle Fire The Great Seattle Fire was a fire that destroyed the entire central business district of Seattle, Washington, on June 6, 1889. The fire burned for several hours, destroying 25 blocks and causing as much as $20 million in damage ($527 million in today's dollars).

neg: Great Thessaloniki Fire of 1917 The Great Thessaloniki Fire of 1917 (Greek: Μεγάλη Πυρκαγιά της Θεσσαλονίκης, 1917 ) destroyed two thirds of the city of Thessaloniki, the second-largest city in Greece, leaving more than 70,000 homeless. The fire burned for 32 hours and destroyed 9,500 houses within an extent of 1 square kilometer. Half the Jewish population emigrated from the city as their livelihoods were gone. Rather than quickly rebuilding, the government commissioned the French architect Ernest Hébrard to design a new urban plan for the burned areas Thessaloniki and for the future expansion of the city. His designs are still evident in the city, most notably Aristotelous Square, although some of his most grandiose plans were never completed due to a lack of funds.

neg: William Ramsey (architect) William Ramsey (fl. 1323 – died 1349) was an English Gothic architect, descended from the De Ramsey family of master masons whose work can be found at Ramsey Abbey, Norwich Cathedral, Ely Cathedral, and possibly also in Paris, according to John Harvey. William Ramsey was responsible for the chapter house at Old St Paul's Cathedral (1332, destroyed), an early example of Perpendicular Gothic, and the presbytery of Lichfield Cathedral (1337). He also worked on the St Stephen's Chapel (since destroyed) at the Palace of Westminster.

neg: St Christopher le Stocks St Christopher le Stocks was a parish church on the south side of Threadneedle Street in the Broad Street Ward of the City of London. Of Medieval origin, it was rebuilt following the Great Fire of London in 1666, but demolished in 1781 to make way for an extension of the neighbouring Bank of England.

neg: 1755 Lisbon earthquake The 1755 Lisbon earthquake, also known as the Great Lisbon earthquake, occurred in the Kingdom of Portugal on Saturday, 1 November, the holy day of All Saints' Day, at around 09:40 local time. In combination with subsequent fires and a tsunami, the earthquake almost totally destroyed Lisbon and adjoining areas. Seismologists today estimate the Lisbon earthquake had a magnitude in the range 8.5–9.0 on the moment magnitude scale, with its epicentre in the Atlantic Ocean about 200 km (120 mi) west-southwest of Cape St. Vincent. Estimates place the death toll in Lisbon alone between 10,000 and 100,000 people, making it one of the deadliest earthquakes in history.

neg: Cheshunt Great House Cheshunt Great House was a manor house in the town of Cheshunt, Hertfordshire, England, near to Waltham Abbey. It is said to have been built by Henry VIII of England for Cardinal Thomas Wolsey. The family home of the Shaw family for over a century, by the late 19th century it was used a Freemasons Hall and was later used during World War II. After the war, the hall was too costly to run and was opened to the public until a fire gutted it in 1965.

neg: St Bartholomew-by-the-Exchange St. Bartholomew-by-the-Exchange was a church in the City of London located on Bartholomew Lane, off Threadneedle Street. Recorded since the 13th century, the church was destroyed in the Great Fire of 1666, then rebuilt by the office of Sir Christopher Wren. The rebuilt church was demolished in 1840.

neg: Commissioners' church A Commissioners' church, also known as a Waterloo church and Million Act church, is an Anglican church in the United Kingdom built with money voted by Parliament as a result of the Church Building Acts of 1818 and 1824. The 1818 Act supplied a grant of money and established the Church Building Commission to direct its use, and in 1824 made a further grant of money. In addition to paying for the building of churches, the Commission had powers to divide and subdivide parishes, and to provide endowments. The Commission continued to function as a separate body until the end of 1856, when it was absorbed into the Ecclesiastical Commission. In some cases the Commissioners provided the full cost of the new church; in other cases they provided a grant and the balance was raised locally.

neg: Ordsall Hall Ordsall Hall is a historic house and a former stately home in Ordsall, an area of Salford, in Greater Manchester, England. It dates back more than 750 years, although the oldest surviving parts of the present hall were built in the 15th century. The most important period of Ordsall Hall's life was as the family seat of the Radclyffe family, who lived in the house for more than 300 years. The hall was the setting for William Harrison Ainsworth's 1842 novel "Guy Fawkes", written around the plausible although unsubstantiated local story that the Gunpowder Plot of 1605 was planned in the house.

neg: Great Stink The Great Stink was an event in central London in July and August 1858 during which the hot weather exacerbated the smell of untreated human waste and industrial effluent that was present on the banks of the River Thames. The problem had been mounting for some years, with an ageing and inadequate sewer system that emptied directly into the Thames. The miasma from the effluent was thought to transmit contagious diseases, and three outbreaks of cholera prior to the Great Stink were blamed on the ongoing problems with the river.


query: The 2011 TCU Horned Frogs football team, were led by which American football coach, and former player?

pos: 2011 TCU Horned Frogs football team The 2011 TCU Horned Frogs football team represented Texas Christian University in the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Horned Frogs were led by 11th-year head coach Gary Patterson and played their home games at Amon G. Carter Stadium. They were members of the Mountain West Conference. They finished the season 11–2, 7–0 in Mountain West play to win their third straight conference championship. They were invited to the Poinsettia Bowl, where they defeated Western Athletic Conference champion Louisiana Tech, 31–24.

pos: Gary Patterson Gary Allen Patterson (born February 13, 1960) is an American football coach and former player. He is the head football coach at Texas Christian University and the winningest coach in Horned Frogs' history. Patterson has led the TCU Horned Frogs to six conference championships—one Conference USA title in 2002; four Mountain West Conference titles in 2005, 2009, 2010 and 2011; and one Big 12 Conference title in 2014—and nine bowl game victories—including victories in the 2011 Rose Bowl and 2014 Peach Bowl. His 2010 squad finished the season undefeated at 13–0 after a 21-19 Rose Bowl victory over the Wisconsin Badgers on New Year's Day 2011, and ranked second in the final tallying of both major polls.

neg: 1990 TCU Horned Frogs football team The 1990 TCU Horned Frogs football team represented Texas Christian University (TCU) in the 1990 NCAA Division I-A football season. The Horned Frogs finished the season 5–6 overall and 3–5 in the Southwest Conference. The team was coached by Jim Wacker, in his eighth year as head coach. The Frogs played their home games in Amon G. Carter Stadium, which is located on campus in Fort Worth, Texas.

neg: Matt Campbell (American football coach) Matthew Allen Campbell (born November 29, 1979) is an American football coach who is the current head coach at Iowa State University. He was head coach at Toledo from 2011 to 2015. Prior to that, Campbell had been an assistant at Toledo, Bowling Green, and Mount Union. Campbell grew up in Ohio and briefly attended the University of Pittsburgh before transferring to Mount Union, where he played defensive line.

neg: Kenny Hill (quarterback) Kenneth Wade Hill, Jr. (born December 20, 1994), is an American college football quarterback for the TCU Horned Frogs. He previously played for the Texas A&M Aggies. In his first start with the Aggies, he broke Johnny Manziel's school single-game passing yards record with 511 yards.

neg: Tony Oden Anthony Earl Oden (born June 30, 1973) is an American football coach and former player. Oden played collegiately as an outside linebacker at Baldwin–Wallace College in the early 1990s.

neg: Turner Gill Turner Hillery Gill (born August 13, 1962) is an American football coach and former player. He is currently the head football coach at Liberty University. Gill's previous coaching job was as the head coach at University of Kansas from 2010–2011, and at the University at Buffalo before that. He was one of 11 black head coaches in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision at the time of his hiring.

neg: 1998 TCU Horned Frogs football team The 1998 TCU Horned Frogs football team represented Texas Christian University (TCU) in the 1998 NCAA Division I-A football season. The Horned Frogs finished the season 7–5 overall and 4–4 in the Western Athletic Conference. The team was coached by Dennis Franchione. The Frogs played their home games in Amon G. Carter Stadium, which is located on campus in Fort Worth, Texas.

neg: 1976 TCU Horned Frogs football team The 1976 TCU Horned Frogs football team represented Texas Christian University (TCU) in the 1976 NCAA Division I football season. The Horned Frogs finished the season 0–11 overall and 0–8 in the Southwest Conference. The team was coached by Jim Shofner, in his third and final year as head coach. The Frogs played their home games in Amon G. Carter Stadium, which is located on campus in Fort Worth, Texas.

neg: 1984 TCU Horned Frogs football team The 1984 TCU Horned Frogs football team represented Texas Christian University (TCU) in the 1984 NCAA Division I-A football season. The Horned Frogs finished the season 8–4 overall and 5–3 in the Southwest Conference. The team was coached by Jim Wacker, in his second year as head coach. The Frogs played their home games in Amon G. Carter Stadium, which is located on campus in Fort Worth, Texas. They were invited to the Astro-Bluebonnet Bowl where they lost to West Virginia by a score of 14–31.

neg: 1936 TCU Horned Frogs football team The 1936 TCU Horned Frogs football team represented Texas Christian University (TCU) in the 1936 college football season. The team was coached by Dutch Meyer in his third year as coach, finishing the season 9–2–2 (4–1–1 SWC). The offense scored 160 points while the defense allowed 58 points. The Frogs defeated Marquette in the inaugural Cotton Bowl Classic.

neg: Clifton Gilliard Clifton Gilliard is a former American football player, coach, and college athletics administrator. He has served the head football coach, head men's track and field and cross country coach, and interim athletic director at Prairie View A&M University.

neg: Tommy Lee (gridiron football) Tommy Lee (born September 11, 1941) is an American former football player and coach. He served as the head football coach at Willamette University from 1974 to 1981, and the University of Montana Western from 2001 to 2007, compiling an overall college football record of 66–79–2. After more than 40 years in the coaching profession, Lee retired from coaching in December 2012.

neg: Mike Brumbelow Lester Michael "Mike" Brumbelow (July 13, 1906 – August 11, 1977) was an American football and basketball player and coach. He played football and basketball for Texas Christian University from 1927 to 1929 and was the captain and most valuable player of the TCU Horned Frogs undefeated 1929 football team that won the school's first Southwest Conference championship. He later served as an assistant football coach and head basketball coach at TCU from 1936 to 1941. He served in the U.S. Navy during World War II and attained the rank of lieutenant commander. After the war, he served as an assistant football coach at the University of Mississippi from 1946 to 1948. From 1950 to 1956 he was the head football coach at Texas Western College, now the University of Texas at El Paso; he also served as the school's athletic director from 1950 to 1959.

neg: 2015 TCU Horned Frogs football team The 2015 TCU Horned Frogs football team represented Texas Christian University (TCU) in the 2015 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The 120th TCU football team played as a member of the Big 12 Conference (Big 12), led by 15th-year head coach Gary Patterson. The Horned Frogs played their home games at Amon G. Carter Stadium in Fort Worth, Texas.

neg: 1997 TCU Horned Frogs football team The 1997 TCU Horned Frogs football team represented Texas Christian University (TCU) in the 1997 NCAA Division I-A football season. The Horned Frogs finished the season 1–10 overall and 1–7 in the Western Athletic Conference. The team was coached by Pat Sullivan, in his sixth and final year as head coach. The Frogs played their home games in Amon G. Carter Stadium, which is located on campus in Fort Worth, Texas.

neg: 1944 TCU Horned Frogs football team The 1944 TCU Horned Frogs football team represented Texas Christian University (TCU) in the 1944 college football season. The Horned Frogs finished the season 7–3–1 overall and 3–1–1 in the Southwest Conference. The team was coached by Dutch Meyer in his eleventh year as head coach. The Frogs played their home games in Amon G. Carter Stadium, which is located on campus in Fort Worth, Texas. They were invited to the Cotton Bowl Classic where they lost to Oklahoma A&M by a score of 0–34.

neg: 1980 TCU Horned Frogs football team The 1980 TCU Horned Frogs football team represented Texas Christian University (TCU) in the 1980 NCAA Division I-A football season. The Horned Frogs finished the season 1–10 overall and 1–7 in the Southwest Conference. The team was coached by F. A. Dry, in his fourth year as head coach. The Frogs played their home games in Amon G. Carter Stadium, which is located on campus in Fort Worth, Texas.

neg: 1947 TCU Horned Frogs football team The 1947 TCU Horned Frogs football team represented Texas Christian University (TCU) in the 1947 college football season. The Horned Frogs finished the season 4–5–2 overall and 2–3–1 in the Southwest Conference. The team was coached by Dutch Meyer in his fourteenth year as head coach. The Frogs played their home games in Amon G. Carter Stadium, which is located on campus in Fort Worth, Texas. They were invited to the Delta Bowl where they lost to Ole Miss by a score of 13–9.

neg: Clay Hendrix Clayton David Hendrix (born July 16, 1963) is an American football coach and former player. He is the head football coach at Furman University, a position he assumed in December 2016.

neg: Jamie Dixon James Patrick Dixon II (born November 10, 1965) is an American basketball coach and the current head coach of the TCU Horned Frogs men's basketball team. He previously served as the head coach of the University of Pittsburgh men's basketball team from 2003 through 2016.

neg: Randy Ball Randy Ball (born February 23, 1951) is a former American college football player and coach. He served as the head coach at Western Illinois University (WIU) from 1990 to 1998, and Missouri State University (MSU) from 1999 through 2005, compiling an overall record of 98 wins, 83 losses, and one tie. Ball is currently a pro personnel scouting assistant for the Kansas City Chiefs of the National Football League (NFL), a position he has held since May 2013.


query: Where is the state park that provices access toa single 93 mi river that flows northwestward through the southern Appalachian Mountains>

pos: Hiwassee/Ocoee Scenic River State Park The Hiwassee/Ocoee Scenic River State Park is a Tennessee state park in Polk County, Tennessee, United States, that provides access to the Hiwassee and Ocoee rivers.

pos: Toccoa/Ocoee River The Toccoa River and Ocoee River are the names in use for a single 93 mi river that flows northwestward through the southern Appalachian Mountains of the southeastern United States. It is a tributary of the Hiwassee River, which it joins in Polk County, Tennessee, near the town of Benton. Three power generating dams are operated along it.

neg: Shawnee State Park (Ohio) Shawnee State Park is a state park in Scioto County, Ohio, United States. The park is in the foothills of the Appalachian Mountains near the Ohio River in Southern Ohio on State Route 125, just north of Friendship. It is surrounded by Shawnee State Forest. Shawnee State Park was once a hunting ground for the Shawnee Indians. The park was first opened in 1922 as Theodore Roosevelt state game preserve. The game preserve was converted into a state park during the Great Depression by the Civilian Conservation Corps.

neg: Great Eastern Trail The Great Eastern Trail is a north-south hiking route that runs roughly 1600 mi through the Appalachian Mountains west of the Appalachian Trail in the eastern United States. It is still under development as of 2016. From south to north, it runs from Flagg Mountain through Alabama, Georgia, Tennessee, Kentucky, West Virginia, Virginia, Maryland and Pennsylvania, ending in western New York state. A connection from Flagg Mountain south to the Florida-Georgia border is considered "Phase II Development".

neg: Buffalo National River The Buffalo River, located in northern Arkansas, was the first National River to be designated in the United States. The Buffalo River is 153 mi long. The lower 135 mi flow within the boundaries of an area managed by the National Park Service, where the stream is designated the Buffalo National River. The river flows through Newton, Searcy, Marion, and Baxter Counties, from west to east. The river originates in the highest part of Boston Mountains of the Ozarks, flows out onto the Springfield Plateau near the historic community of Erbie, and finally crosses a portion of the Salem Plateau just before joining the White River. The Park is home to the state's only elk herd. The upper section of the river in the Ozark National Forest is managed by the U.S. Forest Service and is designated as a National Scenic River and a National Wild River; that section is not part of the area managed as a park by the Park Service, but is managed as a part of the Ozark National Forest.

neg: Big South Fork of the Cumberland River The Big South Fork of the Cumberland River is a 76 mi river in the U.S. states of Tennessee and Kentucky. It is a major drainage feature of the Cumberland Plateau, a major tributary of the Cumberland River system, a world-class whitewater canoeing and kayaking stream, and the major feature of the Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area.

neg: Shenandoah Valley The Shenandoah Valley is a geographic valley and cultural region of western Virginia and the Eastern Panhandle of West Virginia in the United States. The valley is bounded to the east by the Blue Ridge Mountains, to the west by the eastern front of the Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians (excluding Massanutten Mountain), to the north by the Potomac River and to the south by the James River. The cultural region covers a larger area that includes all of the valley plus the Virginia highlands to the west, and the Roanoke Valley to the south. It is physiographically located within the Ridge and Valley province and is a portion of the Great Appalachian Valley.

neg: Fall Creek Falls State Park Fall Creek Falls State Resort Park is a state park in Van Buren and Bledsoe counties, in the U. S. state of Tennessee. The over 26000 acre park is centered on the upper Cane Creek Gorge, an area known for its unique geological formations and scenic waterfalls. The park's namesake is the 256 ft Fall Creek Falls, the highest free-fall waterfall east of the Mississippi River.

neg: Patuxent River State Park Patuxent River State Park is a public recreation area located along the upper reaches of the Patuxent River in Howard and Montgomery counties in Maryland. The state park features hunting, fishing, mountain biking, horseback riding, and hiking on unsigned and untended trails. Planning for the park began in 1963, with the Maryland General Assembly funding land purchases in each year from 1964 to 1968. It is part of the Northeastern coastal forests ecoregion.

neg: Snake Den Ridge Trail The Snake Den Ridge Trail is an American hiking trail in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park of Cocke County, Tennessee. Winding its way up the backbone-like crest of Snake Den Ridge, the trail connects the Cosby Campground to the Appalachian Trail and provides the quickest access to the high peaks of the Eastern Smokies. The trail passes through three forest types— a mixed deciduous forest at its lower elevations, a substantial stand of heath bald on the more narrow sections of the ridge crest, and an old growth northern-style coniferous forest at its higher elevations.

neg: Burgess Falls State Park Burgess Falls State Park is a state park and state natural area in Putnam County and White County, Tennessee, located in the southeastern United States. The park is situated around a steep gorge in which the Falling Water River drops 250 ft in elevation in less than a mile, culminating in a 136 ft cataract waterfall.

neg: Rockcastle River The Rockcastle River is a 54.8 mi river primarily in Rockcastle County, Kentucky, United States. It is a tributary of the Cumberland River and therefore, via the Ohio River, part of the Mississippi River watershed. In 1750 it was discovered and named the "Lawless River" by Dr. Thomas Walker and his exploring party. It was soon renamed by hunter Isaac Lindsey for its castle-like rock formations. It is about 60 to wide throughout its length. The river has an important native walleye population that has stabilized in recent years. A trip down the lower Rockcastle is one of the most remote trips into the Appalachian wilderness you can have without hiking the Appalachian Trail.

neg: Valley of the Rogue State Park Valley of the Rogue State Park is a state park in west central Jackson County, Oregon, near Grants Pass and Medford, and is administered by the Oregon Parks and Recreation Department. It lies along the banks of the Rogue River, adjacent to Interstate 5. The park offers a year-round, full-service campground, a nature trail, a day-use area, and river access for boating, fishing, and swimming.

neg: Hundred-Mile Wilderness The Hundred-Mile Wilderness is the section of the Appalachian Trail running between Abol Bridge just south of Baxter State Park and Monson in the state of Maine. It is generally considered the wildest section of the Appalachian Trail, and one of the most challenging to navigate and traverse. This section of the A.T. is crossed by several logging roads and is maintained by the Maine Appalachian Trail Club. It consists of a small corridor of protected wilderness surrounded by large tracts of public and private land controlled by paper companies. An increasing amount of the adjoining lands are being protected by groups like the Appalachian Mountain Club and the Nature Conservancy.

neg: Pinnacle Creek Pinnacle Creek is a tributary of the Guyandotte River, 26.6 mi long, in southern West Virginia in the United States. Via the Guyandotte and Ohio rivers, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River, draining an area of 57.23 sqmi in a rural area on the unglaciated portion of the Allegheny Plateau.

neg: Ed Jenkins National Recreation Area Ed Jenkins National Recreation Area, formerly proposed as Springer Mountain National Recreation Area, is a National Recreation Area in Fannin and Union counties in the U.S. state of Georgia. Located in Chattahoochee-Oconee National Forest, the national recreation area was established in 1991 by Public Law 102-458. It is administered by the U.S. Forest Service and contains approximately 23330 acre . Prior to its establishment the area was known as the proposed Springer Mountain National Recreation Area. Springer Mountain, near the center of the recreation area, is the southern terminus of the Appalachian Trail.

neg: Rapidan River The Rapidan River, flowing 88 mi through north-central Virginia in the United States, is the largest tributary of the Rappahannock River. The two rivers converge just west of the city of Fredericksburg. The Rapidan River begins west of Doubletop Mountain in Shenandoah National Park where the Mill Prong meets the Laurel Prong at Rapidan Camp, approximately 3 mi south of Big Meadows.

neg: Collins River The Collins River is a 67 mi stream in the east-central portion of Middle Tennessee in the United States. It is a tributary of the Caney Fork, and is part of the Cumberland, Ohio and Mississippi watersheds. The river drains the scenic Savage Gulf area, located just below the river's source, and empties into Great Falls Lake at Rock Island State Park.

neg: Mather Gorge Mather Gorge is a river gorge south and just downriver of Great Falls in the state of Maryland bordering Virginia. The Maryland land side of the gorge is Bear Island, part of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park, and the Virginia side is part of Great Falls Park. Both parks are National Park Service sites. The gorge is named after Stephen Mather, the first director of the National Park Service.

neg: Jay Cooke State Park Jay Cooke State Park is a state park of Minnesota, United States, protecting the lower reaches of the St. Louis River. The park is located about 10 mi southwest of Duluth and is one of the ten most visited state parks in Minnesota. The western half of the park contains part of a rocky, 13 mi gorge. This was a major barrier to Native Americans and early Europeans traveling by canoe, which they bypassed with the challenging Grand Portage of the St. Louis River. The river was a vital link connecting the Mississippi waterways to the west with the Great Lakes to the east.

neg: Bear Mountain State Park Bear Mountain State Park is a 5205 acre state park located on the west side of the Hudson River in Rockland County, New York. The park offers biking, hiking, boating, picnicking, swimming, cross-country skiing, cross-country running, sledding and ice skating. It also includes several facilities such as the Perkins Memorial Tower, the Trailside Museum and Zoo, the Bear Mountain Inn, a merry-go-round, pool, and a skating rink. It is managed by the Palisades Interstate Park Commission.

neg: Little River State Park Little River State Park is a campground state park on the 850-acre Waterbury Reservoir in Waterbury, Vermont. It is located in Mount Mansfield State Forest.


query: Who constructed and operated Basin F at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal through late 20th century?

pos: Basin F Basin F was constructed by the United States Army in 1956 at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal, to provide for the disposal of contaminated liquid wastes from the chemical manufacturing operations of the Army and its lessee Shell Chemical Company.

pos: Rocky Mountain Arsenal The Rocky Mountain Arsenal was a United States chemical weapons manufacturing center located in the Denver Metropolitan Area in Commerce City, Colorado. The site was completed December 1942, operated by the United States Army throughout the later 20th century and was controversial among local residents until its closure in 1992.

neg: Charleston Arsenal The Charleston Arsenal was a United States Army arsenal facility in Charleston, South Carolina, seized by state militia at the outbreak of the American Civil War. On June 21, 1996, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places as Porter Military Academy.

neg: Charlestown Arsenal The Charlestown Arsenal was an arsenal of the United States Army that existed from 1794 to 1816 in Charlestown, Boston. Abandoned at the end of the War of 1812, the land was turned over to the United States Navy, which then built the Charlestown Navy Yard beginning in 1816.

neg: Armed Forces Special Weapons Project The Armed Forces Special Weapons Project (AFSWP) was a United States military agency responsible for those aspects of nuclear weapons remaining under military control after the Manhattan Project was succeeded by the Atomic Energy Commission on 1 January 1947. These responsibilities included the maintenance, storage, surveillance, security and handling of nuclear weapons, as well as supporting nuclear testing. The AFSWP was a joint organization, staffed by the United States Army, United States Navy and United States Air Force; its chief was supported by deputies from the other two services. Major General Leslie R. Groves, the former head of the Manhattan Project, was its first chief.

neg: Harbor Defenses of New Bedford The Harbor Defenses of New Bedford was a United States Army Coast Artillery Corps harbor defense command. It coordinated the coast defenses of New Bedford, Massachusetts and the nearby Cape Cod Canal from 1900 to 1950, beginning with the Endicott program. These included a coast artillery fort (Fort Rodman, a.k.a. Fort Taber) and an underwater minefield. The command originated circa 1900 as the New Bedford Artillery District, was renamed Coast Defenses of New Bedford in 1913, and again renamed Harbor Defenses of New Bedford in 1925.

neg: Southern Pacific (narrow gauge) The Southern Pacific narrow gauge is the informal name given to a network of narrow gauge railroad lines operated by the Southern Pacific Railroad (SP) in western Nevada and eastern California. The SP narrow gauge system operated on the tracks of the former Carson and Colorado Railway which was purchased by SP in 1900. The line was originally built by the Virginia and Truckee Railroad. It was later purchased by the Southern Pacific, the line made enough profit to repay the purchase price within only one month. However, in later years the line was not as profitable, although it was enough to justify dieselizing the line, one of the few such cases in the United States.

neg: Confederate Powderworks The Confederate Powderworks (a.k.a. the Augusta Powderworks) was a gunpowder factory during the American Civil War, the only permanent structures completed by the Confederate States of America. Colonel George Rains chose the old United States Arsenal site between the Canal and Savannah River in Augusta, Georgia as a secure inland location with good rail and water connections.

neg: SM-1 SM-1 was a 2-megawatt nuclear reactor developed by the United States Atomic Energy Commission for the US Army Nuclear Power Program (ANPP) in the mid-1950s. The compact "package" reactor was designed to produce electricity and generate heat for remote military facilities. The first, the SM-1, served as the Army's primary training facility to train reactor operations personnel from all three services (Army, Navy and Air Force). In 1954, the Department of Defense placed the US Army in charge of all military nuclear power plants except those used for propulsion by the US Navy. The Army's Chief of Engineers established the US Army Engineer Reactors Group in April 1954, and decided to construct the SM-1 facility at the Corps of Engineers headquarters at Fort Belvoir, Virginia, about 18 miles south of Washington, D.C.. About 800 personnel were trained on the SM-1 during its operational life, from 1957 to 1973. The power plant was shut down in March 1973, and is monitored within a "restricted access" section of the post. Inspectors enter the shut-down operations control room every decade or so, and the building may be demolished "about 50 years" after the reactor core was removed, possibly around 2030.

neg: Peterson Air Force Base Peterson Air Force Base is a U.S. Air Force Base that shares an airfield with the adjacent Colorado Springs Municipal Airport, also having the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) and United States Northern Command (USNORTHCOM) headquarters. Developed as a World War II air support base for Camp Carson, the facility conducted Army Air Forces training and supported Cold War air defense centers at the nearby Ent Air Force Base, Chidlaw Building, and Cheyenne Mountain Complex. The base has been the location of the Air Force Space Command headquarters since 1987 and has had NORAD/NORTHCOM command center operations since the 2006 Cheyenne Mountain Realignment placed the nearby Cheyenne Mountain Complex centers on standby.

neg: Fort Assinniboine Fort Assinniboine was a United States Army fort located in present-day Montana (historically within the military Department of Dakota), built in 1879 and in operation through 1911.

neg: Army Nuclear Power Program The Army Nuclear Power Program (ANPP) was a program of the United States Army to develop small pressurized water and boiling water nuclear power reactors to generate electrical and space-heating energy primarily at remote, relatively inaccessible sites. The ANPP had several accomplishments, but ultimately it was considered to be "a solution in search of a problem." The U.S. Army Engineer Reactors Group managed this program and it was headquartered at Fort Belvoir, Virginia. The program began in 1954 and had effectively terminated by about 1977, with the last class of NPP operators graduating in 1977. Work continued for some time thereafter either for decommissioning of the plants or placing them into SAFSTOR (long term storage and monitoring before decommissioning). The current development of small modular reactors has led to a renewed interest in military applications.

neg: Arsenal Credit Union Arsenal Credit Union (ACU) is a state-chartered credit union headquartered in Arnold, Missouri, and serving the St. Louis metropolitan area, chartered and regulated under the authority of the Missouri Division of Credit Unions. Member deposits are insured by the National Credit Union Administration (NCUA), a U.S. government agency. As of August 2016, ACU has approximately $217 million in assets, more than 25,000 members and six branches. It is the 10th-largest credit union in the St. Louis area and the 14th-largest in Missouri, based on asset size.

neg: Wild Basin Ranger Station The Wild Basin Ranger Station is located in the southeastern portion of Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado. Built in 1932, the ranger station is an example of National Park Service rustic architecture, built to plans by the National Park Service Branch of Plans and Design. The log structure is roofed with wood shingles and rests on a concrete foundation. The interior consists of three rooms, used for administrative and residential purposes.

neg: 20th Engineer Brigade (United States) The 20th Engineer Brigade is a combat engineer brigade assigned to the XVIII Airborne Corps of the United States Army stationed at Fort Bragg, North Carolina. Although the brigade was identified as an airborne unit, not all of its subordinate units were airborne qualified—despite the airborne tab as part of the unit patch. Soldiers of the 20th Engineer Brigade provide various supportive duties to other Army units, including construction, engineering, and mechanical work on other Army projects.

neg: State Arsenal (Lincoln, Nebraska) The State Arsenal, built in 1913, was the first permanent facility provided by the Nebraska Legislature for support of the Nebraska National Guard, successor to the Nebraska Volunteer Militia. The two-story, rectangular, concrete and brick building with a basement was used by the guard as a warehouse until 1963, when it was transferred to the state fair board. On January 1, 2010, the state fair board transferred ownership of the arsenal building and the surrounding property to the University of Nebraska.

neg: Fort Yellowstone Fort Yellowstone was a U.S. Army fort, established in 1891 at Mammoth Hot Springs in Yellowstone National Park. Yellowstone was designated in 1872 but the Interior Department was unable to effectively manage the park. Administration was transferred to the War Department in August 1886 and General Philip Sheridan sent a company of cavalry to Mammoth Hot Springs to build a cavalry post. The army originally called the post "Camp Sheridan" in honor of General Sheridan but the name was changed to Fort Yellowstone in 1891 when construction of the permanent fort commenced. The army administered the park until 1918 when it was transferred to the newly created National Park Service. The facilities of Fort Yellowstone now comprise the Yellowstone National Park headquarters, the Horace Albright Visitor Center and staff accommodations.

neg: United States Post Office (Basin, Wyoming) The Basin Main Post Office in Basin, Wyoming was built in 1919 as part of a facilities improvement program by the United States Post Office Department. The post office in Basin was nominated to the National Register of Historic Places as part of a thematic study comprising twelve Wyoming post offices built to standardized USPO plans in the early twentieth century.

neg: Colorado and Wyoming Railway Founded in 1899, the Colorado and Wyoming Railway (reporting mark CW) is a subsidiary of the Evraz North America. It hauls coal, ore and steel products on about five miles of track inside ERVAZ - Pueblo, CO Steel Mills facility (formerly Colorado Fuel and Iron's plant) in Pueblo, Colorado, and connects to the Union Pacific Railroad and the BNSF Railway. The railway used to be a much larger railroad, serving the CF&I's mills, steel plants that were the only vertically integrated steel mills west of the Rockies until World War II.

neg: Winchester Model 1890 The Winchester Model 1890 is a slide-action repeating rifle produced by the Winchester Repeating Arms Company in the late 19th and early 20th century.

neg: Benicia Arsenal The Benicia Arsenal (1851–1964) and Benicia Barracks (1852–66) were part of a large military reservation located next to Suisun Bay in Benicia, California. For over 100 years, the arsenal was the primary US Army Ordnance facility for the West Coast of the United States.

neg: Remaco Spur The Remaco Spur was a 1.6 mi U.S. government-owned railway line constructed from the Golden-Denver "Tramway Route 84" (Denver Tramway Corporation's 1908 electric Denver & Interurban Railroad) for transporting supplies and munitions to/from the Denver Ordnance Plant in Lakewood, Colorado. The line connected between Oak and Quail streets at the Morningside shelter and was operated by the Remington Arms Company with railyard trackage in the Denver Ordnance Zone of ~11 mi .