query: This poet was a mastery of the dramatic monologue who had art songs written to him by David Mills.

pos: David Mills (bass) David Mills (born 29 January 1929, Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan) is a Canadian bass singer, poet, composer and actor. Retired now, he had an active international singing career that spanned more than five decades. He has published two books of poetry, "Isobelle, a Novel in Verse" (Toronto 1989) and "The Social Comedy" (Ottawa 1990). He wrote a one-man show, "David Mills - His Poetry and Songs", which premiered in Toronto in 1989 and then toured to numerous Canadian cities in the early 1990s. As a composer he has written a cantata, "Vision of Peace" to texts from the Book of Isaiah, and several art songs to the poetry of Pauline Johnson and Robert Browning. As an actor, he has appeared on CBC TV and in films for Circle Films and Altlantis Films among other production companies.

pos: Robert Browning Robert Browning (7 May 1812 – 12 December 1889) was an English poet and playwright whose mastery of the dramatic monologue made him one of the foremost Victorian poets. His poems are known for their irony, characterization, dark humour, social commentary, historical settings, and challenging vocabulary and syntax.

neg: Seamus Heaney Collected Poems Collected Poems is a spoken-word recording of the Nobel Prize-winning poet Seamus Heaney reading his own work. It was released by RTÉ to mark his 70th birthday, which occurred on 13 April 2009. The fifteen-CD boxed set spans 556 tracks in over twelve hours of oral performance by the poet (some poems span multiple tracks). The entire work was also released on one disc in MP3 format.

neg: Sung poetry Sung poetry is a broad and imprecise music genre widespread in European countries, such as Poland and the Baltic States, to describe songs consisting of a poem (most often a ballad) and music written specially for that text. The compositions usually feature a delicate melody and scarce musical background, often comprising a guitar or piano. Some sung poetry performers are singer-songwriters, others use known, published poems, or collaborate with contemporary writers. Artists of sung poetry include people of various occupations usually with little or no particular music education, as well as stage actors.

neg: David Shapiro (poet) David Shapiro (born January 2, 1947) is an American poet, literary critic, and art historian. He has written some twenty volumes of poetry, literary, and art criticism. He was first published at the age of thirteen, and his first book was published when he was just eighteen.

neg: The Fall of Hyperion: A Dream The Fall of Hyperion: A Dream, sometimes subtitled as "A Vision" instead of a dream, is an epic poem written by the English Romantic John Keats. Keats composed "The Fall of Hyperion" by reworking, expanding, and personally narrating lines from his earlier fragmented epic poem "Hyperion".

neg: Edwin Markham Edwin Markham (born Charles Edward Anson Markham April 23, 1852 – March 7, 1940) was an American poet. From 1923 to 1931 he was Poet Laureate of Oregon.

neg: David Wright (poet) David John Murray Wright (23 February 1920 – 28 August 1994) was an author and "an acclaimed South African-born poet".

neg: Messiah (English poem) Messiah is a 'sacred eclogue' by Alexander Pope, composed in 1709. It is based on the Fourth Eclogue of Virgil, and is an example of English Classicism's appropriation and reworking of the genres, subject matter and techniques of classical Latin literature.

neg: William Wordsworth William Wordsworth (7 April 1770 – 23 April 1850) was a major English Romantic poet who, with Samuel Taylor Coleridge, helped to launch the Romantic Age in English literature with their joint publication "Lyrical Ballads" (1798).

neg: Mahagonny-Songspiel Mahagonny-Songspiel, also known as The Little Mahagonny, is a "small-scale 'scenic cantata'" written by the composer Kurt Weill and the dramatist Bertolt Brecht in 1927. Weill was commissioned in the spring to write one of a series of very short operas for performance that summer, and he chose to use the opportunity to create a "stylistic exercise" as preparation for a larger-scale project that they had begun to develop together (the two had met for the first time in March), their experimental 'epic opera' "The Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny" (1930).

neg: The Mower's Song "The Mower's Song" is a pastoral poem by English poet Andrew Marvell, published posthumously in 1681. The work is the last of a series of four poems by Marvell known as the Mower poems. Though the mower in this poem is not named, scholars have stated that all the Mower poems are in the voice of Damon the Mower.

neg: Robert Burns Robert Burns (25 January 175921 July 1796), also known as Rabbie Burns, the Bard of Ayrshire, Ploughman Poet and various other names and epithets, was a Scottish poet and lyricist. He is widely regarded as the national poet of Scotland and is celebrated worldwide. He is the best known of the poets who have written in the Scots language, although much of his writing is also in English and a light Scots dialect, accessible to an audience beyond Scotland. He also wrote in standard English, and in these writings his political or civil commentary is often at its bluntest.

neg: John Woods Duke John Woods Duke (July 30, 1899 – October 26, 1984), an American composer and pianist born in Cumberland, Maryland, became arguably best known for his art songs.

neg: Lyricist A lyricist or lyrist is a person who writes lyrics—words for songs—as opposed to a composer, who writes the song's melody.

neg: In a Sentimental Mood "In a Sentimental Mood" is a jazz composition by Duke Ellington that is also performed as a song. Ellington composed the piece in 1935 and recorded it with his orchestra the same year. Lyrics were later written for the tune by Manny Kurtz; as was the custom of the day, Ellington's manager Irving Mills cut himself in for a percentage of the publishing, the song credited to all three.

neg: Poetry film Poetry film is a subgenre of film that fuses the use of spoken word poetry, visual images, and sound to create a stronger presentation and interpretation of the meaning being conveyed. This fusion of image and spoken word (both independent and interdependent) creates what William Wees called the "Poetry-film" genre. He suggested that "a number of avant-garde film and video makers have created a synthesis of poetry and film that generates associations, connotations and metaphors neither the verbal nor the visual text would produce on its own".

neg: Verse drama and dramatic verse Verse drama is any drama written as verse to be spoken; another possible general term is poetic drama. For a very long period, verse drama was the dominant form of drama in Europe (and was also important in non-European cultures). Greek tragedy and Racine's plays are written in verse, as is almost all of Shakespeare's drama, Ben Jonson, John Fletcher and others like Goethe's "Faust".

neg: The Voice of the Ancient Bard The Voice of the Ancient Bard is a poem written by the English poet William Blake. It was published as part of his collection "Songs of Innocence" in 1789, but later moved to "Songs of Experience", the second part of the larger collection "Songs of Innocence and of Experience", 1794.

neg: Lyricism Lyricism is a quality that expresses deep feelings or emotions in an inspired work of art.

neg: Percy MacKaye Percy MacKaye (1875–1956) was an American dramatist and poet.

neg: Monologue (disambiguation) A Monologue is an extended uninterrupted speech by a character in a drama. It can also refer to:


query: The B46 bus route in Brooklyn, New York City, United States, runs to what shopping center opened in September of 1970?

pos: Utica and Reid Avenues Line The B46 bus route constitutes a public transit corridor in Brooklyn, New York City, United States. The route runs primarily along Utica Avenue north from the Kings Plaza shopping center through Eastern Brooklyn, with continued service west along Broadway to the Williamsburg Bridge Plaza Bus Terminal. The corridor was originally served by a streetcar line, known as the Utica and Reid Avenues Line, Utica−Reid Line, Reid−Utica Line, Reid Avenue Line, or Utica Avenue Line until 1951, when the line was replaced by bus service. The bus route is operated by MTA Regional Bus Operations under the New York City Transit brand.

pos: Kings Plaza Kings Plaza Shopping Center is a shopping center within the Marine Park/Mill Basin section of Brooklyn, New York City, near the Flatlands and Bergen Beach neighborhoods. Opened in September 1970, it is located at the southeast corner of Flatbush Avenue and Avenue U, just north of Floyd Bennett Field. The mall is anchored by Macy's, Best Buy, H&M, and Old Navy, and formerly by Sears.

neg: Rhode Island Mall Rhode Island Mall was a two-story, enclosed shopping mall located in the city of Warwick, Rhode Island, United States. It opened in October 1967 as the Midland Mall, as the first two-level mall in Warwick, RI. In 1970, Warwick Mall was opened just North of the Midland Mall, across Interstate 295. Although the two malls co-existed for several years, Rhode Island Mall began to lose stores once G. Fox, one of its anchor stores, was converted to Filene's in 1993 and closed in 1997. Sears closed in September 2017.

neg: Old Chicago Old Chicago was a combination shopping mall and indoor amusement park that existed in the Chicago suburb of Bolingbrook, Illinois, from 1975 until 1980. It was billed as "The world's first indoor amusement park", and it was intended to draw visitors all year round, rain or shine. It opened to great fanfare and over 15,000 visitors on June 17, 1975, with an enormous building that housed major rides, such as two roller coasters and a Ferris wheel, as well as a turn-of-the-century themed shopping mall. However, only six months after opening, the complex ran into financial troubles due to construction cost overruns. The opening of a competing amusement park in the same general region (known today as Six Flags Great America) hurt attendance, and the lack of large anchor stores failed to draw enough local and repeat shoppers. Despite management changes, the center continued to lose money. By 1978, the mall began closing on Mondays and Tuesdays and in early 1980 the entire amusement park shut down and the rides were sold, only five years after opening. Efforts to find alternative uses for the huge building failed, and the structure was demolished in the spring of 1986.

neg: ViaPort Florida ViaPort Florida (formerly known as Lake Square Mall) is an enclosed shopping mall in Leesburg, Florida. Opened on September 24, 1980, it is managed by Lake Square Mall Realty Management and Via Properties. Anchor stores are Belk, Sears, and Via Entertainment

neg: Burlington Center Mall Burlington Center Mall is a two-level enclosed shopping mall located in Burlington Township, New Jersey, opened in August 1982. It was built by The Rouse Company of Columbia, Maryland.

neg: Burlington Mall (Massachusetts) The Burlington Mall is a large, two-story, indoor shopping mall complex located off Route 3 and Route 128 in Burlington, Massachusetts. The mall is one of many shopping venues in the Middlesex County area, including the Shops at Billerica, Square One Mall, Acton Plaza, and Middlesex Commons. The Burlington Mall has a gross leasable area of 1282339 sqft . The mall has approximately 170 shops and restaurants, including a large food court (capable of seating 775), and is in a high-density commercial district. Built in 1968, it was expanded in the 1970s and 1980s. It is managed by Simon Property Group, Inc.

neg: Karrinyup Shopping Centre Karrinyup Shopping Centre is a shopping centre, located in Karrinyup, a suburb of Perth, that was established in 1973.

neg: Westfield Sunrise Westfield Sunrise, commonly known as Sunrise Mall, is a shopping mall located in Massapequa, New York. The mall opened on August 30, 1973 as the first 2-level shopping center on Long Island. It was remodeled in 1991 and it was acquired by the Westfield Group in 2005.

neg: Queens Place Mall Queens Place is an urban shopping mall in New York City, New York. Just northwest of the larger Queens Center, it is located on Queens Boulevard in the neighborhood of Elmhurst, Queens. The building was constructed in 1965 as Macy's and was designed by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill. It was later converted to Stern's, due to Macy's of Elmhurst moving into Queens Center, as part of Macy's dissolving of Abraham & Straus, in 1994, and then, as a result of Macy's dissolving Stern's in 2001, closed by Federated Department Stores. Today its flagship stores are Best Buy, DSW, Inc., and Target, and it contains many smaller stores such as Red Lobster, Outback Steakhouse, Mrs. Fields' Cookies, and much more.

neg: Willowbrook Mall (Wayne, New Jersey) Willowbrook Mall is a two-level shopping center located in Wayne, New Jersey, United States. It is near the intersection of U.S. Route 46, Route 23 and Interstate 80. The mall opened in 1969 and was expanded or renovated in 1970, 1988, 2006, and 2015. The mall has over 200 retail establishments and a gross leasable area (GLA) of 1,514,000 ft², and is the fourth-largest shopping mall in New Jersey (tied with Monmouth Mall).

neg: List of concerts at Barclays Center The Barclays Center is an indoor arena in Brooklyn, New York City opened in September 2012. With a maximum capacity of 15,813 to 19,000 depending on the event, the arena is used for sporting events such as basketball and is the host of the NBA's Brooklyn Nets, as well as ice hockey. The Barclays Center is also more predominantly used as a music venue, hosting multiple concerts, festivals and award ceremonies since its opening. The following is a complete list of all concerts and music events that have been or will be held at the arena.

neg: East River Plaza East River Plaza is a shopping mall located at FDR Drive between 116th and 119th Street in East Harlem, New York City. Opened in 2009, this shopping mall has twelve stores with four anchor stores, which are Target, Costco, Burlington Coat Factory, and PetSmart. It has six levels and is attached to a parking garage.

neg: Tavern on the Green Tavern on the Green is an American cuisine restaurant located in Central Park in Manhattan, New York City, near the intersection of Central Park West at West 66th Street on the Upper West Side. It originally operated from 1934 to 2009 under various owners. From 2010 until 2012, the building was used as a public visitors center and gift shop run by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. After undergoing a multimillion-dollar renovation, Tavern on the Green reopened as a restaurant on April 24, 2014.

neg: Tri-County Mall Tri-County Mall is located at the interchange of State Route 747 and Interstate 275 in the city of Springdale, Ohio, a northern suburb of Cincinnati. Originally known as Tri-County Shopping Center, it was the second open-air-type mall built in Greater Cincinnati; the first being Swifton Shopping Center, opened (in 1956) in the Bond Hill district of Cincinnati.

neg: DeKalb Avenue Line The DeKalb Avenue Line is a public transit line in Brooklyn and Queens, New York City, United States, running mostly along DeKalb Avenue, as well as eastbound on Lafayette Avenue (as part of a one-way pair), between downtown Brooklyn and Ridgewood, Queens. Originally a streetcar line, it is now the B38 DeKalb/Lafayette Avenues bus route, operated by the New York City Transit Authority.

neg: Monmouth Mall Monmouth Mall, an enclosed split level shopping center in Eatontown, New Jersey owned and managed by Kushner Companies, is located on the corner of the intersection of NJ 35, NJ 36, and Wyckoff Road (Route 547). Currently, the mall has a gross leasable area of 1500000 sqft , making it the fourth largest shopping mall in New Jersey (tied with Willowbrook Mall), boasting over 150 shops. The mall is located near the Garden State Parkway at exit 105 and NJ 18 near the former location of the Eatontown Circle.

neg: Hollywood Fashion Center The Hollywood Fashion Center was a shopping mall located at the South East corner of Hollywood Boulevard (State Road 820) and US 441 (State Road 7) in Hollywood, Florida. The mall opened in 1972, and had four anchor stores: JCPenney, Richard's (later Zayre/Ames), Burdines and Jordan Marsh. With the opening of Pembroke Lakes Mall six miles west in Pembroke Pines in 1992, most of the anchor stores in the Fashion Center moved to the bigger stores at Pembroke Lakes Mall. The mall closed in 1993, although a Gordon Food Service supermarket opened in the former Burdines in 1996, it later closed sometime in the 2010s. For a brief period from 2002-2004 it served as an indoor flea market named Millennium SuperMall "Hollywood's City Place" until it was discovered many of the booths were selling stolen wares. It has been closed since then.

neg: Suburban Square Suburban Square is a shopping center located in Ardmore, Pennsylvania, United States, in the Philadelphia area. The center opened in 1928, and is notable as one of the earliest shopping centers in the United States. It has also been generally credited as being the first such shopping center to include a true department store, when Strawbridge & Clothier opened in May 1930. The complex currently includes Suburban Square, Times Building, and the adjacent Ardmore Farmers Market and features more than sixty retail and dining establishments.

neg: Grand Avenue (BMT Myrtle Avenue Line) Grand Avenue was a station on the demolished section of the BMT Myrtle Avenue Line. The station was opened on April 27, 1889 at the intersection of Myrtle Avenue and Grand Avenue in Brooklyn next to the Myrtle Avenue station of the BMT Lexington Avenue Line, which opened four years earlier. It had two tracks and two side platforms, and had connections not only to that station, but also to Myrtle Avenue Line streetcars. The next southbound stop was Washington Avenue. The next northbound stop was Franklin Avenue. The connection to the Lexington Avenue el station lasted until that station closed on October 13, 1950. Grand Avenue closed on January 21, 1953, while the rest of the line southwest of Broadway was operational until October 4, 1969.

neg: Fulton Ferry District Fulton Ferry District is a national historic district in Fulton Ferry, Brooklyn, New York, New York. It consists of 15 contributing buildings built between 1830 and 1895. They are an assortment of commercial and commercial / residential brick buildings ranging from two to four stories in height, with one eight story building. That building is the Eagle Warehouse, a Romanesque Revival style building built by "The Brooklyn Eagle" in 1893. The district is bisected overhead by the Brooklyn Bridge and was the site of the terminus of the Fulton Ferry. Today the area holds many popular attractions such as Pier one of Brooklyn Bridge Park, and Grimaldi's Pizzeria.

neg: Bankstown Central Shopping Centre Bankstown Central Shopping Centre is a shopping centre situated in Bankstown, Sydney, Australia. Opened as "Bankstown Square" on 21 September 1966, it was at the time Australia's largest and was one of Sydney's first major shopping centres. The development of the shopping centre was a moment of significance in the development of Bankstown as a satellite centre of south-western Sydney. A major centre of governmental and community service provision as well as retail commerce, the Centre remains an important part of the civic life of this region of Sydney.


query: What cable and satellite television channel owned by Turner Broadcasting System developed the a telenovela starring Sheryl Rubio together with Víctor Drija?

pos: Somos tú y yo Somos tú y yo is a Venezuelan telenovela filmed in Caracas, Venezuela and developed by Boomerang Latin America and Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA) and production company Cisneros Media, the series starred Sheryl Rubio together with Víctor Drija. It debuted in its country of origin, Latin America and Italy on June 27, 2007.

pos: Boomerang (Southeast Asia) Boomerang is a cable and satellite television channel owned by Turner Broadcasting System, a unit of Time Warner and its main flagship channel of Cartoon Network Asia. The Southeast Asian version of Boomerang was launched in September 2005 with a lineup very similar to that of the US version. It started previously as a programming block on Cartoon Network from 2001 to 2005 during weeknights. It uses the same voice overs from the Australian feed.

neg: Atrévete (telenovela) Atrévete is a Venezuelan telenovela produced by Radio Caracas Television in 1986. It is based on the telenovela "La señorita Elena" written by Cuban writer Delia Fiallo.

neg: Cara o cruz Cara o cruz, is an American telenovela created and produced by Telemundo and Argos Comunicación in 2001.

neg: Joia Rara Joia Rara (] , English: officially Precious Pearl; literally Rare Jewel, figuratively Unique Grace) is a Brazilian telenovela produced and broadcast by Rede Globo originally ran from 16 September 2013 to 4 April 2014.

neg: List of MundoMax affiliates MundoMax was an American Spanish language broadcast television television network owned by Colombian broadcaster RCN Televisión, which was launched on July 28, 2013 under the name MundoFox. s of October 2015 , the network currently has affiliation agreements with 42 television stations. MundoMax maintains a national cable network feed that is distributed directly to cable, satellite and IPTV providers in certain media markets not listed in this article, as an alternative method of distribution in areas without either the availability or the demand for a locally based owned-and-operated or affiliate station.

neg: Univision Noticias Univision Noticias is a planned American Spanish language cable news channel. It is owned by Univision Communications and is targeted at the Hispanic and Latino community in the United States.

neg: La tracionera La Tracionera (The traitor one) is a Colombian soap opera, an adaptation of "La Argentina Malparida". Produced by Fox Telecolombia to RCN Televisión in association with the Mexican channel Televisa. Created by Adrian Suar and directed by Lilo Vilapina and Cecila Vásques. Starring by Marianela González accompanied by Juan Manuel Mendoza and the first actor Victor Mallarino with the stellar performance of Vicky Hernandes and Kristina Lilley.

neg: Natalia del mar Natalia del mar is a 2011 Venezuelan telenovela created by Alberto Gómez for Venevisión.

neg: Me muero por ti Me muero por ti, was an American telenovela produced by Rubicon Entertainment for Telemundo in 1999.

neg: VH1 Uno VH1 Uno (or VHUno in some promotional materials and TV listings) was a digital cable and satellite television channel which was a sister channel of VH1. It featured a mix of Latin pop and ballads, tropical, salsa, merengue, tejano, Latin soul, reggaeton and urban hip hop, featuring top artists like Marc Anthony, Jennifer Lopez, Celia Cruz, Shakira and Luis Miguel.

neg: Emperatriz (1990 telenovela) Emperatriz is a Venezuelan telenovela which starred Marina Baura and Raul Amundaray. It was produced by Marte TV and broadcast on Venevisión in 1990.

neg: Sony Spin Sony Spin was a Latin American cable television channel, launched on May 1, 2011, replacing the local version of Animax.

neg: Catia TVe Catia TVe (Televisora Comunitaria del Oeste) is a Venezuelan television channel, created and administered by the residents of Catia, a major neighborhood in the capital city of Caracas. Seventy percent of its programming is created by community organizations in the barrios (poor, heavily populated neighborhoods in Venezuela). It can be seen in the city of Caracas on UHF channel 41.

neg: TBS (Latin American TV channel) TBS, formerly branded as TBS veryfunny ("TBS muydivertido") (and TBS muitodivertido in Brazil), is the Latin American version of the U.S. cable television channel TBS, both owned by Turner Broadcasting System, which is itself owned by Time Warner.

neg: Estrambótica Anastasia Estrambótica Anastasia is a Venezuelan telenovela developed by Martín Hahn and produced by Radio Caracas Television in 2004.

neg: Haja Coração Haja Coração (English title: Burning Hearts) is a Brazilian telenovela produced and broadcast by Rede Globo. It is based on the 1987 classic "Sassaricando" created by Silvio de Abreu. It premiered on 31 May 2016, replacing "Totalmente Demais" at the 7 p.m. timeslot. Written by Daniel Ortiz in collaboration with; Patrícia Moretzsohn, Flávia Bessone, Isabel Muniz and Nilton Braga.

neg: Chucho el roto Chucho el roto, is a Mexican telenovela produced by Televisa and originally transmitted by Telesistema Mexicano.

neg: Nickelodeon (Latin America) Nickelodeon Latin America is a cable and satellite television channel, counterpart of the American network Nickelodeon. It is oriented to the Spanish-speaking countries of Latin American and the Caribbean, mainly for children and teens. It is owned by MTV Networks Latin America. The channel was launched on December 20, 1996. It includes shows like Skimo and the hit teen drama Isa TKM and its successor Isa TK+.

neg: HLN (TV network) HLN (formerly Headline News) is an American basic cable and satellite television channel that is owned by the Turner Broadcasting System division of Time Warner. The channel is a spin-off of the U.S. Cable News Network.

neg: Natasha Klauss Natasha Alexandra Rastapkavicius Arrondo (Russian: Наташа Александра Растапкавичюс Аррондо ; born 25 June 1975), professionally known as Natasha Klauss, is a Colombian actress of Colombian and Lithuanian descent, best known for her roles in Telemundo telenovelas "La Venganza", "Pasión de Gavilanes", "" and "La Tormenta".

neg: El precio de tu amor El precio de tu amor (English: "The Price of Your Love"), is a Mexican telenovela produced by Ernesto Alonso for Televisa. Eduardo Santamarina and Eugenia Cauduro as the protagonists, while Yadhira Carrillo star as the antagonists.


query: The Talking Propellerheads released songs about the decline of which computer company founded in 1951 and once based in Cambridge, MA?

pos: The Talking Propellerheads The Talking Propellerheads was a high technology satire/rock/comedy band performing from 1982 through 1996. The group was composed of employees of Data General Corporation. They were notable as the "corporate band" for Data General for over 14 years, playing at industry events and company functions. Their songs documented the fall of the minicomputer industry of the 1980s with their songs about Wang, DEC, Prime, IBM and other companies. Their songs reported on changes in the minicomputer industry such as An Wang's retirement ("they thought that Fred could run the company, but An said "Fred, you're not the man for me"), as well as documenting some of the players that formed the industry: Data General founders (Ed DeCastro and Herb Richman, in "Eddie and Herb", Tom West in "Stairway to Heaven", and Ken Olsen in "Dec Stinks").

pos: Wang Laboratories Wang Laboratories was a computer company founded in 1951, by An Wang and G. Y. Chu. The company was successively headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts (1954–1963), Tewksbury, Massachusetts (1963–1976), and finally in Lowell, Massachusetts (1976–1997). At its peak in the 1980s, Wang Laboratories had annual revenues of $3 billion and employed over 33,000 people. It was one of the leading companies during the time of the Massachusetts Miracle.

neg: Chickering & Sons Chickering & Sons was an American piano manufacturer located in Boston, Massachusetts, known for producing award-winning instruments of superb quality and design. The company was founded in 1823 by Jonas Chickering and James Stewart, but the partnership dissolved four years later. By 1830 Jonas Chickering became partners with John Mackay, manufacturing pianos as "Chickering & Company", and later "Chickering & Mackays" until the senior Mackay's death in 1841, and reorganized as "Chickering & Sons" in 1853. Chickering pianos continued to be made until 1983.

neg: Compaq Compaq (a portmanteau of Compatibility And Quality; occasionally referred to as CQ prior to its final logo) was a company founded in 1982 that developed, sold, and supported computers and related products and services. Compaq produced some of the first IBM PC compatible computers, being the first company to legally reverse engineer the IBM Personal Computer. It rose to become the largest supplier of PC systems during the 1990s before being overtaken by HP in 2001. Struggling to keep up in the price wars against Dell, as well as with a risky acquisition of DEC, Compaq was acquired for US$25 billion by HP in 2002. The Compaq brand remained in use by HP for lower-end systems until 2013 when it was discontinued.

neg: Computer Economics Computer Economics is an IT research firm focusing on the strategic and financial management of information systems. It was founded in 1979 by Bruno Bassi and is currently headquartered in Irvine, California, USA. Clients include IT organizations, consulting firms, and financial services firms in North America and other countries. Its "Computer Economics Report", first published in 1979, is a monthly newsletter related to IT cost management. Its "IT Spending, Staffing, and Technology Trends" study, first published in 1990, is based on its annual survey of IT executives in the U.S. and Canada. The firm also publishes special reports on IT spending and staffing metrics, IT salaries, IT security, malware, and other topics. In addition, the firm maintains data on vendor pricing and discounting, fair market values, and residual value forecasts for computer hardware.

neg: Intermetrics Intermetrics, Inc. was a software company founded in Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1969 by several veterans of M.I.T.'s Instrumentation Laboratory who had worked on the software for NASA's Apollo Program including the Apollo Guidance Computer.

neg: Starpoint Electric Starpoint Electric was an American alternative rock band from Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Formed in the fall of 1997, the band consisted of Ted Boyer (guitar/vocals), Clay Boyer (bass/vocals), Steve Galloway (guitar), and Cameron Weeks (drums). Weeks later founded a new band, the Buttons, with Rafi Goldberg of Grasshopper Highway and David Alston of Sticky. Their only full-length album, "Bad Directions", was released in 1999 by Plastique Recording Company. It was recorded and mixed with John Morand, who is known for his work with Cracker and Sparklehorse. Prior to the release of "Bad Directions", they had released a 7" single and a split EP, and toured with the Archers of Loaf.

neg: MIT Museum The MIT Museum, founded in 1971 is located at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Massachusetts. It hosts collections of holography, technology-related artworks, artificial intelligence, robotics, maritime history, and the history of MIT. Its holography collection of 1800 pieces is the largest in the world, though not all of it is exhibited. , works of high-speed photographer Harold Edgerton and kinetic artist Arthur Ganson are the two largest long-running displays. There is a regular program of temporary special exhibitions, often on the intersections of art and technology.

neg: Kenton Clarke Kenton J. Clarke (born November 7, 1951) is an American entrepreneur and musician. He graduated from Norwalk State Technical College in 1972 and the University of New Haven in 1979. He is the founder of Computer Consulting Associates International and Omnikal.

neg: Engineering Research Associates Engineering Research Associates, commonly known as ERA, was a pioneering computer firm from the 1950s. They became famous for their numerical computers, but as the market expanded they became better known for their drum memory systems. They were eventually purchased by Remington Rand and merged into their UNIVAC department. Many of the company founders later left to form Control Data Corporation.

neg: Sookbox Sookbox LLC is an American, privately held, consumer electronics company that develops and sells distributed media servers. The company is based in Cambridge, MA, in proximity of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. It was founded in 2011 by Dave Sukoff and a group of MIT undergraduates.

neg: Columbia Data Products Columbia Data Products (CDP) is a company that produced some of the first IBM PC clones. It faltered in that market after only a few years, and later reinvented itself as a software development company.

neg: Kenbak-1 The Kenbak-1 is considered by the Computer History Museum and the American Computer Museum to be the world's first "personal computer", invented by John V. Blankenbaker (1930-) of Kenbak Corporation in 1970, and first sold in early 1971. Only 50 machines were ever built. The system first sold for US$750. Today only 14 machines are believed to exist worldwide, in the hands of various collectors. Production of the Kenbak-1 stopped in 1973 as Kenbak failed, and was taken over by CTI Education Products, Inc. CTI rebranded the inventory and renamed it the H5050, though sales remained elusive.

neg: Ritmoteca.com Ritmoteca.com was an online music store and early pioneer in the online downloadable music space. Founded in Miami, Florida in 1998 during the Dot-com bubble by Ivan J. Parron, and Ricardo Decubas, the company was the leading Latin music download website and an early predecessor to Apple Inc.'s now highly successful iTunes business model of selling digital music downloads over the Internet. Mr. Parron founded the company after operating the successful web development company Internet Marketing Consultants, which designed Ritmoteca's revolutionary graphical user interface for retailing online music. Ritmoteca.com aggregated exclusive digital distribution rights from over one hundred independent Latin music record labels and amassed a library of over 500,000 music tracks and videos, including exclusive digital distribution rights to catalogs of some of the worlds top renowned Latin artists such as Marc Anthony, Tito Puente and Celia Cruz. The company was also the first digital Latin music companies to sign digital distribution agreements with the major record labels, signing agreements with Universal Music Group, Sony Music Entertainment, Bertelsmann Music Group and Warner Music Group. These agreements gave the company digital distribution rights for artists such as U2, Madonna, Britney Spears, Enrique Iglesias and Jay-Z. The company grew to as many as 200 employees through investments from institutional and "angel" investors including Bain Capital. The company forged key strategic alliances with companies including Microsoft, MSN, AOL, Pressplay and Creative Labs, becoming the go-to source for Latin digital music. The company was poised to launch an initial public offering when the Dot-com bubble stock market suddenly crashed on April 14, 2000. That event, combined with the emergence of the company Napster on the music scene, enabling people to trade music online for free, made it virtually impossible for the company to raise additional venture capital and continue its rapid growth. The company evolved into a distributor of digital music rights and eventually closed down in 2005.

neg: AT&T Computer Systems AT&T Computer Systems is the generic name for American Telephone & Telegraph's unsuccessful attempt to compete in the computer business. In return for divesting the local Bell Operating Companies (Baby Bells), AT&T was allowed to have an unregulated division to sell computer hardware and software.

neg: Harman Kardon Harman Kardon (styled as harman "/" kardon) is a division of Harman International Industries and manufactures home and car audio equipment. It was founded in 1953 by Sidney Harman and Bernard Kardon.

neg: IPod The iPod is a line of portable media players and multi-purpose pocket computers designed and marketed by Apple Inc. The first version was released on October 23, 2001, about 8 ⁄ months after the Macintosh version of iTunes was released. The most recent iPod redesigns were announced on July 15, 2015. As of July 27, 2017, Apple has discontinued manufacturing all models except for the iPod Touch.

neg: Umtech Umtech Incorporated., also known as the VideoBrain Computer Company, was an early entrant in the personal computer market that developed, manufactured, and marketed the first computer, VideoBrain, sold in department stores. Although VideoBrain generated major excitement and strong orders when it was introduced at the January 1978 Consumer Electronics Show (CES), consumers did not adopt it as readily as hoped. The company halted manufacturing in the spring of 1979 and was folded into the structure of its largest financial backer, the Cha Group.

neg: The Machines (band) The Machines are an English Punk Rock 'n' Roll band, formed in 1977 by Nick Paul in Southend-on-Sea. The band initially lasted until 1978, before regenerating in 2006.

neg: Multiflow Multiflow Computer, Inc., founded in April, 1984 near New Haven, Connecticut, USA, was a manufacturer and seller of minisupercomputer hardware and software embodying the VLIW design style. Multiflow, incorporated in Delaware, ended operations in March, 1990, after selling about 125 VLIW minisupercomputers in the United States, Europe, and Japan.

neg: Cable Piano Company The Cable Piano Company or simply "Cable Company" was an American piano manufacturing company founded by Herman D. Cable in 1880. It was one of the largest piano makers in Chicago. It claimed to be "the world's greatest manufacturer of pianos, inner player pianos, and organs". In 1901, the company built a factory in St. Charles on 3.5 acres west of the Fox River.

neg: Massachusetts Computer Associates Massachusetts Computer Associates, also known as COMPASS, was a software company based in Wakefield, Massachusetts from approximately 1961 to 1987, focusing primarily on programming language design and implementation, especially source-to-source transformation. It was acquired in the late 1960s by Applied Data Research.


query: How many students are at the college where Clinton L. Hare was a coach in 1891?

pos: Clinton L. Hare Clinton Larue "Clint" Hare (November 7, 1864 – June 4, 1909) was a manager, organizer, and coach of American football, and a lawyer and grocer. He served as the head football coach at Butler University for three seasons (1887, 1889, and 1890), at Purdue University for one season in 1890, and at DePauw University for one season in 1891, compiling a career record of 13–5–1.

pos: DePauw University DePauw University in Greencastle, Indiana, is a private liberal arts college with an enrollment of approximately 2,300 students. The school has a Methodist heritage and was originally known as Indiana Asbury University. DePauw is a member of both the Great Lakes Colleges Association and the North Coast Athletic Conference. The Society of Professional Journalists was founded at DePauw.

neg: York College (Nebraska) York College is a private four-year college affiliated with the Churches of Christ located in York, Nebraska, United States (50 miles west of Lincoln). The college was founded in 1890.

neg: State University of New York at Delhi The State University of New York at Delhi (also called SUNY Delhi or Delhi State College) is one of the technology colleges of the State University of New York (SUNY) system. It is located in the Town of Delhi, New York, United States, which is in the Catskill Mountains. The college, entirely in Delhi, is partially within the Village of Delhi. Over 3,000 students attend the institution. Delhi’s intercollegiate athletic teams are called the Broncos.

neg: Nichols College Nichols College is a private, four-year, not-for-profit, coeducational college located in Dudley, Massachusetts. Founded in 1815 as Nichols Academy, Nichols College offers twelve specializations in its business program, five majors in its liberal arts program, and an Educator Preparation Program for middle and secondary education. The College offers bachelor's and master's degrees as well as certificate programs.

neg: Ithaca College Ithaca College is a private, nonsectarian, coeducational liberal arts college located on the South Hill of Ithaca, New York, United States. The college was founded by William Egbert in 1892 as a conservatory of music and is set against the backdrop of the city of Ithaca, Cayuga Lake, waterfalls, and gorges. The college is best known for its large list of alumni who have played substantial roles in the media and entertainment industries.

neg: Jones College (Jacksonville) Jones College is a private college in Jacksonville, Florida. Founded in 1918, the college is non-profit and has an undergraduate body of roughly 350 students. It offers courses in business, education, management, medical assistant training, computer science, and general studies. The school is not regionally accredited. It was nationally accredited by the Accrediting Council for Independent Colleges and Schools (ACICS).

neg: Rollins College Rollins College is a private, coeducational liberal arts college, founded in 1885 and located in Winter Park, Florida along the shores of Lake Virginia. Rollins is a member of the SACS, NASM, ACS, FDE, AAM, AACSB International, Council for Accreditation of Counseling, and Related Educational Programs. Rollins has about 30 undergraduate majors and several graduate programs. It was ranked #2 Regional Universities, South by U.S. News & World Report in 2017. Rollins College has ranked among the most beautiful U.S. college campuses by the Princeton Review for the past decade, ranking #1 in 2015 and #10 most recently in 2017.

neg: Utah State University Utah State University (also referred to as USU or Utah State) is a public doctorate-granting university in Logan, Utah, United States. The coeducational, space-grant, land-grant, research university is accredited by the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities. With nearly 18,000 students living on or near campus, USU is Utah's largest public residential campus. As of Fall 2016, there were 28,118 students enrolled including 24,838 undergraduate students and 3,280 graduate students. The university has the highest percentage of out-of-state students of any public university in Utah totaling 23% of the student body.

neg: Youngstown State University Youngstown State University (YSU), founded in 1908, is an urban research university located in Youngstown, Ohio, United States. As of fall 2010, there were 15,194 students and a student-faculty ratio of 19:1. The fall 2010 enrollment figure is the highest since 1990, when the number of students on campus was 15,454. Records show that 11,803 of the students are undergraduates. Beyond its current student body, YSU claims more than 94,000 alumni.

neg: North Idaho College North Idaho College (NIC) is a community college in Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, United States, with an enrollment exceeding 6,000. It is situated at the north end of Lake Coeur d'Alene, at the east bank of the outflowing Spokane River.

neg: Hiram College Hiram College ( ) is a private liberal arts college located in Hiram, Ohio. It was founded in 1850 as the Western Reserve Eclectic Institute by Amos Sutton Hayden and other members of the Disciples of Christ Church. The college is nonsectarian and coeducational. It is accredited by The Higher Learning Commission of the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools. Hiram's most famous alumnus is James A. Garfield, who served as a college instructor and principal, and was subsequently elected the 20th President of the United States.

neg: Edmonds Community College Edmonds Community College is a public community college in Lynnwood, in the metropolitan area of Seattle, Washington, United States. More than 21,000 students annually take courses for credit toward a certificate or degree at the college in Snohomish County, Washington. The college employs more than 1,697 people, including 138 full-time and 443 part-time instructors and 292 students.

neg: Hebrew College Hebrew College is an accredited college of Jewish studies in Newton Centre, Massachusetts. Founded in 1921, Hebrew College is committed to Jewish scholarship in a pluralistic, trans-denominational academic environment. The president of the college is Rabbi Daniel Lehmann. Hebrew College offers undergraduate completion and graduate degrees, Hebrew-language training, a rabbinical school, a cantorial program and adult-learning and youth-education programs.

neg: Lamar State College–Orange Lamar State College–Orange is a two-year, state supported institution of higher education located in Orange, Texas. It currently serves approximately 2,300 students. The college offers both academic transfer and vocational/technical curricula.  The college is a component institution of the Texas State University System.

neg: Birmingham–Southern College Birmingham–Southern College (BSC) is a private liberal arts college in Birmingham, Alabama, United States. Founded in 1856, the college is affiliated with the United Methodist Church and is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS). More than 1300 students from 33 states and 16 foreign countries attend the college. Birmingham–Southern has a 13:1 student-faculty ratio, and 96% of full-time faculty hold a doctorate or the highest degree in their field.

neg: Northwest Mississippi Community College Northwest Mississippi Community College is a two-year public community college located in Senatobia, Mississippi, United States and has been in existence since 1928. As of August 2008, Northwest's enrollment exceeds 7,100 students. There are approximately 3,000 students on the Senatobia campus—1,100 of which reside in the college's residence halls. Slightly over 3,000 students are enrolled at the DeSoto Center in Southaven, Mississippi, and nearly 1,200 are enrolled at the Lafayette-Yalobusha Center in Oxford, Mississippi.

neg: Carleton College Carleton College ( ) is a private liberal arts college in the historic town of Northfield, Minnesota. The college enrolled 2,014 undergraduate students and employed 245 instructional faculty members in fall 2015. Carleton is one of few liberal arts colleges that runs on the trimester system.

neg: List of Drexel University alumni Drexel University is a private university located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. The 16th largest private university in the nation, Drexel is made up of nine colleges and four schools, most of which serve both undergraduate and graduate students. It offers 96 undergraduate degree programs, 88 master's programs, and 35 doctoral programs. Drexel was founded as a technical school in 1891 for the "improvement of industrial education as a means of opening better and wider avenues of employment to young men and women." Drexel began awarding undergraduate degrees in 1914, starting with the Bachelor of Science in engineering; before that, Drexel granted certificates or diplomas in the field of enrollment. In 1931, Drexel began offering graduate degrees through the School of Home Economics.

neg: Winthrop University Winthrop University, often referred to as Winthrop or WU and formerly known as Winthrop College, is a public, coeducational, liberal arts university located in Rock Hill, South Carolina, United States. Founded in 1886 by David Bancroft Johnson, who served as the superintendent of Columbia, South Carolina, schools, received a $1,500 grant from Robert Charles Winthrop, a Boston philanthropist and chair of the Peabody Education Board. The school originally opened in Columbia to educate young women to teach in the public schools.

neg: University of Oregon College of Arts and Sciences The University of Oregon College of Arts and Sciences (CAS) is a public school of science and liberal arts at the University of Oregon (UO) in Eugene, Oregon, United States. The main offices of the college are located in Friendly Hall on the UO campus. The college serves an estimated 11,000 undergraduates at any given time.

neg: Pierce College Pierce College is a community college district operating in and serving Pierce County in the U.S. state of Washington. The district consists of two main colleges, Pierce College Fort Steilacoom in Lakewood and Pierce College Puyallup in Puyallup, and auxiliary campuses at Fort Lewis, McChord Air Force Base, and in South Hill. The college district is home to 16,916 students.


query: Which biography written by Philip Carlo is based on an American contract killer and serial killer convicted of murdering five people?

pos: Philip Carlo Philip Carlo (April 18, 1949 – November 8, 2010) was a journalist and best selling biographer of Thomas Pitera, Richard Kuklinski, Anthony Casso, and Richard Ramirez. Carlo suffered from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), commonly known as "Lou Gehrig's Disease". He was bound to a wheelchair and respirator, but retained his ability to speak normally during his lifetime. He died of the disease on November 8, 2010 at age 61.

pos: Richard Kuklinski Richard Leonard Kuklinski (April 11, 1935 – March 5, 2006) was an American contract killer and serial killer who was convicted of murdering five people, though he likely killed at least several dozen more. He was associated with members of the American Mafia, namely the DeCavalcante crime family of Newark, New Jersey, and the Five Families of New York City.

neg: Ottis Toole Ottis Elwood Toole (March 5, 1947 – September 15, 1996) was an American drifter and serial killer who was convicted of six counts of murder. Like his companion Henry Lee Lucas, Toole made confessions he later recanted, but which resulted in murder convictions. The discrediting of the case against Lucas for crimes in which Toole had offered corroborating statements created doubts as to whether either was a genuine serial killer or, as Hugh Aynesworth suggested, both were merely compliant interviewees whom police used to clear unsolved murders from the books. Toole received two death sentences, but on appeal they were commuted to life imprisonment. He died in his cell from cirrhosis, aged 49. Police attributed the murder of Adam Walsh to Toole on the basis of recanted statements. Lucas had backed Toole's confession to the Walsh murder, claiming he had been in possession of the victim's severed head.

neg: Ronald Gene Simmons Ronald Gene Simmons, Sr., (July 15, 1940 – June 25, 1990) was an American spree killer, who killed 16 people over a week-long period in Arkansas in 1987. A retired military serviceman, Simmons murdered fourteen members of his family, including a daughter he had sexually abused and the child he had fathered with her, a former co-worker, and a stranger, and wounded four others.

neg: Stephen Richards (murderer) Stephen D. Richards (March 18, 1856 – April 28, 1879) was a 19th-century American serial killer who confessed to committing nine murders in Nebraska and Iowa between 1876 and 1878. He was hanged in 1879 for the axe murder of the Harlson family, a woman and her three children, and for the murder of Peter Anderson, a neighbor of his.

neg: Daniel Conahan Daniel Owen Conahan Jr. (born May 11, 1954) is a convicted American murderer and suspected serial killer. Conahan was convicted of one murder but has been linked to over a dozen murders, mostly of homosexual men in the Charlotte County, Florida area in what came to be known as the Hog Trail Murders.

neg: Timothy Joseph McGhee Timothy Joseph McGhee (born April 27, 1973) is a convicted killer and Toonerville Rifa 13 gang member of Scottish and Mexican descent from the Atwater Village neighborhood of Los Angeles, California. He is alleged to have been responsible for at least 12 homicides between 1997 and 2001, three of which led to convictions. McGhee is also suspected of at least 10 attempted murders, four of which led to convictions.

neg: The Last Victim The Last Victim: A True-Life Journey into the Mind of the Serial Killer (1999) is a non-fiction work by author Jason Moss in which he details his fascination and subsequent correspondence with several notorious American serial killers.

neg: David Carpenter David Joseph Carpenter (born May 6, 1930), a.k.a. the Trailside Killer, is an American serial killer known for stalking and murdering his victims in State Parks in California. Carpenter killed several people on hiking trails near San Francisco, California. Carpenter killed at least 10 people, with one attempted victim, Steven Haertle, surviving. Carpenter used a .38 caliber handgun in all but one of the killings, with a .44 caliber handgun being used in the killing of Edna Kane on Mount Tamalpais.

neg: Faryion Wardrip Faryion Edward Wardrip (born March 6, 1959) is an American serial killer who murdered five women in Wichita Falls, Texas, and the surrounding counties from 1984 to 1986.

neg: John Stanfa Giovanni "John" Stanfa (born December 7, 1940) is the former boss of the Philadelphia crime family from 1991 to 1995. Convicted of multiple charges in 1995, Stanfa is currently serving five consecutive life sentences.

neg: Lavinia Fisher Lavinia Fisher (1793 – February 18, 1820) is reported by some legends to have been the first female serial killer in the United States of America. Her origins are unknown ; however, Fisher resided in the United States for much of her life. She was married to John Fisher, and both were convicted of highway robbery—a capital offense at the time—not murder. Historians have begun to question the veracity of the traditional legend and some assert that Lavinia Fisher never killed anyone. Some, however, believe she would kill her victims by crushing their heads between her legs. She was, however, an active member of a large gang of highwaymen who operated out of two houses in the backcountry near Charleston, the Five Mile House and the Six Mile House. It is not clear whether the Six Mile House was a hotel, but it did serve as a hideout for a number of outlaws.

neg: Jonathan Preston Haynes Jonathan Preston Haynes is an American criminal and serial killer known for racially motivated murders.

neg: David Martin Long David Martin Long (July 15, 1953 – December 8, 1999) was an American murderer. He was arrested after the 1986 hatchet killings of three women in Lancaster, Texas, and was convicted of murder and sentenced to the death penalty. Long was never tried for any other murders, but he also confessed to killing a gas station attendant in a 1978 beating in San Bernardino, California, and killing a former boss, Bob Rogers, in a 1983 fire in Bay City, Texas.

neg: Serial killer (disambiguation) A serial killer is a person who murders three or more people, usually in service of abnormal psychological gratification, with the murders taking place over more than a month and including a significant break (i.e., a "cooling off period") between them.

neg: Michael Rizzitello Michael Anthony Rizzitello (March 15, 1929 – October 26, 2005), also known as "Mike Rizzi", was an Italian American mobster in the Los Angeles crime family. Rizzitello's criminal record stretched back to 1947. He was also featured in several biography novels by mobsters-turned-informants Jimmy Fratianno ("The Last Mafioso" and "Vengeance Is Mine"), Anthony Fiato ("The Animal in Hollywood"), and Kenny Gallo ("Breakshot").

neg: Robert Joseph Silveria Jr. Robert Joseph Silveria Jr. also known as "The Boxcar Killer", is an American serial killer currently serving a double life sentence in Wyoming. He is on contract for an outside state. Currently he is in Wyoming Medium Correction Institute. He is the head cook as well as support system for numerous inmates. Mr. Silveria was also convicted in Kansas for the killing of Charles Randall Boyd, and in Florida for the killing of Willie Clark.

neg: Joseph Kallinger Joseph Kallinger (December 11, 1935 – March 26, 1996) was an American serial killer who murdered three people, including his teenage son, and tortured four families. He committed these crimes with his 15-year-old son Michael.

neg: Coy Wayne Wesbrook Coy Wayne "Elvis" Wesbrook (February 1, 1958 – March 9, 2016) was an American mass murderer, convicted for the killing of 5 people in Channelview, Texas on November 13, 1997. Wesbrook fatally shot his ex-wife Gloria Jean Coons, her female roommate, and three men during a party at Coons' home in an apparent fit of jealous rage.

neg: Ted Bundy Theodore Robert Bundy (born Theodore Robert Cowell; November 24, 1946 – January 24, 1989) was an American serial killer, kidnapper, rapist, burglar and necrophile who assaulted and murdered numerous young women and girls during the 1970s, and possibly earlier. Shortly before his execution—after more than a decade of denials—he confessed to 30 homicides committed in seven states between 1974 and 1978. The true victim count remains unknown, and could be much higher.

neg: Peter Manuel Peter Thomas Anthony Manuel (13 March 1927 – 11 July 1958) was an American-Scottish serial killer who was convicted of murdering a total of seven people across Lanarkshire and southern Scotland between 1956 and his arrest in January 1958, and is believed to have murdered two more, nine in all. Prior to his arrest, the media nicknamed the unidentified killer "the Beast of Birkenshaw". Manuel was hanged at Glasgow's Barlinnie Prison; he was one of the last prisoners to die on the Barlinnie gallows.

neg: Genaro Ruiz Camacho Genaro Ruiz Camacho, Jr. (September 14, 1954 – August 26, 1998), aka Geno Camacho, was a cannabis dealer and organized crime leader in Texas who was linked to five murders and eventually executed by the state of Texas.


query: What was the middle name of the pianist who first performed Prokofiev's Piano Sonata No. 8?

pos: Piano Sonata No. 8 (Prokofiev) Sergei Prokofiev's Piano Sonata No. 8 in B♭ major, Op. 84 (1944) is a sonata for solo piano, the third of the Three War Sonatas. The sonata was first performed on 30 December 1944 in Moscow by Emil Gilels.

pos: Emil Gilels Emil Grigoryevich Gilels (sometimes transliterated "Hilels"; , Russian: Эми́ль Григо́рьевич Ги́лельс , "Emiľ Grigorievič Gileľs "; 19 October 1916 – 14 October 1985) was a Soviet pianist, widely regarded as one of the greatest pianists of the 20th century.

neg: Eva Knardahl Eva Knardahl Freiwald (10 May 1927 – 3 September 2006) was a Norwegian pianist, with a noted career both as a child prodigy and adult performer.

neg: Frances Adaskin Frances Alice Adaskin, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (née Marr; August 23, 1900March 8, 2001) was a Canadian pianist.

neg: Lev Naumov Lev Nikolayevich Naumov (Russian: Лев Никола́евич Нау́мов ; February 12, 1925, Rostov – August 21, 2005, Moscow) was a Russian classical pianist, composer and educator. Received a title of People's Artist of Russia and was nicknamed the "Godfather of the Russian piano school".

neg: Bartlett and Robertson Ethel Bartlett (1896–1978) and Rae Robertson (1893–1956), popularly known as Bartlett and Robertson, were a husband-and-wife classical piano duo who were credited with popularising two-piano music in Europe and the United States in the 1930s and 1940s through their extensive touring, recordings, and radio performances. Of English and Scottish background respectively, Bartlett and Robertson met during their studies at the Royal Academy of Music in London and married in 1921. Although they initially pursued solo careers, they teamed up as duo-pianists in the late 1920s and conducted annual international tours for over two decades. Several major composers of their era wrote duo-piano compositions especially for them, including Sir Arnold Bax, Benjamin Britten, Lennox Berkeley, and the Czech composer Bohuslav Martinů.

neg: Mikhail Pais Mikhail Pais is a concert pianist from Brooklyn, New York.

neg: Charles-Valentin Alkan Charles-Valentin Alkan (] ; 30 November 1813 – 29 March 1888) was a French-Jewish composer and virtuoso pianist. At the height of his fame in the 1830s and 1840s he was, alongside his friends and colleagues Frédéric Chopin and Franz Liszt, among the leading pianists in Paris, a city in which he spent virtually his entire life.

neg: Harold von Mickwitz Harold von Mickwitz ("né" Paul Harald von Mickwitz; 22 May 1859 — 12 February 1938) was a Finnish-born American concert pianist and composer who had been head the piano departments of conservatories in Germany and the United States.

neg: György Cziffra György Cziffra (in Hungarian form Cziffra György, ] , also known as Georges Cziffra; 5 November 192115 January 1994), was a Hungarian virtuoso pianist and composer. He is considered to be one of the greatest pianists of all time. Among his teachers were István Thomán, who was a favourite pupil of Franz Liszt.

neg: Kay Cavendish Kathleen Dorothy Cavendish Murray, who was billed as Kay Cavendish, was a classically trained pianist and popular entertainer.

neg: Moissaye Boguslawski Moissaye Boguslawski (November 1, 1887 – August 30, 1944) was an American pianist, composer, editor and teacher. Sometimes known as Bogie.

neg: Stefan Kutrzeba Stefan Kutrzeba (born May 4, 1946) is a Polish classical pianist and pedagogue specialized in the piano methods of Frédéric Chopin and Heinrich Neuhaus. He is the first person after Neuhaus to discover and introduce in such a large extent the practical use of Chopin’s inscriptions found in the Chopin’s own "Sketches to the method" of the piano playing. Kutrzeba is the father of his pianist son Franciszek Kutrzeba, and Jan Kutrzeba, a New York based actor.

neg: Youri Egorov Youri Aleksandrovich Egorov (Russian: Юрий Александрович Егоров ; 28 May 1954 – 16 April 1988) was a Soviet classical pianist.

neg: Yevgeny Svetlanov Yevgeny Fyodorovich Svetlanov (Russian: Евгéний Фёдорович Светлáнов ; 6 September 1928—3 May 2002) was a Russian conductor, composer and, though less well known for it, a pianist.

neg: Helene Liebmann Hélène Liebmann née Riese (1796 – after 1835) was a German pianist and composer. She was born in Berlin and studied music with Franz Lauska and Ferdinand Ries. A child prodigy, she made her debut before age 13 and published her "Piano Sonata" when she was 15. She married around 1814 and may have moved with her husband to Vienna and then London. She was present at a Clara Wieck (Schumann) concert in 1835.

neg: Kovkab Safaraliyeva Kovkab Kamil qizi Safaraliyeva (Azerbaijani: "Kövkəb Səfərəliyeva" ) (3 January 1907 in Baku – 27 June 1985 in Baku) was an Azerbaijani classical pianist, piano instructor, and concertmaster.

neg: Alexander Brailowsky Alexander Brailowsky (16 February 1896 – 25 April 1976) was a Russian-born French pianist who specialized in the works of Frédéric Chopin. He was a leading concert pianist in the years between the two World Wars.

neg: Geoffrey Tozer Geoffrey Peter Bede Hawkshaw Tozer (5 November 195421 August 2009) was an Australian classical pianist and composer. A child prodigy, he composed an opera at the age of eight, and became the youngest recipient of a Churchill Fellowship award at 13. His career included tours of Europe, America, Australia and China, where he performed the "Yellow River Concerto" to an estimated audience of 80 million people. Tozer had more than 100 concertos in his repertoire, including those of Mozart, Beethoven, Liszt, Brahms, Tchaikovsky, Medtner, Rachmaninoff, Bartók, Stravinsky, Prokofiev and Gerhard.

neg: Alexander Satz Alexander Igorevich Satz (Russian: Александр Игоревич Сац , "Aleksandr Igorevič Sats"; Moscow, 31 January 1941 – 18 January 2007 ) was a Russian pianist and educator.

neg: Mark Hambourg Mark Hambourg (Russian: Марк Михайлович Гамбург , 1 June 187926 August 1960) was a Russian-British concert pianist.

neg: Anna Caroline Oury Anna Caroline Oury ("née" De Belleville), also known as Ninette de Belleville, Ninette von Belleville or Ninette de Belleville-Oury (24 June 1808 – 22 July 1880), was a German pianist and composer of French ancestry.


query: Griggstown cow is believed to be a New Jersey myth, similar to what legendary creature that is said to inhabit the Pine Barrens in Southern New Jersey?

pos: Griggstown cow For thirty years there had been a legend of a "ghost cow" that wandered the areas around the Millstone River floodplain and Griggstown. The cow was seen many times but only on foggy nights or other times of poor visibility, and many tales were told by local hunters and hikers along the canal path. No spoor or tracks were ever found. Some fuzzy photographs were even taken, but they were all inconclusive. At the time area was mostly suburban homes and open fields, and the canal was now a state park and walking trail so reports of a lone feral cow wandering a suburban park for decades were greeted with suspicion by local authorities. The cow became known as a sort of "Loch Ness Monster" of New Jersey and believed to be a myth, much like the Jersey Devil.

pos: Jersey Devil In New Jersey folklore, the Jersey Devil is a legendary creature said to inhabit the Pine Barrens of Southern New Jersey, United States. The creature is often described as a flying biped with hooves, but there are many variations. The common description is that of a kangaroo-like creature with the head of a goat, leathery bat-like wings, horns, small arms with clawed hands, cloven hooves and a forked tail. It has been reported to move quickly and often is described as emitting a "blood-curdling scream".

neg: Shub-Niggurath Shub-Niggurath, often associated with the phrase “The Black Goat of the Woods with a Thousand Young”, is a deity in the Cthulhu Mythos of H. P. Lovecraft. The only other name by which H. P. Lovecraft referred to her was "Lord of the Wood" in his story "The Whisperer in Darkness".

neg: Thunderbird (cryptozoology) Thunderbird is a term used in cryptozoology to describe large, bird-like creatures, generally identified with the Thunderbird of Native American tradition. Similar cryptids reported in the Old World are often called Rocs. Thunderbirds are regarded by a small number of researchers as having lizard features like the extinct pterosaurs such as "Pteranodon". Reports of Thunderbird sightings go back centuries, and the fossil record does show that giant birds (teratorns) with wingspans between 12 and were likely contemporary with early man. Today the creature is generally regarded as a myth.

neg: Hunterdon Plateau Hunterdon Plateau is a plateau in western Hunterdon County, New Jersey. It borders the higher Musconetcong Mountain to the northwest, the Delaware River to the west, Amwell Valley to the south and the lower lying areas of the Newark Basin to the east. The plateau's edge follows a line from Raven Rock to Flemington. From there it follows a curved path west of the South Branch Raritan River until it meets with the Musconetcongs. It is generally unmarred as a plateau, excluding some of the small valleys of tributaries along the Delaware, of Lopatcong Creek and Wickecheoke Creek and Cakepoulin/Capoolong Creek Valley. Other features are Thatcher's Hill and Sand Hill which form southeastward extensions to the plateau due to a valley of Walnut Brook and the curve of the plateau there.

neg: Splintercat The splintercat ("Felynx arbordiffisus") is a legendary creature and fictional animal in the United States.

neg: Loch Ness Monster The Loch Ness Monster, or Nessie, is an aquatic being which reputedly inhabits Loch Ness in the Scottish Highlands. It is similar to other supposed lake monsters in Scotland and elsewhere, and is often described as being large in size, with a long neck and one or more humps protruding from the water. Popular interest and belief in the creature has varied since it was brought to worldwide attention in 1933. Evidence of its existence is anecdotal, with a few disputed photographs and sonar readings.

neg: Pine Creek Path The Pine Creek Path was a major Native American trail in the U.S. State of Pennsylvania that ran north along Pine Creek from the West Branch Susquehanna River near Long Island (modern-day Jersey Shore) to the headwaters of the Genesee River (in modern-day Genesee Township, Pennsylvania).

neg: Jack the Giant Killer "Jack the Giant Killer" is an English fairy tale and legend about a plucky (presumably) young adult who slays a number of giants during King Arthur's reign. The tale is characterised by violence, gore and blood-letting. Giants are prominent in Cornish folklore, Breton mythology and Welsh Bardic lore. Some parallels to elements and incidents in Norse mythology have been detected in the tale, and the trappings of Jack's last adventure with the Giant Galigantus suggest parallels with French and Breton fairy tales such as Bluebeard. Jack's belt is similar to the belt in "The Valiant Little Tailor", and his magical sword, shoes, cap, and cloak are similar to those owned by Tom Thumb or those found in Welsh and Norse mythology.

neg: Bullock, New Jersey Bullock is an unincorporated community that straddles Woodland Township, Burlington County and Manchester Township, Ocean County in the middle of the New Jersey Pine Barrens. Much of the area surrounding Bullock is a part of the Brendan T. Byrne State Forest though there are some clearings for small houses along Savoy Boulevard in Woodland Township and Pasadena Road in Manchester Township. The settlement is located where these two roads, the New Jersey Southern Railroad, and the Keith line (separating the two counties) converge.

neg: Squonk The Squonk is a mythical creature reputed to live in the Hemlock forests of northern Pennsylvania. Legends of squonks probably originated in the late nineteenth century, at the height of Pennsylvania's importance in the potential timber industry.

neg: John T. Cunningham John T. Cunningham (June 26, 1915 – June 7, 2012) was an American journalist, writer, and historian who published numerous works related to the history of his native state, New Jersey. Long known as "New Jersey’s popular historian", his "This is New Jersey", originally published in 1953, has never gone out of print. Cunningham work has also included collaboration on several documentaries and frequent speaking engagements.

neg: Bear's Paw Hanging Rock, also known as Bear's Paw (Yonah‑wayah in Cherokee), is a mountain in the North Carolina High Country, next to the town of Seven Devils. It is along the Avery and Watauga border. Its elevation reaches 5203 ft . The mountain generates feeder streams for the Elk and Watauga rivers.

neg: Sigbin The Sigbin or Sigben is a creature in Philippine mythology said to come out at night to suck the blood of victims from their shadows. It is said to walk backwards with its head lowered between its hind legs, and to have the ability to become invisible to other creatures, especially humans. It resembles a hornless goat, but has very large ears which it can clap like a pair of hands and a long, flexible tail that can be used as a whip. The "Sigbin" is said to emit a nauseating odor.

neg: Warren Grove, New Jersey Warren Grove is an unincorporated rural community that is a part of Stafford Township, Barnegat Township and Little Egg Harbor Township in Ocean County, New Jersey, United States. Its location in the heart of the Pine Barrens makes it one of the most secluded and remote corners of the state.

neg: Goat Island (South Carolina) Goat Island is an island located between Mt. Pleasant and Isle of Palms, South Carolina, United States, on the Intracoastal Waterway. It is one of the smallest islands of the region, being only as large as a neighborhood street. There is another Goat Island in Murrells Inlet, South Carolina, that is approximately 20,000 square feet. It is called Goat Island because every spring a man named Bubba Love (a local celebrity) and few friends place some goats on the islands. Tourists walking along the Marshwalk (a boardwalk that overlooks the marsh) can watch the goats. Goat Island has added peacocks to the population.

neg: Raggies The Raggies are a group of people that live in the northwestern part of the state of Connecticut. Their ancestors were said to be iron workers in the forges on and around Mount Riga in Salisbury, also known as "Mt. Raggie" in the local area. The term "Raggie" generally connotates an economically-poorer white person, often of old Yankee stock.

neg: Plymouth Pinelands The greater Plymouth, Massachusetts area hosts some of the most significant natural ecosystems in the Northeastern United States. Outwash from the last of numerous glacial periods left thick glacial deposits of sand and gravel, providing the geologic foundation for globally rare pine barrens. This fire-adapted forest is home to a host of rare species found almost nowhere else in the world. Interspersed among the 20,000 acres (80 km²) of pine barrens are dozens of remarkable coastal plain ponds. In addition to supporting federally endangered Plymouth Redbelly Turtles and globally rare plant communities, these ponds are windows on the Plymouth/Carver Sole Source Aquifer - the largest drinking water aquifer in the state of Massachusetts.

neg: La Corbière La Corbière (Jèrriais: "La Corbiéthe") is the extreme south-western point of Jersey in St. Brelade. The name means "a place where crows gather", deriving from the word "corbîn" meaning "crow". However, seagulls have long since displaced the crows from their coastal nesting sites.

neg: Jiibayaabooz Known in the Ojibwe mythology as Jiibayaabooz (also recorded as Chipiapoos or Cheeby-aub-oozoo, meaning "Spirit Rabbit" or "Ghost of Rabbit") or in the Abenaki mythology as Mateguas (Rabbit), this figure is a trickster spirit, and figures prominently in their storytelling, including the story of the world's creation. Depending on the tradition, he was either the second or third son of "Wiininwaa" ("Nourishment"), a human mother, and "E-bangishimog" ("In the West"), a spirit father.

neg: Ogre An ogre (feminine ogress) is a term used in myth and folk tales for a variety of abominable and brutish hominid monsters, informally large, unpleasant, grotesque, predatory, and typically cannibalistic towards normal human beings, infants, and children. Ogres and similar creatures feature in mythology, folklore, and fiction around the world, appearing in many classic works of literature and fairy tales.

neg: Cormoran Cormoran ( or ) is a giant associated with St. Michael's Mount in the folklore of Cornwall. Local tradition credits him with creating the island, in some versions with the aid of his wife Cormelian, and using it as a base to raid cattle from the mainland communities. Cormoran appears in the English fairy tale "Jack the Giant Killer" as the first giant slain by the hero, Jack, and in tales of "Tom the Tinkeard" as a giant too old to present a serious threat.


query: Which Argentinian Province capital was on the Andean Railway line built towards the end of the 19th century?

pos: Andean Railway The Andean Railway (native name: Ferrocarril Andino) was a state-owned railway company in Argentina which, towards the end of the 19th century, built and operated a line connecting Villa María in Córdoba Province with the cities of Mendoza, San Luis and San Juan. The network was later sold to a number of British-owned railway companies.

pos: San Luis, Argentina San Luis is the capital city of San Luis Province in the Cuyo region of Argentina. It is also the seat of the Juan Martín de Pueyrredón Department.

neg: Acheral Acheral is a settlement in Tucumán Province in the Monteros Department in northern Argentina in proximity to the Pre-Cordilleras of the Andes. It is accessed from the provincial capital city by Ruta Nacional 38 to the south.

neg: Los Andes Department Los Andes (i.e.: "The Andes") is a department located in Salta Province, Argentina. It is the second largest by area in the province, after Rivadavia Department, and its capital is the town of San Antonio de los Cobres.

neg: Capital Department, Córdoba Capital Department is a department of Córdoba Province in Argentina.

neg: Buenos Aires Midland Railway The Buenos Aires Midland Railway (BAM) was a British-owned railway company which operated in Argentina, where it was known as Ferrocarril Midland de Buenos Aires. The company built and operated the gauge (metre gauge) line between Puente Alsina and Carhué in Buenos Aires Province.

neg: Los Andes Province, Chile Los Andes Province (Spanish: "Provincia de Los Andes" ) is one of eight provinces of the central Chilean region of Valparaíso (V). The city of Los Andes is the capital of the province.

neg: Capilla del Señor Historic Train The Capilla del Señor Historic Train was a heritage railway of Buenos Aires Province in Argentina. The service ran trains pulled by steam locomotives between the cities of Buenos Aires (departing from Federico Lacroze terminal in Chacarita) and Capilla del Señor, covering a distance of 86 km . Trains ran on tracks originally built by the Buenos Aires Central Railway and currently part of General Urquiza Railway since the railway nationalisation of 1948.

neg: Federico Lacroze Federico Lacroze (4 November 1835 – 16 February 1899) was an Argentine businessman and railway entrepreneur of French descent. He created the first tram line in Buenos Aires and his Buenos Aires Central Railway helped link the provinces of Entre Ríos, Corrientes and Misiones by rail to Argentina's capital. Lacroze is buried in La Recoleta Cemetery, Buenos Aires.

neg: Arroyo Seco, Santa Fe Arroyo Seco is a city in the province of Santa Fe, Argentina. It has about 24,000 inhabitants according to the 2001 census . Its name (literally "dry stream") is the same as a neighbouring creek. The city is located on the western shore of the Paraná River and can be reached also by National Route 9 (Argentina), Provincial Route 21, and the Nuevo Central Argentino railway line.

neg: Comodoro Rivadavia Railway The Comodoro Rivadavia and Colonia Sarmiento Railway ("Ferrocarril de Comodoro Rivadavia a Colonia Sarmiento") was an Argentine railway company that built and operated a broad gauge line that connected the port of Comodoro Rivadavia with Colonia Sarmiento in Chubut Province. The FCCRCS -belonging to Argentine State Railway- also connected to Central Chubut Railway.

neg: Bahía Blanca Sud railway station Bahía Blanca Sud (English: Bahía Blanca South) is a railway station of the Argentine rail network, part of the General Roca Railway. Originally built and operated by the Buenos Aires Great Southern Railway, it is located in the city of Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires Province. In November 2014 the station was declared National Historical Monument by the Argentine government.

neg: Las Lajas, Neuquén Las Lajas ("The Flagstones") is a town in Neuquén Province, Argentina, and the capital of Picunches Department. The town, at an altitude of 900 m above mean sea level, is located on the right shore of Agrio River at the Andean foothills. National Routes 22 and 40 intersect in this area of the central Neuquén Province. The Cuchillo Curá range, considered the most important underground ecosystem in Argentina, extends approximately 10 km from Las Lajas.

neg: Córdoba and Huatusco Railroad The Córdoba and Huatusco Railroad ("Ferrocarril de Córdoba a Huatusco", FCCH) was a narrow gauge railway connecting Huatusco with Córdoba. It was opened in 1902 and closed in 1953.

neg: Río Grande, Tierra del Fuego Río Grande is a city in Argentina, on the north coast of the eastern part of the Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego. It has a population of 67,038, and is the industrial capital of the Tierra del Fuego Province.

neg: Puerto Madryn Puerto Madryn (] ; Welsh: "Porth Madryn") is a city in the province of Chubut in Argentine Patagonia. It is the capital of the Biedma Department, and has about 93,995 inhabitants according to the last census in 2010.

neg: Chapelco Chapelco, or Cerro Chapelco, is a mountain and massif in Neuquén Province, south-western Argentina. The ski station of the same name is located 19 km from the resort town of San Martín de los Andes.

neg: Transandine Railway The Transandine Railway (Spanish: Ferrocarril Trasandino ) was a combined rack (Abt system) and adhesion railway which operated from Mendoza in Argentina, across the Andes mountain range via the Uspallata Pass, to Santa Rosa de Los Andes in Chile, a distance of 248 km. The railway has been out of service since 1984, and has been partly dismantled. There has been talk about restoring the railway, but there is currently no indication of any restorative work underway.

neg: Cipolletti Cipolletti (] or ] ) is a city in north of the Patagonian province of Río Negro, Argentina , with 75,078 inhabitants at the 2001 census .

neg: Chos Malal Chos Malal is the capital city of the Chos Malal Department in Neuquén Province, Argentina.

neg: Salta–Antofagasta railway The Salta–Antofagasta railway, also named Huaytiquina, is a non-electrified single track railway line that links Argentina and Chile passing through the Andes. It is a railway with a total length of 941 km (571 in Argentina and 330 in Chile), connecting the city of Salta (Argentina) to the one of Antofagasta (Chile), on the Pacific Ocean, passing through the Puna de Atacama and Atacama Desert.

neg: National Railway Museum (Peru) The National Railway Museum of Peru is located in Tacna.


query: What is the middle name of the daughter of Paul M. Fleiss?

pos: Paul M. Fleiss Paul Murray Fleiss (September 8, 1933 – July 19, 2014) was an American pediatrician and author known for his unconventional medical views. Fleiss was a popular and sought-after pediatrician in the Greater Los Angeles area, both among poor and middle-class patients living near his Los Feliz office and among Southern California celebrities. Fleiss was a breastfeeding and anti-circumcision advocate. He recommended but did not insist upon childhood vaccinations, and stated he could be "convinced either way" as to whether HIV causes AIDS. In 1994, he pleaded guilty to conspiracy and bank fraud in relation to his daughter Heidi's prostitution ring.

pos: Heidi Fleiss Heidi Lynne Fleiss (born December 30, 1965) is an American former madam, and also a columnist and television personality regularly featured in the 1990s in American media. She ran a prostitution ring based in Los Angeles, California, and is often referred to as the "Hollywood Madam".

neg: Nellie Grant Nellie Grant (July 4, 1855 – August 30, 1922) was the third child and only daughter of U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant and First Lady Julia Grant.

neg: Maria Christina O'Connell Maria Christina O'Connell (born October 11, 1960) is the eldest daughter of Daniel Patrick O'Connell and Renate Else Agnes von Kleist. She is the second child in a family of five children and more generally known by her second name, Christina.

neg: Nancy Flavin Nancy Flavin (born June 26, 1950 in Northampton, Massachusetts) is an American politician who represented the 2nd Hampshire District in the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 1993–2003.

neg: Andrea von Habsburg Andrea von Habsburg ("Andrea Maria von Habsburg-Lothringen") Archduchess of Austria, Hereditary Countess of Neipperg, (born 30 May 1953, in Würzburg, Bavaria), is the first child and oldest daughter of Otto von Habsburg and his wife Princess Regina of Saxe-Meiningen.

neg: Princess Louise of Belgium Princess Louise of Belgium (18 February 1858 in Brussels – 1 March 1924 in Wiesbaden) was the eldest daughter of Leopold II and his wife, Marie Henriette of Austria. Louise was named after her paternal grandmother, the Belgian queen Louise of Orleans, and her mother.

neg: Helen Clay Frick Helen Clay Frick (1888–1984) was an American philanthropist and art collector. She was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the third child of the coke and steel magnate Henry Clay Frick (1849–1919) and Adelaide Howard Childs (1859–1931). Two of her siblings did not reach adulthood, and her father played favorites with his two surviving children, Childs Frick (1883–1965) and Helen. After the reading of their father's will, which favored Helen, the brother and sister were estranged for the rest of their lives. Nonetheless, Helen developed as a strong, independent and spirited young woman. She was equally interested in art history and philanthropy, making a catalogue of her father's art collection as a young woman, a collection which became the Frick Collection in New York.

neg: Barbara Siggers Franklin Barbara Vernice Franklin (née Siggers; June 29, 1917 – March 7, 1952) was the mother of American singer–songwriter Aretha Franklin and wife of C. L. Franklin, the African-American Baptist minister of New Bethel Baptist Church in Detroit, Michigan.

neg: Esther Cleveland Esther Cleveland (September 9, 1893 – June 25, 1980) was the second child of Grover Cleveland, 22nd and 24th President of the United States, and his wife Frances Folsom Cleveland.

neg: Ann Romney Ann Lois Romney (née Davies; born April 16, 1949) is the wife of American businessman and politician, Mitt Romney. From 2003 to 2007, Romney was First Lady of Massachusetts, while her husband served as Governor.

neg: Princess Marie Adelaide of Luxembourg Princess Marie-Adélaïde of Luxembourg (Marie-Adélaïde Louise Thérèse Wilhelmine; 21 May 1924 – 28 February 2007) was a Luxembourgish princess, the third child and the second daughter of Grand Duchess Charlotte (1896–1985) and Felix of Bourbon-Parma (1893–1970).

neg: Nike Wagner Nike Wagner (] ) (born 9 June 1945) is a German dramaturge, arts administrator and author. She directed the festival , and has been the director of the Beethovenfest from 2014. The daughter of Wieland Wagner, she is a great-granddaughter of Richard Wagner, and a great-great‑granddaughter of Franz Liszt. She devoted books to the Wagner family and its cultural and political influence.

neg: Diane Disney Miller Diane Marie Disney Miller (December 18, 1933 – November 19, 2013) was the oldest and only biological child of Walt Disney and his wife Lillian Bounds Disney.

neg: Princess Louise of Denmark (1875–1906) Princess Louise of Denmark ("Louise Caroline Josephine Sophie Thyra Olga") (17 February 1875 – 4 April 1906) was a Danish princess, the third child and oldest daughter of Frederick VIII of Denmark and his wife, Princess Louise of Sweden and Norway.

neg: Mary Jefferson Eppes Mary Jefferson Eppes (née Jefferson; August 1, 1778 – April 17, 1804), known as Polly in her childhood and Maria as an adult, was the younger of Thomas Jefferson's two daughters who survived infancy. She married a first cousin, John Wayles Eppes, and had three children with him. Only their son Francis W. Eppes survived childhood. Maria died months after the birth of her third child.

neg: Fritzi Fern Fritzi Fern (September 19, 1901 – September 20, 1932) was a motion picture actress from Akron, Ohio. Her birth name was Fritzi Fern Blower. She was the daughter of Mrs. Hattie R. Blower.

neg: Eva Maria Bucher-Haefner Eva Maria Bucher-Haefner (born 1956/1957) is a Swiss billionaire heiress, the daughter of Walter Haefner.

neg: Thea Flaum Thea Flaum (born Thea Kharasch; September 17, 1938) was an American television producer best known as the creator of "Sneak Previews", the movie review show featuring Roger Ebert and Gene Siskel. She is currently the president of the Hill Foundation for Families Living with Disabilities, a non-profit organization founded by Thea Flaum and her husband, Robert A. Hill.

neg: Doris Karpiel Doris Catherine Karpiel (née Feurein) (September 21, 1935) is a former American businesswoman and politician.

neg: Chiquis Rivera Janney Marín Rivera (born June 26, 1985), better known as Chiquis Rivera, is an American singer and television personality. She is the eldest daughter of singer Jenni Rivera.

neg: Cate Edwards Catharine Elizabeth "Cate" Edwards (born March 4, 1982) is an American attorney. Edwards is the daughter of former Senator (D-NC) John Edwards and Elizabeth Edwards. She gave eulogies after her brother Wade's death and after her mother Elizabeth's death. She frequently spoke for the family during her mother's final days and upon her death, and was widely admired as the public face of the family during these events.


query: In what year was the scientist born, whose work was the origin of experimental research?

pos: History of experiments The history of experimental research is long and varied. Indeed, the definition of an experiment itself has changed in responses to changing norms and practices within particular fields of study. This article documents the history and development of experimental research from its origins in Galileo's study of gravity into the diversely applied method in use today.

pos: Galileo Galilei Galileo Galilei (] ; 15 February 1564 – 8 January 1642) was an Italian polymath: astronomer, physicist, engineer, philosopher, and mathematician. He has been called the "father of observational astronomy", the "father of modern physics", the "father of the scientific method", and the "father of science". Galileo studied speed and velocity, gravity and free fall, the principle of relativity, inertia, projectile motion and also worked in applied science and technology, describing the properties of pendulums and "hydrostatic balances", inventing the thermoscope and various military compasses, and using the telescope (a Dutch optical instrument) for scientific observations of celestial objects.

neg: Christian von Ehrenfels Christian von Ehrenfels (also "Maria Christian Julius Leopold Freiherr von Ehrenfels"; 20 June 1859 – 8 September 1932) was an Austrian philosopher, and is known as one of the founders and precursors of Gestalt psychology.

neg: Johann Christian Poggendorff Johann Christian Poggendorff (29 December 1796 – 24 January 1877), was a German physicist born in Hamburg. By far the greater and more important part of his work related to electricity and magnetism. Poggendorff is known for his electrostatic motor which is analogous to Wilhelm Holtz's electrostatic machine. In 1841 he described the use of the potentiometer for measurement of electrical potentials without current draw.

neg: Robert Tryon Robert Choate Tryon (September 4, 1901 – September 27, 1967) was an American behavioral psychologist, who pioneered the study of hereditary trait inheritance and learning in animals. His series of experiments with laboratory rats showed that animals can be selectively bred for greater aptitude at certain intelligence tests, but that this selective breeding does not increase the general intelligence of the animals.

neg: Oliver Lodge Sir Oliver Joseph Lodge, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (12 June 1851 – 22 August 1940) was a British physicist and writer involved in the development of, and holder of key patents for, radio. He identified electromagnetic radiation independent of Hertz' proof and at his 1894 Royal Institution lectures (""The Work of Hertz and Some of His Successors""), Lodge demonstrated an early radio wave detector he named the "coherer". In 1898 he was awarded the "syntonic" (or tuning) patent by the United States Patent Office. Lodge was Principal of the University of Birmingham from 1900 to 1920.

neg: Robert Yerkes Robert Mearns Yerkes ( ; May 26, 1876 – February 3, 1956) was an American psychologist, ethologist, eugenicist and primatologist best known for his work in intelligence testing and in the field of comparative psychology.

neg: Bruce Ames Bruce Nathan Ames (born December 16, 1928) is an American biochemist. He is a professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Emeritus at the University of California, Berkeley, and a senior scientist at Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute (CHORI). He is the inventor of the Ames test, a system for easily and cheaply testing the mutagenicity of compounds.

neg: Wilhelm Wundt Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt (16 August 1832 – 31 August 1920) was a German physician, physiologist, philosopher, and professor, known today as one of the founding figures of modern psychology. Wundt, who noted psychology as a science apart from philosophy and biology, was the first person ever to call himself a psychologist. He is widely regarded as the "father of experimental psychology." In 1879, Wundt founded the first formal laboratory for psychological research at the University of Leipzig. This marked psychology as an independent field of study. By creating this laboratory he was able to establish psychology as a separate science from other topics. He also formed the first academic journal for psychological research, Philosophische Studien (from 1881 to 1902), set up to publish the Institute's research.

neg: Theory of heat In the history of science, the theory of heat or mechanical theory of heat was a theory, introduced in 1798 by Sir Benjamin Thompson (better known as 'Count Rumford'), and developed more thoroughly in 1824 by the French physicist Sadi Carnot, that heat and mechanical work are equivalent. It is related to the mechanical equivalent of heat. Over the next century, with the introduction of the second law of thermodynamics in 1850 by Rudolf Clausius, this theory evolved into the science of thermodynamics. In 1851, in his "On the Dynamical Theory of Heat", William Thomson outlined the view, as based on recent experiments by those such as James Joule, that “heat is not a substance, but a dynamical form of mechanical effect, we perceive that there must be an equivalence between mechanical work and heat, as between cause and effect.”

neg: Torricelli's experiment Torricelli's experiment was invented in Pisa in 1643 by the Italian scientist Evangelista Torricelli (1608-1647). The purpose of his experiment is to prove that the source of vacuum comes from atmospheric pressure.

neg: Darwin from Orchids to Variation Between 1860 and 1868, the life and work of Charles Darwin from "Orchids" to "Variation" continued with research and experimentation on evolution, carrying out tedious work to provide evidence of the extent of natural variation enabling artificial selection. He was repeatedly held up by his illness, and continued to find relaxation and interest in the study of plants. His studies of insect pollination led to publication of his book "Fertilisation of Orchids" as his first detailed demonstration of the power of natural selection, explaining the complex ecological relationships and making testable predictions. As his health declined, he lay on his sickbed in a room filled with inventive experiments to trace the movements of climbing plants.

neg: Frederic Bartlett Sir Frederic Charles Bartlett FRS (20 October 1886 – 30 September 1969) was a British psychologist and the first professor of experimental psychology at the University of Cambridge. He was one of the forerunners of cognitive psychology. Bartlett considered most of his own work on cognitive psychology to be a study in social psychology, but he was also interested in anthropology, moral science, philosophy, and sociology. Bartlett proudly referred to himself as "a Cambridge Psychologist" because while he was at the University of Cambridge, settling for one type of psychology was not an option.

neg: History of science The history of science is the study of the development of science and scientific knowledge, including both the natural sciences and social sciences. (The history of the arts and humanities is termed the history of scholarship.) Science is a body of empirical, theoretical, and practical knowledge about the natural world, produced by scientists who emphasize the observation, explanation, and prediction of real world phenomena. Historiography of science, in contrast, studies the methods by which historians study the history of science.

neg: Carl Friedrich Gauss Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss ( ; German: "Gauß" , ] ; Latin: "Carolus Fridericus Gauss" ) (30 April 177723 February 1855) was a German mathematician who contributed significantly to many fields, including number theory, algebra, statistics, analysis, differential geometry, geodesy, geophysics, mechanics, electrostatics, magnetic fields, astronomy, matrix theory, and optics.

neg: Empirical psychology Empirical psychology (German: "empirische Psychologie" ) is the work of a number of nineteenth century German-speaking pioneers of experimental psychology, including William James, Wilhelm Wundt and others. It also includes several philosophical theories of psychology which based themselves on the epistemological standpoint of empiricism, e.g., Franz Brentano's "Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint" (1874).

neg: Atwood machine The Atwood machine (or Atwood's machine) was invented in 1784 by the English mathematician George Atwood as a laboratory experiment to verify the mechanical laws of motion with constant acceleration. Atwood's machine is a common classroom demonstration used to illustrate principles of classical mechanics.

neg: Kamaloddin Jenab Kamaloddin Jenab (كمال الدین جناب) was an Iranian pioneer physicist. He is often credited for founding academic experimental science in Iranian universities.

neg: Experimental Cell Research Experimental Cell Research is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering cell biology. It was established in 1950 by Academic Press and is currently published by Elsevier.

neg: Auguste Arthur de la Rive Auguste Arthur de la Rive (October 9, 1801November 27, 1873) was a Swiss physicist. De la Rive's first scientific publication was on the influence of the Earth's magnetism upon a movable frame traversed by a voltaic current, published in 1822, and followed by a memoir upon Caustics, which appeared in 1823. Over a period of fifty years, De la Rive made numerous contributions to science, which were published in the "Mémoires de la Société de Physique et d'Histoire Naturelle de Genève" or in the "Bibliothèque universelle de Genève".

neg: Experiments on Plant Hybridization "Experiments on Plant Hybridization" (German: "Versuche über Pflanzen-Hybriden") is a seminal paper written in 1865 and published in 1866 by Gregor Mendel, an Augustinian friar considered to be the founder of modern genetics. The paper was the result after years spent studying genetic traits in "Pisum sativum", the pea plant. Mendel read his paper to the Natural History Society of Brünn. It was published in the "Proceedings of the Natural History Society of Brünn" the following year.

neg: Ernst von Fleischl-Marxow Ernst von Fleischl-Marxow, also Ernst Fleischl von Marxow (5 August 1846, Vienna – 22 October 1891, Vienna), son of Karl Fleischl Edlem von Marxow and his wife Ida (née Marx) was an Austrian physiologist and physician who became known for his important investigations on the electrical activity of nerves and the brain. He was also a creative inventor of new devices which were widely adopted in clinical medicine and physiological research.