query: Who wrote the original work that the opera Joseph Kaiser made his debut was based on?

pos: Joseph Kaiser Joseph Kaiser is a Canadian operatic tenor. In 2005, he won second prize in Plácido Domingo's Operalia International Opera Competition while competing as a baritone. The judges were keen to his talents and potential as a tenor, and proposed that he make the switch to tenor. He has performed as a soloist with the New York Metropolitan Opera, making his debut in October 2007 as Roméo in Charles Gounod's "Roméo et Juliette". In November he returned to the Met sing the role of Tamino Mozart's "Die Zauberflöte".

pos: Roméo et Juliette Roméo et Juliette ("Romeo and Juliet") is an opera in five acts by Charles Gounod to a French libretto by Jules Barbier and Michel Carré, based on "The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet" by William Shakespeare. It was first performed at the Théâtre Lyrique (Théâtre-Lyrique Impérial du Châtelet), Paris on 27 April 1867. This opera is notable for the series of four duets for the main characters and the waltz song ""Je veux vivre"" for the soprano.

neg: Schneewittchen (opera) Schneewittchen (Snow White) is an opera by Heinz Holliger. He wrote the libretto based on a poetic text by Robert Walser in iambic trimeter. The opera received its première on 17 October 1998 at the Zurich Opera House which had commissioned the work. The work is a psychoanalytical reworking of the fairy tale, analysing the complex relationships between the roles. It is not a .

neg: Nightingale (musical) Nightingale: A New Musical is a musical (described by the composer as a children's opera) in one act, with book, music and lyrics by Charles Strouse. It is based on Hans Christian Andersen's fairy tale, "The Nightingale", and tells the story of a Chinese emperor who learns, nearly too late, that wealth cannot buy happiness.

neg: Servilia (opera) Servilia (Russian: Сервилия , "Serviliya", the name of a main character), is an opera in five acts by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov. The work was completed in 1901, and was first performed in 1902 in St. Petersburg, Russia. The composer wrote the libretto, which is based on the drama by Lev Alexandrovich Mey. The story is set in Ancient Rome during Nero's reign.

neg: Piano Sonata No. 1 (Rachmaninoff) Piano Sonata No. 1 in D minor, Op. 28, is a piano sonata by Sergei Rachmaninoff, completed in 1908. It is the first of three "Dresden pieces", along with Symphony No. 2 and part of an opera, which were composed in the quiet city of Dresden, Germany. It was originally inspired by Goethe's tragic play "Faust"; although Rachmaninoff abandoned the idea soon after beginning composition, traces of this influence can still be found. After numerous revisions and substantial cuts made at the advice of his colleagues, he completed it on April 11, 1908. Konstantin Igumnov gave the premiere in Moscow on October 17, 1908. It received a lukewarm response there, and remains one of the least performed of Rachmaninoff's works.

neg: Iolanta Iolanta, Op. 69, (Russian: Иоланта ) is a lyric opera in one act by Pyotr Tchaikovsky. It was the last opera he composed. The libretto was written by the composer's brother Modest Tchaikovsky, and is based on the Danish play "Kong Renés Datter " ("King René's Daughter") by Henrik Hertz, a romanticised account of the life of Yolande de Bar. In the original Danish play, the spelling of the princess's name was "Iolanthe", later adopted for the otherwise unrelated Gilbert and Sullivan operetta of that name. The play was translated by Fyodor Miller and adapted by Vladimir Zotov. The opera received its premiere on 18 December 1892 in Saint Petersburg.

neg: Pique Dame (Suppé) Pique Dame ("The Queen of Spades") is an operetta in two acts by Franz von Suppé to a German-language libretto very loosely based on Alexander Pushkin's short story "The Queen of Spades". The author of the libretto is unknown. "Pique Dame" was a revised version of Suppé's 1862 operetta "Die Kartenschlägerin" ("The Fortune Teller") and premiered in June 1864 at the Thalia Theater in Graz. The work is primarily known today for its overture which remains a popular concert piece.

neg: Doktor Faust Doktor Faust is an opera by Ferruccio Busoni with a German libretto by the composer himself, based on the myth of Faust. Busoni worked on the opera, which he intended as his masterpiece, between 1916 and 1924, but it was still incomplete at the time of his death. His pupil Philipp Jarnach finished it. More recently, in 1982, Antony Beaumont completed the opera using sketches by Busoni which were previously thought to have been lost. Nancy Chamness has published an analysis of the libretto to "Doktor Faust" and a comparison with Goethe's version.

neg: La finta semplice La finta semplice ("The Fake Innocent"), K. 51 (46a) is an opera buffa in three acts for seven voices and orchestra, composed in 1768 by then 12-year-old Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Young Mozart and his father Leopold were spending the year in Vienna, where Leopold was trying to establish his son as an opera composer. He was acting on a suggested request from the Emperor Joseph II that the young boy should write an opera.

neg: Der Kreidekreis (opera) Der Kreidekreis (Op. 21), is an opera in three acts by Alexander von Zemlinsky to a libretto by the composer after the play "" by Klabund – a telling of the "Chalk Circle" story. The opera was written during 1930-31 and premiered on 14 October 1933 in the Zürich Opera House. Among the singers were Artūrs Cavara, Maria Bernhard-Ulbrich; Fred Destal, Georg Oeggl and Peter Klein; it was directed by Karl Schmid-Bloß and the stage design was by .

neg: Telemaco (Gluck) The opera was written for the wedding of the Emperor (to be) Joseph II and Princess Maria Josepha of Bavaria.

neg: Peter Schmoll und seine Nachbarn Peter Schmoll und seine Nachbarn ("Peter Schmoll and his Neighbours") is the third opera by Carl Maria von Weber and the first for which the music has survived, though the libretto has not. It was written in 1802 when the composer was only 15 and premiered in Augsburg the following year. The opera takes the form of a Singspiel, mixing spoken dialogue and musical numbers. The libretto is based on a novel by C.G. Cramer.

neg: Elisabeth (musical) Elisabeth is a Viennese, German-language musical commissioned by the Vereinigte Bühnen Wien (VBW), with book/lyrics by Michael Kunze and music by Sylvester Levay. It portrays the life and death of Empress Elisabeth of Austria, wife of Emperor Franz Joseph I. It has been translated into seven languages and seen by over ten million spectators worldwide, making it the most successful German-language musical of all time.

neg: Don Juan Triumphant Don Juan Triumphant is the name of a fictional opera written by the title character in the novel "The Phantom of the Opera". In the 1986 musical "The Phantom of the Opera" by Andrew Lloyd Webber, the concept is expanded as an opera within a musical and the performance of it plays a major role in the storyline. The fictional piece draws major inspiration from the Mozart's famous work "Don Giovanni" yet the Phantom's opera is depicted as far more bleak and dark.

neg: Der Kuhreigen Der Kuhreigen is an opera (called a 'musikalisches Schauspiel' or 'musical play') in three acts by the Austrian composer Wilhelm Kienzl. The libretto, by Richard Batka, is after Rudolf Hans Bartsch's novel "Die kleine Blanchefleur". It was first performed at the Volksoper in Vienna on 23 November 1911.

neg: La canterina La canterina ("The Songstress" or "The Diva"), Hob. XXVIII/2, is a short, two-act opera buffa by Joseph Haydn, the first one he wrote for Prince Esterhazy. Based on the intermezzo from the third act of Niccolò Piccinni's opera L'Origille (1760), it lasts about 50 minutes. It was written in 1766, and was premiered in the fall of that year.

neg: Richard Wagner Wilhelm Richard Wagner ( ; ] ; 22 May 181313 February 1883) was a German composer, theatre director, polemicist, and conductor who is primarily known for his operas (or, as some of his later works were later known, "music dramas"). Unlike most opera composers, Wagner wrote both the libretto and the music for each of his stage works. Initially establishing his reputation as a composer of works in the romantic vein of Weber and Meyerbeer, Wagner revolutionised opera through his concept of the "Gesamtkunstwerk" ("total work of art"), by which he sought to synthesise the poetic, visual, musical and dramatic arts, with music subsidiary to drama. He described this vision in a series of essays published between 1849 and 1852. Wagner realised these ideas most fully in the first half of the four-opera cycle "Der Ring des Nibelungen" ("The Ring of the Nibelung").

neg: Die Hochzeit Die Hochzeit ("The Wedding", WWV 31) is an unfinished opera by Richard Wagner which predates his completed works in the genre. Wagner completed the libretto, then started composing the music in the second half of 1832 when he was just nineteen. He abandoned the project after his sister Rosalie, who was the main supporter and the spokesman of the family, expressed her disgust at the story. Wagner destroyed the libretto.

neg: Das Feuerwerk Das Feuerwerk (The Firework) is a musical comedy in three acts by Paul Burkhard. It is a Standard German version of the theatre piece "Der schwarze Hecht", performed in Swiss German, which premiered in 1939 at Schauspielhaus Zürich, and originally draws inspiration from the comedy "De sächzigscht Giburtstag" by Emil Sautter. The libretto was written by Erik Charell, Jürg Amstein and Robert Gilbert. "Das Feuerwerk" premiered on 16 May 1950 at Staatstheater am Gärtnerplatz in Munich.

neg: William Tell (opera) Guillaume Tell (English: William Tell , Italian: Guglielmo Tell ) is a French opera in four acts by Gioachino Rossini to a libretto by Étienne de Jouy and Hippolyte Bis. Based on Friedrich Schiller's play "William Tell," which drew on the William Tell legend, the opera was Rossini's last, although he lived for nearly forty more years. Fabio Luisi said that Rossini planned for "William Tell" to be his last opera even as he composed it. The overture, in four sections and featuring a depiction of a storm as well as a vivacious finale, the "March of the Swiss Soldiers," is often played.

neg: Mathis der Maler (opera) Mathis der Maler ("Matthias the Painter") is an opera by Paul Hindemith. The opera's genesis lay in Hindemith's interest in the Reformation. The work's protagonist, Matthias Grünewald, was an actual historical figure who flourished in that era, and whose art, in particular the Isenheim Altarpiece, inspired many creative figures in the early 20th century, including Joris-Karl Huysmans's novel "Là-bas".


query: The philosopher of whom Rush Reese was literary executor taught at which university?

pos: Rush Rhees Rush Rhees ( ; 19 March 1905 – 22 May 1989) was an American philosopher. He is principally known as a student, friend, and literary executor of the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein. With G. E. M. Anscombe, he edited Wittgenstein's posthumous "Philosophical Investigations" (1953), a highly influential work. He was also responsible for publishing other works by Wittgenstein, including "Remarks on the Foundations of Mathematics", "Philosophische Bemerkungen", "Philosophical Remarks", and "Philosophical Grammar". Rhees taught at Swansea University from 1940 to 1966.

pos: Ludwig Wittgenstein Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein ( ; ] ; 26 April 1889 – 29 April 1951) was an Austrian-British philosopher who worked primarily in logic, the philosophy of mathematics, the philosophy of mind, and the philosophy of language. From 1929 to 1947, Wittgenstein taught at the University of Cambridge. During his lifetime he published just one slim book, the 75-page "Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus" (1921), one article, one book review and a children's dictionary. His voluminous manuscripts were edited and published posthumously. "Philosophical Investigations" appeared as a book in 1953, and has since come to be recognised as one of the most important works of philosophy in the twentieth century. His teacher Bertrand Russell described Wittgenstein as "the most perfect example I have ever known of genius as traditionally conceived; passionate, profound, intense, and dominating".

neg: George Dickie (philosopher) George Dickie (born 1926 in Palmetto, Florida) is a Professor Emeritus of Philosophy at University of Illinois at Chicago. His specialities include aesthetics, philosophy of art and Eighteenth Century theories of taste.

neg: Bruce Wilshire Bruce W. Wilshire (February 8, 1932 – January 1, 2013) was an American philosopher who taught in the philosophy department at Rutgers University, from which he retired as Professor Emeritus in 2009. Beginning as a specialist in William James, he became known for his work on philosophy and theater, his criticisms of analytic philosophy, and his interest in Native American philosophy.

neg: William J. Richardson William John Richardson, S.J. (2 November 1920 – 10 December 2016) was an American philosopher, who was among the very first to write a comprehensive study of the philosophy of Martin Heidegger, featuring an important preface by Heidegger himself. In addition to his specialization in Heidegger, Richardson was also, as a trained psychoanalyst, a specialist in the thought of Jacques Lacan. He was a Jesuit priest (entering the order on 14 August 1941, he was ordained a priest on 15 August 1953). He taught philosophy at Fordham University and since 1981, at Boston College, where he was, at the time of his death, emeritus professor of philosophy. He died in December 2016 in Weston, Massachusetts at the age of 96.

neg: Paul Redding Paul Redding is an Australian philosopher and professor of philosophy at the University of Sydney. He is known for his research on Kantian philosophy and the tradition of German idealism and its relation to analytic philosophy and pragmatism.

neg: Jay Newman Jay Newman (February 28, 1948 – June 17, 2007) was a philosopher and Professor at the University of Guelph in Guelph, Ontario.

neg: Cynthia Willett Cynthia Willett is Samuel Candler Dobbs Professor of Philosophy at Emory University, where she is also affiliated faculty with Women, Gender, and Sexuality Studies and with the Psychoanalytic Studies Program. She has written influential books on intersectional feminism and founded Emory's Institute for the History of Philosophy. Willett was on the American Philosophical Association's Executive Board between 2008 and 2010, and was recently the co-director of the Society for Phenomenology and Existential Philosophy. She earned her Ph.D. in 1988 from Pennsylvania State University.

neg: Kendall Walton Kendall Lewis Walton (born 1939) is an American philosopher, the Charles Stevenson Collegiate Professor of Philosophy and Professor of Art and Design at the University of Michigan. His work mainly deals with theoretical questions about the arts and issues of philosophy of mind, metaphysics, and philosophy of language. His book "Mimesis as Make Believe: On the Foundations of the Representational Arts" develops a theory of make-believe and uses it to understand the nature and varieties of representation in the arts. He has also developed an account of photography as transparent, defending the idea that we see through photographs, much as we see through telescopes or mirrors, and written extensively on pictorial representation, fiction and the emotions, the ontological status of fictional entities, the aesthetics of music, metaphor, and aesthetic value.

neg: Quentin Smith Quentin Persifor Smith (born August 27, 1952 in Rhinebeck, New York) is a professor emeritus of philosophy at Western Michigan University in Kalamazoo, Michigan. He has worked in the philosophy of time, philosophy of language, philosophy of physics and philosophy of religion. Smith has published over 140 articles and of his published books, he has authored three, co-authored two, and co-authored and edited seven. He was an editor for Prometheus Books and was the chief editor for "Philo" from 2001 to 2007. He has debated William Lane Craig over the existence of God.

neg: Alphonso Lingis Alphonso Lingis (born November 23, 1933 in Crete, Illinois) is an American philosopher, writer and translator, currently Professor Emeritus of Philosophy at Pennsylvania State University. His areas of specialization include phenomenology, existentialism, modern philosophy, and ethics.

neg: Robert Denoon Cumming Robert Denoon Cumming (1916 – 25 August 2004) was a Canadian-American philosopher and historian of twentieth-century Continental philosophy, especially phenomenology. He taught at Columbia University from 1948 to 1985, when he retired as Frederick E. Woodbridge professor emeritus of philosophy.

neg: Edmund Yard Robbins Edmund Yard Robbins (born 29 May 1867, Windsor, New Jersey – d. 30 May 1942, Princeton, New Jersey) was an American philosopher. He was Ewing Professor of the Greek Language and Literature at Princeton University. In 1889, he obtained a Bachelors, and in 1890 a master's degree from Princeton. From 1891 to 1894, he furthered his studies at the University of Leipzig. On his return he was as an instructor at Princeton University in Greek. In 1897 he was appointed assistant professor. After his graduation to Doctor of Letters with unpublished work of the Greek orator Isaeus (1901), he was appointed full professor in 1902. In 1910, he succeeded S. Stanhope Orris in the Ewing Professorship. From 1921 to 1922 he was professor at the Annual American School of Classical Studies at Athens. In 1936 he became professor emeritus.

neg: David Reidy (professor) David Reidy is an American philosopher, currently the Distinguished Humanities Professor at University of Tennessee.

neg: Gordon Anderson (author) Gordon L. Anderson is an American philosopher publishing executive and the author of "Philosophy of the United States" and Secretary General of Professors World Peace Academy. He is a graduate of Claremont Graduate University, where he earned a doctorate in philosophy of religion in 1986.

neg: Barbara Herman Barbara Herman (born May 9, 1945) is the Griffin Professor of Philosophy and Professor of Law at the University of California, Los Angeles Department of Philosophy. A well-known interpreter of Kant's ethics, Herman works on moral philosophy, the history of ethics, and social and political philosophy. Among her many honors and awards include a Guggenheim Fellowship (1985-1986) and election to the American Academy of Arts & Sciences (1995).

neg: Adrian Johnston (philosopher) Adrian Johnston is a Professor in the Department of Philosophy at the University of New Mexico at Albuquerque and a faculty member at the Emory Psychoanalytic Institute in Atlanta.

neg: Oren Ben-Dor Oren Ben-Dor (Hebrew: אורן בן דור  ) is a former professor of law and philosophy at the University of Southampton School of Law in the United Kingdom. He has published two books on these topics and edited a third on the troubled relationship between law and art. He has been published in various academic and mainstream publications.

neg: George Henry Radcliffe Parkinson George Henry Radcliffe Parkinson (1923-2015) (known as ‘Harry’), was a philosopher and historian of philosophy.

neg: Burt C. Hopkins Burt C. Hopkins (born February 7, 1954) is an American philosopher. He is an Associate Member of the University of Lille, UMR-CNRS 8163 STL, Permanent Faculty member of the Summer School of Phenomenology and Phenomenological Philosophy, Ca’Foscari University of Venice, former Professor and Chair of Philosophy at Seattle University and Permanent Secretary of the Husserl Circle

neg: Josiah Ober Josiah Ober is an American historian of ancient Greece and classical political theorist. He is Tsakopoulos-Kounalakis Professor in honor of Constantine Mitsotakis, and Professor of Classics and Political Science, at Stanford University. His teaching and research links ancient Greek history and philosophy with modern political theory and practice.

neg: Calvin Normore Calvin Normore (born June 25, 1948) is a philosopher at McGill University in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, where he holds the Macdonald Chair of Moral Philosophy since Fall 2008. He is also professor of Philosophy in the UCLA Department of Philosophy. Normore, an expert in Medieval Philosophy, is a past president of the Pacific division of the American Philosophical Association.


query: Who were the directors of the 2014 American 3D computer-animated superhero-comedy film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios for which Henry Jackman composed?

pos: Henry Jackman Henry Pryce Jackman (born 1974) is an English composer, conductor, arranger, pianist, musician, and songwriter. He is best known for composing major hit films such as "", "", "Wreck-It Ralph", "Captain Phillips", "", "", "Kick-Ass", "Kick-Ass 2", "Big Hero 6" and "The Interview", as well as the video games "" and "Just Cause 3".

pos: Big Hero 6 (film) Big Hero 6 is a 2014 American 3D computer-animated superhero-comedy film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures. Loosely based on the superhero team of the same name by Marvel Comics, the film is the 54th Disney animated feature film. Directed by Don Hall and Chris Williams, the film tells the story of Hiro Hamada, a young robotics prodigy who forms a superhero team to combat a masked villain. The film features the voices of Scott Adsit, Ryan Potter, Daniel Henney, T.J. Miller, Jamie Chung, Damon Wayans, Jr., Genesis Rodriguez, Alan Tudyk, James Cromwell, and Maya Rudolph.

neg: The Croods The Croods is a 2013 American 3D computer-animated comedy adventure film produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by 20th Century Fox. It stars the voices of Nicolas Cage, Emma Stone, Ryan Reynolds, Catherine Keener, Clark Duke, and Cloris Leachman. The film is set in a fictional prehistoric Pliocene era known as "The Croodaceous" (a prehistoric period which contains fictional prehistoric creatures) when a caveman's position as a "Leader of the Hunt" is threatened by the arrival of a prehistoric genius who comes up with revolutionary new inventions as they trek through a dangerous but exotic land in search of a new home.

neg: The Good Dinosaur The Good Dinosaur is a 2015 American 3D computer-animated comedy-drama adventure film produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures. The film is directed by Peter Sohn in his directorial debut from a screenplay by Meg LeFauve from an original idea by Bob Peterson. Set on a fictional Earth in which dinosaurs never became extinct, the film follows a young "Apatosaurus" named Arlo, who meets an unlikely human friend while traveling through a harsh and mysterious landscape. The film features the voices of Raymond Ochoa, Jack Bright, Sam Elliott, Anna Paquin, A.J. Buckley, Steve Zahn, Jeffrey Wright, and Frances McDormand.

neg: Jack and the Cuckoo-Clock Heart Jack and the Cuckoo-Clock Heart is a 2013 animated fantasy film based on the concept album by the French rock band Dionysos, and on the illustrated novel "La Mécanique du cœur" written by the band's lead singer Mathias Malzieu. The music of the film was entirely composed by Dionysos.

neg: Time Sandwich "Time Sandwich" is the thirty-third episode from the fifth season of the American animated television series "Adventure Time". Its original air date on Cartoon Network was September 9, 2013. The episode was written by Kent Osborne and Cole Sanchez and directed by Elizabeth Ito, from a story by Osborne, Pendleton Ward, Jack Pendarvis, and Adam Muto. Tom Kenny lent the voice of Magic Man, the episode's antagonist.

neg: The Last Airbender The Last Airbender is a 2010 American action fantasy adventure film written, co-produced, and directed by M. Night Shyamalan. It is based on of the Nickelodeon animated series

neg: The Nut Job The Nut Job is a 2014 3D computer-animated heist-comedy film directed by Peter Lepeniotis, who also wrote the film with Lorne Cameron. It stars the voices of Will Arnett, Brendan Fraser, Gabriel Iglesias, Jeff Dunham, Liam Neeson and Katherine Heigl. Stephen Lang, Maya Rudolph and Sarah Gadon also star in supporting roles. The film is based on Lepeniotis' 2005 short animated film "Surly Squirrel". Produced by Gulfstream Pictures, Redrover International and ToonBox Entertainment, it was released in the United States on January 17, 2014, by Open Road Films. With a budget of $42.8 million, it is the most expensive animated film co-produced in South Korea. The film grossed $64.3 million in North America, for a worldwide total of $120.8 million.

neg: Justice League Dark (film) Justice League Dark is a 2017 American animated superhero film produced by Warner Bros. Animation and distributed by Warner Home Video. Featuring the DC Comics team of the same name created by Peter Milligan and Mikel Janin, the film is the twenty-seventh in the DC Universe Animated Original Movies series. It was released on Digital HD on January 24, 2017, and on DVD on February 7, 2017.

neg: Tangled (franchise) Tangled is a Disney media franchise started by the 2010 American animated feature "Tangled", which was directed by Nathan Greno and Byron Howard from a screenplay by Dan Fogelman and produced by Roy Conli, with songs by Alan Menken and Glenn Slater. Walt Disney Animation Studios' chief creative officer John Lasseter served as the film's executive producer. The original film was inspired by the German fairy tale "Rapunzel" in the collection of folk tales published by the Brothers Grimm.

neg: Gnomeo & Juliet Gnomeo & Juliet is a 2011 British-American 3D computer-animated fantasy romantic comedy family film loosely based on William Shakespeare's play "Romeo and Juliet". Financed by Disney and released through its Touchstone Pictures banner, the film was independently produced by Rocket Pictures and animated by Starz Animation. It was written and directed by Kelly Asbury, and the two title characters are voiced by James McAvoy and Emily Blunt.

neg: Ice Age: Continental Drift Ice Age: Continental Drift is a 2012 American 3D computer-animated comedy adventure film produced by Blue Sky Studios. It was written by Jason Fuchs and Michael Berg, and directed by Steve Martino and Michael Thurmeier—the first film in the series not to be directed by Carlos Saldanha.

neg: The Amazing Spider-Man 2 The Amazing Spider-Man 2 (also released as The Amazing Spider-Man 2: Rise of Electro in some markets) is a 2014 American superhero film featuring the Marvel Comics character Spider-Man. The film was directed by Marc Webb and was produced by Avi Arad and Matt Tolmach. It is the fifth theatrical "Spider-Man" film produced by Columbia Pictures and Marvel Entertainment, and is the sequel to 2012's "The Amazing Spider-Man", it is also the final film in "The Amazing Spider-Man" franchise. The studio hired James Vanderbilt to write the screenplay and Alex Kurtzman and Roberto Orci to rewrite it. The film stars Andrew Garfield as Peter Parker / Spider-Man, Emma Stone as Gwen Stacy, Dane DeHaan as Green Goblin / Harry Osborn, Campbell Scott and Embeth Davidtz as Peter's parents, and Sally Field as Aunt May, with the addition of a new cast including Paul Giamatti as Rhino / Aleksei Sytsevich and Jamie Foxx as Electro / Max Dillon.

neg: Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa is a 2008 American computer-animated comedy film produced by DreamWorks Animation. As the sequel to the 2005 film "Madagascar", it continues the adventures of Alex the lion, Marty the zebra, Melman the giraffe, and Gloria the hippopotamus. It was directed by Eric Darnell and Tom McGrath, with a screenplay written by Etan Cohen, Darnell, and McGrath. The voice actors Ben Stiller, Chris Rock, David Schwimmer, Jada Pinkett Smith, Sacha Baron Cohen, Cedric the Entertainer, and Andy Richter return for the sequel, joined by Bernie Mac, Alec Baldwin, Sherri Shepherd, Elisa Gabrielli, and will.i.am.

neg: Sam Liu Sam Liu is a Chinese American animation director, storyboard artist and character designer. He is best known for directing animated superhero films at both Marvel Entertainment and Warner Bros. Animation.

neg: Asterix: The Mansions of the Gods Asterix: The Mansions of the Gods (French: Astérix – Le Domaine des Dieux ), also titled Asterix and Obelix: Mansion of the Gods, is a 2014 French-Belgian 3D computer-animated adventure family comedy film written and directed by Alexandre Astier. It is based on the comic book "Asterix: The Mansions of the Gods", which was the seventeenth book in the comic book series "Asterix" by Goscinny and Uderzo. The film features the voices of Roger Carel, Guillaume Briat, Lionnel Astier, Serge Papagalli, and Florence Foresti. The film sticks to the book's plot very closely while also expanding on it. It was the first Asterix film animated in 3D.

neg: The Seventh Dwarf The Seventh Dwarf (German: "Der 7bte Zwerg" ), is a German 3D computer-animated film, created in 2014. The movie is based upon the fairy tale Sleeping Beauty and characters from Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. It is a sequel to the films "7 Dwarves – Men Alone in the Wood" (2004) and "7 Dwarves: The Forest Is Not Enough" (2006).

neg: Toby Chu Toby Chu (Washington, D.C., 1977) is an American film composer. Over the last 20 years, he has composed music for over 50 films and television programs. His works include "," "" for Sony Pictures Animation, Warner Bros.’ dramatic thriller "Unforgettable", and New Line Cinema’s period thriller "The Wolves at the Door". He is also scoring the Freeform original series "Beyond (2017 TV series)".

neg: Frozen (franchise) Frozen is a Disney media franchise started by the 2013 American animated feature film, "Frozen", which was directed by Chris Buck and Jennifer Lee from a screenplay by Lee and produced by Peter Del Vecho, with songs by Robert Lopez and Kristen Anderson-Lopez. Walt Disney Animation Studios' chief creative officer John Lasseter served as the film's executive producer. The original film was inspired by the Hans Christian Andersen's fairy tale, "The Snow Queen".

neg: Toy Story of Terror! Toy Story of Terror! is a 21-minute Halloween television special, based on the Disney Pixar "Toy Story" movies. It is set shortly after the events of "Toy Story 3" and "Toy Story Toons", and premiered on the American television network ABC on Wednesday, October 16, 2013. It was written and directed by Angus MacLane, produced by Galyn Susman, with Tom Hanks, Tim Allen, Joan Cusack, Don Rickles, Wallace Shawn, Timothy Dalton, and Kristen Schaal reprising their roles of Woody, Buzz Lightyear, Jessie, Mr. Potato Head, Rex, Mr. Pricklepants, and Trixie with Carl Weathers as Combat Carl and Stephen Tobolowsky as the motel manager. Michael Giacchino composed the music for the special. The film's soundtrack was released on October 15, 2013, on Amazon.com and iTunes in digital format.

neg: Despicable Me 3 Despicable Me 3 (stylized in marketing and onscreen as Despicable M3) is a 2017 American 3D computer-animated comedy film produced by Illumination Entertainment for Universal Pictures. It is the third main installment in the "Despicable Me" film series and the sequel to "Despicable Me 2" (2013). The film is directed by Pierre Coffin and Kyle Balda, co-directed by Eric Guillon and written by Cinco Paul and Ken Daurio.

neg: Jeff Fowler Jeffrey "Jeff“ Fowler (born September 7, 1973) is an American filmmaker and visual effects artist. He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film as writer and director of the short animated film "Gopher Broke" (2004). He will make his theatrical directorial debut with the upcoming "Sonic the Hedgehog" movie due in 2019.


query: What is does Groundation and Jamaica have in common?

pos: Groundation Groundation is an American roots reggae band with jazz and dub influences, from Sonoma County in Northern California. It is named for Rastafarian ceremony of Grounation.

pos: Rastafari Rastafari, sometimes termed Rastafarianism, is an Abrahamic religion. Classified as a new religious movement, it developed in Jamaica during the 1930s. It lacks any centralised authority and there is much heterogeneity among practitioners, who are known as Rastafari, Rastafarians, or Rastas.

neg: Rio Nuevo (Jamaica) The Rio Nuevo is a river in Jamaica. It runs through the parish of Saint Mary, meeting the Caribbean Sea in the Rio Nuevo Bay, on the north Jamaican coast. In 1658, it was the site of the Battle of Rio Nuevo between Spanish and English forces, the largest battle to have been fought on Jamaican soil.

neg: International AirLink International AirLink is an Air Charter airline based in Jamaica. The airline is located at the Sir Donald Sangster International Airport (MBJ), Montego Bay. The airline offers charter and scheduled services within Jamaica.

neg: Human rights in Jamaica Human rights in Jamaica is an ongoing process of development that has to consider the realities of high poverty levels, high violence, fluctuating economic conditions, and poor representation for citizens. Jamaica is a constitutional parliamentary democracy. The context of Jamaica’s history must be considered to understand the political factors that help shape its government and economy.

neg: Montego River The Montego River is a river of Jamaica.

neg: Jamaica Committee The Jamaica Committee was a group set up in Great Britain in 1865, which called for Edward Eyre, Governor of Jamaica, to be tried for his excesses in suppressing the Morant Bay rebellion of 1865. More radical members of the Committee wanted him tried for the murder of British subjects (Jamaica was at that time a Crown Colony), under the rule of law. The Committee included English liberals, such as John Bright, John Stuart Mill, Charles Darwin, Thomas Henry Huxley, Thomas Hughes, Herbert Spencer and A. V. Dicey, the last of whom would eventually become known for his scholarship on the Conflict of Laws.

neg: Jamaica at the 2016 Summer Paralympics Jamaica competed at the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 7 September to 18 September 2016.

neg: Prison Oval Prison Oval is a multi-use stadium in Spanish Town, Jamaica, currently used mostly for football matches. It serves as the home ground of Rivoli United FC. The stadium holds 2,000 people.

neg: Reggae Film Festival The Jamaica International Reggae Film Festival is a unique annual event which takes place each year in Kingston, Jamaica, first held in 2008 and held each year since then.

neg: Williamsfield, Jamaica Williamsfield is a settlement in Manchester Parish Jamaica.

neg: List of Seventh-Day Adventist churches in Jamaica The following is a list of Seventh-day Adventist churches in Jamaica. These churches are governed by the Jamaica Union Conference whose president is Pastor Everett Brown. Up to 31 December 2010, Jamaica, along with the Bahamas, Cayman Islands and the Turks & Caicos Islands, belonged to the West Indies Union. However, the churches in Jamaica were reorganized into the Jamaica Union conference while the other three islands formed the Atlantic Caribbean Union Mission.

neg: Trenchtown Trench Town (also Trenchtown) is a neighborhood located in the parish of St. Andrew which shares municipality with Kingston, the capital and largest city of Jamaica. In the 1960s Trench Town was known as the Hollywood of Jamaica. Today Trench Town is the location of the Trench Town Culture Yard Museum, a National Heritage Site presenting the unique history and contribution of Trench Town to Jamaica. Trench Town is the birthplace of rocksteady and reggae music, as well as the home of reggae and Rastafari ambassador Bob Marley. The neighborhood gets its name from its previous designation as Trench Pen, 400 acres of land once used for livestock by Daniel Power Trench, an Irish immigrant of the 18th century (descendants of the Earls of Clancarty). The Trench family abandoned the land in the late 19th century. It is a common misconception that the name comes from the large open storm-water drain that runs through the neighbourhood in the middle of Collie Smith Drive. Trench Town is home to the communities of Wilton Gardens [Rema], Federal Gardens, Arnette Gardens [Jungle], Havana, Buckers and others. Trench Town today is also the home of two of Jamaica's top Premier League football club teams, Arnette Gardens and Boys' Town.

neg: Jamaica Tallawahs The Jamaica Tallawahs are the representative team of Jamaica in the Caribbean Premier League of cricket. It was one of the six teams created in 2013 for the inaugural season of the tournament. The Jamaica Tallawahs play their home games at Sabina Park in Kingston, Jamaica.

neg: HMS Jamaica (44) HMS "Jamaica", a Crown Colony-class cruiser of the Royal Navy, was named after the island of Jamaica, which was a British possession when she was built in the late 1930s. The light cruiser spent almost her entire wartime career on Arctic convoy duties, except for a deployment south for the landings in North Africa in November 1942. She participated in the Battle of the Barents Sea in 1942 and the Battle of North Cape in 1943. "Jamaica" escorted several aircraft carriers in 1944 as they flew off airstrikes that attacked the  in northern Norway. Late in the year she had an extensive refit to prepare her for service with the British Pacific Fleet, but the war ended before she reached the Pacific.

neg: Rail transport in Jamaica The Railways of Jamaica, constructed from 1845, were the first railway lines opened to traffic outside Europe and North America, and the second British Colony after Canada's Champlain and St. Lawrence Railroad of 1836 to receive a railway system. Construction started only twenty years after George Stephenson's Stockton and Darlington Railway commenced operations in the United Kingdom.

neg: Scouting and Guiding in Jamaica The Scout and Guide movement in Jamaica is served by

neg: Vernam Field Vernam Field (locally spelled Vernamfield) is a former World War II United States Army Air Forces airfield located in Clarendon Parish, 34.3 mi west-southwest of Kingston, Jamaica. The airfield was renamed Vernam Air Force Base by the newly formed United States Air Force in 1948, but was closed in 1949.

neg: Miss Jamaica Global Miss Jamaica Global is a Jamaican beauty pageant for young women in the island, that share the same view as its Motto Uniting the World through beauty and tourism.

neg: Westmoreland Parish Westmoreland is the westernmost parish in Jamaica, located on the south side of the island. It is situated to the south of Hanover, the southwest of Saint James, and the northwest of Saint Elizabeth, in the county of Cornwall. The chief town and capital is Savanna-la-Mar. Negril, a famous tourist destination, is also situated in the parish.

neg: Campion College, Jamaica Campion College, is a co-educational Jesuit high school in Kingston, Jamaica. The institution celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2010. The school is one of the top 3 choices for GSAT exams and is widely considered to be a prominent educational facility due to its 1st place in academics for the Caribbean Secondary Education Certificate (CSEC) in 2013.

neg: Kingston Harbour Kingston Harbour in Jamaica is the seventh-largest natural harbour in the world. It is an almost landlocked area of water approximately 16 km long by 3.2 km wide. Most of it is deep enough to accommodate large ships, even close to shore. It is bordered to the north by the city of Kingston, the capital of Jamaica; to the west by Hunts Bay and the municipality of Portmore; and to the south and east by the Palisadoes spit, which protects it.


query: Are Santorini and Cosmic Encounter both board games?

pos: Santorini (game) Santorini is an abstract strategy board game for 2-4 players designed and released in 2004 by Gordon Hamilton and republished via Kickstarter in 2016 by Roxley Games. Inspired by the architecture of cliffside villages on Santorini Island in Greece, and primarily designed for two players, the game is played on a grid where each turn players build a town by placing building pieces up to three levels high. To win the game, players must move one of their two characters to the third level of the town.

pos: Cosmic Encounter Cosmic Encounter is a science fiction–themed strategy board game designed by "Future Pastimes" (collectively, Peter Olotka, Jack Kittredge and Bill Eberle, with Bill Norton) and originally published by Eon Games in 1977. In it, each player takes the role of a particular alien species, each with a unique power to break one of the rules of the game, trying to establish control over the universe. In 1992, a new edition of "Cosmic Encounter" won the Origins Award for "Best Fantasy or Science Fiction Boardgame of 1991" and placed 6th in the Deutscher Spiele Preis. The game was inducted into the Academy of Adventure Gaming Arts & Design "Adventure Gaming Hall of Fame" in 1997.

neg: Starships & Spacemen Starships & Spacemen is a role-playing game published by Fantasy Games Unlimited in 1978.

neg: Incunabula (video game) Incunabula is a 1984 computer game by Avalon Hill. It was designed by Steve Estvanik. It is the original computerized version of Avalon Hill's "Civilization" board game. It was eclipsed by Sid Meier's much more successful "Civilization", and its following series, released in 1991.

neg: Stellaris (video game) Stellaris is a 4X grand strategy video game developed and published by Paradox Interactive. "Stellaris"' s gameplay revolves around space exploration, managing an empire, and diplomacy and warfare with other spacefaring civilizations. It was released worldwide for Microsoft Windows, OS X, and Linux on May 9, 2016.

neg: Cathedral (board game) Cathedral is a two-player abstract strategy board game in which two factions ("dark" and "light") vie for territorial supremacy within the bounds of a medieval city. The game is produced by Chrisbo I.P. Holdings Limited in New Zealand.

neg: Cosmic Race (video game) Cosmic Race is a racing game developed for the PlayStation 1 by the now defunct Japanese company Neorex. The game was released in 1995. Cosmic Race is the only game produced by Neorex.

neg: Zodarion santorini Zodarion santorini is a spider species found in Greece.

neg: Falklands '82 Falklands '82 (released as Malvinas '82 in Spanish markets) is a 1986 turn-based strategy video game developed and published by Personal Software Services for the ZX Spectrum and Commodore 64. It is the fifth instalment of the "Strategic Wargames" series. The game is set during the 1982 Falklands War and revolves around the Argentine occupation and subsequent British re-capture of the Falkland Islands. The player controls the British Task Force as they must either defeat all Argentine forces on the archipelago or re-capture every settlement.

neg: TAMSK TAMSK is the second board game in the "GIPF" Project of six abstract strategy games, and was published in 1998. Players move sand hourglass timers and drop plastic rings around spaces on a hexagonal board in an attempt to limit their opponent's moves. Each player starts the game with 32 rings, and the player with the fewest remaining rings at the end of the game is the winner. The game is unique among the "GIPF" Project games in having time as a central game component, and the manner in which time is used is possibly unique among board games in general.

neg: Dario De Toffoli Dario De Toffoli is an Italian board game designer, gamebook author, and elite games player who founded the games company Studiogiochi and established many games events. Born in 1953 Venice, after an early career as a chemist he entered the world of games. Winner of over 60 medals at the Mind Sports Olympiad. He won the 2002 and 2012 Pentamind Competition for the best games all-rounder in the world. In 2006, he won a special award for his contribution to games which includes contribution to all aspects of games.

neg: Game Research/Design Game Research/Design (GR/D) was a board wargame publisher, principally concerned with the "Europa" series of European World War II wargames. GR/D was formed in 1985 by John Astell, one of the "Europa" designers, and Winston Hamilton, another World War II wargame designer. The company published several Europa expansions, as well as a magazine dedicated to the series, and in 1989 GR/D acquired the rights to the series. They published collectors' editions of the "Europa" games, as well as beginning two more series focusing on the Pacific War and World War I.

neg: Chitin: I Chitin: I is a 1977 board wargame published by Metagaming Concepts.

neg: Oia, Greece Oia or Ia (Greek: Οία, pronounced ] ) is a small village and former community in the South Aegean on the islands of Thira (Santorini) and Therasia, in the Cyclades, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it has been part of the municipality of Santorini, of which it is a municipal unit. It covers the whole island of Therasia and the northwesternmost part of Santorini, which it shares with the municipal unit of Santorini. The main street is named Nikolaou Nomikou. The population was 1,545 inhabitants at the 2011 census, and the land area is 19.449 km.

neg: Space Crusade Space Crusade is an adventure board game produced by Milton Bradley together with Games Workshop and was first made in 1990. While produced in the UK and available in some other countries including Finland, Ireland, France, Spain, Denmark, Australia and New Zealand, it was never sold in North America. In Germany, Italy, Belgium and the Netherlands, it is known as Star Quest.

neg: Contact Sam Cruise Contact Sam Cruise is a computer game created by David Reidy with graphics by Keith Warrington for the ZX Spectrum and released by Microsphere in 1986. Using a similar engine to "Skool Daze", this game charted the exploits of a player-controlled private detective called Sam Cruise.

neg: Cosmic Express Cosmic Express is a puzzle video game created by Alan Hazelden, Benjamin Davis and Tyu. The game was released in 2017 for personal computers and mobile devices.

neg: Space Cavern Space Cavern is a 1982 shooter video game for the Atari 2600 developed and released by Games by Apollo. Players control a spaceship commander who has landed on a planet and must defend the ship against its hostile creatures. Games by Apollo founder Pat Roper was impressed by the game "Demon Attack" and tasked Apollo member Dan Oliver with making a game very similar to it. The game was later rereleased as "Space Canyon".

neg: Ancient Thera Ancient Thera (Greek: Αρχαία Θήρα ) is an antique city on a ridge of the steep, 360 m high Messavouno mountain on the Greek island of Santorini. It was named after the mythical ruler of the island, Theras, and was inhabited from the 9th century BCE until 726 CE. Starting in 1895 the city was systematically investigated by Friedrich Hiller von Gaertringen, who excavated there until 1904. Later excavations by N. Zapheiropoulos between 1961 and 1982 under the auspices of the Archaeological Society of Athens unearthed the city's necropolis in Sellada. Findings from these excavations are on exhibit at the archaeological museum in Fira. Excavation work was again taken up between 1990 and 1994 under the leadership of Wolfram Hoepfner of the Free University of Berlin and resulted in a more precise understanding of the history of the southern Aegean.

neg: Strange Adventures in Infinite Space Strange Adventures In Infinite Space (SAIS) is a roguelike computer game set in space. SAIS was created by the independent game development group Digital Eel and released for Windows and Mac on March 15, 2002 by boardgame developer/publisher, Cheapass Games. It was later released for Pocket PC and Palm by British developer/publisher, Astraware.

neg: Solarquest SolarQuest is a space-age real estate trading board game published in 1985 and developed by Valen Brost, after his having conceived the idea in 1976. The game is patterned after "Monopoly" but replaces pewter tokens with rocketships and hotels with metallic fuel stations. Players travel around the sun acquiring planet, moon, and man-made space structure monopolies while fending off attacks. They seek to knock their opponents out of the game through bankruptcy, as well as optional laser blasts and dwindling fuel supplies (when using the Advanced Play ruleset).

neg: Super Casino 2 Super Casino 2 (スーパーカジノ2 , "Super Casino 2") is a Super Nintendo Entertainment System video game that takes a player to an exclusive black tie casino known as the "Casino Coconuts".


query: When was the battalion that deployed to the European Theatrer, landing at Omaha Beach able to establish a beachhead as part of Operation Overlord after a successful "D-Day,"?

pos: 12th Engineer Battalion (United States) The 12th Engineer Battalion was activated 1 July 1940, at Ft. Jackson, South Carolina as an organic element of the 8th Infantry Division In July 1944 the battalion deployed to the European Theatre, landing at Omaha Beach in support of the greatest landing operation in history. Subsequently the Battalion participated in campaigns in Normandy, Northern France, Rhineland, and Central Europe, and Luxembourg

pos: Invasion of Normandy The Western Allies of World War II launched the largest amphibious invasion in history when they assaulted Normandy, located on the northern coast of France, on 6 June 1944. The invaders were able to establish a beachhead as part of Operation Overlord after a successful "D-Day," the first day of the invasion.

neg: Tank destroyer battalion (United States) The tank destroyer battalion was a type of unit used by the United States Army during World War II. The unit was organized in one of two different forms—a towed battalion equipped with anti-tank guns, or a self-propelled battalion equipped with Self-propelled guns. The tank destroyers were formed in response to the German use of massed formations of armored units early in WW2. The tank destroyer concept envisioned the battalions acting as independent units that would respond at high speed to enemy tank attacks. In this role they would be attached to divisions or corps. In practice, they were usually attached to infantry divisions. Over one hundred battalions were formed, of which more than half saw combat service. The force was disbanded shortly after the end of the war when the concept had been shown to be unsound.

neg: 30th Battalion (New Zealand) The 30th Battalion was an infantry battalion of the New Zealand 3rd Division, raised for service during the Second World War. After being raised in late 1940, the battalion undertook garrison duties in Fiji and on New Caledonia during the early part of the war, before undertaking combat operations during the latter part of the Solomon Islands campaign, landing on Vella Lavella and the Green Islands in 1943–1944. The battalion was disbanded in mid-1944 to return manpower to the New Zealand economy and to provide reinforcements to the New Zealand 2nd Division, which was fighting in Italy.

neg: 818th Tank Destroyer Battalion The 818th Tank Destroyer Battalion was a tank destroyer battalion of the United States Army active during World War II. It first saw combat in July 1944, when it deployed into the Normandy beachhead in preparation for the breakout into France by Lieutenant General George Patton's Third Army. Working closely with the 5th Infantry Division, it moved through northern France up to the Moselle region, where it was involved in the Battle for Metz through September, October and November. In December, it disengaged from defensive positions along the German border and was moved north to fight in the Battle of the Bulge with the 26th Infantry Division. After securing the Allied flanks and mopping up the Bulge, it refitted for two months before fighting south along the Siegfried Line and crossing the Rhine in March. In April and early May, it rushed through southern Germany into Austria and Czechoslovakia, where it ended the war. After a brief spell of occupation duties, it was returned to the United States and disbanded in November. During the European campaign, the battalion lost a total twenty-six men and eight tank destroyers in combat.

neg: 2nd Battalion, 6th Marines 2nd Battalion, 6th Marines (2/6) is an infantry battalion in the United States Marine Corps based out of Camp Lejeune, North Carolina. Also known as "The Ready Battalion" or "2/6 Spartans", it consists of approximately 800 Marines and Sailors and falls under the command of the 6th Marine Regiment and the 2nd Marine Division.

neg: Operation Ironside Operation Ironside was a Second World War military deception undertaken by the Allies in 1944. It formed part of Operation Bodyguard, a broad strategic deception plan instigated by the Allies throughout the year to help cover the June 1944 invasion of Normandy. Ironside supported the overall deception by suggesting to the Germans that the Allies would subsequently land along the Bay of Biscay. It complemented efforts to deceive the Germans into believing that the Allies would also land in southern France at this time (Operation Vendetta). Bordeaux was an important port for the German war effort and had already been a target of commando raids two years earlier. Ironside intended to play on German fears of an invasion in the region, with the aim of tying down defensive forces following Operation Overlord in June 1944.

neg: 1st Canadian Parachute Battalion The 1st Canadian Parachute Battalion was an airborne infantry battalion of the Canadian Army formed in July 1942 during the Second World War; it served in , Landing in Normandy during Operation Tonga, in conjunction with the D-Day landings of 6 June 1944 and in the airborne assault crossing of the River Rhine, Operation Varsity, in March 1945. After the end of hostilities in Europe, the battalion was returned to Canada where it was disbanded on 30 September 1945.

neg: 745th Tank Battalion The 745th Tank Battalion was an independent tank battalion that participated in the European Theater of Operations (ETO) with the United States Army in World War II. It was one of five tank battalions (all independent) that landed in Normandy on D-Day (6 June 1944). The battalion participated in combat operations throughout northern Europe until V-E Day. Unlike many independent tank battalions, which were attached to different units over time, the 745th was attached to the 1st Infantry Division for the duration of its combat operations in the ETO. It was inactivated in October 1945.

neg: Juno Beach Centre The Juno Beach Centre or, in French, Centre Juno Beach, is a museum located in Courseulles-sur-Mer in the Calvados region of Normandy, France. It is situated immediately behind the beach codenamed Juno, the section of the Allied beachhead on which 14,000 Canadian troops landed on D-Day 6 June 1944.

neg: Normandy landings The Normandy landings (codenamed Operation Neptune) were the landing operations on Tuesday, 6 June 1944 (termed D-Day) of the Allied invasion of Normandy in Operation Overlord during World War II. The largest seaborne invasion in history, the operation began the liberation of German-occupied northwestern Europe from Nazi control, and contributed to the Allied victory on the Western Front.

neg: American airborne landings in Normandy The American airborne landings in Normandy were the first American combat operations during Operation Overlord, the invasion of Normandy by the Western Allies on June 6, 1944, during World War II. Around 13,100 American paratroopers of the 82nd and 101st Airborne Divisions made night parachute drops early on D-Day, June 6, followed by 3,937 glider troops flown in by day. As the opening maneuver of Operation Neptune (the assault operation for Overlord) the two American airborne divisions were delivered to the continent in two parachute and six glider missions.

neg: Panzer division The term "panzer division" (German: "Panzerdivision" ) as commonly used in English language refers almost exclusively to the armored (tank) division in the army branch of the Wehrmacht and of Nazi Germany during World War II. The panzer divisions were the key element of German success in the Blitzkrieg operations of the early years of the war. Later the Waffen-SS formed panzer divisions, and even the Luftwaffe fielded a panzer division, the Herman Goring Division. The term "Panzerdivision" is still used in today's Army of the Bundeswehr (for example 1. Panzerdivision). In German speaking countries the term is not immediately associated with the Wehrmacht as it is in English speaking nations, as the word simply means 'armored division' and has no additional connotation.

neg: Battalion A battalion is a military unit. The use of the term "battalion" varies by nationality and branch of service. Typically a battalion consists of 300 to 800 soldiers and is divided into a number of companies. A battalion is typically commanded by a lieutenant colonel. In some countries the word "battalion" is associated with the infantry.

neg: Horsa Bridge Horsa Bridge, also known as Ranville bridge, over the Orne River, was, with Pegasus Bridge, captured during Operation Deadstick by gliderborne troops of the 2nd Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry (the 52nd) in a coup de main operation in the opening minutes of D Day, 6 June 1944. The seizing of both bridges was considered to be critical to securing the eastern flank of the Normandy landings area: preventing German armour from reaching the British 3rd Infantry Division which was due to start landing on Sword at 07.25hrs. Horsa Bridge, a road bridge, was over 400 yards east of Pegasus Bridge towards the village of Ranville.

neg: 2/17th Battalion (Australia) The 2/17th Battalion was an infantry battalion of the Australian Army. Raised in April 1940 in New South Wales, it formed part of the 20th Brigade, and was eventually allocated to the 9th Division. After completing basic training in Australia, the unit was deployed to the Middle East. In early 1941, it took part in the fighting at Tobruk, defending the port until relieved. A period of garrison duties followed in Syria and Lebanon before the battalion took part in the First and Second Battles of El Alamein in mid-1942. As the focus of the Australian Army's operations shifted to the Pacific theatre to fight the Japanese, the 2/17th Battalion returned to Australia early in 1943.

neg: 508th Heavy Panzer Battalion The 508th Heavy Panzer Battalion (German: " schwere-Panzer-Abteilung 508" ), was a heavy tank battalion of the German Army during World War II, equipped with Tiger I heavy tanks. It fought at Anzio and later defended German-held Northern Italy opposing the Allies during the Italian Campaign. It fought in Italy until it surrendered at the end of the war in May 1945.

neg: 376th Parachute Field Artillery Battalion The 376th Parachute Field Artillery Battalion (376th PFAB) (later redesignated the 376th Airborne Field Artillery Battalion) is an inactive airborne field artillery battalion of the United States Army. Active with the 82nd Airborne Division from 1942–1957, the 376th PFAB saw action during World War II in Sicily, Italy, the Netherlands, the Battle of the Bulge, and Germany, often serving in support of the 504th Parachute Infantry Regimental Combat Team.

neg: 1st New Guinea Infantry Battalion The 1st New Guinea Infantry Battalion (1 NGIB) was a battalion of the Australian Army during World War II. One of four infantry battalions raised in New Guinea, 1 NGIB was formed in March 1944. It later became part of the Pacific Islands Regiment before being disbanded in June 1946.

neg: Seventh United States Army The Seventh Army was a United States army created during World War II that evolved into the United States Army Europe (USAREUR) during the 1950s and 1960s. It served in North Africa and Italy in the Mediterranean Theater of Operations and France and Germany in the European theater between 1942 and 1945.

neg: 2/4th Pioneer Battalion (Australia) The 2/4th Pioneer Battalion was a unit of the Australian Army raised for service during the Second World War. A pioneer unit, the battalion undertook both infantry and engineer tasks. Despite being raised early in the war, the battalion did not see action until the final months, taking part in the Borneo campaign where, as part of the 1st Beach Group, it fought against the Japanese in support of the 9th Division. It was disbanded in early 1946 following the end of hostilities.

neg: 55th/53rd Battalion (Australia) The 55th/53rd Battalion was an infantry battalion of the Australian Army which saw active service during World War II. First formed in 1919 during the demobilisation of the Australian Imperial Force, the battalion was an amalgamation of two other units, the 55th and 53rd Battalions. It was disbanded shortly afterwards and remained off the order of battle until 1937 when it was raised as a part-time unit of the Militia, based in Sydney, New South Wales. In 1941, with the expansion of the Australian Army in response to the growing threat of war in the Pacific, the battalion was split and the 55th and 53rd Battalions reformed separately. In late 1942, however, they were amalgamated once more and together went on to participate in the fighting against the Japanese in New Guinea and on Bougainville.


query: What year was "The Quest of the Magi"  awarded a double silver certification from the Independent Music Companies Association?

pos: Joy to the World (Pink Martini album) Joy to the World is the fifth studio album from the band Pink Martini. It was released on November 16, 2010 under the band's own label, Heinz Records. The album was recorded and mixed at Kung Fu Bakery in Portland, Oregon from May 2008 to May–August 2010. Their rendition of "We Three Kings" was released as a Starbucks free download. In 2014 it was awarded a double silver certification from the Independent Music Companies Association, which indicated sales of at least 40,000 copies throughout Europe.

pos: We Three Kings "We Three Kings", also known as "We Three Kings of Orient Are" or "The Quest of the Magi", is a Christmas carol that was written by John Henry Hopkins, Jr. in 1857. At the time of composing the carol, Hopkins served as the rector of Christ Episcopal Church in Williamsport, Pennsylvania, and he wrote the carol for a Christmas pageant in New York City. Many versions of this song have been composed and it remains a popular Christmas carol.

neg: Powderfinger discography The discography of Powderfinger, an Australian alternative rock group, consists of seven studio albums, thirty-one singles, five extended plays, three live albums, four compilation albums, one video album and twenty-nine music videos. They have been nominated for forty-nine ARIA Music Awards, of which they have won eighteen. Shortly after the independent release of their debut self-titled EP in 1993, Powderfinger signed on to a major record label to release their second EP, "Transfusion". In 1994 they issued their debut album "Parables for Wooden Ears", which did not reach the ARIA Albums Chart. After performances at music festivals, touring and supporting international artists, Powderfinger released their second studio album, "Double Allergic" (1996), which became their charting breakthrough by peaking at No. 4. Following public recognition from the album's high-selling singles, Powderfinger went on to release "Internationalist" in 1998, which was their first number-one album; it was certified five times platinum by ARIA for shipment of 350,000 copies.

neg: AFRT Music AFRT MUSIC, (A Fearless Resilient Team) is an independent record label established by identical twins, Grammy Award winning producers, Glaurys Ariass and Helsa Ariass in 2000. The company is associated with Ariass Fortune,Inc. a corporation with book publishing and music divisions. The company is a member of the RIAA and the home of artist Eartha. AFRT releases music of various music genres, including Dance, R&B, Soul, Alternative, Rock, Gospel and Inspirational music, and believes in the state of independence, upon which artists create with complete freedom of expression. Among their releases are This I Know (2000), Love Jones Maxi Single (2001), Sidebars (2003), and Ink Dry Blue (2010). In 2001, upon release of the single, "Love Jones" landed on the Billboard Hot Dance Breakouts Maxi Singles chart at #2 position, AFRT received notoriety and acclaim when it got two Grammy nominations for the release of Sidebars by Eartha in 2003. The CD garnered nominations for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance and Best Contemporary Soul Gospel Album. The release won a Grammy for Best Contemporary Gospel. The company continues to support the musical creativity of independent artists.

neg: Australian Recording Industry Association The Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) is a trade group representing the Australian recording industry which was established in 1983 by six major record companies, EMI, Festival, CBS, RCA, WEA and Universal replacing the Association of Australian Record Manufacturers (AARM) which was formed in 1956. It oversees the collection, administration and distribution of music licenses and royalties.

neg: Recording Industry Association of America certification Recording Industry Association of America certification

neg: Hit & Run Music Publishing Hit & Run Music Publishing in the United Kingdom founded in 1977 by Tony Smith and Jon Crawley. Hit & Run's clients include Phil Collins, Genesis, Brand X, Mike & the Mechanics and Kula Shaker, among others. The company owned publishing rights to such songs as the 1991 Grammy Award winning "Record of the Year", "Another Day in Paradise", "In the Air Tonight", "I Can't Dance" and "Invisible Touch". EMI bought a majority stake in the company in 1999 for the US$19 million. Smith remains the chairman of the company. The company has since expanded to include film production as Hit and Run Productions. One of the subsidiary names used by Hit & Run was Hidden Pun, which is used on some records by former Genesis members, including Peter Gabriel.

neg: Merchants and Thieves Merchants and Thieves is the third studio album release by Scottish pop singer Sandi Thom, released on 17 May 2010. The album was released through Thom's own record label 'Guardian Angels' after being dropped by her former label Sony BMG.

neg: Songs for You, Truths for Me Songs for You, Truths for Me is the second album by English singer, songwriter and guitarist James Morrison, released on 26 September 2008. The album was a commercial success in the UK where it entered the album charts at number three and in Ireland where it topped the charts. It has been certified double Platinum by the BPI with over 700,000 sales and has sold more than 1 million of copies worldwide.

neg: Quest for Fame Quest for Fame is a music video game developed by Virtual Music Entertainment and distributed by IBM. They were eventually acquired by Namco (who then made the arcade version in 1999) to create karaoke machines.

neg: Time to Pretend "Time to Pretend" is a song by the American indie band MGMT, released as the lead single from their debut studio album "Oracular Spectacular" (2007) on March 3, 2008. An earlier version had been released on their "Time to Pretend" EP. The single was released as a 7" and CD single featuring the B-sides "Weekend Wars" (BBC Radio 1 Session) and "Metanoia", respectively. In early 2009, the song was re-released in the UK. The song was ranked at number 493 on "Rolling Stone"' s list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. The song was ranked at number 90 on "NME"' s list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.

neg: Medusa (Annie Lennox album) Medusa is the second solo album by the Scottish singer Annie Lennox, released in March 1995, and consists entirely of cover songs. It entered the UK Albums Chart at number 1 and peaked in the United States at number 11, spending 60 weeks on the "Billboard" 200 chart. It has since achieved double platinum status in both the United Kingdom and the United States and sold more than 6 million copies worldwide.

neg: Run-DMC Run-D.M.C. was an American hip hop group from Hollis, Queens, New York, founded in 1981 by Joseph Simmons, Darryl McDaniels, and Jason Mizell. Run-D.M.C. is widely acknowledged as one of the most influential acts in the history of hip hop culture. Run-D.M.C. is one of the most famous hip-hop acts of the 1980s who, along with LL Cool J, The Beastie Boys, and Public Enemy, signified the advent of the new school of hip-hop music. Run-D.M.C. were the first group in the genre to have a gold album ("Run–D.M.C.", 1984) and be nominated for a Grammy Award. They were the first to earn a platinum record ("King of Rock", 1985), the first to earn a multiplatinum certification ("Raising Hell", 1986), the first to have videos on MTV, and the first to appear on "American Bandstand" and the cover of "Rolling Stone". Run-D.M.C. was the only hip hop act to perform at Live Aid in 1985.

neg: Durella (musician) Oluwadamilare Okulaja, popularly known as Durella (King of the Zanga) is a Nigerian recording artist, performer, songwriter and businessman. With his notable hit singles like "Enu Ose" "Shayo" "Wizkolo Wiska" "Club Rock" and "GaGa" featuring Wizkid, Durella is no doubt a part of the Nigerian music industry. He's also featured with prominent stars like Dbanj, Femi Kuti, Duncan Mighty, Terry G, Olamide, and Dammy Krane, and has performed live with Wyclef Jean in South Africa. In 2008 Durella was awarded "MTV Base Advance Warning Artist" of the year. He also is the first Nigerian artiste to own a shoe line: Durellasneakers, named after his popular slogan "2Gbaski". Durella issued his first debut album "King Of The Zanga" under TC- Record Label, and the second album, "Reconfigurated".

neg: Magia (Maluma album) Magia (English: Magic ) is the debut studio album by Colombian singer Maluma. It was released on 7 August 2012, by Sony Music Colombia. The album was supported by six singles: "Farandulera", "Loco", "Obsesión", "Magia", "Pasarla Bien" and "Miss Independent"

neg: Irish Independent Albums Chart The Irish Independent Albums Chart (also known as Independent Artist Albums or Top 20 Indie Albums) is a chart of best-selling independent album releases in Ireland. It is issued weekly by the Irish Recorded Music Association (IRMA) and complied on its behalf by GfK's Chart-Track.

neg: Sigma Alpha Iota Sigma Alpha Iota (ΣΑΙ) is an International Music Fraternity. Formed to "uphold the highest standards of music" and "to further the development of music in America and throughout the world", it continues to provide musical and educational resources to its members and the general public. Sigma Alpha Iota operates its own national philanthropy, Sigma Alpha Iota Philanthropies, Inc. Sigma Alpha Iota is a member of the National Interfraternity Music Council and the Professional Fraternity Association.

neg: Latvian Music Producers Association The Latvian Music Producers Association (LaMPA) is a National ISRC Agency of the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry with the task of representing the Latvian music industry for both national and international recording artists of all genres. Goals of the organisation are supporting Latvian artists and producers and promote development of Latvian music industry and export of music produced in Latvia, to promote and support creation of competitive music records and increase utilization of Latvian music by educating Latvian performers and producers, to officially represent Latvian music industry in Europe and international showcases, fairs and exhibitions, and to educate members of Latvian music industry about the issues of music export and global trends. The company also certifies albums and music videos based on unit sales and compiles the country's music chart.

neg: Grammy Award for Best World Music Album The Grammy Award for Best World Music Album is an honor presented to recording artists for quality albums in the world music genre at the Grammy Awards, a ceremony that was established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards. Honors in several categories are presented at the ceremony annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States to "honor artistic achievement, technical proficiency and overall excellence in the recording industry, without regard to album sales or chart position".

neg: Universal Nation "Universal Nation" is a song by Belgian DJ/producer Mike "M.I.K.E." Dierickx under his alias Push. What began as small trance studio project in late 1997, became an international commercial success over the years. The song was first released in 1998 on the legendary Belgian trance label Bonzai Records. After receiving positive reviews, the song was signed in France, Spain and Germany. One year later, other European countries followed (UK, Italy, Norway, Sweden, The Netherlands). Due to the several individual releases, the song has three different titles: Universal Nation, Universal Nation ’99 and Universal Nation (The Real Anthem).

neg: UK Independent Singles and Albums Charts The UK Independent Singles Chart and UK Independent Albums Chart are charts of the best-selling independent singles and albums, respectively, in the United Kingdom. Originally published in 1980, the relevance of the chart dwindled in the 1990s as major-label ownership blurred the boundary between independent and major labels. Independent charts are currently published weekly by the Official Charts Company.

neg: The Anthology (A Tribe Called Quest album) The Anthology is A Tribe Called Quest's 1999 greatest hits compilation spanning their entire career. The compilation contains songs from all of their currently existing full-length catalogue, including "People's Instinctive Travels and the Paths of Rhythm", "The Low End Theory", "Midnight Marauders", "Beats, Rhymes and Life" and "The Love Movement", as well as select soundtrack releases. It also contains Q-Tip's "Vivrant Thing", which was featured on the first music compilation for through Violator Records/Def Jam Recordings. The song would also later be featured on Q-Tip's solo effort, 1999's "Amplified". Vivrant Thing is also substituted with "Mr. Incognito" for the Japan release. The album cover features Erykah Badu with fluorescent stripes of green and orange reminiscent of the traditional colors of the Kente tribe of the north Congo.


query: The company that is a merger between AngloGold and the Ashanti Goldfields Corporation is located near what city?

pos: Morro Velho Morro Velho, also called AngloGold Ashanti Brasil Mineração, after its current owner AngloGold Ashanti, is a complex of gold mines located near the city of Nova Lima in the Minas Gerais state of Brazil.

pos: AngloGold Ashanti AngloGold Ashanti Limited is a global gold mining company. It was formed in 2004 by the merger of AngloGold and the Ashanti Goldfields Corporation.

neg: Ahodwo, Kumasi Ahodwo is suburb of Kumasi. Kumasi is the regional capital of the Ashanti region of Ghana. It is a residential area in the Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly. It is about 7 kilometres westwards from centre of the regional capital.

neg: AmalBank Amalgamated Bank Limited, commonly known as AmalBank, is a commercial bank in Ghana.

neg: Dompoase Dompoase, a suburb of Kumasi, Ashanti Region, is a town of 30,000 people in Ghana. Kumasi is the capital of the region, considered the wealthiest and most powerful in the nation. It is the area of most cocoa production, as well as gold mining.

neg: Kumasi Kumasi (historically spelled Comassie or Coomassie and correctly spelled Kumase in Twi) is a city in Ashanti Region, and is among the largest metropolitan areas in Ghana. Kumasi is near Lake Bosomtwe, in a rain forest region, and is the commercial, industrial and cultural capital of Asanteman. Kumasi is approximately 300 mi north of the Equator and 100 mi north of the Gulf of Guinea. Kumasi is alternatively known as "The Garden City" because of its many beautiful species of flowers and plants. It is also called Oseikrom, (Osei Tutu's town). Kumasi is described as Ghana’s second city.

neg: Sadiola Gold Mine The Sadiola Gold Mine is an open-pit gold mine situated near Sadiola, in the Kayes Region of Mali. The operation is jointly owned by AngloGold Ashanti and Iamgold, who each have an effective holding of 41%, while the Government of Mali owns the remaining 18%. The International Finance Corporation originally held 6% of the mine put sold this share equally to Anglo and Iamgold in December 2009.

neg: Agro (company) Agro Inc. is an integrated provider of agricultural products and services linking farmers to markets. It was formed in 2006 and is headquartered on Capitol Hill in Monrovia, Liberia. This agro-industrial firm specializes in the establishment and management of industrial as well as smallholders' plantations and allied processing and down stream industries. Crops produced and processed by the company include oil palm, and natural rubber, rubberwood and cassava.

neg: Gemfields Gemfields plc is an AIM-listed multinational natural resources company headquartered in London, United Kingdom, and is one of the world's leading supplier of responsibly sourced coloured gemstones. The company specializes in the mining, processing and sale of coloured gemstones, in particular emeralds, rubies and amethysts. The group owns the "Kagem" emerald mine in Zambia, the single largest emerald mine in the world, the "Montepuez" ruby deposit in Mozambique, the most significant ruby deposit in the world, and the "Kariba" amethyst mine in Zambia. Gemfields produces around 25% of the world’s emerald supply and 70% of the world's ruby supply.

neg: East Driefontein East Driefontein is a small gold mining town approximately 20km outside Carletonville next to West Driefontein.

neg: Ejura Ejura is a town and the capital of Ejura/Sekyedumase, a district in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. Ejura has settlement population of 70,807 people. Ejura is the largest maize producing district in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. It is in the far north of the region, near the Afram River. Ejura is connected by highways with the towns of Mampong, Yeji and Techiman. Ejura is home to the Digya National Park / Kujani Game Reserve.

neg: Kusasalethu mine Kusasalethu (formerly Elandskraal, an amalgamation of Elandsrand and Deelkraal mines) is a gold mine on the West Wits Line near Carletonville, Gauteng, South Africa, and 75 km west of Johannesburg. The Deelkraal Section of the mine is situated about 5km to the west at .

neg: Dow Corning Dow Corning is an American multinational corporation headquartered in Midland, Michigan, United States. Originally established as a joint venture between the Dow Chemical Company and Corning Incorporated, it is now owned by DowDuPont and specializes in silicone and silicon-based technology, and is the largest silicone product producer in the world.

neg: Bhilai Engineering Corporation Bhilai Engineering Corporation Limited (BEC Limited) is a diversified Indian company with interests in heavy engineering, foundry, EPC Projects, fertilizers and agro-inputs, and processed foods. The company has in-house resources for design, engineering and project management services. It is headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India with manufacturing facilities in Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India.

neg: Kejetia, Kumasi, Ghana The Kumasi Central Market ("also known as" Kejetia Market) is an open-air market in the city of Kumasi the capital of Ashanti. Kumasi Central Market is in the Rain Forest Bioregion of Ashanti on the Ashantiland Peninsula. Kumasi is approximately 300 mi north of the Equator and 100 mi north of the Gulf of Guinea. Kumasi is popularly known as "The Garden City" or "heart beat" of Ashanti and the Ashantiland Peninsula because of its many beautiful species of flowers and plants.

neg: Shanta Gold Shanta Gold Limited is gold mining company, registered in Guernsey in the Channel Islands but which operates in Tanzania. The company is listed on AIM on the London Stock Exchange (symbol: LON:SHG) and had a market capitalisation of £63.5M as of 18 September 2013. The Tanzanian offices are in Dar Es Salaam. Its bankers are UBS.

neg: Mark Bristow (businessman) Dennis Mark Bristow (born 7 January 1959) is a South African businessman. He is the chief executive officer (CEO) of Randgold Resources, a British multinational gold mining company.

neg: Mehta Group The Mehta Group of Companies commonly referred to as the Mehta Group is a conglomerate based in Mumbai, India, with subsidiaries in the United States, Canada, Kenya and Uganda. The group employs in excess of 15,000 people worldwide and has an asset base in excess of US$350 million, as of April 2010. The group's businesses include investments in sugar, cement, packaging, floriculture, engineering, electrical cable, consulting, management, insurance, International Trade and International Finance.

neg: Maaden (company) MA'ADEN (Saudi Arabian Mining Co.) is a diversified mining company, active in gold base metals mining and infrastructure industry. Ma'aden was formed as a Saudi joint stock company on 23 March 1997 for the purpose of facilitating the development of Saudi Arabia’s mineral resources. It is the largest mining company in Saudi Arabia. The Saudi government still owns 50% of its shares while the remaining 50% are listed in Tadawul (Stock Market). The company is structured with corporate headquarters in Riyadh with several subsidiaries.

neg: Globe and Phoenix Mine Globe and Phoenix Mine (G&P Mine) is a gold mine in Zimbabwe. It is just outside Kwekwe CBD.

neg: Rio Tinto Group Rio Tinto is an Australian-British multinational and one of the world's largest metals and mining corporations. The company was founded in 1873, when a multinational consortium of investors purchased a mine complex on the Rio Tinto, in Huelva, Spain, from the Spanish government. Since then, the company has grown through a long series of mergers and acquisitions to place itself among the world leaders in the production of many commodities, including aluminium, iron ore, copper, uranium, coal, and diamonds. Although primarily focused on extraction of minerals, Rio Tinto also has significant operations in refining, particularly for refining bauxite and iron ore. The company has operations on six continents, but is mainly concentrated in Australia and Canada, and owns its mining operations through a complex web of wholly and partly owned subsidiaries.

neg: Hindalco Industries Hindalco Industries Ltd., an aluminium manufacturing company, is a subsidiary of the Aditya Birla Group. Its headquarters are at Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. It is the Flagship company of the company in the metals business.


query: Are Hungry Howie's Pizza and Marco's Pizza both based in Ohio?

pos: Hungry Howie's Pizza Hungry Howie's Pizza & Subs, Inc., also known as Hungry Howie's Pizza, is a franchise and the 11th largest pizza chain in the United States, with over 550 locations. Hungry Howie's products include pizza, calzone-style subs, chicken wings and tenders, bread, salads, and brownies. Its headquarters are located in Madison Heights, Michigan in Metro Detroit.

pos: Marco's Pizza Marco’s Pizza, operated by Marco's Franchising, LLC, is a restaurant chain and interstate franchise based in Toledo, Ohio, that specializes in Italian-American cuisine. The first store is in Oregon, Ohio, at Starr Avenue and Wheeling Street. It was founded by Italian immigrant Pasquale “Pat” Giammarco in 1978.

neg: Hillcrest, Ohio Hillcrest is an unincorporated place in central Warren County, Ohio, United States on U.S. Route 42 about halfway between Mason, 4 mi to the southwest, and Lebanon, 3 mi to the northeast. The community straddles the township line between Turtlecreek and Union Townships. The former Cincinnati, Lebanon and Northern Railway runs just east of the community and once had a stop here called "Turtlecreek". It is in the Lebanon City School District and is served by the Lebanon telephone exchange and post office.

neg: Sammy's Pizza Sammy's Pizza & Restaurant is a landmark regional restaurant brand. It was founded in 1954 in Hibbing, MN.

neg: Reynoldsburg, Ohio Reynoldsburg is a city in Fairfield, Franklin, and Licking counties in the U.S. state of Ohio. It is a suburban community in the Columbus, Ohio metropolitan area. The population was 35,893 at the 2010 census.

neg: Peppes Pizza Peppes Pizza is a Norwegian pizza chain that serves American style and Italian style pizza. Peppes is the largest pizza chain in Scandinavia. The restaurant was founded by two Americans, Louis Jordan and his wife Anne from Hartford, Connecticut. The restaurant chain is part of Umoe Catering As which consists of restaurants such as Burger King, TGI Fridays, La Baguette and Cafe Opus. Peppes Pizza is one of the first restaurants that brought foreign food to Norway. 9 million pizzas are served by Peppes each year with deliveries in 11 cities in Norway. Their menu was first put online in March 1995. The servings have been described as enough for two people and that the pizza chain is "a cut above the rest".

neg: Ohio Citizen Action Ohio Citizen Action is Ohio’s largest environmental organization, with a focus on environmental health. The organization was founded in Cleveland in 1975 as the Ohio Public Interest Campaign, a coalition of union, senior citizen, church, and community organizations. Responding to a wave of factory closings in Northeast Ohio, the coalition proposed state legislation to require advance notice to employees before a closing (1977). The Ohio legislature balked, so U.S. Senator Howard Metzenbaum (D-OH) sponsored it as a federal bill. It became federal law in 1988.

neg: New Albany, Ohio New Albany is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio, just northeast of the state capital of Columbus. Most of the city is located in Franklin County and a small portion extends into adjacent Licking County. The population was 7,724 at the 2010 census. Founded in 1837, it is now a growing suburb in the Columbus area. New Albany is a very wealthy community, with a per capita income that ranks 12th out of 1,065 places in the state of Ohio. The mayor of New Albany is Democrat Sloan Spalding, who was elected in 2015.

neg: George Howie George Howie (April 26, 1899 Damascus, Syria – November 11, 1979 San Luis Obispo, California) was an American racecar driver.

neg: Franklin Park Mall Franklin Park Mall is a shopping mall in Toledo, Ohio. Its anchor stores are Macy's, Dillard's, JCPenney, and Dick's Sporting Goods.

neg: Cassano's Pizza King Cassano's Pizza King, currently operating under the brand Cassano's, is a pizzeria chain based in Kettering, Ohio, a suburb of Dayton. Established on June 4, 1953, by the Kettering grocer Victor "Vic" J. Cassano, Sr. (June 4, 1922 – January 1, 2002) and his mother-in-law Caroline "Mom" Donisi, the company currently (2005) operates 34 Cassano's Pizza King restaurants in the Dayton area, and has three other western Ohio franchises (in Russells Point, Fairfield and Sidney), plus a franchise in Quincy, Illinois, and another in Hannibal, Missouri. The company also operates dozens of Cassano's Pizza Express kiosks in gas stations, convenience stores and hotels, and sells frozen pizza dough under the name Cassano's Fresh Frozen Dough Company.

neg: Cicis Cicis (formerly named CiCi's Pizza) is an American buffet restaurant chain based in Coppell, Texas, specializing in pizza. There are approximately 500 franchised and corporately owned restaurants in 35 states. In November 2015, the company began a new marketing campaign which included the renaming of the company to Cicis, along with the addition of a new logo and redesigned website. The campaign is aimed at proving that Cicis has more to offer than just pizza.

neg: Don Meij Donald Jeffrey Meij (born December 27, 1968) is an Australian business entrepreneur and the Group Chief Executive Officer and Managing Director of Domino's Pizza Enterprises (Domino's). Meij has been in the pizza industry since 1987, commencing his career as a delivery driver for Silvio's Dial-a-Pizza in Brisbane's north east suburb, Redcliffe.

neg: Steve Austria Stephen Clement Austria (born October 12, 1958) is the former U.S. Representative for Ohio 's 7 congressional district , serving from 2009 to 2013. He is a member of the Republican Party. In December 2011, Austria announced his intention to not run for re-election for the 113th Congress in the 2012 elections. During the 14 years of elected office, Austria never lost an election.

neg: Mr. Football Award (Michigan) The Michigan Mr. Football Award is an honor accorded to a high school football player from Michigan. It is sponsored by Hungry Howie's, and is awarded based on a combination of player performance and fan voting.

neg: Sonic Drive-In Sonic Drive-In, more commonly known as Sonic, is an American drive-in fast-food restaurant chain based in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. As of August 31, 2016, restaurants were in 45 U.S. states. In 2011, it was ranked 10th in "QSR Magazine"'s rankings of the top 50 quick-service and fast-casual restaurant brands in the nation (moving the 13th for 2015 and 2016). Known for its use of carhops on roller skates, the company annually hosts a competition to determine the top skating carhop in its system.

neg: Norwood, Ohio Norwood is the second most populous city in Hamilton County, Ohio, United States, and an enclave of the larger city of Cincinnati. The population was 19,207 at the 2010 census. Originally settled as an early suburb of Cincinnati in the wooded countryside north of the city, the area is characterized by older homes and tree-lined streets.

neg: Mark Mallory Mark Mallory (born April 2, 1962) is an American politician who served as the 68th Mayor of Cincinnati, Ohio.

neg: Howie Schneider Howard Adolph Schneider (April 24, 1930 – June 28, 2007), better known as Howie Schneider, was an award-winning cartoonist, sculptor and children's book author who lived and worked in Massachusetts. His best-known comic strip, "Eek & Meek", ran from 1965 to 2000 in more than 400 newspapers through Newspaper Enterprise Association.

neg: Northeast Ohio Northeast Ohio refers to the northeastern region of the U.S. state of Ohio. The region contains six Metropolitan Statistical Areas: Cleveland–Elyria; Akron; Canton–Massillon; Youngstown–Warren–Boardman; Mansfield, and Sandusky, along with six Micropolitan Statistical Areas: Ashland, Ashtabula, New Philadelphia–Dover, Norwalk, Salem, and Wooster. Most of the region, with the exception of the Youngstown–Warren–Boardman and Mansfield metropolitan areas, is also part of the Cleveland–Akron–Canton Combined Statistical Area and media market, while Mahoning, Trumbull, and Columbiana counties form part of the Youngstown–Warren CSA and media market with Mercer County, Pennsylvania. Northeast Ohio also includes most of the area known historically as the Connecticut Western Reserve. In 2011, the Intelligent Community Forum ranked Northeast Ohio as a global Smart 21 Communities list. It has the highest concentration of Hungarian Americans in the United States.

neg: California Pizza Kitchen California Pizza Kitchen, known within the food industry as CPK, is a polished casual dining restaurant chain that specializes in California-style pizza. The restaurant was started in 1985 by attorneys Rick Rosenfield and Larry Flax in Beverly Hills, California, United States.

neg: Logan, Ohio Logan is a city in Hocking County, Ohio, United States. The population was 7,152 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Hocking County. Logan is located in southeast Ohio, on the Hocking River 48 miles southeast of Columbus. The current mayor of Logan is Republican Greg Fraunfelter, who began a four-year term in January 2016.