query: On what channel did the hit series starring the author of the book "How Not to Die" appear?

pos: How Not to Die How Not to Die: Surprising Lessons on Living forever, Safer, and Healthier from America’s Favorite Medical Examiner is a book about safe and healthy living written by Jan Garavaglia, aka "Dr. G", who is Chief Medical Examiner for the District Nine (Orange-Osceola) Medical Examiner's Office in Florida.

pos: Jan Garavaglia Jan Carla Garavaglia (born September 14, 1956), better known as "Dr. G", served as the Chief Medical Examiner for Orange and Osceola counties in Orlando, Florida from 2004 until her retirement in May 2015. She starred in the hit series "" on the Discovery Health Channel which first aired in July 2004 and ran until 2012. Repeats of the show are aired on the Discovery Life Channel and Justice Network. The show is ranked No. 1 for Discovery Health and is also broadcast in Australia, Europe, South America and South Africa. Garavaglia has appeared on The Oprah Winfrey Show, Larry King Live, The Rachael Ray Show, The Doctors and The Dr. Oz Show.

neg: How Not to Behave How Not to Behave is an Australian television comedy series on ABC, hosted by Gretel Killeen and Matt Okine. The 15-part series is based on a Swedish format which examines etiquette and manners. The series premiered on 15 July 2015.

neg: Julie Farr, M.D. Julie Farr, M.D. (a.k.a. Having Babies) is an American television show that aired on the ABC network in 1978. It followed three television movies called "Having Babies" which aired from 1976–78, and was not renewed after its initial run of episodes aired in March–April 1978. The show began airing as "Having Babies" but was renamed "Julie Farr, M.D." during its run after its lead character.

neg: Faye Resnick Faye Denise Resnick (nee Hutchison) (born July 3, 1957) is an American television personality, author, and interior designer. She is best known for her involvement in the O. J. Simpson murder trial and for her appearance on the reality television series "The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills".

neg: Stacy London Stacy London (born May 25, 1969) is an American stylist/fashion consultant, author, and magazine editor known primarily for her time as co-host on "What Not to Wear", a reality television program that featured wardrobe and appearance makeovers. After graduating from Vassar College, London started her career as a fashion editor at "Vogue" and transitioned into being a stylist for celebrities and designers. She moved into television by co-hosting "What Not to Wear" with Clinton Kelly, and doing fashion reporting for "Access Hollywood", "The Early Show", and the "Today Show". From 2009–2010, she was a celebrity spokesperson for Pantene, Woolite, Dr. Scholl's, and Riders by Lee. She co-owns Style for Hire and is the creative director of Westfield Style.

neg: Sela Ward Sela Ann Ward (born July 11, 1956) is an American actress, author and producer, best known for her roles on television beginning in the early '80s.

neg: Miss Marple (TV series) Miss Marple is a British television series based on the Miss Marple murder mystery novels by Agatha Christie, starring Joan Hickson in the title role. It aired from 26 December 1984 to 27 December 1992. All 12 original Miss Marple Christie novels were dramatised. The adaptations were written by T. R. Bowen, Julia Jones, Alan Plater, Ken Taylor and Jill Hyem, and the series was produced by George Gallaccio. In addition to its availability on VHS and DVD, the series began to be released on Blu-ray Disc in October 2014, marking its 30th anniversary.

neg: Martha Stewart Martha Helen Stewart (née Kostyra; born August 3, 1941) is an American businesswoman, writer, and television personality. As founder of Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia, she has gained success through a variety of business ventures, encompassing publishing, broadcasting, merchandising, and e-commerce. She has written numerous bestselling books, is the publisher of the "Martha Stewart Living" magazine, and hosted two long-running syndicated television shows, "Martha", which ran from 2005 to 2012, and "Martha Stewart Living", which ran from 1993 to 2005.

neg: Human Target (1992 TV series) Human Target is an American action drama television series broadcast by ABC in the United States. It is based on the DC comic book character of the same title created by Len Wein and Carmine Infantino, and developed for television by Danny Bilson and Paul DeMeo. The seven-episode series premiered on July 20, 1992, and last aired on August 29, 1992. This series is unrelated to the 2010 Fox television series of the same name, also based on the "Human Target" character.

neg: Just Add Magic (TV series) Just Add Magic is an American live-action family television series, loosely based on the book of the same name by Cindy Callaghan. It was produced by Amazon Studios. A pilot was produced in 2015 and the series commissioned for a full season the following year. Amazon renewed the series for a second season in June 2016 after it "set a record as the most successful Amazon Original Kids premiere weekend in terms of U.S. Prime Video streams and hours."

neg: Diana G. Gallagher Diana G. Gallagher (born March 14, 1946) is an American author who writes books for children and young adults based on television series. She has contributed to book series based on Buffy the Vampire Slayer, Sabrina the Teenage Witch and Charmed, among others.

neg: Daniel P. Mannix Daniel Pratt Mannix IV (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, October 27, 1911 – Malvern, Pennsylvania, January 29, 1997) was an American author, journalist, photographer, sideshow performer, stage magician, animal trainer, and filmmaker. His best-known works are the 1958 book "Those About to Die", which remained in continuous print for three decades, and the 1967 novel "The Fox and the Hound" which in 1981 was adapted into an animated film by Walt Disney Productions.

neg: Zak Bagans Zachary Alexander "Zak" Bagans (born April 5, 1977) is an American paranormal investigator, actor, television personality, and author. He is the principal host of the Travel Channel series, "Ghost Adventures".

neg: What Not to Wear (UK TV series) What Not to Wear is a BAFTA Award-nominated makeover reality television show launched by the BBC in 2001. It was presented by Trinny Woodall and Susannah Constantine for five series, bringing the pair to national prominence. After they left, the BBC produced two more series presented by Lisa Butcher and Mica Paris.

neg: Jennifer Byrne Jennifer Victoria Byrne (born 5 March 1955) is an Australian journalist, television presenter and former book publisher. She currently hosts the monthly ABC television program "First Tuesday Book Club", later renamed "The Book Club".

neg: Nowhere Man (TV series) Nowhere Man is an American television series that aired from 1995 to 1996 starring Bruce Greenwood. Created by Lawrence Hertzog, the series aired Monday nights on UPN. Despite critical acclaim, including "TV Guide"' s label of "The season's coolest hit," the show was cancelled after one season.

neg: Painkiller Jane (TV series) Painkiller Jane is an American-Canadian science fiction and action television series based on the comic book character of the same name. Airing on the Sci Fi Channel in the US starting April 13, 2007 and Global in Canada, it starred Kristanna Loken as the title character. On August 15, 2007, it was canceled after one season of 22 episodes.

neg: The Buried Life The Buried Life is a reality documentary series on MTV. The series features Duncan Penn, Jonnie Penn, Ben Nemtin, and Dave Lingwood attempting to complete a list of "100 things to do before you die." The pilot episode aired on January 18, 2010, and the show was renewed for a second season in 2010. On Oct 25, 2011, The Buried Life announced they wouldn't be doing any more episodes of the show. Shortly after their show's cancellation, the creators said they were working on a "new and improved" show for the network based on the premise of the original series. No new details on a new series have since been released.

neg: How to Be Indie How to Be Indie is a French-Canadian television show that aired on YTV from 2009 to 2011 and Disney Channel until 2012. The main character is a 13-year-old Indian-Canadian teenager named Indira "Indie" Mehta. The program is a single-camera series intended for a youth audience.

neg: List of Judy Garland biographies Judy Garland has been the subject of many biographies. Since her death in 1969, she has been the subject of over two dozen books. The first of these was Brad Steiger's "Judy Garland", published shortly after her death, which includes information on Garland's astrological chart, analysis of her handwriting, numerology and biorhythms. Most of the books are entirely about Garland, but some, including Patricia Fox-Sheinwold's "Too Young to Die", "Some Are Born Great" by Adela Rogers St. Johns and Jane Ellen Wayne's "The Golden Girls of MGM", merely feature a chapter about her. Two volumes, "Rainbow's End: The Judy Garland Show" by Coyne Steven Sanders and Mel Tormé's "The Other Side of the Rainbow: On the Dawn Patrol With Judy Garland", focus on Garland's television series, "The Judy Garland Show". Garland's last husband, Mickey Deans, co-authored an early biography in 1972 and Garland's daughter Lorna Luft wrote a family memoir in 1988.

neg: To Love and Die To Love and Die is the title of an American television action comedy-drama starring Shiri Appleby and Tim Matheson, and created by Sara Goodman. The show was greenlit to series on the USA Network in July 2007, with a 12-episode order that was planned to air in 2008. The 2-hour pilot finally premiered on December 30, 2008 as a television movie, receiving little promotion. The series was believed to have been dropped by the channel.


query: Which battle took place first, Battle of Tarawa or Battle of Iwo Jima?

pos: Battle of Tarawa The Battle of Tarawa was a battle in the Pacific Theater of World War II that was fought on 20–23 November 1943. It took place at the Tarawa Atoll in the Gilbert Islands, and was part of Operation Galvanic, the U.S. invasion of the Gilberts. Nearly 6,400 Japanese, Koreans, and Americans died in the fighting, mostly on and around the small island of Betio, in the extreme southwest of Tarawa Atoll.

pos: Battle of Iwo Jima The Battle of Iwo Jima (19 February – 26 March 1945) was a major battle in which the United States Marine Corps landed on and eventually captured the island of Iwo Jima from the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II. The American invasion, designated Operation Detachment, had the goal of capturing the entire island, including the three Japanese-controlled airfields (including the South Field and the Central Field), to provide a staging area for attacks on the Japanese main islands. This five-week battle comprised some of the fiercest and bloodiest fighting of the Pacific War of World War II.

neg: Battle of Guantánamo Bay The Battle of Guantánamo Bay was fought from June 6 to June 10 in 1898, during the Spanish–American War, when American and Cuban forces seized the strategically and commercially important harbor of Guantánamo Bay, Cuba. Capturing the bay from the Spanish forces was instrumental in the following Battle of Santiago de Cuba and the subsequent invasion of Puerto Rico. Although overshadowed by the land and sea battles at Santiago, the establishment of the United States naval base at Guantánamo Bay and the rout of defending Spanish troops by American and Cuban forces was important in the final Spanish defeat.

neg: Battle of Ozawahara The 1530 battle of Ozawahara (小沢原の戦い) was the first battle for Hōjō Ujiyasu, then fifteen years old. He faced Uesugi Tomooki. The battle was part of a seventeen-year struggle, which began with the 1524 siege of Edo, between the Hōjō clan and the Uesugi for control of the Kantō region.

neg: Battle of Mokuohai The Battle of Mokuʻ ōhai, fought in 1782 on the island of Hawaii, was a key battle in the early days of Kamehameha I's wars to conquer the Hawaiian Islands. It was his first major victory, solidifying his leadership over much of the island.

neg: Gerald F. Russell Gerald F. Russell was a Marine who served in World War II, including missions to Iwo Jima and Guadalcanal. He commanded one of the first units to land in Japan and provided protection for the US technical teams covering the atomic bomb site in Nagaskai. Col. Russell also witnessed the historical raising of the American flag on Mt. Suribachi in Iwo Jima.

neg: Operation Flintlock (World War II) Operation Flintlock was the campaign against the Japanese in the Marshall Islands in the Pacific theatre of World War II, from 31 January to 4 February 1944. The operation involved the invasions of Kwajalein, Eniwetok, and Majuro atolls. Admiral Nimitz, Commander of the U. S. Pacific Fleet, chose two islands in Kwajalein Atoll, Roi-Namur Island and Kwajalein Island, as primary targets in the U. S. invasion of the Marshall Islands.  Kwajalein Atoll contained communication and weather observation units and two Japanese airstrips on Roi-Namur and Kwajalein Islands, a seaplane base situated at Ebeye Island, a submarine base at Roi-Namur Island, and other Japanese installations scattered on various islands throughout Kwajalein atoll.  Kwajalein atoll, particularly Roi-Namur and Kwajalein Islands, were subjected to heavy bombardment. This attack also sank a large number of Japanese ships in Kwajalein Lagoon. Bitter fighting between Japanese forces and the U. S. 4th Marine Division on Roi-Namur, and the U. S. 7th Infantry Division on Kwajalein, resulted in a U. S. victory on 4 February 1944. The attack of the Japanese in the Marshall Islands was the first US attack, and capture, of Japanese territory, since the land was held by Japan before the start of World War II. The capture of Kwajalein Atoll during Operation Flintlock provided American forces with a base of operations that assured the recapture of the Philippines and eventually the fall of Japan.

neg: First Battle of Katwa The First Battle of Katwa occurred between Bengal and Maratha Empire in 1742. The Marathas initially attacked and captured Katwa and Hooghly in Bengal. The Nawab of Bengal Alivardi Khan responded with a direct attack on the Maratha camp at Katwa and inflicted so heavy losses on them that the entire Maratha army was driven out of Bengal on 17 September 1742.

neg: Battle of Vella Lavella The name Battle of Vella Lavella may refer to three related battles between the Allies and Japan in the Solomon Islands in 1943, during the Pacific campaign of World War II.

neg: Battle of Ioribaiwa The Battle of Ioribaiwa took place between 14 and 16 September 1942, during the Kokoda Track campaign of the Second World War. Involving forces from Australia, the United States, and Japan, the fighting centred on a high feature known as Ioribaiwa Ridge, south of Ofi Creek on the Kokoda Track, in the Territory of Papua. It was the last of three defensive battles fought by the Australians along the Kokoda Track to halt the Japanese advance from the north coast of Papua towards Port Moresby.

neg: Battle of Arawe order of battle This is an order of battle listing the Allied and Japanese forces involved in the Battle of Arawe from 15 December 1943 to 24 February 1944.

neg: Battle of the Border The Battle of the Border (Polish: "Bitwa graniczna" ) refers to the battles that occurred in the first days of the German invasion of Poland in September, 1939. The series of battles ended in a German victory, as Polish forces were either destroyed or forced to retreat.

neg: USS Iwo Jima Three ships of the United States Navy have been named USS "Iwo Jima", in memory of the Battle of Iwo Jima.

neg: Battle of Lushunkou The Battle of Lüshunkou (; Japanese: "Ryōjunkō-no-tatakai" (旅順口の戦い ) ) was a land battle of the First Sino-Japanese War. It took place on 21 November 1894 in Lüshunkou, Manchuria (later called Port Arthur, in present-day Liaoning Province, China) between the forces of the Empire of Japan and the Empire of China. It is sometimes referred to archaically in western sources as the Battle of Port Arthur (that name is now primarily used for the opening battle of the Russo-Japanese War in 1904).

neg: Battle of Guam (1941) The First Battle of Guam was an engagement during the Pacific War in World War II, and took place from 8 December to 10 December 1941 on Guam in the Mariana Islands between Japan and the United States. The American garrison was defeated by Japanese forces on 10 December, which resulted in an occupation until the Second Battle of Guam in 1944.

neg: Central Field (Iwo Jima) Central Field or Iwo Jima Air Base (IATA: IWO, ICAO: RJAW) is a World War II airfield on Iwo Jima in the Bonin Islands, located in the Central Pacific. The Bonin Islands are part of Japan.

neg: Battle of Okinawa The Battle of Okinawa (Japanese: 沖縄戦 , Hepburn: Okinawa-sen ) (Okinawan: 沖縄戦 , "Uchinaa ikusa " ), codenamed Operation Iceberg, was a major battle of the Pacific War fought on the island of Okinawa by United States Marine and Army forces against the Imperial Japanese Army and included the largest amphibious assault in the Pacific War during World War II, the April 1, 1945, invasion of Okinawa itself. The 82-day battle lasted from April 1 until June 22, 1945. After a long campaign of island hopping, the Allies were planning to use Okinawa, a large island only 340 mi away from mainland Japan, as a base for air operations for the planned invasion of the Japanese home islands.

neg: Battle for Australia The Battle for Australia is a contested historiographical term used to claim a coordinated link between a series of battles near Australia during the Pacific War of the Second World War alleged to be in preparation for a Japanese invasion of the continent. Since 2008 these battles have been commemorated by Battle for Australia Day, which falls on the first Wednesday in September.

neg: Philippines Campaign (1944–1945) The Philippines campaign, the Battle of the Philippines or the Liberation of the Philippines (Filipino: "Kampanya ng Pilipinas", "Labanan sa Pilipinas" & Liberasyon "sa Pilipinas"), (Operation Musketeer I, II, and III) (Filipino: Operasyon "Mosketero I", "II", "at" "III"), was the American and Filipino campaign to defeat and expel the Imperial Japanese forces occupying the Philippines during World War II. The Japanese Army overran all of the Philippines during the first half of 1942. The liberation of the Philippines commenced with amphibious landings on the eastern Philippine island of Leyte on October 20, 1944. United States and Philippine Commonwealth military forces were progressing in liberating territory and islands when the Japanese forces in the Philippines were ordered to surrender by Tokyo on August 15, 1945, after the dropping of the atomic bombs on mainland Japan and the Soviet invasion of Manchuria.

neg: First Battle of Monte Grappa The First Battle of Monte Grappa, also known as First Battle of the Piave in Italy, was a battle fought during World War I between the armies of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Kingdom of Italy for control of the Monte Grappa massif, which covered the left flank of the new Italian Piave front.

neg: Battle of Nagashino The Battle of Nagashino (長篠の戦い , Nagashino no Tatakai ) took place in 1575 near Nagashino Castle on the plain of Shitarabara in the Mikawa Province of Japan. Takeda Katsuyori attacked the castle when Okudaira Sadamasa rejoined the Tokugawa, and when his original plot with Oga Yashiro for taking Okazaki Castle, the capital of Mikawa, was discovered.

neg: Battle of Danzig Bay The Battle of Danzig Bay (Polish: "bitwa w Zatoce Gdańskiej" ) took place on 1 September 1939, at the beginning of the invasion of Poland, when Polish Navy warships were attacked by German Luftwaffe aircraft in Gdańsk Bay (then Danzig Bay). It was the first naval-air battle of World War II.


query: In what year was Robert Sampson's father the first selection in the NBA draft?

pos: Robert Sampson (basketball) Robert Alan Sampson (born June 23, 1992) is an American professional basketball player for KK Mornar. He is the son of Hall of Fame player Ralph Sampson and the younger brother of Ralph Sampson III.

pos: Ralph Sampson Ralph Lee Sampson Jr. (born July 7, 1960) is an American retired basketball player. A 7-foot-4 phenom, three-time College Player of the Year, and first selection in the 1983 NBA draft, Sampson brought heavy expectations with him to the National Basketball Association (NBA). The NBA Rookie of the Year, Sampson averaged 20.7 points and 10.9 rebounds for his first three seasons with the Houston Rockets before injuries began to take their toll. Three knee surgeries later he retired as a four-time All-Star, an NBA Rookie of the Year, and an NBA All-Star Game MVP (). One of his many career highlights was a buzzer-beating shot to dethrone the Los Angeles Lakers as Western Conference champions in 1986, derailing their hopes for coveted back-to-back NBA titles, and sending the Rockets to their second NBA Finals in the team's history.

neg: Jerome Whitehead Jerome Whitehead (September 30, 1956 – December 20, 2012) was an American professional basketball player. He was selected by the San Diego Clippers in the second round (41st overall) of the 1978 NBA draft. A 6'10" center-forward from Marquette University, Whitehead played in 11 National Basketball Association (NBA) seasons from 1978 to 1989. He played for the Clippers, Utah Jazz, Dallas Mavericks, Cleveland Cavaliers, Golden State Warriors and San Antonio Spurs.

neg: Bob Davis (basketball) Robert "Bob" Davis (born April 2, 1950) is a retired professional basketball small forward who played one season in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the Portland Trail Blazers during the 1972–73 season. He attended Weber State University and was selected by the Blazers during the second round (14 pick overall) of the 1972 NBA draft.

neg: Mychal Thompson Mychal George Thompson (born January 30, 1955) is a Bahamian retired basketball player. He played the power forward and center positions for the University of Minnesota and the NBA's Portland Trail Blazers, San Antonio Spurs, and Los Angeles Lakers. Thompson won two NBA championships with the Lakers during their Showtime era in the 1980s. He is the father of basketball players Klay Thompson, and Mychel Thompson, and baseball player Trayce Thompson.

neg: The First Team The First Team were the first players known to have played the sport of basketball, having been taught the game in 1891 by James Naismith, who is recognized as the inventor of the sport. The team comprised 18 players who were studying in Springfield, Massachusetts, to become executive secretaries of the YMCA and who, as part of their coursework, studied physical education with Naismith, who is said to have invented the game to teach teamwork skills to his charges. The team was inducted as a group into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame as part of that organization's inaugural 1959 induction class for their efforts in popularizing the sport and as the game's first practitioners.

neg: Serge Ibaka Serge Jonas Ibaka Ngobila (born 18 September 1989) is a Congolese-Spanish professional basketball player for the Toronto Raptors of the National Basketball Association (NBA). Ibaka was drafted by the Oklahoma City Thunder's former incarnation, the Seattle SuperSonics with the 24th overall pick in the 2008 NBA draft. Although born in the Republic of the Congo (and having played for the Republic of Congo youth team), Ibaka officially represents Spain in international competition, as he moved there as a teenager before joining the NBA (making him one of only two active NBA players, the other being Roy Hibbert, to have played for more than one national team).

neg: 2013 NBA draft The 2013 NBA draft was held on June 27, 2013, at Barclays Center in Brooklyn, New York. National Basketball Association (NBA) teams took turns selecting amateur U.S. college basketball players and other eligible players, including international players. The lottery took place on May 21, 2013. This was the first draft for New Orleans under their new Pelicans name after playing as the New Orleans Hornets previously. It would also be the last draft for the Charlotte Bobcats under their old name, as they went back to playing under their old Hornets moniker that they last used in 2002 once the 2013–14 NBA season was over.

neg: 1989 NBA draft The 1989 NBA draft took place on June 27, 1989, in New York City, New York, USA. It has been regarded as one of the worst drafts in NBA history. Eight of the top ten picks were considered busts, including the first two picks Pervis Ellison and Danny Ferry. The draft did produce talented players such as Shawn Kemp, Glen Rice, Sean Elliott, Nick Anderson, Dana Barros, Tim Hardaway, Vlade Divac, Cliff Robinson, B. J. Armstrong and Mookie Blaylock, The draft was reduced from three rounds in the previous year to the two-round format still in use.

neg: Anthony Pelle Anthony Pelle (born December 1, 1972) is an American professional basketball player who was selected by the Denver Nuggets in the second round (44th overall pick) of the 1995 NBA Draft. Pelle, who was born in the Bronx, New York and played collegiately at Villanova University and Fresno State University, did not appear in any NBA games but plied his trade several leagues in Europe, most notably in Greece, Spain and Italy as well as in second tier leagues in the United States.

neg: 1978 NBA draft The 1978 NBA draft was the 32nd annual draft of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The draft was held on June 9, 1978, before the 1978–79 season. In this draft, 22 NBA teams took turns selecting amateur U.S. college basketball players and other eligible players, including international players. The first two picks in the draft belonged to the teams that finished last in each conference, with the order determined by a coin flip. The Indiana Pacers won the coin flip and were awarded the first overall pick, while the Kansas City Kings, who obtained the New Jersey Nets' first-round pick in a trade, were awarded the second pick. The Pacers then traded the first pick to the Portland Trail Blazers before the draft. The remaining first-round picks and the subsequent rounds were assigned to teams in reverse order of their win–loss record in the previous season. A player who had finished his four-year college eligibility was eligible for selection. If a player left college early, he would not be eligible for selection until his college class graduated. Before the draft, five college underclassmen were declared eligible for selection under the "hardship" rule. These players had applied and gave evidence of financial hardship to the league, which granted them the right to start earning their living by starting their professional careers earlier. Prior to the start of the season, the Buffalo Braves relocated to San Diego and became the San Diego Clippers. The draft consisted of 10 rounds comprising the selection of 202 players.

neg: 1977 NBA draft The 1977 NBA draft was the 31st annual draft of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The draft was held on June 10, 1977, before the 1977–78 season. In this draft, 22 NBA teams took turns selecting amateur U.S. college basketball players and other eligible players, including international players. The first two picks in the draft belonged to the teams that finished last in each conference, with the order determined by a coin flip. The Milwaukee Bucks won the coin flip and were awarded the first overall pick, while the Kansas City Kings, who obtained the New York Nets first-round pick in a trade, were awarded the second pick. The remaining first-round picks and the subsequent rounds were assigned to teams in reverse order of their win–loss record in the previous season. A player who had finished his four-year college eligibility was eligible for selection. If a player left college early, he would not be eligible for selection until his college class graduated. Before the draft, six college underclassmen were declared eligible for selection under the "hardship" rule. These players had applied and gave evidence of financial hardship to the league, which granted them the right to start earning their living by starting their professional careers earlier. Four former American Basketball Association (ABA) franchises who joined the NBA when both leagues merged, the Denver Nuggets, the Indiana Pacers, the New York Nets and the San Antonio Spurs, took part in the NBA Draft for the first time. Prior to the start of the season, the Nets relocated to New Jersey and became the New Jersey Nets. The draft consisted of 8 rounds comprising the selection of 170 players.

neg: NBA Defensive Player of the Year Award The NBA's Defensive Player of the Year Award is an annual National Basketball Association (NBA) award given since the 1982–83 NBA season to the best defensive player of the regular season. The winner is selected by a panel of 124 sportswriters and broadcasters throughout the United States and Canada, each of whom casts a vote for first, second and third place selections. Each first-place vote is worth five points, second-place voted are worth three points, and a third-place vote is worth one. The player with the highest point total, regardless of the number of first-place votes, wins the award.

neg: 1984–85 Houston Rockets season The 1984–85 Houston Rockets season saw the Rockets draft Akeem Olajuwon. He was selected to play in the 1985 NBA All-Star Game.

neg: Charlotte Hornets draft history The original Charlotte Hornets of the National Basketball Association (NBA) were established in 1988 as an expansion team, based in Charlotte, North Carolina. The team's roster was filled with unprotected players at the 1988 NBA Expansion Draft, and five days later the Hornets made their first picks out of college players at the 1988 NBA draft. The Hornets remained in Charlotte for 14 seasons before relocating to New Orleans in 2002. Two years after the Hornets' departure, the Charlotte Bobcats were established in 2004. The Bobcats first participated in the 2004 NBA draft, two days after their expansion draft was held. The franchise's name was changed back to the Hornets at the conclusion of the 2013–14 season, one year after the team in Louisiana renamed itself the New Orleans Pelicans. The history and records of the original Charlotte Hornets were conveyed to the newly named Charlotte Hornets.

neg: 1960 NBA draft The 1960 NBA draft was the 14th annual draft of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The draft was held on April 11, 1960, before the 1960–61 season. In this draft, eight NBA teams took turns selecting amateur U.S. college basketball players. A player who had finished his four-year college eligibility was eligible for selection. If a player left college early, he would not be eligible for selection until his college class graduated. In each round, the teams select in reverse order of their win–loss record in the previous season. Before the draft, a team could forfeit its first-round draft pick and then select any player from within a 50-mile radius of its home arena as their territorial pick. The Minneapolis Lakers participated in the draft, but relocated to Los Angeles and became the Los Angeles Lakers prior to the start of the season. The draft consisted of 21 rounds comprising 100 players selected.

neg: Billy Reid (basketball) William Jennings "Billy" Reid, Jr. (born September 10, 1957) is an American basketball coach and former professional player. Reid was selected in the 1979 NBA Draft by the Indiana Pacers and then again one year later in the 1980 NBA Draft by the Golden State Warriors, although he did not begin his professional career until 1980 after graduating from the University of San Francisco.

neg: Rodrick Rhodes Rodrick Rhodes (born September 24, 1973) is an American former professional basketball player who was selected by the Houston Rockets in the 1st round (24th overall) of the 1997 NBA Draft.

neg: Oscar Robertson Oscar Palmer Robertson (born November 24, 1938), nicknamed "The Big O", is an American former National Basketball Association player who played for the Cincinnati Royals and Milwaukee Bucks. The 6 ft , 205 lb Robertson played point guard and was a 12-time All-Star, 11-time member of the All-NBA Team, and one-time winner of the MVP award in 14 professional seasons. In 1962, he became the first of only two players in NBA history to average a triple-double for a season. In the 1970–71 NBA season, he was a key player on the team that brought the Bucks their only NBA title. His playing career, especially during high school and college, was plagued by racism.

neg: Jamal Sampson Jamal Wesley Sampson (born May 15, 1983) is an American former professional basketball player.

neg: All-NBA Team The All-NBA Team is an annual National Basketball Association (NBA) honor bestowed on the best players in the league following every NBA season. The voting is conducted by a panel of sportswriters and broadcasters throughout the United States and Canada. The team has been selected in every season of the league's existence, dating back to its inaugural season in 1946. The All-NBA Team originally had two teams, but since 1988 it is composed of three five-man lineups—a first, second, and third team, typically comprising a total of 15 roster spots.

neg: George T. Johnson George Thomas Johnson (born December 18, 1948) is an American retired professional basketball player. A 6'11" forward/center born in Tylertown, Mississippi and from Dillard University, he played in 13 NBA seasons (1972–1983; 1984–1986) as a member of the Golden State Warriors, the Buffalo Braves, the New Jersey Nets, the San Antonio Spurs, the Atlanta Hawks, and the Seattle SuperSonics.


query: Jimmie Nicol temporarily replaced which drummer during a series of concerts in 1964?

pos: Jimmie Nicol James George Nicol (born 3 August 1939), better known as Jimmie Nicol or Jimmy Nicol, is a British drummer and business entrepreneur. He is best known for temporarily replacing Ringo Starr in The Beatles for a series of concerts during the height of Beatlemania in 1964, elevating him from relative obscurity to worldwide fame and then back again in the space of a fortnight. Nicol had hoped that his association with The Beatles would greatly boost his career, but instead found that the spotlight moved away from him once Starr returned to the group. His subsequent lack of commercial success led him into bankruptcy in 1965. After then working with a number of different bands, including a successful stint with The Spotnicks, he left the music business in 1967 to pursue a variety of entrepreneurial ventures. Over the decades, Nicol has increasingly shied away from media attention, preferring not to discuss his connection to The Beatles nor seek financial gain from it. He has a son, Howard, who is a BAFTA award-winning sound engineer.

pos: Ringo Starr Richard Starkey, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (born 7 July 1940), known professionally as Ringo Starr, is an English drummer, singer, songwriter and actor who gained worldwide fame as the drummer for the Beatles. He occasionally sang lead vocals, usually for one song on an album, including "With a Little Help from My Friends", "Yellow Submarine", "Good Night", and their cover of "Act Naturally". He also wrote the Beatles' songs "Don't Pass Me By" and "Octopus's Garden", and is credited as a co-writer of others, including "What Goes On" and "Flying".

neg: The Modern Sound of Mr. B The Modern Sound of Mr. B is a 1964 studio album by the American singer Billy Eckstine. It was produced by Quincy Jones.

neg: Having a Rave Up with The Yardbirds Having a Rave Up with the Yardbirds, or simply Having a Rave Up, is the second American album by English rock group the Yardbirds. It was released in November 1965, eight months after Jeff Beck replaced Eric Clapton on guitar. It includes songs with both guitarists and reflects the group's blues rock roots and their early experimentations with psychedelic and hard rock. The title refers to the driving "rave up" arrangement the band used in several of their songs.

neg: Pete Best Randolph Peter "Pete" Best (born Randolph Peter Scanland, 24 November 1941) is an English musician, principally known as an original member and first drummer of the Beatles, from 1960 to 1962. He has been referred to as the Fifth Beatle.

neg: Fairies (British band) The Fairies were a British rhythm and blues band led by drummer John 'Twink' Alder, who recorded three singles between 1964 and 1965.

neg: Hey... Bo Diddley: In Concert Hey... Bo Diddley: In Concert is a 1986 live album by Bo Diddley, recorded on a European tour. His backing band for the performances on the album were Mainsqueeze, featuring guitarist Eric Bell, previously of Thin Lizzy, and Dick Heckstall-Smith, the jazz and blues saxophonist. Other members of the band included bass guitarist Keith Tillman, who, like Heckstall-Smith, had previously played with John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers; and drummer Leonard "Stretch" Stretching, who had performed with Marvin Gaye and Tom Waits.

neg: Earl Palmer Earl Cyril Palmer (October 25, 1924 – September 19, 2008) was an American rock-and-roll and rhythm-and-blues drummer. He is a member of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.

neg: 1964 in jazz This is a timeline documenting events of Jazz in the year 1964.

neg: Morten Skogstad Morten Skogstad (born 26 June 1962) is the drummer in the Norwegian hard rock/glam metal band Stage Dolls. He joined the band in 1993, replacing Steinar Krokstad.

neg: 1964 NFL Championship Game The 1964 National Football League Championship Game was the 32nd annual championship game, held on December 27 at Cleveland Stadium in Cleveland, Ohio. With an attendance of 79,544, it was the first NFL title game to be televised by CBS.

neg: Sam Ulano Solomon Paul "Sam" Ulano (August 12, 1920 – January 1, 2014) was an American jazz drummer and teacher. He is often called by the nickname "Mr. Rhythm."

neg: Salvation (band) Salvation was a late-1960s American psychedelic rock band from San Francisco. The group started as the New Salvation Army Banned in 1967 with the lineup of Al Linde singing and Joe Tate on guitar, later supplemented by bassist Artie McLean, keyboardist Art Resnick, and drummer Teddy Stewart. The group was sometimes billed as the New Salvation Army Band and their name prompted a legal challenge from The Salvation Army church organization. They performed in San Francisco, featured as the house band at the Roaring Twenties topless club in North Beach, at shows in Golden Gate Park and at the Haight-Ashbury communal venue the Straight Theater. A notable early show for them was July 11-16, 1967, opening for the Paul Butterfield Blues Band and the Roland Kirk Quartet at the Fillmore Auditorium. In 1968 they changed their name to Salvation and issued a debut album of the same name, followed later by their second album release, "Gypsy Carnival Caravan", both on ABC Records. The band performed as an opening act for The Doors and Big Brother and the Holding Company before headlining in New York City at the Fillmore East in 1969. They dissolved in 1970 over financial issues.

neg: A Hard Day's Night (film) A Hard Day's Night is a 1964 British musical comedy film directed by Richard Lester and starring the Beatles—John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison, and Ringo Starr—during the height of Beatlemania. It was written by Alun Owen and originally released by United Artists. The film portrays several days in the lives of the group.

neg: Barrett Martin Barrett Martin (born April 14, 1967) is an American drummer, composer, producer, award-winning writer, and Zen artist. He was the drummer for the Seattle, Washington groups Skin Yard and Screaming Trees, as well as the supergroups Mad Season and Tuatara. A multi-instrumentalist and producer, he does recording session work in Seattle and Los Angeles and has played on, or produced, over 100 albums to date. In 2014, he was awarded the ASCAP Deems Taylor award for excellence in writing for his liner notes in the Mad Season Deluxe Reissue. He is primarily known for his powerful tribal drumming style, which includes the use of the tom toms as a rhythmic component that replaces the traditional hihat and ride cymbal. He credits the jazz drummers Art Blakey, Max Roach, and Elvin Jones for inspiring this approach to his drumming style, as well as the rock drummers John Bonham, Keith Moon, and Neil Peart. He has also stated that the heavyweight boxer Muhammad Ali inspired his drumming at a young age, saying, "Ali was so incredibly fast on his feet, and his hands were both light and heavy at the same time. Float like a butterfly, sting like bee, that's the way a great drummer should play – light and heavy, the way Ali boxed."

neg: The Lonely Hours The Lonely Hours is a 1964 studio album by Sarah Vaughan, arranged by Benny Carter.

neg: 1964 USAC Championship Car season The 1964 USAC Championship Car season consisted of 13 races, beginning in Avondale, Arizona on March 22 and concluding at the same location on November 22. There was also one non-championship event at Pikes Peak, Colorado. The USAC National Champion and Indianapolis 500 winner was A. J. Foyt. At Indianapolis in the 500 miles race Eddie Sachs and Dave MacDonald were killed during lap 2 of the race; Sachs was 37 years old, and MacDonald was 27. In the Tony Bettenhausen Memorial at Springfield, Bill Horstmeyer died during the race; he was 34 years old. In November, five days after the season ended, Bobby Marshman died in a testing accident at Phoenix; he was 28 years old.

neg: The Beatles: Eight Days a Week The Beatles: Eight Days a Week – The Touring Years is a 2016 documentary film directed by Ron Howard about The Beatles' career during their touring years from 1962 to 1966, from their performances at the Cavern Club in Liverpool to their final concert in San Francisco in 1966.

neg: Bob Dylan World Tour 1966 The Bob Dylan World Tour 1966 was a concert tour undertaken by American musician Bob Dylan, from February to May 1966. Dylan's 1966 World Tour was notable as the first tour--actually a continuation of his late 1965 U.S. tour--where Dylan employed an electric band backing him, following his "going electric" at the 1965 Newport Folk Festival. The musicians Dylan employed as his backing band were known as The Hawks; they subsequently became famous as The Band. The 1966 tour was filmed by director D. A. Pennebaker. Pennebaker's footage was edited by Dylan and Howard Alk to produce a little-seen film, "Eat the Document", an anarchic account of the tour. Drummer Mickey Jones also filmed the tour with an 8mm home movie camera. Many of the 1966 tour concerts were recorded by Columbia Records. These recordings produced two official albums, the so-called and in 2016, "The Real Royal Albert Hall Concert," as well as The 1966 Live Recordings, a 36 CD box set of every recorded concert from the 1966 tour. There have also many unofficial bootleg recordings of the tour.

neg: Winston Grennan Winston Grennan (16 September 1944 – 27 October 2000) was a Jamaican drummer, famous for session work from 1962 to 1973 in Jamaica as well as later in New York City through the 1970s and 1980s.

neg: Getz/Gilberto Vol. 2 Getz/Gilberto #2 is a live album by Stan Getz and João Gilberto, released in 1966. It was recorded at a live concert at Carnegie Hall in October 1964. The previous album "Getz/Gilberto" won the 1965 Grammy Awards for Best Album of the Year and Best Jazz Instrumental Album - Individual or Group amongst others. The painting on the cover is by Olga Albizu.

neg: Danny Thomas (musician) Danny Thomas, born in 1948 in Charlotte, North Carolina, USA, was the drummer for the 13th Floor Elevators from 1967 thru 1969 replacing John Ike Walton. Danny played drums and sang back up vocals on the final two studio albums, "Easter Everywhere" and "Bull of the Woods". In an interview in 2001, when Danny was asked why he had quit the band, his reply was "I never quit".


query: Do Gene Wolfe and Lorrie Moore share the same nationality?

pos: Gene Wolfe Gene Rodman Wolfe (born May 7, 1931) is an American science fiction and fantasy writer. He is noted for his dense, allusive prose as well as the strong influence of his Catholic faith. He is a prolific short-story writer and novelist and has won many science fiction and fantasy literary awards.

pos: Lorrie Moore Lorrie Moore (born Marie Lorena Moore; January 13, 1957) is an American fiction writer known mainly for her humorous and poignant short stories.

neg: Skippy Williams Elmer, or Elbert, Skippy Williams (July 27, 1916 – February 28, 1994) was a jazz tenor saxophonist, and musical arranger.

neg: Nyle Wolfe Nyle Wolfe (born October 1971) is an Irish operatic baritone, who has sung with the Musiktheater im Revier in Germany and Opera Ireland. His first solo album "Moodswings" was released in Ireland in 2007.

neg: Cleo Moore Cleo Moore (born Cleouna Moore; October 31, 1924 – October 25, 1973) was an American actress, usually seen in the role of a blonde bombshell in Hollywood films of the 1950s.

neg: Robert Lee Moore Robert Lee Moore (November 14, 1882 – October 4, 1974) was an American mathematician who taught for many years at the University of Texas. He is known for his work in general topology and for the Moore method of teaching university mathematics.

neg: Shelley Moore Shelley Moore (March 10, 1932 – June 23, 2016) was an English-born American jazz singer.

neg: Glenn Watkins Glenn E. Watkins (born May 30, 1927), is the Earl V. Moore Professor (Emeritus) of Music History and Musicology at the University of Michigan and a specialist in the study of Renaissance and 20th-century music.

neg: Jonathan Miller Sir Jonathan Wolfe Miller, CBE (born 21 July 1934) is an English theatre and opera director, actor, author, television presenter, humourist, and medical doctor. While training in medicine, and specialising in neurology, in the late 1950s, he first came to prominence in the early 1960s with his role in the comedy revue "Beyond the Fringe" with fellow writers and performers Peter Cook, Dudley Moore and Alan Bennett.

neg: Gene Maltais Gene Maltais is an American musician, singer and songwriter.

neg: Gene Russell Gene Russell (1932-1981) was an American pop, jazz, and soul keyboardist who played acoustic and Fender Rhodes.

neg: Loyd Sigmon Loyd C. Sigmon (May 6, 1909 – June 2, 2004) was born in Stigler, Oklahoma to a cattle-ranching family. He soon became interested in radio, earning his amateur ("ham") radio license at age 14. His broadcasting career began in 1932 at the Boston Short Wave and Television Laboratories. In 1941 he was hired as an engineer for MacMillan Petroleum Company's flagship radio station, KMPC, in Los Angeles, California. That job was interrupted by World War II; he served in the United States Army Signal Corps on General Dwight D. Eisenhower's staff.

neg: Doré Records Doré Records, pronounced "dorrie", was a record label founded in Los Angeles, California, in 1958 by Lew (or Lou) Bedell and his cousin Herb Newman.

neg: Bertram Wolfe Bertram David "Bert" Wolfe (January 19, 1896 – February 21, 1977) was an American scholar and former communist best known for biographical studies of Vladimir Lenin, Joseph Stalin, Leon Trotsky, and Diego Rivera.

neg: Gene Barge Gene Barge (born August 9, 1926) is an American tenor and alto saxophonist and composer in several bands.

neg: Bob Wolfe Robert Wolfe was an American clergyman with the Metropolitan Community Church, most noted as the founding pastor of the Metropolitan Community Church of Toronto in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

neg: Allen Moore (American football) Audrey Allen Moore (July 18, 1909 – July 28, 1991) Born Audrey Allen Moore, Al Moore was a wide receiver defensive end in the National Football League who played for the Green Bay Packers. Moore came out of Texas A&M and played five games for the Packers in 1939. At Texas A&M, Moore played the sousaphone tuba, earning him the nickname "Sousie." After playing with the Packers to win the 1939 NFL championships, Moore joined the U.S. Navy and served on the U.S.S. Pennsylvania aircraft carrier in World War II Pacific theater. After the war, he settled in the Los Angeles, California area where he married Marie Darrieulat, and raised three daughters, Lynne, Suzanne and Kathleen.

neg: Gene Lake Oliver Gene Lake, Jr. (born January 12, 1966, St. Louis) is an American jazz drummer. He is the son of saxophonist Oliver Lake.

neg: Denny Moore Denny Moore (born 1944) is an American linguist, and anthropologist.

neg: Harrie Wade Harrie Walter Wade OBE (10 January 1905 – 18 November 1964) was an Australian federal politician and minister.

neg: Mavor Moore James Mavor Moore, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (March 8, 1919 – December 18, 2006) was a Canadian writer, producer, actor, public servant, critic, and educator. He notably appeared as Nero Wolfe for Canadian radio in 1982.

neg: Lincoln Wolfenstein Lincoln Wolfenstein (February 10, 1923, Cleveland, Ohio – March 27, 2015, Oakland, California) was an American particle physicist who studied the weak interaction. Wolfenstein was born in 1923 and obtained his PhD in 1949 from the University of Chicago. He retired from Carnegie Mellon University in 2000 after being a faculty member for 52 years. Despite being retired, he continued to come into work nearly every day.


query: Are Julmust and Lucozade both energy drinks?

pos: Julmust Julmust (Swedish: "jul" "Yule" and "must " "not yet fermented juice of fruit or berries", though there is no such juice in "julmust") is a soft drink that is mainly consumed in Sweden around Christmas. During the other part of the year it is usually quite difficult to find in stores, but sometimes it is sold at other times of the year under the name "must". At Easter the name is påskmust (from "påsk ", "Easter" / "Paschal" ["q.v."]). The content is the same regardless of the marketing name, although the length of time it is stored before bottling differs; however, the beverage is more closely associated with Christmas, somewhat less with Easter and traditionally not at all with the summer. 45 million litres of "julmust" are consumed during December, which is around 50% of the total soft drink volume in December and 75% of the total yearly must sales.

pos: Lucozade Lucozade is a soft drink marketed as a range of sports and energy drinks. Created in 1927 as "Glucozade" by a Newcastle pharmacist, William Owen, as an energy source for the sick, it was renamed Lucozade in 1929 and acquired by Beecham's in 1938.

neg: Exenatide Exenatide (marketed as Byetta, Bydureon) is a glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist (GLP-1 agonist) medication, belonging to the group of incretin mimetics, approved in April 2005 for the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2. Exenatide in its Byetta form is administered as a subcutaneous injection (under the skin) of the abdomen, thigh, or arm, any time within the 60 minutes before the first and last meal of the day. A once-weekly injection has been approved as of January 27, 2012 under the trademark Bydureon. It is manufactured by Amylin Pharmaceuticals and commercialized by AstraZeneca.

neg: Vampiro (cocktail) The Vampiro is a cold mixed cocktail that includes fruit juice, spices, fruit soda, fresh lime juice, and tequila, a distilled alcoholic beverage that is popular in Mexico. The Vampiro "...has a fruity, lightly carbonated, and spicy taste to it."

neg: Powerade Powerade is a sports drink manufactured and marketed by The Coca-Cola Company. Its primary competitor is PepsiCo's Gatorade brands.

neg: Switchel Switchel, also switzel, swizzle, ginger-water, haymaker's punch or switchy, is a drink made of water mixed with vinegar, and often seasoned with ginger. Honey, sugar, brown sugar, or maple syrup were sometimes used to sweeten the drink instead of molasses. In the U.S. state of Vermont, oatmeal and lemon juice were sometimes added to the beverage.

neg: Yunker Yunker Kotei Eki, "Yunkeru Kotei Eki" (ユンケル黄帝液 ) , is a health tonic similar to Lipovitan and produced by the Sato Pharmaceutical Corporation in Japan. It was first produced in 1967, and is widely available at drug stores throughout Japan. Yunker contains Chinese herbal ingredients and caffeine and is marketed to the Japanese workforce to combat fatigue.

neg: Smartboost SmartBoost and FruitBoost are powdered energy drinks formerly distributed by Solstice Beverages of San Francisco, California. Distribution was through natural food and other grocery stores in the Northern California.

neg: Dutch brandy Dutch brandy (in Dutch: Vieux /vjø:/ ) is a distilled spirit made from either grain or molasses alcohol flavored with various essences and extracts produced in the Netherlands. It was formerly referred to as "Dutch cognac" until that name was legally restricted to grape brandy from the Cognac region of France. Dutch names included "Koetsiertje" or "Koetsierscognac" (cognac drunk by carriage riders - Dutch "koetsiers") or "Hollandse Cognac" (Dutch Cognac). Its colour ranges from clear to dark brown, reflecting added caramel or artificial dye.

neg: Rhythm (liqueur) Rhythm was a citrus flavoured liqueur infused with caffeine, ginseng, damiana, taurine, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, guarana, and electrolytes made by RJS Spirits LLC, an American company based in Louisville, Kentucky.

neg: Rondo (soft drink) Rondo was a citrus-flavored soft drink available in limited U.S. markets in the late 1970s and early 1980s, one which was "blended from fine essences", and "lightly carbonated". It is mostly famous for its slogan - "Rondo---The Thirst Crusher" - as well as its commercials, featuring people crushing the cans in various ways. The cans featured bright yellow packaging for regular Rondo and green packaging for Diet Rondo. It was introduced in 1978 by Cadbury-Schweppes.

neg: Oransoda Oransoda is an Italian carbonated orange-flavored soft drink created in the 1940s by Milan-based company Saga. It is similar to Orangina.

neg: Sun Drop Sun Drop, also marketed as Sundrop, is a citrus-flavored soda produced by Dr Pepper Snapple Group. It has a yellowish-green color imparted by Yellow 5. Among soft drinks, it is known for its high caffeine content (63 mg per 12 oz can, 9 mg higher than a 12 oz can of Mountain Dew, but not as much as Vault with 70.5 mg per 12 oz can). Orange juice is an ingredient in the drink, and remaining pulp matter from the orange juice provides some of the soft drink's taste and appearance.

neg: Juven Juven is a medical food that is manufactured by Abbott Laboratories and used for providing nutritional support under the care of a doctor in individuals with muscle wasting due to AIDS or cancer, to promote wound healing following surgery or injury, or when otherwise recommended by a medical professional. It is a powderized nutritional supplement that contains 3 grams of calcium β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate, 14 grams of L -arginine, and 14 grams of L -glutamine per two daily servings.

neg: Ting (drink) Ting is a carbonated beverage popular in the Caribbean. It is flavored with Jamaican grapefruit juice (from concentrate) and is both tart and sweet. Ting comes in a green glass bottle, green plastic bottle or a green and yellow can. Like Orangina, the beverage contains a small amount of sediment consisting of grapefruit juice pulp. Ting is produced in the United Kingdom under license by Cott Beverages. Ting also now makes Pink Ting Soda, Diet Ting Soda, and Ginger Beer.

neg: Cuba Libre The Cuba Libre ( ; ] , "Free Cuba") is a caffeinated alcoholic cocktail made of cola, lime, and dark or light rum. This cocktail is often referred to as a Rum and Coke in the United States, Canada, the UK, Ireland, India, Singapore, Australia and New Zealand where the lime juice may or may not be included.

neg: Lycopus lucidus Lycopus lucidus is a species of plant in the Lamiaceae family. The dried rhizomes are used in Traditional Chinese Medicine, where they are known as Lycopi rhizoma and have a reputation for promoting blood circulation and energy ("qi"), and preventing water retention. They are said to have a "warming" property, and have a mild bittersweet flavor.

neg: DepoDur DepoDur CII, previously known as DepoMorphine, is a morphine sulfate extended-release liposome injection (see Depot injection), product of Pacira Pharmaceuticals (formerly SkyePharma PLC). It was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2004 for use as a post-surgical pain reliever. In Europe, it was approved by the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency in 2006.

neg: Caffeinated alcoholic drink A caffeinated alcoholic drink, or caffeinated alcoholic beverage, is a drink that contains both alcohol (also known formally as ethanol) and caffeine. They often include the ingredients of energy drinks as well. In 2010 and 2011, this type of beverage faced criticism for posing health risks to their drinkers. In some places there is a ban on caffeinated alcoholic beverages.

neg: Altoids Altoids are a brand of breath mints. The brand was created by the London-based Smith & Company in the 1780s, and later became part of the Callard & Bowser company in the 19th century. Their advertising slogan is "The Original Celebrated Curiously Strong Mints", referring to the high concentration of peppermint oil used in the original flavour lozenge.

neg: Jupiler Jupiler (] ; ] or ] ) is a Belgian beer introduced in 1966, now brewed by Anheuser–Busch InBev at Piedboeuf Brewery in Jupille-sur-Meuse, Belgium. It is the biggest-selling beer in Belgium.

neg: Swiss lemonade Swiss lemonade or limonada suíça (] ) is a type of Brazilian lemonade made of lime pieces with peel, ice cubes, sugar, and water. The ingredients are usually beaten together in a blender and then strained. There are several versions of this drink, including one with condensed milk (Portuguese: "limonada suíça com leite condensado" ).


query: which member of the American Basketball Association was Ramsey a head coach for

pos: Frank Ramsey (basketball) Frank Vernon Ramsey, Jr. (born July 13, 1931) is an American former professional basketball player and coach. A 6-3 guard, he played his entire nine-year (1954–1964) NBA career with the Boston Celtics and played a major role in the early part of their dynasty, winning seven championships. Ramsey was also a head coach for the Kentucky Colonels of the ABA during the 1970–1971 season.

pos: Kentucky Colonels The Kentucky Colonels were a member of the American Basketball Association for all of the league's nine years. The name is derived from the historic Kentucky colonels. The Colonels won the most games and had the highest winning percentage of any franchise in the league's history, but the team did not join the NBA in the 1976 ABA–NBA merger. The downtown Louisville Convention Center (now known as The Gardens) was the Colonels' original venue for the first three seasons before moving to Freedom Hall for the remaining seasons, beginning with the 1970–71 schedule.

neg: New York Jewels The New York Jewels were an American basketball team based in New York, New York that was a member of the American Basketball League.

neg: Cleveland Pipers The Cleveland Pipers was an American industrial basketball team based in Cleveland, Ohio in the 1950s and early 1960s. The Pipers are most known for having played in the short-lived American Basketball League from 1961–62, arguably as that brief pro league's pivotal franchise. They were also a power in the days Amateur Athletic Union (AAU ) basketball and the National Industrial Basketball League (NIBL) which peaked in the late 1950s and early 1960s.

neg: Dallas Chaparrals The Dallas Chaparrals were a charter member of the American Basketball Association (ABA). The team moved to San Antonio, Texas for the 1973–74 season and were renamed the San Antonio Spurs. The Spurs joined the National Basketball Association (NBA) for the 1976–77 NBA season as a result of the ABA–NBA merger.

neg: 2004–05 Boston Celtics season The 2004–05 NBA season was the 59th season for the Boston Celtics in the National Basketball Association. The season is memorable when the team hired Doc Rivers to be their head coach for the upcoming season. During the offseason, the Celtics acquired All-Star guard Gary Payton, and former Celtics forward Rick Fox from the Los Angeles Lakers, but Fox would retire before the season. The Celtics struggled playing under .500 for the first half of the season. At midseason, Payton was traded to the Atlanta Hawks for former Celtic All-Star forward Antoine Walker. However, Payton would never suit up for the Hawks and was released shortly after. He then re-signed with the Celtics afterwards for the remainder of the season. The team went on a 7-game winning streak in March, finishing first place in the Atlantic Division with a 45–37 record. Paul Pierce was selected for the 2005 NBA All-Star Game.

neg: Phog Allen Forrest Clare "Phog" Allen (November 18, 1885 – September 16, 1974) was an American basketball and baseball player, coach of American football, basketball, and baseball, college athletics administrator, and osteopathic physician. Known as the "Father of Basketball Coaching," he served as the head basketball coach at Baker University (1905–1908), the University of Kansas (1907–1909, 1919–1956), Haskell Institute—now Haskell Indian Nations University (1908–1909), and Warrensburg Teachers College—now the University of Central Missouri (1912–1919), compiling a career college basketball record of 746–264. In his 39 seasons at the helm of the Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball program, his teams won 24 conference championships and three national titles. The Helms Athletic Foundation retroactively recognized Allen's 1921–22 and 1922–23 Kansas teams as national champions. Allen's 1951–52 squad won the 1952 NCAA Tournament and his Jayhawks were runners-up in the NCAA Tournament in 1940 and 1953. His 590 wins are the most of any coach in the storied history of the Kansas basketball program.

neg: 1993–94 Detroit Pistons season The 1993–94 NBA season was the Pistons' 46th season in the National Basketball Association, and 37th season in the city of Detroit. During the offseason, the Pistons acquired Sean Elliott from the San Antonio Spurs, signed free agent Greg "Cadillac" Anderson and hired Don Chaney as head coach. Without Alvin Robertson, who was out with a back injury and then traded to the Denver Nuggets in November, the Pistons continued to struggle as Bill Laimbeer retired after an ugly practice scuffle with Isiah Thomas. Things got worse as the team suffered a 14-game losing streak between December and January. At midseason, Olden Polynice was traded to the Sacramento Kings as the Pistons went on to lose their final 13 games of the season, finishing last place in the Central Division with a 20–62 record, their worst record since 1979–80. Top draft pick Lindsey Hunter made the All-Rookie Second Team.

neg: McCoy Ingram Joel McCoy Ingram (born August 31, 1931) is a retired professional basketball power forward who played one season in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the Minneapolis Lakers during the 1957–58 season. He was also a one-time member of the Harlem Globetrotters. He attended Jackson State University.

neg: Matt Brady Matt Brady (born October 1, 1965) is an American college basketball coach and currently the director of player personnel for the Maryland men's basketball team. He is also the former men's basketball coach at James Madison University. He was introduced at a press conference on March 26, 2008. Brady was formerly the head coach at Marist College, departing with a 73–50 record in four years. He took the Red Foxes to a MAAC regular-season championship in 2007. Marist then advanced to the NIT, where it defeated Oklahoma State in the first round. The NIT victory was the first ever postseason victory for Marist. At Madison, Brady took over a program that hadn't had a winning record since going 20–9 in the 1999–2000 season under Sherman Dillard. However, Dillard had little success in ensuing seasons and, like his successor, Dean Keener, resigned under pressure. Brady inherited an experienced core of upperclassmen from Keener and, with a skilled group of freshmen, engineered a respectable inaugural campaign, leading the Dukes to an 18–13 regular season record. Thanks to the addition of a new postseason invitational—the CollegeInsider.com Tournament—Madison achieved its first 20-win season since 1994, when Hall of Fame coach Lefty Driesell led the program to the NCAA Tournament. The record dipped significantly in 2009–10, in part because of the loss of two key players to injuries: point guard Devon Moore, an all-rookie pick in the CAA in 2009, and forward Andrey Semenov. Brady was released on March 14, 2016 by James Madison.

neg: Kentucky Colonels (ABA 2000) Kentucky Colonels (ABA 2000) were a member of the ABA 2000, the second version of the American Basketball Association. The first American Basketball Association played from 1967 through the 1975–76 season and included a team called the Kentucky Colonels. Both versions of the Colonels played in Louisville, Kentucky.

neg: Brooklyn Indians The Brooklyn Indians were an American basketball team based in Brooklyn, New York that was a member of the American Basketball League.

neg: Herb Williams Herbert L. Williams (born February 16, 1958) is a retired American basketball player in the National Basketball Association (NBA) for eighteen seasons from 1981 to 1999. Williams served as the interim head coach and the assistant coach of the NBA's New York Knicks. He is currently an assistant coach for the New York Liberty of the WNBA.

neg: Norm Mager Norman Clifford "Norm" Mager (March 23, 1926 – March 17, 2005) was an American basketball player who played in the National Basketball Association for the Baltimore Bullets during the 1950–51 NBA season. Mager is also notable as a key member of the 1949–50 CCNY Beavers men's basketball team, the only team in NCAA history to win both the National Invitation Tournament and NCAA tournament in the same year.

neg: 1971–72 Virginia Squires season The 1971–72 Virginia Squires season was the second season of the Virginia Squires in the American Basketball Association. This was the debut season of future Hall of Famer Julius Erving. In the first half of the season, the Squires were 26–16, with a season-high five-game losing streak and one five-game winning streak in that half. In the second half, they went 19–23. The Squires finished 2nd in points scored at 118.9 per game, but 9th in points allowed at 118.0 per game. Just before the season ended, Charlie Scott left the team and joined the NBA's Phoenix Suns, completing a trade with the Boston Celtics (who held his original draft rights) for Paul Silas. Scott set the all-time ABA individual single-season scoring record by averaging 34.6 points per game. In the playoffs, the Squires swept the Floridians (with Game 2 even being broadcast on CBS), but the Squires lost to the New York Nets in the Division Finals. After the season, the Squires stopped playing in Roanoke, electing to focus on Norfolk, Hampton, and Richmond only.

neg: Tom Marshall (basketball) John Thomas "Tom" Marshall (born January 6, 1931) is an American former basketball player and coach. He graduated from Mount Juliet High School in Mt. Juliet, Tennessee. He was a star at Western Kentucky University in the 1950s, where he was a two-time All-American. His number 41 is one of only six retired at Western Kentucky. He was named to the OVC Half-Century Team and the OVC 40th Anniversary team. A 6'4" forward, he was drafted by the Rochester Royals with the seventh pick of the 1954 NBA draft. After a promising rookie season, he was drafted into the Army and missed the 1955–56 season. In a four-year NBA career, he played for the Royals (in both Rochester and Cincinnati), as well as for the Detroit Pistons. In his final year as a player (1958–59) he served as a player-coach; then coached the Cincinnati Royals for one additional season (1959–60) after retiring from playing. The Royals would eventually become the Sacramento Kings many years after his retirement.

neg: 1989–90 Denver Nuggets season The 1989–90 NBA season was the Nuggets' 14th season in the National Basketball Association, and 23rd season as a franchise. The Nuggets got off to a fast start winning 11 of their first 15 games, on their way to a solid 19–9 start. However, they began to show their age as they barely made the playoffs with a mediocre record of 43–39, fourth in the Midwest Division. At midseason, the team acquired Joe Barry Carroll from the New Jersey Nets, while Fat Lever was selected for the 1990 NBA All-Star Game. In the first round of the playoffs, the Nuggets were swept by the San Antonio Spurs in three straight games. Following the season, an era would come to an end in Denver as head coach Doug Moe was fired, Alex English signed as a free agent with the Dallas Mavericks, while Lever was traded to the Mavericks and Barry Carroll was released.

neg: Jack Eskridge John W. "Jack" Eskridge (January 21, 1924 – February 11, 2013) was a professional basketball player who spent one season in the Basketball Association of America (BAA) as a member of the Chicago Stags and the Indianapolis Jets (1948–49). Eskridge was born on January 21, 1924 in Independence, Missouri. He attended William Chrisman High School where he played on the school's basketball team. After graduating high school he began attending Graceland University where he played on the football and basketball teams. He was later inducted into the college's athletic hall of fame. He joined the United States Marine Corps during World War II where he served in the Pacific Theater. After Eskridge was relieved of duty he started attending the University of Kansas and played on the school's basketball team. Once his professional playing career was over he coached the Atchison High School (Kansas) basketball team to win a state championship before he joined the Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball team as their equipment manager and assistant coach under "Phog" Allen from 1954–59. During his tenure, he recruited Wilt Chamberlain. In 1959, he joined the Dallas Cowboys football team as their equipment manager. He was credited with designing the Cowboys' star logo.

neg: Rick Barry Richard Francis Dennis Barry III (born March 28, 1944) is an American retired professional basketball player who played in both the American Basketball Association (ABA) and National Basketball Association (NBA). Named one of the 50 Greatest Players in history by the NBA in 1996, Barry is the only player to lead the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), ABA and NBA in scoring for an individual season. He was known for his unorthodox but effective underhand free throw shooting technique, and at the time of his retirement in 1980, his .900 free throw percentage ranked first in NBA history. In 1987, Barry was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. He is the father of former NBA players Brent Barry and Jon Barry and current professional player Canyon Barry.

neg: Kingston Colonials The Kingston Colonials were an American basketball team based in Kingston, New Jersey that was a member of the American Basketball League.

neg: 1946–47 BAA season The 1946–47 BAA season was the inaugural season of the Basketball Association of America. (Following its third, the 1948–49 season, the BAA and National Basketball League merged to create the National Basketball Association or NBA.) The league launched with 11 teams playing a 60-game schedule. The postseason tournament at its conclusion, the 1947 BAA Playoffs, ended with the Philadelphia Warriors becoming the first BAA Champion, beating the Chicago Stags 4 games to 1 in the BAA Finals.

neg: Bill Ramseyer Bill Ramseyer (born November 29, 1936) is a former American football player, coach of football and baseball, and college athletic administrator. He served as the head football coach at Wilmington College in Wilmington, Ohio from 1972 to 1990 and at the University of Virginia's College at Wise from 1991 to 2001 compiling a career college football record of 175–103–4. Ramseyer led Wilmington to three NAIA playoff appearances in 1980, 1982 and 1983, reaching the Division II National Championship game in 1980.


query: What MVP of The 1960 Gator Bowl  was later a real-estate agent?

pos: 1960 Gator Bowl (December) The 1960 Gator Bowl was a post-season college football bowl game between the Baylor Bears of the Southwest Conference (SWC) and the Florida Gators representing the Southeastern Conference (SEC). Florida defeated Baylor 13–12. Both quarterbacks were the game's Most Valuable Player: Florida's Larry Libertore and Baylor's Bobby Ply.

pos: Larry Libertore Lawrence Paul "Lightning" Libertore, Jr. (born November 18, 1939) was a college football player and later Lakeland, Florida real-estate agent.

neg: Nicholas K. Miller Nicholas K. Miller (born c. 1959) was the Defensive MVP of the 1981 Liberty Bowl, for the Ohio State Buckeyes. As a middle guard, Miller was also voted "Most Inspirational" player, by his teammates in 1981, in addition to his outstanding performance in the Bowl game against Navy. Miller had several sacks throughout the game, giving Navy's offensive line a very difficult time. In Navy's second possession of the game, Miller forced a fumble, recovered by Ohio State.

neg: 1981 Peach Bowl (December) The 1981 Peach Bowl was a post-season college football bowl game between the West Virginia Mountaineers and the Florida Gators. The game took place on December 31, 1981, resulting in a West Virginia win over Florida 26-6. The offensive MVP was Mickey Walczack of West Virginia and the defensive MVP was West Virginia's Don Stemple.

neg: 1959 NAIA football season The 1959 NAIA football season, as part of the 1959 college football season in the United States, was the fourth season of college football sponsored by the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics. The season was played from August to December 1959, culminating in the fourth annual NAIA Football National Championship, played this year again at Stewart Field in St. Petersburg, Florida. During its four years in St. Petersburg, the game was called the Holiday Bowl.

neg: 1960 All-Big Ten Conference football team The 1960 All-Big Ten Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Big Ten Conference teams for the 1960 Big Ten Conference football season.

neg: Ernie Davis Ernest Davis (December 14, 1939 – May 18, 1963) was an American football player, a halfback who won the Heisman Trophy in 1961 and was its first African-American winner.

neg: 1960 Los Angeles Rams season The Los Angeles Rams season was the team's 23rd year with the National Football League and the 15th season in Los Angeles. Under first-year head coach Bob Waterfield, the team won four and lost seven with one tie, placing the Rams in sixth place in the Western Conference, ahead of only the expansion Dallas Cowboys.

neg: Ron Kramer Ronald John "Ron" Kramer (June 24, 1935 – September 11, 2010) was a multi-sport college athlete and professional American football player.

neg: 1967 Orange Bowl The 1967 Orange Bowl was a college football postseason bowl game between the Florida Gators and the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets

neg: 1985 Florida Gators football team The 1985 Florida Gators football team represented the University of Florida during the 1985 NCAA Division I-A football season. The season was the second for Galen Hall as the head coach of the Florida Gators football team, having coached the 1984 Gators' final eight games as their interim coach. Because of NCAA probation terms handed down the previous year, Hall's 1985 Florida Gators were ineligible to win the Southeastern Conference (SEC) title, receive a bowl bid, or appear on live television.

neg: Thomas G. Carmody Thomas Gaughan Carmody, Jr. (born April 20, 1961), is a real estate broker from Shreveport, Louisiana, who since 2008 has been a Republican member of the Louisiana House of Representatives for District 6 in Caddo and Bossier parishes.

neg: J. Rex Farrior Jewel Rex Farrior, Sr. (October 5, 1896 – January 17, 1993) was a college football and baseball player and coach for the Florida Gators of the University of Florida, as well as a lawyer. He became a founding partner in a prominent Tampa-based law firm, and remained one of the biggest boosters of the Gators sports program until his death.

neg: Vel Heckman Velles Alvin Heckman (born July 27, 1936) is a former American college football player. He played at the tackle position for the Florida Gators football team of the University of Florida, and was selected as a first-team All-American in 1958.

neg: 1959 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team The 1959 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team represented the Georgia Institute of Technology during the 1959 college football season. The Yellow Jackets were led by 15th-year head coach Bobby Dodd and played their home games at Grant Field in Atlanta, Georgia. After winning their first four games of the season, three of which were victories over top ten opponents, Georgia Tech sat at #4 in the AP Poll. Georgia Tech's season was derailed by several close losses, however, and they finished the regular season unranked with a 6–4 record. They were invited to the Gator Bowl, where they lost to Southwest Conference co-champion Arkansas.

neg: Walter W. Shaw Walter White Shaw (November 21, 1880 – September 30, 1949) was an American football player and coach, attorney and businessman. He played at the halfback position for Fielding H. Yost's renowned 1901 "Point-a-Minute" football team. He later worked as an attorney, judge and businessman in Oklahoma and Louisiana.

neg: Richard Field Conover Richard Field Conover (November 20, 1858 – June 5, 1930) was an American tennis player, lawyer and real estate manager.

neg: 1968 Gator Bowl The 1968 Gator Bowl, part of the 1968 bowl game season, took place on December 28, 1968, at the Gator Bowl Stadium in Jacksonville, Florida. The competing teams were the Alabama Crimson Tide, representing the Southeastern Conference (SEC), and the Missouri Tigers, representing the Big Eight Conference.

neg: 1960 TCU Horned Frogs football team The 1960 TCU Horned Frogs football team represented Texas Christian University (TCU) in the 1960 college football season. The Horned Frogs finished the season 4–4–2 overall and 3–3–1 in the Southwest Conference. The team was coached by Abe Martin in his eighth year as head coach. The Frogs played their home games in Amon G. Carter Stadium, which is located on campus in Fort Worth, Texas.

neg: Bookie Bolin Treva Gene "Bookie" Bolin (born June 17, 1940) is a former American football offensive lineman who played professional in the National Football League (NFL) from 1962 through 1969. He played college football at the University of Mississippi where he was part of the 1960 national championship team, and he attended Okolona High School.

neg: 1961 Bluebonnet Bowl The 1961 Bluebonnet Bowl was a college football postseason bowl game between the Rice Owls and the Kansas Jayhawks.

neg: Merlin Olsen Merlin Jay Olsen ( ; September 15, 1940 – March 11, 2010) was an American football player, announcer, and actor. He played his entire 15-year professional football career in National Football League (NFL) as a defensive tackle with the Los Angeles Rams. He was selected to the Pro Bowl a record 14 straight times, missing selection only in the last year of his career. This record of 14 seasons selected to play in the Pro Bowl, consecutive or otherwise, is current and shared with former offensive lineman Bruce Matthews, former tight end Tony Gonzalez, and former quarterback Peyton Manning. A recipient of the 1961 Outland Trophy as the best lineman in college football, Olsen is a member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame and the College Football Hall of Fame. As an actor, he portrayed farmer Jonathan Garvey on "Little House on the Prairie". After leaving that series, he starred in his own NBC drama, "Father Murphy".


query: Where did the battle that Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha participated in take place?

pos: Sakızköy Sakızköy is a belde (town) in Lüleburgaz district of Kırklareli Province, Turkey. It is situated to the east of Turkish motorway O-3 at . Distance to Lüleburgaz is 10 km and to Kırklareli is 66 km .The population of the town is 1420 as of 2011. In the early 18th century it was a property of Zeliha Hanım who was the daughter of Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha a grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire known for his defeat in the Battle of Vienna. Zeliha Hanım sold the property to people from Ivaylovgrad, Bulgaria (then Ortaköy, a part of the Ottoman Empire) and the settlement began to be called "Satık köy" ("Sold village") In time, the name "Satık" was replaced with "Sakız" ("gum"). In 1999 it was declared a seat of township. Main aconomic sectors of the town are irrigated agriculture and animal breeding. Cereals, sun flower and sugar beet are among the crops.

pos: Battle of Vienna The Battle of Vienna (German: "Schlacht am Kahlen Berge" or "Kahlenberg"; Polish: "bitwa pod Wiedniem" or "odsiecz wiedeńska" (The Relief of Vienna); Modern Turkish: "İkinci Viyana Kuşatması", Ottoman Turkish: "Beç Ḳalʿası Muḥāṣarası") took place at Kahlenberg Mountain near Vienna on 1683 after the imperial city had been besieged by the Ottoman Empire for two months. The battle was fought by the Habsburg Monarchy, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Holy Roman Empire, under the command of King John III Sobieski against the Ottomans and their vassal and tributary states. The battle marked the first time the Commonwealth and the Holy Roman Empire had cooperated militarily against the Ottomans, and it is often seen as a turning point in history, after which "the Ottoman Turks ceased to be a menace to the Christian world". In the ensuing war that lasted until 1699, the Ottomans lost almost all of Hungary to the Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I.

neg: Battle of Mokra (July 1462) The Second Battle of Mokra occurred on July 7, 1462, right before Skanderbeg's Macedonian campaign. Sultan Mehmed II had come out of his recent campaigns victorious, adding large swaths of lands to his domains. He was confident enough to send a new force into Albania to weaken the Albanian forces. He thus sent 23,000 men under Sinan bey to complete the job. Skanderbeg had been prepared and moved towards the Albanian frontier. The armies came near Mokra where Skanderbeg had positioned his forces on a mountain dominating the landscape. When the Turkish force got near enough, the Albanians ambushed and the Turks routed. Skanderbeg then raided Macedonia and split up the loot with his men.

neg: Battle of Ankara The Battle of Ankara (or "Angora") was fought on 20 July 1402 at the Çubuk plain near Ankara between the forces of the Ottoman Sultan Bayezid I and Timur, ruler of the Timurid Empire. The battle was a major victory for Timur, and it led to a period of crisis for the Ottoman Empire (the Ottoman Interregnum). However, the Timurid Empire went into terminal decline following Timur's death just three years after the battle, while the Ottoman Empire made a full recovery, and continued to increase in power for another two to three centuries.

neg: Siege of Constantinople (1411) The Siege of Constantinople of 1411 occurred during the Ottoman Interregnum, or Ottoman Civil War, (20 July 1402 – 5 July 1413), when chaos reigned in the Ottoman Empire following the defeat of Sultan Bayezid I by the Central Asian warlord Timur. Although Mehmed Çelebi was confirmed as sultan by Timur after the Battle of Ankara, his brothers İsa Çelebi, Musa Çelebi, Süleyman Çelebi, and later, Mustafa Çelebi, refused to recognize his authority, each claiming the throne for himself. A civil war was the result. The Interregnum lasted until the Battle of Camurlu on 5 July 1413, when Mehmed Çelebi emerged as victor in the strife, crowned himself sultan Mehmed I, and restored peace to the empire.

neg: Battle of Tofrek The Battle of Tofrek was fought on 22 March 1885 some 5 miles inland from the port of Suakin on the Red Sea coast of Sudan. A contingent of some 3000 troops from the British and Indian "Suakin Field Force" led by Major General Sir John Carstairs McNeill VC, GCVO, KCB, KCMG (under the overall command of General Gerald Graham) was attacked by a Mahdist force under the leadership of Osman Digna. The Mahdists were heavily defeated, losing some 1000 of their 2000 fighters as compared to the loss of 70 British and Indian soldiers plus over 100 casualties. It became a hollow victory however, when two months later, the British government changed tack and withdrew the bulk of its forces from the Sudan, leaving the Mahdi's successor, Abdallahi ibn Muhammad (the Khalifa), in control of the region for the next 13 years.

neg: Battle of Tashkessen The Battle of Tashkessen or Battle of Tashkesan (Turkish: "Taşkesen Muharebesi") was a battle of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878. It was fought between the Ottoman Empire and the Russian Empire on December 31, 1877, in what is now Bulgaria.

neg: Karamustafapaşa, Merzifon Karamustafapaşa is a village in the District of Merzifon, Amasya Province, Turkey. The village is named after Kara Mustafa Pasha, a 17th-century grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire.

neg: Battle of Mokra (1445) The Battle of Mokra took place on October 10, 1445 near mountain Mokra (today in Makedonski Brod, Macedonia). It was an Ottoman retaliation to a message sent by Skanderbeg to Murad II. The Albanian forces under Skanderbeg defeated the Ottoman forces under Firuz Pasha. It was the second major Albanian victory over the Ottoman Empire.

neg: Ottoman Tunisia Ottoman Tunis refers to the episode of the Turkish presence in Ifriqiya during the course of three centuries from the 16th century until the 18th century, when Tunis was officially integrated into the Ottoman Empire as the Eyalet of Tunis (province). Eventually including all of the Maghrib except Morocco, the Ottoman Empire began with the takeover of Algiers in 1516 by the Ottoman Turkish corsair and beylerbey Oruç Reis. The first Ottoman conquest of Tunis took place in 1534 under the command of Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha, the younger brother of Oruç Reis, who was the Kapudan Pasha of the Ottoman Fleet during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent. However, it wasn't until the final Ottoman reconquest of Tunis from Spain in 1574 under Kapudan Pasha Uluç Ali Reis that the Turks permanently acquired the former Hafsid Tunisia, retaining it until the French occupation of Tunisia in 1881.

neg: Battle of Macta The Battle of Macta was fought on 28 June 1835 between French forces under General Camille Alphonse Trézel and a coalition of Algerian Berber tribal warriors under Emir Abd al-Qadir during the French conquest of Algeria. The French column, which had fought an inconclusive but somewhat bloody battle with Abdul-Qadir a few days earlier, was retreating toward Arzew to resupply when Abdul-Qadir attacked in the marshes on the banks of the Macta River in what is now western Algeria. The French panicked and fled to Arzew in a disorganized rout. The Algerians piled the heads of their defeated French enemies in a pyramid, allegedly hundreds in total.

neg: Battle of Sculeni The Battle of Sculeni was fought on 29 June 1821 in Sculeni, Moldavia between the Ottoman forces of Sultan Mahmud II and Greek Filiki Eteria forces led by Prince George Catakouzenos. It came as a result of Ottoman reprisals for Alexander Ypsilantis' expedition in the two Danubian Principalities, and followed in the aftermath of the Battle of Dragashani (as a prelude to the Greek War of Independence). When the Ottomans crossed the Bahlui River in Iaşi on 25 June 1821, Lieutenant Catakouzenos and his forces, originally stationed on the Russian frontier, crossed the Prut River.

neg: Battle of Mohács (1687) The Second Battle of Mohács, also known as the Battle of Harsány Mountain, was fought on 12 August 1687 between the forces of Ottoman Sultan Mehmed IV, commanded by the Grand-Vizier Sari Süleyman Paşa, and the forces of Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I, commanded by Charles of Lorraine. The result was a crushing defeat for the Ottomans.

neg: Battle of Chesma The naval Battle of Chesme took place on 5–7 July 1770 near and in Çeşme (Chesme or Chesma) Bay, in the area between the western tip of Anatolia and the island of Chios, which was the site of a number of past naval battles between the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Venice. It was a part of the Orlov Revolt of 1769, a precursor to the later Greek War of Independence (1821–29), and the first of a number of disastrous fleet battles for the Ottomans against Russia.

neg: Battle of Junik The Battle of Junik (Albanian: "Beteja e Junikut" ; Serbian: Битка за Јуник, "Bitka za Junik" ) was a battle fought during the Kosovo War between the ethnic Albanian paramilitary organization known as the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) and the security forces of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia over the town of Junik in western Kosovo.

neg: Battle of Peta The Battle of Peta or Battle of Petta was fought between the Greeks (with Philhellenes) led by Alexandros Mavrokordatos with Markos Botsaris and the Ottomans led by Omer Vrioni on July 16, 1822 (July 4 Julian calendar). The conflict occurred on a hillside near the village of Peta in Epirus.

neg: Battle of Maychew The Battle of Maychew (also known as the Battle of Mai Ceu) was the last major battle fought on the northern front during the Second Italo-Abyssinian War. The battle consisted of a failed counterattack by the Ethiopian forces under Emperor Haile Selassie making frontal assaults against prepared Italian defensive positions under the command of Marshal Pietro Badoglio. The battle was fought near Maychew (Mai Ceu), Ethiopia, in the modern region of Tigray.

neg: Battle of the Danube The Battle of Slobozia, Battle of the Danube or Kutuzov's Danube Operation occurred after the Russian victory at Rousse which took place on 22 June 1811. After the Russian victory, Mikhail Kutuzov ordered his forces to cross the Danube to Bessarabia. This odd retreat made the Turks think that they won: a big party was held in Constantinople to celebrate the Turks' "victory". Tsar Alexander I became very angry and demanded an explanation. However, Kutuzov had a secret plan behind that strange act and he decided to keep quiet for a while.

neg: Battle of Vasilika The Battle of Vasilika was fought between Greek revolutionaries and the Ottoman Empire during the Greek War of Independence on August 25, 1821, near Thermopylae. The Greek insurgents managed to destroy an Ottoman relief army on its way to the forces of Omer Vrioni in Attica, and captured the supplies and baggage.

neg: Battle of Dilman The Battle of Dilman (April 15, 1915) was a battle fought at Dilman between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire. More than half of the Ottoman troops were Kurdish, almost all of whom deserted. The result was a Russian-Armenian victory under Tovmas Nazarbekian and Andranik Ozanian. Apart from the Armenian officers who served under Tovmas Nazarbekian's Russian Caucasus Army, the Armenians also deployed a volunteer battalion under the leadership of their commander Andranik and with the participation of Smbat Baroyan.

neg: Battle of Meçad (1465) The Battle of Meçad took place on July 1465 between Skanderbeg's Albanian forces and Ballaban Badera's Ottoman forces. Skanderbeg had been leading a war against the Ottoman Empire for over two decades and Ballaban Badera was an Ottoman captain of Albanian origin who had been recruited through the devşirme system. Ballaban planned to catch Skanderbeg's camp in a surprise when he was away. Skanderbeg had been warned of the stratagem, however, and surrounded the Ottoman camp instead. When Ballaban ordered his army out, the Albanians ambushed and routed them. Ballaban returned a month later and the month afterwards, but was defeated both times.

neg: Capture of Mahdiye (1550) The capture of Mahdia was an amphibious military operation that took place from June to September, 1550, during the struggle between the Ottoman Empire and the Spanish Habsburgs for the control of the Mediterranean. A Spanish naval expedition under the command of the Genoese condottiero and admiral Andrea Doria and the Spaniard Bernardino de Mendoza, supported by the Knights of Malta under their Grand Master Claude de la Sengle, besieged and captured the Ottoman stronghold of Mahdia or Mahdiye, defended by the Ottoman Admiral Turgut Reis, known as "Dragut", who was using the place as a base for his piratical activities throughout the Spanish and Italian coasts. Mahdia was abandoned by Spain three years later, and all its fortifications were demolished to avoid a re-occupation of the city by the Ottomans.