query: Are Jennifer Capriati and Steve Denton both tennis players?

pos: Jennifer Capriati Jennifer Maria Capriati (born March 29, 1976) is an American former professional tennis player. A member of the International Tennis Hall of Fame, she won three singles championships in Grand Slam tournaments and a gold medal at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, reached the World No. 1 ranking, and is considered one of the greatest tennis players of all time.

pos: Steve Denton Steve Denton (born September 5, 1956, in Kingsville, Texas) is a former professional tennis player for the ATP Tour. He is currently the head men's tennis coach at Texas A&M University.

neg: John Paul Fruttero John Paul Fruttero (born April 30, 1981) is an American professional tennis player. He competes mainly on the ATP Challenger Tour and ITF Futures, both in singles and doubles. He reached his highest ATP singles ranking, No. 183 on November 21, 2005, and his highest ATP doubles ranking, No. 83, on May 7, 2012.

neg: 2004 Pilot Pen Tennis – Singles Jennifer Capriati was the defending champion, but lost in quarterfinals to Nathalie Dechy.

neg: David Lloyd (tennis) David Alan Lloyd (born 3 January 1948) is a former professional English tennis player and entrepreneur.

neg: Brooke Austin Brooke Irene Austin (born 12 February 1996) is an American tennis player.

neg: 2002 Family Circle Cup – Singles Jennifer Capriati was the defending champion, but lost in semifinals to Patty Schnyder

neg: Meredith McGrath Meredith McGrath (born April 28, 1971) is a former professional tennis player. She was born in Midland, Michigan, USA and made her debut on the Women's Tennis Association tour in 1988. In her eight-year professional career Meredith achieved career-high world rankings of #18 in singles and #4 in doubles. She notched victories over such players as Martina Navratilova, Martina Hingis, Anna Kournikova, Jana Novotna, Arantxa Sanchez Vicario, and Gigi Fernandez. The pinnacle of her career came in reaching the singles semi-finals and doubles finals at the 1996 Wimbledon Championships. In the singles she defeated Mana Endo, Amanda Coetzer, Nancy Feber, Katarína Studeníková and Mary Joe Fernandez before losing to Arantxa Sánchez Vicario. An injury the week prior to the 1996 Wimbledon Championships eventually ended her career. Meredith won the 1995 U.S. Open Mixed Doubles Championship (she was runner-up in 1989) and was the runner-up in the 1994 Australian Open Doubles Championship. Meredith won three WTA singles titles: Oklahoma City and Eastbourne in 1994 and Birmingham in 1996, 25 doubles titles. She retired with a 140–83 record in singles and a 189–40 record in doubles. Meredith was recognized by Tennis Magazine as the WTA Comeback Player of the Year as she overcame near career-ending injuries to having her most successful competitive season in 1996. In 1994 she received the WTA Tour Comeback Player of the Year.

neg: Nicole Melichar Nicole Melichar () is an American tennis player.

neg: 1999 Internationaux de Strasbourg The 1999 Internationaux de Strasbourg was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Strasbourg, France that was part of Tier III of the 1999 WTA Tour. The tournament was held from May 17 through May 23, 1999. Unseeded Jennifer Capriati won the singles title and $27,500 first-prize money.

neg: Julie Heldman Julie Heldman (born December 8, 1945) is a retired American tennis player who won 22 professional tennis titles. In 1969 she was ranked World No. 5, her highest career world ranking, and No. 2 in the U.S.

neg: JoAnne Russell JoAnne Russell (born October 30, 1954) is an American former professional tennis player. With playing partner Helen Gourlay Cawley, she won the Wimbledon Ladies' Doubles title in 1977. They beat the team of Chris Evert and Rosie Casals in the first round and the top-ranked team of Martina Navratilova and Betty Stöve in the final (6–3, 6–3). Russell reached a career-high singles ranking of No. 22.

neg: Horacio Rearte Horacio Rearte is a Tennis Coach. He has mentored many top players, such as Jennifer Capriati, Nathalie Tauziat, Jean-Rene Lisnard, Alex Wozniak, Andy Roddick, and Gilles Müller.

neg: Massimo Dell'Acqua Massimo Dell'Acqua (born 6 September 1979) is a former professional tennis player from Italy.

neg: Chris Garner (tennis) Chris Garner (born April 7, 1969 in) is an American former tennis player.

neg: Melissa Gurney Melissa Gurney (born June 24, 1969) is a retired American professional tennis player.

neg: Juan Antonio Marín Juan Antonio Marín (born 2 March 1975) is a former professional male tennis player from Costa Rica.

neg: Steve Johnson (tennis) Steve "Stevie" Johnson Jr. (born December 24, 1989) is an American professional tennis player. For 1 week in August 2016 he was the top ranked American in men's singles. He has a career high ranking of world number 21. He has won four ATP Challenger Tour titles and two ATP Tour 250 titles at Nottingham on grass and at Houston on clay. He won a bronze medal in men's doubles at the 2016 Olympics with Jack Sock.

neg: Matteo Donati Matteo Donati (born 28 February 1995) is an Italian professional tennis player. On 13 April 2015, he reached the final of the ATP Challenger Tour Napoli Cup to claim a career-high of no. 247 on the ATP World Tour Singles rankings.

neg: Donna Caponi Donna Caponi-Byrnes (born January 29, 1945) is an American LPGA Tour professional golfer. She became a member of the tour in 1965 and won four major championships and 24 LPGA Tour career events. She is a member of the World Golf Hall of Fame.

neg: Gerald Moss Gerald 'Jerry' H. Moss is a retired American tennis player.

neg: Sloane Stephens Sloane Stephens (born March 20, 1993) is an American tennis player. She has won five WTA singles titles, including her first major at the 2017 US Open. With the victory, she became the lowest ranked player (83rd) to ever win the women's singles title and the first American woman outside the Williams sisters to win a Slam since Jennifer Capriati in 2002.


query: Alfred Sherman became an adviser to a Prime Minister of the United Kingdom that died in this year?

pos: Alfred Sherman Sir Alfred Sherman (10 November 1919 – 26 August 2006) was a writer, journalist, and political analyst. Described by a long-time associate as "a brilliant polymath, a consummate homo politicus, and one of the last true witnesses to the 20th century", he was a Communist volunteer in the Spanish Civil War but later changed his views completely and became an adviser to Margaret Thatcher.

pos: Margaret Thatcher Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (née Roberts ; 13 October 1925 – 8 April 2013) was a British stateswoman who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 and Leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 to 1990. She was the longest-serving British prime minister of the 20th century and the first woman to have been appointed. A Soviet journalist dubbed her the "Iron Lady", a nickname that became associated with her uncompromising politics and leadership style. As Prime Minister, she implemented policies that have come to be known as Thatcherism.

neg: Anne Chamberlain Anne de Vere Chamberlain (née Cole; 1883 – 12 February 1967) was the wife of British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain.

neg: Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston, (20 October 1784 – 18 October 1865), was a British statesman who served twice as Prime Minister in the mid-19th century. For most of 1830 to 1865 he dominated British foreign policy when Britain was at the height of its power. Popularly nicknamed "Pam" and "The Mongoose", he was in government office almost continuously from 1807 until his death in 1865, beginning his parliamentary career as a Tory, switching to the Whigs in 1830, and concluding it as the first Prime Minister of the newly formed Liberal Party from 1859.

neg: Maurice Hankey, 1st Baron Hankey Maurice Pascal Alers Hankey, 1st Baron Hankey, (1 April 1877 – 26 January 1963) was a British civil servant who gained prominence as the first Cabinet Secretary and who later made the rare transition from the civil service to ministerial office. He is best known as the highly efficient top aide to Prime Minister David Lloyd George and the War Cabinet that directed Britain in the First World War.

neg: Stafford Northcote, 1st Earl of Iddesleigh Stafford Henry Northcote, 1st Earl of Iddesleigh, (27 October 1818 – 12 January 1887), known as Sir Stafford Northcote, Bt, from 1851 to 1885, was a British Conservative politician. He served as Chancellor of the Exchequer between 1874 and 1880 and as Foreign Secretary between 1885 and 1886, and was one of only two people to hold the office of First Lord of the Treasury without ever being Prime Minister.

neg: Arthur Marshall (Liberal MP) Sir Arthur Harold Marshall, KBE (2 August 1870 – 18 January 1956) was an English Liberal Party politician. He was Member of Parliament (MP) for Wakefield (1910–1918) and for Huddersfield 1922–1923.

neg: Walter Sherman Gifford Walter Sherman Gifford (January 10, 1885 – May 7, 1966) was best known as the president of the AT&T Corporation from 1925 to 1948, after which he served as United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom from 1950 to 1953.

neg: Oliver Stanley Oliver Frederick George Stanley (4 May 1896 – 10 December 1950) was a prominent British Conservative politician who held many ministerial posts before his relatively early death.

neg: Alfred Bonwick Alfred James Bonwick (1 November 1883 – 4 September 1949) was a Liberal Party politician in the United Kingdom.

neg: Sir William Molesworth, 8th Baronet Sir William Molesworth, 8th Baronet PC (23 May 1810 – 22 October 1855), was a Radical British politician, who served in the coalition cabinet of The Earl of Aberdeen from 1853 until his death in 1855 as First Commissioner of Works and then Colonial Secretary.

neg: Robert Spencer, 4th Earl of Sunderland Robert Spencer, 4th Earl of Sunderland (24 October 1701 – 15 September 1729) was a British peer from the Spencer family, the son of the Whig politician, Charles Spencer, 3rd Earl of Sunderland. His mother was Lady Anne Churchill, the daughter of John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough and Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough. Known as Lord Spencer between 1702 and 1722, he succeeded to the Earldom after his father's death in, but died in 1729 with no children. Therefore, his brother, Charles, became 5th Earl of Sunderland, and subsequently 3rd Duke of Marlborough after the death of his aunt, Henrietta Godolphin ("née" Churchill), 2nd Duchess of Marlborough.

neg: Gwilym Lloyd George, 1st Viscount Tenby Major Gwilym Lloyd-George, 1st Viscount Tenby, (4 December 1894 – 14 February 1967) was a British politician and cabinet minister. A younger son of Prime Minister David Lloyd George, he served as Home Secretary from 1954 to 1957.

neg: Archibald Primrose (disambiguation) Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery (1847–1929) was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.

neg: Arthur Hamilton-Gordon, 1st Baron Stanmore Arthur Charles Hamilton-Gordon, 1st Baron Stanmore (26 November 1829 – 30 January 1912) was a British Liberal Party politician and colonial administrator. He had extensive contact with Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone.

neg: Spencer Perceval Spencer Perceval, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (1 November 1762 – 11 May 1812) was a British statesman who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1809 until his assassination in 1812. Perceval is the only British prime minister to have been murdered. He was also the only Solicitor General or Attorney General to become Prime Minister.

neg: 1970 Prime Minister's Resignation Honours The 1970 Prime Minister's Resignation Honours were officially announced in the "London Gazette" of 7 August 1970 and marked the June 1970 electoral defeat of Prime Minister Harold Wilson.

neg: Lord Algernon Percy Colonel Lord Algernon Malcolm Arthur Percy (2 October 1851 – 28 December 1933) was a British career soldier and Conservative politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1882 to 1887.

neg: Keith Joseph Keith Sinjohn Joseph, Baron Joseph, (17 January 1918 – 10 December 1994), known as Sir Keith Joseph, 2nd Baronet, for most of his political life, was a British barrister and politician. A member of the Conservative Party, he served in the Cabinet under four prime ministers: Harold Macmillan, Sir Alec Douglas-Home, Edward Heath and Margaret Thatcher. He was a key influence in the creation of what came to be known as "Thatcherism" and the subsequent decline of one-nation conservatism and the postwar consensus.

neg: Cooper Rawson Sir Alfred Cooper Rawson (26 July 1876 – 11 January 1946) was a British businessman and Conservative Party politician. After a decade in local government, he sat in the House of Commons from 1922 to 1944.

neg: Philip Kenyon-Slaney Major Philip Percy Kenyon-Slaney {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (12 February 1896 – 9 September 1928) was a British Conservative Party politician.

neg: Mary Gladstone Mary Drew ("née" Gladstone; 23 November 1847–1 January 1927), was a political secretary, writer and hostess. She was the daughter of the British Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone, and achieved notability as his advisor, confidante and private secretary. She also attained a fair degree of political influence by controlling access to him.


query: A New Theory of the Earth was written by what English theologian?

pos: A New Theory of the Earth A New Theory of the Earth was a book written by William Whiston, in which he presented a description of the divine creation of the Earth and a posited global flood. He also postulated that the earth originated from the atmosphere of a comet and that all major changes in earth's history could be attributed to the action of comets. It was published in 1696 and was well received by intellectuals of the day such as Isaac Newton and John Locke.

pos: William Whiston William Whiston (9 December 1667 – 22 August 1752) was an English theologian, historian, and mathematician, a leading figure in the popularisation of the ideas of Isaac Newton. He is now probably best known for helping to instigate the Longitude Act in 1714 (and his attempts to win the rewards that it promised) and his important translations of the "Antiquities of the Jews" and other works by Josephus (which are still in print). He was a prominent exponent of Arianism and wrote "A New Theory of the Earth".

neg: Thomas Gataker Thomas Gataker (* London, 4 September 1574; † Cambridge, 27 June 1654) was an English clergyman and theologian.

neg: Alistair Campbell (bioethicist) Professor Alastair Vincent Campbell MA, BD, ThD (born 1938) is a British theologian and bioethicist.

neg: A. E. Wilder-Smith Arthur Ernest Wilder-Smith, FRSC (22 December 1915 – 14 September 1995), more commonly known as A. E. Wilder-Smith, was a British organic chemist, and young Earth creationist.

neg: John Norris (philosopher) John Norris, sometimes called John Norris of Bemerton, (1657–1712) was an English theologian, philosopher and poet associated with the Cambridge Platonists.

neg: Bede Bede ( ; Old English: "Bǣda" or "Bēda" ; 672/3 – 26 May 735), also known as Saint Bede, Venerable Bede, and Bede the Venerable (Latin: "Bēda Venerābilis" ), was an English monk at the monastery of St. Peter and its companion monastery of St. Paul in the Kingdom of Northumbria of the Angles (contemporarily Monkwearmouth–Jarrow Abbey in Tyne and Wear, England). He is well known as an author and scholar, and his most famous work, "Ecclesiastical History of the English People" gained him the title "The Father of English History".

neg: James Browne (theologian) James Browne or Brown (1616–1685) was an English theologian.

neg: Henry Holden Henry Holden (1596 – March 1662) was an English Roman Catholic priest, known as a theologian.

neg: Thomas Netter Thomas Netter (c. 1375 – 2 November 1430) was an English Scholastic theologian and controversialist. From his birthplace he is commonly called Thomas of Walden, or Thomas Waldensis.

neg: Richard S. Kirby Richard Stephen Kirby (July 16, 1949—September 24, 2009) was a theologian and chaplain with interests in astronomy, cosmology, and futurology. His thought was considered to be in a direct line of descent from the futurist author H.G. Wells, through the philosopher Olaf Stapledon and the astronomer and science fiction writer Arthur C. Clarke.

neg: Thomas Woolston Thomas Woolston (baptised November 1668 – 27 January 1733) was an English theologian. Although he was often classed as a deist, his biographer William H. Trapnell regards him as an Anglican who held unorthodox theological views.

neg: Daniel Whitby Daniel Whitby (1638–1726) was a controversial English theologian and biblical commentator. An Arminian priest in the Church of England, Whitby was known as strongly anti-Calvinistic and later gave evidence of Unitarian tendencies.

neg: John Earle (divine) John Earle (1749–1818), was an English Catholic theologian.

neg: Nicholas Hill (scientist) Nicholas Hill (1570-1610?) was an English natural philosopher, considered a disciple of Giordano Bruno. He is known for his 1601 book "Philosophia epicurea".

neg: Joel B. Green Joel B. Green, Ph.D. (born 7 May 1956) is an American New Testament scholar, theologian, author, Dean of the School of Theology and Professor of New Testament Interpretation at Fuller Theological Seminary in Pasadena, California. Green is a prolific author who has written on a diverse range of topics related to both New Testament scholarship and theology. He is an ordained elder of the United Methodist Church.

neg: Richard Francis Weymouth Dr. Richard Francis Weymouth (M.A., D.Litt.) (1822–1902) was an English schoolmaster, Baptist layman and Bible student known particularly for producing one of the earliest modern language translations of the New Testament.

neg: John Webster (British theologian) John Bainbridge Webster DD FRSE (20 June 1955 – 25 May 2016) was a British theologian of the Anglican Communion writing in the area of systematic, historical, and moral theology. Born in Mansfield, England on 20 June 1955, he was educated at the independent co-educational Bradford Grammar School and at the University of Cambridge. After a distinguished career, he died at his home in Scotland on 25 May 2016 at the age of 60. At the time of his death, he was the Chair of Divinity at St. Mary's College, University of St Andrews, Scotland.

neg: John Cornwell (writer) John Cornwell (born 1940) is a British journalist, author, and academic. Since 1990 he has directed the Science and Human Dimension Project at Jesus College, Cambridge, where he is also, since 2009, Founder and Director of the Rustat Conferences. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature and was awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Letters (University of Leicester) in 2011. He was nominated for the PEN/Ackerley Prize for best UK memoir 2007 ("Seminary Boy") and shortlisted Specialist Journalist of the Year (science, medicine in "Sunday Times Magazine"), British Press Awards 2006. He won the Science and Medical Network Book of the Year Award for "Hitler’s Scientists", 2005; and received the Independent Television Authority-Tablet Award for contributions to religious journalism (1994). In 1982 he won the Gold Dagger Award Non-Fiction (1982) for "Earth to Earth". He is best known for his investigative journalism; memoir; and his work in public understanding of science. In addition to his books on the relationship between science, ethics and the humanities, he has written widely on the Catholic Church and the modern papacy.

neg: Isaac Newton in popular culture Isaac Newton was an English mathematician, natural philosopher, theologian, alchemist and one of the most influential scientists in human history. His "Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica" is considered to be one of the most influential book in the history of science, laying the groundwork for most of classical mechanics by describing universal gravitation and the three laws of motion. In mathematics, Newton shares the credit with Gottfried Leibniz for the development of the differential and integral calculus.

neg: Hedley Sparks Hedley Frederick Davis Sparks {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (14 November 1908 – 22 November 1996) was a British biblical scholar and Church of England priest. From 1946 to 1952, he was Cadbury Professor of Theology at the University of Birmingham. From 1952 to 1976, he was Oriel Professor of the Interpretation of Holy Scripture at the University of Oxford.

neg: Charles Henry Newmarch Charles Henry Newmarch (1824–1903) was an English cleric and author.


query: Dyro has released an official remix of a Rihanna song from what album?

pos: Dyro Jordy van Egmond (born (1992--) 22, 1992 ), professionally known by his stage name Dyro, is a Dutch DJ and EDM producer. Since 2010 he has released original singles and remixes on labels such as Revealed Recordings, Musical Freedom, and Def Jam, and has also released official remixes for tracks such as "Right Now" by Rihanna and "Iron" by Nicky Romero and Calvin Harris. He collaborated with Tiësto on a single titled "Paradise" in 2013, and also that year he collaborated with Hardwell on the single "Never Say Goodbye". Featuring Bright Lights, it peaked at No. 23 on the UK Dance Chart. In 2014 Dyro ranked No. 27 on the DJ Mag Top 100 DJs list.

pos: Right Now (Rihanna song) "Right Now" is a song by Barbadian recording artist Rihanna from her seventh studio album, "Unapologetic" (2012). The song features French disc jockey David Guetta. Rihanna co-wrote the song with R&B singers Ne-Yo and The-Dream, while their longtime collaborators, Norwegian production duo StarGate, co-produced the track alongside Guetta and his own longtime collaborators Nicky Romero and Giorgio Tuinfort. It was sent to contemporary hit and rhythmic radios in the United States as the fourth international single and fifth overall from the album on May 28, 2013. Musically, "Right Now" is an EDM song. The lyrical content features Rihanna chanting to live life in the moment.

neg: X (Chris Brown song) "X" is a song by American recording artist Chris Brown, taken from his sixth homonym studio album "X" (2014), and was released as an instant-gratification track alongside the album pre-order on iTunes on August 25, 2014. It was written by Brown, Diplo, Djemba Djemba, RoccStar, Dewain Whitmore, Jr. and Sevyn Streeter. Musically, "X" is a song that unites R&B and soul vocals with a dance beat. The song contains lyrics about Brown forgetting a failed relationship with a woman. "X" received critical praise from music critics, which praised the maturity of the lyrics and his production. Following the release of "X", as a result of the strong digital downloads, the song charted on multiple charts worldwide; it peaked at number 98 on the US "Billboard" Hot 100, number 26 on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, number 63 on the French Singles Chart, number 12 on the UK Singles R&B Chart, number 81 on the UK Singles Chart and number 75 on the Australian Singles Chart.

neg: New Thang "New Thang" is a song by American singer, dancer, DJ and rapper Redfoo, also known for being half of the duo LMFAO. It was released as the first single from his debut studio album "Party Rock Mansion" on August 6, 2014. The song, written and produced by himself, peaked at number 3 on the Australian Singles Chart.

neg: All of the Lights "All of the Lights" is a song by American rapper Kanye West, as the fourth single from his fifth studio album, "My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy" (2010). It was produced by West and features additional vocals from several other recording artists, including John Legend, The-Dream, Elly Jackson, Alicia Keys, Fergie, Kid Cudi, Elton John, Drake, and Rihanna; the latter is the only credited feature on the single.

neg: Dynamite (Taio Cruz song) "Dynamite" is a song by British recording artist Taio Cruz for the international version of his second studio album, "Rokstarr" (2010). Cruz co-wrote the song, along with Max Martin, Bonnie McKee, Benny Blanco, and Dr. Luke; the latter two are also the producers. The song features additional instrumentation by Cruz himself. It was released internationally as the fourth single from "Rokstarr". In the UK, the song was released as the first single from Cruz's compilation album, "The Rokstarr Collection" (2010). On 30 May 2010, it was released to US and Canadian radio stations as his second single and across Europe as his fourth single. An official remix was released featuring new label mate, Jennifer Lopez.

neg: Vitamin D (song) "Vitamin D" is a song by American hip hop recording artist Ludacris, featuring vocals from American singer Ty Dolla Sign. The song was released March 31, 2017 as the lead single from Ludacris's upcoming ninth studio album, set for release in November 2017. The track was produced by Da Internz , Miykal Snoddy and GMF.

neg: Complicated (Rihanna song) "Complicated" is a song by Barbadian recording artist Rihanna from her fifth studio album "Loud" (2010). It was written and produced by Tricky Stewart and Ester Dean. "Complicated" is a dance-pop, hip hop and trance music song, which also displays elements of pop, dance-pop and R&B. It contains lyrical content explaining how two people in a relationship can find one another complicated at times. The song was acclaimed by critics, as the majority of reviewers concluded that it was one of the best tracks to be included on "Loud". Reviewers also praised Rihanna's vocal performance in the song. Upon the release of the album in November 2010, the song charted at number 50 on the South Korea Gaon International Chart.

neg: Live Your Life (T.I. song) "Live Your Life" is a song by American rapper T.I., from his sixth studio album, "Paper Trail" (2008), and features Barbadian singer Rihanna. It was released as the seventh single from the album on September 23, 2008. The song is a conscious hip hop track with elements of contemporary R&B. The song's lyrics speak of T.I.'s rise to fame and optimism of the future. It also gives dedication to the American troops fighting in Iraq and Afghanistan.

neg: Music of the Sun Music of the Sun is the debut studio album by Barbadian singer Rihanna. It was released on August 30, 2005 in the United States through Def Jam Recordings. Prior to signing with Def Jam, Rihanna was discovered by record producer Evan Rogers in Barbados, who helped Rihanna record demo tapes to send out to several record labels. Jay-Z, the former chief executive officer (CEO) and president of Def Jam, was given Rihanna's demo by Jay Brown, his A&R at Def Jam, and invited her to audition for the label after hearing what turned out to be her first single, "Pon de Replay". She auditioned for Jay-Z and L.A. Reid, the former CEO and president of record label group The Island Def Jam Music Group, and was signed on the spot to prevent her from signing with another record label.

neg: XO (song) "XO" is a song by American singer Beyoncé from her fifth studio album, "Beyoncé" (2013). Columbia Records released the song as the lead contemporary hit radio single from the album in the US and Italy on December 16, 2013. Ryan Tedder co-wrote and co-produced "XO" with Terius "The-Dream" Nash and Beyoncé, with additional production handled by Chauncey "Hit-Boy" Hollis and HazeBanga Music. A pure midtempo pop, electropop and R&B love song, "XO" is complete with electronic musical instrumentation, synthesizers and drums. Musically, it was compared to Beyoncé's own song "Halo" and was noted for having several music hooks including its call and response chorus.

neg: Princess of China "Princess of China" is a duet recorded by British rock band Coldplay and Barbadian singer Rihanna for Coldplay's fifth studio album "Mylo Xyloto". The song was written by band members Guy Berryman, Jonny Buckland, Will Champion, and Chris Martin, along with Brian Eno, and is influenced by the music genres of electronic rock, electropop and R&B. The song was released as the fourth single from "Mylo Xyloto" and was sent to US Mainstream radio on 14 February 2012. It was later released as a digital download on 13 April 2012. A companion EP to the single, featuring an acoustic version of the song, was released on 1 June 2012.

neg: The Rise (Futuristic album) The Rise is the third studio album by American rapper Futuristic. It was released on May 12, 2015. The album features guest appearances from D-Pryde, Samson, Casto and Devvon Terrell. The album was supported by two singles: "No Way" and "The Greatest".

neg: Blow (Beyoncé song) "Blow" is a song recorded by American singer Beyoncé from her self-titled fifth studio album (2013). It was written by Beyoncé, Pharrell Williams, Timbaland, J-Roc, James Fauntleroy and Justin Timberlake, and produced by the former four. It was set to be released as one of the lead singles following the release of the album along with "Drunk in Love", however, its release was scrapped in favor of "XO".

neg: Good Girl Gone Bad: The Remixes Good Girl Gone Bad: The Remixes is the first remix album by Barbadian singer Rihanna. It was released on January 27, 2009 through Def Jam Recordings. The album contains club remixes of tracks from her third studio album "Good Girl Gone Bad" (2007) and its 2008 re-release, "Good Girl Gone Bad: Reloaded". The songs were remixed by producers and disc jockeys such as Moto Blanco, Tony Moran, Soul Seekerz and Wideboys. The remixes appear in the form of radio edits instead of full-length versions.

neg: Phresh Out the Runway "Phresh Out the Runway" (also known as "Fresh Off the Runway") is a song recorded by Barbadian recording artist Rihanna for her seventh studio album "Unapologetic" (2012). It was co-written by Rihanna with French disc-jockey David Guetta, Giorgio Tuinfort and Terius Nash. It is the first time that Rihanna and Guetta had collaborated since "Who's That Chick?", released in November 2010. "Phresh Out the Runway" is a hip hop and rave song that contains heavy synthesizers and bass. Lyrically, Rihanna explains how if any of her crew does not respect her, they should no longer remain with her.

neg: Whoa, Nelly! Whoa, Nelly! is the debut studio album by Canadian singer-songwriter Nelly Furtado. It was released in North America on October 24, 2000 by DreamWorks Records. It peaked at number twenty-four on the US "Billboard" 200 chart, and opened to critical acclaim. It produced three international singles: "I'm Like a Bird", "Turn Off the Light" and "...on the Radio (Remember the Days)". "Party's Just Begun (Again)" was a club-only single released exclusively in the US before the album's availability in stores, and it was included on the soundtrack of the 1999 film "Brokedown Palace". When "Party's Just Begun (Again)" was released, Furtado's label was unsure about the genre in which to market her. They eventually remixed "Party's Just Begun (Again)" and included it on this album as "Party". The DreamWorks label released "Trynna Finda Way" as the fourth single in Mexico and South America, and "Hey, Man!" as the fourth single in the UK and Germany. The album spent seventy-eight weeks on the "Billboard" 200. It hit double-platinum status in the US in January 2002.

neg: My Way (Ian Brown album) My Way is the sixth solo album by British artist Ian Brown. The album was released on 28 September 2009. The album's lead single "Stellify" was released on 21 September 2009. In an interview with XFM Manchester he claimed that the song was originally written for Rihanna, but he realised he had created "a great sound" so claimed the track for himself.

neg: Starboy (album) Starboy is the third studio album by Canadian singer The Weeknd. It was released on November 25, 2016, by XO and Republic Records. The album features guest appearances from Daft Punk, Lana Del Rey, Future and Kendrick Lamar. The album was supported by six singles: "Starboy", "I Feel It Coming", "Party Monster", "Reminder", "Rockin'" and "Die for You".

neg: Radio (Beyoncé song) "Radio" is a song by American recording artist Beyoncé taken from her third studio album, "I Am… Sasha Fierce" (2008). The uptempo electropop/dance-pop song was composed by Beyoncé, Rico Love, Dwayne Nesmith and Jim Jonsin. Composed in the key of D major and built essentially on bouncy beat, "Radio" also displays influences of the 1980s synthpop, Europop, and house. It is instrumentally complete with a Roland TR-808 drum, bass instruments, and synthesizers. The song's lyrics describe the love of Beyoncé in her childhood for the songs she used to listen on the radio as she grew into an adult.

neg: Night Is Young "Night Is Young" is an electropop song by Canadian recording artist Nelly Furtado. It was written by Furtado, Salaam Remi and StayBent Krunk-a-Delic, and produced by the latter pair for Furtado's greatest hits compilation album, "The Best of Nelly Furtado" (2010). The song follows a dance and electronic style, which Furtado said that she is happy with because she never had a straightforward dance-pop song. The lyrics to the song were written by Furtado, who said it is "not necessarily a love song" but is about "having a good time and enjoying life."

neg: Heartbreaker (G-Dragon song) "Heartbreaker" is the lead single from Big Bang leader G-Dragon's first solo album of the Heartbreaker album, Released August 19, 2009 it topped many charts upon release, and went to sell over 3 million digital downloads in 2009 alone. including reaching the number-one spot on the Mnet, Melon, and KBS Music Chart. His first solo album, "Heartbreaker" sold the most albums in Korea in 2009. The official remix features American rapper Flo Rida. By the end of 2011, "Heartbreaker" was downloaded exactly 4,407,355 times.


query: Walla Crag is a fell in the English Lake District, near Keswick, and a subsidiary top of  Bleaberry Fell is a fell in the Lake District in Cumbria, England, with a height of what?

pos: Bleaberry Fell Bleaberry Fell is a fell in the Lake District in Cumbria, England, with a height of 590 metres (1,936 feet). It stands on the main watershed between Borrowdale and Thirlmere and can be climbed from either flank. Walla Crag is a subsidiary top of Bleaberry Fell.

pos: Walla Crag Walla Crag is a fell in the English Lake District, near Keswick. The fell is a popular short walk from Keswick and gives superb views over Derwentwater. The western face is prominent in views across the lake and fine views over Keswick are available from the summit.

neg: Dow Crag Dow Crag is a fell in the English Lake District near Coniston, Cumbria. The eastern face is one of the many rock faces in the Lake District used for rock climbing.

neg: Fountains Fell Fountains Fell is a mountain in the Yorkshire Dales, England. The main summit ([ SD864716] ) has a height of 668 m and a relative height or topographic prominence of 243 m and thus qualifies as a Marilyn. Its subsidiary south top ([ SD868708] ) reaches 662 m and qualifies as a Nuttall. A third summit, further south at [ SD868697] , reaches 610 m and is the most southerly 2,000 ft summit in the Pennines.

neg: Brant Fell Brant Fell is a hill in the English Lake District, near Bowness-on-Windermere, Cumbria. It is the subject of a chapter of Wainwright's book "The Outlying Fells of Lakeland". It reaches 629 ft . Wainwright's route leaves Bowness along the path of the Dales Way, makes an anticlockwise loop over the viewpoint of Post Knott to the summit, and either returns along the Dales Way or follows a woodland path to Helm Road from where another viewpoint, Biskey Howe, is only a slight detour before continuing down Helm Road to Bowness. He commends its "fine prospect of Windermere".

neg: Troutbeck Tongue Troutbeck Tongue is a small fell located in the English Lake District, three miles (five kilometres) ENE of Ambleside. It is one of 214 hills listed in Alfred Wainwright's "Pictorial Guides to the Lakeland Fells", which makes it a popular attraction for walkers who are aiming to complete all the "Wainwrights". Because of its moderate height and proximity to a main road it is a pleasant half-day excursion that can be done when the higher fells are in cloud.

neg: Dock Tarn Dock Tarn is a small tarn located within the Lake District National Park in Cumbria, England at grid reference [ NY273143] . It is situated on moorland at 400 metres above sea level near the summit of Great Crag, midway between Watendlath, the Stonethwaite valley and Borrowdale. It measures approximately 300 by 200 metres, and the shoreline is indented with rocky headlands and bays. There is a tiny island in the tarn with a few small Rowan trees growing on it. Many Lake District writers rate Dock Tarn and the walk to it very highly because of its quiet beauty.

neg: Lingmoor Fell Lingmoor Fell is a fell in the English Lake District, situated eight kilometres (five miles) west of Ambleside. The fell reaches a modest height of 469 m (1,540 ft) and divides the valleys of Great Langdale and Little Langdale. The fell's name originates from the Old Norse word "lyng" meaning “heather covered”. The actual summit of the fell is named as Brown How on Ordnance Survey maps.

neg: Glaramara Glaramara is a fell in the English Lake District in Cumbria. It is a substantial fell that is part of a long ridge that stretches for over six kilometres from Stonethwaite in Borrowdale up to the important mountain pass of Esk Hause. The summit of Glaramara at 783 m (2,569 ft) is the central point of this ridge, which separates the valleys of Langstrath and Grains Gill. However, the ridge has two additional fells, numerous subsidiary tops and several small tarns making its traverse an appealing and challenging walk.

neg: Fellbarrow Fellbarrow is a low hill in the north west of the English Lake District. It is not far from the town of Cockermouth, near to Loweswater and can most easily be climbed from Low Lorton, or Thackthwaite. From the summit there are views across the Lorton valley to Grasmoor and Whiteside.

neg: Brae Fell Brae Fell is a fell in the English Lake District, situated 12 kilometres north of Keswick it reaches a height of 586 m (1,923 ft) and is regarded as part of the Caldbeck Fells along with High Pike and Carrock Fell even though it has ridge links to the Uldale Fells. The fell's name has Scottish overtones and translates from the Scots language as a hillside or slope. Its northern flanks face the Scottish Borders country across the Eden Valley and Solway Firth.

neg: Whitfell Whitfell (or sometimes Whit Fell) is a hill in the southwestern part of the Lake District. It is the highest point between Black Combe and Harter Fell on the broad ridge to the west of the Duddon Valley. Views from the summit include the full length of the Duddon Valley including its estuary; the western side of the Coniston fells; the Eskdale fells including Scafell and Bowfell; much of western Cumbria including the estuary of the Rivers Esk, Mite and Irt; the Isle of Man; as well as the hills to the south culminating in Black Combe.

neg: Blencathra Blencathra, also known as Saddleback, is one of the most northerly hills in the English Lake District. It has six separate fell tops, of which the highest is the Hallsfell Top at 2,848 feet (868 metres).

neg: Faulds Brow Faulds Brow is a small rise in the English Lake District, northwest of the village of Caldbeck in Cumbria. It is the subject of a chapter of Wainwright's book "The Outlying Fells of Lakeland"., but its summit, at 344 m , is only slightly raised above the surrounding land. From a major road just to the south, the summit can be reached in minutes, with minimal effort. Nevertheless, the summit has wide views to High Pike to the south, and to the Solway Firth and beyond to Scotland to the north. Wainwright's recommended route, ""to make a worthwhile walk"", is an anticlockwise circuit from Caldbeck, mostly on minor roads.

neg: Beda Fell Beda Fell is a fell in the English Lake District, situated to the south of Ullswater. It divides the valleys of Boredale and Bannerdale within the Martindale system.

neg: Clough Head Clough Head ( ) ( "hill-top above the ravine") is a fell, or hill, in the English Lake District. It marks the northern end of the main ridge of the Helvellyn range and is often walked as part of the ridge walk. The fell stands south of the village of Threlkeld and the A66 road, and it forms the steep eastern side of the tranquil valley of St John's in the Vale.

neg: Carrock Fell Carrock Fell is a fell in the English Lake District, situated in the northern region of the national park, 8 miles (13 kilometres) north-east of Keswick. The fell's name means "Rock Fell", from the Cumbric "carrec", meaning a rock, and Old Norse "fjall", meaning a fell.

neg: Mickledore Mickledore (the name means great door or pass) is a narrow ridge, 840 metres (2755 ft) high, connecting the mountains of Sca Fell and Scafell Pike in the English Lake District. It is also a pass between the valleys of Wasdale and Eskdale.

neg: Heughscar Hill Heughscar Hill is a hill in the east of the English Lake District, east of Ullswater and north of High Street, Cumbria. It is the subject of a chapter of Wainwright's book "The Outlying Fells of Lakeland". It reaches 1231 ft and Wainwright's route is an anticlockwise circuit starting at Askham. He describes it as ""A gem for aged fellwalkers"'.

neg: Helvellyn range The Helvellyn range is the name given to a part of the Eastern Fells in the English Lake District, "fell" being the local word for "hill". The name comes from Helvellyn, the highest summit of the group.

neg: Yoke (Lake District) Yoke is a fell in the Lake District in Cumbria, England. It has a height of 706 m (2,316 ft) and is situated in the far eastern sector of the national park, 6½ kilometres (4 miles) ENE of the town of Ambleside. Yoke is the southern extremity of the long ridge that runs southwards from the fell of High Street. Yoke’s name is believed to be derived from the Old English language word "geoc" which is similar to the German word "joch" meaning mountain ridge.

neg: High Tove High Tove is a fell in the English Lake District, close to the geographical centre of the Cumbrian hills. It forms part of the watershed between the Derwentwater and Thirlmere catchments, a ridge running broadly north-south.


query: The Lady Godiva device was an unshielded, pulsed nuclear reactor originally situated at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), New Mexico, physicist Otto Frisch remembered the Los Alamos team called an earlier unshielded uranium-235 assembly in which year, "Lady Godiva"?

pos: Godiva device The Lady Godiva device was an unshielded, pulsed nuclear reactor originally situated at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), New Mexico, U.S. It was one of a number of criticality devices within Technical Area 18 (TA-18). Specifically, it was used to produce bursts of neutrons and gamma rays for irradiating test samples, and inspired development of Godiva-like reactors. Physicist Otto Frisch remembered the Los Alamos team called an earlier unshielded uranium-235 assembly in 1944 "Lady Godiva".

pos: Otto Robert Frisch Otto Robert Frisch FRS (1 October 1904 – 22 September 1979) was an Austrian-British physicist. With his collaborator Rudolf Peierls he designed the first theoretical mechanism for the detonation of an atomic bomb in 1940.

neg: Raemer Schreiber Raemer Edgar Schreiber (November 11, 1910 – December 24, 1998) was an American physicist from McMinnville, Oregon who served Los Alamos National Laboratory during World War II, participating in the development of the atomic bomb. He saw the first one detonated in the Trinity nuclear test in July 1945, and prepared the Fat Man bomb that was used in the bombing of Nagasaki. After the war, he served at Los Alamos as a group leader, and was involved in the design of the hydrogen bomb. In 1955, he became the head of its Nuclear Rocket Propulsion (N) Division, which developed the first nuclear-powered rockets. He served as deputy director of the laboratory from 1972 until his retirement in 1974.

neg: Laguna Verde Nuclear Power Station Laguna Verde Nuclear Power Plant (LVNPP) is located on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico, in Alto Lucero, Veracruz, Mexico. It is the only nuclear power plant in Mexico and produces about 4.5% of the country's electrical energy. It consists of two units GE Boiling Water Reactors (BWR-5) each one with installed capacity of 682 MW using low enriched uranium (3%) as fuel. Unit-1 (U-1) started its operation on July 29, 1990. Unit-2 (U-2) started its operation on April 10, 1995. Initial architects in 1975 for the plant were Burns and Roe Inc and later Ebasco Services designed and supervised the project. The steam turbine and other components were manufactured by Mitsubishi Electric.

neg: Salted bomb A salted bomb is a nuclear weapon designed to function as a radiological weapon, producing enhanced quantities of radioactive fallout, rendering a large area uninhabitable. The term is derived both from the means of their manufacture, which involves the incorporation of additional elements to a standard atomic weapon, and from the expression "to salt the earth", meaning to render an area uninhabitable for generations. The idea originated with Hungarian-American physicist Leo Szilard, in February 1950. His intent was not to propose that such a weapon be built, but to show that nuclear weapon technology would soon reach the point where it could end human life on Earth. No intentionally salted bomb has ever been atmospherically tested, however the UK tested a 1 kiloton bomb incorporating a small amount of cobalt as an experimental radiochemical tracer at their Tadje testing site in Maralinga range, Australia, on September 14, 1957. Furthermore the triple "taiga" nuclear salvo test, as part of the preliminary March 1971 Pechora–Kama Canal project, produced substantial amounts of Co-60, with this fusion generated neutron activation product being responsible for about half of the gamma dose now (2011) at the test site.

neg: Pressurized heavy-water reactor A pressurized heavy-water reactor (PHWR) is a nuclear reactor, commonly using unenriched natural uranium as its fuel, that uses heavy water (deuterium oxide DO) as its coolant and neutron moderator. The heavy water coolant is kept under pressure, allowing it to be heated to higher temperatures without boiling, much as in a pressurized water reactor. While heavy water is significantly more expensive than ordinary light water, it creates greatly enhanced neutron economy, allowing the reactor to operate without fuel-enrichment facilities (offsetting the additional expense of the heavy water) and enhancing the ability of the reactor to make use of alternate fuel cycles.

neg: Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory The Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, abbreviated as TUNL (pronounced as "tunnel"), is a tripartite research consortium operated by Duke University, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and North Carolina State University. The laboratory is located on the West Campus of Duke University in Durham, North Carolina. Researchers are now drawn from several other universities around the United States in addition to members from the founding universities. TUNL also participates in long term collaborations with universities and laboratories around the world. Funding for TUNL comes primarily from the United States Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Physics.

neg: Cyril Stanley Smith Cyril Stanley Smith (4 October 1903 – 25 August 1992) was a British metallurgist and historian of science. He is most famous for his work on the Manhattan Project where he was responsible for the production of fissionable metals. A graduate of the University of Birmingham and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Smith worked for many years as a research metallurgist at the American Brass Company. During World War II he worked in the Chemical-Metallurgical Division of the Los Alamos Laboratory, where he purified, cast and shaped uranium-235 and plutonium, a metal hitherto available only in microgram amounts, and whose properties were largely unknown. After the war he served on the Atomic Energy Commission's influential General Advisory Committee, and the President's Science Advisory Committee.

neg: Teleforce Teleforce was a proposed defensive weapon by Nikola Tesla that accelerated pellets or slugs of material to a high velocity inside a vacuum chamber via electrostatic repulsion and then fired them out of aimed nozzles at intended targets. Tesla claimed to have conceived of it after studying the Van de Graaff generator. Tesla described the weapon as being able to be used against ground-based infantry or for anti-aircraft purposes.

neg: William W. Simmons (physicist) William W. Simmons (born 1932) is An American physicist at TRW and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), notable for his development of electro-optical devices.

neg: USS Seawolf (SSN-575) USS "Seawolf" (SSN-575), a unique submarine, was the third ship of the United States Navy to be named for the seawolf, the second nuclear submarine, and the only US submarine built with a liquid metal cooled (sodium) nuclear reactor known as the Submarine Intermediate Reactor (SIR) or Liquid Metal Fast Reactor (LMFR), later designated S2G. Her overall design was a variant of "Nautilus" , but with numerous detail changes, such as a conning tower, stepped sail, and the BQR-4 passive sonar mounted in the top portion of the bow instead of further below. This sonar arrangement resulted in an unusual bow shape above the water for a U.S. submarine. Her distinctive reactor was later replaced with a standard pressurized water reactor, the replacement process lasting from 12 December 1958 to 30 September 1960.

neg: Harry Diamond Laboratories The Harry Diamond Laboratories (HDL) was a research facility of the Ordnance Development Division of the National Bureau of Standards and later the US Army, most notable for its work on proximity fuzes in World War II. The organization was founded in 1940, but was not named after its first director Harry Diamond until 1962. HDL was one of seven Army laboratories merged to form the new Army Research Lab in 1992.

neg: S-50 (Manhattan Project) The S-50 Project was the Manhattan Project's effort to produce enriched uranium by liquid thermal diffusion during World War II. It was one of three technologies for uranium enrichment pursued by the Manhattan Project.

neg: Advanced Test Reactor The Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) is a research reactor at the Idaho National Laboratory, located east of Arco, Idaho. This reactor was designed and is used to test nuclear fuels and materials to be used in power plants, naval propulsion, research and advanced reactors. It can operate at a maximum power of 250 MW thermal power and has a "Four Leaf Clover" core design (similar to the Camunian rose) that allows for a variety of testing locations. The unique design allows for different flux (number of neutrons impacting one square centimeter every second) conditions in various locations. Six of the test locations allow an experiment to be isolated from the primary cooling system, providing its own environment for temperature, pressure, flow and chemistry, replicating the physical environment while accelerating the nuclear conditions.

neg: Armed Forces Special Weapons Project The Armed Forces Special Weapons Project (AFSWP) was a United States military agency responsible for those aspects of nuclear weapons remaining under military control after the Manhattan Project was succeeded by the Atomic Energy Commission on 1 January 1947. These responsibilities included the maintenance, storage, surveillance, security and handling of nuclear weapons, as well as supporting nuclear testing. The AFSWP was a joint organization, staffed by the United States Army, United States Navy and United States Air Force; its chief was supported by deputies from the other two services. Major General Leslie R. Groves, the former head of the Manhattan Project, was its first chief.

neg: Gerhard Hoffmann Gerhard Hoffmann (4 August 1880 – 18 June 1945) was a German nuclear physicist. During World War II, he contributed to the German nuclear energy project, also known as the Uranium Club.

neg: Nuclear weapon A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission (fission bomb) or from a combination of fission and fusion reactions (thermonuclear bomb). Both bomb types release large quantities of energy from relatively small amounts of matter. The first test of a fission ("atomic") bomb released an amount of energy approximately equal to 20,000 tonTNT . The first thermonuclear ("hydrogen") bomb test released energy approximately equal to 10 e6tonTNT . A thermonuclear weapon weighing little more than 2400 lb can release energy equal to more than 1.2 e6tonTNT . A nuclear device no larger than traditional bombs can devastate an entire city by blast, fire, and radiation. Since they are weapons of mass destruction, the proliferation of nuclear weapons is a focus of international relations policy.

neg: John Challens Wallace John Challens, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (14 May 1915 – 1 March 2002) was a British scientist and civil servant. A graduate of University College, Nottingham, he began working at the Royal Arsenal in Woolwich in 1936. In 1939, he was transferred to the rocket department. After the defeat of Germany, he was sent to the United States as part of the British Scientific Mission to work on the V-1 flying bomb and the V-2 rocket. On returning to the United Kingdom in 1947, he was recruited by William Penney for the British atomic bomb project. He led the team that developed the firing circuits for the bomb used in Operation "Hurricane", the first British nuclear test. He later developed a neutron generator. He took part in most of the British nuclear tests at Maralinga, and was the scientific director of the Operation "Grapple" tests in 1957. He subsequently became the AWRE's Assistant Director in 1965, Deputy Director in 1972, and Director from 1976 until his retirement in 1978.

neg: British contribution to the Manhattan Project Britain contributed to the Manhattan Project by helping initiate the effort to build the first atomic bombs in the United States during World War II, and helped carry it through to completion in August 1945 by supplying crucial expertise. Following the discovery of nuclear fission in uranium, scientists Rudolf Peierls and Otto Frisch at the University of Birmingham calculated, in March 1940, that the critical mass of a metallic sphere of pure uranium-235 was as little as 1 to , and would explode with the power of thousands of tons of dynamite. The Frisch–Peierls memorandum prompted Britain to create an atomic bomb project, known as Tube Alloys. Mark Oliphant, an Australian physicist working in Britain, was instrumental in making the results of the British MAUD Report known in the United States in 1941 by a visit in person. Initially the British project was larger and more advanced, but after the United States entered the war, the American project soon outstripped and dwarfed its British counterpart. The British government then decided to shelve its own nuclear ambitions, and participate in the American project.

neg: Uranium-232 Uranium-232 ( U , U , U-232) is an isotope of uranium. It has a half-life of 68.9 years and is a side product in the thorium cycle. It has been cited as an obstacle to nuclear proliferation using U as the fissile material, because the intense gamma radiation emitted by Tl (a daughter of U, produced relatively quickly) makes the U contaminated with it more difficult to handle.

neg: MAUD Committee The MAUD Committee was founded by Winston Churchill, in response to Rudolf Peierls and Otto Frisch's memorandum, in June 1940. Their memorandum was a discussion of the potential relative ease of obtaining a nuclear bomb, compared to earlier projections. All the work in the Frisch-Peierls Memorandum was purely theoretical, so the purpose of the MAUD committee was to do the research required for what Frisch and Peierls called a super bomb. The MAUD Committee investigated if applying nuclear technology to make a bomb was, in reality, feasible. The chair of the committee was Thomson. Each university where research was being done had a commander as well. All the research finally culminated, after fifteen months, in two reports - 'Use of Uranium for a Bomb' and 'Use of Uranium as a source of power' - known collectively as the MAUD report. These reports discussed the necessity of a super-bomb for the war effort. In order to research this further, the British created their own nuclear program officially named Tube Alloys.

neg: Amasa Stone Bishop Amasa Stone Bishop (1921 – May 21, 1997) was an American nuclear physicist specializing in fusion physics. He received his B.S. in Physics from the California Institute of Technology in 1943. From 1943 to 1946 he was a member of the staff of Radiation Laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he was involved with radar research and development. Later, he became a staff member of the University of California at Berkeley from 1946 to 1950. Specializing in high energy particle work, he earned his Ph.D. in Physics in 1950.


query: Are Right On! and The Family Handyman both teen magazines?

pos: Right On! Right On! was an American teen magazine first published by the Laufer Company in 1972 with editor/creator Judy Wieder and art director William Cragun. It continued publishing to c. 2011 and focused on African-American celebrities.

pos: The Family Handyman The Family Handyman is an American home-improvement magazine, owned by Trusted Media Brands, Inc.

neg: Handyman (TV series) Handyman is an Australian television series which aired on Melbourne station HSV-7 from 1957 to 1958. Originally hosted by Jack Easton, it was later hosted by Colin Burns. It aired live, and consisted of "hints to the home handyman". It aired in a 15-minute time-slot on Sundays, later moved to Saturdays. It is not known if any of these episodes were kinescoped.

neg: Yes! (U.S. magazine) Yes! is a non-profit, ad-free magazine that covers topics of social justice, environmental sustainability, alternative economics, and peace. The magazine is published by Positive Futures Network, founded by David Korten and Sarah van Gelder; Korten's wife, Fran Korten, is the publisher. The first issue of the magazine was published in winter 1997. It has ISSN 1089-6651  and sn 96044464.

neg: Car Mechanics Car Mechanics is a British motoring magazine published monthly by Bauer Media in Peterborough and edited by Martyn Knowles who took over in 2008 from long standing editor Peter Simpson. It is aimed at DIY motorists and the motor repair trade. The coverage ranges across all major car manufacturers and models sold in the UK chiefly in the last five to thirty years. It is the only news stand magazine of this type covering servicing, repair and restoration, with its nearest equivalent "Practical Motorist" having ceased publication in 1997.

neg: Where Do Teenagers Come From? Where Do Teenagers Come From? was an American television teen comedy/documentary that aired as an "ABC Afterschool Special" on March 5, 1980. The live action/animation program was produced by DePatie-Freleng Enterprises and was a sequel to the 1977 program "My Mom's Having a Baby." The special was notable for its signature song "Growing Up," written by Doug Goodwin.

neg: Teen sitcom A teen situation comedy, or teen sitcom, is a subgenre of comedic television programs targeted towards preteens and teenagers. In general, these type of programs focus primarily on characters between 13 and 19 years of age and routinely feature characters involved in humorous situations (either realistic or fantasy in style, depending on the program's plotline), and often focus on the characters' family and social lives. The primary plot of each episode often involves the lead character(s) that the program centers on, while secondary plotlines often focus on the character(s') parents, siblings (assuming the main character has any and they are not one of the leads) or friends – although the secondary characters may also or instead be involved in the episode's main plot.

neg: National Lampoon (magazine) National Lampoon was an American humor magazine which ran from 1970 to 1998. The magazine started out as a spinoff from the "Harvard Lampoon". "National Lampoon" magazine reached its height of popularity and critical acclaim during the late 1970s, when it had a far-reaching effect on American humor and comedy. The magazine spawned films, radio, live theatre, various sound recordings, and print products including books. Many members of the creative staff from the magazine subsequently went on to contribute creatively to successful media of all types.

neg: Handyman Superstar Challenge Handyman Superstar Challenge (also referred to as Superstar Handyman Challenge from the show's first season logo) is a television game show on HGTV Canada, hosted by Karen Bertelsen. The show seeks to find the best handyman in Canada, with the winner originally being awarded the opportunity to host a show on HGTV in the first season, though no prize is explicitly mentioned in subsequent years. However, the winner of "Handyman Superstar Challenge" is traditionally given a guest appearance in a Mike Holmes television series ("Holmes on Homes" or "Holmes Inspection"; "Holmes in New Orleans" did not feature any "Handyman Superstar Challenge" contestants).

neg: Nickelodeon on CBS Nick on CBS (also known as Nick Jr. on CBS) was an American Saturday morning children's programming block that ran on CBS from September 16, 2000 to September 9, 2006. The block featured programming from Nickelodeon, which was a sister cable television property to CBS under Viacom for the majority of the block's run.

neg: Hi Honey, I'm Home! Hi Honey, I'm Home! is an American television sitcom that ran from July 19, 1991, to July 12, 1992 for 13 episodes. Each week, a new episode of the series aired on ABC as part of its Friday night "TGIF" lineup. The same episode would re-air Sunday night on Nickelodeon as part of the channel's Nick at Nite lineup. ABC stopped airing the series after the sixth episode of the first season. The show's second and final season only aired on Nick at Nite before being canceled in July 1992. The series was taped before a live audience in Nickelodeon Studios at Universal Studios Florida.

neg: Boomerang! (audio magazine) Boomerang! is a monthly audio magazine for children. The magazine is based in San Francisco, California.

neg: Jack, Jacky and the Juniors Jack, Jacky & the Juniors (Jan Jans en de Kinderen) is a Dutch comic strip originally made by Jan Kruis for women's weekly magazine "Libelle". It chronicles the events of an average family and runs since 1970. Since 1999 the gags are made by Studio Kruis.

neg: Turkey Television Turkey Television is a Canadian teen sketch comedy originally aired on Nickelodeon. The show was created by Roger Price and Geraldine Laybourne at the request of Nickelodeon in response to the popularity of "You Can't Do That on Television", another Canadian children's sketch comedy airing on Nick. It was originally broadcast in 1985 for one season.

neg: Teenage Magazine Arbitration Panel The Teenage Magazine Arbitration Panel is a British magazine industry self-regulatory body that creates guidelines related to magazines where more than 25 per cent of the readership are aged under 16. The panel's guidelies state "readers will always be encouraged to take a responsible attitude to sex".

neg: Seventeen (American magazine) Seventeen is an American magazine for teenagers. The magazine's reader base is 13-to-19-year-old females. It began as a publication geared towards inspiring teen girls to become model workers and citizens. Soon after its debut, "Seventeen" took a more fashion and romance-oriented approach in presenting its material while promoting self-confidence in young women. It was first published in September 1944 by Walter Annenberg's Triangle Publications.

neg: Top of the Pops (magazine) Top of the Pops magazine is a British monthly publication published by Immediate Media Company. It features chart information, star gossip, fashion and beauty advice, quizzes, song lyrics and posters. It was a supplementary magazine for the BBC television programme "Top of the Pops", which stopped producing weekly shows in 2006. The magazine and TV show have since diverged and now have distinctive identities.

neg: Canada's Worst Handyman Canada's Worst Handyman is a Canadian television series broadcast on Discovery Channel. The show is produced by Proper Television, and shares its production with "Canada's Worst Driver", including executive producer Guy O'Sullivan and host Andrew Younghusband. The series is based on a one-off 2004 episode of the "Britain's Worst" series, titled "Britain's Worst DIYer". Like sister series "Canada's Worst Driver", there have been similar adaptations in other English-speaking countries, in the US in 2011, with "America's 10 Worst DIYers", in Britain with a "Britain's Worst" 2005 spin-off series, "Britain's Worst DIYer". Six seasons of the show have been completed.

neg: Scholastic Parent & Child Parent & Child Magazine was a magazine published by Scholastic. The award-winning magazine was founded in 1993 as Scholastic's contribution to the parenting magazine category. Competitors included "Parents" and "FamilyFun". "Parent & Child" highlighted the following editorial topics: activities and crafts, reading and education, children's development, health, and wellness, family recipes, and family time. The magazine also produced a kids website and a free mobile app, KidQ. Jane Nussbaum was editor in chief since 2013. According to an announcement from Cision, "Scholastic Parent & Child" ceased publication with its August/September 2015 issue being its last."

neg: Switch Girl!! Switch Girl!! (Japanese: スイッチガール!! , Hepburn: Suitchi Gāru!! ) is a Japanese teen comedy "shōjo" manga series with story and art by Natsumi Aida. It was serialized on "Margaret" by Shueisha. It was adapted into a romantic comedy television drama series.

neg: Canada's Handyman Challenge Canada's Handyman Challenge is a Canadian reality game show. The series premiered on January 10, 2012, on HGTV Canada. Canada's Handyman Challenge is the successor to HGTV's previous series, "Handyman Superstar Challenge", similar in format to the All American Handyman sister show.

neg: Really Me Really Me is a Canadian teen situation comedy series airing on Family. It premiered on April 22, 2011 and on VRAK.TV on August 31, 2011. On June 13, 2011, Family announced that the series was being renewed for a second season, which premiered on October 5, 2012. There is no season 3 planned for the series at this time (according to FRESH TV). The last episode aired April 5, 2013 in Canada. It started airing on Netflix in the United States June 15, 2015.


query: What actress from the 1999 movie The Virgin Suicides has won two golden globes and been nominated for an academy award?

pos: The Virgin Suicides (film) The Virgin Suicides is a 1999 American drama film written and directed by Sofia Coppola, co-produced by Francis Ford Coppola, and starring James Woods, Kathleen Turner, Kirsten Dunst, Josh Hartnett, and A. J. Cook. The film also features Scott Glenn and Danny DeVito in minor roles, and a voice narration by Giovanni Ribisi.

pos: Kathleen Turner Mary Kathleen Turner (born June 19, 1954), better known as Kathleen Turner, is an American film and stage actress and director. Known for her distinctive husky voice, Turner has won two Golden Globe Awards and has been nominated for an Academy Award.

neg: Bonita Granville Bonita Granville (February 2, 1923 – October 11, 1988) was an American film actress and television producer. She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress in 1936 for her performance in "These Three".

neg: Linda Hunt Lydia Susanna Hunter (born April 2, 1945), better known by her stage name Linda Hunt, is an American film, stage, and television actress. After making her film debut playing Mrs. Oxheart in "Popeye" (1980), Hunt's breakthrough came playing the male character Billy Kwan in "The Year of Living Dangerously" (1982), for which she won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress, becoming the first person to win an Oscar portraying a character of the opposite sex.

neg: Ingrid Bergman Ingrid Bergman (] ; 29 August 191529 August 1982) was a Swedish actress who starred in a variety of European and American films. She won three Academy Awards, two Emmy Awards, four Golden Globe Awards, a BAFTA Award, and the Tony Award for Best Actress. She is best remembered for her roles as Ilsa Lund in "Casablanca" (1942) and as Alicia Huberman in "Notorious" (1946), an Alfred Hitchcock thriller starring Cary Grant and Claude Rains.

neg: Sylvia Miles Sylvia Miles is an American film, stage and television actress, twice nominated for an Academy Award.

neg: Jessica Lange Jessica Phyllis Lange ( ; born April 20, 1949) is an American actress who has received worldwide acclaim for her work in film, theater, and television. The recipient of several awards, including two Academy Awards, one Tony Award, three Emmy Awards, five Golden Globe Awards, one Screen Actors Guild Award, and three Dorian Awards; in 1998, "Entertainment Weekly" listed Lange among the 25 Greatest Actresses of the 1990s. In 2016, Lange became the twenty-second thespian in history to achieve the Triple Crown of Acting.

neg: Melinda Dillon Melinda Ruth Dillon (born October 13, 1939) is an American actress. She received a 1963 Tony Award nomination for her Broadway debut in the original production of "Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?", and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her roles as Jillian Guiler in "Close Encounters of the Third Kind" (1977) and Teresa in "Absence of Malice" (1981). Her other film appearances include "Bound for Glory" (1976), "F.I.S.T." (1978), "A Christmas Story" (1983), "Harry and the Hendersons" (1987), "The Prince of Tides" (1991) and "Magnolia" (1999).

neg: Amy Madigan Amy Marie Madigan (born September 11, 1950) is an American actress, producer, and singer. She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for the 1985 film "Twice in a Lifetime". Her other film credits include "Love Child" (1982), "Places in the Heart" (1984), "Field of Dreams" (1989), "Uncle Buck" (1989), "The Dark Half" (1993), "Pollock" (2000), and "Gone Baby Gone" (2007). Madigan won the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress on Television and was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie for her portrayal of Sarah Weddington in the 1989 television film "Roe vs. Wade".

neg: Patricia Clarkson Patricia Davies Clarkson (born December 29, 1959) is an American actress. She has starred in many leading and supporting roles in films such as "The Station Agent", "The Pledge", "The Green Mile", "Far from Heaven", "High Art", "Dogville", "Good Night, and Good Luck", "Easy A", and "Cairo Time". She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress and the Golden Globe for her performance in "Pieces of April" (2003). She twice won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series for her recurring role in "Six Feet Under". In 2015, she was nominated for a Tony Award for her performance in "The Elephant Man".

neg: Pam Grier Pamela Suzette Grier (born May 26, 1949) is an American actress. She became known in the early 1970s for starring in a string of women in prison and blaxploitation films like "The Big Bird Cage" (1972), "Coffy" (1973), "Foxy Brown" (1974) and "Sheba Baby" (1975). She starred in Quentin Tarantino's film "Jackie Brown", for which she received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actress. She has also been nominated for a SAG Award as well as a Satellite Award for her performance in "Jackie Brown". Grier is also known for her work on television; for 6 seasons she portrayed Kate 'Kit' Porter on the television series "The L Word". She received an Emmy Award nomination for her work in the animated program "". Rotten Tomatoes has ranked her as the second greatest female action heroine in film history. Director Quentin Tarantino remarked that she may have been cinema's first female action star.

neg: Uma Thurman Uma Karuna Thurman (born April 29, 1970) is an American actress and model. She has performed in a variety of films, ranging from romantic comedies and dramas to science fiction and action movies. Following her appearances on the December 1985 and May 1986 covers of British "Vogue", she starred in "Dangerous Liaisons" (1988). Thurman rose to international prominence with her performance in Quentin Tarantino's "Pulp Fiction" (1994), for which she was nominated for the Academy Award, the BAFTA Award, and the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress. She starred in several more films throughout the 1990s such as "Batman & Robin" (1997), "Gattaca" (1997), and "Les Misérables" (1998).

neg: Jane Fonda filmography Jane Fonda is an American actress, writer and former fashion model. She has won an Academy Award twice, for "Klute" in 1971 and "Coming Home" in 1978. The following is her complete filmography.

neg: Andrea Marcovicci Andrea Louisa Marcovicci (born November 18, 1948) is an American actress and singer.

neg: Berlin Film Festival Award for Best Actress The Silver Bear for Best Actress (German: "Silberner Bär/Beste Darstellerin" ) is the Berlin International Film Festival's award for achievement in performance by an actress. It is selected by the jury of the festival for films in the official competition slate. The award was first presented in 1956, and can be for lead or supporting roles. The award was not presented in 1969, 1970, 1973, and 1974. Sachiko Hidari won the award for two films in the 1964 competition. In 2011 the award was given to the entire female cast of "A Separation". Shirley MacLaine is the only actress that has won the award more than once.

neg: Grace Moore Grace Moore (December 5, 1898January 26, 1947) was an American operatic soprano and actress in musical theatre and film. She was nicknamed the "Tennessee Nightingale." Her films helped to popularize opera by bringing it to a larger audience. She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in "One Night of Love".

neg: Mare Winningham Mary Megan "Mare" Winningham ( ; born May 16, 1959) is an American actress and singer-songwriter. An eight-time Emmy Award nominee, she won Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or Movie for "Amber Waves" in 1980 and "George Wallace" in 1998. She was also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for the 1995 film "Georgia".

neg: Lady Rowlands Lady Rowlands (born Mary Allen Neal; April 12, 1904 – May 28, 1999) was an American film actress. Most of her work came in the films of John Cassavetes, who was married to her daughter, the Academy Award-nominated and four-time Emmy Award-winning actress Gena Rowlands.

neg: Mary Steenburgen Mary Nell Steenburgen (born February 8, 1953) is an American actress. She won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress and Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress for playing the role of Lynda Dummar in Jonathan Demme's 1980 film "Melvin and Howard".

neg: Marcia Gay Harden Marcia Gay Harden (born August 14, 1959) is an American actress. Her film breakthrough was in the 1990 Coen brothers-directed "Miller's Crossing". She followed this with roles in films including "Used People" (1992), "The First Wives Club" (1996), and "Flubber" (1997). For her performance as artist Lee Krasner in the 2000 film "Pollock", she won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. She earned another Academy Award nomination for her performance as Celeste Boyle in "Mystic River" (2003). Other notable film roles include "American Gun" (2005), and 2007's "The Mist" and "Into the Wild".

neg: Danielle Rose Russell Danielle Rose Russell (born October 31, 1999) is an American actress. She is known for playing supporting roles in films such as "A Walk Among the Tombstones" (2014), "Aloha" (2015), "Pandemic" (2016) and "Wonder" (2017).

neg: Helena Kallianiotes Helena Kallianiotes (born March 24, 1938) is a Greek-American film actress. In 1973 was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture for her role as Jackie Burdette in "Kansas City Bomber".


query: Which English colony settled in 1607 has a hunting lodge on it named after a naval victory?

pos: Porto Bello (Williamsburg, Virginia) Porto Bello was the hunting lodge of the last Royal Governor of the British Colony of Virginia, John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore. The name commemorates the battle of Porto Bello, a 1739 British naval victory in Panama. Lord Dunmore fled to Porto Bello to escape the early stages of the American Revolution in Williamsburg, Virginia. He later boarded a British ship lying at anchor near Porto Bello in the York River.

pos: Colony of Virginia The Colony of Virginia, chartered in 1606 and settled in 1607, was the first enduring English colony in North America, following failed proprietary attempts at settlement on Newfoundland by Sir Humphrey Gilbert in 1583, and the subsequent further south Roanoke Island (modern eastern North Carolina) by Sir Walter Raleigh in the late 1580s.

neg: John Winthrop John Winthrop (12 January 1587/88 – 26 March 1649) was an English Puritan lawyer and one of the leading figures in founding the Massachusetts Bay Colony, the second major settlement in New England, following Plymouth Colony. Winthrop led the first large wave of immigrants from England in 1630 and served as governor for 12 of the colony's first 20 years. His writings and vision of the colony as a Puritan "city upon a hill" dominated New England colonial development, influencing the governments and religions of neighboring colonies.

neg: Winthrop Society The Winthrop Society is a hereditary organization made up of the descendants of emigrants who arrived in New England on the Winthrop Fleet, forming the Massachusetts colony, or other Great Migration ships before 1634.

neg: English Harbour English Harbour is a natural harbour and settlement on the island of Antigua, in the extreme south of the island. The settlement takes its name from the nearby harbour in which the Royal Navy established its base of operations for the area during the eighteenth century. Its population is 759 (2001 Census).

neg: Roger Ludlow Roger Ludlow (1590–1664) was an English lawyer, magistrate, military officer, and colonist. He was active in the founding of the Colony of Connecticut, and helped draft laws for it and the nearby Massachusetts Bay Colony. Under his and John Mason's direction, Boston's first fortification, later known as Castle William and then Fort Independence was built on Castle Island in Boston harbor. Frequently at odds with his peers, he eventually also founded Fairfield and Norwalk before leaving New England entirely.

neg: Watts' West Indies and Virginia expedition Watts' West Indies and Virginia expedition also known as the Action of Cape Tiburon was an English expedition to the Spanish Main during the Anglo–Spanish War. The expedition began on 10 May and ended by 18 July 1590 and was commanded by Abraham Cocke and Christopher Newport. This was financed by the highly renowned London merchant John Watts. The English ships intercepted and dispersed Spanish convoys capturing, sinking and grounding a large number of ships off the Spanish colonies of Hispaniola, Cuba and Jamaica. Despite losing an arm Newport was victorious and captured a good haul of booty. A breakaway expedition from this discovered that the Roanoke colony was completely deserted and which gave the name "The Lost Colony".

neg: Gurnet Point, Massachusetts Gurnet Point, also known as The Gurnet, is located at the end of the peninsula at the entrance to Plymouth Bay in Plymouth, Massachusetts, and is a headland and the small private settlement located on it. The Pilgrims who settled Plymouth in 1620 named it Gurnett’s Nose for its resemblance to headlands in the English Channel where "gurnett" fish were plentiful. The Gurnet (pronounced "gurn-it" with the accent on the first syllable) is the home of Plymouth (Gurnet) Lighthouse as well as of Fort Andrew from the Revolutionary War. Its only access by land is from the Powder Point Bridge at Duxbury Beach 5 miles to the north by foot or by 4-wheel drive beach buggies, but access is restricted to property owners, residents and their guests, except for once a year on Memorial Day when the lighthouse is open to the public.

neg: Thomas Wellbourne Thomas Wellborn (also: Welbourn, Welbourne, Wellbourne), son of John Wellborn II, was born in Accomack County, Virginia in 1640 and died in 1702. He served as Captain in the King's Militia, and in the Virginia House of Burgesses from 1699 to 1702. He was also a member of the Board of Justices. In 1678, he became the first English settler to claim land on the Fox Islands in Chesapeake Bay, patenting 83 acre on Little Fox Island. He had a son, William, who served as a soldier in the Revolutionary War.

neg: Cuper's Cove Cuper's Cove, on the southwest shore of Conception Bay on Newfoundland's Avalon Peninsula was an early English settlement in the New World, and the second one after Jamestown, Virginia to endure for longer than a year. It was established in 1610 by John Guy on behalf of Bristol's Society of Merchant Venturers, who had been given a charter by King James I of England to establish a colony on the island of Newfoundland. Most of the settlers left in the 1620s, but apparently a few stayed on and the site was continuously inhabited.

neg: Daniel Elfrith Daniel Elfrith (fl. 1607–1641) was a 17th-century English privateer, colonist and slave trader. In the service of the Earl of Warwick, Elfrith was involved in privateering expeditions against the Spanish from his base in Bermuda. He was particularly known for capturing Spanish slave ships bound for the Spanish Main and selling the slaves himself to rival colonies in the Caribbean and the American colonies.

neg: Popham Beach Popham Beach is a sandy beach in Maine that extends southwest from Fort Popham, at the mouth of the Kennebec River, toward the mouth of the Morse River. It is near the site of the short-lived Popham Colony, founded in 1607 and abandoned the following year. The beach and the surrounding area are considered part of the town of Phippsburg in Sagadahoc County.

neg: Jamestown Colonists On May 14, 1607, the Virginia Company later known as the Jamestown Settlement Colony was first permanent English settlement on the banks of the Jamestown River in North America.

neg: Battle of the Narrow Seas The Battle of the Narrow Seas, also known as the Battle of the Goodwin Sands or Battle of the Dover Straits was a naval engagement that took place on the 3–4 October 1602 during the Anglo-Spanish War of 1585 and part of the Dutch Revolt. An English fleet under Sir Robert Mansell intercepted and attacked six Spanish galleys under the command of Federico Spinola; in the Dover Straits and was fought all the way off from the coast of England and finally off the Spanish Netherlands. The English were soon joined by a Dutch fleet under Jan Adriaanszoon Cant and they completed the destruction.

neg: Edward Montagu, 1st Earl of Sandwich Edward Montagu, 1st Earl of Sandwich, KG, FRS (27 July 1625 – 28 May 1672) was an English landowner and Infantry officer who later became a naval officer and a politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1645 and 1660. He served Oliver Cromwell loyally in the 1650s, but went on to play a considerable part in the Restoration of Charles II, and was rewarded with several Court offices. He served as the English Ambassador to Portugal 1661-1662, and Ambassador to Spain 1666-1668. He became an Admiral, serving in the two Anglo-Dutch Wars in the reign of Charles II, and was killed at the Battle of Solebay. Our best picture of him is contained in the diary of Samuel Pepys, who was his cousin and protégé.

neg: Bristol in the English Civil War During the English Civil War (1642–1651), Bristol was a key port on the west coast of England and considered strategically important by both Royalists and Parliamentarians. Initially, the leadership of Bristol wanted to keep the city neutral in the conflict. In 1642, city officials implored Thomas Essex not to occupy the city with his Parliamentarian forces. The city was weakly defended, and Essex entered without much resistance. During the conflict, Bristol was used as a receiving point for the Royalists to accept reinforcements from Ireland. The town was well fortified by the Frome and Avon rivers, as well as a medieval castle, which had been bought by the corporation when the First English Civil War broke out in 1642, and during the Parliamentary defense, earthen artillery forts.

neg: John Mason (governor) Captain John Mason (1586–1635) was a sailor and colonizer born at King's Lynn, Norfolk, England, and educated at Peterhouse, Cambridge. He was appointed the second Proprietary Governor of Newfoundland's Cuper's Cove colony in 1615, succeeding John Guy. Mason arrived on the island in 1616 and explored much of the territory. He compiled a map of the island and wrote and published a short tract (or "Discourse") of his findings.

neg: Dominion of New England The Dominion of New England in America (1686–89) was an administrative union of English colonies covering New England and the Mid-Atlantic Colonies (except for the Colony of Pennsylvania). Its political structure represented centralized control similar to the model used by the Spanish monarchy through the Viceroyalty of New Spain. The dominion was unacceptable to most colonists, because they deeply resented being stripped of their rights and having their colonial charter revoked. Governor Sir Edmund Andros tried to make legal and structural changes, but most of these were undone and the Dominion was overthrown as soon as word was received that King James had left the throne in England. One notable change was the introduction of the Church of England into Massachusetts, whose Puritan leaders had previously refused to allow it any sort of foothold.

neg: Cambriol Cambriol or New Cambriol was the name given to one of North America's early English colonies established by Sir William Vaughan (1575–1641). The area Vaughan had purchased from the Company of Adventurers to Newfoundland in 1616 was all that land on the Avalon Peninsula located south of a line drawn from Caplin Bay (now Calvert) to Placentia Bay (near present-day Gooseberry Cove). Vaughan had called the area New Cambriol — "a little Wales" in the New World. In his book "The Golden Fleece", an allegory in praise of his colony, makes the following assertion concerning Cambriol:

neg: Fort Loyal Fort Loyal was a British settler refuge and colonial outpost built in 1678 at Falmouth (present-day Portland, Maine) in Casco Bay. It was destroyed in 1690 by Abenaki and French forces at the Battle of Fort Loyal. The fort was rebuilt in 1742 and renamed Falmouth Fort before King George's War and rearmed again in 1755 for the French and Indian War. The fort was rebuilt a final time in 1775 for the American Revolution.

neg: Christopher Newport Christopher Newport (1561–1617) was an English seaman and privateer. He is best known as the captain of the "Susan Constant", the largest of three ships which carried settlers for the Virginia Company in 1607 on the way to found the settlement at Jamestown in the Virginia Colony, which became the first permanent English settlement in North America. He was also in overall command of the other two ships on that initial voyage, in order of their size, the "Godspeed" and the "Discovery".

neg: Battle of Cartagena de Indias (1586) The Battle of Cartagena de Indias (1586) or the Capture of Cartagena de Indias was a military and naval action fought on 9–11 February 1586, of the recently declared Anglo-Spanish War that resulted in the assault and capture by English soldiers and sailors of the Spanish city of Cartagena de Indias governed by Pedro de Bustos on the Spanish Main. The English were led by Francis Drake. The raid was part of his "Great Expedition" to the Spanish New World. The English soldiers then occupied the city for over two months and captured much booty along with a ransom before departing on 12 April.


query: What was Samuel Sloan's most famous building located in Natchez, Mississippi?

pos: Samuel Sloan (architect) Samuel Sloan (March 7, 1815 – July 19, 1884) was a Philadelphia-based architect and best-selling author of architecture books in the mid-19th century. He specialized in Italianate villas and country houses, churches, and institutional buildings. His most famous building—the octagonal mansion "Longwood" in Natchez, Mississippi—is unfinished; construction was abandoned during the American Civil War.

pos: Longwood (Natchez, Mississippi) Longwood, also known as Nutt's Folly, is an historic antebellum octagonal mansion located at 140 Lower Woodville Road in Natchez, Mississippi, United States. The mansion is on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places, and is a National Historic Landmark. Longwood is the largest octagonal house in the United States.

neg: Sloan Museum The Sloan Museum is a public museum located within the Flint Cultural Center in Flint, Michigan. The museum specializes in the local history of Genesee County and the Flint area, particularly in connection with the rise and decline of the local auto industry. The museum, named in honor of longtime General Motors chief executive officer Alfred P. Sloan, operates a cycle of special exhibitions and celebrations.

neg: Stanton Hall Stanton Hall, also known as Belfast, is an Antebellum Classical Revival mansion at 401 High Street in Natchez, Mississippi. Built in the 1850s, it is one of the most opulent antebellum mansions to survive in the southeastern United States. It is now operated as a historic house museum by the Pilgrimage Garden Club. The house was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1974 and a Mississippi Landmark in 1995.

neg: Elms Court Elms Court is a historic mansion in Natchez, Mississippi.

neg: Charnley-Norwood House The Charnley-Norwood House is a summer (winter) cottage designed by architects Louis Sullivan and Frank Lloyd Wright in 1890 in Ocean Springs, Mississippi on the Mississippi Gulf Coast. The home was built as a vacation residence for James Charnley, a wealthy Chicago lumber baron, and its style represents an important change in American residential architecture known as Prairie School.

neg: Fort Rosalie Fort Rosalie was a French fort built in 1716 in the territory of the Natchez Native Americans. The present-day city of Natchez, Mississippi, developed at this site. As part of the peace terms that ended the Natchez War of 1716, Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne, Sieur de Bienville required the Natchez to build the fort by providing materials and labor. Sited close to the main Natchez settlement, called the Grand Village of the Natchez, Fort Rosalie served as the primary French stronghold and trading post among the Natchez.

neg: Mississippi State Capitol The Mississippi State Capitol in Jackson, Mississippi, is the state capitol building of the U.S. state of Mississippi, housing the Mississippi Legislature. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1969, and designated a Mississippi Landmark in 1986 and a National Historic Landmark in 2016.

neg: United States Courthouse (Natchez) The United States Courthouse, previously known as Institute Hall, Opera Hall, and Memorial Hall, is a building in Natchez, Mississippi that was initially constructed from 1851 to 1853, for use as an educational building. It has served a variety of public purposes in the intervening years. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. In 2007, it was rededicated as a courthouse of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Mississippi.

neg: Sloan-Raymond-Fitch House The Sloan-Raymond-Fitch House is a historic house at 224 Danbury Road in Wilton, Connecticut. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, five bays wide, with a side gable roof and a large central chimney. A smaller two-story ell extends to the rear. The main block is evaluated to have been built sometime between 1760 and 1780, based on the construction methods used, while the ell is believed to be an older structure. The building has undergone some form of restorative work on several occasions, but has retained a significant amount of its original workmanship, and is a well-preserved 18th-century structure. The house has been moved from its original location. It is now on the same property as the Betts-Sturges-Blackmar House, and is part of a museum complex operated by the Wilton Historical Society.

neg: Fair Oaks (Natchez, Mississippi) Fair Oaks is a historic house in Natchez, Mississippi, USA.

neg: The Burn (Natchez, Mississippi) The Burn, a house built in 1834, is the oldest documented Greek Revival residence in Natchez, Mississippi. It was built on a knoll to the north of the old town area of Natchez. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

neg: First Presbyterian Church of Natchez First Presbyterian Church of Natchez is a historic church at 117 S. Pearl Street in Natchez, Mississippi. It was built in 1830 and added to the National Register in 1978. It also became a contributing property to the Natchez On-Top-of-the-Hill Historic District in 1979.

neg: Columbia Springs Columbia Springs, also known as "Stovall's Springs," was an early hotel and health spa located on Pearl River near Columbia, Mississippi. Built by proprietor Charles Stovall early in the 19th century, it was the most famous health retreat in South Mississippi during the period, mostly catering to the aristocracy of the region. Planters, politicians, merchants and attorneys alike were drawn from as far away as New Orleans, Louisiana, and Natchez, Mississippi, likely paving the way for the hotel's temporary status as Mississippi state capital in 1821. Unfortunately, a gentleman's disagreement occurring at the hotel ultimately led to two separate dueling incidents, which likely contributed to the decline of the establishment.

neg: Southworth House (Greenwood, Mississippi) The Southworth House at 1108 Mississippi Ave. in Greenwood, Mississippi was built in 1922. It was a work of local architect Frank R. McGeoy. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1985.

neg: Flowers Building The Flowers Building is a historic building constructed in 1902 in Columbus, Georgia. Its Chicago style design is by architect T. Firth Lockwood. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980 as the Columbian Lodge No. 7 Free and Accepted Masons.

neg: Glenfield Plantation Glenfield Plantation (originally called Glencannon) is a one-level historic antebellum home in Natchez, Mississippi. Glenfield was built in two distinct architectural periods on a British land grant originally deeded to Henry LeFluer by King George III originally with 400 acres which grew to a 2000 acre working cotton plantation through various ownerships, circa 1774-1812 and 1845-1858. Glenfield was declared on the National Register of Historic Places in Mississippi in 1990.

neg: Lansdowne (Natchez, Mississippi) Lansdowne is a historic mansion that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Natchez, Adams County, Mississippi. It was originally built as the owner's residence on a 727-acre antebellum plantation, and is still owned and occupied by the descendants of the builder.

neg: Salisbury Plantation (Woodville, Mississippi) The Salisbury Plantation is a Southern plantation with a historic house located in Woodville, Mississippi, USA. The one-story house was built circa 1811. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since June 16, 1983.

neg: Tennessee Manufacturing Company The Tennessee Manufacturing Company is a complex of six historic buildings in Nashville, Tennessee, USA. They were built from 1869 to 1953. The company was founded by Samuel Morgan. The buildings have been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since June 25, 1999.

neg: Natchez District The Natchez District was one of two areas established in the Kingdom of Great Britain's West Florida colony during the 1770sthe other being the Tombigbee District. The first Anglo settlers in the district came primarily from other parts of British America. The district was recognized to be the area east of the Mississippi River from Bayou Sara in the south (presently St. Francisville, Louisiana) and Bayou Pierre in the north (presently Port Gibson, Mississippi). Today, this area corresponds roughly with and includes most of the lands south of Interstate 20 and west of Interstate 55 in the state of Mississippi, in the southwest corner of the state.

neg: Dumas Commercial Historic District The Dumas Commercial Historic District encompasses the historic commercial heart of the rural community of Dumas, Arkansas, in the Mississippi River delta region of southeastern Arkansas. The town of Dumas was established in 1904, after the St. Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern Railway was built through the farm of William Dumas. The town's oldest surviving commercial building, the Porter Grocery, was one of several built by David Porter between 1905 and 1938. The historic district includes eight noteworthy buildings, including the Merchants & Farmers Bank building, a Colonial Revival National Register-listed building designed by Charles L. Thompson. All of the buildings occupy a single city block of South Main Street, between Choctaw and Waterman Streets. Most of the buildings of interest were built in the 1920s, and are vernacular brick commercial buildings.